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Cost of a Cyber Incident)
CO ST OF A CYBER INCIDENT: S YSTEMATIC REVIEW AND C ROSS-VALIDATION OCTOBER 26, 2020 1 Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Allan Friedman, Dr. Lawrence Gordon, Jay Jacobs, Dr. Sasha Romanosky, Matthew Shabat, Kelly Shortridge, Steven Surdu, David Tobar, Brett Tucker and Sounil Yu for the review comments and helpful feedback on the earlier draft of the report. The authors would like to thank CISA staff for support and advice on this project. 2 Table of Contents 1. Objectives .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Results in Brief .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1. Per-Incident Cost and Loss Estimates .............................................................................................. 18 3.1.1. Cross-Validation: Primary Loss Data for Large and Small Incidents .................................. 20 3.1.2. Reconciliation of Per-Incident Cost Studies .................................................................................. 26 3.1.3. Per-Record Estimates ............................................................................................................................. 29 3.2. Aggregate -
Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09
REPORT: SYMANTEC ENTERPRISE SECURITY SYMANTEC REPORT: Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Published October 2009 Confidence in a connected world. White Paper: Symantec Enterprise Security Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Contents Introduction . 1 Overview of Rogue Security Software. 2 Risks . 4 Advertising methods . 7 Installation techniques . 9 Legal actions and noteworthy scam convictions . 14 Prevalence of Rogue Security Software . 17 Top reported rogue security software. 17 Additional noteworthy rogue security software samples . 25 Top rogue security software by region . 28 Top rogue security software installation methods . 29 Top rogue security software advertising methods . 30 Analysis of Rogue Security Software Distribution . 32 Analysis of Rogue Security Software Servers . 36 Appendix A: Protection and Mitigation. 45 Appendix B: Methodologies. 48 Credits . 50 Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Introduction The Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software is an in-depth analysis of rogue security software programs. This includes an overview of how these programs work and how they affect users, including their risk implications, various distribution methods, and innovative attack vectors. It includes a brief discussion of some of the more noteworthy scams, as well as an analysis of the prevalence of rogue security software globally. It also includes a discussion on a number of servers that Symantec observed hosting these misleading applications. Except where otherwise noted, the period of observation for this report was from July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009. Symantec has established some of the most comprehensive sources of Internet threat data in the world through the Symantec™ Global Intelligence Network. -
Checks to Avoid Malware Protect Your Laptop with Security Essentials
What is Malware? Malware is software that can infect you computer and can be a virus or malicious software that can harm & slow your system or try to steal your personal information. To help avoid malware follow the check list below. Checks to avoid Malware Check you have updated Antivirus software installed such as Microsoft Security Essentials Install and run an Anti-Malware program such as Malwarebytes Uninstall any Peer 2 Peer software such as Limewire or Vuze Be careful with email attachments and never respond to mails asking for your password Protect your Laptop with Security Essentials Microsoft Security Essentials is a free antivirus software product for Windows Vista, 7 & 8. It pro- vides protection against different types of malware such as computer virus, spyware, rootkits, trojans & other malicious software. Download & install Security Essentials from the following link http:// www.microsoft.com/security_essentials/ Clear Infections using Malwarebytes Malware bytes is free to download & install from http://www.malwarebytes.org Once installed it is recommended that you run a Full Scan of your laptop to check for any malware that may reside on the system. Once complete, follow the on screen instructions to finish removing any threats found. You should regularly run updates and scans to ensure your system remains clean. It is also advisable to scan external storage devices such as USB keys as they can spread infections. If the above criteria are fully met, ISS staff at the service desk on the ground floor of the library are happy to investigate problems on your laptop For more information go to http://www.dcu.ie/iss ISS online service desk: https://https://iss.servicedesk.dcu.ie Follow ISS on Twitter @ISSservice . -
Watch out for Fake Virus Alerts
State of West Virginia Cyber Security Tip ALERT West Virginia Office of Information Security and Controls – Jim Richards, WV Chief Information Security Officer WATCH OUT FOR FAKE VIRUS ALERTS Rogue security software, also known as "scareware," is software that appears to be beneficial from a security perspective (i.e. free virus scan) but provides limited or no security, generates erroneous or misleading alerts, or attempts to lure users into participating in fraudulent transactions. How does rogue security software get on my computer? Rogue security software designers create legitimate looking pop-up windows that advertise security update software. These windows might appear on your screen while you surf the web. The "updates" or "alerts" in the pop-up windows call for you to take some sort of action, such as clicking to install the software, accept recommended updates, or remove unwanted viruses or spyware. When you click, the rogue security software downloads to your computer. Rogue security software might also appear in the list of search results when you are searching for trustworthy antispyware software, so it is important to protect your computer. What does rogue security software do? Rogue security software might report a virus, even though your computer is actually clean. The software might also fail to report viruses when your computer is infected. Inversely, sometimes, when you download rogue security software, it will install a virus or other malicious software on your computer so that the software has something to detect. Some rogue security software might also: Lure you into a fraudulent transaction (for example, upgrading to a non-existent paid version of a program). -
Hostscan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts
HostScan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts 10/1/19 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco public. Page 1 of 76 Contents HostScan Version 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts ............................................................................... 3 Antimalware and Firewall Attributes Supported by HostScan .................................................................................................. 3 OPSWAT Version Information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows .................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows ........................................................ 44 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macos .................................................... 65 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macOS ........................................................... 71 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux ...................................................... 73 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux .............................................................. 76 ©201 9 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. -
Kaspersky Managed Service Providers Program
Kaspersky for Business MOBILE CONTROLS CLOUD ENDPOINT NETWORK SECURITY REPORTING VIRTUALIZATION SIEM SUPPORT SERVERS SERVICES CLOUD APPS Kaspersky Managed Service Providers Program Technical Reference Guide www.kaspersky.com #truecybersecurity Table of contents Program benefits 1 MSP program requirements 1 Products 2 Training and certification 5 Professional services 5 Technical designs 6 Kaspersky Endpoint Security Cloud 6 Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Business Select 6 Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Business Advanced 6 Kaspersky Hybrid Cloud Security 7 Kaspersky Security for Microsoft Office 365 8 Kaspersky Security for Mail Server 8 Kaspersky Security for Internet Gateways 9 Customer onboarding checklist 10 Appendix A 11 Appendix B 12 Appendix C 13 Appendix D 17 Program benefits • Flexible licensing allow you to choose between a monthly subscription and an annual license. Because you own the product license, there’s no need to spend time administrating contract renewals with customers — extending licenses is easy; no special action is required. • Increase sales revenues with volume-based discounts — the more customers you have, the less you pay. Pricing depends on the total number of devices of all customers. Sell more and gain bigger discounts. • Be even more efficient and grow your client base without having to hire additional engineers. With built-in best practices that drive operational efficiency, you’ll improve your tech-to-device ratio and boost your bottom line. Increase your scalability and protect more endpoints with fewer headaches. • Improved usability. Kaspersky Lab understands the importance of ease of use when it comes to security, and our design and usability specialists are closely involved in product development. -
Key Benefits Core Technologies and Technical Features
Advanced threat prevention Malwarebytes Endpoint Security is an innovative platform that delivers powerful multi- layered defense for smart endpoint protection. Malwarebytes Endpoint Security enables small and large enterprise businesses to thoroughly protect against the latest malware and advanced threats—including stopping known and unknown exploit attacks. Key Benefits Blocks zero-hour malware Easy management Reduces the chances of data exfiltration and saves Simplifies endpoint security management and identifies on IT resources by protecting against zero-hour vulnerable endpoints. Streamlines endpoint security malware that traditional security solutions can miss. deployment and maximizes IT management resources. Saves legacy systems Scalable threat prevention Protects unsupported programs by armoring Deploys protection for every endpoint and scales as vulnerabilities against exploits. your company grows. Increases productivity Detects unprotected systems Maintains end-user productivity by preserving Discovers all endpoints and installed software on your system performance and keeping staff on revenue- network. Systems without Malwarebytes that are positive projects. vulnerable to cyber attacks can be easily secured. Core Technologies and Technical Features Anti-Malware Proactive anti-malware/anti-spyware scanning Three system scan modes (Quick, Flash, Full) engine Enables selection of the most efficient system scan Detects and eliminates zero-hour and known based on endpoint security requirements and available viruses, Trojans, worms, rootkits, adware, and system resources. spyware in real time to ensure data security and network integrity. Extends its protection to Windows Server operating systems. | Santa Clara, CA | malwarebytes.com | [email protected] | 1.800.520.2796 Advanced threat prevention Malicious website blocking Advanced malware remediation Prevents access to known malicious IP addresses Employs delete-on-reboot to remove persistent or so that end users are proactively protected from deeply embedded malware. -
A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics
UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA´ DE MADRID ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics PH.D THESIS Platon Pantelis Kotzias Copyright c 2019 by Platon Pantelis Kotzias iv DEPARTAMENTAMENTO DE LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS´ E INGENIERIA DE SOFTWARE ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF: Doctor of Philosophy in Software, Systems and Computing Author: Platon Pantelis Kotzias Advisor: Dr. Juan Caballero April 2019 Chair/Presidente: Marc Dasier, Professor and Department Head, EURECOM, France Secretary/Secretario: Dario Fiore, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Software Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Juan Tapiador, Associate Professor, Universidad Carlos III, Spain Member/Vocal: Igor Santos, Associate Research Professor, Universidad de Deusto, Spain Abstract of the Dissertation Potentially unwanted programs (PUP) are a category of undesirable software that, while not outright malicious, can pose significant risks to users’ security and privacy. There exist indications that PUP prominence has quickly increased over the last years, but the prevalence of PUP on both consumer and enterprise hosts remains unknown. Moreover, many important aspects of PUP such as distribution vectors, code signing abuse, and economics also remain unknown. In this thesis, we empirically and sys- tematically analyze in both breadth and depth PUP abuse, prevalence, distribution, and economics. We make the following four contributions. First, we perform a systematic study on the abuse of Windows Authenticode code signing by PUP and malware. -
Antivirus Software Before It Can Detect Them
Computer virus A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, adware, and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.[1][2] The term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware, and other malicious and unwanted software), including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but has a hidden agenda. Worms and Trojans, like viruses, may cause harm to either a computer system's hosted data, functional performance, or networking throughput, when they are executed. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious. -
Q3 Consumer Endpoint Protection Jul-Sep 2020
HOME ANTI- MALWARE PROTECTION JUL - SEP 2020 selabs.uk [email protected] @SELabsUK www.facebook.com/selabsuk blog.selabs.uk SE Labs tested a variety of anti-malware (aka ‘anti-virus’; aka ‘endpoint security’) products from a range of well-known vendors in an effort to judge which were the most effective. Each product was exposed to the same threats, which were a mixture of targeted attacks using well-established techniques and public email and web-based threats that were found to be live on the internet at the time of the test. The results indicate how effectively the products were at detecting and/or protecting against those threats in real time. 2 Home Anti-Malware Protection July - September 2020 MANAGEMENT Chief Executive Officer Simon Edwards CONTENTS Chief Operations Officer Marc Briggs Chief Human Resources Officer Magdalena Jurenko Chief Technical Officer Stefan Dumitrascu Introduction 04 TEstING TEAM Executive Summary 05 Nikki Albesa Zaynab Bawa 1. Total Accuracy Ratings 06 Thomas Bean Solandra Brewster Home Anti-Malware Protection Awards 07 Liam Fisher Gia Gorbold Joseph Pike 2. Threat Responses 08 Dave Togneri Jake Warren 3. Protection Ratings 10 Stephen Withey 4. Protection Scores 12 IT SUPPORT Danny King-Smith 5. Protection Details 13 Chris Short 6. Legitimate Software Ratings 14 PUBLICatION Sara Claridge 6.1 Interaction Ratings 15 Colin Mackleworth 6.2 Prevalence Ratings 16 Website selabs.uk Twitter @SELabsUK 6.3 Accuracy Ratings 16 Email [email protected] Facebook www.facebook.com/selabsuk 6.4 Distribution of Impact Categories 17 Blog blog.selabs.uk Phone +44 (0)203 875 5000 7. -
Torward: DISCOVERY, BLOCKING, and TRACEBACK of MALICIOUS TRAFFIC OVER Tor 2517
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, VOL. 10, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2015 2515 TorWard: Discovery, Blocking, and Traceback of Malicious Traffic Over Tor Zhen Ling, Junzhou Luo, Member, IEEE,KuiWu,Senior Member, IEEE, Wei Yu, and Xinwen Fu Abstract— Tor is a popular low-latency anonymous communi- I. INTRODUCTION cation system. It is, however, currently abused in various ways. OR IS a popular overlay network that provides Tor exit routers are frequently troubled by administrative and legal complaints. To gain an insight into such abuse, we designed Tanonymous communication over the Internet for and implemented a novel system, TorWard, for the discovery and TCP applications and helps fight against various Internet the systematic study of malicious traffic over Tor. The system censorship [1]. It serves hundreds of thousands of users and can avoid legal and administrative complaints, and allows the carries terabyte of traffic daily. Unfortunately, Tor has been investigation to be performed in a sensitive environment such abused in various ways. Copyrighted materials are shared as a university campus. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is used to discover and classify malicious traffic. We performed through Tor. The black markets (e.g., Silk Road [2], an comprehensive analysis and extensive real-world experiments to online market selling goods such as pornography, narcotics validate the feasibility and the effectiveness of TorWard. Our or weapons1) can be deployed through Tor hidden service. results show that around 10% Tor traffic can trigger IDS alerts. Attackers also run botnet Command and Control (C&C) Malicious traffic includes P2P traffic, malware traffic (e.g., botnet servers and send spam over Tor. -
Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus & Internet Security Windows 10
Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Antivirus & Internet Security Windows 10 January 2020 Document: Consumer Security Products Performance Benchmarks (Edition 2) Authors: J. Han, D. Wren Company: PassMark Software Date: 13 January 2020 Edition: 2 File: Consumer_Security_Products_Performance_Benchmarks_2020_Ed_2.docx Consumer Security Performance Benchmarks 2019 PassMark Software Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................................................ 3 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 4 OVERALL SCORE ................................................................................................................................................ 5 PRODUCTS AND VERSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6 PERFORMANCE METRICS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 7 TEST RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................