Preface to the Revised Edition

of Califor- W.rhen I was a graduate student at the physics department of the University Ashcroft nia' San Diego, the textbook Sotźd, State Physi,cs written by Professor N' W' physics course that and Professor N. D. Mermin was used in the advanced solid state marked I took. Thus, I bought a copy of it from the uc san Diego bookstore' and been in my the date on the flyleaf: Jan. 14,1991. Since then, this book has always I finally returned luggage, following me to whereever I stayed around the world, before day, I'11 be and settled back in Beijing in 1996. However, never did I think that one one of the co-authors of this book. the first edition Iwrote the textbook soli,d, state Physi'cs for undergraduate students, English edition waspublished in chinese by Tsinghua university Press in 2003, and the Learning was published by cengage Learning Asia in 2008. In spring 2011, Cengage & Mermin's Asia asked me to draft a table of contents for a revised edition of Ashcroft just and did it based solid state Physi.cs. At that time, I thought it was consultation me when in July on rea.ders, feedback in the last 30 yeals. so, it came a surprise to of soli'd state 2011, cengage learning Asia invited me to work on the revised edition physicist in the field Physi,cs,of which I became the third author. As I am a materials society, this of applied magnetism, and a professional member of the IEEE Magnetics work had posed a big challenge for me' The new topics in this Revised Edition mainly include:

a diffłaction and scattering' a density functional theorY, a high Tc superconductors, a theory of superconductivitY, a semiconductor devices, a ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity, a applied magnetism and spintronics, vl Preface to the Revised Edition

o quantum Hall effect, and o characterization methods by probes.

I retained the original structure of the book as much as possible; for example, the density functional theory was added in the chapter Beyond, the Ind,epend,ent Electron Approrźrnation. This chapter was also brought forward to Chapter 9 and became the new core chapter of the electronic structures of crystals. I also wanted the Revised Edition to inherit the spirit of the first edition, that is, to discuss the knowledge in the field of matter science on a firm basis.

Acknowledgements

Among the people I want to acknowledge, Professor Neil W. Ashcroft and Professor N. David Mermin first come to my mind. When I revised the first four chapters of this edition, the electronic files from Cengage Learning Asia were not yet ready. Thus, I typed in every word from my ov/n copy of the first edition and made the necessary revisions. Hence, I familiarized myself with the language, structure, and all other details in the first edition, which was very important for future revisions and the writing of the rest of the book.

My PhD advisor Professor Daniel P. Arovas had given me some basic training in the theory of superconductivity and quantum Hall effect; fortunately, I still remember it after so many years, and this helped me to complete the related chapters. My husband Professor Chuan Liu is a high-energy physicist and a theoretician, and he clarified many significant concepts to me such as field operators in the density functional theory.

My friends and colleagues Professor Dingpin gLi, zhongshui Ma, Rong yu, and Jin Zhu introduced respected books in the related fields, which were useful as this revised edition covers a wide range of topics.

Dan Wei, Tsinghua University, Beijing,

April 2014 Brief Contents

1 CrystallineStructure 1 2, Classification of Bravais Lattices and Crystal Structures 29 3 The Reciprocal Lattice ó7 4 Diffraction and Scattering in Crystal Structures /o 5 The Drude TheorY of Metals 103 6 The Sommerfeld TheorY of Metals 139 7 Electron Levels in a Periodic Potential: General Properties L77 t Weak Potential Approximation and Tight-Binding Method 203' I Beyond the Independent Electron Approximation 25'1, 10 Other Methods for Calculating Band Structure 289 lt The Semiclassical TYansport Theory 3L7 12 Measuring the Fermi Surface 369 13 Band Structure of Selected Metals 399 14 Classification of Solids and Cohesive Energy 439 15 Beyond the Relaxation-Time Approximation 489 16 Surface Effects 511 17 Classical Theory of the Ilarmonic Crystal ó37 ot I lE Quantum Theory of the }larmonic Crystal 19 Measuring Phonon Dispersion Relations 603 2[t Anharmonic Effects in CrYstals 627 Ż1 Phonons in Metals 657 685 21ł Tbaditional and High-Ę Superconductors

xlll xlv Brief Contents

23 Theory of Superconductivity tzo 24 Ffomogeneous Semiconductors tot 25 Inhomogeneous Semiconductors 793 26 Semiconductor Devices 825 27 Defects in Crystals 875

28 Dielectric and Optical Properties of Insulators 911_ 29 Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity 945 30 Diamagnetism and Pararnagnetism 969 31 Electron Interactions and Magnetic Structure 1007 32 Magnetic Ordering IO4L 33 Applied Magnetism and Spintronics LO79 34 Landau Levels and Quantum Hall Effect TT27 35 Characterization Methods of Solids by Probes 1151 Appendices A Summary of Important Numerical Relations in the FYee Electron Theory of Metals LI73 B The Chemical Potential LT77 C The Soinrnerfeld Expansion IL79 D Pląne Wave Expansions of Periodic F\rnctions in More Than One Dimension 11g3 E The Velocity and Effective Mass of Bloch Electrons 1182 F Sorne Identities Related to Fourier Analysis of Periodic Systems 1191 G The Variational Principle for Schródinger's Equation 1193 H The Second Quantization in Many-Particle System 1l_gb I Hamiltonian Forrnulation of the Serniclassical Equations of Motion, and Liouville's Theorem 1199 J Greents Theorem for Periodic F\rnctions L2OI &icf Contents

K C;onditions for the Absence of Interband TYansitions in g*'.Ilniform Electric or Magnetic Fields L203

f" Optical Properties of Solid 1,207 Df, Quantum Theory of the flarmonic Crystal L2L3 m C.onservation of Crystal Momentum L2T9 lri $ fireory of the Scattering of Neutrons by a Crystal L227 i;:;. Prt'Erraluation of the Landó g-Factor i:; I235 Fr. S$iiograPhv L237 H€'r L26L Ar

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