Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]

GANG INJUNCTIONS AND DATA BASES

CALIFORNIA UW GANG DEFINITIONS

The following definitions were established by 's 1988 STEP (Street Terrorism adopted by the California State Anti­ Gang Coordinating Committee. These definitions steer law enforcement policy throughout California and increasingly throughout the U.S.

Definition of "criminal street gang:"

A criminal street gang is defined as any organization, association or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, which (1) has continuity of purpose, (2) seeks a group identity, and (3) has members who individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal activity. Reference section 186.22m of the California Penal Code.

Definition of "gang-related" :

A crime is considered to be "gang-related" if the suspect or the victim of the incident is a known member of a gang, or there is reliable information indicating that a gang member committed the offense.

Definition of "gang member"

A gang member is defined as anyone who (1) actively participates in any gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity; and who (2) willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in any felonious criminal conduct by members of the gang. Reference Section 186.22(a) of the California Penal Code.

Identification Criteria Date: S// S /61; An individual is "identified as a gang member" based on the following criteria: Submitted in ~/J /1tJL 6.P.JV6..$ Committee Council File No: 0 - 09Cf1 1. Ad m1ts· gang mem bers h'1p or assoc1at1on.· · ~ 2. Is observed to associate on a regular basis with known gang members. Item No.: __.:../ ______3. Has tattoos indicating gang membership. 0 . Adam R L"ld 4. Wears gang clothing, symbols, etc., to identify with a specific gang. eputy·----~~!lr4LILJI...JIL....l\.a.• ...~~-.~"""" 5. Is in a photograph with known gang members and/or using gang-related hand signs. 6. Name is on a gang document, hit list, or gang-related graffiti. 7. Is identified as a gang member by a reliable source. 8. Arrested in the company of identified gang members or associates. 9. Corresponds with known gang members or writes and/or receives correspondence about gang activities. 10. Writes about (graffiti) on walls, books, paper, etc.

You only have to meet three criteria to be identified as a "gang member." Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]

Cal Gang Mission and Scope of Work as Defined bv the California Department of Justice (2001)

What Is CALIGANG?

State Department of Justice (DOJ) Definition of the CALIGANG Database:

A cooperative automation project between California Department of Justice (DOJ)/Bureau of Investigation, Division of Criminal Justice Information Services, Hawkins Data Center, local law enforcement agencies and ORION Scientific Systems, to electronically share information on criminal street gangs and gang members via a statewide automated Intranet.

California State DOJ Argument for Why CALIGANG Is Needed:

Increased mobility of gangs throughout the state, enhanced ability of gangs to finance their activities through criminal enterprise, and increased sophistication of gangs in the use of technology has created an environment that requires a more cooperative and consolidated effort by law enforcement agencies to combat gang violence and crime.

By using new lnternetllntranet technologies, all existing gang information is available to law enforcement officers at a central location at California, Department of Justice. This database contains critical information on gangs, gang members, firearms, criminal activities and histories, vehicles, and more than 150 other fields of information. Additional law enforcement agencies are able to participate in CALIGANG with only a computer and a modem can have access to and participate in a centralized method of sharing gang information.

CALIGANG takes advantage of Internet technology. The system is comprised of a central server at DOJ and seven regional nodes (additional nodes are in the planning stages) deployed strategically throughout the state. The database was built using Microsoft SQL Server and Netscape Enterprise Server as the web server for each location. Each regional node maintains a complete version of the application. The regional node is responsible for maintaining their local agency end user data. The data is replicated to the DOJ central server, creating a central repository of statewide gang information.

Gang Injunctions

A gang injunction in LosAhgeles is when the City Attorney's Office with approval from a judge issues a restraining order againsf,specific gcmg members of a particular gang. With information gathered from police officers and the public, the judge will grant a restraining \Order against identified members of a gang, in essence suing them. ' In the lawsuit, the actual gang members are mentioned, and they are forbidden to engage in a number of activities, some of which are already illegal such as selling drugs, vandalizing property and possessing weapons. Other activities that they are restricted from doing have included congregating in groups, being out after a particular time (curfew), being in possession of a pager or a cellular telephone, or riding bicycles.

Each gang injunction must define a geographic area where these activities are restricted.

There are three different types on injunctions:

• A Temporary Restraining Order is usually issued very quickly by the court-- within 24-48 hours. Often police and a City or District Attorney will move first for a Temporary Order because of the speed in which it is issued. (In the case of the current 18th Street Injunction, LA City never moved for a temporary order. Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]

• A Preliminary Injunction is a filed request where defendants must file papers in opposition. At a hearing, a judge grants or denies permission for the injunction. If a Preliminary Injunction is granted, then the injunction's conditions until final judgement is made either in a trial before a judge, a jury trial or the two sides agree to settle. Usually the civil lawsuit ends in a jury trial to determine final judgement.

• If the Preliminary Injunction is deemed in court to be legitimate, at that time it becomes a Permanent Injunction.

HISTORY AND CURRENT GANG INJUNCTIONS

Los Angeles first started experimenting with gang injunctions in the early 1980s in Pomona, West Covina, and East , but the injunction against the Play Boy Gangster Grips in 1987 is when these civil abatement strategies first gained national attention. The popularity of the LA County injunctions have led and San Jose, California, San Antonio, Texas, and Chicago, Illinois to adopt similar strategies.

There are currently more than 20 injunctions now in effect in LA City and many more in L.A. County. Injunctions have more often been placed in areas surrounded by middle class communities or in areas facing intense gentrification where political pressure is brought to bear (such as in the four "permanent" gang injunctions against San Fernando Valley street gangs, -­ Canoga Park, Alabama, Pacoima Project Boys, Langdon Street and Blythe Street- and the injunctions in Venice and Long Beach. Since the use of injunctions began in L.A. County in the mid-eighties, the injunctions listed below have also been issued. (Please note, we need better intelligence on this -law enforcement hasn't been too anxious to share with us, so we need to figure out how to get a more updated and accurate list.)

When you look at the list below, it's interesting to see injunctions aren't on the largest gangs or most notorious neighborhoods. We have marked the injunctions that are in areas surrounded by predominantly white communities (W) or areas that are facing extreme gentrification (g) since we think these are key factors in determining who gets injunctions as an intentional tool of both containment and displacement.

CODE INJUNCTION DATE CITY

Dogtown (Eastside) 1982 LA 62nd St East Coast Grips 1982 LA Primera Flats 1982 LA Playboy Gangster Grips 10/26/87 LA San Fers & Shakin' Cats 12/18/91 LA- San Fernando Valley w Barrio Elmwood Rifa 10/7/92 Burbank w Blythe Street Gang. 2/22/93 LA- Van Nuys w West Trece Gang 59th Street 7/1/93 Westminister w Orange Street Locos 7/21/94 Norwalk w West Side Longos 10/6/95 Long Beach w Pasadena Denver Lanes 10/25/95 Pasadena G North Side Redondo 13 4/30/96 Redondo Beach w Villa Boyz and Krazy Boyz 6/13/96 Pasadena G Headhunters 6/20/96 Fontana w Lennox 13 8/15/96 Lennox Chopper12 8/20/96 Commerce Crenshaw Mafia Gang 12/17/96 Inglewood w (Jefferson Pari<) 3/19/97 LA - Jefferson Park Brown Nation 3/27/97 Bellflower/Long Beach w West Coast Grips 5/5/97 Long Beach w 18th Street Gang (Pica-Union) 8/1/97 LA- Pica-Union G Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]

Mara Salvatrucha 3/1/98 LA- E Hollywood W, g

18th Street Gang (Westlake-Shatto Park) 5/1/98 LA - Shatto Park w Harpys 7/16/98 LA- West Adams G Barrio Tortilla Flats Gang 8/25/98 Compton Langdon Street Gang 3/26/99 LA- North Hills w 4/23/99 LA - Mar Vista w Venice Shoreline Grips 5/21/99 LA- Venice W, g Harbor City Grips 11/12/99 LA - Harbor City w 2/10/00 LA - Venice/Oakwood W, g

GANG ENHANCEMENTS

Anti-gang laws come in the form of "gang enhancements," which significantly increase the penalties imposed for an offense if it was "gang-related." Gang enhancement laws sometimes impose sentences which far exceed what the criminal law would have imposed for the same offense had it not been gang-related. For example, in California, youth can face a life sentence in adult prison for a residential if it is deemed to have been "gang-related." (Cal. Penal Code 186.22{b)).

Presumptions about gang affiliation also have severe consequences under the state's "Three-strikes" law intended for adults. Proposition 21 made any felony committed "on behalf of a gang" a strike (/d.). It also created new "juvenile strikes," or juvenile offenses which count as adult strikes, which can lead to 25-year to life sentences for some youth. These new "juvenile strikes" include offenses such as unarmed robbery (California Welfare &lnst. Code 707(b)(3), (25)). Youth labeled with "gang affiliation" may also get more severe treatment in terms of the actual time they are required to serve in prison. Proposition 21, for example, enacted a new category of "violent felonies" which require that youth who receive prison terms serve 85%, rather than the previously standard 50%, of their sentences. This category of offenses includes some gang­ related offenses (California Penal Code 186.22{b)).

Gang affiliation is also a basis for transferring a youth to an adult court in some jurisdictions. Under California's Proposition 21, by merely alleging that an offense is "gang-related," prosecutors may have the power to file charges against a youth as young as 14 years old directly in adult court, without the generally required "fitness" hearing before a judge (Cal. Penal Code 186.22(b); California Welf. & lnst. Code 707(d)(2)). "Gang-related" offenses are defined as those "committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members" (California Penal Code 186.22(b); California Welfare & lnst. Code 707{d)(2)).

Allegations of gang involvement can also be extremely prejudicial to the outcome of the youth's case, sometimes serving to validate judges' decisions to transfer a youth to adult court initially, to deny bond, or to discount the youth's testimony entirely (Sue Burrell, Gang Evidence: Issues for Criminal Defense, Santa Clara Law Review (Summer 1990)). Moreover, even allegations that a youth is a "gang member" which are ultimately unsubstantiated may nevertheless instill fear in some jurors and thereby impact the verdict and sentencing.

COURT CHAllENGES

1994, Oakland

In 1994, the ACLU was successful in preventing injunction sought by the City of Oakland. According to ACLU-NC staff attorney Ed Chen, who successfully litigated Oakland v. "B Street Boys," the perceived success of gang abatement injunctions, is not the pivotal issue. "Whether they work in reducing crime or not, they flagrantly violate the rights of groups Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected] targeted specifically because of their age, ethnicity and relationships. Illegal searches may also work, but our Constitution doesn't permit them, lest we were to allow the government to impose a complete police state."

People v. Acuna, 1995·1997

In 1995, the City of San Jose named 38 gang members- all young Latinos who congregated in the Rocksprings area-- as gang members and obtained a preliminary injunction, based on public nuisance law, that imposed up to six months in jail or a $1,000 fine for engaging in such legal activities as being seen in public with another "known gang member," talking to someone inside a car, climbing a tree, making loud noises, wearing certain clothing, or carrying marbles, screwdrivers, pens, pagers and sparkplugs.

Because the injunction came via a civil suit, those declared gang members were not allowed protections ensured in a criminal proceeding such as the right to an appointed attorney, a jury trial or criminal justice standards of proof.

The injunction was challenged, People vs. Acuna, and in the Appel ate Court of California, the ACLU won an appeal to overturn the injunction in 1995 siting that the injunction was "overbroad."

But in 1997, the State Supreme Court ruled in the city's favor: Gang members legally were prevented from "standing, sitting, walking, driving, gathering or appearing in public view with any other defendant" in the Rocksprings neighborhood. The Court decided that the First and Fifth Amendment rights of the city's gang members were secondary to the rights of neighborhood residents against intimidation by their presence. The majority opinion written by Justice Janice Rogers Brown stated, "Liberty unrestrained is an invitation to anarchy .. .The freedom to leave one's house and move about at will and to have a measure of personal security is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty." The dissenting opinion claimed that the rights of the gang members to gather and freely associate were violated and that the terms of the injunctions against "confronting," "annoying," "challenging" and "provoking," were terms too vaguely defined. The United States Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal by plaintiffs against such use of injunctions thus allowing the California court ruling to stand.

The ACLU cooperating attorney on the case, Amitai Schwartz, argued-- "The enthusiastic affirmation of anti-gang injunctions by the state's highest court adds momentum to the broad movement in our state and across the country that advocates criminalizing non-criminal conduct, if such conduct is engaged in by people out of favor-- justifiably or not--with the social mainstream." The ACLU argued that San Jose's anti-gang injunction was unconstitutionally vague and overbroad and targeted Latino youths without sufficient proof that they have committed any or harassed residents: "Simply because these men and women are suspected gang members, they are stripped of a variety of constitutional freedoms, the rights to associate, to assemble and the right to due process. This ruling effectively places law-making powers in the hands of judges instead of the Legislature."

Forty-eight cities in California submitted an amici brief in the case supporting the San Jose injunction.

persons,

commission common engage

Defines deadly

theft

trafficking,

motor

money A 186.22 The

street whenever Terrorist include any

street Makes either Allows legislation pattern

two, In term years

gang

its

felonious

Penal

three,

(or

of

Name,

gang

gang, also vehicle,

adult

weapon,

laundering,

lists

belonging

of

five

member

providing

for

a

in

vehicle

whether

identifying

Organizations

Gang

criminal

they or

such

possession

Code

added

or

Gang

or

with the

years.

of

and

have

Defines

four

criminal

juvenile

drive

one

move.

following

theft),

as

as

robbery,

knowledge

is

section

requires

finger

formal

if

Enhancements

years

engaged gang

For

to

defined

the

any

,

or

crime

sign

by

a

more

Gang

conduct

burglary,

court, violent

of

Failure

Clinton

shooting,

ongoing

Gang

prints

activity,

at

or

or

also

crimes

illegal

loaded/concealed

which gang

is

as

the

symbol,

informal,

of

lOS

that

in

committed

Members

when

provides

COORDINATING felonies,

and

a any

the

to

a

Crime

court's

by

mayhem,

members

drug

rape,

Criminal

organization,

enables

pattern

as

its

and

register

arson,

members

crimes

person

current

in

they

members

examples

and

ANGELES

having

who trafficking,

Bill

Court:

looting,

discretion.

serious

an

on

as

Youth

intimidation

of

are

whose

California

and

is

torture,

(listed

to

Offense:

willfully

who

additional

photograph-

Street

school

criminal

punishable

firearms.

released

as

of

register

the

engage

For

of

association,

Justice

that

penalties

actively

one

members

shooting

below),

criminal

LOCAL,

Patriot

extortion,

Terrorists

promotes,

minor

grounds

For

to

gang.

gang

of

of

with

term

from

apply

in,

Coalition,

serious.

its

victims

by

participates DEPARTMENT

felonies

having

whenthey

Actto

for

STATE

or

activity.

gang

primary

local

at

individually

of.10

16

or

during

prison,

carjacking,

have

federal

an

participation

furthers,

and

group

months;.2

felonies,

or

law

activity:

gang

inhabited

years. a

253

.an

AND

witnesses,

engaged

activities

common

Gangs

school

or

enforcement-

terrorist

in

are

additional

of

West

Within

members.

or

or

any

fEDERAl

three

Additional

illegal

assault

an

sentenced

or

assists

collectively

hours.

residence in

and

criminal

Martin

additional

in;

3

the

name

ten

a

or

grand

years.

criminal

firearms

·

a

term

with

more

days.·

·

in

lAWS

or

Luther

·

.in

·

Of

of··

or

a

·

·

AND

·theY

The

King

Early-80s the First

use initiated

County against nation. In any

spread

second stated

can The overturned injunction. Morales

purpose Court of

patterned People

Tactics For pagers and court

HOMElANDBDYSECURITY,

the

a

first

details

other

in

implement

challenged

Sari

LAW

US

California

Blvd.,

JG's

Used

stated

early

Pomona,

Challenges

his

east

continues

and

v.

term

Playboy

As

(attached).

injunction

by

Supreme

(1999)

violates

Diego

jurisdiction,

Acuna.

ENFORCEMENT

intent

after

fact

Gang

L.A.,

part

on

James

a

in

80s,

cited

and

that

as

1995

L.A.

how

sheeton

Supreme

gang

California.was

injuncUon.the

of

that

individuaiJreedoms~

L.A.

West

to

Cali,

Gangster the

is

gang Injunctions

ones

that

to

to

Court

his

Hahn,

initiate

now

appellate

gang

first

a

have

get

City's

injunctions

90037;

current

restricting

but

Covina

members

Chicago

freedom

in Gang

ruled

national

Court

injunctions

injunctions

then

the

more

a

use

Grips

Mayor,

TACTICS

citywide

court

·

323-235-4243;

practice

campaign

and

in

unconsUtutional

California Suppr~ssion

L.A.

throughout

ruled

injuncUon

of

injunctions

pagers

when

in

Chicago

can

attention

East

speech.

James

decision

1987.

City

were

work,

that

gang

In

keep

has

TO

it

the L.A.,

Attorney,

for

for

appeals

cities

v.

put

L.A.

Hahn

INTENSIFY

the

was see

their

case

than

any

a

in

[email protected]

but

into

·members

not STEP

should

discrimination defines Gang defining

live

We

believing

increased for discriminatory

enforcement;

for people gang

organizations, unjust

access transportation

training, addressing

they

Gang Long-term

1980-

THE

L.A. living.or

for

or

are

are

injunctions.

Act:

Injunctions,

Injunctions:

hang

for

their

WAR

be

named

essential

opposed

and

to:

and

etc.

committing

them

entire

who

held

surveillance,

our

(A) the

being

dress,

The

out. criminalizes

prosecuting

ON

(B)

costly;

results

from

based

church

are goal

in

to

accountable

Exempt

root

2005

communities

Y

GANGS

to

Racial,

Stop services

an

be

in

Probation

JC

Short-term,

affiliations

gang

gang gang

is

causes

contact

a

injunction

unconstitutional;

and

on

believes

when

to

programs

crime

violating

arrest,

all

race

members

cease

a

class

criminal

ineffective

injunctions injunctions

such

community-based

"gang"

of

for

with

government

together.

and/or

or

due

and

we

gang

that

and age and

and

can

all

their

people

as

where

and

family

activity.

instead

are

to

class;

use

job unless

people

still

code

Parole)

violence.

in

actions

so

public

fighting

of

they

(on

the the

gangs gangs

Angeles Angeles

the the

Los Los powers powers

office, office,

the the Attorney's Attorney's

perpetrated perpetrated

intervention intervention

and and County County

place place Demonstration Demonstration

and and Law Law

Established Established

1988: 1988:

Los Los

City City

Los Los

Angeles Angeles

coordinated coordinated

County County

Enforcement Enforcement

a a

......

in in

STEP STEP

Probation Probation

agreement agreement

multi-agency multi-agency

Angeles Angeles

Angeles Angeles

of of

" "

County County

order order

office, office,

Los Los

by by

program, program,

Police Police

of of

CLEAR CLEAR

Act-

to to

Angeles Angeles

criminal criminal

Project, Project,

L.A. L.A.

Sheriff's Sheriff's

City City

response response

County County

the the

"provide "provide

Department, Department,

and and

with with

Continued Continued

Department, Department,

•• ••

Los Los

Attorney's Attorney's

gang gang

within within

administered administered

Recovery Recovery

Community Community

that that

street street

under under

the the

District District

Angeles Angeles

Department, Department,

a a

to to

Los Los

put put

flexible flexible

the the

crime crime

a a

the the

into into

joint joint

and and

City City

by by

Youth Youth

members. members.

Y Y personal personal

(attached). (attached).

Department Department Created Created

Network Network

the the

1987, 1987,

For For

System System

In In

JC's JC's

1987, 1987,

Gang Gang

details details

Justice Justice

First First

fact fact

(GREAT}-to (GREAT}-to

the the

and and

in in

information information

Reporting, Reporting,

sheet sheet

on on

L.A. L.A.

Gang Gang

began began

Law Law

Coalition, Coalition,

the the

how how

on on

Los Los

Enforcement Enforcement

Database Database

gang gang

developing developing

Gang Gang

Evaluation, Evaluation,

about about

Angeles Angeles

collect, collect,

253 253

injunctions injunctions

Suppression Suppression

West West

suspected suspected

store, store,

County County

Communication Communication

a a

large large

and and

Martin Martin

work, work,

and and

Tracking Tracking

Sheriff's Sheriff's

gang gang

database­

Tactics Tactics

Luther Luther

analyze analyze

see see

the the

King King

Blvd., Blvd.,

·police ·police

·Newton," ·Newton,"

jails jails

.. ..

working working

A A

nicknames nicknames of of

database(s) database(s)

threatening threatening

Push Push

in in into into

TheY TheY

spreading spreading

unfairly unfairly Take Take inside inside

getting getting

the the

banging banging

leads leads notification notification

18 18 (State (State

and and r'r.nrrilrr<>fnrtn r'r.nrrilrr<>fnrtn

1 1

Gang Gang

c.+

0% 0%

War War

order order

all all

L.A., L.A.,

months, months,

practice practice

a a

games, games,

to to

of of

youth: youth:

immediate immediate

law law

people people

JC JC

police police

tactics tactics

spills spills

Department Department

on on

stir stir

Databases: Databases:

killed killed

gang gang

labeling labeling

Cali, Cali,

to to

to to

on on

wants wants

"77th "77th

enforcemenrto enforcemenrto

Gangs Gangs

false false

up up

get get

have have

or or

violence violence

and and

us us are

Because.so Because.so

way way

in in

out out

of of

spreading spreading

who who

net, net,

A A

90037; 90037;

behind behind

members members

to to

are are

conflict conflict

tattoos tattoos

other other

a a

Street Street

in in

developahdrecommend developahdrecommend

punishing punishing

End End

removed removed

having having

onto onto

information information

retaliate, retaliate, LA LA

someone someone

us us

gang gang

when when

steps steps

push push

the the

is is

getting getting

are are

of of

County County

build build

a a

imoacted imoacted

all all

preventioh preventioh

this. this.

AND AND

323-235-4243; 323-235-4243;

the the

street street

not not

that that

Eat Eat

and and

War War

Justice) Justice)

Push Push

enhancement; enhancement;

passing passing

law law

to to

false false

the the

practices practices

claimed claimed

much much

streets, streets,

people people

peace peace

convicted convicted

from from

people people

and and

stop stop

Their Their

SUPPORTTHE SUPPORTTHE

violence violence

are are

B. B.

a a

on on

BUIL.D•SIIv11LAR BUIL.D•SIIv11LAR

enforcement's enforcement's

right right

and and

with with

Jor;Jhe Jor;Jhe

composed composed

that that

gang gang

information information

Guarantee Guarantee

Youth. Youth.

separating separating

raCistor raCistor

counties counties

or or

the the

the the

conflict conflict

in in

;from,gang ;from,gang

Dead," Dead,"

projects~ projects~

the the

with with

by by

disrespectful disrespectful

to to

leads leads

killed, killed,

by by

local local

used used

and and

police police

member member

gangster gangster

database(s). database(s).

an an

law law

between between

appointment appointment

of of

State State

putting putting

[email protected] [email protected]

one one

To To

stirring stirring

too too

appeal appeal

a a

gang gang

happens-statewide, happens-statewide,

or or

people people

by by

put put

of of

and and

enforcement enforcement

and and

gang-related gang-related

protect protect

cars; cars;

that that

between between

a a

either either

another. another.

people people

many many

of of

people people

Southwest Southwest

guards guards

gang gang

ONGOING ONGOING

down down

comprehensive comprehensive

in in

violenc~; violenc~;

them them

the the

TRUCES TRUCES

tactics tactics

peace peace

database(s) database(s)

California California

rival rival

up up people people

process. process.

court court

language; language;

dropping dropping

to to

officers officers

on on

suppression suppression

people people

D. D.

and and

conflict conflict

of of

retaliate; retaliate;

ourcommuniti~s ourcommuniti~s

based based

working working

in in

gang gang

in in

neighborhoods neighborhoods

the the

efforts efforts

The The

of of

an an

or or

Rather Rather

enemy enemy

CYA, CYA,

support support

cannot cannot

to to

Division's Division's

crime crime

gangster gangster

As As

.LA .LA

IN IN

lying lying

GANG GANG

streets streets

to to

C. C.

members members

be be

in in

involved!must involved!must

violence violence

people people

on on

between between

aiming aiming

OTHER OTHER

without without

part part

end end

our our

to to

Ensure Ensure

County County

should should

state state

or or

the the

than than

similarcouncils similarcouncils

gangjvlolence gangjvlolence

gang gang

cells, cells,

about about

or or

be be

promote promote

effdrts effdrts

the the

using using

TRUCES TRUCES

otthis otthis

neighborhoods neighborhoods the the

orlwithin orlwithin

serious serious

a a

off off

cops, cops,

uliired uliired

added added

prisons prisons

guns guns

sweeping sweeping

that that

violent violent

positive positive

or or

receiving receiving

taking taking

be be

and and

neighborhoods neighborhoods

"WAR "WAR

Peace Peace

that that

their their

orinmates orinmates

(such (such

in in

police police

race race

to to

effort, effort,

coordinated; coordinated;

"enemy "enemy

happens happens

including­

gang gang

at at

races, races,

be be

people people

focus focus

offenders. offenders.

to to Guns"). Guns").

gang gang

the the

and and

felony felony

bets bets

IN IN

people people

on on

instead instead

as as

the the

Process Process

development development

fired. fired.

gang gang

prevention prevention

all all

official official

establish establish

should should

truces truces

prison prison

GANGS." GANGS."

"Shootin' "Shootin'

county county

on on

including including

activities activities

Cal Cal

on on

territory;" territory;"

that that

youth youth

are are

on on

within within

on on

These These

signs, signs,

the the

in in

F. F.

fights fights

of of

Gang Gang

gang gang

and and

E. E.

the the

and and

a a

and and

be be

5- a a The

passed that Although into second ballot

be

prison Strikes/Proposition probation), extended California earned of be law

law). 50

the

for

any

percent,

doubles

effect

triggers

California

California

initiative

sentence

serious

(rather

felony.

during

Three

strike,

the

sentences

voters

in

and

as

sentences the

March

first

than

felonies,

Strikes,

requires

prison state

in Furthermore,

under

limits

given

life

Three

passed

the

two

in

1994.

sentence

legislature

be

2004

jail

184 to

the

"good

"strikes"

(rather

which

the

that

for

20

served

it

or

previous

as election.

a

percent

crime

on

these

time"

the

went

than

can

a

must

in

Database technology

creating 1997 contracted

THAN Following into enabled to of Department also throughout

for

officers

the by Gal/Gang

CALIFORNIA. ON now

state. and

Youth

create

Justice

over

local

technology

THE

a

Canada.

fed

in

California

statewide

Known 250,000

use

Justice

in

6,000

gang all

GREAT,

police

OAT

Cai/Gang,

the

system

58

with

Creates

local

company-

in Cali

of

counties.

ABASE

lead

ten

databases

law

as

Justice

departments

Coalition,

outside

PEOPLE

an

to

SRA

Department

information

gang

Gang

other California's

is

enforcement

collect

of

information

Cai/Gang

accessed

which

also

L.A.

IN

file.

SRA­ Net,

of

states

MORE

253

that

data

ARE

the

sold

in

The

it

West

is

funds

felony over

eliminated President

most which

prisons; courts felonies) mentally proposal

where of

members young which form terrorist

this

by thousands blocked were when

Martin

three

defengClnJ~,C\PP~al!ng

allowed

five

ovef$3.billion.wa~Fcutfrom

expensive

murdered

for

they

the

would

in

as able

gangs

Luther

'violent'

activity'

an

a

federal

incapacitated

years;

or

which

local

13

Clinton's

in

death

measure

an

arrived

of

expansion

to

of

the

the

to

have

were

people,

existing

deport

two

governments

King

be

mandated

$1

by

federal in

on

felonies

state,

penalty

courts;

0

'violent'

permitted

tried

in

history:

vigilantes

already

30

the

Blvd.,

added

billion

their

non-citizens

including

statute

billion

leading

of

defendants);

basis

as

law

a

applies

(or

the

death

section

"home"

L.A.,

life

offences $10.8

for

adults;

by

labeled

to

even

to

evidence

prevenij(}n:ilro9rams,Jt\e~fina~

$

number

and

of

which

the

sentences

the

to

be

crime

hire

youth.

Cali,

secret

penalty

from

the

billion

the

government

applied

Congressional

which

'attempts'

construction

country.

and alleged

as

100,000

and

prohibited

a

90037;

mass

bill

of

ro~as~r~}:p~tt\'Vq~Qlirds

two

terrorists so

of

the

evidence.

Many

in

sept~(l(:es,.~:ln)tsfinal

federal

one allowed

was

for

racial

called

to to

federal

to

creation

deportation

Clinton

to

all

58

new

323-235-4243;

anyone

be

'serious'

of

the

death

commit

of

the

convicted

bias

(the

crimes

these

'engaged

under

'three

children

Black largest

police

new

matching

In

execution

a/so

of

bill to

California,

convicted

squads

drug

special

people

federal

strikes'

the

be

such

to

of

Caucus

also

officers

and

as

gang

used

in

law,

[email protected]

·-

of

Three should of

order defining to mandatory

because

the Cai/Gang: This they

including databases Crime databases based

based

income,

each

arrest,

use

constitutes

have

to

Strikes:

on

on

Bill:

have

case.

of

give

and

which

they

court,

mandatory

criminal

race,

already

prisons,

(see

above.)

minimums.

We

We

the

distributing

communities

can

We

we

immigration

detention

are

gang

TheY

discriminatory

ability

are

take

charges

done

are

are

and

opposed

opposed

minimums,

injunctions

JC

opposed

pushing

to

into

We

deportation

prison

justice.

determine

is

and

more

especially

believe

account

opposed

status

to

to

incarceration

time

sentencing

for

gang

to.

control

the

expansion

and

alternatives

and

that

of

in

the

crime

sentences

to

gang

when

people

the

judges

in

details

U.S.

bill

in

in

juveniles juveniles

committing committing

to to

(2) (2)

Violence Violence Proposition Proposition

by62%. by62%.

Prevention Prevention

Proposition Proposition felonies; felonies; In In 14 14

confidentiality confidentiality

with with

court court

of of

(7) (7)

effectively effectively

the the

(6) (6)

including including

offenses offenses

in in convicted convicted

now now

violent violent

crime crime the Increases Increases

; murder;

Eliminates Eliminates

intimidation intimidation

Increases Increases

home- authorizes authorizes

cases cases

March March

be be

16 16

years years

Allows Allows

Requires Requires

Increases Increases

juvenile juvenile

list list

local local

regularly regularly

tried tried

into into

and and

of of

felonies felonies

of of

invasion invasion

indeterminate indeterminate

recruiting recruiting

where where

death death

of of

and and

as as

2000, 2000,

in in

right right

offenses offenses

law law

state state

17 17

of of

gang gang

punishment punishment

prosecutors prosecutors

in in

eliminating eliminating

informal informal

wiretapping wiretapping

Act Act

murder murder

age age

adult adult

21 21

court. court.

and and

eligible eligible

a a

adult adult

youth youth

21: 21:

year year

Juvenile Juvenile

penalties penalties

enforcement. enforcement.

sentenced sentenced

protections protections

to to

felony. felony.

(the (the

also also

penalty penalty

prison. prison.

and and

California California

no no

robbery, robbery,

enhancements enhancements

or or

drive-by drive-by

seal seal

court court

(1) (1)

olds olds

(3) (3)

court, court,

for for

older older

considered considered

one one

gang gang

or or

so-called so-called

Probation Probation

for for

known known

included included

Requires Requires

Allows Allows

criminal criminal

a a

gang gang

juvenile juvenile

(9) (9)

Crime Crime

for for

life life

to to

(4) (4)

convicted convicted

without without

Three Three

for for

was was

for for

for for

serious serious

charged charged

including including

members members

carjacking, carjacking,

to to

shootings; shootings;

file file

voters voters

for for

Greatly Greatly

gang-related gang-related

sentences sentences

Reduces Reduces

gang-related gang-related

gang gang

serious serious

as as

activities; activities;

life life

hurt. hurt.

for for

charges charges

these these

juveniles juveniles

Juvenile Juvenile

Prevention Prevention

Strikes. Strikes.

for for

the the

records. records.

life. life.

serious serious

more more

permission permission

in in

for for

sex sex

the the

activities. activities.

passed passed

(8) (8)

in in

with with

any any

prison prison

increases increases

Gang Gang

juveniles juveniles

felonies, felonies,

juveniles. juveniles.

to to

Youth Youth

as as

adult adult

offense. offense.

lock-up lock-up

creates creates

juveniles juveniles

witness witness

for for

register register

and and

youth youth

against against

Crime Crime

or or

(1 (1

(5) (5)

Youth Youth

even even

0) 0)

Act) Act)

are are

of of

Justice Justice

departments departments Coordination Coordination

coordination coordination

federal federal

departments departments

enforcement; enforcement;

sheriffs' sheriffs'

Security, Security,

crime crime

description description

and and

Department Department

felonies. felonies. to to

U.S. U.S.

against against

was was Marshal, Marshal,

war war recently recently

RICO RICO

U.S. U.S.

target target

on on

Firearms Firearms

expanded expanded

Military, Military,

Marshals.) Marshals.)

Coalition, Coalition,

during during

Act Act

drugs drugs

prosecution prosecution

street street

departments; departments;

used used

fugitives fugitives

IRS, IRS,

(Operation (Operation

including including

intended intended

is is

was was

the the

of of

of of

and and

when when

the the

attached attached

(ATF), (ATF),

in in

under under

gangs gangs

ICE ICE

of of

in in

253 253

Alcohol, Alcohol,

Homeland Homeland

Operation Operation

1930s; 1930s;

law law

first first

federal federal

use; use;

CIA. CIA.

charged charged

(Immigration), (Immigration),

for for

local local

West West

the the

of of

the the

FBI, FBI,

in in

Falcon Falcon

enforcement enforcement

used used

local local

organized organized

and and

the the

from from

This This

the the

federal federal

first first

Tobacco Tobacco

police police

Martin Martin

U.S. U.S.

Mafia Mafia

with with

most most

Falcon Falcon

1980s 1980s

in in

code code

the the

used used

the the

and and

Luther Luther

to to

2001 2001

Passed Passed

organizations organizations

tapping, tapping,

after after terrorism" terrorism"

terrorism terrorism

of of

prosecution. prosecution.

people people

Because Because

Allows Allows

even even

probable probable

members members

well well

gangs gangs

speech, speech, representation

Threatens Threatens

purposes." purposes."

King King

the the

Cali's Cali's

as as

9/11, 9/11,

years. years.

Patriot Patriot

Blvd., Blvd.,

Patriot Patriot

FBI FBI

as as

blocking blocking

on on

overwhelmingly overwhelmingly

free free

harassment harassment

cause cause

legal legal

laws laws

A-freedom A-freedom

of of

which which

"terrorist "terrorist

the the

as as

Constitutional Constitutional

to to

gang gang

Allows Allows

L.A., L.A.,

the the

assembly, assembly,

Act Act

investigate investigate

"domestic "domestic

to to

Act Act

Patriot Patriot

to to

or or

definition definition

exist exist

their their

surveillance, surveillance,

subjects subjects

STEP STEP

include include

files files

judicial judicial

Cali, Cali,

are are

for for

organizations." organizations."

and and

when when

re-entry re-entry

Act Act

jailing jailing

in in

applicable applicable

90037; 90037;

Act, Act,

freedom freedom

by by

"domestic "domestic

California California

rights rights

review review

people people

criminal criminal

expanded expanded

terrorists" terrorists"

individuals individuals

of of

Congress Congress

it it

all all

of of

gang gang

is is

wire wire

to to

323-235-4243; 323-235-4243;

aspects aspects

non-citizens non-citizens

of of

for for

for for

the the

even even

of of

1st 1st

to to

"intelligence "intelligence

religion, religion,

months months

due due

U.S. U.S.

and and

A-

and and

just just

when when

free free

without without

and and

free free

as as

no no

[email protected] [email protected]

The The

life life We We

Proposition Proposition

transfer transfer

authorizes authorizes

groups groups

enforcement enforcement

prisons. prisons.

no no

income, income,

characteristics. characteristics. We We

Homeland Homeland corporate corporate

believe believe

to to detain detain

press. press. economically economically

lawyer; lawyer;

toward toward

Patriot Patriot

limit limit

one one

sentences sentences

are are

are are

Y Y

JC JC

people people

freedom freedom

We We

of of

the the

is is

it it Act: Act:

opposed opposed

to to

opposed opposed

of of

immigration immigration

opposes opposes

is is

hurt; hurt;

people people

greed greed

deport deport

youth youth

increased increased

U.S., U.S.,

believe believe

Security: Security:

Unconstitutional Unconstitutional

21 21

tactics tactics

oppressed oppressed

without' without'

for for

mand~tory mand~tory

tctibs'.otten tctibs'.otten

~ihth~~Jtg~,"t" ~ihth~~Jtg~,"t"

: :

of of

has has

as as

and and

to to

to to

people people

based based

youth youth

Proposition Proposition

sp~ech, sp~ech,

that that

any any

the the

young young

that that

status status

given given

that that

trials trials

charges charges

Patriot Patriot

U.S. U.S.

even even

laws laws

on on

unfairly unfairly

without without

people people

occupied occupied

warfare warfare

minimums; minimums;

lead lead

for for

as as

rise rise

religion religion

race, race,

or or

and and

aggression aggression

and and

in in

are are

16 16

other other

youth youth

21 21

or or

Act Act

to to

to to

cases cases

have have

target target

a a

into into

inhumane inhumane

too too

access access

law law

because because

anger anger

civilian civilian

to to

hearing; hearing;

because because

or or

and and

as as

strike strike

powerful powerful

adult adult

the the

and and

little little

where where

adults; adults;

and and

to to

the the

it it

or or

a a

to to we we how

of

enforcement Falcon

2005 demonstrated integration Security's levels (See

paper, Operation

attached.)

Falcon

Homeland

the

above

Operation

will

briefing

Office

work.

law

on

and

Youth

all

convicted

death

the punishmentfor enacted,

gangs, S enforcement and youth, Re-introduced In This next

year

(increase reforms

1999

Justice

155

a

U.S.

unusual 5-to-4

five

bill

i[l

"Juvenile

sentences

by

and

Senate

including

Coalition,

included

needed

was

years

S155

Senator

sentences)

of

decision,

more

committing

punishment,

efforts

one

January

to will

Committee.

Justice"

16-

to

witness

funding

of

the

support

of

253

and

Hatch

basically

effectively

and

72

against

onlv

the

creation

for

West

17-vear-old

people

2005

bill

17-year-olds

crimes

Supreme

(R-Utah)

existing

for

seven

protection,

and

Federal,

which

First

gangs.

Martin

take

federal

with

prosecute of

are

on

under

nations

new

introduced

Prop

gang

Death

passed

the

and

Court

therefore

aanct·members

State

Luther

prosecutors

intervention

violate

criminal

addition

age

Senator

21

and

in

Rows strikes

gang

and

in

national,

the

King

18,

violent

the unconstitutional.

the

in

local

gang

world

members,

stating

of

throughout

1996,

Feinstein

Blvd.,

down

Senate

Eighth

and

funds

and

"who

law

crime

authorizing

prosecution

that

FBI

much

prevention

the that

L.A.,

enforcement

for

Amendment

but

commit

sentenced

penalties,

and

(D-California),

agents

death

laws

the

prevention

Cali,

of

stalled

The

proposed

nation.

the

$762.5

authorizing

penalty

offenses,

ser,i_o~;~s~aQtSJ)f

90037;

programs involved

action bill

in

propose

juveniles

efforts

standards

incorporated

House

and

Until

million

federal

for

was

323-235-4243;

reverses

in

"enhance"

intervention.

for

against capital those

this

coordinated

violent

Committee.

raised

to

over

at-risk

for

decision,

death.

who

the

cruel

into

the

violent

last

crime

[email protected]

If

We

racist inhumane, incarceration,

can property Operation harassing currently

few communities

enforcement Policing communities,

communities.

Law

would,benefit~poor instability,

In

most

oppose

instances

teach

and

and

cases,

in

and

the

is

classist

people

and

poverty

the

it

Falcon:

more

the

is

mass

efforts

serving and

contributing

and

where

We

U.S.

containing

more

the

death

focused

communities

not

in

we

and can

the

coordination

lockdown

and

historically

leads

its

expensive

such

the

to

penalty

do

search

think

violence

working

application,

kill

wealthy,

not

poor

on

to

to

coordination

by

of

Marshal

greater

believe

of protecting

because

for

killing

only

and

of

than

of

class

in

a

color.

while

our

law

a

it

people.

that

life-time

is

it

is

you

As As

for for

coordination coordination

outlining outlining

enforcement enforcement

May May

"Operation "Operation

Joint Joint

and and

Patriot Patriot

strategy strategy couple couple

the the

Suppression Suppression

be be

implemented implemented

including including the the

Sheriffs Sheriffs

of of CIA, CIA, areas, areas,

connected connected

publicly publicly rumored rumored cited cited

members. members.

coordination coordination

County. County.

Nutcracker Nutcracker

Marshall Marshall

or or

Operation Operation

1279. 1279.

Homeland Homeland

local local

the the responsible responsible

"extracting "extracting

paper paper

(L.A.) (L.A.)

Firearms Firearms

2005-

U.S. U.S.

Task Task

as as

and and

rumor rumor

1279 1279

of of

Act's Act's

legislative legislative

suggested suggested

the the

for for

Department, Department,

"Operation "Operation

This This

to to

Law Law

that that

years years

office office

Marshall's Marshall's

went went

Nutcracker Nutcracker

Operation Operation

Force Force

to to

the the

rumor, rumor,

be be

the the

implementation implementation

Nutcracker" Nutcracker"

In In

was was

of of

could could

briefing briefing

Youth Youth

Security Security

was was

as as

the the

Coordination Coordination

type type

with with

local local

(ATF}; (ATF};

domestic domestic

a a

military military

L.A. L.A.

for for

the the

much much

Patriot Patriot

of of

as as

a a

model model

not not

to to

Patriot Patriot

circulating, circulating,

law law

Homeland Homeland

approval. approval.

containing containing

military military

which which

of of

a a

work. work.

FBI; FBI;

by by

law law

combat combat

Justice Justice

it it

Nutcracker" Nutcracker"

Office; Office;

possible possible

Homeland Homeland

connected connected

paper paper

coordination coordination

Falcon Falcon

farther farther

and and

was was

was was

without without

both both

enforcement enforcement

would would

Act Act

enforcement enforcement

for for

Alcohol, Alcohol,

terrorists," terrorists,"

Act Act

would would

In In

would would

LAPD LAPD

involvement, involvement,

how how

locally. locally.

being being

Rumored Rumored

Chief Chief

was was

Coalition, Coalition,

gangs gangs

U.S. U.S.

strategy strategy

the the

and and

Tactics Tactics

was was

in in

be be

Security Security

designated designated

a a

implementation implementation

Congressional Congressional

proposing proposing

the the

law law

be be

Security, Security,

community, community,

to to

leaked, leaked,

responsible responsible

Tobacco Tobacco --

through through

incorrectly incorrectly

Department Department

Military, Military,

Implement Implement

Bratton Bratton

also also

has has

the the

in in

a a

e.g. e.g.

However, However,

planned planned

strategy strategy

would would

planned planned

for for

Toward Toward

L.A. L.A.

that that

253 253

for for

been been

gang gang

HR HR

a a

and and

a a

West West

the the

Gang Gang

Martin Martin

Luther Luther

through through

felonies felonies

death death

sentences sentences courts. courts.

of of Proposed Proposed

year year

supported supported

S155 S155 other other penalties penalties

would would

Goodlatte, Goodlatte, sexual sexual at at

avoid avoid (4) (4)

also also limitations limitations

May May

gang gang

immigrant, immigrant,

deported deported

criminal criminal

assault assault build build

and and

approved approved

law law

who who

HR HR

If If

enacted, enacted,

gang gang

least least

Authorize Authorize

over over

1279 1279

drug drug

approved approved

commit commit

the the

11, 11,

a a

members members

gang gang

much much

prosecution prosecution

King King

or or

result result

abuse abuse

case case

resulting resulting

30 30

(3) (3)

crimes crimes

Congress Congress

committed committed

street street

2005, 2005,

number number

life life

one one

for for

for for

trafficking trafficking

also also

266-159, 266-159,

last last

by by

for for

and and

years years

a a

estimates estimates

Blvd., Blvd.,

and and

crime crime

Further Further

further. further.

imprisonment imprisonment

two two

against against

in in

a a

undocumented undocumented

Republican Republican

decade decade

the the

Bush, Bush,

or or

all all

year year

builds builds

criminal criminal

gangs gangs

an an

but but

a a

weaken weaken

punishable punishable

15 15

in in

maiming, maiming,

or or

violent violent

minimum minimum

in in

of of

in in

prosecution prosecution

-

L.A., L.A.,

amendment amendment

federal federal

only only

in in

failed failed

years years

establish establish

serious serious

in in

defined defined

to to

gang gang more more

prison prison

would would

sentences sentences

and and

The The

other other

the the

on on

will will

are are

as as

Congress, Congress,

further further

Cali, Cali,

if if

offense. offense.

judicial judicial

crimes crimes

Cali's Cali's

as as

groups groups

future, future, to to

from from

they they

if if

bill bill

exceed exceed

cases cases

gang gang

that that

court court

add add

for for

gang gang

and and

for for

the the

prison prison

by by

pass pass

bodily bodily

a a

as as

90037; 90037;

passed passed

immigrants. immigrants.

minimum minimum

the the

law law

of of

kidnapping, kidnapping,

cooperat~ cooperat~

any any new new

death. death.

Virginia, Virginia,

definition definition

violator violator

to to

violent violent

five five

at at

when when

crimes, crimes,

discretion discretion

from from

as as

the the

prosecuted prosecuted

(6) (6)

of of

16-

the the

HR HR

activities activities

the the

9 9

least least

will: will:

term term

injury. injury.

crime crime

adults. adults.

three three

prisoni.C( prisoni.C(

years years

billiod~iP~f~nd~nts(can billiod~iP~f~nd~nts(can

323-235-4243; 323-235-4243;

bill bill

and and

the the

Senate. Senate.

1279 1279

bill bill

the the

(2) (2)

crimes crimes

(1} (1}

of of

mandatory mandatory

20 20

that that

will will

· ·

House House

by by

resulting resulting

Increase Increase

17-year-old 17-year-old

to to

Convictions Convictions

at at

The The

including including

(5) (5)

aggravated aggravated

years years Expand Expand

of of

took took

definitely definitely

would would

Rep. Rep.

in in

least least

a a

If If

The The

and and

federal federal

street street

it it

279-144 279-144

the the

for for

makes makes

Bob Bob

10 10

other other

in in

House House

by by

stiffen stiffen

the the

[email protected] [email protected]

intent intent

imposing imposing

an an

death, death,

be be

years. years.

alleged alleged

200 200

gang gang

for for

range range

on on

a a

of of

-

The The

Operation Operation

tactics tactics

every every

exaggerated. exaggerated.

it it

Law. Law. criminals; criminals;

years years

stigmatized stigmatized

immediate immediate

paper, paper,

Bratton Bratton Homeland Homeland

We We

authenticity authenticity

police police

HR HR California's California's

renamed renamed

Security. Security.

was was

1279: 1279:

opposed opposed

Y Y

JC JC

We We

ago. ago.

aspect aspect

laid laid

tactics tactics

promised promised

and and

when when

worked worked

the the

also also

it it

out out

Security Security

threat threat

Nutcracker: Nutcracker:

determined determined

gang gang

It It

expanded expanded

of of

all all

Department Department

of of

1279 1279

national; national;

is is

the the

was was

However, However,

this this

know know

urban urban

for for

this this

by by

hard hard

was was

definition, definition,

office office

rumor rumor

very very

on on

that that

and and

the the

strategy strategy

that that

youth youth

greatly greatly

all all

to to

the the

it it

that that

reason reason

first first

L.A. L.A.

similar similar

LA LA

further further

we we

determine determine

levels. levels.

Nutcracker Nutcracker

and and

Homeboy Homeboy

use use

of of

Police Police

the the

laws laws

opened opened

oppose oppose

Office Office

as as

briefing briefing

color color

of of

to to

that that

Marshal Marshal

It It

the the

and and

the the

took took

Chief Chief

of of

we we

the the

as as

two two as as YouthJustice Coalition, 253 WestMartin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243;[email protected]

HR970

The "GangPrevention And EffectiveDeterrence Act" This bill was nearlyidentical to introducedon March9, 2005 by DennisA. Cardoza(D) S 155. We opposedit for the samereasons. from Merced,Adam Schiff (D) from Pasadenaand Evenas Prop 21 has been provento be MaryBono (R) from PalmSprings - was nearly unfairto youthand familiesand a disasterto identicalto the Feinstein-Hatchbill. It authorized the state, still California'sfederal approximately$650 millionover the next five yearsto representativesare spreadingbad policies supportfederal, state and local law enforcement

againstgangs, including witness protection Mnrl ~...v·· risk" youthprevention programs. The bill increasedfunding for federalprosecutors agentsto increasecoordinated enforcement'efforts' : ! againstgangs. In addition,H.R. 970

criminalgang prosecution offenses, enhapgeq:~~!sfj6gl

gangand violentcrime penalties, propos~f:I~Mijg~~;·~2. moreeasily prosecute gang members, artpproppsecl'Cii limitedreform of the juvenilejustice systemitotfabilitatei federalprosecution of 16 and 17 year memberswho "commitserious acts of vidlencet/

Whileit didn't makeit throughCongress, likely to be reintroducedagain. ".'\