"Sarawak Historical Events" 1946-1960

— Compiled By HO AH CHON — Copyright Ho Ah Chon

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the author.

Printed in Kuching by See Hua Daily News Bhd. Preface

As far as 1952 was concerned, it was an eventful year in the history of Sarawak, unquestionably the most eventful since the cession of the territory to the crown.

One of the last honours bestowed by His Late Majesty King George XI before his death was the conferment of knighthood upon His Excellency the Governor, an honour which was received with pride and satisfaction by people throughout Sarawak. His Excellency was absent from the country on furlough for five months in the middle of the year and during that period the Chief Secretary, Mr. R.G. Aikman, was Officer Administering the Government.

Probably the most important event of the year— at any rate to the citizens of Kuching and Sibu—was the visit in October of Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, accompanied by her son the Duke of Kent. This was the first visit of a member of the Royal family to Sarawak. Her Royal Highness arrived in Kuching on the 14th of October from Singapore and with three day's stay she attended many a interesting functions. The Duchess spent most of Thursday, 16th Octo- ber, at Sibu, flying to and from that town in the Sunderland flying boat which had brought her to Sarawak. The Duchess was welcomed both in Sibu and in Kuching with wholehearted and sincere demonstration of affection and loyalty, and the drive through the brilliantly decorated streets of these towns was a most moving experience for all those who took part in it.In the words of His Excellency the Governor, Her Royal Highness left behind Sarawak a gay and happy mem- ory and a great example of unselfish public service which we will always remember and treasure."

1953 was in Sarawak, most emphatically Coronation Year; a number of other important events occurred but none of these are likely to be as well re- membered as the joyful and spontaneous manifestations loyalty throughout the whole country on the occasion of Her Majesty's Coronation. In addition to the services held in churches of all denominations, there were celebrations in towns and villages everywhere, regattas, processions, sports, dancing, dinners and presentations of addresses and sentiments of loyalty to Her Majesty from all classes and races of the community. Some of the gatherings to celebrate the Coronation are shown in photographs in this issue; special mention of any particular event is, perhaps, invidious but those who saw them will long remem- ber the decorations and the great evening procession in Kuching.

Ho Ah Chon BBS, AMN.

Acknowledgement

The compilation of this No. 6 Pictorial Book is the third volume in the series of Kuching during the Third Governor of Sarawak, Sir Anthony Foster Abell.

The illustrations and descriptions of the varies events had been re- ported through the Sarawak Gazette issued by the Sarawak Government Sarawak By the Week' issued by the Sarawak Information Service, Sara- wak Tribune issued by the Sarawak Press Sdn. Bhd.

I wish to put on record my sincere thanks to Mr. Au Young Nang Gan A.R.P.S. for his kind permission in using many of his picturs for the publica- tion of this Pictorial Book.

Ho Ah Chon BBS, AMN.

Compiled and edited by HO AH CHON No. 11 Park Lane, Jalan Central Barat, 93300 Kuching, Sarawak, East Malaysia.

Printed by See Hua Daily News Bhd. Lot 1125, Section 66, Jalan Kemajuan, Kawasan Perindustrian Pending, 93450 Kuching, Sarawak, East Malaysia.

CONTENTS

Page

Clock Tower 1 Administration 3 Pre-war Sarawak, the effects of the war and the events leading up to Cession .... 3-8 1946 8-13 Message from His Highness The Rajah to the people of Sarawak - Cession Day 1st July, 1947 14 Malay Text 15 Iban Text 16 Chinese Text 17 Installation of The Governor (1st) 18-21 Installation of His Excellency the Governor (2nd) 22-25 Installation of His Excellency the Governor (3rd) 26-29 Installation of His Excellency the Governor (4th) 30-32 The cession of Sarawak to the British Crown - The Anti-Cession Movement 33 Secretariat Circular No.9/1946 34-36 The Visit of His Excellency the Governor to Sibu from 5th May to 9th May, 1948 37 Tour of the Third Division by Their Excellencies the Commissioner-General and the Officer Administering the Government, 1949 38-42 His Excellency The Governor, Mr. Duncan George Stewart Visit to Sibu on 3/12/49 43 H.E. The Governor Flown To Singapore 44 Arrests In Sibu, Attack on the Governor - Preliminary Inquiry at Sibu 45-46 Obituary 46-48 Funeral Of His Excellency The Governor 49 The Sibu Murder Trial 50-52 The Sibu Conspiracy Case - Preliminary Inquiry 53-55 L/C Natu Laid To Rest With Military Honours 56-57 Visits of His Excellency the Governor to Sibu and Brunei 58 Visit of His Excellency the Governor to Coastal Districts 1953 59 Governor's Broadcast On The Royal Visit To Sarawak 60-64 Duchess Performs Laying Of Foundation Stone Ceremony 65-66 Sibu Turns Out Thousands To Welcome Royal Visitor, 67 Natives From Rural Areas Join In Loyalty Demonstration 68-69 H.R.H. Opens New Clinic At Sibu Witness To Stubborn and Courageous Spirit Teach Your Children The Pride and Love Of Your Town. See That You Stick To This High Standard: Governor 70 Sarawak Representatives Off For The Crowning Big Send-Off At The Airport 70 England at Coronation Time by Datu Abang Openg Bin Abang Sapi'ee 71-73 Grand Coronation Tuba Fishing 74 Mass Parade Of School Children 75-79 The Open Air Non Denominational Prayer-Meeting 80-81 The School Children Fancy Dress Competition 82-85 A Most Colourful Pageant 86-88 Coronation Celebrations In Kuching 89-94 The Coronation Of Queen Elizabeth Trumpets and Guns To Signal Crowning ... 94-107 The Queen's Birthday Parade 108-111 Happiness Springs From Simple Things - 1955 112-114 Royal Visit 115-118 The Suite of H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh 118-119 I - Kuching (Royal Visit) 119-120 The Loyal Addresses 121-123 Prince Philip's Reply 124-126 II-Sibu (Royal Visit) 127-129 III-Miri (Royal Visit) 130-131 The Procession 125-126 Speech by His Excellency the Governor at the Opening of the Council Negri, 21st May, 1951 132-138 His Excellency's Address to Council Negri — 5.5.53 139-146 1 ADMINISTRATION

Sarawak is divided for administrative pur- As from the beginning of the year 1957 the poses into five Divisions, each in charge of a whole population of the country, about Resident. 600,000, were under the jurisdiction of local These Divisions are the First Division, with authorities except for an area, on the north- headquarters at Kuching; the Second Divi- east coast between Miri and the Brunei border sion, with headquarters at Simanggang; the containing about 15,000 people, the inclusion Third Division, with headquarters at Sibu; the of whom in an area administered by a local Fourth Division, with headquarters at Miri; authority has so far not been possible. All local the Fifth Division, with headquarters at Um- authorities have a dual function: local govern- bang. ment within the limits defined in the Local Each Division is sub-divided into a number Authority Ordinance and, as electoral col- of Districts, administered by District Officers, leges, the election of representatives to Divi- and most of the Districts into smaller areas or sional Advisory Councils, which in turn elect sub-districts each in charge of a member of the members of the Council Negeri. In this elec- Native Officers Service. The District Officers toral function three urban councils also elect are advised by District Advisory Councils and one representative each direct to the Council sometimes Chinese Advisory Boards set up in Negri. Local authorities are themselves consti- each District, whilst Residents have the bene- tuted by election. fit of the advice of Divisional Advisory Coun- In 1941, to commemorate the centenary of cils which meet at frequent intervals at Divi- Brooke rule, His Highness the Rajah granted a sional Headquarters. As far as is practicable, Constitution, and in 1946, when Sarawak be- Government attempts to free Residents and came a Crown Colony, the Supreme Council District Officers from as much office work as is and the Council Negri retained the authority possible in order that they may tour their areas granted to them in that Constitution. This gave and maintain the close contact with the people legislative and financial jurisdiction to the which has always been the keynote of ad- Council Negeri, a body of twenty members of ministration. whom fourteen were official members Progress in local government continued in appointed from the Sarawak Civil Service and 1957. Before the war the Native Administra- eleven unofficial, representative of the several tion Order was published as a enabling Ordi- peoples of the country and their interests. In nance to allow the gradual introduction of the addition, there were certain Standing Mem- people themselves into the administration of bers — natives of Sarawak who had been their own affairs. This Order contemplated the members of the Council Negeri immediately setting up of village committees to replace the before the enactment of the new Constitution individual chiefs, but the first experiment on Ordinance. The Council had the power to these lines did not get very far owing to the make laws for the peace, order and good outbreak of war and the impossibility of pro- government of the country, and no public viding adequate supervision. In 1947 a money could be expended or any charge scheme was drawn up for the development of made upon the revenues of the country with- Local Government through local authorities out the Council's consent. The Constitution with their own treasuries. The Local Authority also provided for a Supreme Council of not less Ordinance, 1948, forms the basis for the pow- than five members, of whom a majority should ers of these Authorities, and their revenues are be members of Sarawak Civil Service and of made up of direct taxes, fines, and fees, the Council Negri. supplemented by a grant from the central All powers conferred upon the Rajah or the Government calculated according to the num- Rajah-in-Council by any written law enacted ber of tax-payers. before the date of operation of the Cession of Most of the authorities first constituted Sarawak to His Majesty were vested in the were established on a racial basis, but this Governor-in-Council. In the exercise of his proved to be an unsound foundation, and the powers and duties the Governor consulted pattern on which they are now organised is the with the Supreme Council, except in making Mixed, or Inter-racial, Authority, with appointments to the Supreme Council and in jurisdiction over people of all races in the area. cases

2 (a) of such nature that, in the Governor judge- namely the Chief Secretary, the Financial ment, Her Majesty would sustain material Secretary and the Attorney-General, two no- prejudice by consulting the Supreme minated members and five elected members Council thereon; or who are elected, nominated or standing mem- (b) of matters in his judgement too unimpor- bers of the Legislative Council. Councils re- tant to require their advice; or presenting the five Administrative Divisions of Sarawak, or Divisional Advisory Councils, as (c) of matters in his judgement too urgent to they are designated, elect twenty-one of the admit of their advice being given by the twenty-four unofficial members, and the re- time action might be necessary. maining three members are elected by the In August 1956 an Order-in-Council was Kuching Municipal Council, the Sibu Urban made and Letters Patent and Royal Instruc- District Council and the Miri Urban District tions were promulgated which between them Council. To qualify for election as an unofficial contained a new Constitution for Sarawak. It member a person must be, amongst other provides for a new legislative body consisting things, over twenty-one years of age and a of forty-five members of whom twenty-four British subject or a British protected person, are elected unofficials, fourteen are ex-officio, and must, with certain exceptions, have re- four nominated to represent interests which sided for at least seven out of the last ten years the Governor considers inadequately repre- in Sarawak. This Constitution came into force sented, and the remaining three are standing on 1st April, 1957, the day appointed by His members. The new Supreme or Executive Excellency the Governor for this purpose. Council consists of three ex-officio members,

Pre-war Sarawak, the effects of the war and the events leading up to Cession

At the outbreak of the war Sarawak had It had long been apparent that the oilfields fought its way back from the doldrums of the at Miri might be one of the enemy's objectives great slump to a state of comparative affluence and during the two months immediately for so small a country. Though it was not until preceding the outbreak of war with Japan 1941 that revenue was restored to the 1929 much important machinery was dismantled level, nevertheless revenue was regularly and removed to Singapore in accordance with exceeding expenditure, sums were being a pre-arranged plan. placed in reserve to meet future contingencies During the week succeeding the declara- and social services were being gradually im- tion of war by Japan the wells and such proved, though they still fell far below the installations as had not had their machinery country's needs. removed were blown up by members of the From the very beginning of the war the Sarawak Oilfields staff assisted by a small State gave all the assistance possible to the party of Royal Engineers. These persons were Allied War effort. Donations and loans were evacuated from Miri in S/S "Lipis" and made by the Government to the Imperial Ex- reached Kuching on 14th December, 1941. chequer totalling £312,000. Local bodies and The European Government Officers and members of the public contributed generously General Manager of the oilfields remained be- to various funds. Local defence forces were hind to help and advise the population and the raised, river patrols and coast watchers were former surrendered when the Japanese organised and, at the request of the British landed early in the morning of 16th December, Government, an aerodrome was constructed, 1941. the cost of which was borne by the State. On 19th December, Kuching was raided at Some time before the entry of Japan into about mid-day by seventeen Japanese planes. the war almost all the European women and On the night of 23rd December, 1941, in con- children were sent to Australia for safety. _ sequence of information received to the effect

3 that a Japanese fleet was in passage from Miri during the short period of Military Administra- towards Kuching, the airfield was blown up tion towards the restoration of normal condi- and parts of various ships and launches were tions and the re-establishment of health and removed in order to deny their use to the other essential services. enemy. The 2/15 Punjabi Regiment together In April, 1946, H.H. The Rajah returned with units of the Sarawak Constabulary and and resumed the Government of the country. Sarawak Rangers were concentrated near the He was accompanied by a few more of the airfield but, on it becoming apparent that the pre-war European Civil Service, but the Japanese were landing large forces at serious loss of European personnel by intern- Kuching, these troops comprising the Kuching ment, murder and war casualties was a handi- garrison retired on Bau and the Dutch border. cap which could not be entirely overcome and A Company was left behind at the seventh which will, in fact, be felt for some time to mile and fought a delaying action with the come. Japanese until surrounded on 25th December. The rest of the year 1946 brought steady The first Japanese troops arrived in improvement in the life of the country in all its Kuching at about- 4 p.m. on 24th December aspects. The foundations of the future were and by noon on Christmas Day several thou- laid and reconstruction, though handicapped sand men had been landed and, for all practi- by shortage of staff and material, was begun. cal purposes, the conquest of Sarawak was Health and morale immediately began to im- complete. prove but the mental and physical deteriora- From then on until the liberation in tion caused by the long enemy occupation was September, 1945 conditions throughout the such that some time must elapse before it can country deteriorated with gathering momen- be completely overcome. A serious wave of tum. crime, mainly theft and robbery, marked the In the matter of devastation Sarawak may beginning of the year 1946 but was slowly but perhaps be considered lucky in comparison surely quelled. with her neighbour North Borneo. Extensive Until November, 1941, relations between damage was done in the north during the re- His Majesty's Government in the United King- occupation by the Australian forces and by air dom and Sarawak were governed by the attack. In the Third Division, particularly in Agreement concluded with Rajah Brooke in the areas bordering the Rejang river, damage 1888, which placed Sarawak under the protec- was caused during the guerilla fighting, but in tion of the United Kingdom. This Agreement the First and Second Divisions property vested in the British Government the power of suffered little damage. decision in any question arising in respect of As is usually the case the hardships the right of succession to the Raj, and control of suffered in the towns during the long period of Sarawak's foreign relations. It accorded most- occupation were generally much more severe favoured-nation treatment to British subjects, than in the village areas. This applied commerce and shipping, and provided that particularly to Kuching where there was a the Rajah and his successors should not make large Japanese garrison, with Military Police any cession or other alienation of any part of playing the role that has brought Japanese Sarawak territory to any foreign State or sub- occupation forces into contempt and hatred jects without the consent of the British everywhere. It was not until September, 1945, Government. Under this Agreement, His that the Australian Forces landed in Kuching Majesty possessed no jurisdiction in Sarawak, and purged the town. The administration was and the formal powers and rights of control of handed over by them to the "British Military His Majesty's Government were strictly Administration" in November. limited. The difficulties that faced the Military Ad- In the years between the two World Wars it ministration were serious, lack of trained offi- became increasingly apparent that the Agree- cers being not the least important, but ment of 1888 was inconsistent with His Sarawak was fortunate in that a few expe- Majesty's Government's responsibilities for rienced officers of the Sarawak Civil Service Sarawak, and on several occasions His were serving in the unit. This gave confidence Majesty's Government proposed inviting the to the people who were not unnaturally in a Sarawak Government to consider a revision of state of mind which was ready to be suspicious the existing Agreement, but in the event on of anything new. Good progress was made each occasion circumstances necessitated the

4 postponement of a formal approach to the Rajah were thenceforth to be exercised by the Sarawak authorities. Rajah acting with the advice and consent of After the outbreak of the late war the late the Supreme Council, whilst all legislative and Lord Moyne, at the time Secretary of State for budgetary power was vested in the Rajah the Colonies, addressed an official despatch in acting with the advice and consent of the March, 1941 to the British Agent for Sarawak Council Negri. on this subject. Lord Moyne stated that, after The negotiations between the Sarawak considering his position as the person charged Government and the British Agent for with the responsibility of representing the Pro- Sarawak in 1941 resulted in the conclusion in tecting Power in regard to Sarawak, he had November of that year of a Supplementary come to the conclusion that the limits imposed Agreement between His Majesty's Govern- by the Agreement of 1888 were unduly restric- ment and the Government of Sarawak. This tive in present times, and that they prevented Agreement provided for the appointment of a the Secretary of State for the Colonies from British Representative whose advice had to be providing himself either with the requisite sought and acted upon on all matters affecting information about affairs in Sarawak, or with Sarawak's foreign relations or the rights and the necessary authority and influence to help status of foreign nationals, and on all matters and direct the State administration towards of defence. His services were to be available the higher standards which were being for consultation and he was to be entitled to achieved in Colonies and Protectorates else- offer his opinion on matters touching the where. The British Agent was therefore in- general administration of the State. He was to structed to seek the consent of the Rajah to the have access to state documents and records conclusion of a supplementary formal Agree- concerning matters in respect of which his ad- ment with His Majesty's Government, vice was sought, and to have the right to providing for the acceptance of a British Resi- attend, but not to vote, at meetings of the Su- dent Adviser. The British Agent for Sarawak preme Council when such matters were being . accordingly entered into negotiations with the discussed. He was to have the right to attend, Government of that territory to this end. but not to vote, at all meetings of the Council Negri. But in the event there was no time to In September 1941, whilst these negotia- appoint a British Representative under this tions were in progress, the Rajah enacted a Agreement before Sarawak was overrun by Constitution to mark the Centenary of the rule the Japanese. of the White Rajahs. Previously the internal constitution of the State had been in theory an When Sarawak was invaded the Rajah was absolute monarchy (the Constitution Order in Australia. His original intention was to refers to "Our will and intention to commemo- continue the administration of Sarawak affairs rate this centenary year .... by terminating for from Australia, but in April of 1942, with the ever the era of autocratic rule which has so far concurrence of His Majesty's Government, he characterised our government ...."). In prac- appointed instead a Sarawak Commission in tice there had come to be associated with the London, under the Chairmanship of his Rajah, as the Supreme Head of the State and brother, the Tuan Muda, to be responsible to the sole legislative and financial authority, va- the Rajah for the control and administration of rious bodies with more or less loosely defined Sarawak funds, and to safeguard Sarawak's functions. Amongst these were the Supreme interests. The Commissioners were selected Council, established in 1855, and the Council by the Rajah and held their appointments at Negri, established in 1867. The Supreme his pleasure. Council had ceased to hold formal meetings In 1943 and 1944 His Majesty's Govern- since 1927, and the practice of the Council ment again reviewed the question of Anglo- Negri had been to meet every two or three Sarawak relations, as part of their general years to hear an address from the Rajah on the survey of the future of the British territories in progress of the State since the last meeting, South East Asia for which the Secretary of The Constitution of 1941 however vested in State for the Colonies is responsible. In the the Supreme Council and Council Negri case of Sarawak they concluded that a fresh powers approximately equivalent, respective- Agreement was desirable in order that His ly, to those of the Executive and Legislative Majesty's Government should be in a position Councils of normal colonial constitutions. to discharge its responsibilities in respect of Generally speaking, the prerogatives of the the territory.

5 In the summer of 1944 the Secretary of The Rajah did not in fact form a new State for the Colonies communicated to the "government," but soon after informed the Rajah His Majesty's Government's view that Secretary of State that, having given further the existing Agreements did not sufficiently study to the proposals, he had come to the provide them with the means of discharging to conclusion that they did not go far enough. He the full their responsibilities for the policies to expressed the view that the continuance of the be followed in Sarawak's future political, White Raj was no longer wise or expedient, social and economic development, and pro- and stated that he had in mind the cession of posed that discussions should be opened with the territory to His Majesty in the interests of a view to clarifying the lines on which Anglo- the native inhabitants themselves. Sarawak relations should develop in the post- The Rajah expressed the wish to consult war period. At the Rajah's suggestion a preli- certain of his principal native counsellors in minary discussion was held at the Colonial regard to his proposal for the future of his Office in October, 1944 at which the Rajah was territory, through the intermediary of his per- represented by his brother the Tuan Muda. sonal private secretary, before making any de- Later the Rajah informed the Secretary of finite proposal to His Majesty's Government. state that his brother had for reasons of health Arrangements were accordingly made for his asked to be relieved of his office as Chairman personal private secretary to visit Sarawak, of the Sarawak Government Commission, and which was then being administered by the that after consulting his brother and the Com- Australian military authorities, accompanied mission he had decided to appoint his by a senior official of the Colonial Service nephew, the Rajah Muda, to administer the acting as the Secretary of State's observer. Government with the advice of the Com- These consultations took place in January, mission, thus constituting a "Provisional 1946. Although they took the form of meetings Government of Sarawak" with full powers. of the Sarawak State Councils, the Rajah His Majesty's Government were advised that decided that they should nevertheless be re- they should not accord formal recognition to garded only as exploratory discussions. The this body, and did not in fact do so. Its mem- resolutions passed at those meetings were not bers were therefore regarded merely as the therefore gazetted, and were not regarded as Rajah's representatives for the purpose of con- constituting in any sense formal or final agree- tinuing the discussions already opened with ment of the Councils to the Rajah's proposal. Captain Bertram Brooke. With these and other indications of local opi- nion, however, the Rajah felt able to make a Discussions were eventually opened with definite proposal for the cession of his territory members of the "Provisional Government of to the British Crown. His Majesty's Govern- Sarawak" during the first half of 1945. It was ment informed the Rajah that this proposal made clear that it was not the intention of His would be acceptable to themselves, provided Majesty's Government to ask the Government it was agreed to by the Sarawak State Coun- of Sarawak to enter into a binding agreement cils upon the Rajah's return to the territory, at that stage, but that they wished to under- take the necessary preparatory work to seek a and subject to the necessary legal and consti- formula which would be acceptable to both tutional measures being taken. sides and could be embodied in a further Subsequently doubts were expressed in Agreement to be negotiated with the Sarawak the House of Commons as to whether the Government after its restoration in the terri- Sarawak State Councils, as constituted, were tory. sufficiently representative to ensure that the views of the inhabitants of the territory would The talks had not progressed very far when be properly reflected in their decisions on this the Rajah announced that, consequent upon important question. In agreement with the the conclusion of hostilities in the Far East and Rajah, therefore, arrangements were made for the liberation of Sarawak, he had decided to Lt. Col. D.R. Rees Williams, M.P. (Labour) and re-assume his powers and prerogatives under Capt. L.D. Gammans, M.P. (Unionist) to visit the 1941 Constitution, thus terminating the Sarawak, to undertake an informal but inde- appointment of his nephew as "Officer Ad- pendent enquiry on behalf of His Majesty's ministering the Government" and also the Government for the purpose of ascertaining functions of the "Provisional Government" it- whether or not the Rajah's proposal was self, which the Rajah dismissed. broadly acceptable to the native communities

6 as a whole. The Rajah, accompanied by a Se- Malayan Union. Sarawak subjects would nior official of the Colonial Service who had become British subjects. The cardinal been appointed to act as the British Represen- principles set out in the 1941 Constitu- tative under the 1941 Agreement, and by a tion are in general in accord with those Colonial Office Legal Adviser, arrived in the Which govern the administration of other territory to resume his administration from the parts of the Colonial Empire. The Consti- military authorities on the 15th April, 1946. tution of 1941 would be continued in the The two Members of Parliament arrived in first place subject to such amendments as Sarawak on the 2nd May. After an initial are necessitated by cession. But it would public meeting in Kuching with representa- be necessary quite soon to introduce tives of all communities on the 3rd May, the other changes (in particular to provide two Members of Parliament set out on tour. for the Royal Assent to legislation and for Public meetings were held with representa- His Majesty's power of disallowance) in tives of the various communities in several order to adapt the Constitution to the centres. new status of Sarawak as part of His The two Members reported to His Majesty's dominions. As a preliminary to Majesty's Government their conclusion that that the Governor of Sarawak would be there was sufficient acquiescent or favourable asked too into the whole constitutional opinion in the country as a whole to justify the .question with the representatives of the question of cession being brought before the communities and other persons con- Council Negri of Sarawak, and they strongly cerned on the spot, with a view to recom- urged that there should be no postponement mending what steps should be taken, at of that action. After considering this report His the time when these changes are made, Majesty's Government informed the Rajah to associate the people of Sarawak with that, in view of the conclusion reached by the its government and administration on a two Members of Parliament, His Majesty's basis as broadly representative as condi- Government were able to confirm that the tions permit. It is hoped in this way to cession would be acceptable to them provided secure the maximum progressive consti- the Sarawak Councils passed the necessary tutional development. In all legislative legal and constitutional measures. and administrative measures the fullest regard would be paid to the religions and The Cession Bill was accordingly sub- existing rights and customs of the various mitted to the Council Negri on the 15th May, communities. There is no intention of ex- and on the 17th May was passed by 19 votes to ploiting the people of the country or its 16. The Instrument of Cession was executed resources, and among the most impor- by the Rajah and the Supreme Council, and by tant objectives would be rehabilitation, the British Representative on behalf of His improvement of social services and com- Majesty, in Kuching on the 21st May. His munications, and controlled develop- Majesty's Order in Council bringing that ment of trade and resources with a view Instrument into force as from the 1st July was to raising the standard of living of the made on the 26th June. Sarawak thus became inhabitants." a Colony on the 1st July, 1946. On 1st July, 1946, His Excellency the On the 9th May, previous to the Council Governor-General of Malaya, Mr Malcolm Negri Meeting in response to a request from MacDonald, installed Mr C.W. Dawson as the native communities in Sarawak for a state- Acting Governor of Sarawak. In his inaugural ment of His Majesty's Government's policy in address Mr Dawson made it clear that the the event of the cession of the territory, change of Government would not, as had been supported by a recommendation from the two rumoured, be the signal for drastic changes in Members of Parliament that such a statement the customs of the people at large. This state- should be issued, His Majesty's Government ment and the subsequent conduct of public authorised the Rajah to make the following affairs did much to restore confidence. official statement on their behalf:- "In the event of cession Sarawak Sir Chalres Noble Arden Clarke, Kt., would become a Colony and would be C.M.G., was installed as Governor and Com- administered generally on the same lines mander-in-Chief in October, 1946, and on as other Colonies within the British Em- December 2nd addressed a meeting of the pire. It would not form part of the Council Negri. This was the first meeting of

7 the Council to be held since Sarawak became The supply position showed steady improve- a Crown Colony. ment, but the need to grow more food, par- After touching on the past history of the ticularly rice, was still paramount. Council, the Governor pointed out that the Mr C.W. Dawson, as Acting Governor, had eventual aim of Colonial policy was visited many of the outstations and the self-government and that this would be Governor at once started on an extensive pro- achieved all the sooner by mutual trust and gramme of tours covering the whole country. co-operation between the various races and As the whole basis of Brooke Administra- between the people and their Government. tion had been unceasing personal contact with The basis of representation in the Council the people by the Rajah himself and all his would be broadened, but changes would only administrative officers the reassurance pro- be introduced after full consultation with the vided by this proof of the intention of the people and with the advice and consent of the 'Government to keep in touch with the people Council. His Excellency pointed out how time- had an excellent effect and allayed the fears ly was the grant of $5,000,000 from the Colo- that the new administration would be im- nial Development and Welfare Fund, which personal and remote. would serve to start the task of development.

Kuching town as seen from Thompson Road in 1952.

1946

1946, the first year of peace, has departed rehabilitation must have been enormous, and to its fathers. Its birth found Sarawak still in the civil government owes a great debt of gra- the throes of the military administration, and titude to its predecessor for the conditions of it is difficult for those of us who were not in the comparative calm under which it resumed the country at the time to assess fairly the duty helm. Sarawak is a difficult enough country to that was done and the work that was accom- understand and administer even to those who plished. "The evil that men do lives after have spent years on the job, and to complete them; the good is oft interr'd with their newcomers, to whom the people were strange bones." So let it be with the B.M.A. The diffi- and the language incomprehensible, it must culties of that first attempt at recovery and indeed have seemed a formidable under-

8 taking. Some of the officers were of course necessary to stop the distribution of milk in members of the Civil Service; a few, who were such cases and the demand for birth certifi- not, have since been given appointments; cates closed down as suddenly as it had and, while it is impossible to regret the dis- begun. appearance of certain names now only too This story lifts only one small corner of the familiar, the majority carried out a difficult curtain. No other information has come to task with determination, and on the whole hand concerning the hectic early months of carried it out well. the year. On April 15th His Highness the Ra- One event during the military regime must jah arrived in Kuching and on the following not be allowed to pass unrecorded. Early in day the civil authorities took over from the December, 1945, an application was received military administration. His Highness was in the Legal Office, Kuching, for registration accompanied by a few officers who thus of a birth which had occurred some twelve joined their colleagues, now released from the months previously. In these circumstances it control of senior army officers who inevitably has been the practice to require an affidavit knew less, both about Sarawak and about the and within a few days several applicants government of backward peoples, than these appeared. By the new year there were forty trained subordinates. Little by little other women in the office every day, each carrying members of the service trickled back, some a baby and generally accompanied by several after, demobilisation from the forces and other children. To cope with the work it be- others after recuperating from a long period of came necessary to print urgently one thou- internment. Familiar figures arrived on prac- sand affidavit forms. These were rapidly ex- tically every boat and plane, but as they came hausted and another thousand were ob- back the gaps that the war has left became tained. To cope with the noise a special office more apparent. The proportion of officers of had to be opened. It soon came to light that the Sarawak Civil Service, who in one way or with the aid of a birth certificate milk could be another lost their lives since the day the obtained at the Supply Depot. A rush of work Japanese landed in Kuching, is probably was caused at the Depot and great concern as almost as high as that of any similar body of to the adequacy of the supply. In several in- men in the world. It is believed that one-third stances the father collected the milk and sold is not a very inaccurate estimate. Those who it on the black-market. In the end it was returned did not find Kuching very different.

Main Bazaar along the Sarawak River as appeared in 1950.

9 Astana. Kuching: the residence of His Excellency the Governor, an formerly of His Highness the Rajah.

One of the most important innovations was a the appointment of a Governor. On October daily paper iri English, the Sarawak Tribune, 28th Sir Charles Noble Arden Clarke, C.M.G., which represents a definite improvement in arrived in Kuching and took the oaths as local amenities. Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Sara- In May the Council Negri met and the eyes wak on the following day. of a considerable part of the world appeared It is to be regretted that no review of the to be focussed on its proceedings. It made year 1946 would be complete without some provision for the public service for the re- account of the cession controversy which con- mainder of the year; passed the necessary and tinued in varying degrees until the end. The conventional indemnity law; adopted certain fire was lit and the flames were fanned out- military proclamations; and authorised the side Sarawak. Repeated reference is made by payment of money to dependants of the Rajah Mr Anthony Brooke and his fridnds in the and other persons; but all this work was over- Malay National Union and the Dayak shadowed by the Bill empowering His High- Association, but only the following would ness to cede Sarawak to the British Crown. contend that the former represents the This Bill was passed by a narrow majority, and Malays and only the ignorant can believe that His Highness, together with His Majesty's the latter represents the Dayaks. If Mr. accredited representative, forthwith signed Brooke's object had been to retard rehabilita- an instrument of cession. On July 1st Sarawak tion in this country, and to waste the time and became a Crown Colony by Order-in-Council energies of a depleted staff of Government implementing that agreement, and an im- servants, his agitation might have been pressive ceremony attended by His Ex- understood. It is thought however that he cellency the Governor-General, Mr Malcolm himself is sincere, although the same cannot MacDonald, took place in Kuching on that be said of some of his supporters, spokesmen, day. The former British Representative and satellites, who had hitherto refrained appointed under the 1941 treaty, Mr C.W. from revealing their deep concern for the Dawson, became Chief Secretary, and, by vir- liberty of dependent peoples, and whose mo- tue of a dormant commission, assumed the tives are apparent to the least discerning. One administration of the government pending is equally astonished at the reasoning which

10 The Fort Margarita equates "independence" to the personal rule destruction had been occasioned by the war of a British subject, at the shameless chatter of than elsewhere in the Colony. Disease, editors and politicians, who have never been particularly malaria, was rampant; natives, in the country and would not know how to especially in the Ulu Baram, were short of conduct themselves if they arrived here, and food; the nemerous bomb craters in Bintulu at the self-complacency of Mr Brooke, who District were not filled in; and to these woes appears to think that most of Sarawak is was added the destruction of Marudi bazaar nightly drinking a toast, in orangeade and by fire in the middle of the year. On the other luak, to the rajah let across the water. This heir hand, as far as prices and supplies were con- presumptuous is in danger of confusing the cerned. Bintulu appeared to be well in the divine will of the heavenly father with the vanguard of recovery. Bad health and mal- "political will" of an earthly grandsire. Many nutrition were common all "over the Colony Sarawak officers served for some years as and District Officers continually complained colleagues of Mr Brooke. They know him as a of the shortage of medicines. Other commo- likeable fellow, but they also know the coun- dities, the absence of which, was severely felt, try well enough to recognise his claims and his were guns and cartridges; the depredations of pretensions for the twaddle that they are. On monkeys and pigs causing great damage to December 13th the Chief Secretary issued an padi crops. order prohibiting the entry of this effervescent Agriculture indeed loomed large in the emancipator into the Colony. There the mat- economy of the Colony. The pre-war schemes ter rested at the end of the year. were pushed on as far as financial stringency It is with relief that we turn from these permitted and the Agricultural Department Bonnie Prince Charlie futilities to the really increased in stature as the year progressed. Its important matters of the latter half of the year. activities were divided between the develop- The position with regard to essential commo- ment of the large-scale projects, the distribu- dities gradually improved and there was a tion of propaganda designed to expand pro- slight reduction in the cost of living in most ductivity and encourage everyone to plant Districts. The hardest hit Division was pro- food, and the rendering of practical help to bably the Fourth where rather more physical farmers and amateur cultivators. It is not only

11 Thompson Road along Sarawak River. the exintemees who are now more competent glaries in Kuching were frequent, but they at swinging a changkol than they were in 1941. almost ceased in the last two months of the The work of this important department culmi- year. This was possibly due to the arrest of a nated in the Kuching Show in December Labuan Malay who admitted to being con- which is dealt with elsewhere. Engkabang flo- cerned in two cases. He was placed on proba- wered and fruited profusely, but until towards tion, and this leniency does not appear to have the end of the year it appeared that the uncertain- been attended with untoward consequences. ties of the market would once again render this After the Kuching burglaries ceased a similar crop less profitable than it ought to be. Arrange- outbreak began in Mukah, but this seemed to ments were, however, then made for purchase by have been terminated by the arrest of a Malay the agents of the British Ministry of Food at the woman. A distressing feature of the "crime price of $16.20 per picul ex-ship's side, Singa- wave", if it can be properly so called, was Ihe pore, for minimum quantities of twenty tons. It high proportion of youthful offenders. It is remained to be seen how far the Sarawak difficult to deal with these in the absence of producers and dealers would take advantage any reformatory or industrial' school, but a. of this good fortune. convenient expedient has been found by sending those convicted on serious charges to Crime cannot be said to have been work on agricultural stations. The success of non-existent, but Sarawak can congratulate this experiment depends on the maximum herself that it was less serious than might amount of co-operation between the depart- reasonably have been expected. Armed rob- ment and the boy. The assistance of the for- bery was extremely rare but once Chinese mer is never failing, but in some instances the fired at the Sibu police, who were attempting attitude of the culprit has resulted in his being to arrest him, in November, and was shot dead sent to prison after all. In Kuching children in return. Bau District was in an unsettled have been prominent amongst the principal condition, but this neighbourhood has always perpetrators of minor nuisances, notably in sheltered more than its fair proportion of anti- conducting small-scale black-market activi- social elements. Until about October bur-

12 ties and in gambling on the five-foot way. that facilities will be' available for the en- There was no Dayak "trouble" in the fami- couragement and guidance of this movement. liar sense during the year although various It is not entirely to be regretted that a Malay unfounded rumours caused minor stirs from shop will probably always be a rarity, but time to time, and feeling between the natives many members of that race are as eager as and the Chinese in the upper Rejang other indigenous peoples to reap the fruits of appeared to be getting more and more exa- modern learning and culture, and to take their cerbated. It is to be hoped that the recent visit part in the progress of the nations. The reluc- of the Chinese Consul-General has helped to tance of some to look ahead instead of over restore harmony in that area. The Colony was their shoulders can be understood but it must little disturbed by labour disputes but a se- be allowed to retard the advance of others. rious strike occurred in Miri in August and The interest that the new authorities take September. A particularly noticeable feature in the welfare of all races, their repeated assu- of the year was the number of new societies rances that there will be no drastic innova- that were registered, and it is probable that a tions without prior consultation with the re- proportion of these will have to transfer to the presentatives of the people, and their obvious register of trade unions when the appropriate desire to listen to suggestions and requests legislation is passed. and render every assistance in their power, The Chinese and the up-river races seem have made a deep impression. His Excellency to be recovering from the comatosity induced the Governor-General has visited Kuching on by the years of occupation rather quicker than several occasions and in August he made a the Malays. Particularly in the field of educa- most successful and popular tour of the out- tion the latter were being left behind. The stations. The Officer Administering the proportion of Chinese children attending Government, Mr C.W. Dawson, also visited school is far above that of any other race, but other parts of the Colony in October, and in November His Excellency the Governor who the most backward peoples have recently had only just arrived in the country, visited evinced an urgent desire for the education of Miri, Sibu and Simanggang. The age-old their children and schools have been started complaint that Kuching got all the attention amongst the Kenyahs, Kayans, and Kelabits. and nearly all the money looks as if it is going The Sea Dayaks have of course always been to lose its substance. At the turn of the year the well to the front in such matters, and their Colony squared its shoulders, brushed away bent for trading, which was becoming ob- the irritating gnats, took up the burdens vious before the war, is now expanding more which are so much lighter than they were abundantly than ever. There seems to be a twelve months ago, and strode out hopefully wide field, amongst the Malays as well as the and confidently along the path leading to the other races, for the development of producers' future. co-operative societies, and it is to be hoped

13 MESSAGE FROM HIS HIGHNESS THE RAJAH TO THE PEOPLE OF SARAWAK CESSION DAY 1ST JULY, 1947

On this day July 1st, I send warm greetings to all my friends in Sarawak. A year has passed since Sarawak was ceded to His Majesty the King.

I gave deep thought to his proposal for cession before making it to the British Government and placing it before the Councils in Kuching. I knew that it meant the end of Brooke rule, an event which, I was proud to realise, would be a matter of sorrow to very many of you. Nevertheless I took the decision because I knew that it was the best interests of the people of Sarawak and that in the turmoil of the modern world they would benefit greatly from the experience, strength and wisdom of British Rule.

I have followed very closely the events of the last year and I am more than ever convinced that the decision taken was the right one. The assurances given at the time of cession that there would be no interference with your ancient customs are being scrupulously observed. At the same time large schemes for the welfare and betterment of the people have been worked out and will be put into force with the aid of funds provided by the King's Government in Britain. I am glad that all these plans adhere to the main principles of the policy of the three Rajahs in the past, that the interests of the local population shall be paramount and that development shall be undertaken by the people and for the benefit of the people of Sarawak.

I know that there are still some in Sarawak, encouraged by persons living outside the country, who maintain their opposition to what has been done. Their cry is that they have lost their "independence" and wish to recover it. What in fact is the position? You have transferred your loyalty from the Rajah who was like your father to a greater father, the King, who has for so long been our Protector. Your feet are firmly set on the road which leads to true independence. Your local institutions are being developed, your power to express your views on laws and forms of Govern- ment is being increased, and your will gradually approach that goal, already reached by so many peoples who have had theprivilege of Britain's guidance, where you will be completely self-governing.

The length of time which must elapse before you arrive at that goal will depend largely on the willingness with which you grasp the hand of friendship and support held out to you by His Majesty's Government. This is the greatest opportunity for progress that Sarawak has ever had. With unaltered devotion for your interests and well-being I say, "Long Live the people of Sarawak. Long Live the King."

14 SABDA SERI PADUKA DULI YANG MAHA MULIA TUAN RAJA KAPADA RA'AYAT SARAWAK BAGI HARI PENYERAHAN 1 HARIBULAN JULY, 1947

Pada hari ini ia-itu 1 haribulan July, saya memberi tahni'ah kapada sekalian kawan2 saya di-Sarawak. Bahawa genap-lah sa-tahun sudah Negeri Sarawak ini terserah kapada Seri Baginda King. Bahawa saya sudah chukup timbangkan dengan halus-nya terhadap cadangan saya bagi serahan ini tadi, sebelom saya hadapkan ia kapada Keraja-an British, juga sebelom saya bentangkan ia kapada kedua2 Majlis Council di-Kuching. Saya ketahui bahawa langkahan ini ialah berma'ana hapus-nya Pemerintahan Brooke, ia-itu suatu peristewa yang saya telah berbesar hati mengatahui-nya ada-lah ia menyedehkan hati banyak di-antara kamu. Sung- gohpun demikian saya juga lansongkan terns kerana saya ketahui ada-lah ia untok faedah yang baik ka-atas ra'ayat Sarawak jelata, bahawa dengan kekusutan dunia di-zaman sekar- ang, mereka pula akan dapat beberapa faedah yang baik dari kepandai-an, kekuatan dan kebijaksana-an-nya Keraja-an British. Saya sudah tatapkan betol2 segala kejadian2 pada tahun yang lalu, dan saya dapati lebeh dari awal-nya tadi bahawa langkah yang telah di-jalankan itu ada-lah perkara yang sebaik2-nya. Bahkan saperti yang telah di-janjikan pada masa awal serahan-nya tadi bahawa segala adat2 lama itu ada-lah maseh di-jaga dengan chermat-nya. Begitu juga chadangan2 yang mustahak ada di-atorkan dengan perbelanja-an Keraja-an Baginda King dari Negara British bagi memperbaiki kehidupan dan kemajuan ra'ayat Sarawak jelata. Saya bersukachita bahawa segala chadangan2 itu sunggoh bersetuju dengan segala tujuan muslihat ka-tiga2 Raja yang telah lalu, ya'ni segala keperluan2 bagi ra'ayat hendak lah di-utamakan, juga segala kemajuan pula maulah di-usaha oleh ra'ayat sendiri untok faedah ra'ayat Sarawak jua, adanya.

Saya juga mengatahui bahawa ada sedikit orang2 dalam Sarawak yang suka mengekal bantahan mereka ka-atas apa yang telah di-jalankan, dengan galakkan orang2 dari luar negeri. Mereka berseru bahawa mereka telah kehilangan "kemerdeheka-an" mereka, dan bermaskud supaya mendapatkan ia balek semula. Apakah sebenar keada-an-nya tentang ini? Kamu sudah memindahkan ta'at setia mahu terhadap Raja yang sebagai bapa itu kapada saorang bapa yang lebeh besar lagi tinggi ia-itu Seri Baginda King, siapa yang telah beberapa lama itu tadi menjadi Penaong kita. Bahkan kaki kamu sekarang sedang berdiri dengan tegap-nya arah jalan yang menuju kapada kemerdeheka-an yang sebenar-nya. Bahawa adat lembaga kamu sedang diatorkan, kebebasan kamu bagi bersuara tentang hal Undang-undang kamu serta pula tentang chorak perintahan kamu ada-lah di-perlebeh-kan, maka kamu akan berunsor hampir kapada taraf saperti yang telah di-perolehi oleh beberapa bangsa yang telah berpeluang mendapat penduan dari Negara British, bahawa di-sini-lah kamu kelak akan berperintahan sendiri dengan sepenoh2-nya.

Bahawa tentang masa yang harus di-gunakan pula, sebelom kamu menchapai kapada taraf itu, ada-lah bergantong kapada keredza-an bagi kamu sendiri pada menyambutkan jabatan persehabatan dan sukongan yang di-unjok oleh Keraja-an Seri Baginda. Ini-lah sabesarZ peluang bagi kemajuan Sarawak yang belom pernah terbuka. Bahawa dengan hati yang tiada berubah walau sadikit pun kerana muslihat serta keselamatan kamu sekalian, maka saya berseru "Berkekalan-lah ra'ayat jelata Sarawak. Berkekalan-lah Seri Baginda King"

15 LEKA PESAN TUAN RAJA SOH AMBA RAYAT DALAM MENOA SARAWAK HARI CESSION SARI BULAN JULY, 1947

Hari tu sari bulan July, aku ngirum tabeka samoa pangan-pangan aku di menoa Sarawak. Sa taun udah genap menoa Sarawak di serah ka Iya Ke Mulia Raja King.

Aku udah bepikir enggau pengambis ia apin aku nyerah menoa tu ka Prentah Britis lalu ngengkah pekara nya di moa Konsil Konsil di Kuching. Aku tau ka reti ia ke pia ngapus ka pegai Raja Brooke, ia ke ni, aku udah tau mega enggau ati ke sumbong, ngenyinu ka ati kita maioh. Entang aku udah netap ka ati laban aku nemu ari jalai ke pia tau mri pengelantang ka orang dalam menoa Sarawak lalu ulih laban penusah dalam dunia ke bam diatu sida ia tau bulih untong dalam penemu, pengering enggau akal ari pegai Britis.

Aku udah mrati bendarpengawa dalam taun ke udah lalu akupuas amat ati ulih ke diator aku nya jalai ke betol. Janji-janji ia ke di semaia leboh beserah (Cession) baka ia ke enda ngachau adat lama udah mega di pegai rat. Serta pengawa besai udah di adang awak ka ngemansang enggau ngelantang ka orang samoa udah mega di perunding lalu di pejalai enggau ari tulong wang ke kluar ari Prentah King dalam menoa Britis (Britain).

Aku andal ati samoa perunding kepia nitih ka asal adat ke di pegai tiga Raja ke udah, baka ke nguntong ka amba rayat di pejalai brat lalu pemansang pengawa di pejalai amba rayat empu lalu mri untong ka sida ia empu di Sarawak.

Aku nemu agi bisi skeda dalam Sarawak, di pransang orang bukai ari luar menoa, sapa ke agi ngidup bantah-bantah ka penyadi ke udah. Sida ia besru ka kuasa-diri empu (independence) nyau lenyau lalu deka ngambi iapulai baru. Nama pemendar ia reti ke pia? Kita udah mindah pengelwrus ati ari Raja sapa ke baka apai kita ngagai ke besai agi, ia-nya Raja King, ia ke udah lama nyadi peninding nyaga kitai. Kaki kita trengkah tegot ba jalai ngiring kita nujupenguasa diri empu ke bendar. Adat-adat kita udah di pansang manah, kita be-empu kuasa bejako mandang ka pikir ke dikedeka kita dalam adat kita empu lalu dalam jalai mrentah pun ditambah mega, lalu beserunyut mansang nyapai kapeneka kita, baka ke udah di japai maioh mensia mana ke udah betuah di iring ka Prentah Britis (British guidance), ari ni kita legi tau mrentah kita empu.

Pengelama ia maia ngelebus apin kita nuntong ka adan ke pia bepanggai bendar ari bepagut bajari ke di unjor soh kita ari Prentah Raja King. Tu meh tuah ke pemadu besai nuju pengelantang ia ke baru ditemu menoa Sarawak.

Enggau ati ke enda berubah kaseh sayang aku ngemata ka pengelantang enggau pemansang kita lalu aku nelah, "Slamat kekal amba rayat di Sarawak. Slamat kekal Raja King."

16 17 Installation of the Governor CEREMONY IN KUCHING

official members should be permitted to vote freely in cases in which, in the judgement of the Governor, the public interest does not for- bid. In the opinion of Mr Wight: "The disci- pline imposed upon official members by a liberal governor today is no greater than that imposed in the House of Commons by party whips." It will be remembered that the ces- sion bill at the last Council Negri was left to a free vote. The subject has been dealt with at length because the Council Negri is still in the first flush of expeprience as a legislative body, and it is important that it should develop into a useful instrument of Government, if it is de- cided to persist with the present constitutional framework. It may well be that the typical Colonial model is not suited to the conditions of Sarawak, and that it would be better to develop institutions with firmer roots in the soil of the land. Whatever the final decision on that point the fact remains that it is the de- clared policy of the British Government to train up Coionial peoples to rule themselves. At 8.30 a.m. on Tuesday, October 29th, The process may have to be long and gradual, 1946 Sir Charles Noble Arden Clarke, KT., but with the present Council Negri a start has C.M.G., was formally installed as Governor at any rate been made. That is the machinery and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak. His we are using at moment although better train- Excellency had arrived with Lady Clarke in ing schools will perhaps be produced in the the previous evening on H.M.S. "Black future. The officials may look upon their lot as Swan". He came ashore at Pangkalan Batu tedious; and the unofficials may regard them- shortly before half-past eight and was re- selves as impotent; but, if both will realise that ceived by a guard of honour consisting of men they are playing an essential part in the poli- from H.M.S. "Black Swan," a detachment of tical development of the Colony, the constitu- the Sarawak Constabulary, and a large tional reforms of 1941 will not have been contingent of boy scouts and girl guides. The enacted in vain. national anthem was played by the Consta- The Governor General was already pre- bulary Band. Kuching was gay with flags; Un- sent, Mr MacDonald had arrived in Kuching ion Jacks and Sarawak flags being most pro- three days previously, and had spent the first minent in the streets and Chinese national night of his visit with the Land Dayaks in flags hanging out from the upper storeys of Kampong Singgeh in Bau District. After Sir shophouses. Two American flags also seemed Charles Clarke had entered the Court the to have secured a favourable position. His Ex- oath of allegiance and the oath of office were cellency proceeded to the main Court where administered by the Chief Justice of Sarawak, His Excellency the Governor-members who the Hon. Mr R.Y. Hedges, and the Chief had not seats on the executive council, at a Secretary, the Hon. Mr C.W. Dawson, official- special meeting of such members. It was ly welcome His Excellency. Addresses were added that once the Government's policy was then presented by the Malay representative, decided it was important that official mem- the Hon. the Datu Bandar in Malay, the bers should present a united front. On the Chinese representative Mr Lim Chong Chiew other hand it was expressly recognised that in Mandarin, and the Indian representative

18 Mr S.M. Deen, in English. His Excellency the member of the Colonial Empire. For this rea- Governor replied, his speech being translated son such effort and patient understanding will by Native Officer Abang Openg into Malay. be needed to bring Sarawak back to its former His Excellency then returned to the Astana prosperity and contentment again. However, and the proceedings terminated. we have every confidence in your Ex- The following is the test of the speeches:- cellency's wise guidance and in the tradi- f55The Hon. Mr C.W. Dawson: Your Ex- tional fairness of the British rule which en- cellency, on behalf of the councils and on be- sures that all our rights will be respected. half of branches of the Government Services In conclusion I have not hesitation in giv- in Sarawak I would like to extend to you con- ing your Excellency our assurance that we shall spare no effort on our part to co-operate gratulations on your appointment and to ex- with the Sarawak Government in order to cre- tend to you and Lady Clarke our welcome to ate a better country for the peoples of Sara- this country. Sarawak is a pleasant place in- wak and to achieve then high ideals of free- habited by people of many different races and dom and justice. religions, having a happy knack of getting on well with one another. This, I think, is one of the chief assets we have in the combined effort which is now being made towards the rehabilitation of the country after so many years of Japanese misrule. Some sections of the population are under the impression that the recent change for the rule of the Rajah to that of the British Crown may carry with it some interference with the way of life and ancient customs. We have been assured by His Majesty's Government that this is not the intention, and I have no doubt Sir that you will see to it that, except in so far as changes may be clearly beneficial and agreed to by the people at large, the cus- 'toms of the people will be observed. We look forward to working with you in loyal co-op- eration towards the general prosperity and happiness of this country which is very near to the hearts of many of us.

The Hon. the Datu Bandar: Your Excel- lency, on behalf of of the Malay Community I take this opportunity of extending to your Ex- cellency our heartiest congratulations on your Excellency's installation as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak; I take this Mr Lim Chong Chiew: Your Excellency, opportunity further of welcoming your Ex- on this momentous occasion when Your Ex- cellency and Lady Clarke to our country. cellency is being installed as the First Gover- We have learnt of your Excellency/s bril- nor and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak, liant career and meritorious services in East we, on behalf of the Oversea Chinese of Africa: particularly of your Excellency's wise Kuching, beg to offer to Your Excellency our and benevolent administration over the Afri- congratulations and our staunch loyalty and can natives. It is, therefore, most fitting that support. the choice to this high office should fall upon your Excellency. It may be said with truth that Sarawak is indeed very fortunate in hav- the natives of this country will greatly benefit ing Your Excellency as its Governor and Com- under your Excellency's illustrious guidance. mander-in-Chief, and every one of us is confi- Your Excellency is undoubtedly aware dent that Your Excellency will steer the that this country has just emerged from the course of the Colony of Sarawak towards throes of war and has only recently become a prosperity and contentment.

19 All the various races of Sarawak look to in spite of differences of race and religion. I Your Excellency for guidance towards the appreciate what an asset this is to the country goal of living in harmony, freedom and pros- and will spare no effort to maintain and foster perity. this spirit. Without mutual trust, confidence We take this opportunity to request Your and goodwill between the various peoples Excellency to convey to His Majesty the King and between the peoples and their govern- our loyalty to the Crown. ment there can be no progress. Mr S.M. Deen: Your Excellency, we, the I am told that some of the people are under Indian Community in Sarawak, take this the impression, a false impression, that the opportunity to express our congratulation change which Sarawak has recently under- upon Your Excellency's installation as Gover- gone from the rule of the Rajah to that of the nor and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak King will mean sudden and abrupt changes in and further express our great pleasure to wel- the ancient customs and the life of the people. come Your Excellency and Lady Clarke to I can assure you, and through you the people Sarawak. at large, as you have already been assured by Your Excellency's meritorious administra- the Secretary of State and by His Excellency tion in Africa and the goodness to the various the Governor-General that there is no inten- types of the natives in Africa is all known to us tion to the part of Government to introduce and at present we are hopeful that Your Ex- any abrupt or sudden change contrary to the cellency's benevolent administration would wish of the people. Rather it is our aim to be extended to us to bring peace and pros- preserve all that is good in the ancient cus- perity to this country. toms. Some changes there must inevitably be After a long peaceful and happy period in course of time; for no man and no country during Brooke rule we suffered a good lot, as can remain static and unchanged in a pro- Your Excellency knows well, during Jap's gressive and changing world. It would be occupation, and now it is our hope that Your absurd and wrong to guarantee that Sarawak Excellency's broad-minded policy and ad- should stay immobilized for all times at the ministration will continue to bring back to us stage of development it had reached on July freedom, justice and prosperity. 1st, 1946. Changes, when the time for them is In conclusion we have to give our assu- come, will only be introduced after consulta- rance to Your Excellency to be obedient, aid- tion with the people and with the consent of ing and assisting in full-cooperation as loyal their representatives in Council. British Subjects. I have studied the "Nine Cardinal Points" His Excellency the Governor: Your Ex- set out in the Constitution Order. I find them cellency, Members of the Councils — Ladies to be in accord with the principles which gov- and Gentlemen. ern the administration of other parts of the I thank you for the welcome you have British Empire. There is, therefore, no reason accorded me and for the addresses you have whatsoever to apprehend that I shall attempt made to me on my installation as the repre- to change or disregard them. In thfe constitu- sentative of His Majesty the King and the first tional sphere the aim of the Government will Governor and Commander-in-Chief of His be to associate the people more and more with Majesty's Crown Colony of Sarawak. the management of their own and their coun- It is too early yet for me to have formed try's affairs and, as a first step towards this personal impressions about Sarawak and its end, to broaden the basis of representation as peoples or for you to have made up your rapidly and as far as conditions permit. minds about me. Our first task will be to get to In the material sphere I appreciate that know each other better and with better know- there is much to be done in the way of re- ledge I hope and believe will come mutual habilitation before the country can recover its trust, respect and liking. pre-war prosperity. But when that prosperity In the short time at my dispoal since I left is recovered, we must not be content with the Africa I have done what I can to learn about pre-war standards. We must aim higher. Our this country, and its peoples, and in London I objective must be to survey and plan the con- twice had the pleasure of meeting and talking trolled development by and for the people of with His Highness the Rajah. I have heard this country of its trade, its communications much about the friendliness which all com- and its agricultural and mineral resources and munities in Sarawak bear towards each other at the same time to improve the health and the

20 educational services. pehak pamerentah tidak bemiat sekali2 1 have no doubt that these aims can be mendatangkan perubahan yang tidak achieved provided that the peoples of Sara- semana di-atas kemahuan ra'ayat. Bahkan wak co-operate with each other and with the tujuan kita mameliharakan segala 'adat- government in the future as they have done in isiti'adat asli yang sampurna. Sadikit the past. perubahan mesti di-adakan mengikut masa, kerana tiada suatu manusia atau sabuah Tuan Yang Terutama—Ahli2 Majlis2 negeri akan berdiri tegak dengan tidak Mashuarat-Nona2 dan Tuan2. berubah di-dalam peridaran di-'alam kemajuan. Bahkan tidak berarti dan tidak patut menjamin iaitu Sarawak tidak akan Saya menguchap terima kaseh diatas per- berubah untok selama2-nya. Kalau ia dapat sambutan yang indah ini juga pada uchapan2 melangkah kaneracha kemajuan tahni'ah terhadap perlantikan diri saya sebagaimana yang telah di-dapatinya pada sebagai Wakil Baginda King dan Governor satu haribulan 7 tahun 1946. Pertukaran bila yang pertama dan Penglima Agong bagi tiba masa-nya untok mereka akan datang, Jajahan Baginda King di Sarawak. hanya akan di-kenalkan satelah Belom tiba masa-nya bagi diri saya buat dirondengkan dengan ra'ayat dan mendapat menghuraikan perkara yang berkena'an persetujuan daripada Wakil2 mereka dengan Sarawak serta pendudok2-nya atau didalam Majlis mashuarat. bagi kamu untok mangetahui ke-ada'an Saya telah berpaham di-atas 9 sharat2 saya. Terlebih awal hendaklah kita pada kah yang terutama yang-mana telah di-siarkan yang pertama berkehal-kenalan, dan dengan didalam rang Undang2. Saya dapati pangetahuan yang sampurna saya harap dan kasemua-nya ia-lah puncha pentadbiran yakin kamudian itu akan mendatangkan yang di-jalankan didalam bahagian Jajahan pertukaran kaperchaya'an, kahormatan serta Maha Britain. Oleh kerana itu tidak-lah ada kasuka'an antara kita. jalan sakali2 bagi saya buat membatal atau Pada sadikit masa sahaya satelah saya mehampakannya. Didalam rang Undang2 berangkat dari Africa saya telah berusaha tujuan perentah akan mempersatukan saberapa dapat buat mangetahui ke-ada'an ra'ayat terlebih2 supaya dapat berdaya kadiri negeri ini serta pendudok2-nya, juga di juga berkena'an dengan hal-ehwal tanah air- London saya telah berpeluang dua kali nya, dan bagi langkah yang pertama berjumpa serta beramah2 dengan Duli Yang terhadap natijah ini, hendaklah Maha Muha Tuan Rajah. Saya dapat ketahui menambahkan wakil2 dengan sabefapa di-atas perikatan mahebah di-antara sekalian segera-nya sebagaimana di-kahendaki. bangsa di-dalam Sarawak sunggohpun berlainan bangsa dan Ugama. Keada'an yang Berkena'an dengan benda2 saya yakin serupa ini saya sangat megahkan dan bahwasa-nya banyak perkara akan di-buat semangat yang semacham itu tidak shak lagi untok memulangka semula negeri ini kapada akan mendatangkan fa'edah yang besar bagi kema'muran-nya sebelum pechah negeri ini. Dengan tidak-nya pertukaran peperangan. Tetapi manakala kema'muran itu balek semula, hendaklah kita tidak ber- kaperchaya'an, dan 'azam di-antara sekalian puas hati dengan keada'an sabelum pechah bangsa 'am-nya dan pendudok2 khas-nya peperangan. Kita hendaklah berchita2 tinggi, serta pamerentah-nya neschaya tidak tujuan kita mesti disukat dan menchadang beroleh kemajuan. perbina'an yang tersekat oleh dan untok Saya dapat ketahui sabahagian dari orang ra'ayat negeri ini bagi perniaga'an-nya, per- awam ada menaroh perasa'an, ia-lah hubungan-nya dan tanam-tanaman dan perasa'an yang karut, terbitnya dari mahsul tanah, ketika'itu jua akan memper- pertukaran pemerentah Brooke kepada baiki kasehatan dan pelajaran. Baginda King bereti akan mengubahkan adat-isti.'adat dan chara penghidupan Saya tidak shak lagi chita2 ini tidak akan pendudok2 dengan tidak semana. Saya didapati melainkan manakala ra'ayat berani berkata pada kamu sekalian Sarawak bakerja-sama di antara satu dengan pendudok2 'am-nya, sebagaimana yang lain serta dengan pamerentah-nya pada telah di-kata oleh Setia Usaha Jajahan dan kamudian hari sebagaimana yang telah di- Tuan Yang Terutama Governor Agong, iaitu buat oleh mereka dahulunya tadi.

21 Installation of His Excellency the Governor

His Excellency Mr D.G. Stewart, C.M.G., Large, M.C.). arrived in Kuching in the Rajah Brooke at ab- The Chief Secretary read the Royal Com- out 8.15 a.m. on the 14th November 1949, and mission and the Chief Justice administered went straight to the Astana. the Oaths. At 10.55 a.m. he landed at the Pangkalan The Chief Secretary then rose and read Batu, accompanied by the Private Secretary the following address:- (Mr T. St. J. Dilks), and inspected the Con- "Your Excellency, stabulary Guard of Honour. He was then met by the Hon'ble the Chief Secretary (Mr C.W. On behalf of the Councils and of all bran- Dawson, C.M.G.), and conducted through ches of the Government Service of Sarawak, I welcoming lines of Sea Scouts and Boy Scouts congratulate you on your appointment as to the Main Court House, where a large Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and gathering of representatives of the various have great pleasure in welcoming you to this communities, Government officers and their country. wives, had assembled. On the platform, with Sarawak is a pleasant and beautiful coun- His Excellency, the Chief Secretary and the try and one with a character of its own. It is Private Secretary, were the Hon'ble the Chief inhabited by people of many different races Justice (Dr R.Y. Hedges), the Members of the and religions, who, however, seem to have the Supreme Council, and the Acting Com- happy knack of getting on well with one missioner of Sarawak Constabulary (Mr R.W. another. This is one of our chief assets in the

22 combined effort which is now being made by shall spare no effort on our part to co-operate all towards the rebuilding of the prosperity of with the Sarawak Government in order to cre- the country. ate a better country for the peoples of Sara-j The feeling that some sections of the wak and to achieve their high ideals of free- population once had, that the change from the dom and justice." rule of the Rajah to that of the British Crown Speaking for the Dayaks, Mr Edward might mean interference with the way of life Jerah said:- of the people and with their ancient customs, "Your Excellency, has now almost entirely disappeared; and I have no doubt, Sir, that you will see to it that, On behalf of the Dayak Community, I take except in so far as changes may be clearly this opportunity of extending our congratula- beneficial and agreed to by the people at tion on Your Excellency's installation as Gov- large, the customs of the people will be pre- ernor and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak; served. and to bid welcome to Your Excellency. I am sure that members of the Councils The news of Your Excellency's brilliant and of all branches of the Government Service and extensive career in many parts of the Brit- will work with you towards the general pros- ish Empire has preceded Your Excellency's perity and happiness of this country, which arrival in Sarawak and the choice to this high lies very near to the heart of so many of us, in office is a most fitting tribute of Your Ex- the same spirit of loyal co-operation that they cellency's meritorious services. have extended towards me during the past The Dayaks are proud to have gained a year." great name for themselves through their ener- The Hon'ble Abang Haji Mustapha, gy, courage and their loyalty to the Govern- O.B.E., Datu Bandar of Sarawak, nest wel- ment since the earliest days in the history of comed His Excellency on behalf of the Malay Sarawak, and it will be our constant aim th at Community, as follows:- this high tradition shall be maintained. "Your Excellency, In recent years much has been accom- plished in order to implant the ideal of local On behalf of the Malay Community I take government among our people who are now this opportunity of extending to Your Excel- learning to conduct their own affairs, and lency our heartiest congratulation on Your Ex- their own Schools, so that we may advance in cellency's installation as Governor and Com- close harmony with the other races in mander-in-Chief of Sarawak; I take this Sarawak. opportunity of further welcoming Your Ex- But much remains to be done and we are cellency to our country. happy to go forward under Your Excellency's We have leamt of Your Excellency's bril- wise and illustrious guidance in these impor- liant career and meritorious services in va- tant matters. rious parts of the British Empire and of Your Before I conclude I can assure Your Ex- Excellency's wise and benevolent administra- cellency that our people will exert every effort tion. It is, therefore, most fitting that the in co-operating with the Government and to choice to this high office should fall upon Your foster and create an atmosphere of friendli- Excellency. It may be said with truth that the ness and mutual confidence between the natives of this country will greatly benefit Government and its people." under Your Excellency's illustrious guidance. Mr Tan Kui Choon spoke for the Sarawak Your Excellency is undoubtedly aware Chinese:- that this country has not yet fully recovered "Your Excellency, from the ravages of war, and is the youngest but one of the Colonies. For this reason much effort and patient understanding will be On behalf of the Chinese Community, I needed to keep Sarawak prosperous and eon- have the honour to express our warm wel- tent. However, we have every confidence in come and hearty congratulations to Your Ex- Your Excellency's wise guidance and in the cellency upon your appointment to the post of traditional fairness of the British rule which Governor and Commander-in-Chief of ensures that all our rights will be respected. Sarawak. In conclusion, I have no hesitation in giv- We, the Chinese of Sarawak, have always ing Your Excellency our assurance that we prided ourselves on the harmonious relations

23 which have existed and which still do exist Coming, indeed, as a stranger to a strange between ourselves and the Government and land, I am not ashamed to admit that I stand in between ourselves and the various other real need of that warmth of welcome, as, in- races of this Colony. Our earnest wish is that deed, I shall stand in need of your co-opera- this harmony may be maintained throughout tion in the tasks which still he ahead of us. The the years to come. tasks of Government never end, indeed they We, therefore, assure Your Excellency of never should end, because, whatever stage of our loyalty to you personally and to your development a country has reached, there Government and we affirm our earnest desire must always be some advances which can to do all that we can to co-operate in ensuring profitably be made. It is because of this that I the peace, happiness and prosperity of was very glad to hear, and indeed I have Sarawak. heard it also in other quarters, that there exists May we again present to Your Excellency between the races of Sarawak this happy our sincere felicitations and good wishes." understanding and mutual goodwill. It is a And finally Mr Abdul Hamid welcomed priceless asset, and one which forms a sure His Excellency on behalf of the Sarawak Indi- foundation, perhaps the only sure foundation, an Community:- upon which to build a contented, industrious "Your Excellency, and prosperous State. It is also because of this spirit of goodwill that I look forward all the We, the Indian Community of Sarawak, more sincerely to what will be my first duty in take this opportunity to express our congra- this country, namely, to get to know as soon as tulations upon Your Excellency's installation I can, and as well as I can, the various peoples, as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the their customs, their pursuits, and their aspira- Colony of Sarawak and further express our tions. In this happy task, I know that my wife is great pleasure in welcoming Your Excellency looking forward to joining me in the near fu- to Sarawak. ture. We understand that Your Excellency pos- Now, you will not expect me to speak at sesses great-experience by the opportunities great length on this occasion, much less will afforded you as a District Officer, Nigeria, as you expect me to attempt to deal with matters Colonial Secretary in the Bahamas, as Finan- of political or economic importance, but there cial Secretary, Palestine, and as Secretary to is one matter to which it is very appropriate the West African Governors' Conference. that I should refer on this occasion. The arrival It is an undeniable fact that each and every and installation of a new Governor does not, citizen of this country is enj oying his full rights in any way, herald a change in the policies of and privileges under our present Govern- Government, nor will it result in any break in ment. the continuity of administration. The Gover- We have no doubt that Your Excellency nor is, as you know, first and foremost, the will study the interests of all sections of the personal representative of His Majesty the peoples of this country and will direct them King; and it is because the countries which wisely in their paths of life as your prede- form the British Commonwealth are so far cessor has done. spread over the globe that it is only through In conclusion we give our assurance to such personal representatives that the King is your Excellency that we shall be obedient, able as it were to keep in touch with and be abiding and assisting and give our full co- accessible to the many peoples who give him operation as loyal British Subjects. their allegiance. A change of Governor is, His Excellency replied as follows:- therefore, no more than a change in the identity of one of the King's many represen- "Mr Chief Secretary, Your Honour, Ladies tatives. The administration, that is to say the and Gentlemen:- Government, goes on just the same, and its policy remains founded on that stable and I thank you all sincerely for the honour continuing basis which is provided by the ad- which you have done me by assembling here vice tendered by councillors and official ad- this morning, and I thank you, and through visers. The advice which they will give to one you the communities whom you represent, for Governor will not normally vary from that the welcome extended to me and for the which they have given to his predecessor, nor, words which have been addressed to me. in due course, is it likely to vary from that

24 which they will give to his successor. Even from the people of Sarawak to Her Royal were it not so, I can assure you that I myself Highness comprised a set of gold and silver have no inclination whatsoever to diverge brooches, the work of Sarawak craftsmen. It from the sound policies which have been laid acknowledging this gift the Princess writes:- down by my predecessor Sir Charles Arden- Clarke, with the help of his advisers and with "I am delighted with the Wedding Pre- the co-operation of the community. sent which the Government and People In spite of the fact that I know I can rely of Sarawak have had the kindness to upon so much goodwill and co-operation, send me. The two sets of brooches, made there is one cause for regret which I would from gold and silver mined locally, are like to refer to today. It is that so soon after my perfectly charming, and I know that they arrival I shall be deprived of the services of bring with them the good wishes of the one who has for the last three or four years — People of Sarawak for my happiness and years of great importance, of rehabilitation that they represent much loyalty and affection on their part. and reconstruction — been the principal adviser and the lynch-pin of the administra- tion. I refer, of course, to the Chief Secretary, Would you please tell all concerned how Mr Dawson, who I understand is leaving grateful I am for this most acceptable pre- shortly on the eve of his retirement. As you sent." know, Mr Dawson has, moreover, borne the The signature, of- course, is that of Her whole weight and responsibility of ad- Royal Highness. Steps will be taken during ministration almost without a break since the the course of the next few days to give publici- end of January last, and I know that there will ty to this gracious acknowledgement of Sara- be many of you besides myself who will, in the wak's gift. months to come, very much miss his help and And now, in conclusion, it only remains for guiding hand, and I know therefore that I am me to assure you that in matters of administra- speaking for you if I say here how deep is the tion during my tenure of office my single pur- debt of gratitude which Sarawak owes to him. pose will be to serve the People pf Sarawak to That debt can only be paid, and I know it will the best of my ability. Where any actions for be paid, in the abundance of goodwill and decisions which are my responsibility come to good wishes which he and Mrs Dawson will be regarded as right or come to be regarded as carry with them when the day comes for them wrong, I can at least promise you that I shall to leave these shores. have been guided only by that which I honest- Lastly, I would like to take advantage of ly believe to be in the best interests of the this occasion to read out to you a letter which I country. I look forward, ladies and gentlemen, have recently received from the Princess Eli- to making your acquaintance personally dur- zabeth. As you will remember, a wedding gift ing the next few days and weeks."

25 Before concluding this address I can dest and most pleasant way. I shall always assure Your Excellency of the full co-opera- remember with gratitude the very cordial and tion of the Chinese community and I now friendly welcome I have received today. I again convey to Your Excellency our sincere shall make it my first duty, by travelling felicitations and the best wishes of the com- extensively, to get to know the country, the munity I represent." various peoples who inhabit it, their customs The final address of welcome to His Excel- and aspirations. lency was that from the Indian Community, While in London recently I had the plea- which Mr Abdul Hamid presented in the fol- sure of meeting His Highness the Rajah and lowing terms :- we had a most interesting and useful discus- "Your Excellency, we, the Indian Com- sion concerning your affairs. I can assure you munity of Sarawak, take this opportunity to that the orderly progress and the happiness express our sincere congratulations upon and welfare of this country is always upper- your Excellency's installation as Governor most in the Rajah's mind. I also went by aero- and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of plane to Accra on the West Coast of Africa to Sarawak and further express our great plea- pay short visit to an old friend of yours Sir sure in welcoming your Excellency to Charles Arden Clarke. We talked far into the Sarawak. night about Sarawak and your problems and I We understand that Your Excellency pos- left Accra convinced that the far-sighted poli- sesses great experience and has won the cy initiated by Sir Charles should be followed hearts of the peoples of Nigeria, by Your Ex- and would be followed by me with your assent cellency's benevolent, exalted, and merito- and co-operation. There will therefore be no rious service. break in the continuity of the policy of the It is an accepted principle of Colonial Ad- administration. ministration throughout the British Common- My aim will be to continue the policy of wealth that the welfare of the indigenous in- associating the people of the country with the habitants must be the first object of Colonial administration by the creation of Local Autho- Administration. In accordance with that car- rities as fully representative of all races and dinal fact, our present Government is by all conditions of men as is practicable and accep- means, looking after the welfare of the peo- table at the present time. By this means we ples concerned and is devoted to the cause of can advance the education of the people in peace and progress. political responsibility and build up a tradition We hope that Your Excellency will take a of service in their local Governments which genuine interest in promoting good-feeling, will provide in the future the main supports on confidence, and peace among the people of which our system of democracy will rest. But diverse nationalities in Sarawak and thus lay our rate of progress in the political field and Your Excellency's fame in the History of this the social services we can provide are condi- Country, by giving a lead in the right direc- tioned by and dependent upon the state of tion. your finances. I will therefore do my best to In conclusion, we give our assurance to ensure that the economic development of the Your Excellency that we shall be obedient, country is achieved on sound lines and by law abiding and active in co-operation with properly coordinated plans with that sense of your Government and we pledge our un- urgency which your present position de- hesitating support in everyway. mands. His Excellency replied to these addresses, Your ambitions 'and my aims cannot saying:- however be fulfilled nor can this country "Mr Chief Secretary, Ladies and Gentle- make any economic or political advance un- men, I thank you most sincerely for the honour less law and order are maintained. We have you have done me by assembling in this Hall seen here in Sarawak and we see many exam- to meet me this morning, and I thank you and ples around us of the misery and tragedy and the communities you represent for the addres- interruption to progress which indiscipline ses of welcome which you have presented to and contempt for the laws of the land bring to me. 9 community. This country has long enjoyed As you are aware I am a stranger to the an enviable reputation among the countries of East and I have everything therefore to learn the Commonwealth for the spirit of co-opera- and you have started my education in the kin- tion and mutual goodwill which exist be-

28 tween the races of Sarawak. This happy Just over a month ago I had the great hon- understanding has, I believe, been based on a our of being received by the King in audience. regard for one another's customs and mode of For a quarter of an hour His Majesty talked life and respect for law and order. I know that about Sarawak and its problems. I can assure recent events here do not indicate any de- you of the very great interest he takes in your terioration in the basic soundness and loyalty progress and welfare. He was however deep- of the people of this country but I am aware ly shocked that so soon after becoming a that there is still some opposition on the part of Crown Colony this tragedy should have a section of the people to the Cession of Sara- occurred. I am sure that it is the wish of all men wak to the Crown. This opposition led to the of goodwill in this Colony to prove to His senseless and criminal murder of my prede- Majesty and the rest of the world that our cessor who was the innocent victim of a cruel heart is sound and that this great tradition of and cowardly conspiracy and who was struck mutual respect among races which this coun- down in the course of duty. This outrage pro- try has built up over one hundred years is no foundly shocked your fellow members of the empty boast but will lead in time to the dis- appearance of racial difference in a common British Commonwealth and in particular your desire to promote the welfare of Sarawak. friends and admirers who know your country. Four men have paid the extreme penalty for a In conclusion I thank you again most despicable and degrading crime. sincerely for your welcome today and for the I intend to carry on the tradition of per- offer of co-operation you have made to me in sonal accessibility established by the Rajahs your addresses, and I know that I can count on of Sarawak. This tradition has been a notable you. For myself I can promise you that I will feature of the administration of this territory work wholeheartedly and to the best of my for over one hundred years and is, I believe, a Ability for peace, happiness and prosperity of privilege much valued by most of the people the people of this Colony. Confident in your of this country. I will always be ready to give a cooperation and sustained by your goodwill healing to anyone who presents his case in a and with God's grace I should be guided only straight-forward honest and law-abiding by that which I honestly believe to be in the fashion but I am not prepared to parley with best interests of the country. Before closing I those who feel bound to support their cause should like to say how much I appreciate the kind gesture of the Governor of our neigh- by indulging in conspiracy and political bours and friends in North Borneo in sending assassination. I now hope that better counsel the Chief Justice of that Colony to represent will prevail and that these people will decide him this morning. that their interests and their interests of their country will best be served by loyal coopera- Ladies and gentlemen, I look forward to tion with Government in its plans for the being of service to you in the future and of economic and political advance of the peoples making your personal acquaintance in the of Sarawak. course of the next few days and weeks."

29 Installation of His Excellency the Governor

Sir Alexander Nicol Anton Waddell, which the Chief Secretary presented to Sir K.C.M.G., D.S.C., was installed as Governor Alexander and Lady Waddell, the Chief Jus- and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak in a tice and Lady Ainley; Bishop Vos; Mr. G.L. ceremony held in the afternoon of the 23rd Gray, Acting Chief Secretary of North Borneo; February, 1960 in the Council Negri Chamber members of the Supreme Council and their in Kuching. Sir Alexander and Lady Waddell, wives, and the Puisne Judge, Mr. Justice G. G. accompanied by the Private Secretary, Mr. Briggs. G.T. Barnes, disembarked fom the Bentong In the Council Chamber the Commission into the Astana barge and landed at Pang- appointing Sir Alexander Waddell, K.C.M.G., kalan Batu at 4.00 p.m. Waiting to receive D.S.C., was read by the Chief Secretary and them were the Chief Secretary and Mrs. Jake- the Oath of Office was administered by the way, the Commissioner of Sarawak Consta- Chief Justice. The loyal address was then read bulary, Mr. P.E. Turnbull, and the A.D.C., by Abang Haji Mustapha bin Abang Haji Abang Marzuki. Sir Alexander, in ceremonial Moasli, the Datu Bandar, on behalf of thepeo- dress, then inspected the Guard of. Honour ples of Sarawak, to which a reply was made by mounted in front of the Brooke Memorial, after His Excellency the Governor.

30 Loyal Address by the Datu me in my language by addressing you in Malay, but my Malay is too unsure for me to Bandar, address you in that language today. I thank Abang Haji Mustapha you Datuk Bandar for the very kindly welcome Your Excellency, which you have given me not only in the address which you have just presented to me, but one senses behind the official proceedings On behalf of all the peoples of Sarawak, I a warmth of welcome which I have long anti- feel greatly honoured this day to be able to cipated and which in the event much exceeds extend our warmest congratulations on the the pleasure which we have had in anti- installation of Your Excellency as Governor cipation. My wife and I have for a long time and Commander-in-Chief of Sarawak, and to been looking forward to the time when we welcome Your Excellency with great joy to our might come back to this part of the world. We country. never thought we would but in the years be- It is our earnest hope that Your Excellency tween that when we left North Borneo and and Lady Waddell will find the climate of our today we have always hoped that it might be country hospitable and its peoples friendly our fortune though we never hoped that we and law abiding. would come to serve you in this capacity. We have learned that Your Excellency has I wish to thank you the Honourable Chief served for many years in the Western Pacific Justice for administering to me the oath on this and South-East Asia and has seen the most solemn day of my life. You too are a constitutional changes in West Africa and has newcomer and if one newcomer may say to therefore vast knowledge and experience of another how glad I am to meet you, you will the problems and aspirations of the people in know it is true and I hope that you will have those territories. many happy days in our midst. Sarawak is but a small country and is The thoughts of many of you indeed of all possibly the youngest among Her Majesty's of you must today be turning back to my dis- dependent territories. It is very much behind tinguished predecessor, Sir Anthony Abell, those territories which Your Excellency has who, I know, is held in the highest esteem and just served in its economic an constitutional affection by you all. His fame has spread far development. We have every hope that Your beyond the shores of this country and he has Excellency's wide experience of democratic made known the ways of pleasantness and the and economic progress in those territories will paths of peace which the people of this coun- guide us in our plans for social, economic and try have trod for so many years. I know from political progress in the years to come. him how much he loved Sarawak and I know In conclusion, I am giving Your Excellency that he will follow with interest the fortunes of our assurance that we shall spare no effort on this country in the future. He is a part of a great our part to co-operate with the Government tradition and it was only the other day that I and we are confident in Her Majesty's had the priviledge and pleasure of meeting declared policy to guide us by stages to His Highness the Rajah and from him I learnt ultimate self-government. much of earlier days in this country. It is right today to think of the past so that we may set our course for the future taking Reply by His Excellency the advantage of the favourable winds that have blown over this country for so long. Let us Governor of Sarawak, Sir make a firm resolve to guard the spirit of har- Alexander Waddell mony, let us treasure the inheritance of good- will and understanding which is ours. Let us The Honourable Datu Bandar, My Lord preserve the friendly relations and the mutual Bishop, the Honourable Chief Justice, respect on which this country has been built. honourable and distinguished guests from Let us in fact all regard Sarawak as our true neighbouring territories, ladies and gentle- home. It is in the furtherance of such a policy of men. unity and trust that I pledge myself today for You will, I know, Datu Bandar, forgive me that is the only true, the only firm basis of if on this occasion I cannot as yet repay the' lasting progress whether it be economic, compliments you've done me in addressing political or social. Let us be united in this.

31 As I take up my high office today I have in am confident that there is no limit to what can mind the Cardinal Principles which were set be achieved. It is a great priviledge for me now down as long ago as 1941 and I will daily to be associated with the civil service of remind myself of the duty laid upon me by Her Sarawak, a service whose reputation is second Majesty the Queen in the Royal Instructions to none. The service in Sarawak is well known and these instructions bear repeating to me for its devotion to the interests of the people, daily and to you from time to time and one of for its skill and humanity and all progress de- the most important of these is "the Governor is pends very largely on an active, strong and to the utmost of his power to ensure that the able civil service, such as we have. fullest regard is paid to the religious and exist- I have today propounded no new policies, ing rights and customs to the inhabitants of nor will you expect me to. But I hope I may Sarawak, to promote religion and education have shown by what principles I shall be among them, and, by all lawful means, to guided and I hope I have expressed my con- protect them in the free enjoyment of their viction and faith in the future of Sarawak. May possessions and to prevent all violence and I say that it is my intention to maintain the injustice against them." tradition of accessibility which has been long a I come to this country with some happy feature of this country for to govern is to knowledge of how you suffered in war, with a serve and one cannot serve without meeting great admiration for the valour and stout and understanding those whom one would hearts with which you withstood the enemy seek to serve. and cast him out, writing by your actions and Sir Alexander then spoke in Malay. He by your bravery against overwhelming odds, said: "I am sorry for not being able to speak unique and illustrious pages in the annals of Malay well. Although today I am giving my war. The war is long over but those qualities good wishes to you in my own language, I do remain and have been demonstrated in equal hope that when I go out travelling in all parts measure by the Sarawak Rangers whose pro- of Sarawak I will be able to learn the lan- wess overseas in the cause of freedom is guage. already legendary. My intention in Sarawak is to make a visit The resources of the country lie not to all parft of the country which will enable me primarily, in fact they lie not in its products or to meet the people either in their houses, in the its material worth but in the character, stead- kampongs, in their gardens, in the shops and fastness and the courage of its people. in their offices in order to acquaint myself with Knowning something as I do of the quality of their traditions, aspirations and their hopes. the people in Sarawak in peace and in war I Thank you."

32 Anti-Cession demonstration in Sibu of members of the Pergerakan Pemuda Melayu (P. P.M.). The cession of Sarawak to the British people had not been consulted on the matter. Crown Eventually it was decided that two members of the British Parliament would visit Soon after the liberation of the whole of Sarawak to ascertain public opinion upon the Sarawak on February 8, 1946, Sir Charles matter of cession. Their recommendation was Vyner Brooke made known his intention to that there was sufficient approval for the give up Sarawak to the British Crown. The matter to come up before the Council Negri. reason given for this was that, as a Colony, the In May 1946, a debate took place and the people of Sarawak could enjoy, with financial Cession Bill was passed with a slender and technical help from Britain, "an era of majority — by the votes of the European mem- widening enlightenment, stability and social bers who were not citizens of Sarawak. progress such as they have never had before". The Anti-Cession Movement The feelings and reactions were mixed. The The passing of the Cession Bill caused initial sense of bewilderment soon crystallised bitterness and dissatisfaction among many either for or against the move. But Sir Charles Natives. They joined forces With members of airily dismissed any idea that any one should the Malay National Union to form a strong and question his decision on the matter, declaring, vocal movement against Cession which grew "I am spokesman of the people's will. No one until eventually it claimed to have no less than other than myself has the right to speak on 35,000 members throughout the State. These your behalf. Not one of you will question what- members, who were mostly Native Govern- ever I do in his high interests. There will be no ment servants and teachers, denounced Rajah of Sarawak after me. My people will cession as being illegal and demanded a become subjects of the King. This is for your restoration of the independent status. It was good. By Royal Command." claimed that an anti-cession rally at the Cen- Such a remark reflected the authoritative tral Padang in Kuching was attended by about and arrogant attitude of the Brooke rulers to- 15,000 people. Acutely embarrassed by the wards the people of Sarawak. However, on anti-cessionists, who were mostly Govern- this occasion, many did disagree. The people ment servants, the new colonial government of Sarawak were, for the first time, reluctant to issued a notorious Secretariat circular— "Cir- have their future arranged in so arbitrary a cular No. 9" to curb their activities, which was manner, and a major protest was organised by signed by the Chief Secretary to the Govern- the Malay National Union saying that the ment, Mr C.W. Dawson.

33 Anti Cessionists in Sibu

Secretariat Circular No. 9/1946 in the past relating to the question of cession, but each Government servant "In view of the political change in the must now make up his mind whether he Status of Sarawak by which on 1st July, 1946, wishes to serve the present Government it became a Crown Colony, His Excellency the loyally and faithfully or not. Governor has directed that this circular (d) If you do not feel that you wish to continue should be sent to all Government officers on in the Government Service under these the Establishment. conditions, you should inform your Resi- (a) Government expects and requires ab- dent, District Officer, or Head of Depart- solute loyalty from all servants. ment, as the case may be, before 31st (b) Since there is no question of any change December, 1946 and he will advise you as in the present regime or any reversion to to the course you should pursue. Brooke Rule, Government will not permit (e) Any Government servant in future who or tolerate any association by its servants associates himself with any activity de- with any activities designed to keep alive signed to keep open the question of the question of cession. cession or commits any act of deliberate (c) There will be no victimisation for any disloyalty to Government will render him- speech or act of any Government servant self liable to instant dismissal."

34 Wanita members of P.P.M. demonstrating against cession in Sibu.

If the circular was designed to instil fear others were imprisoned and detained from among those public servants who were active three weeks to 12 years. However, this anti- in the anti-cession movement, it misfired mis- cession movemet cearly showed the British erably. A total of 338 teachers and Govern- that the people of Sarawak were concerned ment servants, mostly Malays, representing about their future. It also served as an awaken- about 13% of the Civil Service, resigned. This ing of the political consciousness of the people episode of mass resignation now known in the of Sarawak. history of the State's struggle for Independece A number of the anti-cessionists continued simply as "338". The climax of the anti-ces- their involvement in politics and won for the sion activities was murder of the Second Gov- State its "second independece" by supporting ernor of the Colony of Sarawak, Duncan Ste- the formation of the Nation of Malaysia wart, by two members of the Sibu-based Gera- mooted by Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al- kan Pemuda Melayu on December 3, 1949. Haj, then the Chief Minister of independent The Government's reaction to the attack was Malaya. Among them were Datuk Haji Noor swift and thorough when four young Malays Tahir, the late Datuk Ajibah Abol, the late involved in the assassination, Rosli bin Dhoby, Datuk Amar Abang Ikhwan Zaini and the late Morshidi bin Sidek, Bujang bin Suntong and Tan Sri Mohd Su'ut Tahir. Awang Ramli bin Haji Matsaruddin, were In 1963 Sarawak achieved independence convicted and sentenced to death. Fifteen —within Malaysia.

35 The Malay National Union members protesting against me cession

Anti-Cessionists in the grounds of the Dutu Patinggi's house, Darul Kernia 2nd April 1947. They are grouped to represent the Malay National union's slogan "No Circular No. 9. "

36 The Visit of His Excellency the Governor to sibu from 5th May to 9th May 1948.

This photograph shows the recipients with his Excellency (5th from the left)

In a very crowded five days in Sibu, His gaily decorated and presented a pretty pic- Excellency managed to combine a great deal ture. of business with, apparently, a great deal of At 9 a.m. on the 6th, His Excellency pre- pleasure. sented medals and ribbons outside the Gov- The "La Follette" with His Excellency on ernment buildings. A Guard of Honour was board, accompanied by his Private secretary present. The following gentlemen are to be and Mr. Paul Arden Clarke arrived at Sibu at congratulated on their awards:- 12 noon on Wednesday 5th May from Brunei. The party was met at Kubu Wharf by the Hon- BRITISH EMPIRE MEDAL ourable the Resident and the Divisional Datu. While His Excellency was inspecting the Sara- 1. Mr. Yu Sut Moi, Sibu. wak Constabulary Guard of Honour and 2. Penghulu Jugah anak Lapek, Song. meeting the dignitaries from every district in 3. Mr. Peter Liew Shong Meng of the Lands Third Division, the youngest "Mermaid" ar- and Surveys Department, Sibu. rived from Kuching bearing Mrs Middleton 4. Sergeant Embah of the Sarawak Consta- and Miss Jennifer Arden Clarke. Lady Arden bulary, Sibu. Clarke had most unfortunately been detained 5. Mr. Chong Ah Onn of the Medical Depart- in Kuching to look after her daughter who wr-s ment, Sibu. indisposed.

Sibu was full to capacity before the arrival KING'S MEDALS FOR COURAGE, ETC. of His Excellency, but it was surprising how many more people of every race race arrived 1. Mr. Thomas Nyandau, Kanowit. from all over the Division and then the Colony 2. Mr. Teo Ah Chong, Belaga. on every subsequent day and were somehow 3. Mr. John C. Liu, Sibu. absorbed and managed to get a home. Bunga- 4. Penghulu Jugah anak Barieng of Merirai, lows bulged with guests, dapors were full, Kapit. visitors were underneath and on top of houses, 5. Penghulu Sibat anak Semada of Melinau, and even a bicycle shed was transformed Kapit. overnight into a miniature Kayan longhouse, 6. Mr. Helboume Semigaat of the Posts and with gay sarongs and beautifully beaded hats Telegraphs Department, KanoWit. hanging out to air. On such a festive occasion When this was over, His Excellency pre- the residents of Sibu did not bear the slightest sented suratkuasa and flags to Tua Kampongs grudge as a result of the overcrowded condi- and Penghulus. Practically all the chiefs of tions and the local discomfort. The town was Third Division were here.

37 Tour of the Third Division by Their Excellencies the Commissioner-General and the Officer Administering the Government, 1949.

38 Their Excellencies the Commis- The following morning at 7 a.m. the party, sioner-General and the Officer Administering joined by the Resident, set out for Kapit. The he Government and Mrs. Dawson, first part of the journey was made in heavy accompanied by Major M.J. Gilliat, M.B.E. mist but was without incident. Kanowit was Comptroller of the Commissioner-General's passed at 10.45 a.m. and Song at 2.15 p.m. household, and the Private Secretary, Heavy rains had swollen the Rejang and embarked at Pending on M.L. "La Follette" at progress became slower. After a few inevit- 10.15 p.m. on the 4th April en route to the able calls of "Satu Tanjong lagi", Kapit was Third Division. The journey began in a slight reached at 5.15 p.m. There Their Excellencies drizzle of rain and the party retired almost were welcomed by the Native Officer Abang immediately, hopeful of an undisturbed night Indi, in the absence of the District Officer, Mr. crossing the bay. I.A.N. Urquhart who, unfortunately, was ill in All was well until 5 a.m. on the 5th when Sibu Hospital. "La Follette" ran into rough weather and A Welcoming Arch had been erected over would-be sleepers had difficulty in staying in the path from the jetty to the office and the their bunks. path was lined by leading members of all Sarikei was reached at 11 a.m. and an un- communities and by school children carrying official call paid upon the District Officer, Mr. flags. A.R. Snelus, and Mrs. Snelus. After inspecting the Guard of Honour A visit was made to the Pepper Gardens at Their Excellencies talked for some time with the Third Mile Repok Road and the party was the welcoming party before walking up to the then entertained to lunch at the District District Officer's Bungalow. Officer's Bungalow. Leaving Sarikei at 1.30 p.m., Sibu was A short tour of the bazaar before dinner sighted at 5.30 p.m., and the approach of Their concluded the events of the day. Excellencies was heralded by a 17 gun salute. At 9 a.m. the next day His Excellency the Their Excellencies were met at the Officer Administering the Government head Government Wharf by the Hon'ble the requests in Court and this was followed by a Resident, Third Division, Mr. J.C.H. Barcroft, tour of the Station and a visit to the Methodist and Datu Abang Yan, and, after inspecting a Mission. After lunch the party divided to pro- smart Guard of Honour under the command of ceed up the Balleh in four perahus driven by Mr. K.S. Leeston-Smith, were introduced to outboard engines. Competition between Senior Government officials and leading perahus was keen and the "Admiral-driver" members of all communities. had difficulty in keeping his fleet in formation. The Resident kindly had put the Residency Although the river was high the journey at the disposal of Their Excellencies and in was uneventful and the noise of 4 engines view of a rather long journey to come, the meant that not a single bird or animal was evening was spent quietly. seen on the banks.

39 Rumah Penghulu Jinggut was reached at 5 Their Excellencies mounted to the house p.m. where the party was given a traditional through lines of assembled Penghulus and welcome by the Dayaks. During the firing of other notables and girls in traditional costume salutes a small brass cannon exploded, dispensing "tuak ". injuring a woman in the leg. The Dresser who Once inside the house, a "bedarah'' was accompanied the party treated the injury and performed on the "ruai" and a "pantun" sung pronounced it to be superficial, so that the to each of the guests. A welcome pause then welcome was not marred by any bad omen. followed and later the party assembled in In the evening, offerings of ritual food Temonggong Koh's room where Penghulu (bedarah) were made either in each "bilek" or Gerinang acted as Master of Ceremonies with on the "ruai" of the house. The party split up in startling efficiency. order to carry out the ceremonial, which After dinner the real business of the even- ensured reasonable abstinence and an early ing begin:- a "bedarah" in each room or on the night. "ruai" followed by dancing in which the At 7.30 a.m. the following morning the visitors joined. During the performance of party once more embarked en route to these "bedarah" Mrs. Dawson was in great Temonggong Koh's house. A brief halt was demand, and all the male "pantun" singers made at a house close to the confluence of the vied with each other in singing her praises. Balleh and the Ga'at in order to have a picnic The next morning a "Gawai", stated to be lunch. "Gawai Nanga Rumah", one of the "Ranyai The inmates of the house were a little Gawai", was performed. Their Excellencies bewildered at so many Europeans descending went down to the jetty and made a ceremonial upon them unannounced and in such a hurry, entry into the house, in which the killing of a and one old man who remembered the pig figured. A' 'piring" (dish of ritual food) was Krakatau eruption felt that this new upheaval prepared which included, to the momentary was no less impressive. discomfort of the guests, cups if fowls blood. Temonggong Koh's house was reached at This was described as a "Piring Pengalu", the 4.15 p.mn. and after a welcome at the jetty _ normal offering made to the gods in honour of

40 the arrival of distinguished visitors. His "bedarah" took place and a fowl was Excellency the Commissioner-General then slaughtered during the performance and its undertook the ceremony of "Nanam". blood offered to the gods. This "piring" was On this occasion all the preparation had placed on a pole set up in "Rumah Meniga": been made beforehand. A small house This ceremony concluded, each of the (Rumah Meniga) symbolic of the dwelling of guests in turn, attired with hat, sword, shield the gods in heaven, had been constructed on and monkey skin, proceeded with "Nepas the ridge of the roof of the long house. A ladder Ranyai" (the sweeping of the "Ranyai") using led up to "Rumah Meniga" from the "ruai" of a circular mop of grass. They were the house and a further ladder from outside on accompanied by a sponsor who led them in the verandah. A long piece of cloth, signifying sweeping each main post of the house as well continuity between earth and heaven and as the "ranyai" and in uttering loud shrieks promising long life and good luck, was hung opposite each door where the inhabitant from "Rumah Meniga" to the "ruai". A fence offered a glass of "tuak". The strength of the made of a rotan mat and a Dayak blanket was shriek seemed to depend entirely on the then constructed around the ladder leading quality of "tuak" offered or perhaps it was that from the "ruai", the whole being called as the libations increased the vocal effort "Ranyai" a symbolic tree and long house. became easier. "Nepas Ranyai" was followed At the same time His Excellency the by "Nimang", the recitation of traditional Commissioner-General was performing a myths connected with the deities, performed further "bedarah" (Piring Nanam" the plant- by tour persons. A final "bedarah" was per- ing of placing of the offering to be made to the formed before the party left the house and the gods). "piring" given to His Excellency the The "bedarah" concluded, His Excellency Commissioner-General, with the injunction thge Officer Administering the Government that it should not be disposed of for three days. bore the "piring", by way of the outside The "piring" was ceremoniously consigned to ladder, to "Rumah Meniga." There another the Sarawak river three days later.

41 This whole "gawai" appeared to be a por- hearing requests and inspecting the Station tion of the larger "Ijok Pumpang" ceremony, were entertained to light refreshments at the in which the gods are persuaded to come and Chinese Chamber of Commerce. stay in the house especially constructed for A further stop was made at Kanowit where them, when, after a night of festivity in which Their Excellencies were met by the District the gods have shared, a pig will be offered to Officer, Mr. J. F. Drake-Brockman, and the the God Singalang Burong, who in gratitude Principal of the Rural Improvement School, will given an omen and enter the room of the Mr. R.A. Bewsher, and Mrs. Bewsher. A most giver of the feast, in this case Temonggong instructive hour was spent in touring the Koh. School with Mr. Bewsher who explained it It was also explained that the ceremony activities. was symbolic of Temonggong Koh's ascend- Sibu was reached at 4.30 p.m., and in the ing to the house of the gods and consorting evening the Resident gave a party at the Is- with them. land Club in honour of Thier Excellencies' It was a very reluctant party who left visit. Temonggong Koh's house, amid many sin- An enjoyable evening was spent with cere and often fond farewells, for Kapit. The Government officials and leading citizens of following day the "La Follette" was boarded Sibu, to bring to a close a most memorable once more and, on the way to Sibu, the newly tour. built Song Station was visited. Their Excellen- The journey back to Kuching was accom- cies were given a rousing welcome and after plished on the 11th. - (Contributed).

42 His Excellency The Governor, Mr Duncan George Stewart Visit to Sibu on 3/12/49

Attack on H.E. The Governor

The newly appointed governor of tion, a small core of which has, since the arri- Sarawak, while paying his first visit to Sibu on val of the Governor, continued to show Saturday last 3/12/49 was suddenly attacked opposition to the Cession of Sarawak to the by two Malays while on his way from the Crown. An immediate operation was per- wharf to the Government offices. He received formed and further surgical help was quickly a stab wound in the abdomen. The assailants sent by R.A.F. flying boat from Singapore at have been arrested and investigations are the request of the Sarawak Government. The proceeding. They are members of an associa- Governor's condition is serious.

43 H.E. The Governor flown to Singapore

There are more details of the attack on His Singapore surgeon took off in a Sunderland Excellency the Governor of Sarawak, Mr and arrived in Sibu four hours later. Professor Duncan George Stewart, while he was Mekie made his examination and decided making his first official visit to the town of that another operation was necessary and His Sibu in the Third Division. His Excellency was Excellency should be flown to Singapore the walking up the road to be present at an inves- same day for this purpose. He paid tribute to titure to present medals to some persons in the the work of Dr Wallace in the emergency town and was in uniform. He had passed rows operation. The plane carrying His Excellency of school children who had lined up to wel- arrived in Seletar where the Commissioner come him, holding flags and cheering him, General, Mr Malcolm MacDonald, and the when a Malay rushed out from the crowd and Officer Administering the Government of stabbed Mr Stewart in the stomach. The Singapore, Mr P.A.B. McKerron, were wait- assailant fell when he had done this and was ing. His Excellency was rushed to the- immediately held by the police. Although he Hospital. It is stated that during the flight to was wounded. His Excellency proceeded to Singapore blood transfusion was given to Mr the place for the investiture and acknow- Stewart. ledged the greetings of the crowd. Soon after A bulletin issued by the General Hospital the first attack another Malay tried to stab His at nine o'clock yesterday morning stated that Excellency but he was caught by Mr T. St. J. his Excellency had passed a calm night on Dilks who was immediately His Excellency. Sunday and had got over the danger of the Mr Dilks frustrated his attempt and held him attack but his condition was still serious. The until he was arrested by the police. The Malay Officer Administering the Government of who wielded the knife is stated to be a youth Singapore, Mr P.A.B. McKerron, received a of sixteen years of age. message from the Officer Administering the His Excellency's condition was found to be Government of Sarawak, Mr C.W. Dawson, serious as the stab wound had perforated the who said that he was glad that His Excellency intestine and an emergency operation was was doing well and added that a public meet- performed on him by the surgeon in Sibu, Dr ing was held in Sibu of all communities in E.H. Wallace. A message for help was sent to which they expressed horror at the crime and Singapore. At three o'clock in the morning of their sympathy for the Governor. Sunday, Professor Mekie a well-known

44 Arrests In Sibu

In connection with the attack made upon A public meeting was held at Sibu on the Governor of Sarawak at Sibu on Saturday Monday, at which the Governor's Deputy, Mr last, in addition to the two assailants, nine C.W. Dawson, was present. It was attended by other persons have been arrested. It is proba large numbers of representatives of the le that two further arrests will be made in the Malay, Dayak and Chinese Communities, near future. and a solution was unanimously passed The two assailants, whose names are Rosli condemning the outrage and expressing their bin Dobie and Morshidi bin Sidek, have been support of the Government. produced before a Magistrate and a preli- Messages of sympathy and loyalty have minary inquiry will shortly be held at which it been received from all communities through- is understood that the prosecution will ask for out Sarawak. It is satisfactory to note the inci- committal for trial on charges of attempted dent has not been accompanied by any distur- murder. bances. The other arrested persons have been re- The latest news of His Excellency's condi- manded in custody and enquiries are pro- tion is that he passed a fair night on Monday ceeding. and his condition is satisfactory.

Attack on the Governor— Preliminary Inquiry at Sibu

The preliminary inquiry into the death of youth stabbed the Governor and that he tried the Governor of Sarawak opened on the after- to do so again, but fell and was caught. noon of the 15th December before Mr F.B.K. Dr E.H. Wallace, Medical Officer, Third Drake in the Court Room of the Government Division, described seeing a man holding a Offices, Sibu, and was concluded the follow- dagger in his hand and making an attempt to ing morning. The two men, Roslie bin Dobie, stab the Governor. He was then called over to aged 19, and Morshidi bin Sidek, aged 25, the Governor, whom he helped to the nearest who were originally arrested on a charge of taxi, a distance of about twenty yards. He attempted murder, were in Court throughout assisted him into the taxi and they immediate- the proceedings, and were able to question ly drove to the hospital, where the Governor witnesses who were called by the prosecuting was taken to the operating table. Dr Wallace officer, Mr A.C. Eattell, Assistant Com- added that he found out that an immediate missioner of Constabulary. operation was necessary, and then described Sgt. Kiker Singh explained that he was in the nature of the Governor's wounds. charge of traffic outside the Government Professor D.E.C. Meikie, Professor of Offices when the Governor arrived at Sibu. Clinical Surgery, Singapore, said that on Just after the Governor had passed in front of arrival in Sibu he examined the Governor him, he noticed someone came out and then with Dr Wallace and decided that he should saw blood on the Governor's left side. He saw be transferred to Singapore General Hospital, a youth holding a knife, and this youth slipped because the nature of. his injuries demanded down in front of him. He quickly caught hold greater facilities than were available in Sibu. of the youth's right hand, in which he still held Mr J.C.H. Barcroft, Resident, Third Divi- a knife. A constable came to his assistance sion, described the arrival of the Governor and together they took the youth to the Police and his progress down the road between lines Station. He recognised the youth whom he of school children. He continued: "I pointed arrested as Roslie bin Dobie. He also identi- out to His Excellency the various schools and fied the knife which the youth had in his hand explained the initials of their badges as we at the time. He said that at the first attempt the came abreast the entrance to the Offices. I

45 said to His Excellency:- "Here we wheel right. hind by Mr Dilks, the Private Secretary." Mr Suddenly from the left from the ranks of the Barcroft added that he also grabbed the man Methodist School someone collapsed at the by the wrist with which he held the dagger. feet of His Excellency and myself. I thought a He then turned round to see a Sikh policeman school boy had fainted. Immediately there with a Malay youth, whom he had seized was a commotion. I saw another man ad- round the throat. Only after that did he rea- vancing upon us with a knife in his hand. I lised for the first time that the Governor was stepped towards him, but he seized from be- wounded. Obituary HIS EXCELLENCY MR. DUNCAN GEORGE STEWART, C.M.G.

Dncan George Stewart was born in the Air Force to send a flying boat to Sibu the next Transvaal in 1904. Educated at Winchester morning with a surgeon and nurse. It left and Oriel College, Oxford, he was appointed Singapore at 4 a.m. After consultation the to the Colonial Administrative Service in 1928 doctors decided that the patient could be and posted to Nigeria. After sixteen years in flown to Singapore, and this was done the West Africa, he became successively Colonial same day. Secretary of the Bahamas and Financial First reports of Mr. Stewart's condition Secretary, Palestine. He was appointed from the Singapore General Hospital were Governor and Commander-inr Chief of encouraging, but it was later learned that a Sarawak in September, 1949, in succession to further operation had been found necesary. Sir Charles Arden-Clarke, and he arrived in This was not successful, and his condition Kuching and was formally installed on the deteriorated rapidly till at 11.10 a.m. on the 14th November. 10th December, exactly a week after the He was detained in Kuching for a little attack, he died. over a forthnight owing to the meeting of the The funeral took place with full military Council Negri and the accompanying social honours in Singaore on the 11th December. activities, but he had intended as soon as he The pall-bearers were the Commissioner- could to visit every Division in Sarawak and General (Mr. Malcolm MacDonald), the High the State of Brunei. He left for his first tour, to Commissioner for the Federation of Malaya the Third Division, on the 2nd December, and (Sir Henry Gurney) and the Officers it was after landing the following day at Sibu Administering the Governments of Singapore and inspecting the guard of honour that he (Mr. P.A.B. McKerron) and Sarawak (Mr. C. received the stroke from a dagger which W. Dawson). TheCommissioner-General was finally proved fatal to him. also present as the personal representative of He was moving from the guard to the His Majesty the King. The funeral service wa government office between the customary broadcast over Radio Malaya and' many in rows of school children, when a young Malay, Sarawak were able to hear it. who had been standing among the children, Mr. Stewart was in Sarawak for so short a rushed forward and stabbed him in the time that we were hardly able to assess his abdomen. Another Malay, who was standing qualities as a Governor. Those, however, who in the front of the crowd, pretending to take were privileged to meet him were impressed photographs, also made as if to attack him, but by his youthfulness, his keenness and his un- was prevented by the Private Secretary, who assuming manner. We could not doubt that he handed him over to the police. would have made a worthy successor to Sir The Governor walked the remaining few Charles Arden-Clarke, and that Sarawak is yards to the office, a nearby car was the poorer for his untimely death. summoned and he was taken to the hospital, We cannot do better than reproduce the where an operation was performed. News of words spoken over Radio Malaya by the the incident was at once passed to Kuching, Commissioner-General on the 10th and arrangements were made for the Royal December:*

46 "We have listened helpless to the strivings there is peace. Such a blow falls heart-breaking news that this morning heavily upon the dead, but even more heavily Duncan Stewart, Governor and Commander- upon the living. in-Chief of Sarawak, died of his wounds. Of "Mrs. Stewart has been at her husband's the blow which struck him down I shall say bedside, facing the grim chances of life and nothing. On that we must withhold opinion death with superlative courage. That young until the processes of justice reveal their sorry and gracious and lovely lady was to have been tale and pronounce their solemn judgement. the ideal partner for a Governor of Sarawak. But this I must say. I know the peoples of "With bowed heads we express to her our Sarawak. This crime does not represent them. unspeakable grief and our most Tespectful They are the salt of the earth; they are the and profound sympathies. most friendly, most peaceable and the most "May God in his infinite mercy and kindly people whom one could wish to meet. kindness sustain and comfort her and her They detest this deed. It is a blow, not for children and us all." them, but against them. It leaves them be- wildered and stricken, mourning the loss of a noble Governor and friend. Telegrams of condolence have been sent "Duncan Stewart was a man of great and to Mrs. Stewart and to the Officer attractive qualities. In several lands his work Administering the Government from many marked him out for early and high promotion parts of the world and from many communi- in the service of his fellow men. He was ties, associations and commercial firms in modest and simple, energetic and fearless, Sarawak. We are unable to print all of them, charming and friendly, able and wise. At the but we give below a few that are of especial comparatively youthful age of forty-five he interesti- was chosen for-his new post, because His From His Majesty the King:- Majesty the King wished to give Sarawak the "The Queen and I are grieved to hear the finest and best that was in his gift in the way of news of your husband's death and send you Governors. our sincere sympathy in your sad loss." "Stewart himself was a man incapable of From His Royal Highness the Duke of unkindness or cruelty. He could bear no Windsor: - malice. With all his distinctions and brilliance "The Duchess and I send you all our and success, he retained a young and gay sympathy and are thinking of you at this sad heart. time. "When he landed at Seletar from Borneo From the Secretary of State for the the other day, carried ashore on a stretcher, Colonies:- Pat McKerron and I talked with him for a few "It is with the greatest sorrow and regret minutes. In the course of the brief con- that I have heard the news of Mr. Duncan versation he spoke only two sentences about Stewart's death. His brave demeanour after the deadly attack made upon him. With a the foul attack made upon him last Saturday smile, he said: "You know, in some ways it and his splendid struggle for life were typical was really rather funny. I must tell you about it of the fine qualities of one whose loss will be when I have got the time." deeply felt not only among his family and "Alas, he was not to have the time for that, friends and colleagues but also among the nor to fulfil the splendid destiny which people of Sarawak whom he had so recently awaited him amongst us. gone to serve. The cowardly murder of a man "At Sibu and Singapore he received so devoted to the welfare of the Colonial devoted medical care. Skilful doctors and peoples and with so much to give to their nurses did everything that was possible to service is abhorrent to all men of good will. save his life. They found a magnificent ally in The deepest sympathy of myself and of His his own stout heart. By sheer healthiness of Majesty's- Government goes out to his wife body and staunchness of spirit, he kept him- and children and to all those who knew and self alive a day or two longer than in the end loved him." the effect of his, wounds seemed to make Also from the Secretary of State for the possible. Colonies:- "But this morning he lost his gallant fight "I should be grateful if you would convey and passes to where beyond all earthly my profound sympathy in the loss sustained

47 by the death of the Governor in such tragic in Bahamas with feelings of deep shock and circumstances to all members of Councils, personal concern. Expressions I have heard Public Services and People of Sarawak." indicate deep-seated regard with which both From Sir Charles Arden-Clarke, Governor he and you were held in this Colony. On be- of the Gold Coast:- half Executive Council and Colony of "The peoples and Government Service of Bahamas generally I wish to express sincere Sarawak must be as deeply shocked as we cue condolence and sympathy. by this insane outrage against the Governor, From the Acting Governor of St. Helena:- so utterly at variance with its tradition of "Grateful if you will convey to Mrs. friendliness and hospitality. My wife and I Stewart deepest sympathy from members of send the Colony our deepest sympathy." Colonial Service here and the people of St. From His Highness the Rajah*:- Helena Colony." "Ranee and I deeply shocked at news of From the Australian Commissioner, Sarawak outrage. At first suitable opportunity Singapore:- shall be grateful if you will convey to "Please accept deepest sympathy of my Governor our sincere wishes for a speedy Government and this Australian Commission recovery and early return to duty." in your tragic loss." From the Officer Administering the From the Swiss Consul, Singapore:- Government of North Borneo:- "Please accept my sincere condolences "Deeply regret to hear sad news, of Mr. and the expression of my heartfelt sympathy Stewart's death. Members of Advisory for the untimely loss of His Excellency the Council now in session and people of North Governor of Sarawak." Borneo send their deepest sympathy to widow From His Highness the Sultan of Brunei :- and children in their sad bereavement." "Beta dukadta kematian Tuan governor From the High Commissioner for the D.G. Stewart sampaikan kepada isteri dan Federation of Malaya:- ahlinya." "I have been deeply shocked to learn of From the British Resident, Brunei:- the death of Mr. Duncan Stewart and offer "I and all people in Brunei deeply you and the Government and people of distressed at tragic news and send our sincere Sarawak sincere sympathy in your great sympathy to you and government of loss." Sarawak." From the Governor of Hong Kong:- From His Highness the Sultan of "Please convey my deepest condolences Selangor:- to Mrs. Stewart." "It is with the greatest sorrow that my wife From the Governor of the Gambia:- and I heard of the death of Mr. Stewart. Please "Please accept my sincere sympathy and convey our heartfelt condolences to Mrs. that of all communities in the Gambia in the Stewart in her hour of bereavement." great loss your Colony has sustained." From His Highness the Regent of Johore:- From the Acting Governor of the "Please convey to Mrs. Stewart my Bahamas:- deepest sympathy and condolence in her very "Tragic news of your bereavement has sad bereavement and the great loss." been received by all who knew your husband

48 Funeral Of His Excellency The Governor

The following account of the-funeral of His Gregory, who was officiating in the absence of Excellency the Governor of Sarawak has been the Bishop of Singapore in Bangkok, met the received from Singapore. procession and preceded it into the church. Crowds began to gather outside St. While the 23rd Pealm was sung the draped Andrew's Cathedral two hours before the coffin was carried up the aisle to its place in the huleral service was due to begin. Close by the Cathedral Choir. Mrs. Stewart sat with Mrs. Scots Guards were waiting as escort and with Mckerron and Mr. T. St. J. Dilks, who had them were the bank of the Seaforth been Private Secretary to her husband. At the Highlanders whose drums were draped in conclusion of the service a party of eight black, the buglers of the Scots Guards and a buglers from the Scots guards sounded the detachment of the Singapore police. At 4 p.m. Reveille and the Last Post while the the hearse with its police escort arrived congregation stood in final respect. The coffin was then carried down the aisle by the bearer outside the Supreme Court (which is four party, and the official mourners followed. It hundred yards from the Cathedral) where the was placed on a hearse which moved off while coffin was transferred by the military bearer the Singapore Artillery Regiment fired a party of eight Scots guardsmen to a gun- seventeen-gun salute. The burial at Bidadari carriage. The coffin was draped with the union Cemetery was, at the request of Mrs. Stewart, Jack and on top were two personal wreaths private. and the white plumed dress helmet of the late Governor. His insignia were carried on a red insignia cushion. In addition to the wreaths from Sarawak, The official pall-bearers were the mentioned in yesterday Commissioner General, Mr. Malcom The secretary of State for the Colonies. MacDonald, the Officer Administering the The Commissioner General. Government, Sarawak, Mr. Christopher The Governor of Singapore, Sir Franklin Dawson, the High Commissioner of the Gimson and Lady Gimson. Federation of Malaya, Sir Henry Gurney and The Officer Administering the Government, the Officer Administering the Government, Singapore and Mrs. McKerron. Singapore, Mr. P.A.B. McKerron. As the cortege moved off the gun-carriage was His Highness the Rajah. pulled by a party of fourteen Singapore Police. The newly appointed Governor of North Behind the carriage walked representatives of Borneo, Sir Ralph Hone and Lady Hone. the British Services and the representatives of The Government of Singapore. the people of Sarawak who had accompanied The High Commissioner for the Federation of Mr. Dawson to Singapore in the morning. Malaya, Sir Henry Gurney and Lady Gurney. It was most moving scene as the cortege, The Government of the Federation of Malaya. headed by the band, which was playing The Sultan and Government of Brunei. Chopin's Funeral March, moved at the slow The British Resident of Brunei, Mr. Pretty and march into the Cathedral grounds. The road Mrs. Pretty. was lined four and five deep all'the way and the lawn in front of the main door of the The Government and people of the Bahamas, Cathedral was carpeted with wreaths. At the where the late Governor was formerly Cathedral porch the Venerable Archdeacon Colonial Secretary.

49 The Sibu Murder Trial

The trial of Rosli bin Dobi and Morshidi bin murder. He then explained the law of common Sidek for the murder of the late Governor Mr. intention. If two people agree to commit Duncan Stewart opened in the Second Circuit murder and one attracts the attention of the Court, Sibu, on the 5th January. His Honour victim or does something to halt his progress, Judge D.R. Lascelles sat with five assessors, of in order to enable the other to deliver a fatal whom three "were Malays, one Dayak and one blow, and the other does deliver that blow, Chinese. Both accused were defended by Mr. according to the law both are equally quilty of J. Pike, Assistant District Officer, Binatang. murder. The public benches of the Court Room, which The rest of the morning session was had been almost empty for the preliminary occupied with the evidence of witnesses, inquiry three weeks earlier, were filled with including Mr. Barcroft, Mr. Dilks and a spectators, many of them Ibans. number of policemen. They gave substantially Both Rosli and Morshidi pleaded guilty, the same evidence as they had given at the though at the preliminary inquiry the latter preliminary inquiry. had pleaded not guilty. The pleas were When the Court reassembled in the accepted, but it was decided to hear evidence. afternoon, statements made by the two The case was opened by the Attorney- accused were read out, which alleged that General, Mr. A.J. Grattan-Bellew, who there had been in existence for more than a prosecuted. He explained how the late year an organisation called the "Thirteen Govenor had come to Sibu on the 3rd essential ingredients", whose object was to December, and how he was attacked by Rosli, assassinate the Governor and other British who came out from the side and stabbed him officials. in the abdomen, being immediately caught by In his statement Rosli bin Dobi said that two policemen. Morshidi had meanwhile three or four months previously he was pretended tQ take a photograph of the walking in Sibu when he was hailed by a man Governor, in order to check him; after the first named Bujang bin Suntong, who asked him if accused had made his attack he (Morshidi) he knew of a party called the "Thirteen came forward with a dagger upraised in his essential ingredients", which was headed by hand, but was immediately overcome by Mr. Awang Rambli, who was Secretary-General of Barcoft, Resident, Third Division, and Mr. the Pergerakan Pemuda Melayu. Rosli said he Dilks, Private Secretary to the Governor. The had never heard of it, and Bujang explained two accused were then taken to the Police that the party's first object was to sacrifice Station with their weapons. The Attorney- themselves, if necessity arose, because they General produced in Court a small camera, had been resisting for three years without which he said was found on Morshidi, but gaining anything. It was essential to get which could not have been used for taking liberation restored as soon as possible. They pictures as it was broken, the Governor was must take action because the justice they had straightway rushed to hospital and an awaited from the British Government had not operation was performed; the wound, which materialised. Secondly, they must await a was one and a third inches in breadth, had future occasion when they could take precise penetrated three inches. Next morning he was action and assassinate the Governor and other taken, on medical advice, to Singapore, where British officials. Bujang added that there were he died on 10th December. On 5th December about thirteen members of the society and both accused made confessions. The gave their "names. Attorney-General said that, as far as the first Later, Rosli went on, he was hailed by accused, Rosli, was concerned, he had been Rambli, who asked him to come to his house, caught in the act of murdering the Governor and that was all it was necessary to say. As to where he was told about the Governor's Morshidi, the evidence would show, Mr. impending visit. Rosli suggested that they Grattan-Bellew submitted, that the two should put up posters as they had done in the accused were acting on an agreement having past, but Rambli replied:- "It is useless to carry the common intention of killing the Governor on the old style of opposition; it is like awaiting and that Morshidi assisted in carrying out the rain of gold from heaven. We must remember that freedom is certainly in our hands if we are

50 ready to sacrifice ourselves." Rambli said them that they would take an oath in the form there was no better person to sacrifice than the of drinking water; what was said at the Governor. When Rosli expostulated that this meeting must not be repeated to anybody, and was a difficult affair, Rambli answered:- "On whoever related what was said would commit the contrary, it is a very easy one. If we kill the a mortal sin and would be cursed. Rambli then Governor, our country will quickly regain said, according to the statement. "We have freedom, and we will certainly receive an been fighting for three years and have not yet honourable name which will be known by all recovered our country, Sarawak. Now the within and without the country." He added time has come when we must assassinate the that Rosli was the best person to do the deed Governor and the Resident, but the exact time because he was young and still in school and we do not know. There must be this because of this Government would have no assassination that our country may revert to suspicion. Rambli added that, if Rosli got into the status quo ante." He (Morshidi) was very frightened at hearing this statement and trouble and was imprisoned, he (Rambli) remained silent, as did the others. Rambli said would definitely assist him. On this occasion that the meeting would be named the Rosli would not agree to act. "Thirteen essential ingredients". The A week later Rambli came to his house statement went on to say that on the last visit of and, after cigarettes had been handed round, the Governor, Sir Charles Arden-Clarke, they he repeated what he had said before. Rosli did not decide to do anything. said that they should have another meeting, and Rambli said no more. They eventually Morshidi's statement then referred to a parted, but at 5 p.m. that evening, when Rosli meeting which took place in a public school at went on his bicycle to the mosque, he was Sibu on the Thursday before the Governor's called by Rambli, who was in nearby house. arrival. He was called to the meeting by a There was further conversation and, after five circular which was sent by Rosli, who opened minutes' thought, Rosli said that he was the meeting by saying that he and Rambli had preparing himself for the deed. agreed to the step which they intended to take Rosli's statement then described other to kill the Governor. He wished to select two meetings which took place in the three days friends to join him. He chose Morshidi. Mor- prior to the arrival of the Governor in Sibu. shidi protested that the affair must be carefully At 6 a.m. on the 3rd December, Rosli went thought out, but Rosli assured him that Rambli to Morshidi's house and discussed approved the proposal and would be responsi- arrangements. The statement continued:- "I ble for Court proceedings, were they arrested. returned home and took a bath and The statement later described a meting at refreshment. I then dressed and took with me the P.P.M. Club on the evening of 2nd Decem- one camera and one knife. I went to the ber. At the end Rambli called to Morshidi to go Methodist School, fell in with them and with him to the bazaar, and there Rambli said marched to the Offices, where we were drawn to him and Rosli:- "This is your opportunity. up in front of the main office. Morshidi was You kill the Governor on his arrival." Rambli standing close by and I called him over and added that, if the two did not do the deed, he gave him the camera." Rosli then described himself must do it. On his way home Morshidi the attack thus:- "When the Governor came called for a short while at a house where a abreast of me, I took the knife from my pocket dance was going on. Morshidi's statement and dived at the Governor. Morshidi concluded with a description of his part in the advanced with me. When I first tried to stab attack. the Governor, I did not hit him. I saw the police After the two statements, each of which were about to seize me and I threw my knife at totalled about 2,000 words, had been read in the Governor. I was straightway seized and I Court, Rosli went into the witness box and do not know whether the knife got the confirmed in a firm, unemotional voice that his Governor or not." statement was all correct. He added, in reply Morshidi bin Sidek's statement started by to a question by Mr. Pike, defending, that he describing a meeting which took place "over a was sorry for what he had done; he had been year ago". He was taken by Rambli to a house pushed into doing it by Rambli, but he was where he saw "a qreat number of friends". now reallu sorry for himself and put himself af- The statement described how, after a passage file mercy of the Court. Morshidi, who fol- from the Koran had been read, Rambli told lowed him into the box, nodded when he was

51 asked if his statement was correct. He also said cused guilty, they could make such recom- that he was sorry for What he had done and mendations for clemency as they deemed fit. said that he had been pestered by Rosh and But they must bear in mind that an innocent Rambli. He asked the Court to have pity on man was done to death and that either of the him. accused could have reported the matter to In his speech for the defence, Mr. Pike Government and saved the deceased's life. It asked the Court to take into consideration the had appeared in evidence that at one stage in youth and impressionability of the accused the plotting Rambli said that, if the accused and suggested that they had been talked into would not do the deed, then he would do it their action by Rambli. He spoke of the back- himself. "You may ask yourselves why they ground of the Japanese occupation, "when a did not leave it to Rambli", the Judge con- true appreciation of values and a proper cluded. appreciation of law and order" was lacking; The assessors were out of Court for barely the accused, who were children when the ten minutes and, on returning, they each told Japanese came, had very little chance of Judge Lascelles in turn that they found both growing up. Mr. Pike finally asked the Court the accused guilty. There were no recom- to take into consideration the way the accused mendations to mercy. The accused were then had helped the Crown and that they had been found guilty by the Judge. driven to do what they had by a "discredited Rosli then made a statement standing in Government servant who has not the courage the dock. His voice was firm and storng, but he to act for himself and drives small innocent was obviously labouring under strong emo- people to do his dirty work for him." tion. He said he realised he had done wrong, The day's proceeding closed with a short admitted his guilt and asked for clemency. If it summing-up by the Attorney-General. had not been for Rambli, he would have done When the Court resumed on the following nothing. He added that, if the Court would not morning, Judge Lascelles summed up for the give him clemency, he would ask for the mat- five assesors sitting with him. He said it was ter to be considered by the Supreme Council almost certain that never before in the history in Kuching. of Sarawak had there been a case in Court Morshidi then spoke in similar vein, but which had aroused the interest that this had said that both Rambli and RosU had instigated done. He advised the assessors that, although him and that he was afraid and gave in. they might have heard much discussion about Finally Judge Lascelles passed sentence. the killing of the Governor, they must view the He said to the two accused:- "You may have case with open minds and must now allow hoped to achieve names for yourselves and outside opinion to affect their judgement, as you have done so. Your names will go down in they had been asked to serve as assessors so the history of Sarawak as the two men who that he (the Judge) might have the benefit of cowardly murdered an innocent man, a man their considered opinion. He then made cer- who a few weeks earlier at his inauguration in tain legal explanations and, after reviewing Kuching as Governor had dedicated himself to briefly the proceedings of the trial, made this the furtherance of the interests of the country point. Mr. Pike, for the defence, had stressed, and the people. The Malay people in Sarawak he said, that the event would not have taken have a fine record of service and loyalty, and I place without the instigation of Awang Ramb- am sure all decent Malays will regard this li, that it was entirely due to that man's influ- deed as a blot on that record, and that your ence that the deed was carried out. He must names will be regarded by future generations direct them that the fact that the accused with abhorrence." After saying that the law might have acted under the influence of some- provided but one penalty for the offence of one else was no legal defence to a murder which they had been convicted, the Judge charge. He added that, if they found the ac- sentenced both accused to death by hanging.

52 The Sibu Conspiracy Case Preliminary Inquiry

Ten Malays, all of them members of the object was to promote anti-cession feeling in Pergerakan Pemuda Melayu (P.P.M.), who Sarawak. Among the fourteen were the Presi- were arrested on a charge of conspiracy to dent and the General Secretary of the society. murder, following the attack on the late Gover A few months before the Governor was nor at Sibu on the 3rd December, appeared in murdered, another man was brought into the Court on the afternoon of the 6th January, conspiracy by Rambli and Bujang; this was when the preliminary inquiry began before Rosli, who had that morning been convicted of Mr F.B.K. Drake at Sibu. The accused persons the murder of the Governor. After briefly were:- narrating the events that had led up to the attack on the Governor, the Attorney-General 1. Awang Rambli bin Mohammed Deli, said that the date of the meeting and the aged about 38. General Secretary of the names of those present were known because P.P.M. Born in Brooketon (Brunei), one of the conspirators had recorded them in joined the Sarawak Customs Depart- his diary. ment in July, 1929, and resigned in 1946. After Professor Mekie's evidence had been 2. Abang Han bin Abang Ahmat, aged 25. taken, the Court adjourned till Monday, the Employed in Sarawak Oilfields Limited 9th January, when the inquiry was resumed laboratory at Lutong. and lasted till mid-day on Thursday, the 12th. 3. Bujang bin Suntong, aged 58. Casual The most important evidence was that given labourer. by the two men convicted of the Governor's 4. Awang Osman bin Awang Mat, aged 48. murder, Rosli and Morshidi, each of whom Rubber tapper. spent a whole morning in the witness box. The 5. Osman bin Abdullah, aged 40. Rubber chain of events revealed by the prosecution tapper and formerly syce. witnesses was as follows:- 6. Morni bin Jurit, aged 30. Rubber tapper. In August, 1948, one Tambek bin Adon 7. Chee (alias Osman) bin Mohammed, was employed by Mr Marjoribanks to move aged 28. Formerly electrician. into his empty house, "Journey's End'' in Tele- 8. Abang Ahmat bin Abang Haji Abu phone Road, and to act as caretaker. A few Bakar, aged 23. Rubber gardener. days later he was approached by the accused 9. Wan Zen bin Wan Abdullah, aged 20. Awang Rambli, Bujang and Abang Han and Rubber tapper. by Mohammed Sirat, President of the P.P.M., 10. Jack bin Haji Usop, aged 17. Temporary and asked to lend the house for a makan ulap. clerk in National Registration Office, This duly took place on the 20th August. Sibu. Those present included all ten accused and Mohammed Sirat, Morshidi, Amin bin Jenal The inquiry opened four hours after Rosli and Tambek himself, and a radio was brought and Morshidi had been sentenced to death in from the P.P.M. Club. the same room for the murder of the Governor, in order that Professor D.E.C. Mekie, Professor All these persons went into a room, where of Clinical Surgery, Singapore, might give his Awang Rambli addressed them. He said that evidence relating to the Governor's death and they were the leaders of the anti-cession then return to Singapore. movement in Sibu. They had fought against The case for the prosecution was con- the cession for a long time, but with no result. ducted by the Attorney-General (Mr A.J. The Rajah Muda Anthony Brooke was refused Grattan-Bellew). In his opening statement he admittance to Sarawak because the Governor said that evidence would be called to show continued to advise London that his return that in August, 1948, a conspiracy took place. would cause trouble. It was therefore neces- Fourteen people, including the ten in the sary to take action in order that the British dock, met in a house in Sibu and there con- Government might know their wishes, and spired to murder the Governor and other offi- this action must take the form of killing the cials. They were all members of the P.P.M., Governor, the Resident, other British officials which was a purely political society whose and the elderly Malays who supported the

53 British Government. He himself, said Awang On the 26th November, 1949, according to Rambli, would take the Governor. The Rosli's statement, he was cycling past Awang meeting agreed on the action proposed, and Rambli's house, when the latter called him up, various members accepted responsibility for and told him that the Governor would be visit- killing the Resident, the Datu and others. ing Sibu on the 3rd December. He said that, in Awang Rambli impressed on those present spite of posters to the effect that a Governor the need for extreme secrecy and said that was not wanted, the British Government had anyone who gave information of what had sent out a new Governor, and means must be been discussed would be accursed. It was found to wipe him out or Sarawak's fight for decided to take an oath (the ayeryasin). Water independence would seem useless in the eyes was sent for, the accused Wan Zen read the of the world. "We know," said Awang Rambli, yasin and all present took a sip of the water. It "that the Government is collecting taxes from was decided to call the party "Rukun tiga- us, and the money is being used for building belas," as there were thirteen members in bungalows and houses for white men, but our addition to Awang Rambli, the leader. (Rukun kampong roads have not been repaired. A tiga-belas are the thirteen essentials which final settlement must be made by killing the must be included in a prayer, according to Governor, and after this I fully believe that the Moslem practice, if the prayer is to be effec- complete independence at which we have tive). The objects of the party were stated to be been aiming will become effective. If we do (1) to kill the Governor and the other persons not carry this out, our good way of living will mentioned above and (2) to spread propa- be endangered. We have waited four years for ganda among the Malay youth to persuade our independence and it is just like waiting for them to join in the killing. If any member de- golden rain to fall from the sky (hujan mas signated to perform a killing refused to do so turun dari langit). I ask you, the Malay youth, or withdrew, he was to be killed before the to play your part in the killing of the Governor. persons listed. If a youth undertakes this, the Government Notebooks found in the possession of the will have no suspicion." Rosli demurred and accused Abang Han contained a list of the Awang Rambli told him that now was the persons present at the meeting of 20th August, chance for him to make a name for himself. 1948. There was also a list of persons to be The next day, however, Awang Rambli came killed, which appeared to have been written at to the Sekolah Ra'ayat, where Rosli was teach- an earlier date. These latter were:- ing, and again urged him to undertake the deed. Eventually Rosli agreed and Awang "Datuk Abang Yan Tuan Large Rambli thanked him and suggested that he Abang Razak Willie Geikie should ask the accused Bujang or Morshidi or Abang Mentrang Abang Kiprawi, N.O. Moss bin Takip to assist him. Abang Ibrahim Abang Mustapha, N.O. Rosli called a meeting at the Sekolah Inspector Dahlan Abang Morshidi, N.O. Ra'ayat on the 1st December, at which Sarikei." Morshidi, Moss and certain other witnesses were present. Rosli said, that Awang Rambli There was also a smaller list of persons to be had asked him to kill the Governor on his attacked (di-pukul). These entries were arrival in Sibu, and had said that he (Awang confirmed by Abang Han in a statement which Rambli) would support him in any Court pro- he made before the District Court Magistrate, ceedings that might result. He called for vo- Mr A.C. Waine. Mr Waine proved the lunteers, but only Morshidi was willing. After statement in Court. leaving the meeting he went with Morshidi to No immediate action was taken. Some of Bujang's house and asked him to assist; the witnesses stated that this was due to the Bujang, however, advised waiting for four or opposition of Mohammed Sirat, President of five days, when the Governor could be killed the P.P.M., to the taking of blood. in the kampong, where there would be many Some four months before the murder Rosli of the British officials and elderly Malays also bin Dobi, Assistant Secretary of the P.P.M., present. But Rosli said he could not wait. was informed by the accused Bujang bin Suntong of the existence of the Rukun tiga- On two occasions on the following day, belas and its objects, and the need for secrecy said Rosli, Awang Rambli met him, to confirm was impressed on him. him in his resolve and to assure him of his

54 support in any Court proceedings. A meeting The Magistrate said that evidence had was held in the P.P.M. Club that evening, and been adduced tending to show that all the when it was over Awang Rambli went off with accused were present at a meeting held in Rosli, Morshidi and some others. Awang Telephone Road on the 20th August, 1948, at Rambli finally obtained Morshidi's ag ree- which it was agreed to murder the Governor of ment to take part in the murder, telling him Sarawak and others. One of the parties to this that this was an order from the Rukun tiga- meeting, according to the evidence, had been belas and that, if he refused to obey, Awang convicted in the Second Circuit Court of the Rambli must take action against him. The murder of the Governor. In the present pro- following morning the attack on the Governor ceedings a great deal of evidence had also took place. been brought to show that another party, The Attorney-General, closing his case on Awang Rambli, was active in promoting the the 12th January, submitted that the evidence murder. The Magistrate explained section showed that a conspiracy had taken place on 120A of the penal Code, which states that, the 20th August, 1948, to which the ten when two or more persons agree to do, or accused and others were parties — a conspira- cause to be done, an illegal act, such an agree- cy to murder, if apportunity allowed, the ment is designated a criminal conspiracy. He Governor and other officials. A year later Rosli, accordingly framed the following charge by his agreement, joined the conspiracy and against all the accused:- became one of the conspirators. As a result of "That you on or about the 20th August, this conspiracy, the late Governor was mur- 1948, did at a house in Telephone Road, Sibu, dered. When there is a conspiracy, said the known as "Journey's End," conspire with Attorney-General, each conspirator is liable other persons to murder His Excellency the for acts done by the other conspirators in pur- Governor of Sarawak and others, and that as a suance of the common ends of the conspiracy, result of the conspiracy His Excellency the and it is immaterial whether he was at the Governor was in fact murdered on the 3rd place where the murder was committed or December, 1949." whether he had any knowledge of when the All ten accused elected to reserve their de- particular murder was going to be; his liability fence, and were committed for trial before the continues until he dissociates himself from the Circuit Court. conspiracy.

Rosly bin Dhobie under arrest in Sibu, December 1949, after totally stabbing Governor Duncan Stewart in an anti-cession protest. L/C Natu Laid To Rest With Military Honours DETERMINATION TO RID LAWLESS ELEMENTS STRENGTHEN Lance Corporal Natu of the Sarawak Constabulary who was cold-bloodedly killed while on duty in the early hours of Wednesday morning at the 27th Mile- stone, Kuching/Serian Road, was yesterday laid to rest in the Malay Community ceme- tery with full military honours. The coffin of the deceased was brought over from Across River shortly after 9.30 a.m. draped with a Union Jack and carried by a group of his brother officers and followed by his widow, and relatives. A guard of honour was mounted at the Pangkalan Batu and as the coffin was carried past the men stood at attention. The Sarawak Consta- bulary Band marked the commencement of the solemn procession when it marched forward playing the solemn funeral march. Immediately behind the Band walked the Acting Chief Secretary Mr J.H. Ellis, the Resident First Division, Mr W.P.L.N. Ditmas, the Acting Attorney General, Mr R.H. Hickling, The Datu Bandar, the Secre- tary for Chinese Affairs, Mr T.P. Cromwell, Mr Ong Hap Leong, Mr C.O. Adams, Mr H. Bomphrey and Abang Mustapha. Then came the coffin carried by 10 police- men in Mosque Parade uni- form, followed by the widow and relatives of the deceased and behind them marched 11 inspectors and more than 240 members of the Sarawak Constabulary. The cortege arrived at the cemetery at 10.20 a.m. and

56 last rites were performed by Haji Bol, Belal of the Malay Mosque. Speaking at the graveside, the Commissioner of Police, Mr P.J. Shannon said "Today the members of the Sarawak Con- stabulary, Government and the law abiding people of this country mourn the loss of a loyal and brave member of the Sarawak Constabulary. Lance Corporal Natu was murdered in cold ways be proud. I wish to express with his wife and fami- ly the sincere sympathy of ev- ery member of the Sarawak Constabulary. A two-minute silence was observed when the bugle cal- led the "Last Post" and "Rouse". Wreaths were sent by the Commissioner and Officers of the Sarawak Constabulary; the Commissioner, Inspectors and members of the Sarawak Constabulary; Squad No. 1, Police Training School; and the Fire Brigade Staff. Lance Corporal Natu, who leaves behind a widow and four children, was 33 years of age. He joined the Sarawak Consta- bulary in 1937 giving him a re- cord of more than fifteen years

57 Visits of His Excellency the Governor to Sibu and Brunei

His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by his Hon. A.D.C., Abang Othman, and the Private Secretary, left Kuching for Sibu on Tuesday, 18th April by "La Follette" and, after a smooth voyage, arrived at Sibu at 9.00 a.m. the following day. The Honourable the Resident, Third Division, (Mr J.C.H. Barcroft) met His Excellency at Bukit Lau which is about an hour's journey from Sibu. His Excellency was recieved by a Guard of Honour and was met at the jetty by Mr A.C. Waine (District Officer Sibu), Mr K.S. Leeston-Smith (O.S.S., Sibu), Mr J. Pike (Acting District Officer Binatang), Mr J.F. Drake-Brockman (District Officer Kanowit), Mr I.A.N. Urquhart (Acting District Officer Kapit) and by the Hon. Mr L.K. Morse, Resident-Desig- nate Third Division. After walking through lines of welcoming school children, His Excellency went to the Government Offices, where he heard requests in court and where addresses of welcome were presented. His Excellency also received the leading members of the Malay, Dayak and Chinese communities, speaking personally to everyone who came. He presented Mr Geok Lin with the insignia of the M.B.E. conferred on the latter for service as an outstanding member of the Sibu community — a long citation was read before the presentation was made. In the evening, His Excellency was entertained at a drinks party, to which members of all communities were invited, and afterwards he dined at the Residency. On Thursday, the 20th, His Excellency attended the Divisional Council meeting during its morning session and said good-bye to all members before his departure for Brunei at midday.

58 Visit of His Excellency the Governor to Coastal Districts 1953

His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by the Private Secretary, embarked in the Mermaid at Pending at 2.00 p.m. on 12th July and after a short stop to visit Kidurong arrived at dawn on the 14th July off Kuala Sibuti where he was met by the Honourable the Acting Resident, Fourth Divi- sion (Mr A.F.R. Griffin), the Acting District Officer, Miri (Mr E.G. White) and the Assistant Superintendent of Police (Mr R.W. Gambrill). Off Kuala Bintulu, His Excellency trans- ferred once more to the Lorna Doone and reached Bintulu about 3.00 p.m. in a driving rainstorm. He was met by the Acting District Officer (Mr P. Scanlon) and his wife, and by Senior Native Officer (Abang Zainudin) and Native Officer (Abang Adenan), and after in- specting a smart Guard of Honour and the school children and being introduced to the local dignitaries, he went to the District Offi- cer's bungalow. With much trepidation Mr and Mrs Scanlon decided to have the scheduled garden party in their garden and not in the house, and mercifully the weather played up and His Excellency was able to meet represen- tatives of all communities at a most successful party which well repaid the hard work that had obviously been put into it. Throughout the party a new but promising local band was performing. His Excellency had a well-cooked dinner with the Kapitan China and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and then went to the new and very fine Malay School to watch a banasawan and have refreshments.

59 Governor's Broadcast On The Royal Visit To Sarawak

A few days ago His Excellency the Gover- "At Batu Lintang, in Kuching, they will nor recorded an address at the Astana on the visit the Teachers' Training College. During occasion of the visit to Sarawak and Brunei of the war, Batu Lintang was a Japanese intern- Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Kent ment camp. Now, in the same building but in a and the Duke. An official of Radio Malaya flew very, very different atmosphere, nearly two over from Singapore specially for this purpose. hundred students from all the races of The text of the address which follows was Sarawak, are learning to be teachers. The scheduled to be broadcast last night over College is a remarkable,'perhaps unique, Radio Malaya at 7.15 local time. example of human and spiritual co-operation. "Tomorrow morning the Sunderland The Principal has a distinguished record of flying boat bearing Their royal Highnesses the service in the Royal Air force during the war. Duchess of Kent and the Duke of Kent will His two assistant Principals are a Minister of touch down at a small place called Pending, on the Church of England and a Father of the a wide stretch of the Sarawak River a few Catholic Church, and there is a Muslim Kathi miles downstream from Kuching, the capital of also on the staff. this country. Pending is where sea-going "At Sibu, the second town of Sarawak, Her vessels bound for Kuching wait for the tide. Royal Highness will open the new Out Patient "Sarawak, was for more than a hundred Department of the Lau Kheng Howe Hospital, years, under the beneficent personal rule of and in Kuching, she will lay the Foundation the Brooke Rajahs, but after the liberation Stone of the new Anglican Cathedral there. from Japanese occupation it was ceded by the The new Cathedral is being built to celebrate, Rajah to the British Crown. in 1955, the centenary of the first installation, "In the sic years that have passed since at the invitation of the first Rajah, of an then, communications and transport, and all Anglican bishop in Sarawak. the advantages they bring, have developed "When Tlf&ir Royal Highnesses leave fast, both within Sarawak and with the outside Sarawak they will fly to Brunei Town, the world, and now opportunities are being given capital of the ancient State of Brunei, and to the country. When the Rajahs ruled, they there they will be received and entertained by and their officers were concerned above all to His Highness the Sultan of Brunei. During keep in close personal touch with the people their stay in this country the Royal visitors will and their needs. Since July 1946, when the last also go to Seria on the coast of Brunei to Rajah left Sarawak, it has been the policy of inspect the great oilfields, there. They will see the Government to continue this long and wise the tremendous developments which have tradition. taken place since the end of the war. Their "Both Sarawak and her neighbour, the oilfield is the largest oil producing centre in sovereign State of Brunei, which Their Royal the British Commonwealth, and in the town of Highnesses, are also visiting, have long held Seria men, perhaps of as many different races in high regard the principle of hereditary rule, as are collected together anywhere in the and it is therefore with unique pleasure that world, work together in harmony and in an we in these two countries look forward to this, excellently designed modern town. the first visit in our history, of a Princess and a "From Kuala Belait, near Seria, the Duke Prince of the Royal House of Britain and the and Duchess and their party will fly back to Commonwealth. Singapore and it is my hope, shared, I am sure, "When the Duchess of Kent and her son, by all the people of Sarawak and Brunei that the Duke, come to Sarawak, they will be re- the deep pleasure and great benefit their visit ceived with flags and music, with the tradi- will confer upon us will also, in a large mea- tional dances of the Dayaks and the Chinese, sure, be felt in their hearts, and have made this the Malays, the Kayans and the Kenyahs, and part of their long and arduous journey well with many other, manifestations of the warmth worth while." of our welcome. But they will not leave us History was made in Sarawak yesterday without also seeing concrete evidence of the morning when at 12.05 p.m. the Royal Air progress this country is making. Force Sunderland touched down at Pending

60 Her Royal Highness about to enter the Astana Barge yesterday morning after, her arrival at Kuching. and Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of amongst the expectant crowd. Kent and the young Duke of Kent set foot on At 12.35 p.m. sharp the Royal Party from Sarawak soil. This is the first time in the history Pending arrived and turned into Pangkalan of Sarawak that any member of the Royal Batu. Heads earned forward to catch a glimpse Family has visited the country. of Their Royal Highnesses who were in the The population of Kuching turned out first car. As the cars came to a stop His early to prepare themselves for the Royal wel- Excellency the Governor, attended by his come. Finishing touches to the decorations in A.D.C. stepped out of the car. His Royal High- the town were completed the day before and ness the Duke of Kent then stepped out and as dawn broke over the town yesterday mor- finally Her Royal Highness the Duchess of ning there was distinctly an air of festivity Kent. Her Royal Highness wore a pale pink everywhere. dress with a hat of the same colour, pearl Vessels in port were dressed; Union Jacks earrings and of three ropes of pearls. and Sarawak flags and coloured bunting The Bishop of Borneo, the Rt. Rev Nigel fluttered gaily in the morning breeze, ever- Cornwall, the Chief Secretary, Mr R.G. greens and palms contributed a colour of Aikman, C.M.G., and the Commission of freshness to the gaily decorated arches in the Police, Mr P.J. Shannon were then presented bazaar, shophouses and institutions. The to Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess and weather was exceptionally fine and there was the Duke. thankfulness in the hearts of many especially The National Anthem was played and then after the wet' experience in the past few days. Her Royal Highness inspected the Guard of As the time drew nearer to be expected Honour. Her Royal Highness then joined His arrival of the Royal Party crowds began to Excellency and the party at the steps of the gather behind the police cordon drawn up Pangkalan Batu. Before leaving for the round the Secretariat building. The crowds, Astana, Her Royal Highness graciously numbering thousands, comprising a really paused at the steps of the Pangkalan Batu cosmopolitan gathering, were mainly formed while press photographers took pictures. of the town's population but at one corner of Their Royal Highnesses and His the Secretariat compound could be seen a Excellency then left the Pangkalan Batu in the group of outstation representatives in their Astana barge followed by the other members colourful and novel attires and head-dresses. of the Royal Party, Lady Rachel Davidson, The Guard of Honour mounted by the. Lord Althorp, Mr Philip hay and Major Buckle. Sarawak Constabulary and the Sarawak Con- As Her Royal Highness stepped into the stabulary Band took up position in front of the Astana barge the native representatives from Brooke Memorial and when they were called the outstations who were among the specta- to attention at 12.30 p.m., a sudden hush fell tors, chanted a native welcome song.

61 The prize winning Pompous and Noble' arch at Padungan Road, being inspected by Her Highness during her tour round Kuching town.

Thousands of people from the town, kam- take pictures of the Duchess shaking hands pongs, rural areas and from the remote arid speaking to some of the leaders of the villages of Sarawak lined up behind the Police community as they stood under the arches. cordon in the gaily decorated streets in the Long before the Royal Party ferried across town and the kampongs areas when Her Royal the Sarawak River from the Astana to the Highness, the Duchess of Kent toured Pangkalan Batu crowds of spectators took Kuching town yesterday morning during the their places round the Sectariat building. The second day of the Royal visit to Sarawak. Royal Party accompanied by the Governor, Sir Thousands of school children from almost Anthony Abell arrived at the Pangkalan Batu every school in Kuching waved Union Jacks as just after nine o'clock. Her Royal Highness's the Royal cars passed by. Union Jacks, some Standard fluttered on the bonnet of the car as Sarawak flags and brightly coloured banners Her Royal Highness began her tour of the fluttered in the tropical morning breeze and town from the Pangkalan Batu into'Gambier everywhere along the route of the Royal tour Road where she passed under the first arch, there was an atmosphere of festivity. and all along the streets school children Strict measures were also being carried out waved flags as the Royal Party passed by. and Policemen and Auxiliary Policemen lined The first person to shake hand with Her up in front of the crowded spectators in almost Royal Highness was Lembong bin Bujang every ten feet along the route of the Royal tour when the Duchess made her first stop to have a right up to Batu Lintang Teachers Training good view of an arch at Kampong No. 3, Datu's College where the tour ended. Road. The others were Abg. Amin bin Abg. Hj. The Royal Party passed by gaily decorated Drahim and Abang Kushairi bin Abg. Dawi. arches at the main streets of the town and on The attractive appearance of the decorations many sections of the roads in the kampong at Kampong No. 4, Datu's Road attracted Her areas along Datu's Road, Green Road and Royal Highness and here also she stopped. Satok Road and as Her Royal Highness Brightly clad Malay girls, boys, men and stopped to see some of the impressive arches, women lined up the road from the junction of press correspondents, photographers and the Mosque Road and Datu's Road right up to the Malayan Film Unit camera men who were junction of Satok Road and Green Road and travelling behind the Royal Party rushed to they waved as the Royal Party passed by.

62 HRH Inspects Training College Personal of Youth Bodies and Social Service Presented. Her Royal Highness also stopped at the James, Mr Chew Oui Cheng. Her Highness attractive arch at Padungan Road and shook also inspected the British Red Cross Am- hands with Mr Quek Siak Hong who was in bulance and paused to talk to Mrs Barbara traditional Chinese apparel. Before Her Royal Bay. Highness proceeded to Batu Lintang she Her Royal Highness then carried out an stopped awhile at the arch at the cross roads of inspection of the Training College, visiting Rock Road and Carpenter Street. first the Reception Room where tea was Lovely weather and the clean and neat en- served, and then later inspected the recreation vironments at the Batu Lintang Teachers hut, the sick bay, the carpentry hut, the dormi- Training College presented a perfect setting tories, concert room and a class room before for the visit of Her Royal Highness the Duchess calling in the Office where Her Royal High- of Kent yesterday morning. ness signed her name in a specially prepared The Sarawak Constabulary Band, under page of the College Log book, to comme- the baton of Mr A.D. Bisset, played the Na- morate the visit. tional Anthem immediately after Her Royal During the inspection tour her Royal High- Highness in a grey and white striped cotton ness was given a special entertainment of dress and a large white straw hat stepped out Malay dancing and sea-Dayak dancing by the of the car on arrival at the College grounds at students of the Centre. The Principal, Mr J.K. 10.15 a.m. Her Royal Highness was accom- Wilson, conducted Her Royal Highness on the panied by His Excellency the Governor and inspection tour and he said afterwards that attended by Lady Rachel Davidson, and Major Her Royal Highness was very much impressed Buckle. with the principle of the Centre in preserving Contingents of the Girl Guides, the Life- traditional art of the country and also with the guards, the Boy Scouts, the British Red Cross various native designs and handicraft. Mr Society (Sarawak Branch) and th Police Wilson told the Tribune that Her Royal High- Service Corps stood information in the ness is 'most charming and puts one grounds of the College and Her Royal High- immediately at ease.' ness then made an inspection of parade of The following gentlemen were presented these organisations. to Her Royal Highness: Mr H. Earnshaw, The following people were presented to Director of Education, Mr J.K. Wilson, Rev. Fr. Her Royal Highness: Girl Guides: Mrs Ella A.D. Galvin, Rev. Fr. D.R. Rawlins, Chegu Leach (Commissioner), Miss Mary Ong, Che Abang bin Said, Mr Wong Syn Ted, Mr John Nyachi binte Ah, Miss W. Dixen-Lennett, Miss Timban, Chegu Wan Zain. Melly Carroll; Lifeguards: Major E.C. Willis of Her Royal Highness and party left the the Salvation Army; Boy Scouts: Mr R.H. Training Centre at 11.00 a.m. amidst the Hickling (Chief Commissioner), Mr Yeo cheers of the members of the Voluntary or- Cheng Hoe, Mr Lee Part, Mr Raymond Reggie ganisations, the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Adai, Mr Zainuddin bin Mat; Red Cross: Mrs and the students of the school who sang their Phyllis Kennedy (Colony President), Mr A.P. school song. Charles, Miss Zena Zehnder, Mrs Margery

63 Photograph by Atlas & Son The Duchess inspecting the Girl Guides at Bum Lintang with the Colony Commissioner Mrs D.L. Leach.

Photograph bv Anna' Studio The Duchess at Batu Lintang with Chief Commissioner Mr R.H. Hickling inspecting the Boy Scouts

64 Duchess Peforms Laying Of Foundation Stone Ceremony

Her Roval Highness laying the foundation stone of the new Cathedral Kuching. Photograph by Anna Studio

The foundation Stone of the new spirit of humble thanksgiving and burning Cathedral of St. Thomas was yesterday faith that we are gathered here this afternoon afternoon laid in a ceremony graciously for this ceremony. This is the first act which performed by Her Royal Highness the truly inaugurates the celebration of the Duchess of Kent; watched in fascination by a Centenary of the Diocese, and we look back over the past 100 years with humble large number of spectators numbering nearly thanksgiving. Next Saturday Oct. 18 is the a thousand. 79th anniversary, and our act today ignites the The weather was ideal and though there fuse which leads directly to what we hope will was a slight drizzle later it was well past the be a great celebration in 1955. performance of the ceremony, thereby proving the old Chinese saying that "the star We look with affection and wonder at the of Royalty is always bright". achievement of the first Bishop before he By 3.40 p.m. yesterday afternoon became a Bishop, in the building of our old St. everybody was in position and five minutes Thomas's Church in 1849. We remember with before the arrival of Her Royal Highness and deep admiration the faith with which he then His Excellency, the procession of Clergy, built-before there was any Christian in the headed by the Choir (in their new uniform) left land. We remember with gratitude the labours the "People's Clinic" to take up position on the of those who have served here in succeeding matted raised dais. generations, extending and beautifying the Her Royal Highness, in a frock of light blue old Church, and filling it with prayer and love. and a small hat of the same colour to match, "Others before us have aimed at a new arrived with His Excellency the Governor and Cathedral but have had to postpone the day. was received by the Lord Bishop of Borneo We, in our generation, are driven to the work: who presented the Vicar, the Rev. S. J.E. Peach firstly any really adequate repair to the old to Her Royal Highness. structure after its war-time damage would cost The National Anthem was followed by the so large a sum as to be uneconomical. singing of the first hymn and prayers were Secondly we have now outgrown the old then said by the Vicar. The Lesson was read by building and there is no further room on that the Ven. A.W. Stonton, Archdeacon of site for extension; we need more room for the Sarawak. This was followed by the Dedication growing family which gathers here to worship of the Stone by the Bishop and a hymn God. followed. It was in faith that Mac-Dougall in 1849 set His Lordship, in his address said "It is in a his hand to the building of St. Thomas's

65 Church. of new birth, and of hope, at a period in the It is in faith we today set our hands to the world's history when to look forward with task of building a new Cathedral; thi must be courage is of tremendous importance to us all; large enough for the second hundred years, and it is with the greatest pleasure that my and it must keep step with the other short visit to your beautiful country gives me developments in this town of Kuching and the opportunity of undertaking this ceremony Diocese of Borneo. We are not ignorant of the today. magnitude of the task; but we rejoice that we "During the last fifty years we have have the great privilege of playing our part, witnessed the spread of mistrust between not in patching something old and somewhat peoples of all nations, culminating in two wars of a Museum piece, but in the building of a with all their dreadful consequences, and at beautiful Cathedral, suitable for our needs this very moment the growth of materialism, and at the same time proclaiming to all who and the forces of evil, threaten man's look upon it that this God is our God for ever existance and ever, that in Him resides all Truth, all "With all their strength men of goodwill goodness; and that in the Cross, which in due are working to prevent the recurrence of yet course will surmount the whole edifice is our another tragedy of this kind; but there is, I am glory and our victory. certain, only one sure way out of our "To Her Royal Highness we shall ever be difficulties, and that is a return to the humble grateful for the signal honour which she has way of faith, which is the only foundation for beep graciously pleased to bestow upon us. It our lives. was the first Rajah who called for the Christian "In England we are fortunate in possessing Church to come to his land, who gave to the a splendid legacy of Cathedrals and Churches Church this site, and who encouraged Mac- bequeathed to us by our forefathers; buildings Dougall in the formidable task of building a of great age and supreme beauty, they are the Church wherein at first only a tiny handful work of many hands who have adorned and gathered to worship. It seems wholly fitting added to them as generation has succeeded that on the first visit of a member of the Royal generation. Their beauty symbolises the faith Family to Sarawak your Royal Highness in which our fathers lived and worked; here should be here today to give us in our too, your first Bishop worked with the same generation the encouragement that we need spirit of devotion, building not for himself, but as we face our great task. With that for the glory of God, and the well-being of his encouragement, strong in the faith of our Lord people. Jesus Christ, we will build humbly, bravely, "I rejoice therefore that I am able to be with confidently and well upon the stone which I you this afternoon, and to witness the first now ask your Royal Highness to lay." stage in the construction of this great building; it is my earnest hope that all Christians in this On the conclusion of his address the Bishop diocese, and Christians throughout, the world, then invited Her Royal Highness to lay the will unite in their support of the work which Stone. The Contractor, Mr William Tan then we have inaugurated today, and by their faith handed over to Her Royal Highness the trowel and generous giving will bring it to a with which she laid the mortar and the triumphant conclusion." representative of the Architect, Mr Angell then handed to Her Royal Highness the mallet When Her Royal Highness concluded her with which she laid the Stone. address the representative of the Architect, Mr Angell presented the silver trowel and the The foundation Stone is engraved: "To the mallet to Her Royal Highness. Glory of God. This Stone Was Laid by Her At the close of the ceremony the following Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent C.I., were presented to Her Royal Highness: The G.C.V.O., G.B.E., on the fifteenth day of Archdeacon of Sarawak, the Ven. A.W. October, 1952, Architects: Nelson, Garton & Stonton; the Architect's representative, Mr F. Co." Angell; the Contractor, Mr William Tan; the Her Royal Highness then graciously members of the New Cathedral Committee; addressed the people. Messrs. Edward Brandah, H.M. Cockle, Ngui "To lay the foundation stone of a new Ah Shin, Chai Ah Japp, Kueh Choo Seng, Lee Cathedral is a great privilege," Her Highness Khi Chung, W.G. Morison, Dennis Law, Yeo said. "I regard it as an act of faith, and a symbol Cheng Hoe and Dr. Tan Sim Poh.

66 Sibu Turns Out Thousands To Welcome royal Visitor. Natives From Rural Areas Join In Loyalty Demonstation.

Not for a long time had Sibu been so gay finery and the Penghulus in their war dress and happy as yesterday morning when the and headgears who were lined up to greet her. population of the Third Division including After a brief rest in the Residency Her many from the Rural areas, the Lower and Royal Highness, in a mustard coloured silk Upper Rejang and the Coastal District turned dress with black spots and small hat of the up to demonstrate their devotion and loyalty to same colour graciously shook hands with fifty the Crown when Her Royal Highness the leading representatives of government, Duchess of Kent paid a flying visit there. commerce and community who were The Sunderland aircraft, carrying foreign presented to her by the Resident. correspondents and photographers arrived at Her Royal Highness had a brief con- Sibu earlier in the morning and found the versation with Temonggong Koh who told her large crowds of officials, representatives of that he had come a long way to welcome her. communities, school children and the public Her Royal Highness said that she would like to ready and expectantly waiting for the Royal visit the Temonggong's house at Kapit but un- arrival. fortunately she had not the time to do so. She The Government Wharf was decorated told him also that she had witnessed Iban with flags, plams and evergreens and school dancing at the Astana. Others who were children lined the path that led to the Royal honoured with short conversation with Her car. Royal Highness were Mr. Teo Chong Loh, Haji At 10.40 a.m. the plane carrying the Royal Zawie, Abang Ahmad, Mr. Sirdram, Mr. and party made a perfect and graceful landing on Mrs. H.P.K. Jacks, Mr. and Mrs. A.J.N. the river. Soon a speedboat conveyed the Richards, Mr. Ling Chee Ming, Datu and Datin Abang Yan, Mr. and Mrs. Dickie, Dr. party to the pontoon and His Excellency the and Mrs. Xavier, Mr. Bumford and Mr. and Governor stepped out, followed by Her Royal Mrs. Igantius Klumai. Highness and the rest of the party. Her Royal Highness in a pink dress and hatless, The tour of the Kampongs and the Bazaar proceeded to the wharf and the Resident, took place after the presentation. Union Jacks, Third Division, Mr. D.C. White was presented bunting, palms, evergreens could be seen to her by the Governor. The Royal entourage everywhere while a number of arches were walked along the maited path to the also erected. Smiling and happy faces greeted Residency. Her Royal Highness paused at the the Royal Party along the route which they entrance to the path leading up to the Resi- passed. dency, to look at the native maidens in all their

Her Royal Highness, wearing the 'tapo' presented to her by the Melanau people in Sibu. is seen with the Penghulus and men of the Third Division taken on the lawn of the Residency. Sibu yesterday afternoon.

67 H.R.H. Opens New Clinic At Sibu Witness To Stubborn And Courageous Spirit

Photograph by Anna Studio Her Royal Highness at the cereony of opening the new wing of the Lau Kheng Howe Hospitul. Sibu.

The stubborn and courageous spirit of the people for being honoured with a visit by a people of Sibu in their determination to forge member of the Royal Family. forward in spite of trials and tribulations was His Excellency said that this was the first expressed by Her Royal Highness the Duchess visit made by a member of the Royal Family of Kent when she declared open the new clinic and therefore it was a memorable day in the of the Lau Kheng Howe Hospital in Sibu history of the town. His Excelency touched on yesterday noon. the many changes of fortunes which Sibu had The opening ceremony was performed by undergone and quoted the fire, the slump and Her Royal Highness immediately after a tour depression and the Japanese occupation of the kampongs and bazaar was made by Her which the people had to face. He spoke also of Royal Highness, in the presence of the leading the courage and confidence of the people in citizens of the Division. On arrival Her Royal the future of the town and of such evidence as Highness was presented with a bouquet of could be seen in the bigger and better projects orchids by a young Malay boy in traditional undertaken. His Excellency spoke of the costume, the son of Abang Ali Kaseno. hospital as part of the general plan which Before the opening ceremony, His Government was having in helping the people Excellency the Governor said in his address in the building of the future of the town and of that he would like, on behalf of the people of the encouragement which the visit of Her Sibu and the Third Division, ask Her Royal Royal Highness would contribute by Highness to convey to Her Majesty the Queen graciously consenting to open the new clinic. the expression of pride and gratitude of the

68 In that time, as I have heard, you have been assailed by a succession of disasters that would have daunted the stoutest hearts, but you have not been dismayed, and have faced each new trial, and each fresh blow, with splendid resolution. I know something of the sufferings which the peoples of Sibu, and indeed of all Sarawak had to bear during the war but my short visit has already shown me that you have put all that behind you, and that you have set about the work of rebuilding your country with a wil. This hospital, and its development, is, I understand, one of the schemes to which much thought and money have been devoted and I can think of no more fitting object. For, after all, good health the preservation of it, and, above all, the restoration of it, is something of such importance in all our lives that no community can afford to neglect its medical services and facilities. I would like therefore to congratulate all those who have been concerened with the planning and design of this new building, and to give my best wishes to all who will work here. Her Royal Highness then graciously addressed the people. She said: I hope that the citizens of Sibu will continue to give all possible support to theri hospital, and that it Photograph by Heddu Morrison will flourish and develop as the years go by. Her Royal Highness at Sibu with (from left to right) son of Abang Tliairani, Malay Native Officer; son of Mr. Chew Geok I now have very much pleasure in Lim. M.B.E. Chairman Chinese Chamber of Commerce; and declaring open this new out-patient depart- grandson of Penghulu Nanta (Sea Dayak) from Bawang ment. Assan Lebaa'n. The boys are in traditional costumes. On the conclusiong of the address Her Royal Highness was presented with a golden pair of scissors on a silver plate by a young Iban lad in war dress, Malang anak Liang on Your kind welcome, on behalf of the behalf of the contractor of the building Mr. peoples of Sibu and the Third Division, has Cheng Ek Kim. With the pair of scissors Her greatly touched me. Royal Highness cut the ribbon and declared You may be sure that I shall not fail to the building open. A scroll containing an deliver to The Queen your messages of loyalty address of loyalty and welcome was presented and affection, for Her Majesty is deeply by a young Chinese boy also in traditional interested in the well-being of her peoples dress, Chew Peng Chong. overseas, and is always anxious to learn any- Her Royal Highness was then conducted thing affecting them. round the new Clinic by the Medical Officer, There is, I am sure, no better witness to the Dr. Rozalla. The new clinic was built at a cost stubborn and courageous spirit of the citizens of $72,000. of Sibu than their conduct during the events of After the ceremony luncheon was served the last twenty-five years. at the Residency.

69 Sarawak Representatives Off For The Crowning Big Send-Off At The Airport

The picture above shows from left to right. Dalit Abang Openg. Mr R.G.Aikman. Mr Chew Geok Lin and Penghulu Jugah at the Airport yesterday.

The Honourable the Chief Secretary, Mr the Airport to see the four representatives off R.G. Aikman, Mr Chew Geok Lin from Sibu, were Government Officials and members of Penghulu Jugah from Balleh, Kapit and Datu the Council Negri and friends. Abang Openg, District Officer, Kuching left The party will leave Singapore by BOAC Kuching Airport by Malayan Airways aircraft for the United Kingdom on Saturday, 16th for Singapore yesterday afternoon on their May. While they are in Great Britain they will way to the United Kingdom to represent be the guests of Her Majesty the Queen. Sarawak during the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. His Excellency the Governor has been His Excellency the Governor arrived at the pleased to appoint Mr L.K. Morse, Resident, to Airport from Kuching just in time to say fare- act temporarily as Chief Secretary, and Mr well to the four representatives before the D.L. Bruen, Principal Assistant Secretary, plane took off. Secretariat, to act temporarily as Deputy Chief Among the many people who were there at Secretary.

70 England at Coronation Time by DATU ABANG OPENG BIN ABANG SAPI'EE

Before I begin this note, I should like to In the afternoon, Mr Martine was very kind express my sincere thanks to His Excellency and took us all three, Penghulu Jugah, Mr the Governor of Sarawak for nominating me Chew Geok Lin and myself to Whitehall as one of Sarawak's Representatives to attend Court, where he introduced us to friends of his the Coronation of Her Majesty the Queen in and we went round the city. Later we had London. dinner at the Trocadero Restaurant. I left Kuching on 14th May, 1953 by On the 20th May, 1953, Mr Aikman very Malayan Airways together with the kindly took us to the Chelsea Flower Show Honourable the Chief Secretary of Sarawak, where we watched thousands of people Mr R.G. Aikman, C.M.G., Penghulu Jugah attending the Show. It was really very interest- and Mr Chew Geok Lin, M.B.E. We stayed in ing to see a great many kinds of flowers which Singapore for three nights, as the schedule for we never saw in Sarawak. After this we went the Comet to fly on the 16th May, 1953, was to Harrods Restaurant for lunch where we amended until 17th May, 1953, owing to some found a very good choice of food. There we repairs on the wire service of the aeroplane also went shopping. The shop is a very fine having to be carried out. We put in His Ex- building and very large. cellency the Commissioner General's house On May 21st the Chief Secretary took us to where a nice room and other good things were the Colonial Office where we met Senior Offi- provided. We should like to express our sin- cers and had a talk with them about our visit to cere thanks to His Excellency for this. We left London. One of the Information Office staff Changi airport at 8.30 a.m. on 17th May, 1953 took our photograph in front of No. 10, in the Comet and flew up 38,000 feet high, at Downing Street, and then we had our lunch in an average speed of about 480 miles an hour. a Chinese restaurant. On our way to London we called at Bangkok, On 22nd May, Mr Maritine took us to see Rangoon and Calcutta. At Calcutta we were Pascalls' Sweet Factory where we were intro- delayed for seventeen hours as we were ad- duced to the people working there. We saw vised from Delhi not to fly owing to dust storms about fifteen hundred people working. It was near Delhi. At Calcutta we put in the Great really very interesting to see this and we were Eastern Hotel. It was very hot at the time. On told that this factory exports sweets and choco- the night of the 17th we could not sleep. We lates to many countries all over the world. took a bath five times and even then we still The following day Mr M.G. Dickson of the could not sleep until 3 a.m. On 18th May, 1953, Education Department very kindly took us to we were asked to go down to Dum Dum air- visit the Tower of London where we had an port. At 6.30 a.m. advice was received from opportunity of seeing many very old war Delhi that the weather was good and the instruments, and buildings and rooms. We Comet then flew to Delhi, Karachi, Bahrain were told that the Tower is a thousand years and Rome and we arrived at London Airport at old. In the afternoon, Penghulu Jugah and I 1 a.m. on 19th May, 1953. There we were met went with Mr Aikman to see the cricket match by Sir Gerald Whiteley, who took us to the at Lords cricket ground in which Middlesex South Kensington Hotel. At 9 a.m. we went to played against Sussex. Mr Aikman went with the Chartered Bank in London to have our us on May 24th to Petersfield, about 70 miles travelling cheques changed. There we met Mr from London. There we met Mr Spurway, the Marline, the former Manager of the Borneo former Conservator of Forests in Sarawak. He Company Limted in Kuching and had lunch at took us to Alton village where we had lunch at Veeraswamy's Restaurant in Regent Street. the Swan hotel, and we went on to Mount Mr Aikman then told us to take the oppor- Wood to see the Forest Reserve. There we saw tunity of seeing the country and some interest- many people spending a day's pleasure trip. ing places in it, because there might not be a Mr Spurway took us on to is cousin, Mr Wayter who has a thousand acres of grazing land at chance later. We should not stay in London or Lanham. We saw a large number of cattle and in our hotel.

71 poultry on this estate and Mr Wayter took us many other representatives from all over the round the estate in his car and we saw about world. twenty people who work with him. We visited For May 30th the programme for our visit to the mill in his garden and were taken to his the country had been fixed, and it was very house and had tea in the garden which is unfortunate that our friend Mr Chew Geok Lin really very fine. His wife is a very nice woman was not well and unable to accompany us. He and she seemed to be very pleased to meet us was left behind in the hotel. Penghulu Jugah men from Sarawak. After tea we returned to was taken by Mr Freeman to Cambridge and I Stoner Hill to meet Mr Aikman at his sister's was taken by Mr Dickson to Oxford. Mr house, and there we were introduced to his Dickson and I left Paddington Station by train sister and brother-in-law. Here again is a very and changed into an upriver launch at nice place. We had drinks in the garden until Abingdon. It was very strange to me when the nearly 7 p.m. and then we returned to London launch was about to reach the rapids. I heard by train. the noise of a waterfall and I asked Mr On the next day we had a tour of London in Dickson: "When we reach the rapids do we the Underground train. have to use other transport?" Mr Dickson said: On May 26th after breakfast we went to "No, there will be a lock." When we reached John Barker & Company, and in the afternoon the bottom of the rapids, I saw there were two we accepted an invitation from the Imperial gates. As soon as the launch was inside the Institute, where we met Sir George Beresford gate, the water came in from the other gate Stooke who left Sarawak nearly thirty years until it was level and then the launch moved ago. We were taken round to see the Sarawak out and went straight upriver. We passed Court, etc. In the evening, Mr Aikman took us three locks altogether before we reached to see the Ice Revue which was very interest- Oxford. In Oxford, I was taken by Mr Dickson ing to us and something we never saw in our to the colleges and he pointed out to me the life in Sarawak. place where he stayed while he was a student. On 27th May we attended the This was very interesting to me. I was lucky to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association be with Mr Dickson and it was very kind of lunch in Westminster Hall. We met Members him to take me to this place. of Parliament and Members of the Legislative On Sunday, 31st May, Mr Chew Geok Lin Councils of the Commonwealth. Mr D.C. and I went with Mr Aikman to see the London White, Resident, Third Division was also with Zoo. This again was very interesting to us and us. Her Majesty the Queen was present at the we were very much impressed, because we party. In the afternoon we were invited to a tea saw a large number of living animals of many party at Mr Dawson's house — the former kinds. In the afternoon we attended a party at ChieSecretary of Sarawak. Later Mr Dawson Hatfield House where Her Majesty the Queen took us to see Derry & Toms' Garden on the top Mother was present. floor of the building. This was very strange to On June 1st, Mr Aikman, Mr White, us because not only is the garden on the top of Penghulu Jugah, Mr Chew Geok Lin and I the building, but there is also a fish pond and a went to see H.H. the Rajah and H.H. the Ranee stream similar to up-river streams in Sarawak, both of whom are well and seemed very with rocks and sand. pleased to see us. On the following day we went round the June 2nd was Coronation day. At about town in'the morning and in the afternoon 5.30 a.m. we got up and after our early break- attended the Buckingham Palace garden fast we left the South Kensington hotel and party with Mr Dennis White and Mr Wee reached Westminster Abbey at 6.40 a.m. We Kheng Chiang and Mr Ong Kee Hui, and were really very lucky, because our adssion there we met Mr and Mrs Cromwell, Mr and card was at Entrance No. 10 and we were able Mrs Hickling and many other people. We to see Her Majesty the Queen at her Crowning understood about five thousand people were from the beginning to the end. At about 10.30 there in all. a.m. the Royal family arrived in the Abbey and On May 29th we went to the Houses of at 11.20 a.m. Her Majesty came. She is very Parliament and in the afternoon to the Secre- handsome and young queen and she wore a tary of State's cocktail party at Claridges hotel. large number of diamonds. The ceremony At this party we met the Sultans of the Malay went on until 3 p.m. We got out at 3.30 p.m. States, the Sultans of'Bahrain and Lahej and and had our buffet in Westminster Hall. Then

72 we went out and saw the Procession passing very lovely view. We had lunch at the Albion Westminster Hall on the way to Buckingham Hotel and after lunch we were taken by Mr Palace. We saw a large number of soldiers who Smith on a tour. took part in the Procession, and some these are Later on in London we were taken to see able to play as a brass band on horseback, the London Times by Mr Aikman's brother-in- blowing trumpets and beating drums. It also law. This was most interesting and we were impressed us very much that there were so informed that their press can produce 35,000 many hundreds of thousands of people and so newspapers in one hour. There are about many thousands of cars and yet the police on 2,000 people working there. duty did not have even a piece of wood in their We also went to Lambeth Palace and to the hands, let alone a pistol or a gun. There were Sarawak Association cocktail party where we no accidents and no trouble at all. The police- met old Sarawak officers who seemed very men are really very good and kind to the pleased to see us. While in London we met people. Whenever they saw we were losing several students notably Sarawak students Mr our way, they'came to us at once to find out Ahmed Zaidi, Mr Teo Choon Huat, Mr Lee from us whether we had lost our way or our Hun Hoe son of Mr Lee Swee Hock, Abang friends. If-we said that we were lost they Kiprawi and Mr Ngui Chong Jin. pointed out to us the proper road to go. It was We left London Airport on the 7th June at also very interesting to see such wonderful 9.30 a.m. on our return to Kuching and called fireworks on the night of the coronation as we at Rome, Cairo, Basra, Karachi, Bombay and never saw in our life. Colombo. Singapore was reached at 9.20 p.m. After the Coronation, we also visted the on the 9th and we stayed at His Excellency the sea-side at Brighton where we met Mr Smith; Commissioner General's house until the the father of Mr P.B. Smith, District Officer, morning of June 11th when we left Kallang Lundu. Mr Smith was very kind and took us to Airport at 6.30 a.m. and arrived in Kuching at his house near the beach, where there was a 9.30 a.m.

73 Grand Coronation Tuba Fishing

When asked, a young Malay amateur fisherman of the local kampongs said: I had a successful morning. I was about half a mile away from the offi- cial starter of the fishing and when the two-gun signal was given and crackers fired I was ready with three kinds of fishing equipment — a long pole net (cheledok), a long spear (tamburin) and a three- prong spear (srampang). According to adat' the head- men and officials of the fishing were the first to catch any fish that might come up 20 to 30 minutes after the tuba extracted juice was thrown into the water. The fish of many kinds the majority of which were Ikan Bulu, Sharks, Ikan Sembilang, Ikan Telang, Kitang (Sting Rays), Ikan Yu, Ikan Parang and so on. I got about 30 to 40 catties of the mixed varieties. But some of my friends and relatives speared or caught big fish weighing from 10 to a picul in weight. The fish, large and small floated up to the surface at Craft of all types swarm the Sarawak River 1217153 morning to join the fun of continuous intervals in all parts the Coronation Tuba Fishing. of the river. Most of these were One of the latest events sel- nades and bombs, both me- still wriggling when speared or dom seen here, the Grand thods quite dangerous to use to caught in the nets as they Coronation Tuba Fishing, as it the uninitiated. appeared to be stupefied rather was called, took place on Early before dawn yester- than dead. When there was a Sunday, 12th July, in the main day over a thousand boats, good catch the spectators on the Sarawak River. This was con- ranging from fast, streamlined banks or in the boats roared and sidered by many to be a superb speed-boats to the flimsy, shouted in approval. finale to the long series of jo- shallow prahus (dugouts), yous celebrations of a revered conglomerated at the river, monarch, whose coronation mainly at the lower end of Pasir Some of the participants in happened the previous month. Paroh stretching for about a the fishing used ingenious me- mile from there to the Matang thods of catching and paddling The last tuba fishing ever suspension bridge. Each boat their boats simultaneously. allowed in the Sarawak River had a coloured flag stuck on its They tied the nets to the happened about 23 years ago, bow and it carried from two to paddles and when there was no during the reign of H.H. the 15 occupants, depending on the fish they used the paddles in- Rajah, and it was an occasion size of the craft. It was the stead. In the early morning two still remembered by old Malays greatest gathering of fishermen small outboats collided when and domiciled people here. But ever seen here, thousands of they attempted to get into the during the Japanese occupation spectators lined both banks of nets the same fish seen by both. period sporadic tuba fishing, the river to catch glimpses of the Two persons were thrown into with or without permission, fish and to watch the boats the water but they were none were held mainly in the ulus of making the attempt to catch all the worse for the soaking. The the various rivers and streams in sorts of fish. Some even brought weather was fine throughout this Colony. It was also learnt nets tied to long poles to swoop the day and it was a glorious that sometime the Japs even up small fish that might float event seen for the first time by tried to fish by using hand-gre- near the banks. many of the local people.

74 MASS PARADE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN

Coronation Day began with a Mass Parade uniform was a Coronation medallion specially of school children; and some five thousand made for the occasion. strong, representing twenty-one schools and Promptly at 8 a.m., His Excellency the under the charge of ninety teachers, took part Governor arrived at the padang. While the in a march past which was over three miles Constabulary Band played the Royal Salute, long. the school children joined in the mass singing After 7.00 p.m. children for participating of three verses of the National Anthem in schools begans to assemble on the St. English, Chinese, Malay and Dayak. His Ex- Thomas's School padang. Each contingent cellency then inpsected the different contin- grouped itself under a distinctive banner. gents and called for three cheers for the Pinned on the breast of each child in school Queen.

75 76 The St. Joseph School

His Excellency the Governor, Sir Anthony Abell, K.C.M.C. was at the Saluting Base on 2nd June 1953. The school children Mass Parade look about fifty minutes to pass through the Saluting Base.

At 8.30 a.m., His Excellency left for the School contingent. Saluting Base at the head of the steps facing The school children then returned to the the Municipal padang, Rock Road, and took Museum grounds where they participated in the salute as group after group of children an open-air non-denominational prayer ser- marched past, led by the Constabulary Band vice. and the Batu Lintang Training Centre and

77 St. Mary's School

St. Thomas's School

Chinese School

78 The various schools march past the Saluting Base.

79 The Open Air Non Denominational Prayer—Meeting

Arrival of His Excellency at the Museum Ground.

The National Anthem God Save The Queen'.

80 The "mixed congregation" of school children who intended the open air non denomination prayer meeting on the Museum Ground after the Mass Parade on Coronation Day.

Children on arrival at the Museum Ground before His Excellency departed with the were directed by the Steward to their place officiating priest. accordingly. All their banners and flags had The occasion was befitting, concluded been carried and placed against the walls of with a speech by Mr Earnshaw who gave his the museum building. thanks to all teachers and children for the ex- The Coronation open air service started at cellent 'March Past'. He said that it turned out 9.30 am, 2nd June 1953, in cool weather on the to be better than he had thought, more over, museum ground. Immediately after the arrival he hoped that they will think of the great event of His Excellency the Governor a hymn was — the crowning of Her Majesty the Queen sung by the Christians followed up by which took place at 7.30 pm last night. Mr Christian prayer and later prayer in Islam and Earnshaw said that he would like everyone to Buddhistism then followed. The singing of the be of good cheers and think of the happy Anthemn 'God Save the Queen' was held occasion.

81 Part of St. Teresa's School contingent for Fancy Dress Competition.

The judging of the school children's Fancy were a king with his beautiful queen and her Dress and Decorated Vehicles Competition, retiue. which was postponed from 3rd to 5th June, In the decorated bicycles and tricycles owing to bad weather, was carried out at-5 section the First Prize was awarded to St. p.m. on St. Thomas' School padang. The First Joseph's and two Second Prizes were respec- Prize was awarded to the Chung Hwa Middle tively to St. Thomas' School and Batu Lintang School for exhibiting the best in fancy dress Training Centre and School. Chung Hwa (Senior section), while St. Joseph's and St. School No. 1 won First Prize for the lanterns Teresa's School each won a Second Prize. The while the First Prize for the best banners went children of the Chung Hwa School team wore to St. Teresa's. silk costumes and were made up to represent When the judging was over, the school the mythical Chinese figures of the "Eight children, still in fancy dress and carrying lan- Fairies Crossing the Sea"; and supporting terns, marched in procession through the main characters were provided by a quintette to re- streets. Huge crowds turned out to watch the semble a queen and her maids. The boys of St. pageant, and as the evening deepened into Joseph's became mediaeval knights in night and the lanterns were lit, the moving sea armour, representing a scene from of lights presented a most memorable spec- Shakespeare's "Henry V". St. Teresa's girls tacle.

82 The Fancy Dress and Decorated Vehicles Competition walk in procesion through Kuching town.

83 The School Children Fancy Dress Competition

The various school children in a procession whom are all constestants in the Fancy Dress Competition. The King and Queen and their page boys together with the Queen's maids of St. Teresa's School.

The St. Joseph's School contingent of their Fancy Dress Competition.

85 A Most Colourful Pageant

The Lantern and Fancy Dress Procession V"; behind which came a party of grotesque of the Kuching schools last Friday evening, black masked figures belived to be execution- which started at about 6 p.m. and went round ers who even carried two heads; this "item" the town twice, was a veritable cavalcade of was followed by another from St. Thomas's colours and presented a pageant seldom seen School in which a troupe of children wore in this town. It resembled in some respects the costumes of many races led by a small boy on endless varieties and surprises of a miniature a black horse; then followed a large conglom- Mardi Gras procession, and must have been eration of gaudily-dressed figures in the taken some weeks of careful planning and national dresses of all races in the world; the preparations to make it such a success. Malay schools even put up two small tanks; The crowds which jammed the main and finally the last and the winner of the Fan- streets of the town must have been impressed cy Dress Competition - a party of Chung Hwa by the creditable displays put up by some of Middle School children dressed in ancient silk the Kuching schools, the most noteworthy of costumes from a Chinese historical play which were a party of St. Teresa's school girls which is entitled "Eight Fairies Crossing The dressed as a queen who was accompanied by Sea" (these fairies are supposed to live in the two Page Boys and six beautiful girls as Maids utmost happiness in paradise) and at the rear of Honour; this was immediately followed by of these was a quintette of beautiful girls dres- a party of girl dressed as Scottish maids in sed to resemble a queen with her maids. traditional kilts; then right behind this party Before the start of the Lantern Procession, was another one from the St Joseph's School, the Fancy Dress and Decorated Bicycles were who were dressed as Knights in Armour rep- lined up in the St. Thomas's School and St. resenting a scene from Shakespeare's "Henry Mary's School respectively for judging.

86 The lantern procession as seen along Carpenter Street

87 Representing the mythical Chinese figures of the -Eight Fairies Crossing the Sea and supporting characters provided by v quintette to resemble a queen and her maids by the children of the Chung Hwa Middle School.

Chung Hwa School No. 1 won First Prize for the lanterns competition.

88 Coronation Celebrations in Kuching

The Lorry Decoration by the Kuching Chinese General Chamber of Commerce.

HIS EXCELLENCY'S affirm our loyalty and humble MESSAGE. duty in this solemn and ancient ceremony at which Coronation Week our young and beautiful commenced on 30th May Queen will dedicate her life to with a stirring message from the service of her people. His Excellency the Governor. I hope that everyone in It reads: "The week from 30th Sarawak will be able to take May to 6th June, 1953, will be an active and enjoyable part a memorable week in our in our local celebrations. But I lives; a week of rejoicing and want you all to regard this thanksgiving. Elizabeth our great occasion as belonging Queen is to be crowned in particularly to the youth of the Westminster Abbey in he country. We want them to heart of our great Community look back upon these June gathering. Some may not be of Nations, before a great days of 1953 with excitement, used to our sophisticated Assembly of the most wonder and enchantment. urban ways. Let us make distinguished figures in the Let it be a landmark in their them welcome and show world of today. lives as it will be in history. them hospitality and kind- Among the Royalty and There are others too who ness so that they will return to Nobility and among the deserve special consideration their distant homes with a celebrities of many lands will - the visitors to the towns of deep feeling of kindship and sit the President and two Sarawak - people who have the happiest memories of this members of our Council travelled long distances to great occasion. Negri. They have been join our happy throng and And amid all the excite- invited to represent the give to our celebrations the ment and merriment, the dis- people of Sarawak and to character of a great family play and the glitter let us all

89 find time to remember what the Queen said in her Christmas broadcast to us - "You will be keeping it as a holiday: but I want to ask you all, whatever your religion may be, to pray for me on that day - to pray that God may give me wisdom and strength to carry out the solemn promises I shall be making, and that 1 may faithfully serve Him and you, all the days of my life." ALL-COMMUNITY PROCESSION The most colourful of the celebration pageantry and the culmination of the united efforts and preparations for A Symbol of the Coronation of Her Majesty with a Malay girl representing the many weeks past of all Queen silting on her throne and beside whom also sal a Malay man who was said to represent the Duke of Edinburgh. Standing by the raised dais were two communities, the procession figures dressed in the fashion of the Queen's Yeoman of the Guard. of lanterns and decorated the Malay, Dayak, Chinese, A Joint Museum and floats drew a record crowd of European, Indian and British Council Special fifteen thousand. Not since Javanese communities took Coronation Exhibition in the the Centenary Celebrations part in the procession, with Sarawak Museum was in Kuching have the inhabi- about fifty decorated floats, informally opened by His tants and visitors witnessed vehicles and mobile tableaux. Excellency the Governor at 11 such splendour. It was a Outstanding among the a.m., on 30th May. Some glorious show of loyalty and tableaux may be mentioned extremely interesting old affection for Her Majesty the the Malay boy and girl Queen. Brooke documents from the dressed as the Queen and her Museum archives were on Long before the appointed Consort, with two members ol display together with fine time (7.30 p.m.) for the the Queen's Yeomen of the portraits and photographs of procession, huge crowds Guard, the gleaming Chinese the Royal Family. The lined the streets and packs all Unicorn and the wriggling Exhibition was open from available space along the yellow dragon chasing a 9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. each route. In addition to the fireball. A young and smiling day during Coronation Week townsfolk, there were visitors girl mahout on a white and proved very popular. In of all races who came from elephant, who waved her addition there was a special distant parts to see the goad as she passed His film show each day at 10.30 procession. Their variegated Excellency's stand, the Indian a.m. and 4.30 p.m. for dresses and costumes stood marionette players and the organised parties of visitors to out in bold relief against the snowy white dove with the Exhibition. The films drab background of buildings electrically lit orbs for eyes to selected for the ocassion and formed an effective represent Peace, were other included "British Monarchy" decorative scheme. For a noteworthy attractions. short spell it was feared that and a coloured film of the Brunei Coronation, together rain would ruin the show, but JOINT MUSEUM AND apparently the gods were with a recorded filmstrip talk condescending, for the Sky BRITISH COUNCIL on the meaning of the cleared at 8.30 p.m., allowing SPECIAL Coronation ceremony given the procession to begin. CORONATION by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Altogether some fifty EXHIBITION AND organisations representing FILM SHOW.

90 This enterprising model of the Royalist links Sarawak's past history with the present.

The celebrations in programme, well-planned great occasion point to the honour of Her Majesty, and evenly spaced through- fact that Her Majesty is our Elizabeth II, during Coro- out the week, and the "undoubted Queen", as nation Week in Kuching, enthusiasm and spontaniety much as she is the Head of the were perhaps the most with which all communities, Commonwealth of Nations of stupendous that this country churches, schools, public which we are a part. has ever witnessed. Both the organisations and private extent and variety of the individuals celebrated this

91 AGRI-HORTICULTURAL SHOW

The Coronation Agri-Horticultural Show held under the joint auspices of the- Floricultural Improvement Society and the Departments of Agriculture and Forestry, on 30th May at the Maderasah Melayu, was an unqualified success. The Maderasah Melayu was gaily decorated with flags and bunting, while multi-coloured lights lent an added air of festivity to the occasion. The Show was one of the most spectacular to be or- ganised since the War. It was estimated that nearly four thousand spectators passed through the portals of the school to relish the kaleido- scopic array of rare plants and exhibits housed in the build- ing. In the Floricultural Group

there were hundreds of The Lorry Decoration depicting the Coronation Crown contributed by the flowers of the herbaceous Foochow Association. Her Majesty the Queen's portrait by the Kuching group, shrubs and ferns, or- Chinese General Chamber of Commerce. chids in profusion, both local and exotic, and aquatic plants cited much favourable HIS EXCELLENCY in their little aquaria. In the comment. VISITS THE LEPER Agricultural Group there Among the highlights of SETTLEMENT were nearly one hundred the Show should be men- exhibits of food crops, pro- tioned the paintings of local Accompanied by the Di- ducts for the market and orchids by Mr C.J.H. Blake of rector of Medical Services, home preserves. The Live- Kuching, which were much Dr. W. Glyn Evans, and the stock Section contained ex- admired by the spectators. Private Secretary, Mr I.A.N. hibits of white pigs, a Perhaps the most unusual en- Urquhart, His Excellency Hereford bull with some tries were those of cardinal visited the Leper Settlement Scindhi cattle and Saanen creepers (ipomoea quamoclit) at 13th Mile Rock Road, to goats. The most striking of the submitted by Mr Kho Leng take part in the settlement's Agriculture Department's Guan who trained them to coronation celebrations. entries were models on dis- grow around metal frame- His Excellency spoke to a play illustrating padi irriga- work to represent a floral number of inmates who had tion, anti-soil erosion and Crown, two dragons and a gathered to welcome him; models of smoke-houses and rotary wheel. Mr Kho's ex- then the party moved on to a a copper kiln. hibits attracted a large crowd platform where addresses of The splendid collection of and he is to be congratulated loyalty to the Queen were the best timbers produced in for his patience and ingenuity presented by the staff and in- our forests, exhibited by the in producing such extra- mates. Forest Department for the ordinary yet very lovely In a moving reply His Ex- first time since the War, ex- specimens. cellency spoke of a great

92 This wavy yellow dragon carried by sixteen persons chasing after the fireball.

A thrilling performance of two green lions from the Kwong Wui Siu association. brotherhood of the British the Chinese Chamber of the Chinese enjoyed, he Commonwealth of Nations Commerce on Friday, 5th warned that they were apt to and explained the signifi- June, at which His Excellency take for granted these advan- cance of the Coronation cere- the Governor was the guest of tages and think nothing of mony. He next paid a warm honour. Speaking on behalf them. It was good, therefore, tribute to the Supt. Mr H. of the Chinese community, that they should sometimes MacGregor who had had Mr Tan Bak Lim, O.B.E., said remind themselves of them, much experience of work that in Sarawak, as indeed in on great occasions like the among lepers in West Africa. all countries of the British present, with thankfulness His Excellency ended by pre- Commonwealth, the Chinese, and gratitude. He then said senting certificates of dis- in common with other races, that in Sarawak the Chinese charge to a number of in- enjoyed a form of government community would always mates and by going on a tour distinguished for its benevo- play its part in the progress of of inspection of the settle- lence, and also for the strict the country side by side with ment. maintenance of law and all other races for the common order. Under British Rule, good, and that this was, more CHINESE education was encouraged, than anything else, the best the principles of liberty and way in which the Chinese COMMUNITY'S freedom were cherished, and could express their devotion CORONATION DINNER justice was administered with and love to Her Majesty the an impartially unknown in Queen and their loyalty to the A dinner to commemorate many foreign lands. Referring Crown. Replying on behalf of the Coronation was given by to the inestimable benefits himself and all the guests, His the Chinese Community at

93 which become a part of our Excellency said in part: "As have all, I think, felt an up- lives. The Queen dedicated representative of the Queen I lifting of the spirit and a great herself to the service of her would like to thank you most' and moving sense of unity people ... w, too, take our oath sincerely for your gracious under the inspiring leader- to be faithful and true and to expression of loyalty to the ship of Her Majesty. During uphold the young Queen Crown and for your support the course of this week throughout her reign and do for the ideals for which our throughout Sarawak we have our best to make of this coun- family of nations stand; loyal- seen many and deeply sin- try and the world a kindlier ties, Mr Chairman, of which cere expressions of loyalty and happier place in which to you and the Community you from persons for every rank dwell ..." represent have given abun- and degree, of every race and dant proof over the years. We religion. These are privileges

The Coronation Of Queen Elizabeth Trumpets And Guns To Signal Crowning 2nd June, 1953. By Ranald Macklurkin (Note: All times in this story are BST (one hour ahead of GMT as times are part of the story.) London:-(Reuter)-Trum- pets in England's historic Westminister Abbey and guns fired from the Tower of London will signal the crowning to-day of Queen Elizabeth II.

When the trumpets sound and the guns fire, those in the Abbey and the millions outside who will be listening to the ceremony by radio and seeing it on television will know that the The Westminster Abbey, the place where the Coronation Ceremony will take place crown of St. Edward has today. been placed on the head of the Queen. They will know, Sovereign to ascend the officials, visiting Kings and too, that she is then halfway Throne since the Norman, Queens, native rulers from through a long ceremony William the Conqueror. the Queen's overseas which from start to finish will It will be the supreme realms, and which will be' last two and a half hours, and moment of the Coronation, watched by millions of that she is henceforth which will be followed people. "Elizabeth the Second, by during the afternoon by a Throughout the early the Grace of God, of the Coronation procession morning hours' of June 2, United Kingdom of Great through London two miles people from all part of Britain Britain and Northern long, in which thousands of and abroad will begin to line Ireland, and of her other troops from every part of the Realms and Territories the route from Buckingham Commonwealth will take Queens, Head of the Palace to Westminster part, in which will ride the Commonwealth, Defence of Abbey to see the Queen Prime Ministers of the the Faith," the forty first leave the Palace in the Commonwealth, State golden Coach of State. They

94 will have come through the containing the Princes and very heart of Londoii, the darkness and the dawn by Princesses of the Blood procession will pass under underground trains, steam Royal, among them the four spectacular arches of trains, coaches, omnibuses Queen's aunts and cousins, tubular steel, surmounted by and on foot, many of them followed by Queen Mother, dancing lions and unicorns. with tickets for seats on the with Princess Margaret, the Huge coronets will hang route, the majority of them Queen's sister, seated at her from th 65-foot arches, ready to stand for hours side in a carriage which will looking as though they were packed shoulder to shoulder drive to the Abbey from hanging in air without see the procession. Clarence House, the Queen support. Thousands of the women Mother's residence. Behind will ride more spectators who will line the By 1020 the crowds horsemen-the Lord High route will be wearing special packed around Buckingham Constable, Field Marshal dresses with a patriotic motif Palace and the long wide Viscount Alanbrooke; the of red, white and blue. drive of The Mall will hear Queen,s Master of the Horse, They will have a long the roll of drums and the the Duke of Beaufort; The wait, for not until 0840 will blare of brass as bands of the Captain of the Yeomen of the the first cars, carrying some Guards strike up to lead Guard; and others. members of the British Royal Queens Elizabeth's own Then will follow the Family, leave Buckingham procession from Palace to Royal Standard and, riding Palace for the Abbey. Abbey. immediately behind it as Ten minutes later, a long One single officer, personal aides-de-camp to procession of more than 70 Colonel B.J.O. Burrows, the Queen, her uncle, the limousines will drive out of Inspector of Trooping at the Duke of Gloucester, and Earl the palace gates bearing War Office, will lead this Mountbatten of Burma. At foreign Royalty and other procession on horseback. the end of the gilttering foreign representatives. Behind him will follow four parade will follow eguerries The first glamorous touch mounted troopers of the to the Queen and two more of the day's spectacles will Household Cavalry, and divisions of the Sovereign's come at 0915 when the first following this simple Escort. procession appears from the beginning, 1000 Guardsmen The procession will pass Palace courtyard. In it will and a cavalcade of Admirals, from The Mall into Trafalgar ride rulers from Britain's Field Marshals, Generals Square, dominated by thfe tropical colonies and and Air Marshals, some on column and statue of protectorates in native dress. horse-back, some walking, Admiral Lord Nelson, where Among them will be 6th tall some in landaus. even the high rooftops will Queen Salote of the Tonga Behind them, drawn by be crammed with spectators, Islands, in the Pacific, who eight Windsor Greys from down Northumberland has been the guest of Queen the Royal Stables will come Avenue to the Embankment Elizabeth at Buckingham the Queen in her 192 years- along the River Thames. Palace since she arrived in old coach, with its figures of There, along the Britain and the Sultan of gilded palm trees and waterfront, ships will be Zanzibar, Johore, Selangor, seagods rising from each flying almost every flag ever Kelantan, Perak, Brunei and corner of the swinging seen on the oceans of the Lahej. undercarriage. world. Then, in fairly quick The Queen will wear a Then just as Big Ben, the succession, will come some robe of crimson velvet, a clock on Houses of of the leading personalities diadem on her head, and by Parliament, is striking 11 in the day's pageantry. her side will sit her husband, o'clock, the golden coach A new procession of nine the Duke of Edinburgh, will halt outside Westminster carriages from the Palace wearing the gold-braided, Abbey. will carry to the Abbey the blue uniform of an Admiral From early morning, prime Ministers of the of the Fleet. 7,000 guests will have been Commonwealth, including Down the broad, gaily arriving at the Abbey, where Sir Winston Churchill. decorated Mall, the wide English monarchs have been Next will come carriages avenue which leads to the crowned for 900 years.

95 standing soldiers, Field Mar- Statesmen, poets, peers and inches in height, and will go peeresses will have stepped on to a robing room in the shal Viscount Montgomery from the constant flow of Annexe, its floor covered her of Alamin. cars; men and women in in gold carpet, to complete In another section of the striking native garb from her robing for the big Grand Procession walk the every part of the ceremony still to come. Prime Ministers of the Com- Commonwealth will have In the vestibule, at 1115, monwealth nations, pre- mingled with thousands of she will join the procession ceded by their High Com- Britons in their Court Dress which has meanwhile been missioners carrying the flags of silk velvet breeches with forming. Six Maids of of their countries. buckled shoes, silken hose honour, daughters of British Fifteen trumpeters in and their ladies in silks and Dukes and Peers, will mediaeval uniform, gold and ermine. arrange themselves, three on crimson bannerets hanging Queen Elizabeth will each side, to carry the long from their instruments, step from her coach on to a train which flows from the sound a fanfare as the Queen blue carpet running from the Queen's robe. herself is due to enter the Nave of the Abbey to the And from this point Abbey. entrance of a £50,000 annexe begins the Crowning As the brassy notes break of white timber and pillars of Ceremony from which the off, the choir of 202 men, 20 tubular steel specially built Queen, two and a half hours women and 178 boys sing for the Coronation. later, will emerge as a the anthem from Psalm 122; Flowers flown from all crowned monarch. Through the body of the parts of the Commonwealth Slowly and solemly the Church walks the Queen, will be banked in the Procession moves into the into and through the Choir, Annexe, where a line of Abbey through the West where she is acclaimed by 40 sculptured mythical and Door. Queen's Scholars of West- heraldic animals look on the At its head are the Royal minsters School chanting scene of pageantry. The Chaplains followed by the "Vivat Regina Elizabetha, "Queen Beasts," as they are representatives of the Free Vivat! Vivat! Vivat!", on to a called, include fabulous Churches and religious raised platform called the monsters such as the Griffin, dignitaries of Westminster. Coronation Theatre, oar- with the head of an eagle, Behind them, like figures on peted in gold, past her the body of a lion and the tail a pack of'playing cards in Throne to her Chair of Estate of a serpent. their gold and velvet tabards to the right of the Altar, in The Duke of Norfolk, (tunics) come the Heralds whichich, after short England's Premier Duke and the Kings of Arms, cere- prayers, she sits. who, as Earl Marshal, has monial officers in attendance The Bible is placed upon been the chief planner of the on the Sovereign. the Altar. coronation, will meet the Standard Bearers carry One by one, the objects of Queen at the entrance to the the flags of England, Scot- the Regalia are brought by Annexe. land, Ireland and Wales. The the Lords, who carry them in And in the entrance hall, Union Standard is borne by procession, to the Dean of flooded with rainbow light Captain J.L.H. Dymoke, the Westminster, Dr Alan Don. from the coloured glass of Queen's Champion, whose He places them on the Altar. the windows, the Queen will ancestors used to appear ful- Then, as the last bars of ly armed on horse-back at be received by high the anthem die away, the the Coronation Banquet and ceremonial officers, the Queen moves to the oak challenge to fight anyone Lords who will carry the Coronation Chair in which who disputed the Monarch's Regalia, and the Arcbishops all monarchs of England right to the Crown. This cus- of Canterbury and York. have been crowned since tom has now died out and the The Queen, with tne 1308 right to carry a Standard has Duke of Edinburg, will pass Standing beside it, a slim been given to the Dymoke between a guard of honour figure under the arching roof family as a compensation. of the Queen's Company, of the old Abbey, she waits Grenadier Guards, every Carrying the Royal Stan- while the Archbishop of man in it over six feet three dard is one of Britain's out- Canterbury, the Very Re-

96 verend Geoffrey Fisher, Pri- shoulders the heavy robe she ca cut from the world's big- mate of the Church of Eng- was worn till now. gest diamond, the Cullinan, land, goes slowly and grave- The young Queen walks found in South Africa near ly in turn to each of the cor- slowly to the plain, 650-year- the beginning of the Cen- ners of the Theatre. old Coronation Chair with its tury. After the Recognition high back and the Stone of Into the Queen's left Ceremony the Bible is then Destiny tucked under the hand the Archbishop places presented to the Queen by seat. the Rod with the Dove, sym- the Right Rev. George Jef- As she seats herself bol of equity and mercy. frey, Moderator of the above the rough block of This is also of gold, sur- General Assembly of the read sandstone, on which the mounted by a cross on which Church of Scotland. It is the old kings of Scotland were stands a dove with out- first time the Scotland crowned, four Knights of the stretched wings. It was made Church, which is Presbyte- Garter, England's highest in 1661 for the Coronation of rian and differs in its ritual Order of chivalry, hold over King Charles II. from the Chuch of England, her a canopy of Cloth of "Be so merciful that you has had its place in this cere- Gold. be not too remiss; so execute mony. Clad a mantles of blue justice that you forget not As the Queen receives velvet with surcoats of crim- mercy. Punish the wicked, the Bible, the Archbishop of son they screen the Queen protect and cherish the just, Canterbury speaks: from the on-lookers while and lead your people in the "Our Gracious Queen, to the Archbishop of Canter- way wherein they should keep Your Majesty ever bury anoints her in form of a go", the Archbishop adjures mindful of the Law and the cross with holy oil. the Queen, as he places it in Gospel of God as the rule for The Dean of Westmins- her hand. the whole life and Govern- ter, Dr Alan Don, stands be- It is nearing 1330. The ment of Christian princes we side the Archbishop pouring ceremony has gone on for present you with this Book, the scented amber oil from nearly 90 minutes, and the the most valuable thing that the Ampulla, a golden re- atmosphere is tense as the this world affords." ceptacle in the form of an supreme moment of the The atmosphere, amid eagle with outstretched crowning approaches. the blue and gold fabrics wings, into the Spoon, also of There is a rumble and the draping the Coronation gold, with four pearls set in clatter of fget against wood- Theatre, changes to one of the handle, 700 years old and work as the Abbey guests devotion and deep religious the most ancient vessel used rise. feeling as the Communion during the ceremony. The Archbishop, stand- Service begins. The Archbishop dips his ing before the Altar, takes up The voice or the great fingers into the oil which is St. Edward's Crown from the choir, with an orchestra of 60 made from a 17 th Century Altar, then lays it down of Britain's best in- formula and contains oils of again, saying: strumentalists and the orange flower, roses, cinna- "O God the Crown of the famous organ of the Abbey mon, jasmin, sesame and faithfully: Bless we beech sonorously in the back- flowers of benzoin. thee this Crown, and so sanc- ground, soar in a psalm:' 'Be- In the deep silence his tify thy servant Elizabeth hold, O God our defender: voice intones as he anoints upon whose bead this day and look up on the face of both the Queen's palms. thou dust place it for a sign of thine Annotated." Next, the Sceptre with royal majesty, that she may The Queen and her peo- the Cross, emblem of regal be filled by thine abundant ple kneel as the Archbishop power and justice, is put into grace with all pricely vir- prays. the Queen's right hand as tues". And as the mass voices she sits erect. It is three feet Slowly the Archbishop, rise in a great "Hallelujah," long, of gold, with the lower with his Bishops behind him, Elizabeth rises from her end richly jewelled. From walks over the gold carpet, knees. The Lord Chamber- the upper end, among a clus- the Dean of Westminster be- lain and the Mistress of the ter of stones, gleams the side him holding the Crown, Robes gently draw from her great, twinkling Star of Afri- a circlet of gold studded with

97 diamonds, rubies, emeralds, age: Keep the command- "I Philip, Duke of Edin- ment of the Lord thy God, burgh, do become your liege sapphires and pearls, and and walk in his ways. two gold arches holding an man of life and limb, and of orb and a cross rising from The Queen has been earthly worship; and faith the rim. anointed and crowned, and and truth I will bear unto Carefully, reverently, the now the Archbishop blesses you, to live and die, against Archbishop takes the crown. her, with the Abbey guests all manner of folks. So help There is a moment of loudly intoning "Amen" at me God.: almost breathless silence as intervals as he does so. Rising from his knees he he places it on Elizabeth's Up to this point the touches the Crown, then, head. Queen has for the most part bending, kisses the Queen's Then the stillness is shat- had her back to the con- left cheek. tered, suddenly, by the cry gregation. Now she rises It is a breath-taking mo- from 7,000 voices echoing to from the Coronation Chair ment. the high roof of the ancient and, followed by the The Duke of Gloucester, shrine: Archbishop, the Great Offic- the Queen's uncle, and the "God save the Queen." ers of State, and the Lords young Duke of Kent, her Again and again the cry, who have borne the Begalis, cousin, come to the Throne, fervent and emotional, rings she walks to a raised Throne to pledge themselves simi- out from the princes, from in the centre of the Theatre. larly. Then the seni- or peer the dukes, the peers and The churchmen and the of each degree, a duke first their wives, the great states- peers around her lift her into followed by a marquess, an men of the Commonwealth, the Throne as the earl, a viscount and a baron, the commoners: Archbishop exhorts her: to the Queen's feet one by "God save the Queen." "Stands firm, and hold one to promise that they will Outside the Abbey, at the fast from henceforth the seat be "her liege men". very second the Crown and state of royal and impe- Each touches the Crown touches the head of the rial dignity, which is this day as a symbol that he and all of young Queen, guns roar delivered unto you..." his rank will be ever ready to from the open spaces of Now follows another support it. And each kisses Hyde Park and from the great moment of the drama- the Queen's right hand, Towers of London and the air packed ceremony as the while the choir sings shakes with the cheers of the newly crowned Queen re- anthems. patiently waiting crowds. ceives the Homage of the Inside th€ Abbey the princes and peers. As the last nobleman trumpets blow a triumphant The Archbishop of Can- pays his homage, drums fanfare. Hundreds of white- terbury and the other beat, the trumpets blare and gloved hands suddenly rise Bishops first kneel round the the congregation shouts. as the princes and princes- Throne swearing to be "God save Queen Eli- ses, peers and pesresses put "faithful and true." The zabeth. on their coronets and caps. Queen holds out her right "May the Queen live And then the cries in the hand and the Archbishop forever." Abbey die away as the kisses it. The giant organ plays Archbishop's calm, solemn Then the Duke of Edin- and the greatest choir the voice is heard: burgh, Elizabeth's husband, world has ever known - a "God crown you with a with a robe of red velvet "po- choir numbered in millions crown of glory and right- wered" with four bars of and spread throughout every eousness, that having a right ermine, comes from his seat city, town and village of the faith and manifold fruit of at the side of the throne. nation - sings. good works, you may obtain He takes of his coronet "All people that on earth the crown of an everlasting and kneels before the do dwell, "Sing to the Lord kingdom by the gift of him woman who is his wife but with cheerful voice; whose kingdom endureth for also his Queen. Placing his "Him serve with fear, his ever. Amen." hands between those of Eli- praise forth tell; The choir sings: "Be zabeth he pledges clearly "Come ye before Him strong and of a good cour- that. and rejoice."

98 For it is not only those in Sceptre and the Rod, leaves Queen and the Duke of Edin- the Abbey who will sing this her Throne and, with the four burgh, draws away from the hymn. At the suggestion of Swords carried before her, Abbey to take up its place in the Archbishop of Canter- passes through the Theatre the two miles long proces- bury, people watching the out of sight to a part of the sion. ceremony on their televison Abbey called the Recess. It is to be gay, thrilling sets will be standing in their There the Robe Royal is parade, full of music from homes and singing the old taken off and in its place she 2,000 bandsmen in 47 mar- hymn. is arrayed in a robe of pure ching bands, full of colour in As the great chorus re- silk purple velvet richly the startling rirmson tunics sounds through the Abbey, embroidered with the of the soldiers, excitement in the Queen descends from national emblems of the Un- the prancing of the horses. her Throne to the steps of the ited Kingdom - the English At its head will again be Altar where, laying aside her rose and oak-leaves, the the solitary figure of Colonel Crown, the Sceptre and the Scottish thistle, the Welsh Bert Burrows, who earlier Rod, she kneels to offer the leek and the Irish shamrock. had led the Queen's proces- Bread and Wine for the Com- Now she wears the Impe- sion to the Abbey. munion. rial state Crown, much light- On a grey charger, this She then makes her obla- er and moe comfortable than Englishman who joined the tion an offering - received the Crown of St. Edward, New Zealand Army as a gun- from her by the Archbishop which weighs seven pounds. ner, and whose family lived of Canterbury. This takes the The Grand procession is in New Zealand during form, traditionally, of "an marshalled again, and the 1914-1918, will again be fol- ingot or wedge of gold of a Queen, holding the Sceptre lowed by four State Troop- pound weight," and an Alter in her right hand and the Orb ers, behind them this time Cloth. in her left, passes from the will come a long winding The Queen kneels again. Abbey while the assembly array of troops, carriages and Now, on his knees beside sings the National Anthem. bands which will take 45 mi- her, is the Duke of Edin- After the Queen has had nutes to pass a given point. burgh, for whom the a short rest and has lunched For bands will follow be- Archbishop of Cantebury will come the moment for hind Colonel Burrows and says a prayer: which the hundreds of peo- his troopers and then the "... multiply thy blessing ple thronging the gay streets procession proper headed by upon this thy servant Philip of London have been waiting contingents of police, air- who with all humble devo- so patiently ever since early men, soldiers and sailors tion offers himself for thy ser- morning. from Britain's Colonies - vice in the dignity to which Still crowned and car- from the Solomon Islands, thou has called him. rying the Sceptre and the from Malaya, from the West "Defend him from all Orb, the Queen will later en- Indies, from the sub-tropics dangers, ghostly and bodily, ter again her golden coach of West Africa. make him a great example of for her procession through Then the might of the virtue and godliness, and a the streets of London. Commonwealth will follow, blessing to the Queen and to While she is lunching a led by detachments from her Peoples ..." great procession will be lin- Southern Rhodesia, One by The Communion service ing up to move off almost as one they will march past to marks the end of the Corona- soon as the Crowning Cere- the cheers and the flags of tion rites. The Queen re- mony ends. Carriages which the spectators - the men and ceives back her Crown, will carry the important women of Ceylon, Pakistan, takes the Sceptre and the guests who have seen the South Africa, New Zealand. Rod and returns to her Abbey Service will begin to Australia will follow, led Throne, while the Duke of pick them up and take their by Brigadier D.A. White- Edinburgh, wearing his places in the procession from head, with policemen from Papua and New Guinea coronet, returns to his place. 1415 onwards. among her contingents. While the choir sings the At 1450 comes the golden Then Canada, with her "Te Deum" - the Queen, splash of colour when the romantic Mounted Police crowned, still holding the Coach of State, carrying the

99 riding in front of marching ston Churchill with Lady and Commonwealth officers men who have fought in Churchill beside him and an and colourful Yeomen of Korea. escort of Husars riding be- Guard. Led by four more bands, hind. Following is the Royal the sailors, soldiers and air- Cavalry, carriages car- Standard, the Queen's offic- men of Britain herself will rying members of the Royal als and aides-de-camp, and, come into view, the Royal Air Family - the Earl and Coun- last of all the jingling divi- Force leading. tess of Athlone, Princess sions of the Sovereign's The wild skirl of the bag- Marie Louise, The Duchess Escort. pipes will herald the of Kent with the Duke and The Huge procession will approach of the Scottish reg- her other son and daughter, wind on a circular route iments, with kilts swinging the Princess Royal, aunt of round the centre of London. as they march. the Queen; Queen Elizabeth About 10,000 service Oddly- but yet not incon- the Queen Mother, with men and women in the para- gruous in this great caval- Princess Margaret beside de; including 2,500 from the cade of an Empire and Com- her, riding in the Irish State Colonies and Common- monwealth on the day of its Coach, one of the famous wealth will be in it. Queen's crowning - there is a Royal carriages,- It will take one hour and pipe band from Pakistan A long parade of 40 minutes for the Queen's among the Scots, and one mounted officers; coach to travel the five miles formed from the Brigade of Marshals of the Royals of the route. Gurkhas, the fierce, loyal Air Force and Admirals go The great parade will end fighters from the Indian sub- past-some in carriages, some at Buckingham Palace at continent. on horse-back. 1630, when the Queen and And after the servicemen So the procession will go the Duke of Edinburgh will follow the carriages of the on. come out on to the Palace Sultans. Four heroes of the last balcony to wave to the cheer- Then an escort of war will come riding four ing crowds outside and to mounted military police and abreast Field Marshal Sir watch a fly-past of the Royal more carriages - this time Claude Auchinleck, Field Air Force. bearing the Commonwealth Marshal Earl Alexander of The ceremony and prime Minsters. Tunis, Field Marshal Lord Pageantry of an historic day Each Prime Minister, ex- Ironsie, and Field Marshal is over-but the rejoicing goes cept Mr Nehru, has a Viscount Montgomery of on as Londoners dance in the mounted escort from his own Alamein. streets and make merry until country behind his carriage. Then the Queen's coach the small hours of the Last of the Prime Minis- at last draws into view, pre- morning. ters is Britain's own Sir Win- ceded by escorts of Colonial

100 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in her Coronation Gown, whieli was designed by Norman Hartnell.

101 Her Majesty the Queen and members of the Royal Family. The photograph was taken in the Throne Room at Buckingham Palace. In this delightful group are: left to right (front row) H. R. H. Princess Alexandar of Kent. H. R. H. Prince Michael of Kent. H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent. H.R.H. Prince Margaret. Her Majesty the Queen, wearing the Imperial State Crown. H. M. Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. H.R.H the Princess Royal. H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester and her two sons Prince William and Prince Richard. Behind Her Majesty are the three Royal Dukes, left to right. H.R.H. Duke of Gloucester. H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince Consort, and H.R.H. the Duke of Kent.

Part of the Commonwealth and Colonial contingents taking part in the Coronation procession en route from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace.

102 Perayaan2 Hari Kemahkotaan Di-Kuching

Perayaan2 bagi mera'ikan upachara Hari Hari Kemahkotaan. Di-tepi jeraya2 dalam Kemahkotaan Seri Baginda Queen Elizabeth kawasan pasar telah di-gantong dengan Yang Kedua itu telah di-lansongkan buat lampo electric yang berwarna warni dan Bandar Kuching sa-lama satu minggu penoh, bendera2 lambang diraja dan tanglong2 mulai' dengan rasmi-nya daripada 30 May se- kemahkotaan yang berlukis dengan gambar hingga 6 June, dan tamat-nya pun berbetolan Baginda Queen dan Duke of Edinburgh. pula dengan Sambutan Harijadi Seri Baginda Dapat-lah pula di-saksikan pemandangan2 sendiri. yang endah dengan aneka warna dan suloh- Di-kampong2 pada sa-minggu dua sulohan pada bangunan2 Kerajaan, gudang2 terdahulu daripada minggu perayaan itu kompeni, rumah2 persekutuan, kedai2 dalam dapat-lah di-lihat murid2 sekolah telah mula pasar, dan tidak pula ketinggalan masjid2 dan gagau dengan persediaan mereka. Dapat-lah gereja2, serta di-tambah pula dengan pintu2 di-perhatikan betapa giat dan gembira gerbang yang elok berpasang dengan lampo kanak2 itu memenong bagaimana hendak electric di-sagenap kampong itu. Maka membentok tanglong2 daripada kertas wama Bandar Kuching pada malam2 perayaan dan batang2 buloh yang telah di-bahagi tersebut ada-lah terang benderang saluroh- kapada mereka itu — mau berupa bintang- nya. Dari jaoh diluar bandar dapat-lah di-lihat kah, atau ikan atau kapalterbang? — supaya kawasan bandar itu bersinar-sinaran sa-olah2 padang terbakar, entah demikian-kah dapat mengalahkan buatan2 rakan mereka gerangan-nya pemandangan yang di-saksi yang lain. Ibu bapa juga tidak khali daripada oleh Wan Umpok dan Wan Malini kutika anak runsing kerana anak2 mereka itu telah Raja Suran itu turun di-Bukit Saguntang menuntutkan supaya dapat pakaian uniform saperti di-cherita dalam Sejarah Melayu itu. baharu ganti yang telah lurch wama kerana mereka telah khayal akan mengambil Pada tiap2 malam pula dalam minggu bahagian dalam temasha2 yang di-untok terma'alum itu terdengar-lah rioh rendah utama-nya buat Pemuda dan Pemudi bagi bunyi kaki orang2 lalu lalang di-jeraya2 mera'ikan pertabalan Baginda Queen yang dalam pasar dan kampong, tetapi dikawasan juga muda julita yang menjadi Ratu pada pasar-lah tempat orang2 bergumpol penoh zaman mereka. Sambil menantikan ketibaan sesak di-sagenap jeraya danlorong, sahingga Hari Kemahkotaan itu budak2 itu juga meng- gerak peijalanan pun menjadi berlambatan. hafalkan lagu kebangsaan yang akan di- Di-sapanjang minggu itu telah di-adakan nyanyi beramai-ramai pada hari yang ber- bermacham permainan, pertunjokan, isti'adat sejarah itu. Permainan mereka yang biasa itu rasmi dan layanan. Pertunjokan sarempak tertinggal lansong; kadang2 mereka ber- bagi Bunga2, Tanaman dan Kehutanan telah duyun pergi ka-sekolah masing2 kerana ber- di-adakan di-Medarasah Melayu; Lomba macham latehan yang perlu atau bersiar2 ka- Kuda di-Padang Sarawak Turf Club; pasar dan di-kampong kerana melihat aneka Pertunjok-kan Surat2 bersejarah di-rumah persediaan itu. Ah! dapat-lah di-perhatikan Museum; satu majhs Dancing berupa inter- ayer muka mereka yang penoh dengan national di-Sarawak Club; Pertandingan gembira dan kesukaan waktu melalu'i pintu chontoh2 kapalterbang di-Padang Matamata; gerbang atau melimpas bangunan yang ter- Pertandingan Basketball di-gelanggang per- hias. mainan Happy World. Jamuan dan hiboran bagi orang2 sakit kusta di-BatuTiga Belas dan Walau pun pada mula-nya chadangan2 orang2 dza'if pun tiada juga di-lupa, dan tentang persediaan di-kampong2 itu tidak mereka telah di-layan dengan jamuan teh dan berkehendakkan tenaga terus dari anak2 pertunjokan wayang gambar dan kumpolan kampong salain daripada dengan jalan orang2 sakit kusta pun dapat mendengar kutipan, tetapi di-belakang dari itu pula Tua2 lagu2 merdu dari Pencharagam Sarawak Kampong serta anak2 kampong sakalian Constabulary. Murid2 dari sakalian sekolah telah di-kerah juga mendirikan pintu2 pula bergilir pada tiap2 hari dalam saminggu gerbang dan perhiasan dalam kampong itu di-hibor dengan pertunjokan wayang masing2. gambar pada tiga buah panggong ia-itu Rex, Apabila sampai 30 May maka musta'id-lah Sylvia dan Lilian. segala persediaan dan perhiasan menyambut

103 Kemudian-nya tiba-lah 2 June ia-itu Hari lah usongan2 yang di-hias dengan macham2 Keamasan, Hari Bertuah dan bersempena, ragam. Lepas sabuah, sabuah lagi melimpas, Hari terchatit-nya lagi Sejarah British dengan dan tiap2 sabuah ada sahaja menerbitkan ke- peridaran zaman baharu — Zaman Elizabeth elokan bersendiri dari tenaga tiap2 bangsa yang di-perchaya akan memuleh samula itu dan pada itap2 usongan itu ada-lah ter- kuasa dan kema'amoran British di-'alam ini. bentang lafaz "Allah Selalmatkan Queen" ia- Dinihari lagi, adek2 atau anak 2 sekalian itu lafaz yang suchi morni terbit dari senubari telah bangun dan mandi — dingin pun di- tiap2 bangsa yang mempersembahkan tahan juga — berhias dan memasokkan usongan2 itu untok menzahirkan ta'at setia pakaian uniform mereka. Ada yang tiada mereka ka-bawah Seri Baginda. Perjalanan berselira lagi hendak makan atau minum bagi perarakan itu termasok juga sabahagian pada pagi itu kerana fikiran-nya telah ter- kawasan kampong, jadi mana2 orang yang tumpu atau melayang nun di-Padang Seko- tiada berpeluang hendak pergi ka-pasar pun lah St, Thomas. Terpaksalah kakak atau mak* dapat-lah juga peluang menyaksi perarakan itu memujok mereka makan supaya jangan yang endah itu. kena kebuloran dan. kepeningan dalam Lain2 keramian ia-lah satu jemputan Gar- temasha yang akan di-hadziri mereka ia-itu den Party di-Astana pada petang hari itu. upachara pereksaan murid2 dari semua seko- Astana juga di-bebas buat lawatan orang lah oleh Yang Terutama Tuan Governor dan ramai pada 3 June. Temasha yang juga di-iringi kemudian itu dengan baris kehor- menarek perhatian ia-lah Perhimpunan matan melimpas Tuan Governor di-hadapan Pemuda2 dan permainan2 dari mereka yang Gudangubat Peoples Clinic. Wah! bukan ke- telah di-adakan di-Padang Sekolah St. Tho- palang ramai peninjau bergumpol di-situ mas. Pada malam di-adakan perhimpunan itu kerana hendak menyaksikan upachara itu. dapat-lah di-lihat di-situ kanak2 dari semua Dengan suara yang gemuroh sarempak de- sekolah dengan tanglong bergumpol dan ada ngan bahasa masing2 dan di-temani pula juga yang mengambil bahagian di-atas pen- oleh pencharagam, murid2 itu menyanyi-kan tas menunjok bermacham lakunan. Sapatut- lagu kebangsaan. Satelah kena panas pagi itu nya perhimpunan itu di-lansong pada sa- waktu pereksaan, wajah murid2 itu pun jadi belah petang 6 June tetapi malang-nya hujan kemerahan dan bersinar dengan rinchek2 telah menggendala dan terpaksa di-tukar peloh dan dengan keadaan demikian-lah pada mala/n yang lain. Banyak lagi per- mereka berbaris melimpas sambil menghala mainan yang lain saperti majlis Dancing di- muka kerana memberi honnat kapada Tuan Governor yang sedang membalas pula de- Sarawak Union Hall, Sukan bagi sakahan ngan tabek kapada mereka. Langkah2 mere- sekolah, Bunga api, Pertandingan Football di- ka itu tetap chergas mengikot bunyi pen- Padang Padungan, Pertandingan Badminton charagam yang membawa jalan mereka itu. di-antara daerah, majlis Tarian Kemahkotaan Kemudian daripada itu sakalian mereka ber- di-Astana dan pada 6 June di-adakan Baris gumpol pula di-Padang Museum sama2 ber- Kehormatan di-Padang Sekolah St. Thomas do'a atas keselamatan Baginda Queen. kerana menyambutkan Harijadi Baginda Queen. Lomba Perahu juga akan di-adakan Pada sabelah malam itu pula, telah pada 1 July dan Temasha Menuba lepas itu di-adakan perarakan lampo dan usongan2 kelak, dan semua keramian ini ada-lah atas berhias dari sakalian bangsa. Sakali lagi nama Kemahkotaan. orang2 berduyun menuju kapasar. Sunggoh Buat penutup renchana ini, penulis suka pun chuacha gelap bahkan memang hujan menerang perasaan bangga terhadap tenaga rintek2 pada malam itu, tetapi kawasan pasar yang telah di-tunjok oleh pehak Melayu terutama jeraya2 yang di-lalui' oleh perar- dalam masa perayaan2 itu. Walau pun per- akan itu telah penoh tumpat dengan manusia sediaan dan perhiasan itu di-jalan dalam yang tidak menghiraukan ugutan kuyup dan bulan Puasa, tetapi sakahan muafakatan dan demam. Kereta2 tertahan. Pasokan Matama- ikhtiar itu berjalan dengan memberi puashati ta pula tiada alpa dari beijaga kerana menge- dan menerbitkan bekeijasama dan bersatu lak langgaran dan kechedaraan di-atas orang padu pada melansongkan perayaan2 yang ramai. Perarakan itu bergumpol dan mula akan menjadi ingatan khas-nya kapada bergerak dari Padang Football Padungan, adek2 atau anak2 mereka dan kapada sa- tetapi orang2 telah sedia menantikan-nya di- genap lapisan ra'ayat am-nya, ada-nya. sapanjang jeraya2 yang dilintas-nya. Kemu- dian datang-lah kereta Pasokan Matamata T.A. yang membuka jalan. Sabentar lagi sampai-

104 The Coronation through Chinese Eyes.

The Coronation is over. Not only in the a colony's progress owing to his inustry and his British Isles but throughout the Common- control over local finances, and he is pre- wealth we have acclaimed Her Majesty sented as a potential source of trouble Elizabeth II, as our rightful Queen. The pomp especially if he fails to recognize that his first and pageantry, on .a scale unrivalled hereto- duty is to the land of his adoption.'He is the fore, with which her peoples of all races, faiths inveterate, proud upholder of hiw own culture and creeds everywhere in the Commonwealth and tradition, in the belief that he is helping to celebrated this occasion were the sincere out- preserve something ancient and noble; and he pourings of loyal hearts who take pride not may resist attempts to initiate him into modern only in their young and radiant Queen now ways, yet he readily aligns himself with gloriously reigning, but also in the Coronation progressive thought and sends his children to as reaffirming the faith of those men and English schools. Thus the ordinary overseas women who regard the Crown as a symbol of Chinese may find himself in the unusual posi- the unity and free association of peoples of the tion of trying to keep up a link with his father- same ideals and hopes, around the leadership land on the one hand, while on the other he of a noble Queen who has so early dedicated strives to confirm with the requirements of the her life to this purpose. country in which he lives. Yet in spite of this This realization by Her Majesty's peoples situation, which is at once puzzling to others of different races has been, above all else, the and embarrassing to himself, he belongs mainspring of the widely spread and essentially to a race of peaceloving people spontenous rejoicings which characterized whose interests overseas are perhaps entirely the Coronation celebrations, and is financial, actuated by the time-worn principle undoubtedly an encouraging sign that augurs of providing adequately for his dependants. well for the harmonious relations between Her The subject of politics does not appeal to the Majesty's Government and the Common- majority of them who neither seek to unravel wealth of Nations in these times of storm and its mysteries nor care to be engulfed in its stress. meshes, because they are heirs to a race that No less encouraging is the fact that this had always attached greater significance to realization is equally understood and proceeding nonchalantly with the business of treasured by the Chinese Community Over- their farms and livelihood than to the subter- seas in her far-flung territories. This is evident fuges and machinations of succeeding from the recent mammoth efforts on the part of regimes. And where they live under colonial the Chinese Community in Hong Kong, the rule they have, since early days, shown their Federation of Malaya and Singapore, in our willingness to co-operate with the authorities own Sarawak and the North Borneo terri- and manifest their loyalty, either tories, to celebrate Coronation week in such unobtrusively as in the grim days of the fitting mariner as has won unstinted praise Occupation or with the colourful pageantry, of from the local press that Her Majesty the which the best Chinese minds can conceive, Queen would have been proud of the homage as the recent Coronation processions bear wit- paid to her. ness. Her Majesty would truly be proud when A year ago, the despicable behaviour of a she reflects on the knowledge that she can minority group who attempted to introduce count on millions of Chinese in her overseas chaos and anarchy into Sarawak and to foist realms whose hearts throb and thrill with ideologies, foreign and dertrimental to her pleasure at the thought that, she is, no less interests, on her peoples particularly her than to her other peoples, their Queen, and youth, had necessitated the coming into force that if among these vast throngs there is a of the Emergency Regulations. The Chinese minority who think and act otherwise, she will community in Sarawak rose to the occasion as appreciate that this fact is as much deprecated one man and were at one with Government in by their own community. its determination to enforce law and order, realizing, as they have always done, that it is The overseas Chinese is often described as through peace, goodwill and friendship that an enigma. He is regarded as indispensable to

105 progress is made possible and that force and with her Coronation the ushering in of a new disorder would reap only destruction. They Elizabethan age of prosperity. The love and realized, too, that the firm measures imposed esteem in which she is held by her subjects, as by the Government did not in any way reflect head of a wondrous family of peoples and on the loyalty of Chinese community. Today, nations of every clime, is likewise held in their thanks to the vigilance of the authorities and hearts. But they also rejoiced because they the active co-operation of all communities, know that the worst is now over and that peace and prosperity have returned to the henceforward they can go forth with a new land. confidence, and a new trust that they can work And so while all races living in Her together again with other races on the road to Majesty's realms widely rejoiced at her nationhood and fulfilment on the basis of Coronation, the Chinese community in mutual respect and goodwill which had been Sarawak, like their brothers in Malaya, have conspicuous of their relations with others in had an added reason for celebrating. They the past. rejoiced that a new Queen was crowned and

Hari Elizabeth II Di-Pasok Nyadi Queen.

Nama enggau brita nya utai ti di ka- Nya alai di Kuching Tuai China ngadu ka angkun lalu di ka-rindu ka mensia maioh. Nya aum sida ba club China, Melayu ba club alai dalam bulan enam taun 1953 tu kamari, Melayu, Tambi ba club Tambi, tang kitai nama enggau brita ti pemadu iya di dinga Dayak deh, laban nadai club puas mimit kitai pansut ari England. Laban 2 hari bulan 6 ngadu ka aum, tang seninjik enggai malu, tu kamari nya maia Elizabeth II dipasok ka nyadi'ga pengawa laban pemanah iring sida ti nyadi Queen di menoa England. Nyadi laban tuai. Udah baum dua tiga kali nya baru temu leka timang enggau sampi enggau mimpi pengawa ti ka di sanggup di kerja sida ti Tuai- indai iya ti beranak ka iya udah tepantup, nya Tuai Kampong ti semak Kuching. Bisi ti alai semoa dunya datai ka kitai di Sarawak tu nyanggup ngada ka prengka gendang, bisi ti pen enggau orang gaga ngerami hari nya nyanggup mai orang ti endang landik ngajat, enggau naka olih. skeda nyanggup mai indu dara ti bajik-bajik Nya alai ninga gerah Perintah hari nya ka awak ka bengepan Dayak di iring bejalai di rami enggau pengaga enggau pengerindu, leboh rami nya. Nya alai kena ngaul pengawa semoa bansa di Sarawak sedia magang-nge- nengri, berunding ga sida ti tuai nyukai reja pengawa diri leboh hari nya. Kited Dayak motor-lorry dua buah lalu di lagu enggau pen kiroh diri ga enggau bansa China, bansa mendira, di-umba enggau ngepan kena nge- Melayu, bansa Tambi enggau bansa orang nulu ka bala Dayak leboh bejalai musin Putih ti di menoa itu. Lalu gaga bendar bansa nengri Kuching. Laban nya enang udah putus kitai meda Penghulu Jugah pen kena pilih ga dalam aum besai, semoa bansa dalam nyadi pengari bansa Dayak lalu di kirum Sarawak, enggau indu enggau nembiak be- enggau bansa bukai meda pengerami hari jalai berintai bulih empat batu. Angkat ari nya di England. Ditu meh kitai meda bansa Pasar Padungan lalu musin nengri Kuching. kitai enda ditinggal ka orang ga dalam pen- Hari besai pen yau semak ka semak semua gawa besai tu. ati mensia maioh, dipeda pen, mansang besak Kena ngerami hari nya Perintah ngasoh ka besak lalu betambah enggau ati gagit sida ti tuai-tuai mai nembiak diri, baum. Tuan enggau ati rindu ngemesai ka haii nya. China pen baum enggau membiak diri, Tuai Hari Besai pen nyau datai, semoa bansa Melayu pen baka-nya mega, lalu Tuai kitai bela pen udah tembu magang sedia ka nem- Dayak pen ngerah nembiak diri mai baum, biak diri di bai bejalai. ngadu ka jalai gaga lalu ngerami pengerindu Udah nyau bejalai semoa bansa bela enggau pengandal Queen ti dipasok nyadi nyukai motor-lorry magang kena ngenulu ka besai. bala. Lalu semoa lorry tu tadi di lagu maioh

106 macham. Orang ti nepan dia pen nadai enda panggong besilih berari muka gambar ka ngepan, lalu nadai enda main. Bisi ti ngajat, sida, lalu semoa utai tu nadai bebayar. Nyadi bisi ti ngelulu ka diri ngena ngepan Queen, sekumbang pengerami nya, semoa mensia ti bisi ti ngelulu ka diri ngena pekayan soldadu enggau bepansa endang brupai rindu — enggau maioh jalai bukai mega, jalai ti magang gamal moa. Nadai siko sida ti tusah madah ka pengaga enggau pengabis basa ka gamal moa dipeda, semina orang ti enda pengawa Queen di England. Bisi lorry ti di sabaka pengerindu enggau kitai, ia-nya sida gaga baka gamal gajah, baka gamal burong ti ti gila. besai, baka gamal kapal perang, tang enggi Semoa pasar-pasar enggau rumah-rumah kitai Dayak di lagu enggau mendira lalu di Kuching, naka penmanah dipeda laban di ngundan orang ti betaboh lalu ngajat. Lalu lagu magang-magang enggau mendira lorry kitai ti dulu bendar, disangking ka ba enggau semoa utai ti ngasoh mata tau rindu. tiang perabong—gambar Queen ti besai, lalu Api pen maioh ga dipasang. Malam siti jam iya ti dudi agi di dudok ka sida Kenyalang pukol 8 bisi main bunga api ba padang Kubu rakong ba tiang luan. Nadai tuai ngemanah di sebrai pasar lalu maioh bendar mensia ti nya gamal di peda. nengkila. Nya alai lepas semoa jalai pen- Dalam pejalai tu tadi semoa bansa ti meda, gerami tu tadi, kena semoa bansa dalam begulai, bechampor-gaul, manjong, ketawa Sarawak ngaku Elizabeth ka Queen sida nya sama ngelantang ka diri. Semoa orang ti sambeyang. Tang dalam Sarawak maioh besai-besai enggau semoa orang, nadai be- bansa, lalu pengarap pen maioh, lalu maioh pilih bansa, nadai bepilih gamal, ngerami hari ga jalai sida mantup ka ati ti bendar ka betuai ka Elizabeth. tu semoa enggau jalai diri empu magang. Ukai semina nya ga jalai orang ngintu hari Naka ti dipeda tak rindu, tak gaga magang besai tu tadi, lalu bisi ga lumba di padang, bisi bansa dalam Sarawak, lebih agi jako kenang ga pengerami ti endang di bagi ka sida ti sida ka indu, tu meh baru ka pransang be- nembiak agi, awak ka pengerami ka Queen tu sekula lalu ngemansang ka anak indu kena tadi nyadi ka pengingat lebih agi ka sida ti ngelai ketungkah indu nyadi Queen dunya nembiak, awak ka brita enggau nama tu bisi baru, lalu hari nya besai bendar kai pransang dikenang sida ngagai serak di dudi. sida ti indu. Nambah ka semoa pengerami tu tadi, sida Pesah ari semoa bansa Dayak, kami ngajih nembiak skula endang bisi diberi alai man tup ka Queen gayu guru gerai nyamai nguan ka pengagit ati laban semoa panggong- menoa.

107 The Queen's Birthday Parade

The National Anthem was played. The new look of the Sarawak Constabulary.

Three cheers to Her Majesty the Queen leading by His Excellency the Governor.

The official birthday of the Queen was playing ground. celebrated in Kuching on 8/6/1953, when A record crowd of spectators comprising of units of the Sarawak Constabulary (in their various races surrounded the decorated play- new black and white uniform for other ing ground to witness the Governor of Ranks), the Field Force, Boy Scouts, Girl Sarawak taking the salute and the beating of Guides, the Red Cross Society and the the Royal Standard after inspecting the units Sarawak Constabulary Bank took part in the on parade. His Excellency took the Salute at grand parade at the St. Thomas's school the March Past.

108 His Excellency the Governor Sir Anthony Abell in uniform inspecting the Boy Scouts. Girl Guides from the different schools and the Red Cross Society during the Queen's Birthday.

109 A recepienls received his Coronation Medals. Mr Ling Siew Iug

The rending of the honour of Rev. Fr. A.W. Sionion

Earlier during the ceremony His Stonton of the S.P.G. Mission. He also Excellency presented the insignia of M.B.E. to presented Coronation Medals to a number of Mr Ling Siew Ing of Sibu and Rev. Fr. A.W. recipients.

110 The March Past

The Sarawak Constabulary The Red Cross Society (Men)

The Girl Guides

The Boys Scouts

111 Happiness Springs From Simple Things -1955

Happiness springs from simple things, and That does not mean that Sarawak is back- the people in Sarawak - and in Brunei and ward. Far from it. During the nine years since I North Borneo as well, still have the wisdom to first came here you and I have seen live comparatively simple lives, Mr Malcolm tremendous changes in this country. There Mac-Donald, Commissioner General for has been steady, even rapid, progress. Up the South East Asia, said in a recorded farewell rivers for example, there has been an almost broadcast over Radio Sarawak. revolutionary advance from rather primitive to He said: more modern conditions. In Iban, Kayan, I first came to Sarawak on July 1st, 1946, on Kenyah and other native districts many the historic day when, as Governor General, I schools have sprung up where none existed accepted on behalf of His Majesty King before; mobile dispensaries have brought George VI the deed of Cession made by His public health provisions to hitherto Highness the Rajah. I then fell in love with this undoctored regions; up-to-date agricultural country and its people, and I have remained a training has greatly improved methods of faithful friend ever since. Now I am leaving husbandry, and a widespread system of local South East Asia to go to India. India is one of self-government is teaching the people to the most important countries in the world, and manage all their own affairs. As for the latest it will be a great experience to live and work scientific amenities of mid-Twentieth Century there. But there are two jobs that I would society, wireless sets are now installed in rather have than that of High Commissioner in many long-houses in Borneo's remote interior, New Delhi. One is District Officer, Kapit and and revered Dayak chieftains give talks and the other is District Officer, Marudi. I should enchanting Dayak girls '."pantuns" in the dearly like to stay amongst my Iban friends on programmes of Radio Sarawak. That is a the Rejang and my Kenyah and Kayan friends dramatic example of the progress which has on the Baram, and to make occassional jaunts occurred in the last nine years. also to the busy, populous capital, Kuching to Similar developments in economic, social meet my Malay and Chinese and British and political affairs have taken place every- friends there. where throughout Sarawak, amongst all Many nations in the modern world have communities. People who left Kuching or gone crazy. In their pursuit of material Sibu, Simanggang or Miri and their hinter- progress and power their governments have lands a decade ago, and who have been got involved in political rivalries, quarrels and absent ever since, would find it hard to ambitions which cause their people a lot of recognise many features in their ways of life, if frustration and misery and danger. Those they suddenly returned now. No violent nations know not contentment, because they upheaval has caused the trasnformation. have forgotten that happiness springs from There has been no revolt, no clash, no fighting simple things; and they know not peace here, as there have been in some other places. because they do not remember that one of the By gradual, peaceful, constitutional processes Supreme Virtues is mutual I tolerance and something like a revolution is occurring in goodwill between neighbours. Sarawak. In Sarawak - and in Brunei and North That is partly because it is Britain's policy Borneo as well - people still have the wisdom here, as elsewhere, to give the local people all to live comparatively simple lives. the benefits of modern living, to encourage Uncorrupted by vast, soaring, stupid unattain- them to develop their own capacities to the able ambitions, most of them are content so utmost, and to train them to assume over long as they have enough food to eat, a roof greater responsibilities in managing their own over their heads to protect them from the affairs in public affairs, placing less tropical wind and rain and sun, interesting importance on their differences of colour and work to do, and the affection of their families creed and culture and more importance on and friends to make life sweet. So in a troubled their common interests as citizens of the same world Sarawak and its next door neighbours land. They find themselves united in their remain peaceful lands inhabited by happy loyalty to Sarawak and so a united nation is populations. gradually being formed.

112 In some countries in South East Asia the peaceful and happiest people on earth. picture has been very different during the last The progress is partly due, too, to the facts nine years. In them violent stifle has been that the various races who compose Sarawak's stirred up, fighting and bloodshed and misery population are all gifted; they can take full have been constant features of their national advantage of new ideas and methods; and life. Race has been turned aginst race, creed they wish to advance with the times, and to against creed and class against class. It has create here a modern, liberal society. So been largely the work of Communists, who progress in Sarawak has been the result of a preach the doctrine of jealousy and hate. Do continuous act of co-operation between the not ever listen to Communists in Sarawak. government and the governed, between the They would soon break the peace and friend- British authorities and the local Bornean ship, the progress and prosperity to which you people. are accustomed. Another reason why changes have come Remember that not only in national affairs, here peacefully is that there are no suspicions, but also in international affairs all men are no rivalries between the different racial brothers. Just as you give a fine, practical, groups in Sarawak. The Malays, the Chinese, example of that in your own small scattered in the Dayaks, the Melanaus and others are all territories across all the five continents and on tolerant, friendly people, who recognise each islands in all the seven seas, live in perfect other's good qualities, who regard each other peace and permanent concord together. War as fellow citizen of their common homeland, between any member of the British Common- and who work naturally as partners together wealth is unthinkable. They are for ever to promote its prosperity. friends. They have attained the ideal towards This co-operation between the different which all humanity is striving. races is essential. It is the secret of continuing Those are some of the thoughts provoked peace and well-being in Sarawak. That is why in my mind as I look back on many years of the recently formed local government bodies most pleasant association with Sarawak. And like District Councils and Divisional Councils in bidding you "farewell" I thank you for a are so significant. On them, in centers like million kindnesses, I thank you for some of the Sibu and Mukah and Limbang, the leaders of best and most abiding friendships that I know all the communities are learning to work and I express the prayer that you may long cordially together. maintain your reputation as one of the most

113 His Excellency the Commissioner General for South East Asia Mr Malcolm Mac-Donald.

114 ROYAL VISIT HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE PHILIP CAME TO SARAWAK AND IN A THRILLING 41-HOUR VISIT CONQUERED THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE WITH HIS MAGIC-LIKE CHARM

His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Scout. He and his schoolmates built a cutter, Duke of Edinburgh, was born at Corfu on 10th and he took part in several sailing trips to June, 1921, son of Prince Andrew of Greece. Shetlands, the Hebrides and Norway. He was On his father's side he is of Danish descent; so expert a sailor that he was allowed - a pri- Prince Andrew was a younger son of King vilege granted to few - to be in charge of an George I of the Hellenes, son of King Christian adult on board. IX of Denmark; however, when Prince Philip, Prince Philip was head of his school when renouncing this royal title, became a British he left to become, in May, 1939, a Naval cadet. subject, it was under his mother's family name In choosing a naval career he was following Mountbatten, because his father's family have the tradition of the Mountbatten side of his no family name. family. Prince Louis of Battenberg was an His mother was Princess Alice of Admiral of the Fleet and First Sea Lord; his son Battenberg, eldest daughter of Prince Louis of the second Marquess served in the Roya Navy, Battenberg, who was naturalised in 1868 and like Prince Philip's cousin the third Marquess during the first world war took the name of and his uncle Admiral Lord Mountbatten of Mountbatten, renounced his royal title, and Burma, the present First Sea Lord. became the first Marquess of Milford Haven. He was still at the Royal Naval College, Prince Louis wife was Princess Victoria of Dartmouth, when war broke out. At Dart- Hesse, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, so mouth he was awarded the King's Dirk as the that the Duke of Edinburgh, like Queen best all-round cadet of his term, and the Elizabeth II, is one of Queen Victoria's great- Eardley-Howard-Crockett prize as the best great grandchildren. cadet. Later when taking his sub-lieutenant's The young Prince came to Britain at an examination he gained four firsts and one early age to be educated making his home second, winning nine months' seniority out of during his holidays with his grandmother the a possible ten. Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven or In January 1940 he went to sea as a mid- with his sister in Germany. From a preparatory shipman in the battleship Ramillies, and after school, Cheam, he went to Mr Kurt Hahn's serving in the cruisers .Kent and Shropshire he school at Salem, Germany, and after the Nazis' was appointed at the end of the year to the rise to power moved with him to Gordonstoun, battleship Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet. near Elgin in Scotland. He was popular with A few month later came the battle of Cape his school-fellows and known as a good Matapan, when he was in charge of a section sportsman; he was an enthusiast for games of searchlight control in the Valiant; for his and swimming, and was captain of the work during the action he received a mention school's cricket and hockey teams. Mr Hahn in dispatches from Admiral Sir Andrew was a progressive schoolmaster, one of whose Cunningham (Now Admiral of the Fleet Lord educational theories was that his boys should Cunningham of Hyndhope). take part in the local life of the town and After returning home to qualify as sub- neighbourhood. Prince Philip, as he was then, lieutenant Prince Philip was appointed to the was well-known to the towns-people of Elgin destroyer Wallace. Promoted lieutenant in and made friends among the local boys, whom June 1942, he became the Wallace's First he met on the cricket field and on fishing and Liuetenant in the following October, being sailing expeditions: he kept up many of these one of the youngest officers in the Navy to be friendships, and during the war would renew second-in command of a large destroyer. In old contacts when on leave in the north. July 1943 he took part in the Sicily landings, His love of the sea showed itself early. He when Wallace covered the Canadian beach- was a keen oarsman and qualified as a Sea head.

115 In 1944 he was appointed First Lieutenant He had been sworn of the Privy Council in in H.M.S. Whelp, one of Britain's newest December 1951. In 1953 he was Chairman of destroyers, just nearing completion. He sailed the Coronation Commission. As President of in her for the Far East, took part in the war the Royal Mint Advisory Committee he was against Japan, and served for a time as A.D.C. concerned with the choice of the coinage for to his uncle Lord Mountbatten, then Supreme the new reign. Allied Commander, South East Asia. He was His interest in science is outstanding. The present at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo British Association for the Advancement of Bay. Science invited him to be its President in 1951, After the end of the war he served in two the year of the Festival of Britain. He made a training establishments, at Pwllheli in North great impression with his presidential Wales, and at Corsham in Wiltshire; at the address, which dealt with Britain's contri- latter he was one of the two officers res- bution to the development of science and ponsible for the training of petty officers. Only technology during the past hundred years, officers with a high record for leadership are and which was described by Sir Harold Hart- selected for these duties. ley, the previous President, as "a most discern- In July 1947 the engagement of Lieutenant ing survey". In the course of the address he Mountbatten - he had renounced his royal title dwelt on a aspect of the subject which particu- on becoming a British subject in February larly interests him, the practical application of 1947 - to Princess Elizabeth was announced. scientific discoveries, saying that the concrete The marriage took place in Westminster measurement and indirect effect of all scien- Abbey on 20th November. On its eve King tific effort was the general improvement of George VI created the bridegroom Duke of health, in the expectation of life and standards Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron of living. A nation's wealth and prosperity, he Greenwich and a Knight of the Garter, and said, were governed by the application of sci- authorised his use of the prefix "His Royal ence to its industries and commerce. Highness". The Duke gives further evidence of his in- terest in the application of scientific discover- In the years immediately following his ies by his eagerness to study scientific work at marriage, the Duke of Edinburgh continued his naval career. In October 1949 he went to first hand, and he has visited research stations Malta as First Lieutenant of H.M.S. Chequers, and laboratories all over the country. leader of the First Destroyer Flotilla, He is interested not only in the industrial Mediterranean Fleet. In July 1950 he was applications of scientific research, but in in- promoted Lieutenant-Commander, and dustry as a whole, and many of his visits have shortly afterwards took over his first been made with the object of getting to know command, H.M.S. Magpie, a frigate based on the industrial life of Britain at first hand. He Malta. He commanded her until July 1951, has been down coal-mines, and has toured when he went on indefinite leave, it being factories, engineering works and industrial announced that he would take up no more plants. When in December 1955 he paid a visit naval appointments until after the return of to the Austin motor works at Birmingham, the the King and Queen from their proposed occasion was made a private one, at his own Commonwealth tour. When King George's request. The Chairman of the British Motor health made this exertion impossible, Princess Corporation told the workers: "There will be Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh under- no flags, no reception committees, no guards took the proposed tour and began the journey of honour, no formal presentations, and no red which would have taken them to Australia and carpets. The Duke wants to see a factory as it is New Zealand had it not been interrupted by every normal working day, a thing he can nev- the sudden death of King George VI. er do on formal occasions." Since the accession of Queen Elizabeth II, The Duke of Edinburgh succeeded the late the Duke of Edinburgh has played an King George VI as patron of the Industrial increasingly important part in the nation's life, Welfare Society. It was not, however, as a pat- and has interested himself in many of its ron of this Society but on his own initiative that aspects, particularly those associated with he caused arrangements to be made for a con- scientific and industrial development, and ference at Oxford in July 1956, H.R.H. the with sport. Duke of Edinburgh's Study Conference,

116 attended by men and women from all the famous Marylebone Cricket Club. Commonwealth, conducted a practical study A few years ago he took up flying, received of the human aspects of industrialisation and, a course of instruction from the Royal Air Force in particularly, those factors which make for and qualified as a pilot, and later learned to fly satisfaction, efficiency and understanding, a helicopter. He is Grand Master of the Guild both inside industrial organizations and in the of Air Pilots and Air Navigators of the British everyday relations between industry and the Empire. community around it. The Duke Edinburgh holds several foreign His Royal Highness was promoted Com- decorations and has received honorary de- mander in the Royal Naval in June 1952. In the grees from a number of universities. He is following December it was announced that Chancellor of the Universities of Wales and the Queen had approved his appointment as Edinburgh, and a Life Governor of King's Col- Admiral of the Sea Cadet Corps, Colonel-in- lege in the University of London. In July 1955 Chief of the Air Training Corps - appoint- he was patron of the Conference of European ments previously held by the late King George Rectors and Vice-Chancellors of Universities VI. In January 1953 came the announcement held at Cambridge, when he delivered the that the Queen had approved his promotion to opening address. Admiral of the Fleet and his appointment as In April 1952 the Queen created him a Field Marshal and Marshal of the Royal Naval Knight of the Thistle, and the following Air Force. He is also Colonel-in-Chief or Col- September she declared by Royal Warrant onel of a number of Regiments, including that that he has "place, pre-eminence and prece- which is called after the earlier holder of his dence" next to herself "on all occasions and in title, The Wilshire Regiment (The Duke of all meetings, except where otherwise pro- Edinburgh's). vided by Act of Parliament." In February 1957 He takes a keen interest in the three Ser- it was announced that Her Majesty had vices. He has attended Fleet exercise, and has granted to the Duke of Edinburgh the style visited Royal Air Force and Army units in Ger- and dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom, many on many occasions. and that he should in future be known as "The The Duke of Edinburgh has consented to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. be Patron or President of a large number of The Duke has made many visits abroad bodies. He is President of the English-Speak- with the Queen since her accession as well as ing Union, a position held by Her Majesty the tours and visits to all parts of the United King- Queen before her accession. An organization dom. During their Commonwealth tour of in which he takes great interest is the National 1953/54 they visited Bermuda, Jamaica, Fiji, Playing Fields Association, in whose pres- Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Ceylon, idency he succeeded Lord Mountbatten in Uganda, Malta and Gibraltar. Early in 1956 1948. This voluntary body, which has affili- they visited Nigeria, and in 1957 made a tour ated country and city branches in Scotland of Canada (which they had earlier toured and Northern Ireland, was founded in 1592 together in the autumn of 1951) followed by a with the object of securing adequate playing visit to the U.S.A. On this trip the Duke was fields and playgrounds for children and young made a Privy Councillor of Canada. A further people, either directly or in co-operation with visit to Canada is planned for the summer of local authorities and societies. 1959 when the Queen will open the new St. The Duke is President also of the Central Lawrence Seaway. The Duke has also accom- Council of Physical Recreation, which is com- panied Her Majesty on her State visits to Nor- posed of nearly two hundred national organi- way (1955), Sweden (1956), Portugal, France, zations, including governing bodies of games, and Denmark (1957) and the Netherlands sports and outdoor activities, the national (1958). voluntary youth organizations, many social On his account the Duke has visited a num- services bodies, and of the principal organiza- ber of overseas countries. When serving in the tions concerned with physical education and Mediterranean he paid courtesy visits to rulers health education. of Middle Eastern countries and to the Presi- He is still a lover of many kinds of sports, dent of Turkey. In November, 1950, he took plays polo, races at Cowes Regatta, and is part in an important constitutional occasion, Admiral of the Royal Yacht Squadron. He was when he opened Gibraltar's new legislative from 1949 to 1950 President of the M.C.C., the

117 council. In the summer of 1952, with the young member of the Royal Family to either of those Duke of Kent, he attended the Olympic Games countries since they became indepedent. Now at Helsinki, and on his journey paid informal he is continuing with an extensive tour of the visits to Norway and Sweden. He made a Far East and the Pacific. second tour of Canada in the summer of 1954, and in October, 1955, visited Denmark in the Royal Yacht Britannia, when he attended the British Trade Fair at Copenhagen and was entertained by the King of Denmark. In the following November he opened the 1956 Olympic Games at Melbourne, and made his visit to Australia the occasion of an extended tour of that country and New Zealand and of island territories of the Commonwealth. He visited the Brussels International Exhibition in the summer of 1958 on the occasion of the British National Days. In October, 1958, he again visited Canada to attend, as President, the World Conference of the English-Speak- ing Union of the Commonwealth. Early this year His Royal Highness repre- sented the British Association for the Advancement of Science at scientific meet- His Royal Highness the Prince Philip. ings in India and Pakistan - the first visit by a Duke of Edinburgh

The Suite of H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh

Sir Alexander Fleck, K.C.B., D.S.C., LL.D., F.R.S. Sir Alexander Fleck's career is one of the most remarkable of the times. A Glasgow boy The Private Secretary he was compelled by poverty to leave school at Mr James Orr is of Australian extraction; the age of fourteen. He secured employment an old school fellow of H.R.H. he was as a laboratory attendant, but worked appointed Private Secretary in 1957. assiduously at night classes until he attained the standard requisite for university entrance. The Equerry Meanwhile he saved sufficient to pay his Squadron Leader John de Mill Severne, expenses to the University of Glasgow. He A.F.C., is an airman of note; his decoration graduated in chemistry and quickly achieved commemoratesa peculiarly hazardous fame as a research worker in the field of radio- experiment which he carried out with Venom activity. Later he was engaged in manage- jet fighter in 1955. ment and organization, and in 1953 was elected Chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries. He has maintained a lively interest in research and was elected President of British Association in 1958.

118 Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fraser of North Cape, Sir Alexander Grantham, G.C.M.G. G.C.B., K.B.E. Sir Alexander Grantham spent much of his Admiral Fraser was a cadet on. the old youth in China and in 1922 entered the training ship Britannia, and early Colonial Service in Hong Kong, where he distinguished himself as a mathematician. His served for thirteen years. He was then sent to interest was in gunnery, and he was later the West Indies, but returned to Hong Kong, responsible for the development of the this time as a Governor, in 1947. His fourteen-inch naval gun, which many at the knowledge of China in general and of Hong time thought excessive. During the last war he Kong in particular enabled him to discharge was in charge of the Murmansk convoy, in the his new duties in a time of peculiar difficulty to course of which he had many stirring the satisfaction of all. The affection which he encounters; in one of them he sank the commanded was shown by the extensions of Schamhorst. For his services he was awarded his term of office at popular demand. In 1955 the Soviet Order of Suvorov. At the end of the he visited Pekin, and the same year his term of war on behalf of Great Britain he endorsed the office was again extended. He retired in 1957 Japanese deed of surrender at the memorable amidst universal regret. scene in Tokyo Bay.

I-KUCHING

Preparations began early for the visit and Pergam. He went aboard at 3.40 p.m. and one of the first ostensible signs was the brought Brittania to Kampong Sejingkat just demolition of the row of wooden garages at after 5 p.m. Admiral Dawnay much regretted Pangkalan Batu, housing the Governor's cars that he had not been able to agree to bring and those of a few cross-river residents. This Brittania to Pending but had the weather been was replaced by an expanse of asphalt, unfavourable, this might have involved some making the approach to Pangkalan Batu more risk and no chances could be taken which open and forming a convenient marshalling might prejudice the Royal Tour. ground for Constabulary guards. At Sejingkat were the Government Arches then began to blossom forth in va- launches Zahora, filled with Scouts, rious parts of the town, the Municipality put up Kenyalang, Menaul and Adeh with two their colourful heraldic shields and strings of hundred school children, Tembadau with bunting criss-crossed the streets above the Marine and Customs staff and their relations traffice. Policemen, in large numbers, and many other launches and speedboats. marched hither and thither. Crush barriers There were also sampans, with gongs beating, went up around the garden at Pangkalan from the village schools. His Royal Highness Batu. Cleaning and painting went on and boarded the Royal Barge at 5.25 p.m. and left floodlights were produced. The Courthouse, Brittania, escorted by two launches, for Sungei in the floodlighting, looked remarkably fine — Biawak. Before leaving, in the first of many as did the Kubu at Pangkalan Batu — and thoughtful gestures, he went round the justified its claim to be regarded as the most waiting launches waving to the passengers. A pleasing architecture in Kuching. group of water-skiers from the Kuching Boat On the day itself, the 26th February, Club appeared, seemingly from nowhere and Kuching was crowded with country visitors passed and repassed the Royal Barge, bearing from near and far. The neighbouring towns of banners of welcome and miraculously pre- Bau and Serian were reported to be deserted serving their balance in the commingling and a great concourse of sampans clustered washes. round the wharves indicated the arrival of Radio Sarawak had an airplane over the many by water. Accommodation was a pro- river and broadcast a vivid commentary on the blem and parts of the kaki lima were strewn progress of the Royal Barge. This commentary with sleepers on the night. was subsequently matched by outside H.M.Y. Brittania was met at Tanjong Po in commentaries from all the principal points of a choppy sea by the Director of Marine in M. V. the Tour.

119 At 5.40 p.m. the Duke landed at Sungei crest and the monogram of the Princes, with Biawak and was greeted by His Excellency the date of the royal visit inside. They and the the Governor accompanied by the Com- bangles were made from Bau gold and were missioner of Constabulary. Members of Su- handed to the Duke by two Scouts and a preme Council and their wives were then pre- Guide. The Governor expressed the hope that sented to him. The Chief Justice had the ill- the gifts would remind His Royal Highness of luck to be indisposed and was unable to be the prayer of the people that one day he would present then on subsequently. After the pre- return to Sarawak together with Her Majesty sentations, the Duke entered a white, open the Queen. car, accompanied by the Governor and the A presentation of a different nature was Honorary A.D.C. and drove into the town, made by three Dayak girls who, after singing a waving to the groups of people and school pantun in honour of the Duke, gave him a children along the route. From Padungan on glass of tuak which in keeping with tradition, there were crowds along the road and a he drank at one go. The Duke expressed his barrage of fire crackers began as the royal car thanks for the gifts and said that he hoped to came into Main Bazaar. Here, at the Chinese come back one day and have some more tuak Chamber of Commerce, a special welcome and that the gifts would remind him of this. was given to the Duke by a committee headed A display of fireworks from the river-bank by Mr Tan Kui Choon. below Fort Margherita began as the Duke left The Astana sampan, fresh in white and the Club to return to the Astana at midnight. yellow, was waiting, manned by six paddlers The weather, on the afternoon of the 26th, and a helmsman at Pangkalan Batu. The Duke looked ominious but the rain kept away and it waved gaily to the cherring throng surround- was a fine night. Next morning, the sky was ing the Pangkalan before boarding the dark again and it began to rain as the Duke, sampan and stood up in it all the way to accompanied by the Governor, began to cross Pangkalan Astana waving cheerfully back to the river from the Astana at 8.15 a.m. to the the crowd. reverberations of a twenty-one gun salute After a private dinner at the Astana, a from the signal guns of the Police Training Reception was held, attended by five hundred School. Crowds lined the river and guests of all races from all parts of the country, surrounded Pangkalan Batu and the approach many of them in national dress. The guests to the Courthouse where a Special Meeting of were presented to the Duke in the drawing- the Council Negri was to take place. The Na- room and he frequently stopped them for a few tional Anthem was played by the Consta- words of conversation. On the lawns behind bulary Band and the Duke, in the tropical uni- the Astana the Constabulary Band was form of an Admiral of the Fleet, with the Garter playing and, when the presentations were Star glittering at his breast, inspected a over, the Duke came down and mingled hundred-man Guard of Honour in pouring informally with the guests before crossing the rain. On the conclusion of the inspection, river again to the Union Club where various damp but undaunted, the Duke was received Malay, Dayak, Chinese and Javanese enter- by the President of the Council Negri and Mr tainments took place on a stage erected on Justice Briggs at the Courthhouse. Saint Thomas's playing-field. Chinese dra- Inside the Chamber, batteries of lights, put gons challenged the Duke's entry to the Club up for the cameras, cast a brilliance over the but were appeased by an ang pow. The Duke array of Council Negri Members in traditional was presented on the stage with gifts from the dress and uniform. Loyal Addresses were people of Sarawak. For himself and for the made by the President in English, Datu Prince of Wales he received gold cuff-links, Bandar in Malay, Temenggong Jugah in Iban and for the Princess Anne he received a pair of and Mr Khoo Peng Loong in Mandarin. gold bangles. The cuff-link bore the Sarawak

120 Address in Council Negri THE LOYAL ADDRESSES

From the President of Council Negri, Mr The past ten years have witnessed a steady A.R. Snelus. increase in medical services, reaching out into May it please Your Royal Highness: the most remote areas. The foundations of a On behalf of the members of this Council, I nationwide education system have been laid, welcome Your Royal Highness to Sarawak, affecting every race, no matter how ill- and wish to make it clear how greatly we favoured by geography or by historical back- appreciate the honour of Your Royal High- ground. Roads have been built through ness' presence in this Chamber today. It is the swamp and jungle in country presenting un- first time that a Member of the Royal Family usual and difficulty engineering problems, has taken part in our deliberations. That the and airfields constructed. Quiet riverside Council's first Royal visitor should be no less a bazaars have grown into flourishing towns. person than Your Royal Highness gives to the Meanwhile, under the new Constitution, a Members of Council, and to all the people of substantial measure of self-government has Sarawak, the greatest satisfaction and pride. already been introduced, through urban and This Council consists of the elected and district councils; and it is intended that this nominated representatives of the principal process shall continue. races of the country. Like many of the best and It is, however, felt that constitutional pro- most enduring institutions of Sarawak, it gress will be fruitless if it fails to maintain and originally came into being under the regime of take account of the present friendly relations the Brooke Rajahs. which subsist between all of Sarawak's di- It may not be unfitting on this Royal and verse races. historic occasion to pay tribute to the great This characteristic respect for the work of the Brookes, who laid in this land the aspirations, the traditions, and also for even foundations of a viable State. the foibles, of neighbours of differing religion, Since the cession of Sarawak to the Crown, language and culture is Sarawak's greatest he Government has inherited, and has sought legacy from the past. It is not a dry legacy, a to maintain and extend, a great tradition of faded parchment, but a reality vital and full of administration, based on close personal con- meaning to every one of us in our daily lives. tacts and understanding between individual civil servants and the people with whose wel- I trust that, even on this all-too-short visit, fare and progress they have been entrusted. Your Royal Highness will perceive the truth of this, and the importance of it. It is within this The Nine Cardinal Principles enunciated framework that, with God's blessing, Sarawak by the Third Rajah in 1941, when, but for the will develop into a modern state, with a Japanese invasion, Sarawak would have population happy and proud to live here, and taken its first step towards internal with the British and Commonwealth self-government, have been enshrined, with connexion a valued asset, enriching the lives the Queen's consent, in the present Constitu- of all who have the good fortune to be born tion, and are the basis upon which, under the within its dispensation. guidance of Her Majesty's Government, the present development of Sarawak is pro- On behalf of the Members of this Council, I ceeding. would humbly request Your Royal Highness to This development has proceeded surely, convey to Her Majesty the Queen our deepest and, in view of the country's difficulty, geo- expressions of loyalty and respect and an graphy and diversity of language and race, assurance of the great pleasure which Your with a rapidity which is the more suprising the Royal Highness visit his occasioned us. more deeply one examines the problems in- volved.

121 Translation of the Address of Welcome by the Honourable the Datu Bandar, C.B.E.

May it please Your Royal Highness, to give cern of Her Majesty and of Your Royal High- me the honour and the privilege, on behalf of ness for our well-being, for our prosperity, and the Malay people of Sarawak, to express our for our progress towards nationhood. In fra- delight and pleasure on the occasion of Your ternal association with the United Kingdom Royal Highness's first visit to our country. and with other Commonwealth countries we Short as must be the time Your Royal Highness look forward to the development of Sarawak can spend among us on this occasion I believe in peace and tranquility. We are well aware of that the warmth of our welcome will be me- Your Royal Highness's interest in, and promo- morable and that the sincerity of our feelings tion of, scientific and technical progress. We manifest to all. believe that such will increasingly be placed The extensive travels which Your Royal at the service of Sarawak in the years which he Highness is constantly making in the service ahead. of our Sovereign and our Commonwealth are a In formally bidding Your Royal Highness a formidable contribution in promoting our more cordial welcome to our shores, I request common unity and welfare. The strengthen- that you will convey to Her Majesty the Queen ing of these ties which unite us in a common the sentiments of loyalty and devotion which sense of purpose and in devotion to those high the Malays of Sarawak feel towards her per- ideals for which the Commonwealth stands, sonally as well as in her august capacity as has ever been Your Royal Highness's greatest Head of the Commonwealth. I wish Your endeavour and this is an impressive service to Royal Highness the greatest possible pleasure us all. during your stay in Sarawak and it is our We Malays are well known for our loyalty greatest hope that in the reasonably near towards, and love of, our country, and in our future we maf look forward to a further visit blood lies a deep devotion to the tradition of from you, on that occasion accompanied by monarchy. We know well the constant con- Her Majesty the Queen.

Translation of the Address of Welcome by the Honourable TemenggongJugah

Your Royal Highness, are evident everywhere. This is so because we On behalf of the Dayaks and other races in have no racial distinction among us. The local Sarawak, I have the greatest pleasure in authorities in the various parts of the country welcoming Your Royal Highness to this coun- are composed of people from many races. try and in extending to you the good wishes of Likewise the Council Negri and the Supreme our people. We are indeed honoured by this Council which are functioning in good har- first visit to our land by Your Royal Highness. mony under the wise guidance of our leaders Ever since we have come under the wise and His Excellency the Governor. rule of Her Majesty the Queen we have en- We hereby extend our best wishes and joyed peace and happiness. This country is grateful thanks to Her Majesty the Queen and free from any trouble, and peace and progress to Your Royal Highness.

122 Translation of the Address of Welcome by the Honourable Mr Khoo Peng Loong, O.B.E.

We are greatly honoured and happy on this elected by the people in accordance with the occasion of His Royal Highness' visit to Constitution. The elected members of various Sarawak, a visit that enables all people to see races are devoted to their duties, as provided His Royal Highness personally. in the Constitution, with the intention of We Chinese have been settled here for a serving the country and its people. Although long time, and we have long regarded this as we are still in the period of learning, we our own country, after finding the climate mild believe that in the very near future we will be and the friendship sincere among the races able to show our ability and fulfil Her Majesty who have ever lived with us in harmony. Be- the Queen's wishes. sides that, a good Government has wisely Today, we are living a happy and prospe- maintained peace. There still exists a certain rous life. This achievement is on one hand prejudice among some people who think that derived from the unity and co-operation of all the Chinese are people from a foreign country. races and on the other hand depends on the But in fact, it is admitted by all that the aid of the British Government, and the wisdom Chinese have done no less than any other race of Her Majesty the Queen who has success- for the development of Sarawak. And it may fully appointed good Governors to lead us. be expected that we shall continue to give the His Royal Highness cares not of the great country our wholehearted loyalty and make distance, but renders us a visit today showing even greater efforts for its prosperity, because the Queen's and his own love and care for us, we have accepted Sarawak as our country. We and giving us great honour and happiness. sincerely hope that the friendship among the With pure loyalty, we welcome His Royal various races will be further strengthened, in Highness and offer him our greatest respect. order that we may live as a big family, like We sincerely hope that His Royal Highness brothers and sisters, helping and loving each will convey our deepest appreciation and other, never apart. highest respect to Her Majesty the Queen After the new Constitution received the when His Royal Highness returns to England. approval of Her Majesty the Queen, the Again we offer them both our ever best majority of the Council Negri members were wishes.

123 A bound volume of the Addresses was presented to His Royal Highness PRINCE PHILIP'S REPLY

Mr President, Honourable Members: Take the Commonwealth for example. British Administration from the earliest times I have always enjoyed travelling especially has fostered and encouraged local language when it brings me to such a charming and and culture, but for practical purposes of ad- friendly place as Sarawak. I have often heard ministration, law, commerce, engineering and of your hospitality but even so I was not pre- science, education is in English. The practical pared for the kind and generous welcome I result is that the leaders in every sphere of have received from so many people. human activity can understand each other. It was particularly thoughtful of you to in- This ability to exchange ideas in a common vite me to attend this meeting of the Council tongue is both a link binding the countries Negri to present these four Addresses of Wel- together as well as a very practical advantage come. As you have kindly provided me with in trade, commerce and science. translations of what has been said in Malay, There is another characteristic of the Iban and Mandarin I can truthfully say that I Commonwealth which I would like to men- greatly appreciate your expressions of loyalty tion. There is an automatic sympathy and in- and affection to the Queen. I will see to it that terest in the progress and problems of other she receives a copy of what has been said as I Commonwealth countries. On the national know it will give her very great pleasure. level there is the Colombo Plan and other The Queen takes a close and personal similar co-operative schemes but this also interest in the well being of all the people of applies to individuals. All the Universities of the Commonwealth and Empire but I know the Commonwealth are willing and anxious to that she has a special place in her heart for all be of service and I am delighted to hear that so those people who suffered loss and damage many men and women from this country are during the last war. We have been following taking advantage of this. the progress of your reconstruction with ad- I am also interested to hear that there are miration and sympathy. several boys from British schools performing I hope and believe that this progress will be useful voluntary service here in the Govern- maintained in peace and growing prosperity ment's Community Development projects. but it would be idle to suppose that there are The Commonwealth exists to make this no problems. The four Addresses heard this sort of exchange possible and I hope that they morning illustrate the problems of a multi- will be continued and expanded to the benefit racial society, the difficulties arising every day of the countries concerned as well as an when people of different race and customs live example to all the world that the Common- side by side. Only commonsense in deciding wealth is a brotherhood of nations and a what is in the best practical interests of the brotherhood of people. State and tolerance of the cultural traditions of The Queen, as Head of the Common- all will produce a happy and progressive com- wealth, sends you and all the people of munity. Sarawak her best wishes for a happy and successful future.

124 Here the Royal Duke alights under a yellow umbrella —a sign of royalty. This arch of modern design was erected by the Malay Community. Four people each bearing an item of Malay Royal Regalia (sireh box, betel nut box, candle and spitoon) came up to the Prince who touches each article in turn. The Datu Temenggong then throws yellow rice over the Duke and touches his hands with "Tepong Tawar" applied with a gold spatula.

The Duke, accompanied by the President Here was the first of the Malay arches and of the Kuching Municipal Council, then left a dais, draped in the royal yellow, with an the Courthouse in an open car, heading a pro- assembly of leading Malays waiting for the cession of cars, to begin his tour of the town. Duke. The car stopped just short of the dais The people of Sarawak are not given to public and the Duke, followed by the Datu Bandar, demonstrations and it is not their custom to dignified in black and gold, was led, under a wave or cheer but the numbers waiting in the yellow umbrella, by the President of the Malay rain and lining the streets testified to their National Union to a seat on the dais. There he enthusiasm. The procession went along was welcomed with beras kuning and tepong Gambier Road through decorated arches put tawar, and a sireh box, pinang box, candle and up by the Chinese community and the Indian spittoon, the regalia of royalty, were presented Muslim League, past the Open Market where, to him, touched by him and returned. He appropriately, the rain, which had dwindled received a gift of an illustrated album of photo- into a light drizzle, stopped and on to Datu's graphs of the six Malay arches, all depicting Road. aspects of Malay culture, which he would pass through on his tour of the Malay Kampongs.

125 The procession, on arrival at Satok Road, tuak, part of which he drank and part of went along to the junction with Rock Road which, in Dayak fashion, he returned to the and turned up it to the round about at Badrud- girl for her to drink. din Road where it stopped. A Land Dayak - At the hospital, the procession made an cum-Sea Dayak arch had been erected at this unscheduled stop so that the Duke could visit point and the Duke was welcomed by a pan- the Chief Justice and Mr Justice Lascelles, tun from a Dayak girl and given a glass of both of whom were patients. The procession continued along Crook- shank Road, Central Road and Ban Hock Road where the Duke visited one of the new flats and had tea with the tenant. The pro- cession then returned to Pangkalan Batu via Wayang Street, Carpenter Street, dense with crowds and bunting, and Rock Road and cros- sed to the Astana. By this time the sky was clearing - clearing up for Sibu, everybody said — and by the time the Duke returned from the Astana it was a brilliant morning. The time was 11.40 a.m. as he got, once again, into the car and was driven off to the airport. Here he said goodbye to Kuching and to those members of Supreme Council not going to Sibu, entered the waiting Heron aircraft with the Governor and re- appeared at the cockpit window where he waved a final goodbye before taking-off, piloting the plane himself, for Sibu. It was a whirlwind, crowded visit. One can only hope that the Duke enjoyed it as much as the people did. This account should not close without a description of the orderliness of the crowds. There was no pushing or breaking ranks and the royal progress and the task of the police was made easy.

126 II - SIBU

Before the Duke's arrival some people were heard to say "It is really worth his coming for such a short while?" Admittedly we would all have liked his visit to be longer, and no doubt Sibu seems the centre of the world to us and we are surprised H.R.H. did not insist on staying here longer, but when the fullness of the Duke's programme in British Borneo is carefully studied and it is remembered that British Borneo is but just a short episode in a very tiring and strenuous world tour and Sibu is only a tiny place compared with Karachi, Delhi or Hong Kong, it is remarkable that he found time to come here at all and certainly the people in Sibu showed in no unmistakeable manner that they considered his visit worth- while, even if it was only a short one. Grown ups and their children in crowds here have now seen the Duke and will often recall this occasion in future and those who have seen him will always feel far superior to those that haven't, even if at the time they were only babes in arms. Furthermore the Duke's visit made Sibu realise it was not satis- fied with its appearance, which in places was unnecessarily dowdy and unkempt, and all concerned (the public, the S.U.D.C. and the Government) made a great effort so that the Duke and his entourage and the press would take away pleasant memories of Sibu. Roads were hurriedly made up, buildings which had long needed a coat of paint, but in normal circumstances would have gone on waiting for Temenggong Juguh unak Burieng greeting H.R.H. Prince it, are now resplendant in many coloured Philip of Edin- burgh. at Sibu Airport February 1959. hues. Eyesores, to which we had got attuned, such as broken-down cars or piles of old drums off the road-side have been removed or at any minute attention to organization and detail of rate concealed. An attempt (which proved the Police, which enabled them amongst their successful on the day) was even made to con- achievements, to surprise the Duke by seeing trol the pigs, goats, fowls and dogs that the same faces lining the route several times normally wander unconcernedly about Sibu's over. roads and airstrip. Rehearsals sometimes in pouring rain or The Duke's visit was an overwhelming very hot sun took place, and finally the great success, and so far as I know everything went day arrived. The weather was overcast (and off according to plan! Amongst the many who cool) with big rain clouds circling Sibu. Ru- devoted a great deal of time and trouble to mours came in from Kuching that it was rain- achieve this state of affairs, the credit must ing there, and the more pessimistic of us fore- largely go to the Public Works Department for saw a miserable visit for H.R.H. Nevertheless the hard work they put in for weeks before- Sibu put on a festive appearance with its hand in what was mostly real landas weather arches, banners, loyal greetings and masses of at its worst; to the encouragement and exam- flags. Before the roads were closed at 12.30, ple of the Chairman of the S.U.D.C.; and to the people in their best clothes were going round

127 in a holiday mood on tours of photography and under the magnificent Sibu Chinese com- inspection of the decorations. The Ibans in all munity arch (decorated with paintings by a their finery created a stir as they went out to Sarikei boy) to Channel Road where the Ro- the airport, where they were much photo- man Catholic School children were on one graphed and interviewed by the press. School side, while on the other near the S.U.D.C. children from within and without Sibu assem- offices the firemen and their engine were on bled alongside the roads until it looked as parade. Sibu's population has never been a though Sibu was 90 per cent composed of chil- demonstrative one and are unused to cheering dren. As guests to the reception in the Resi- and waving, and some strangers to Sibu may dency began to arrive in their smartest clothes have thought the welcome of the public lining the heavens became ever more threatening the streets lacked cordially, but to those who and overcharged with rain, and people re- know the locals of all races it was clear that the called to one another how on the previous day public was delighted with what they saw and it had been about 1 p.m. that the rain had with the Duke and I hope he himself was not arrived and it hadn't stopped until nearly 5! abashed when he waved at people and they were too shy and awkward to wave back. The rain held off while H.R.H. piloting his own plane, landed and he and H.E. the Gover- The procession carried on to Central Road, nor were greeted by the Resident. The press, where one of Sibu's most unpleasant looking radio and television which had arrived earlier swamps had been transformed by P.W.D. into went into action. The Duke inspected a-very a most unpromising looking morass of filling smart guard of Iban ex-Sarawak Rangers now from near the airport. On this occasion howev- in the Field Force Reserve, many of whom had er two grandstands and a bansal had been given up collecting engkabang to come to erected and in the middle was a dais for the Sibu. He then went on and walked close past Duke. The grandstands were filled with the shed with the assembled penghulus and S.U.D.C. and Government's guests, while the their close relations, and got into his car (ex- bansal was crowded with the penghulus and No. 1 car from Kuching) and drove off down their families who had been whisked there Queensway, while the air-crew were hospital- from the airport by a fleet of buses. The Duke ity entertained in the airport. walked to the dais through a corridor of The Duke led the procession down Chinese, Iban and Melanau boys and girls in Queensway past the very smart-looking staff national costume. He was shown plans show- and students of the Teachers Training Centre, ing how it was proposed to transform this mes- under the very attractive arch at Sungei sy looking area into a pleasant square for pe- Merah, past the Methodist School area and destrains with the future town hall on the side Government officers in uniform (Forest, and the post office on the other. At Mr Ting's Nurses, Marine, Customs, Agriculture, War- request he agreed that his area be named ders, Court Peons), who were lining Bridge "Edinburgh Place". An Iban boy and girl now Road and swept into the Residency garden present H.R.H. with a fine suit of traditional exactly on time and his personal standard was Iban clothes for H.R.H. the Prince of Wales and hoisted. Here he surprised people by refusing a Malay girl and Melanau girl present him to take time off to refresh himself but imme- with a beautiful Melanau Islam set of clothes diately called for the guests to be presented to for Princess Anne. These gifts were from the him and the time saved thereby was spent in people of Sarawak. The sun very nearly shone chatting to many of them. The party at the at this stage! Residency was a success though I cannot agree with the Singapore newspaper corres- The Duke, with Mr Ting still beside him, pondent who considered it was the biggest went on up Ramin Way and past the Chung party in living memory in Sibu. Incidentally Hua School children and turned left along those who were close enough could see the Kampong Pulau Road, where the procession Duke was wearing his Sarawak cuff links pre- halted. H.R.H. got out and inspected the Girl sented to him in Kuching. Guides lining the street on one side and H.R.H. (with Mr Ting Lik Hung in atten- walked on to the unusual but most attractive dance) now insisted on going in an open Land entrance to the King George VI Memorial Rover, as the weather momentarily looked less Ground. This is another case of the trans- threatening, and the procession set off down formation of a swamp. Some years back Sibu's Island Road past cheering school children garbage was deposited in this area and CO-

128 vered over with earth. More garbage had to standstill while it passed under the local peo- find a home and Kampong Pulau was moved ple's very attractive arch. to a new and better laid out area, and recently And so back to the airport, a little ahead of working at top speed and under very adverse time, and it seemed likely the Duke would weather conditions, the P.W.D. has converted beat the heavy rain. He said goodbye to the this unpleasant two acres into a three quarters Resident, the Supreme Councillors, Mr Ting finished 440 yards race track with a football lik Hung and Temenggong Jugah and went field in the centre. The Duke cut a ribbon de- to his plane waving at the Guard which gave claring the Memorial Ground open and went him three rousing Iban cheers. Once again through the arch with its lifesize Kayan por- piloting his own plane, and with the Governor traits of humans on one side, and spoke to the aboard, the Duke took off for Lutong; he had representatives of the Sibu Sports Council and beaten the rain, which gave up the struggle the teams representing various sports from all and left Sibu alone for the rest of the day, and over the Division assembled there. He then there was no doubt in the minds of everybody went back under the arch and talked to the concerned, that though the Duke's visit had Boy Scouts and once more got into the Land been short (less than two hours) it had been Rover, this time accompanied by Datu Tuanku well worth while. Bujang and the Resident. There was now no To tidy up the story it should be mentioned hint of sunshine and we were all wondering that local and outstation tua2 kampong had how much longer the rain would hold off. been clustered round the kampong arches. On The procession slowed down to very nearly the previous day a selection committee had a stand-still at Kampong Nyabor arch, which followed the royal route through the kam- unfortunately the Duke could not see at night, pongs and had decided that the prize for the when it is beautifully lit up, and then went on best kept kampong should go to Kampong past the mosque and along Kampong Datu Datu/Hilir with 34 points and the second prize Road. The crowd was much thinner here to Kampong Nangka with 29 points. (nearly all the Malays had gone into town), but All the arches were very fine but in my even so there were plenty of colourful specta- opinion the two that were outstanding were tors and the Duke could see how many com- the ones raised by the communities at Sungei pounds had been brigtened up for his visit. Merah and Kampong Nangka, for they were The procession speeded up again near Green in traditional styles and in the case of Kam- Road so that the Duke could see the children of pong Nangka were made out of traditional the Abang Ali School and the arch erected at local materials. the entrance to Kampong Hilir Road. After this That nights fireworks were let off from the the procession speeded up again as it went Memorial Ground and though a few appeared along Kampong Hilir and Kampong Nangka damp and some of the most appreciated were Roads to nearly the end of Kampong Nangka those that landed in the crowd emitting flame where there was another arch and a crowd of and sparks, the show went off very satisfac- people. The Duke stopped his car and watch- torily. ed Melanau children doing their traditional Finally to show how lucky we had been and rather dangerous swinging (itot) near the with the weather, the next day from 1 p.m. to 3 remains of an old burnt-out Melanau long- p.m. (the time of the Duke's visit) Sibu was house. By now a faint drizzle could be felt so experiencing a tropical downpour which in speed was increased until Sungei Merah was U.K. would have been called a cloudburst. reached when the procession came nearly to a I.A.N.U.

129 Ill - MIRI

"The Fourth Division of Sarawak wel- the gateway, and then the procession halted. It comes H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh". This had reached the Town boundary and here the was the inscription on the arch that greeted Chairman of the Urban District Council (Mr J. the Duke at Lutong Airport when the Heron Woods) and members of the Council were as- touched down at 4.20 p.m. - and a wonderful sembled. The Resident introduced the Chair- welcome it proved to be. man to His Royal Highness, and the Chairman The Duke's personal standard was broken introduced the Council. at the Airport flat-staff. His Royal Highness Within the Royal Crown gateway, Miri alighted and the Honourable the Resident, Mr waited on the tip-toe of expectation. Holiday J.C.B. Fisher, O.B.E., moved forward to be in- crowds had assembled in warm sunshine tem- troduced by H.E. the Governor. Thereafter the pered by a cool sea breeze, a breeze strong Resident introduced the Division Manager, enough to billow the banners of the pro- Sarawak Shell Oilfields Limited, Captain D.R. cessional route. Thousands of upturned faces Gribble and the Paramount Chief of the had scanned the skies for the royal plane and Baram, the Honourable Temenggong Oyong just before ten minutes past four the Heron Lawai Jau, M.B.E., G.M.C. and then had passed directly over the Kingsway, its marking clearly visible. The Hon'ble Mr Chia Chin Shin The Duke now entered an open Hillman The Hon'ble Mr Chan Yong Kow Minx car and the tour of the town began. The crests of the Mission School saints, Saint Col- The Honourable Mr Atahar Khan umba to the left and Saint Joseph to the right, The Hon'ble Tua Kampong Muip to bless His Royal Highness. A little knot of English school children from Piasau, the As the royal car, a Humber Super Snipe, Urban District Council Chinese school in front set out on its journey, the Datu, in charge of the of the Council offices, and then the one- Royal Salute gunners, gave the order to fire thousand strong Public School bowed its and the guns spoke out their salute. Malay greetings. Past the Union Jacks of Sungei Kro- gunners were in national costume and the Sea kop School, and Prince Philip, seated on the Dayaks in traditional regalia. back of the royal car, waved a cheery acknow- Under the archway "Lutong welcomes ledgement to the banners of Riam Road and H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh", through the the Middle School. At the junction with oil-town of Lutong, gay with decorated dwell- Brooke Road a smart team of Bintulu Sea ings and banners, past the Anglican church Scouts, and behind them, just peeping over nestling in a clump of casuarinas and the new their shoulders, the welcome gateway of high-roofed Catholic church, the royal pro- Miri's youngest school—the Chinese Kinder- cession swung sharply right-handed to the garten. Into the straight, and there was the Pangkalan Bridge. There, at the far end, was welcome arch by Community Hall. Anchi the Castle gateway. The bridge spanning the School scouts, very smart in their songkoks, River Miri had been conceived as a draw- pointed the way to Merbau Road and a colour- bridge over a Miri moat, and the Castle gate- ful kampong welcome by the Mosque, newly way at the end was a baronial keep, sur- painted in green and white. Under the Malay mounted by a single standard bearing the Un- arch, the pillars depicting oil-well Number ion Jack. Over the draw-bridge and off on the One (1910) and oil-well Number Seven Hun- six-mile drive to Miri, slowing down only at dred (1958) and a welcome from groups of the gay gateway of the little Chinese School at Malays beating the "tar". On to River Road, Pujut where the pupils were aligned and and the High Street where the well-propor- waved a road-side welcome. The grazing buf- tioned traditional temple-style arch-way, sup- falo safely tethered by the road-side, the ported by four red pillars and two green dra- clanking wheels of the oil-wells, the church spire on the horizon, and Miri was in sight. gons, with lanterns swinging from the red Here was the magnificent Royal Crown gate- roofs, brought greetings from the Chinese way, light and graceful, piping welded locally community. The Government offices de- into the very image of the Royal Crown. Under corated native style, a rippling wave of sever; hundred souvenir handkerchiefs, and the pro-

130 cession was back by the S.E.S.Co. offices. The His Royal Highness then graciously Duke now set out on the journey to the Resi- accepted gifts dency, a journey of well-kept padangs and for himself, from the hands of the Temeng- flower gardens. A greeting to the nurses gong, twelve wooden bottle stoppers assembled at Ferry Corner, a glance to the left carved by Tama Berasap of Long Jigan, at the spacious grounds of the Middle School, and a wooden fruit bowl carved by Tama a welcome banner surmounting its entrance Sidi, also of Long Jigan. hall, a glance to the right through the parklane to the sea, and up the steep hill to the Resi- for H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, from the dency. Here the Duke graciously consented to hands of Anye Kebing, a set of dancing plant a tree, the Flame of the Forest, at a place regalia, a tapong (Hat), a sunong (leopard near the cliff edge where it will look out across skin covered with hornbill fea.thers), a pa- the bay to Lutong. Nearby the bougainvillaea rang and a shield. were a riot of colour — never more lovely, the most delicate shades of crimson, orange, pink for H.R.H. The Princess Anne, from the and purple. hands of Ligging Ibuh (a Kelabit girl), a Dinner privately at the Residency, and labong (head-dress). then the drive to the Community Hall, Miri's newest building, a credit to both architect and Then followed the royal dancing pro- builder. By now the town was a miracle of light gramme — Iban dancers, Kayan dancers, the and colour, the Crown glittering with gems, Chinese orchestra and the Lily Dance, Kenyah and a triumphal lane of fairy lights criss-cros- dancers, a Malay zepin and mencha, Kelabit sing the route to the Reception. dancers and a farewell dance by ladies from Some three hundred guests moved around the Baram. The Royal Party rose and departed from the Library wing, up the steps, and so to from the dancing arena, having witnessed a the red carpet and His Royal Highness. To his fine exhibition by experts of six different right, and slightly behind him, stood the Resi- races. dent to help with introductions which lasted The Royal fireworks. Launching frames for forty minutes. The Duke then entered the were set up at the base of the derrick over- Hall and mingled with the guests for a me- looking the G.C.M. padang. At midnight, the morable fifteen minutes, circling the Hall dancing over, a startling Aerial Maroon clockwise, picking up the threads of the loom announced the Royal fireworks, and then a of life in Miri and weaving for himself a happy bouquet of Commonwealth and Gloria rockets pattern of Miri's churches and oilfields, her lit the sky. From prepared positions the pyro- schools and hospitals, and her romantic up- technists exploded a mine of Jewelled Ser- river races. At the appointed hour His Royal pents and a mine of Scorpions. Rainbow and Highness departed for the Gymkhana Club Radio shells and a barrage of Thunderbolts. escorted by the Senior Chiefs of the Baram. The admiring crowds below, who had The briefest of rests, and then the District thronged the padang for the dancing, gasped Officer, of Miri, Baram and Bintulu presented in sheer delight as the fireworks climbed the members of the Asian races of their districts, a sky and cascaded down in a rain of red and ceremony performed on the steps of the Club. white and blue. Here a dazzling feu de joie, The Duke and members of the Royal party there a sideshow of Roman candles and finally then passed through the imposing Bintulu a cannonade that spoke the epilogue for a gateway and took their seats in the Bintulu royal day and rang down the curtain on the grandstand. Stands and dancing platform day's events. were adorned with painted panels of native design. Before the dancing, Temenggong On Saturday, 28th February, Prince Philip Oyong Lawai Jau came forward, supported by left the Residency at 8.20 a.m. and departed his Baram chiefs, sung a pantun in honour of informally to Lutong airstrip to embark in the Prince Philip and offered borak in a silver royal aircraft for Brunei State. tankard.

131 THE SARAWAK GAZETTE, JUNE 12, 1951. Speech by His Excellency the Governor at the opening of the Council Negri, 21st May, 1951.

Mr President, Members of the Council our enemies. Banditry and violence and civil Negri: war can never become established in a I opened my address to you when we last country in which the great bulk of the met in November with a reference to the population has the determination to make a shadow which had fallen upon Asia—the positive effort to avoid these things. If we here dark shadow of a communist-inspired war. maintain our determination to live our own Since that date the fortunes of war in Korea lives in peace and amity and prosperity, and if have swung to and for with advantage now to we — all the peoples of Sarawak of whatever the aggressors, now to the defenders; perhaps race — can show clearly and without possi- the most important lesson we can to-day draw bility of misunderstanding our determination from the present state of this war is that the to resist the forces of discord introduced from force of peace, and the organisation — the the outside world. I have no doubt in my own United Nations — pledged to support peace, mind that we will succeed in doing so. have shown both the determination and the But first of all it is essential that we should ability to resist aggression. Southern Korea, build up a strong and efficient civil police the victim of sudden and brutal attack nearly force. Without such a force we cannot protect a year ago, is still substantially in the hands of ourselves from those who contrive and plot to its original masters. It has suffered great disrupt our way of life nor can we enforce the sorrow and loss; hundreds of thousands of its laws which you make in this Council. There people have lost lives, relatives, friends and are at the present moment 183 vacancies in homes, but the greater danger-the danger the established force and 122 rank and file left that its indepedence and the integrity of its the force for various reasons during 1950. The people would be swallowed up by Russia and material coming forward as recruits is not of the misguided agents of Russian plans for the best, in fact it is not up to the standard conquest, has been avoided. It is a lesson which we expect and consider adequate in which should strengthen us and support our these difficult days. Government is doing own soul and of our will to do everything in what it can to improve the position by making preservation of our own traditions. Here we the conditions of service more attractive, by do not face an immediate military threat such increasing the officer strength, and by as the people of Korea faced nor, inddeed, modernising the training and equipment. But have we so far been subject to the particular it is up to the country to produce the raw form of blackmail whereby the agents of material and I ask again that you should con- Communism have attempted to ruin the sider this vital and urgent matter with your peace of other neighbouring territories with district and divisional councils when you the weapons of intimidation and banditry. I return to your homes. I might add that at the hope, however, that all members of Council present time only 2% of the force are Chinese. realise that this should not lull us into any I am sure you all welcomed, as I did, the sense of false security. We know, unfortunately, that even here in Sarawak wise action taken in February last by Mr there are individuals and forces pledged to Brooke in withdrawing from the anti-Cession achieve the first stages of a process which can controversy of which he had been, during the only lead to internecine war and misery— past five years, the central figure. Mr Brooke's pledged to create among the peoples of appeal to his followers and sympathisers in Sarawak suspicion and dislike of each other, this country to disassociate themselves dislike for the Government, inter racial feel- further from all opposition towards Govern- ing and discord and a general atmosphere of ment upon this issue, has received a general social unrest and uncertainty which would be response. Many valued Government servants a fertile field for the more active operations of who elected to resign from the service follow- ing the Act of Cession in 1946 have recently

132 requested to be re-employed, and thus far As you are all aware, in conditions such as over 70 have resumed their duties. They have those in which we live in Sarawak to-day, the all been welcomed back by their colleagues in greatest sufferer is inevitably and invariably the public service and it is gratifying to us all the person whose income is not directly re- to see their energy and ability once again lated to commercial conditions and whose profitably employed to constructive purpose. emoluments do not rise or fall with the varia- Finally, on this point, I think it is worth my tions in the value of a particular commercial while to restate here what the Prime Minister product or a particular industrial process. The said in his telegraphic reply to the former anti- sufferer is inevitably the fixed wage earner Cession Associations in Sarawak. The Prime employed in some non-commerical activity. Minister took the opportunity to reaffirm "the The Government servant represent in Sara- unqualified determination of His Majesty's wak the largest group of such persons and I Government to guide and assist the peoples of wish to make public reference to the loyalty Sarawak in their progress towards and co-operation with which this class has self-government within the Commonwealth''. continued to serve Government in cir- The Prime Minister then went on to make the cumstances in which the economic advan- tages over their fellow men, once enjoyed by following important statement over which we the Government servants, have almost entire- should all do well to ponder most carefully. In ly disappeared. The Government has done the future, as in the past, it will be freely open what it can to relieve its servants of the diffi- to all in Sarawak to express, in a constitutional culties which rising prices, and the increased manner, their views regarding ways in which cost of commodities essential to a decent stan- progress towards self-government is to be dard of living, have brought upon them. Since realized, and any views expressed by bodies we last met there has been an upward revi- substantially representative of the people of sion of the cost of living allowance which has Sarawak would receive the fullest consi- brought some benefit, albeit only a small be- deration of His Majesty's Government. The nefit in some cases, to all employees of this constitutional form which progress towards Government. Since then the Government has self-government in the British Common- sought the assistance of the Commissioner- wealth should take could only be settled in the General's Economic Adviser to undertake a circumstances at the time". survey of the cost of living and the related I hope and pray that through the good problem of the emoluments of Government sense, the patriotism, and the inborn friend- servants, and his report, and this Govern- liness of the people of this country we have ment's recommendations thereon, are even emerged finally from a gloomy and unnatural now before the Secretary of State. phase in the life-history of Sarawak, a period which brought suffering and distress to many Government has been much criticised for people; one of these times of trial and tri- its slowness in dealing with this problem. I do bulation which, if faced with fortitude, helps not propose to reply to such critics in any de- to build and strengthen the character of a tail, but I must remind you of one thing and young and vigorous nation. that is that the money paid to the servants of We are, at the moment, passing through Government comes from the public purse; what is for Sarawak an unprecedented period that Government's advisers have a much of material prosperity. The price and volume greater responsibility as regards the distri- of our exports has never reached such heights bution of public funds than have, for example, as it has during the period since we last met; the owners of a commercial business or the there is more money in circulation, more goods management of an industrial concern for are being purchaed and a higher degree of theirs. All questions of Government expendi- ture have to be very carefully weighed in rela- general prosperity has been attained than any tion to the whole picture of what services the which anyone of us would have thought people require their Government to under- possible a year ago. To-day, a large proportion take on their behalf, and it is therefore inevit- of the population of Sarawak enjoys a pros- able that a Government should not be able to perity greater than it has enjoyed before; this, make decisions involving the increased ex- in itself, has created a strong barrier against penditure of very large sums against one or discord and disturbance, but I should like you other of the many conflicting claims always to remember that this wave of prosperity has before then, without careful and frequently not brought advantage to all.

133 lengthy, thought on the subject. There are a satisfactory result and, as the consesion lasts times like the present when this factor operate until the end of June, it might be expected to to the disadvantage of members of the Public draw off nearly a million dollars for the time Service, but you will, I have no. doubt, realise being. that there are other times when it operates The expenditure in 1950 was only about very distinctly to their advantage. No re- $16 million, which is nearly $2Vi million less sponsible Government, when faced with the than the estimate and over $53/4 million less problems which arise in times of financial dif- than the provision made. It is important to re- ficulty, reduces the emoluments or numbers member that a great part of this under-ex- of its servants without an equally long and penditure is not saved at all. The main reason careful consideration of the necessity and de- why the money has not been pent is that the sirability of such a step. men or the materials on which to spend it You can judge the extent of the increase in could not be obtained, but it has got to be wealth by the fact that about $19 million spend in future, and mostly at a time when the worth of new currency went into circulation in schemes it represents will cost a great deal 1950 and by the increase in the Colony's re- more. This means that the surplus balances I venue, which turned an estimated deficit of have mentioned are somewhat less valuable $2 Vi million for the year into an actual surplus than they appear at first sight to be. of over $13y4 million. The free surplus ba- The revenue and expenditure figures I lance has thus come to exceed $18 million, have given you do not include receipts of Col- apart from the $6 million—odd transferred to onial Development and Welfare Assistance or the Development Welfare and Reconstruction expenditure on Colonial Development and Fund. Welfare Schemes, because although these The revenue received was nearly $29 V2 ought in theory to balance each other, in prac- million and this was $13 million more than the tice they never do so over a financial year, and estimate. A great part of this increae was due, bringing them in would distort the picture. of couise, to the rubber export-duty. The price What I have said, however, about under- of rubber went to unprecedented heights and spending applies equally to them and to all the with it the duty collected on every picul ex- Development programme. ported. The swiftness of the increase caused some hardship, and to mitigate this we tem- The fact that increased prosperity and the porarily placed "ceilings" on the duty in the increased Government revenues which have last four months of the year; that is to say, it followed therefrom should, in any way, make was not allowed to rise with the price. After it difficult for Government to implement its the price steadied, the ceilings were removed, declared policy of social and economic and the rate of revenue collection in 1951 has improvement may, at first sight, be a little until the last few weeks been even higher. difficult to understand, but I can assure you The export duties have a considerable that the benefits of increased revenue have effect on the cost of living in slowing down brought with them material handicaps and inflation by removing surplus wealth: that is disadvantages, the immediate effect of which to say, if they had not been levied in their is perhaps more obvious than the long-term present form it is certain that prices and benefits which we may expect from our in- wages would have risen higher than they creased wealth. You will appreciate that the actually have. Another measure was insti- rapid and violent change in the levels of tuted with the same object, but on a smaller wages and in the cost of commodities has cre- scale. This was an effort to persuade the smal- ated problems in estimating for all our plans. ler owners of new-found wealth to save as Twelve months ago we laid before the Secret- much of it as possible for the future in the ary of State a Development Plan which was Savings Bank. We increaed the rate of interest based upon contemporary figures — later last in the Bank permanently by one-half percent, year, your Select Committee approved the and gave a special temporary increase of in- financial provision required of this Govern- terest to five percent for new deposits in ment therefore, and also approved the present accounts which are not drawn upon 12 year's Estimates. In so far as the latter figures months. The immediate effect of this was an — the 1951 Estimates — are concerned we increase of about $450,000 in deposits in the had, of course, at the time these Estimates first quarter of the year. This is looked upon as were being prepared recieved some warning

134 of the trend in costs and made some adjust- machinery; $200,000 for addition Junior Ser- ment to cover this, but we had not been able to vice Quarters and funds for an additional revise the estimates of the Development Plan block of Senior Service flats in Kuching. Provi- nor, indeed, were our Estimates for this year's sion for Sibu will include $120,000 for expend- expenditure adequate in the event to imple- iture upon the Hospital, including the con- ment a programme much of which was drawn struction of a new Outpatients Department; up 8 or 9 months ago. These, of course, are and $100,000 for land acquisition with a view minor executive difficulties. The main diffi- to clearing Sinu slum areas. A similar sum will culty, however, is much more serious and that be provided for the acquisition of present is the problem of staff and labour for the slums areas in Miri, and for such part of the money projects which this Government had in construction of the Miri Hospital as can be mind at the time these plans were drawn up undertaken this year. There will be sup- last year. The rise in prices of our export crops, plementary expenditure upon the Simang- especially the very great increase in rubber gang Hospital. Another large single item is a prices, has diverted labour, which would new Native Resthouse for Kuching. otherwise have been available to Govern- I wish now to let you have a brief summary ment, to these fields. All Departments of of the more important activities of the various Government have, to some extent, been Departments of Government during the past affected by this, but unfortunately the most six months. immediate and serious reaction has occured in The progress of Public Works during this some of the Departments whose projects rep- period has, as I have said, suffered greatly resent the most substantial and important from present economic conditions, scarcity of contributions towards Sarawak's progress. labour and materials and the rapid rise in costs The Director of Public Works' whole con- of construction of all kinds. Progress has, how- struction programme has suffered a severe ever, been made in the erection of quarters for setback and great difficulties have also been Police and Junior and Senior Government encountered by the Director of Agriculture. officers and Government office accommoda- The Departments most concerned, and the tion, which includes the construction of a new Government generally, hope to overcome Printing Office in Kuching and the. new these problems. All I wish to emphasise today Government Offices at Miri. 54 Junior Service bungalows have been completed during the is that this change in our economic circumst- last 12 months. Work on the survey of the new ances has brought with it such problems, and trunk road from Serian to Simanggang has that the immediate effect of this change upon been seriously delayed, but the present posi- this Government's policy and programme has tion is that plans for the first section, from not been entirely beneficial. Serian to the river crossing below the junction On the other hand, these frustrations serve of the Kedup and Sadong Rivers, have now to emphasise the need for planning further in been completed. It is hoped that with the advance than we have formerly been able to assistance of heavy machinery already re- do, and there are directions in which we can ceived from America under the Marshall Aid usefully lay out more money this year than we programme we shall be able to push ahead planned for at the time when the 1951 Esti- with the construction of this sector without mates were prepared and when we had to undue delay. There has been an unfortunate remove from our minds any schemes which and serious deterioration of the existing road yre could not afford with the future revenue system of the Colony which was not planned that could be forecast at that time. The pros- and constructed to carry modern traffic. It is pect are now better, and it will be possible to quite clear that special measures must be make arrangements for increasing staff, step- taken to remedy this situation, expensive as ping up the house-building programme and the process undoubtedly will be, and it has ordering materials and plant for works. A sup- been decided to seek your approval for the plementary budget will be prepared and pre- provision of another very large sum of money sented to the Finance Committee as soon as to be devoted to this purpose; the Director of possible, so that these activities may not be Public Works is preparing a programme for delayed for lack of financial authorisation. the reconstruction, and provision of all weath- Expenditure in this supplementary budget er surfacing of all the Colony roads, work on will include some $350,000 for new Public which will begin as soon as fluids have been Works Department transport and road

135 voted to this purpose. The Colony water sup- officer's period of service in the Colony to initi- plies have received attention during the ate this work. period—the laying of the new main pipe line Extensions to the Lau King Howe Hospital, for Kuching is progressing and the founda- Sibu, are being undertaken and arrangements tions for the new IV2 million gallon storage have been completed for the erection of an tank have been completed. At Mukah every- additional ward at Simanggang Hospital. thing is now ready for the installation of the Again, plans have been prepared and pre- main pipes, pumps and motors when these liminary steps have been taken for the arrive. Work has also begun upon the con- development of hospital facilities at Miri. struction of a 1200 yard by 50 yard aircraft The most interesting development in the runway at Sibu, financed from fund granted Colony's agriculture over the past six months under the Colonial Development and Welfare has been the confirmation, with this year's Act for this purpose. padi crop, of the effectiveness of the simple The Medical Department has continued to technique which has been developed in the have serious difficulties on account of shor- Paya Megok Scheme for regenerating derelict tage of staff but in spite of this its activities lalang-infested land and bringing it into have continued to expand. heavy rice production. We can now confident- Nevertheless during 1950 nursing recruits ly say that the Paya Megok scheme, where a did not suffice to make good wastage and this great proportion of the land is now worked by had the serious effect of leading to the closure members of the local Land Dayak community of a ward in the Kuching General Hospital. In with a minimum of supervision from Govern- an endeavour to meet the situation, and ment, is not only going to be success in itself, following precedent in other countries, but the model for a wide-spread extension of recruitment of assistant nurses was resorted to such schemes which should in time very great- and the approved initial establishment of four- ly increase the Colony's production of its most teen for the General Hospital, Kuching, was important foodstuff. Results in the Bijat rapidly filled. These girls of lower educational scheme in the Second Division and the smaller standard than that of the professional nurse, water control schemes in the Stapang area TVill be trained in practical nursing procedures near Kanowit have also been very satisfactory. only and will relieve the professional nurses of Activities in connection with export crops many ward duties not requiring a high degree have been concentrated upon rubber — of techincal training and skill. Should they increasing quantities of high-yielding plant- prove a success assistant nurses will be re- ing material, both clonal seed and budwood, cruited for the other hospitals in the Colony. have been distributed to smallholders and the In January, in spite of limited resources a Kuap Rubber factory which is financed from Chest Clinic Service was initiated in Kuching the Rubber Fund is now operating success- as a first step to combat tuberculosis. More fully and with increasing turnover. There can than a thousand persons have been examined be little doubt that centralised factories of this and a number of unsuspected cases have been type can and will contribute much to impro- found and brought under treatment. Super- ving the present low quality of Sarawak's rub- vision of contacts was commenced and in suit- ber exports. As far as the Department's own able instances protection with B.C.G. vaccina- domestic affairs are concerned, the most im- tion was offered. portant progress to report is the start made in In March a restricted domiciliary mid- the permanent buildings for the Department's wifery service was started in Kuching as an staff training school at Batu Lintang, financed extension of the activities of the Maternity with Colonial Development and Welfare fund Ward of the General Hospital. This organisa- assistance. tions'has the dual function of providing the The Director of Education reports to me town with a better service and of providing that the number of children attending school better training for the midwife trainees who continues to increase. The figures at the end will later work in other parts of the Colony. of 1950 showed an increase of 3 1/2 thousand The domiciliary midwifery service and the over those at the end of 1949.1 am advised by training of the midwives is under the charge of him that, parallel with an increase in the the Midwife Tutor lent by United Nations school'population which has now doubleu International Childrens' Emergency Fund since 1941, there has been a steady improve- which has kindly agreed to an extension of this ment in the standard of staffing in all types of

136 schools. The results of the activities of the operating in the Kuching district and a third Batu Lintang Training Centre are now begin- proposed for Sibu. The excise Tevenue for the ning to be felt; this institution, in its second first three months of this year amounted to year, has sent out 48 certificated teachers to $255,040 as compared with the total of Government, Local Authority, Mission and $374,520 collected during the whole of 1950 private schools. A vacation course for teachers under the old arrack farm system. You will of English in Chinese schools was arranged readily appreciate gentlemen the additional and held in January; two women teachers burden of work which these figures have laid from Chinese schools are now taking a short upon the stalwart shoulders of the Commis- teaching course in England. It has been possi- sioner and his willing staff. ble, as a result of the improvement of the staff I would like to refer to a subject which 1 position in the urban Mission schools, to make touched on in my last Council Negri address a beginning at least, in the the teaching of which is, I am certain, of great interest to all General Science. Twenty-one of the 28 candi- members of Council, and that is the progress dates who sat the Cambridge School Certifi- of local Government both urban dan rural. As cate Examination from Kuching schools in you are all aware, it has long been in our December were successful, while 91 candi- minds to grant to the Municipality of Kuching dates, including 12 from Sibu were successful a much higher degree of self determination in in the Junior Cambridge Certificate. During the management of its own affairs than has so the last six months, 2 scholarships (one to Au- far been possible, and to constitute it as a stralia and one to the United Kingdom) have fully-fledged municipality collecting the bulk been awarded for Overseas Education. of its own revenues and controlling to a great Since November last year the Forestry degree its own expenditure. A number of Department has constituted an additional 145 difficulties, including the almost inevitable square miles of reserve, including a large and difficulty of finding the staff necessary to such productive area in the Tinjar. The timber ex- an organisation, have made it impossible to port trade continues to- expand and the final begin the changes proposed before this date, figures for 1950, totalling 45,846 tons, show an but we have at last been able to solve at least increase of 15% on the 1949 figures. An some of the major problems of finance and interesting feature of these exports is the organisation. There is still a great deal of work great increase in the quantity of timber ex- to be done before the change can be effected ' ported direct to the United Kingdom. It has and it will be necessary for this legislature, been necessary, to ensure that supplies are probably at its next session, to approve the available for local building, to place an essential legislative and financial changes, embargo on the export of Belian timber. but I can at least assure you with some confi- dence that it may be possible to grant Kuching The Land and Surveys Department, which the status of a Municipality some time in 1952. has also suffered by difficulty of recruitment to its junior field staff, has, however, main- As regards Rural Authorities, Members tained good progress and I wish to make par- are aware that one of our greatest difficulties ticular reference to the progress made with in planning the expansion of such authorities the Rejang Delta Settlement Scheme, one of and the assumption by them of services which the biggest schemes of its kind ever under- they cannot at present accept has been the taken in Sarawak. problem of deciding how they can finance The Department of Trade and Customs such services. It was obviously undesirable has weathered successfully a period in which that they should continue merely to be the it has suddenly been called upon to deal with Agents of the central Government, expending export trade of a value far in excess of that funds the bulk of which were granted to them which it handled in 1949 and the first of 1950. by the central Government. A committee The figures for 1950 show a favourable trade established early this year to examine the balance of no less than $54,026,410, exclusive whole problem of the financing of these of oil, as compared with a figure of only authorities and of the services which they $2,672,340 in 1949. At the beginning of this might undertake has recently completed its year the Excise Ordinance administered by deliberations, and made recommendations the Department of Trade and Customs came which are substantially acceptable to myself into force; there are two arrack distilleries and will, I hope, prove acceptable to Council

137 when these are laid before them. They pro- accordance with the general consensus of vide for the collection by Local authorities of a their opinion, so that they will themselves number of fees and licences previously col- govern the rate of their advance and release lected by the central Government and for the from the restraining bonds of outworn cus- institution of rates, cesses and such other toms. levies as may be required to finance an The Currency Bill is a measure which will expanding programme of local social ser- be fully explained to you by my Financial vices. It is hoped that it may be possible in the Secretary. The only other bills I wish to men- very near future to begin the organisation of a tion are the Immigration and Passport Bills. It particularly large and important authority in had been hoped to present these to Council at the Sibu district. this meeting, but unfortunately the Secretary I should now like to refer briefly to some of of State's approval to these measures has not the bills which come before you at this meet- yet been recieved as they are still under consi- ing. Two of them, you will notice, refer to the deration in London. I am convinced of the delegation by the Governor and the Governor urgency for replacement of our present in- in Council of some of their powers. I am sure adequate legislation on this subject; the you will all appreciate that the only reason for Secretary of State has therefore been asked the introduction of these measures is the that his advisers should complete exami- heaviness of the burden now imposed on the nation of these bills as early as possible and I Governor in Council by the considerable in- hope that I shall be in a poition to call a special crease in the number of Ordinances, where it meeting of Council in the near future at which is essential for the efficient working of the they will be presented to you. Council that I and my advisers should be able You will have heard by now of the very to devote ourselves to the deliberation of the generous invitation we have received from more important matters. The proposed dele- His Majesty's Government in the United gation of certain powers will, you may rest Kingdom. We have been asked to send three assured, be exercised with the utmost of your members to England to attend the discrimination. Festival of Britain as guests of His Majesty's There is a bill on your agenda to provide Government. A most interesting programme for the variation of Native Customary Law has been arranged for them and I am sure that which I regard as most necessary for the fu- they will enjoy themselves and see much ture progress of the natives people. The bill is which is of interest and value and which will designed to enable variations to be made in enrich their minds and widen their field of the recognised codes of their customs which vision to the future benefit of this Council and have for long had the effect of law, but which, the Country. Their days will be busy and since the Constitution Ordinance of 1941, many people will wish to make their ac- have been fixed and incapable of variation in quaintance but I hope they will make time to accordance with the natural evolution of the visit the Rajah and convey the humble re- peoples. I wish to stress this point: changes in spects of this Government to His Highness. the customary law will only be made at the The fair name of Sarawak is in good hands instance of the people themselves and in and we could not wish for better ambassadors.

138 THE SARAWAK GAZETTE, MAY 30, 1953 His Excellency's Address to Council Negri — 5.5.53

Mr President and Members of Council domination in Asia. Any country which de- Negri: sires to maintain its own way of life, to develop When last I had the honour of addressing its resources and to progress along the road of Council in December of last year, a state of prosperity and happiness, must be sufficiently emergency still existed in the First Division, strong to deter the. aggressor. but shortly afterwards, on the 16th of January, At your last meeting you voted large sums I felt that it was possible to revoke the order of money for the purpose of improving the since there had been no recurrence of trouble efficiency of the Constabulary. It is essential to and quite a number of disaffected persons who continue this process; even though our reve- had shown no liking for our liberal way of life nues may suffer a decline, and our enemies had elected to go elsewhere to seek their remain quiescent or are fully engaged else- earthly paradise. Since that incident in Au- where. Let us ensure that what is happening at gust, 1952, we in Sarawak have not suffered this moment to the little kingdom of Laos, a any outward agression at the hands of the country of hardworking, God-fearing peasant Communists but that is not to say that the farmers, wanting only to live in peace and Government or the people of this country can work out their own salvation, does not happen afford for one moment to relax their vigilance in Sarawak. In Laos we see where inadequate or lower their defences. You will note on your defence and preparation and divided loyalties Order Paper that Government still considers it may lead — a fair and prosperous land laid necessary to retain powers allowing for the waste by foreign invasion and the horrors of detention of persons in certain circumstances war. and with the necessary safeguards, and you Now let us consider what progress we in will be asked to approve these powers for a Sarawak have made during the last si$ further period. Furthermore, although the months. people of this country have not during the last You will have heard that a meeting was few months been the victims of violence or held in Kuching on the 23rd of April last under disruption of their daily lives — indeed, there the chairmanship of His Excellency the Corn- have been some encouraging and comforting missioner-General, the Right Honourable Mr signs of improvement in public morale and Malcolm MacDonald, at which His Excellency determination — yet the picture in Asia as a the Governor of North Borneo, His Highness whole does not, I am afraid, lead me to any the Sultan of Brunei and myself were present feelings of very great confidence. with our respective advisers. As I consider this In Malaya there has been a steady impro- meeting and what arose there from to be of vement of the situation in the fighting against considerable importance, I will give you some the bandits. The success of the security forces explanation of its background and purpose. is now dearly no temporary phase. The ban- Since the middle of 1950 a Joint Defence Com- dits have lost the initiative in the field and are mittee for the Borneo Territories has been in being hard pressed, and they know it as the existence. This Committee has met twice a increasingly frequent surrenders prove. We year to consider all aspects of the defence of rejoice in this success and are proud that Sara- the three territories in order to make sure that wak citizens have contributed in some mea- our invidual plans are known to each other, sure to this healthier state of affairs. But let us that co-ordination is complete, that not delude ourselves into thinking that a vic- communications are adequate and that the tory won in Malaya necessarily lessens the mobilization of our joint resources can be danger in Sarawak. achieved as efficiently and speedily as possi- The Communists in Korea show no desire ble — in short, to ensure that we can assist whatsoever to bring about an honourable and each other effectively and rapidly in any emer- reasonable armistice. They show only a deter- gency. You have witnessed for yourselves that mination to continue their agressive policy of these discussions have proved fruitful. We re-

139 ceived very prompt and efficient aid from the come of several years of planning and the North Borneo police last August, as did Brunei change-over from the status of Government in March of this year. The Brunei operation department to that of an autonomous munici- was a triumph of organization. Within six pality was effected according to plan with the hours of the receipt of our call for assistance to minimum of dislocation. The volume of busi- the Governor of North Borneo, sixty police had ness passing through the Municipality has arrived by air in the oilfields area and had continued to show a steady increase which has been issued with weapons and rations and been apparent from 1950 onwards. The Coun- were at their posts as a fully effective force. cil has made an encouraging start and is facing It was clear that in matters other than de- its difficulties, among which the matter of pub- fence a closer co-ordination of policy, a pool- he road transport is perhaps the most pressing, ing of technical resources, the exchange of with courage and patience. In January, at the ideas and experience and the unification of invitation of the Government, Mr A.A. For- laws and regulations would bring benefit to all ward, Commissioner for Road Transport in the three territories. It was therefore agreed at this Federation of Malaya, paid a visit to advise conference that at intervals of six months simi- upon this problem in Kuching. His report has lar conferences would be held under the chair- now been received and confirms what has pre- manship of the Commissioner-General. The viously been apparent — that there are far too permanent members of the Sarawak-North many public passenger vehicles on the roads Borneo-Brunei Conference are the Governors and that the service extended to the public is of Sarawak and North Borneo, and the Sultan by no means all that it should be. The report is of Brunei, all of whom will of course be sup- being studied at the present time by the Muni- ported by both official and unofficial advisers. cipal Council. It was also agreed to establish a system of I shall now deal with some points of in- periodic joint meetings between the Heads of terest in the work of the Departments of Departments of the three territories for the Government. Firstly, Agriculture. The pros- discussion of problems of mutual and general pects for the 1952/3 paddy crop are good. The interest, and to promote as far as possible co- total acreage of this year's crop has been far ordination of policy and administration. higher than for the 1951/2 crop and, provided Nothing but good can come of a yield expectations are realised, Sarawak has, strengthening of the ties between these three temporarily at any rate, overcome the most territories in the Island of Borneo. By sharing serious situation it has had to face with regard the burden of our problems and difficulties to rice imports for many years. Providence and declaring our unity of purpose whilst each may not always be so kind in future and it is keeps his own individuality, customs and hoped that our farmers will profit from this traditions, we will gain in stature and in the experience and not be so keen in future to influence for good we can exert in this part of neglect essential paddy production for tem- the world. porarily profitable cash crops. It should not be I am sure that I am expressing the senti- forgotten that last year, in 1952, we had to ments of yourself Mr President and the mem- import no less than 28,000 tons of rice at a bers of your Council when I say how pleased great cost to the consumer; and the price con- we are to welcome here this morning the tinues to rise. Most of this rice came from Siam Maharaja Laila and the Orang Kaya Di towards whose frontiers the menace of Com- Gadong of Brunei. These two distinguished munism marches. members of His Highness's State Council have made the journey here in order to Pepper diseases are causing increasing observe the proceedings of this Council and I anxiety and, whilst there is no cause for alarm hope.they will find the experience useful and and despondency as yet, one cannot help instructive and that they will enjoy this short remembering the havoc that disease at times say in our capital city. wrought in our pepper gardens before the In the development of local Government a war. The department is tackling the problem further step forward was made. On the 1st of energetically and outside expert advice is January, 1953, the Kuching Municipal Ordi- being obtained, and the Secretary of State is nance was brought into force and on the same trying to recruit a plant pathologist for us. day the inaugural meeting of the Kuching Whilst there seems little hope of effecting a Municipal Council was held. This was the out- cure of badly diseased vines, it does seem that

140 the prospects of preventing the spread of even tons in 1952. There is no sign of a decline in the worst diseases are good, provided all this trade, and exports during the first two gardeners wil conscientiously take the proper months of the present year totalled approx- precautions. Sarawak's pepper industry is imately one-fourth of the total exports for now extremely prosperous and it would be a 1952. Of recent months there has been some disaster of the first magnitude if disease ex- revival in the trade with Australia, which had tinguished the industry. It is hoped therefore previously fallen to a low level. The United that all gardeners will accept the advice of the Kingdom and Hong Kong remain the principal Department of Agriculture in this matter and importers. It is pleasing to note that there is a co-operate fully with them. general, though fluctuating, tendency for the Due to the fall in prices, the rush to plant a number of export timbers to increase and 25 new rubber has abated somewhat; there is still kinds of timber were exported under their own however a healthy tendency to plant up new names in 1952, the highest number so far re- areas of high yielding material when the corded. material can be obtained. It is perhaps of in- The decision of the Government to allow terest to record that in 1952 the total value of the Colonial Timber Company to take over rubber exported from the Third Diviion was Government land at Rejang for a new mill has almost equalled by the value of pepper, timber been well received in the village where full and sago, thus indicating a more balanced employment will once again be available after economy and not the complete dependence many years of depression. on rubber which has caused so much anxiety The Director of Lands and Surveys reports in the past. that a scheme to settle Chinese on land suit- able for rubber, coconut and padi on the coas- The Forest Department is making steady tal lands between Oya and Mukah has been progress in its main tasks of formation and completed and the land willbe made available protection of permanent forest, inventories of during the next few months. the Colony's forest resources and the planning of the systematic working of timber in accord- The mapping facilities of the Land and Sur- ance with the principle of sustained yield. By vey Department have been improved by the the end of 1952, the area of permanent forests acquisition of a modern machine used for com- in the Colony totalled 7,506 square miles, and pilation of maps from air photographs. The further 2,400 square miles are now in process Department is now able to produce sketch of constitution. At the end of 1951, only 2 maps for special purposes such as agricultural square miles, of forest were being developed and forestry projects and development under working plans. During the past year this schemes generally. figure has been increased to 84 square miles, The meteorological staff in Kuching has and plans for further very large areas are now moved to the Kuching Airfield, where the almost complete. Work on forest inventories is installation of staff quarters and up-to-date proceeding steadily, and special attention is equipment and offices has been completed. being given to an assessment of the Colony' Meteorological offices and quarters have also resources; this project, however, owing to the been completed at Miri and Bintulu. very uneven distribution of the species, pre- The Department of Trade and Customs re- sents peculiar difficulties and will take some ports that the year 1952 closed with the aggre- years to complete. Until it is completed, future gate value of the Colony's external trade policy with reference to belian timber must being $821,509,270, $70,585,623 down on the remain undecided, but in the meantime every previous year, with an apparent favourable care must be taken to ensure that it is used trade balance of $55,617,364. The large de- with the utmost economy. crease in the trade balance, $79,986,615, as As foretold in December, the timber indus- compared with 1951, was due to the decline in try has continued steadily to expand. The total both the volume and value of rubber exported. production of timber increased from approx- It would have been reasonable to have ex- imately 110,000 tons in 1951 to 202,000 tons in pected this decline to have had a greater ad- 1952, but of recent months there has been a verse effect on the general prosperity of the decline in local demand. The quantity of tim- Colony than it did, but, while rubber is still the ber exported, in terms of round timber, in- Colony's main export, the secondary indus- creased from 69,500 tons in 1951 to 128,000 tries, sago, pepper and timber, contributed

141 greatly to maintaining a moderately high level A Superintendent has recently arrived to of prosperity and resulted in a satisfactorily take charge of our Leper Settlement. He has trading year. The factors most responsible for worked for many years for the British Empire this continued prosperity were pepper and Leprosy Relief Association before coming to timber. The rapid recovery of the pepper in- Sarawak to assist us in this vital work. dustry since the war has been remarkable and The ATAS Clinic was opened in March, exports for the year, approximately 4,000 tons, and excellent example of what can be were only a little short of the peak year 1934. achieved by the general public in co-opera- Timber is rapidly becoming an important item tion with Government. The first B.C.G. vac- in the Colony's economy with exports for the cination programme for the control of tuber- year being 80% over those 1951. The Govern- culosis is nearing completion. Five local teams ment's policy of encouraging interest in indus- have now been trained to continue the work tries other than rubber has amply justified it- after the departure of the World Health self, and the results from the pepper and tim- Organisation team. ber industries over the past year have saved Mr P.J. Shannon has retired from the post the Colony from what might well have been a of Commissioner, Sarawak Constabulary, and slump. If, however, the Colony is to depend Mr G.S. Wilson arrived from Hong Kong in less on rubber, a still further expansion of the March and assumed command of the Police Colony' secondary industries will be neces- Force. sary. The Constabulary (Special Allowances) The Public Works Department's con- Regulations, 1952, came into effect on the 1st structional activities, as might be expected, January, 1953. Members of the rank and file have been hampered in the last few months by who qualify under the various headings, the exceptional weather conditions, and prog- Education, Languages, and Specialists, will ress in building works has been mainly con- materially benefit. Payment of these allo- fined to completion of last year's schedule and wances should encourage members of the preliminaries for the programme this year. In- rank and file to make every effort to improve cluded in the latter is a considerable expan- their professional knowledge and will, it is sion of Police training facilities and hoped, react favourably on the morale and accommodation throughout the Colony. Work efficiency of the Constabulary. has started on the erection of new Govern- By the courtesy of the Commissioners of ment offices in Kuching and the establish- Police, Federation of Malaya and Singapore, ments required for the Broadcasting Scheme. Gazetted Officers, Inspectors and N.C.O.'s Progress on re-surfacing of the Kuching- this Force are attending courses both in the Serian Road has been disappointing and the Federation and Singapore on General Police work is not expected to be completed before Duties, Special Branch work, driving and sim- June. The Bau Road reconstruction also has ple mechanics. not gone ahead so well as had been hoped and The establishment of the Inspectorate has it may not be finished until the middle of 1954. been increased by 12. An intensive recruiting Survey of the Serian-Simanggang road trace drive is under way to fill vacancies in the In- has been completed and the calling of tenders spectorate. The Commissioner of Police of the is in hand. At Sibu, recourse has been made to Federation of Malaya has undertaken to re- the import of stone from Hong Kong to enable cruit and train a number of Inspectors re- bazaar road reconstruction to proceed. cruited by him for the Sarawak Constabulary together with those selected from Sarawak. Arrangements for the establishment of a Preliminary reports indicate that the officers major quarry at Sebuyau have gone forward recruited in Sarawak are doing extremely well and it is anticipated that delivery of stone will and creating a favourable impression. There commence during the second half of the year. are still ome 240 vacancies in the rank and file The department is still hampered in its of the regular police. work by the shortage of staff. The Medical Department has made a The first platoon of the Field Force has promising start in the scheme for the training already been recruited from the Second Divi- of midwives; three fully trained women are sion and is now undergoing training. On the now engaged in Sibu, Simanggang and completion of its initial training at the Police Kuching on this programme. Training School it will be transferred to the

142 Jungle Training School at Bukit Siol for adv- rious institutions. This higher stage of our anced training. The second platoon has been educational programme is progressing most formed and is now under training at the Police satisfactorily. In addition to the recent awards Training School. The object of the Field Force just mentioned, since liberation more than is to provide Government with a mobile strik- seventy students have been sent overseas, ing force which can be called out at short under various scholarship schemes on courses notice to deal with emergencies. Further re- of higher training covering thirty different cruiting in the force will be undertaken in the subjects. It is very pleasing that our first Sara- Third, Fourth and Fifth Divisions. wak students have obtained degrees at the New barrack blocks have been completed new University of Malaya; two in Medicine at the Police Training School providing a wel- and two in Arts. come addition to the available accommoda- The Batu lintang Training Centre suffered tion, and a new canteen and mess room have a sad loss by the resignation of Mr J. K. Wilson also been completed. at the end of last year. A new Principal, a well In December last I stressed particularly the qualified and experienced officer, has been need for greater vigilance and a higher sense appointed and should be arriving in June. It is of responsibility on the part of managers, pleasing to be able to report that, as a result of teachers and parents in Chinese schools and I the efforts of those people responsible for am therefore very glad to report that the tone recruitment, a larger group of young men and and discipline at a number of our schools, women has entered the centre this year to take where previously the situation was far from the Grade HA Course. It is significant that satisfactory, have shown a marked improve- these student-teachers have been drawn from ment during the past few months. An improve- Chinese Middle schools in Kuching and Sibu, ment in the supervising staff situation of the as well as from Government and Mission Education Department is at last enabling more schools. Furthermore, this new group is now attention and help to be given to schools. The representative of Malays, Dayaks and appointment of a well qualified Education Chinese. The standard of entry into the Post- Officer, on secondment from Hong Kong, is a Primary Classes has also improved consider- welcome addition to the staff. The growing ably over the last few years which indicates co-operation of members of boards of that trained teachers, in spite of thir many management is an encouraging sign and will difficulties, have helped greatly to improve result in continued improvement; especially if the quality of some of our local schools. In 1949 this is supported by an increasing number of not one pupil from Dayak rural schools was parents beginning to take a more genuine in- found suitable academically for entry into terest in the welfare of their children. This Batu Lintang. For the new admissions this year improvement reflects great credit on the there were over a hundred applications from Director and his staff as well as on the mana- the rural primary schools, and a class of thirty gers of the schools. promising pupils of correct age has been re- cruited. The expansion of primary and secondary education continues to be encouraging. In the The Immigration Department has been Cambridge Junior Certificate Examination strengthened by the appointment of an addi- held in 1952, 110 pupils qualified for certifi- tional Passport Examination Officer in cates as against 76 successful candidates in Kuching; there are now Passport Officers sta- 1951. tioned at Miri, Sibu, Sarikei and Kuching. This A successful Refreshers Course for has materially increased the efficiency of im- teachers in the Batang Lupar District was migration work and tended to centralise con- organised by the District Group Supervisor trol. last December. A Conference of all Group Su- The work of the Labour Department has pervisors held at the Training Centre early this increased considerably owing to the extended year provided a valuable opportunity for the P.W.D. road contracts. A considerable number exchange of information and ideas. of wage disputes, brought to official notice, During the past few months a further thir- were due to the malpractice of employing sub- teen students have been awarded Scho- contractors and sub-sub-contractors; this has larships for higher education overseas, but now been taken up and conditions of employ- some of these are awaiting admission to va- ment have lately improved.

143 A Prisoners Aid Society has been formed to Manufacturers. In collaboration with Messrs. take over the work formerly done voluntarily Preece Cardew and Rider, Consulting En- by certain Rotarians in alleviating distress gineers to the Crown Agents, he was able to among the families of prisoners. consider Sarawak requirements for material The Co-operative Development Depart- and equipment having regard to price and ment has been fully occupied since the begin- quality. ning of the year in carrying out the Annual Underground cables for Kuching to the Audit of 109 registered Co-operatives. A few value of $500,000 have been ordered and de- new groups are being prepared for registra- livery in the United Kingdom is expected not tion, but this will take place only when all later than June. audits have been completed. It is not yet possi- A detailed specification for the Kuching ble to supply statistics of 1952 Development, Automatic Exchange has been drawn up and but the increase in assets is expected to be tenders called for. The outcome is not yet very considerable. known but delivery in the United Kingdom An interesting project has been started at should be about January, 1954. Kampongs Muara Tuang and Bundong in the A decision has been made on the con- Samarahan, to which several departments are tractor to supply and instal the equipment for giving their combined efforts and advice. It is a the V.H.F. Radio Telephone Scheme. The community development scheme amongst the order is about to be placed and delivery in the Malays: an attempt to improve every aspect of United Kingdom is expected to commence in their social and economic conditions, in which September, 1953. The contractor will send in- adult education, more advanced agricultural stalling engineers to Sarawak a few months in techniques, co-operative methods and im- advance of arrival of equipment to prepare proved hygiene are all playing their part. The staff and conduct radio surveys so as to be success of this pilot scheme must, however, ready to commence installation work without ultimately depend upon the Malays them- delay. selves and thier keenness to improve their liv- The appointment of a new Chief Justice, ing standards. I am glad to say that the initial Mr E.H. Williams, Senior Puisne Judge, Hong enthusiasm is encouraging. Kong, has b£en approved by Her Majesty the The Museum has continued to analyse the Queen and he is expected to arrive in Sarawak results of the excavations at Santubong which later this month. have attracted widespread attention and in- The work of the Judicial Department has terest outside the Colony. Many of the frag- gone on unobstrusively and no special com- ments of broken pieces have been fitted ment seems called for. The Courts have been called upon to deal with little serious crime. together with meticulous care and there are Most of the work has been on the civil side now about 30 complete pieces which give a The records of the cases tried by the lower clear idea of the type of ceramics traded bet- courts show that magistrates have on the ween the Sarawak River Delta and the main- whole done their work conscientiously and to land of Asia eight to ten centuries ago. the best of their ability. One of the Judges has A Museum expedition left for the Kelabit given a course of lectures on Law to the country in the headwaters of the Bar am on prospective Sarawak Administrative Officers December 2nd, 1952. The programme of who will thus acquire in advance some fami- collecting and research in that area has now liarity with their Judicial duties. been completed. The expedition took up tea The Government Information Service con- and hemp plants to Bario, which is probably tinues to expand its activities and there have the highest permanent by inhabitated place in been two note-worthy developments. Borneo, at an elevation of 3,500 feet. These By the generosity of the Director of the plants were doing very well when last seen in Malayan Film Unit, a member of the Informa- March. tion staff has been well trained in "the use of The turtles have done well and a nett profit both still and moving picture cameras. The of $28,000 was handed over to the Turtle Trust Information Office is now making its own for religious and charitable purposes. photographs for distribution both within Sara- While the Postmaster-General was on wak and abroad, and several promising films leave in the United Kingdom, he visited the of life in Sarawak have already been mads leading Telecommunication Equipment and shown.

144 The appointment at the beginning of the rents and the intensive demands made on year of an experienced Chinese writer has them, has been brought in a few years to a very made possible the production of original pam- advanced scientific level; and it is natural that phlets in Chinese about Sarawak—an impor- in a country where hitherto there has been no tant enterprise which will grow in volume. broadcasting, there are no experienced men. Greatly increased help to other Departments Since last year, intensive negotiation, person- of Government in translation to and from En- al enquiry, and advertisement have been car- glish and Chinese has also been made possi- ried on, both locally and in Singapore, Malaya ble by this appointment. This service, working and Hong Kong to find and engage the men in co-operation with the Secretariat for we need. So far, because the terms we are able Chinese Affairs, is much in demand. to offer consonant which the terms of service Both these developments help one of the in other and comparable branches of Govern- main purposes of the Information Service, ment service are not attractive enough, we which is to provide for the people of Sarawak have not been able to engage any of the men fuller opportunities to learn what their fellow we need and the Chief Engineer is still work- citizens think and do. ing single-handed and at great pressure. Be- To this same end, more reading rooms out- cause of these staff difficulties, it is doubtful side Kuching have been opened and equip- whether the main service — and I feel bound ped. Community wireless listening sets have to give you this warning — can be in operation been bought and are installed in the reading by the end of this year, as we had hoped. But I rooms as these are opened, and in other am sure that every possible effort will be made approved centres in the smaller outstations. by those concerned to achieve this. Mobile cinema units based in Sibu and Now may I issue a word of caution on the Miri are now established and working in the subject of Finance? Although we are not so Third and Fourth Divisions. The Third Divi- dependent as formerly on rubber for our re- sion units has its own outboard motor sampan venue, it is still our main industry and we can- and the Fourth Division uses the Public not expect a return to the boom prices of 1951 Address motor van stationed at Miri. or anything near them. We must also expect in Turning to the Sarawak Broadcasting Ser- the future to see a reduction in the price that vice, I am glad to say that good progress has our pepper will fetch. been made. The Chief Engineer arrived in Our customs and excise revenue for 1952 Kuching in January, and the Programme was S12V2 million less than in 1951, and the Organiser early in March, and both officers tonnage of rubber exported has fallen by 20%. have been hard at work since their arrival. The We cannot afford, therefore, any great expan- Springfield site for the headquarters of the sion of Government services at the present Service, in Rock Road, Kuching, has been time. In fact, I consider that we may well be cleared and levelled and tenders for the con- faced with the necessity to practise consi- struction of the main building have been re- derable economies in the near future. Our fi- ceived. A temporary building on the same site nances are in a healthy state and the country for housing the pilot broadcasting service has has shown itself economically far more resi- been erected, and, subject to a major difficulty lient than was expected. However, some of us to which I will refer in a moment, this service may still be thinking in terms of boom prices should be in operation in June or July. and years of exceptional revenue and I think we should realise that those days over and we The major difficulty is the problem of find- must adjust our plans to our present means. ing the experienced technical staff essential for the very complex and skilled task of install- I have no special comment to make on the ing and working both the pilot and the main order of business for this Session or on the bills transmitters and their ancillary equipment. It which are to be put before you. But I would has been our firm purpose from the beginning like to draw your attention to an omission. to engage, and to continue to employ, Sara- When you last met I mentioned that some wak men and women in the service; but for the of our Iban trackers in Malaya were being senior technical posts it has been possible to used experimentally in combat duties. That do so. This is unfortunate, but understandable. experiment proved a success and the Federa- Broadcasting engineering is a new science tion Government with the consent and co-op- which, by the devotion and skill of its adhe- eration of this Government has since been re-

145 cruiting Dayaks for combat duties in Malaya. ity and for its capacity for enjoyment and I This force now bear the honoured title and have no doubt at all that we will make the very wears the badges of the Sarawak Rangers. best of an occassion which provides us with so It was clearly desirable that the force so excellent an excuse for celebration and merri- raised should have military status and that ment. For never has a Queen more beloved or provision should be made for this both under more beautiful ridden forth to her coronation. the law applicable in the Federation and by Beneath the gaiety and charm of youth shines the law of this country. forth for all who wish to see that deep sense of I am happy to say that the immediate step devotion to duty and consecration to the ser- of giving military status to this force while in vice of her people which is such a moving Malaya has been provided for by Emergency inspiration to her loyal subjects. Regulations enacted in the Federation. A Bill I want all of you here to-day, the repre- has also been prepared here to regularize with sentatives of your people, to make it your spe- retrospective effect the arrangements made cial responsibility to ensure that the plans you and to incorporate the force raised in the Sara- have made emphasise that our celebrations in wak Volunteer Force. It will I am sure be readi- Coronation Week are principally for the be- ly understood that legislation of this character nefit and enjoyment of the young; let us make requires careful consideration and it was of this Week a great festival of youth, at whose thought desirable to obtain the comments head rides our young and gracious Queen. We both of the Federation Government and the want every boy ang girl throughout the whole Secretary of State. Thelatter's comments have of our rejoicing country to cany, through the only just reached me and in the circumstances rough and tumble of the years to come, a for this Session. bright and happy and indelibale picture of In a few weeks' time we and countless these great days of 1953. others throughout the Commonwealth, and You Mr President, supported by member of indeed throughout a great part of the World, this Council, will be our witnesses to the act of will be engaged in celebrating the Coronation crowning and dedication in Westminster of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second. Abbey on the 2nd June and you will carry with I believe the plans for Coronation Week you our loyal greetings to Her Majesty and our are nearing completion and I hope they will fervent prayers for a long and glorious reign. meet with general approval. We want every- Mr President and members of Council one to enjoy himself and we want all to be able Negri. I thank you for your attention. May God to take a part in this great family gathering. guide and prosper your deliberations. Sarawak has quite a reputation for its' hospital-

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