DOCSLIB.ORG

The Marsi: the Construction of an Identity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Marsi: the Construction of an Identity THE MARSI: THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IDENTITY by Inaki Sagarna Urzelai A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Boise State University May 2021 © 2021 Inaki Sagarna Urzelai ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the thesis submitted by Inaki Sagarna Urzelai Thesis Title: The Marsi: The Construction of an Identity Date of Final Oral Examination: 11 December 2020 The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Iñaki Sagarna Urzelai, and they evaluated his presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. Katherine V. Huntley, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Erik Hadley, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Lee Ann Turner, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the thesis was granted by Katherine V. Huntley, Ph.D., Chair of the Supervisory Committee. The thesis was approved by the Graduate College. DEDICATION For everyone who made my stay at Boise a marvelous and unforgettable experience. Anes, Amaias, Olatzs Miren, Mikel, Iker, Juan, Andres, Maria, Usue, Arantxa, Aintzane, Ander, Irati, Tim, Cristina, Sofia, Borja, Jon Ander, Ibai, Israel, Marta, Simon, Julia, Iñigo, Jon, John… The whole Basque Community cannot fail to appear in this long list, particularly, the entire team of the Basque Museum and the Basque studies professors, Nere and Ziortza, who deserve a very special acknowledgement. To this end, a last mention to all the students, either in the Euskera classes or at BSU that suffered my broken English. This is not the end though, I will be back for sure. Laister arte Boise. Last, but not least, I want to highlight a scholar to whom I owe a lot: Cesare Letta. My work may be read as a reaction against his postulates, and in a way, it is. However, this study would not be possible without all his previous work, which it is simply outstanding. The following thesis aims to offer a more nuanced approach to Marsian identity, but as he himself posed “la realtà storica non è mai semplice e i nostri sforzi per interpretarla raramente possono ricorrere con successo a linee nette, contorni definiti e tinte forti e unite.” iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A big thank you to the three members of my committee. Eric Hardley, Lee.Ann Turner and Katherine V. Huntley, who was a sedulous advisor. Without your guidance, this thesis would not be possible. v ABSTRACT Up until now Marsian cultural identity has been approached from an old-fashioned theoretical angle of autoromanizazzione (“self-Romanization” or “emulation”). This perspective was one response to the unsatisfactory explanation of the previous paradigm (“Romanization”) to assess the incorporation faced by pre-Roman people. Nonetheless, current scholars have found the “self-Romanization” approach untenable. This view changes the scope of the agency from Roman to Native in the assimilation process of the Italians in the Roman culture, turning the whole influence into the Native elites, but all of it has an irremediable ending of exactly the same cultural convergence. Besides, the concept is still a top-bottom approach and the knowledge of the final outcome of the process obscures our judgment, taking for granted cultural behaviors as Roman when those are not necessarily Romans or vice versa. This work aims to criticize the modern approach of the 1970s epistemology reassessing the Marsian identity in a new light reconsidering the degree of the Roman agency, as it was more than it was previously thought. Nonetheless, the high degree of the Native agency in the structuration of the Marsian ethnicity cannot be neglected, because Marsian identity was a malleable ethnic concept to channel collective supralocal efforts by indigenous elites. The work offers a new way of understanding the Marsian culture refracted through the imperialistic lens of Roman authors. Keywords: Marsi, Rome, Identity formation, Ethnography, Settlement pattern. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ ix INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 Historiography ..................................................................................................... 4 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER TWO: LOCATING THE MARSI ............................................................... 16 2.1 Ethnogenesis within mythology: a situational construct ................................ 16 2.2 Native Categories ......................................................................................... 25 2.3 Cultural Stereotypes ..................................................................................... 30 2.3.1 The Best Warriors .......................................................................... 31 2.3.2 Snake-charming: Beyond Roman fantasy ....................................... 33 2.3.3 Negative Stands: The Night Witches. ............................................. 37 2.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER THREE: THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF MARSICA .............................. 41 3.1 Socio-Political Organization of the Marsic Communities .............................. 41 3.2 Aristocracy and Gender in the Funerary Record ........................................... 47 3.3 Religion. The Major Deity of The Marsi. ...................................................... 56 vii 3.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER FOUR: MARSI OVER ROMAN SWAY.................................................... 66 4.1 Approaching the Sources ............................................................................. 66 4.2 The New View: From Roman Domination to Roman Presence. ................... 69 4.3 The 3rd Century: Hannibal and Roman Military cControl: ex formula togarum. .......................................................................................................................... 76 4.4 The 2nd Century: Integration or Segregation? ............................................... 79 4.5 Bellum Marsicum and the Creation of Tota Italia. ........................................ 83 4.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER FIVE: THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MARSICA: FROM OCRES- NECROPOLIS TO THE MUNICIPIA .......................................................................... 89 5.1 The Rise of The Ocres-Necropolis Model .................................................... 90 5.2 The impact of the Roman presence: Alba Fucens. ............................. 99 5.3 Vici: Latin or Marsian? .................................................................. 105 5.4 The Aftermath of the Social War: The Municipalization. ................ 110 5.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 117 CONCLUSION: A NEW VIEW FOR THE MARSI ................................................... 119 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................. 133 APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................. 135 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Italy circa 300. Salmon, Samnites, 25. ........................................ 17 Figure 2 CN. GEL. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1974): 265. .................................................................................... 18 Figure 3 Caso Cantavio inscription. Campanelli, Il tesoro, 145. ............................ 26 Figure 4 Angitia. E. Fernique, “Bronze representant Angitia” Gazette archéologique 8.1 (1883): 224 ................................................................ 35 Figure 5 Central Italian Iron Age sculpture map. Rafaella Papi, "Un framento inedito di scultura Italica in abruzzo," Quaderni dell´instituto di archeologia e storia antica 2 (Roma: Viella, 1981): 11. ........................... 42 Figure 6 Devil´s Leg. J. J. Basile. “The Capestrano warrior and related monument of the seventh to fifth centuries B.C.,” RAHAL, 26 (1993), 19. .............. 43 Figure 7 Capestrano Warrior J.J. Basile. “The Capestrano warrior,” 12. ............... 43 Figure 8 Map of the vici in Marsic area. Modified from Stek, Cult Places, 156. ... 45 Figure 9 Celano Paludi. D’ Ercole, If Fucino 2001, 170. ....................................... 48 Figure 10 Scurcola Marsicana. Accontia Ritualita, 355. .......................................... 49 Figure 11 Corvaro. V. Accontia, Ritualitá, 356. .....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Umbria from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era
    UMBRIA FROM THE IRON AGE TO THE AUGUSTAN ERA PhD Guy Jolyon Bradley University College London BieC ILONOIK.] ProQuest Number: 10055445 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10055445 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis compares Umbria before and after the Roman conquest in order to assess the impact of the imposition of Roman control over this area of central Italy. There are four sections specifically on Umbria and two more general chapters of introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter examines the most important issues for the history of the Italian regions in this period and the extent to which they are relevant to Umbria, given the type of evidence that survives. The chapter focuses on the concept of state formation, and the information about it provided by evidence for urbanisation, coinage, and the creation of treaties. The second chapter looks at the archaeological and other available evidence for the history of Umbria before the Roman conquest, and maps the beginnings of the formation of the state through the growth in social complexity, urbanisation and the emergence of cult places.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Reuse of Imported Marble Pedestals at Caesarea Maritima in Israel
    Multiple Reuse of Imported Marble Pedestals at Caesarea Maritima in Israel Burrell, Barbara Source / Izvornik: ASMOSIA XI, Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone, Proceedings of the XI International Conference of ASMOSIA, 2018, 117 - 122 Conference paper / Rad u zborniku Publication status / Verzija rada: Published version / Objavljena verzija rada (izdavačev PDF) https://doi.org/10.31534/XI.asmosia.2015/01.10 Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:123:846795 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-07 Repository / Repozitorij: FCEAG Repository - Repository of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, University of Split ASMOSIA PROCEEDINGS: ASMOSIA I, N. HERZ, M. WAELKENS (eds.): Classical Marble: Geochemistry, Technology, Trade, Dordrecht/Boston/London,1988. e n ASMOSIA II, M. WAELKENS, N. HERZ, L. MOENS (eds.): o t Ancient Stones: Quarrying, Trade and Provenance – S Interdisciplinary Studies on Stones and Stone Technology in t Europe and Near East from the Prehistoric to the Early n Christian Period, Leuven 1992. e i ASMOSIA III, Y. MANIATIS, N. HERZ, Y. BASIAKOS (eds.): c The Study of Marble and Other Stones Used in Antiquity, n London 1995. A ASMOSIA IV, M. SCHVOERER (ed.): Archéomatéiaux – n Marbres et Autres Roches. Actes de la IVème Conférence o Internationale de l’Association pour l’Étude des Marbres et s Autres Roches Utilisés dans le Passé, Bordeaux-Talence 1999. e i d ASMOSIA V, J. HERRMANN, N. HERZ, R. NEWMAN (eds.): u ASMOSIA 5, Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone – t Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of the S Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in y Antiquity, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, June 1998, London r 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • AMELIO PEZZETTA Via Monteperalba 34 – 34149 Trieste; E-Mail: [email protected]
    Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste 58 2016 57/83 XII 2016 ISSN: 0335-1576 LE ORCHIDACEAE DELLA PROVINCIA DI CHIETI (ABRUZZO) AMELIO PEZZETTA Via Monteperalba 34 – 34149 Trieste; e-mail: [email protected] Riassunto – Il territorio della provincia di Chieti (regione Abruzzo) misura 2.592 km² e occupa da nord a sud l'area com- presa tra le valli dei fiumi Pescara e Trigno, mentre da sud-ovest a nord-ovest lo spartiacque di vari massicci montuosi lo separa da altre province. Nel complesso è caratterizzato da una grande eterogeneità ambientale che consente l'attec- chimento di molte specie vegetali. Nel presente lavoro è riportato l’elenco floristico di tutte le Orchidacee comprendenti 88 taxa e 21 ibridi. A sua volta l'analisi corologica evidenzia la prevalenza degli elementi mediterranei seguita da quelli eurasiatici. Parole chiave: Chieti, Orchidaceae, check-list provinciale, elementi floristici. Abstract – The province of Chieti (Abruzzo Region) measuring 2,592 square kilometers and from north to south occupies the area between the valleys of the rivers Trigno and Pescara while from the south-west to north-west the watershed of several mountain ranges separating it from other provinces. In the complex it is characterized by a great diversity envi- ronment that allows the engraftment of many plant species. In this paper it contains a list of all the Orchids flora including 88 taxa and 21 hybrids. In turn chorological analysis highlights the prevalence of Mediterranean elements followed by those Eurasian. Keywords: Chieti, Orchidaceae, provincial check-list, floristic contingents. 1. - Inquadramento dell'area d'indagine Il territorio della provincia di Chieti copre la superficie di 2.592 km², com- prende 104 comuni e la sua popolazione attuale e di circa 397000 abitanti.
    [Show full text]
  • SMITH Archeologia Classica.Pdf (384.1Kb)
    NUOVA SERIE Rivista del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’antichità Sezione di Archeologia Fondatore: GIULIO Q. GIGLIOLI Direzione Scientifica MARIA CRISTINA BIELLA, ENZO LIPPOLIS, LAURA MICHETTI, GLORIA OLCESE, DOMENICO PALOMBI, MASSIMILIANO PAPINI, MARIA GRAZIA PICOZZI, FRANCESCA ROMANA STASOLLA, STEFANO TORTORELLA Direttore responsabile: DOMENICO PALOMBI Redazione: FABRIZIO SANTI, FRANCA TAGLIETTI Vol. LXVIII - n.s. II, 7 2017 «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER - ROMA Comitato Scientifico PIERRE GROS, SYBILLE HAYNES, TONIO HÖLSCHER, METTE MOLTESEN, STÉPHANE VERGER Il Periodico adotta un sistema di Peer-Review Archeologia classica : rivista dell’Istituto di archeologia dell’Università di Roma. - Vol. 1 (1949). - Roma : Istituto di archeologia, 1949. - Ill.; 24 cm. - Annuale. - Il complemento del titolo varia. - Dal 1972: Roma: «L’ERMA» di Bretschneider. ISSN 0391-8165 (1989) CDD 20. 930.l’05 ISBN CARTACEO 978-88-913-1563-2 ISBN DIGITALE 978-88-913-1567-0 ISSN 0391-8165 © COPYRIGHT 2017 - SAPIENZA - UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Aut. del Trib. di Roma n. 104 del 4 aprile 2011 Volume stampato con contributo di Sapienza - Università di Roma INDICE DEL VOLUME LXVIII ARTICOLI AMBROGI A. (con un’appendice di FERRO C.), Un rilievo figurato di età tardo- repubblicana da un sepolcro dell’Appia antica ............................................... p. 143 BALDASSARRI P., Lusso privato nella tarda antichità: le piccole terme di Palazzo Valentini e un pavimento in opus sectile con motivi complessi...................... » 245 BARATTA G., Falere tardo-antiche ispaniche con quattro passanti angolari: aggiornamenti e ipotesi sulla funzionalità del tipo ......................................... » 289 BARBERA M., Prime ipotesi su una placchetta d’avorio dal Foro Romano .......... » 225 COATES-STEPHENS R., Statue museums in Late Antique Rome ........................... » 309 GATTI S., Tradizione ellenistica e sperimentazione italica: l’Aula Absidata nel foro di Praeneste ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Age and Roman Italy
    World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 336-357 16 Iron Age and Roman Italy Zena Kamash, Lucy Shipley, Yannis Galanakis and Stella Skaltsa 16.1 Introduction The Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) holds c. 346 artefacts from Italy that are recorded as Iron Age or Roman in date. A further c. 302 artefacts are listed as ‘Roman’, but with no country of provenance. This chapter therefore presents a characterization of c. 648 artefacts, complementing the discussions of Iron Age and Roman material in the chapters on Egypt (Chapter 7), Europe (Chapter 11), the Aegean and Cyprus (Chapter 15), the Levant (Chapter 22) and South-West Asia (Chapter 23). After setting this collection in its geographic and temporal context (16.2), this chapter presents an overview of the collectors represented by the Iron Age and Roman Italian collections (16.3), with reference to the PRM founding collection (16.3.1), and the material collected by John Wickham Flower (16.3.2), Henry Balfour (16.3.3), Robert William Theodore Gunther (16.3.4), Anthony John Arkell (16.3.5), Walter Leo Hildburgh (16.3.6), and other collectors (16.3.7). The collections from Iron Age Italy are considered in section 16.4 by Lucy Shipley, Yannis Galanakis and Stella Skaltsa, with reference to the Etruscan collections (16.4.1) and the other Iron Age material from Italy (16.4.2). Collections from Roman Italy and unprovenanced Roman objects are considered by Zena Kamash in section 16.5, and brief conclusions are drawn in section 16.6.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Phasis 8, 2005 Ekaterine Kobakhidze (Tbilisi) THE ISSUE OF DESCENT OF THE DEITY MARS An attempt to identify the functions of Roman deity Mars has been made in many research works.1 Particular interest towards this god is motivated by his participation in so-called Roman genealogical myths. The father of Romulus and Remus, the main character of one of the earliest patterns of the surviving folk poetry, has for a long time remained in science in the shade of the Greek god of war Ares, and was perceived as his Roman interpretation. Now "justice is restored", and under the influence of Greek mythology, he re-acquired the role of the god of war for the second time, though his primary function has not been definitely identified. I believe that obtaining further insight into the essence of the problem is impossible without taking into consideration the "Italian context" of the Ro- man deity. In this case I mean the pantheon of the peoples living on the Apennines peninsula and participation of Mars‟ namesake gods in the forma- tion of functions of the Roman deity. These mythological characters and gods are: of Marsians – Marsia, Mar- sos, of Auzons – Mares, and Etruscan – Maris. Let us consider the existing information on each of the deities, which in first two cases is fully based on literary sources. 1 Georg Wissowa, Religion u. Kultur d. Römer, 2. Auflage, München, 1912, U. W. Scholz, Studien z. altitalischen u. altrömischen Marskult u. Marsmythos, Heidelberg, 1970, E. Simon, Il dio Marte nell‟arte dell‟ Italia Centrale, Studi Etruschi, XLVI, 1978, 135-74, G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burial of the Urban Poor in Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire
    Death, disposal and the destitute: The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire Emma-Jayne Graham Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield December 2004 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk The following have been excluded from this digital copy at the request of the university: Fig 12 on page 24 Fig 16 on page 61 Fig 24 on page 162 Fig 25 on page 163 Fig 26 on page 164 Fig 28 on page 168 Fig 30on page 170 Fig 31 on page 173 Abstract Recent studies of Roman funerary practices have demonstrated that these activities were a vital component of urban social and religious processes. These investigations have, however, largely privileged the importance of these activities to the upper levels of society. Attempts to examine the responses of the lower classes to death, and its consequent demands for disposal and commemoration, have focused on the activities of freedmen and slaves anxious to establish or maintain their social position. The free poor, living on the edge of subsistence, are often disregarded and believed to have been unceremoniously discarded within anonymous mass graves (puticuli) such as those discovered at Rome by Lanciani in the late nineteenth century. This thesis re-examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the funerary practices of the urban poor in Italy within their appropriate social, legal and religious context. The thesis attempts to demonstrate that the desire for commemoration and the need to provide legitimate burial were strong at all social levels and linked to several factors common to all social strata.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial Board
    Editorial Board: Rismag Gordeziani – Editor-in-Chief Dimitris Angelatos (Nicosia) Valeri Asatiani Irine Darchia Tina Dolidze Levan Gordeziani Sophie Shamanidi Nana Tonia Jürgen Werner (Berlin) Marika Erkomaishvili – Executive Secretary fazisi 8, 2005 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis institutis berZnuli da romauli Studiebi © programa `logosi~, 2005 ISSN 1512-1046 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Those who wish to publish papers in Phasis, please send your contribu- tions on a floppy disk or by E-mail (formatted in Microsoft Word for Win- dows, using font Times New Roman, with no more than 60 000 characters) and a laser-printed copy. If a paper requires specific signs, please give them on the left margin, next to the corresponding line. Notes should be numbered all from 1... till the last one, and given at the bottom of the corresponding page (as footnotes). We suggest the following way of giving bibliography: In case of a periodical or of a collection of papers: author (initials and surname in full), the title of the paper, the title of the periodical, number, year, pages (without p.); In case of monographs: author (initials and surname in full), the title of the work, publisher (name and city), year, pages (without p.). The papers will be appriciated in the following languages: English, French and German. Materials approved by reviewers will be published in the subsequent issue without any editorial, stylistic or orthographic corrections to the original text. Authors will be duly informed on the date of publication, and will afterwards receive one copy of the volume each. Please send us your exact whereabouts: address, telephone number, fax number and E- mail.
    [Show full text]
  • The Client Community Nicolspdf III 2 Status Client
    The Client Community NicolsPDF_III_2 Status Client Province Date No. Nomen Cognomen ? Aquae Sabaudiae Narbonensis 200 680 Smerius Masuetus ? Eburodunum Germ sup 150 292 Flavius Camillus ? Lepcis Afr proc 60 876 Rufus ? Lepcis Afr proc 60 877 Ignotus CA ? Reii Narbonensis 150 759 Ignotus AJ chec Auzia Mauretania 200 26 Aelius Longinus chec Sufetula Afr proc 732 check check city Verona Italia x 138 474 Nonius M. f. Mucianus citz ...enacates ? Pannonia 100 332 Glitius P. f. Atilius citz Abella Italia i 120 404 Marcius Plaetorius citz Abellinum Italia i 200 59 Antonius Rufinus citz Abellinum Italia i 225 183 Caesius T.f. Anthianus citz Abellinum Italia i 175 217 Claudius Frontinus citz Abellinum Italia i 175 218 Claudius Saethida citz Abellinum Italia i 175 219 Claudius Saethida citz Abellinum Italia i 200 278 Egnatius C. f. Certus citz Acinipo Baetica 225 378 Junius L. f. Terentianus citz Acinipo Baetica 200 422 Marius M. f. Fronto citz Acinipo Baetica 200 608 Servilius Q. f. Lupus citz Aeclanum Italia ii 126 277 Eggius L. f. Ambibulus citz Aeclanum Italia ii 150 468 Neratius C. f. Proculus citz Aeclanum Italia ii 161 509 Otacilius L. f. Rufus citz Aeclanum Italia ii 240 705 Calventius L f Corl...sinus? citz Aeclanum Italia ii 150 717 Maximus? citz Aeclanum Italia ii 150 795 Ignotus BF citz Aenona Dalmatia -1 615 Silius P. f. citz Aenona Dalmatia 23 678 Volusius L. f. Saturninus citz Aequicoli Italia iv 225 389 Livius Q. f. Velenius citz Aesernia Italia iv 150 1 Abullius Dexter citz Aesernia Italia iv -25 68 Appuleius Sex f citz Aesernia Italia iv 150 262 Decrius C.
    [Show full text]
  • Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
    Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Attività Espropriative Aggiornato Al 31/01/2016
    U.S.R.A. – U.S.R.C. UFFICIO CENTRALIZZATO ESPROPRI c/o Scuola Ispettori e Sovrintendenti della GdF (Palazzina C/1) Via delle Fiamme Gialle (Coppito) - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ) L’Aquila 31 Gennaio 2016 REPORT ATTIVITÁ ESPROPRIATIVE AGGIORNATO AL 31/01/2016 REPORT ATTIVITÁ ESPROPRIATIVE AL 31/01/2016 - Ufficio Centralizzato Espropri U.S.R.A- U.S.R.C –Gennaio 2016 -2 Sommario TABELLA 1 STIMA RISORSE .................................................................................................. 4 ALLEGATI ALL.1/SINTESI PROGETTO C.A.S.E. ALL.2/SINTESI MAP L’AQUILA ALL.3/SINTESI MUSP L’AQUILA ALL.4/SINTESI COMUNI CRATERE MAP E MUSP ALL.5/ SINTESI AREA CESSIONI ALL.6/SINTESI DEPOSITO INERTI ALL.7/SINTESI G8 REPORT ATTIVITÁ ESPROPRIATIVE AL 31/01/2016 - Ufficio Centralizzato Espropri U.S.R.A- U.S.R.C –Gennaio 2016 -3 Tabella 1 Stima Risorse - Situazione al 31/01/2016 IMPEGNATI PREVISTI PROGETTI 2013/2014 2015 2015 2016 TOTALE CASE € 29.700.986,22 € 3.906.755,20 € 4.000.000,00 € 2.000.000,00 € 35.700.986,22 MAP AQ € 4.443.340,26 € 2.034.965,21 € 3.000.000,00 € 2.000.000,00 € 9.443.340,26 MUSP AQ € 5.156.736,61 € 1.633.304,50 € 1.000.000,00 € 1.000.000,00 € 7.156.736,61 ONERI FISCALI € 269.098,52 € 84.625,25 € 400.000,00 € 600.000,00 € 1.269.098,52 CRATERE ESPROPRI € 9.001.880,17 € 1.765.569,13 € 2.000.000,00 € 2.000.000,00 € 13.001.880,17 CAVE INERTI € 587.644,39 € 0,00 € 0,00 € 400.000,00 € 987.644,39 G8 € 1.890.111,95 € 0,00 € 0,00 € 0,00 € 1.890.111,95 ACCOGLIENZA/SISTEMAZIONI € 544.386,11 € 403.271,09 € 1.000.000,00 € 500.000,00 € 2.044.386,11 ONERI FISCALI € 1.514.893,37 € 99.771,21 € 1.000.000,00 € 1.000.000,00 € 3.514.893,37 TOT € 53.109.077,60 € 9.928.261,59 € 12.400.000,00 € 9.500.000,00 € 75.009.077,60 REPORT ATTIVITÁ ESPROPRIATIVE AL 31/01/2016 - Ufficio Centralizzato Espropri U.S.R.A- U.S.R.C –Gennaio 2016 -4 GENNAIO 2016 PROGETTO C.A.S.E.
    [Show full text]