DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting LIFE HISTORY VARIATION AND ARTISANAL FISHERY ASSESSMENT OF THE GIANT CICHLID (Petenia splendida Gunther 1862) IN GUATEMALAN LAKES By CHRISTIAN ALBERTO BARRIENTOS CONTRERAS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 © 2015 Christian Alberto Barrientos Contreras To my parents for their strong belief in me and to my wife and daughters who go together with me in my life journey ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my advisor Jeff Hill for his understanding, encouragement, and perseverance with me in my journey to develop my scientific skills and the research needs of Guatemala. I appreciate his time and effort in the peaks and troughs of my writing. I am extremely grateful to all the members of my dissertation committee: Dr. Debra Murie, Dr. Mike Allen, Dr. Mark Brenner, and Dr. Collete St. Mary, for their generous contributions in the form of advice, expertise, and good-natured support to better my work. My deep appreciation goes to my Guatemala colleagues, especially Yasmin Quintana and Diego Elias, because enthusiasm and dedication to the work as well as the humorous stories made the data collection such an enjoyable experience. Several other people participated in my data collection including Diego Juarez, Byron Cruz, Obet Gonzalez, Don Julio Chan, and Gustavo Orellana. I received help with permits and logistics from Francisco Castaneda Moya, Mercedes Barrios, Julio Madrid, Emilio Mattus, Luis Guerra, Erick Villagran, Julio Morales, and David, Kelsey and Rosita Kuhn. My parents provided lodging and transportation in Guatemala City, which was greatly needed and I cannot ever thank them enough. My brother and sister also contributed their time and ran errands on several occasions, and their efforts are also recognized. I also thank the funding sources without which my Ph.D. program would not have been possible. My stay in the US was supported by the University of Florida through an Alumni Award Scholarship from the Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences and from a Teaching Assistantship from the Biology Department. Funding for my field research was from the National Council of Science and Technology in Guatemala and from the Lake Petén Itzá National Management Authority. The National Council of Protected Areas facilitated personnel and equipment inside Yaxhá National Park, and the University of San Carlos, through the Conservationist Studies Center, provided personnel and facilities in Petén. La Casa de Don 4 David provided a base for operations in El Remate, Petén and the National Conservation and Environment Organization provided facilities in Guatemala City. I am grateful to all of them for their trust and support of this project. I also thank Dr. Jose Miguel Ponciano for several discussions about fish, numbers, Guatemala, swimming and life. Finally, I owe thanks to the many people who helped in many ways, but who I am not able to list here. To them, I promise I will “pay it forward.” 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 1 THE GIANT CICHLID, LIFE HISTORY AND ARTISANAL FISHERY .............................13 2 SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE FISH COMMUNITY THAT INHABITS THE LITTORAL SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION OF LAKE PETEN ITZÁ, GUATEMALA .......................................................................................................................16 Introduction .............................................................................................................................16 Methods ..................................................................................................................................19 Habitat Characterization and Plant Sampling ..................................................................19 Fish Sampling ..................................................................................................................20 Analysis ...........................................................................................................................22 Results.....................................................................................................................................22 Habitat Characterization ..................................................................................................22 Fish Communities ............................................................................................................23 Temporal Analysis ...........................................................................................................23 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................24 3 REPRODUCTIVE LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF THE GIANT CICHLID (Petenia splendida Gunther 1862) IN GUATEMALAN LAKES ........................................................35 Introduction .............................................................................................................................35 Study Site .........................................................................................................................37 Environmental Factors .....................................................................................................38 Methods ..................................................................................................................................39 Fish Sampling ..................................................................................................................39 Reproduction ...................................................................................................................39 Batch Fecundity ...............................................................................................................40 Maturity ...........................................................................................................................40 Results.....................................................................................................................................42 Spawning Season .............................................................................................................42 Fecundity .........................................................................................................................43 Maturity ...........................................................................................................................43 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................43 Sex Ratio and Size Distribution ......................................................................................44 6 Spawning Season .............................................................................................................45 Fecundity .........................................................................................................................46 Maturity Schedule ...........................................................................................................47 4 AGE, GROWTH AND MORTALITY RATES OF THE GIANT CICHLID (Petenia splendida Gunther 1862) IN GUATEMALA .........................................................................58 Introduction .............................................................................................................................58 Methods ..................................................................................................................................61 Fish Sampling ..................................................................................................................61 Length Frequency ............................................................................................................62 Otolith Processing ...........................................................................................................62 Age Estimates and Validation .........................................................................................63 Growth .............................................................................................................................64 Estimates of Total Mortality ............................................................................................65 Results.....................................................................................................................................66 Length Frequency ............................................................................................................66 Length-Weight Relationships ..........................................................................................66 Age Estimates ..................................................................................................................67 Growth .............................................................................................................................68
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian and Madagascan Cichlids
    FAMILY Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1835 - cichlids SUBFAMILY Etroplinae Kullander, 1998 - Indian and Madagascan cichlids [=Etroplinae H] GENUS Etroplus Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 - cichlids [=Chaetolabrus, Microgaster] Species Etroplus canarensis Day, 1877 - Canara pearlspot Species Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) - green chromide [=caris, meleagris] GENUS Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868 - cichlids [=Lamena] Species Paretroplus dambabe Sparks, 2002 - dambabe cichlid Species Paretroplus damii Bleeker, 1868 - damba Species Paretroplus gymnopreopercularis Sparks, 2008 - Sparks' cichlid Species Paretroplus kieneri Arnoult, 1960 - kotsovato Species Paretroplus lamenabe Sparks, 2008 - big red cichlid Species Paretroplus loisellei Sparks & Schelly, 2011 - Loiselle's cichlid Species Paretroplus maculatus Kiener & Mauge, 1966 - damba mipentina Species Paretroplus maromandia Sparks & Reinthal, 1999 - maromandia cichlid Species Paretroplus menarambo Allgayer, 1996 - pinstripe damba Species Paretroplus nourissati (Allgayer, 1998) - lamena Species Paretroplus petiti Pellegrin, 1929 - kotso Species Paretroplus polyactis Bleeker, 1878 - Bleeker's paretroplus Species Paretroplus tsimoly Stiassny et al., 2001 - tsimoly cichlid GENUS Pseudetroplus Bleeker, in G, 1862 - cichlids Species Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795) - orange chromide [=coruchi] SUBFAMILY Ptychochrominae Sparks, 2004 - Malagasy cichlids [=Ptychochrominae S2002] GENUS Katria Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 - cichlids Species Katria katria (Reinthal & Stiassny, 1997) - Katria cichlid GENUS
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Regional Information Base for Lake Tanganyika Research
    RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/Ol(En) TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/01 (En) January 1992 TOWARDS A REGIONAL INFORMATION BASE FOR LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH by J. Eric Reynolds FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, January 1992 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (Tanganyika Research) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA). This project aims at the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Tanzania, Zaïre and Zambia). Particular attention will be also given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the buildup of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • First Genomic Study on Lake Tanganyika Sprat Stolothrissa
    De Keyzer et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2019) 19:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1325-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access First genomic study on Lake Tanganyika sprat Stolothrissa tanganicae: a lack of population structure calls for integrated management of this important fisheries target species Els L. R. De Keyzer1,2*† , Zoë De Corte3,4†, Maarten Van Steenberge1,3,4, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers1,5, Federico C. F. Calboli1, Nikol Kmentová6, Théophile N’Sibula Mulimbwa7, Massimiliano Virgilio3, Carl Vangestel4, Pascal Masilya Mulungula7, Filip A. M. Volckaert1 and Maarten P. M. Vanhove1,2,6,8,9 Abstract Background: Clupeid fisheries in Lake Tanganyika (East Africa) provide food for millions of people in one of the world’s poorest regions. Due to climate change and overfishing, the clupeid stocks of Lake Tanganyika are declining. We investigate the population structure of the Lake Tanganyika sprat Stolothrissa tanganicae, using for the first time a genomic approach on this species. This is an important step towards knowing if the species should be managed separately or as a single stock. Population structure is important for fisheries management, yet understudied for many African freshwater species. We hypothesize that distinct stocks of S. tanganicae could be presentduetothelargesizeofthelake(isolationbydistance),limnological variation (adaptive evolution), or past separation of the lake (historical subdivision). On the other hand, high mobility of the species and lack of obvious migration barriers might have resulted in a homogenous population. Results: We performed a population genetic study on wild-caught S. tanganicae through a combination of mitochondrial genotyping (96 individuals) and RAD sequencing (83 individuals).
    [Show full text]
  • Food Resources of Lake Tanganyika Sardines Metabarcoding of the Stomach Content of Limnothrissa Miodon and Stolothrissa Tanganicae
    FACULTY OF SCIENCE Food resources of Lake Tanganyika sardines Metabarcoding of the stomach content of Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae Charlotte HUYGHE Supervisor: Prof. F. Volckaert Thesis presented in Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics fulfillment of the requirements Mentor: E. De Keyzer for the degree of Master of Science Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary in Biology Genomics Academic year 2018-2019 © Copyright by KU Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to KU Leuven, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Geel Huis, Kasteelpark Arenberg 11 bus 2100, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Telephone +32 16 32 14 01. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. i ii Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank my promotor Filip for giving me this opportunity and guiding me through the thesis. A very special thanks to my supervisor Els for helping and guiding me during every aspect of my thesis, from the sampling nights in the middle of Lake Tanganyika to the last review of my master thesis. Also a special thanks to Franz who helped me during the lab work and statistics but also guided me throughout the thesis. I am very grateful for all your help and advice during the past year.
    [Show full text]
  • ASFIS ISSCAAP Fish List February 2007 Sorted on Scientific Name
    ASFIS ISSCAAP Fish List Sorted on Scientific Name February 2007 Scientific name English Name French name Spanish Name Code Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Starry triggerfish AJS Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky 1855) Chinese false gudgeon ABB Ablabys binotatus (Peters 1855) Redskinfish ABW Ablennes hians (Valenciennes 1846) Flat needlefish Orphie plate Agujón sable BAF Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921 ABE Abralia andamanika Goodrich 1898 BLK Abralia veranyi (Rüppell 1844) Verany's enope squid Encornet de Verany Enoploluria de Verany BLJ Abraliopsis pfefferi (Verany 1837) Pfeffer's enope squid Encornet de Pfeffer Enoploluria de Pfeffer BJF Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) Freshwater bream Brème d'eau douce Brema común FBM Abramis spp Freshwater breams nei Brèmes d'eau douce nca Bremas nep FBR Abramites eques (Steindachner 1878) ABQ Abudefduf luridus (Cuvier 1830) Canary damsel AUU Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758) Sergeant-major ABU Abyssobrotula galatheae Nielsen 1977 OAG Abyssocottus elochini Taliev 1955 AEZ Abythites lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe 1913) AHD Acanella spp Branched bamboo coral KQL Acanthacaris caeca (A. Milne Edwards 1881) Atlantic deep-sea lobster Langoustine arganelle Cigala de fondo NTK Acanthacaris tenuimana Bate 1888 Prickly deep-sea lobster Langoustine spinuleuse Cigala raspa NHI Acanthalburnus microlepis (De Filippi 1861) Blackbrow bleak AHL Acanthaphritis barbata (Okamura & Kishida 1963) NHT Acantharchus pomotis (Baird 1855) Mud sunfish AKP Acanthaxius caespitosa (Squires 1979) Deepwater mud lobster Langouste
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Resources Management Regulations 1995
    Western Australia Fish Resources Management Act 1994 Fish Resources Management Regulations 1995 As at 09 Dec 2016 Version 14-a0-00 Extract from www.slp.wa.gov.au, see that website for further information Reprinted under the Reprints Act 1984 as at 9 December 2016 Western Australia Fish Resources Management Regulations 1995 Contents Part 1 — Preliminary 1. Citation 1 2. Commencement 1 3. Terms used 1 4. Body prescribed (Act s. 4(1) peak industry body) 9 5. Classes of fish prescribed (Act s. 4(1) process) 9 6. Fee prescribed for exemption application (Act s. 7(4)) 9 7. Exemption, power to require return of 9 Part 2 — Administration 8. Common seal of Minister for Fisheries, use of etc. 10 Part 4 — General regulation of fishing Division 1 — Protected fish 10. Classes of fish prescribed (Act s. 45) 11 11. Defences etc. prescribed (Act s. 48) 11 12. Totally protected rock lobsters and crabs to be released 12 13. Mutilated etc. protected fish, possession of 13 Division 2 — Requirements regarding fish trunks and fillets 14A. Term used: specified size 13 As at 09 Dec 2016 Version 14-a0-00 page i Extract from www.slp.wa.gov.au, see that website for further information Fish Resources Management Regulations 1995 Contents 14. Certain types of finfish, how to be landed 13 16B. Sharks and rays, possession of by commercial fishers 15 Division 3 — Possession limits Subdivision 1A — Preliminary 16C. Term used: finfish 17 16CA. Bag limits, application and effect of 17 Subdivision 1 — Possession limits Statewide 16D. Finfish, general possession limit of (Act s.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Crustaceans, Molluscs, Etc Capture Production by Species
    472 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc Capture production by species items Africa - Inland waters C-01 Poissons, crustacés, mollusques, etc Captures par catégories d'espèces Afrique - Eaux continentales (a) Peces, crustáceos, moluscos, etc Capturas por categorías de especies África - Aguas continentales English name Scientific name Species group Nom anglais Nom scientifique Groupe d'espèces 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Nombre inglés Nombre científico Grupo de especies t t t t t t t Common carp Cyprinus carpio 11 2 401 3 166 3 578 3 665 3 414 3 364 821 Crucian carp Carassius carassius 11 32 442 266 257 280 325 19 Rhinofishes nei Labeo spp 11 1 192 1 159 1 469 2 482 2 156 1 717 1 037 Grass carp(=White amur) Ctenopharyngodon idellus 11 15 094 16 886 15 416 15 371 15 043 13 400 14 040 Silver cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea 11 241 122 271 350 353 242 287 217 267 364 278 113 268 145 Lake Malawi sardine Engraulicypris sardella 11 86 082 76 840 71 969 99 370 109 387 110 135 156 717 African scraping feeder Varicorhinus beso 11 96 55 96 - - ... ... Cyprinids nei Cyprinidae 11 118 333 120 478 112 462 106 126 121 654 126 746 145 178 Giant cichlid Boulengerochromis microlepis 12 107 55 36 108 38 28 58 Lake Malawi utaka Copadichromis virginalis 12 13 816 9 570 11 734 12 805 12 929 35 571 19 136 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 12 168 210 176 900 176 387 181 674 170 003 173 040 184 789 Tilapia shiranus Oreochromis shiranus 12 2 253 311 220 2 572 1 968 1 097 1 367 Tilapias nei Oreochromis (=Tilapia) spp 12 234 775 224 455 232 686 204 408 223 828
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Lake Tanganyika's Giant Cichlid
    Hydrobiologia DOI 10.1007/s10750-014-1863-z ADVANCES IN CICHLID RESEARCH Big fish, little divergence: phylogeography of Lake Tanganyika’s giant cichlid, Boulengerochromis microlepis Stephan Koblmu¨ller • Elizabeth A. Odhiambo • Danny Sinyinza • Christian Sturmbauer • Kristina M. Sefc Received: 16 January 2014 / Accepted: 16 March 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The largely endemic cichlid species flocks of the Lake Tanganyika radiation [8 MYA, mito- of the East African Great Lakes are among the prime chondrial control region sequences collected in this examples for explosive speciation and adaptive radi- study dated the most recent common ancestor of B. ation. Speciation rates differ among cichlid lineages, microlepis to *60–110 KYA. There was no evidence and the propensity to radiate has been linked to of phylogeographic structure in the lake-wide sample. intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sexual selection Patterns of genetic diversity and demographic analyses and ecological opportunity. Remarkably, only one were consistent with slow and steady population cichlid tribe—the Boulengerochromini—comprises growth throughout the reconstructed timescale. Addi- just a single species, Boulengerochromis microlepis, tionally, the shallow divergence within the species a predominantly piscivorous endemic of Lake Tang- may be related to a possibly large variance in anyika and the world’s largest cichlid. While the reproductive success in this highly fecund species. lineage diverged from its closest relatives at the onset Trophic niche space restriction by sympatric pisci- vores, lack of geographic structure, low potential for sexual selection arising from the monogamous mating Guest editors: S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tilapias and Other Cichlids Capture Production by Species, Fishing Areas
    60 Tilapias and other cichlids Capture production by species, fishing areas and countries or areas B-12 Tilapias et autres cichlidés Captures par espèces, zones de pêche et pays ou zones Tilapias y otros cíclidos Capturas por especies, áreas de pesca y países o áreas Species, Fishing area Espèce, Zone de pêche 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Especie, Área de pesca t t t t t t t t t t Giant cichlid ...B ...C Boulengerochromis microlepis 1,70(59)020,01 BEJ 01 Burundi 30 30 17 107 55 36 108 38 28 58 F 01 Fishing area total 30 30 17 107 55 36 108 38 28 58 F Species total 30 30 17 107 55 36 108 38 28 58 F ...A ...B ...C Caquetaia kraussii 1,70(59)025,01 AQK 03 Colombia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 95 545 50 Venezuela ... ... ... ... ... 11 182 16 14 F 14 F 03 Fishing area total ... ... ... ... ... 11 182 111 559 F 64 F Species total ... ... ... ... ... 11 182 111 559 F 64 F Lake Malawi utaka ...B ...C Copadichromis virginalis 1,70(59)036,02 OVZ 01 Malawi 8 139 7 964 6 817 13 816 9 570 11 734 12 805 12 929 35 571 19 136 01 Fishing area total 8 139 7 964 6 817 13 816 9 570 11 734 12 805 12 929 35 571 19 136 Species total 8 139 7 964 6 817 13 816 9 570 11 734 12 805 12 929 35 571 19 136 Mozambique tilapia Tilapia du Mozambique Tilapia del Mozambique Oreochromis mossambicus 1,70(59)051,01 TLM 04 Indonesia 10 677 14 615 13 500 13 216 10 914 13 358 16 066 13 163 8 391 18 650 04 Fishing area total 10 677 14 615 13 500 13 216 10 914 13 358 16 066 13 163 8 391 18 650 06 Papua N Guin 2 310 F 2 310 F 2 310 F 2 310 F 2 310 F 2 310 F 2
    [Show full text]
  • Masaryk University Faculty of Science
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE The parasite fauna of economically important pelagic fishes in Lake Tanganyika Ph.D. Thesis NIKOL KMENTOVÁ Supervisor: Maarten Vanhove, Ph.D. Department of Botany and Zoology Brno 2019 Bibliographic Entry Author Mgr. Nikol Kmentová Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology Title of Thesis: The parasite fauna of economically important pelagic fishes in Lake Tanganyika Degree programme: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Specialization: Parasitology Supervisor: Maarten Vanhove, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2019/2020 Number of Pages: 350 + 72 Keywords: Kapentagyrus, Dolicirrolectanum, Cryptogonimidae, Clupeidae, Latidae, Bathybatini Bibliografický záznam Autor: Mgr. Nikol Kmentová Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Název práce: Parazité ekonomicky významných ryb pelagické zóny jezera Tanganika Studijní program: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Specializace: Parazitologie Vedoucí práce: Maarten Vanhove, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2019/2020 Počet stran: 350 + 72 Klíčová slova: Kapentagyrus, Dolicirrolectanum, Cryptogonimidae, Clupeidae, Latidae, Bathybatini ABSTRACT Biodiversity is a well-known term characterising the variety and variability of life on Earth. It consists of many different levels with species richness as the most frequently used measure. Despite its generally lower species richness compared to littoral zones, the global importance of the pelagic realm in marine and freshwater ecosystems lies in the high level of productivity supporting fisheries worldwide. In terms of endemicity, Lake Tanganyika is one of the most exceptional freshwater study areas in the world. While dozens of studies focus on this lake’s cichlids as model organisms, our knowledge about the economically important fish species is still poor. Despite their important role in speciation processes, parasite taxa have been vastly ignored in the African Great Lakes including Lake Tanganyika for many years.
    [Show full text]
  • Article in Press
    STOTEN-10599; No of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT XX (2008) XXX– XXX available at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Mercury biomagnification in the food web of Lake Tanganyika (Tanzania, East Africa) L. Campbella,⁎, Piet Verburgd, D.G. Dixonc, R.E. Heckyb aSchool of Environmental Studies and Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L-3N6, Canada bLarge Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 10 University Drive 204 RLBDuluth, MN 55812-2496, USA cDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Canada dNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Lake Tanganyika is a globally important lake with high endemic biodiversity. Millions of Received 28 January 2008 people in the lake basin depend on several fish species for consumption. Due to the Received in revised form importance of fish consumption as an exposure route of mercury to humans, we sampled 14 April 2008 Lake Tanganyika in 2000 to assess total mercury concentrations and biomagnification of Accepted 15 April 2008 total mercury through the food web. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses of food web structure indicate a complex food web with overlapping omnivory with some specialist fish species. Stable nitrogen isotope analyses further confirm that mercury is biomagnifying Keywords: through the Tanganyika food web at rates similar to those seen in Lakes Malawi and Stable isotopes Victoria, the other two African Great Lakes. Most collected fish species and all invertebrate Fish species had mercury concentrations below 0.2 μg Hg/g wet weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoo Ostrava the Annual Report 2010
    Zoo Ostrava The Annual Report 2010 Contents Director's review Petr Čolas . 5 Collection Status and Changes Jiří Novák, Ivo Firla a Jana Pluháčková . 7 Financial review Pavlína Konečná a Petr Čolas . 13 Zoo developments Stanislav Derlich, Petr Čolas, Pavlína Konečná . 27 Education and publicity Šárka Kalousková a Jan Pluháček . 34 Research in the Ostrava Zoo in 2010 Jan Pluháček . 39 Horticulture Tomáš Hanzelka . 42 Chitwan: entellus langurs meeting Asian black bears Karin Tančiboková . 43 Asiatic lions examined Lenka Juříková . 45 Breeding the crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) in captivity Jana Kanichová . 46 Research on suckling behaviour of common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) Jan Pluháček . 49 The Returning the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) to the Mountains of Moravskoslezske Beskydy Jana Kovářová . 50 Zoo library review Jindřicha Zemanová . 52 The list of employees of the Ostrava Zoo . .54 Dear supporter, Ostrava Zoo comes up to you with our new Annual Report for 2010, a period that was full of rush and efforts. It can be rated as exceptional be it only because of the fact that the team managed to open for visitors the largest number of new exhibits and facilities behind the scene in zoo's history. While dubbing 2008 a „year of development of projects“ and 2009 a „year of the most extensive works“, I can call 2010 a „year of new large exhibits being opened“. Recalling the last year just in terms of new displays would be however far from truth, thanks to the extensive construction activities and development of new large projects being underway at the same time. On the other hand, 2010 was a very challenging year, especially when it comes to finances.
    [Show full text]