Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]
GANG INJUNCTIONS AND GANG DATA BASES
CALIFORNIA UW GANG DEFINITIONS
The following definitions were established by California's 1988 STEP (Street Terrorism adopted by the California State Anti Gang Coordinating Committee. These definitions steer law enforcement policy throughout California and increasingly throughout the U.S.
Definition of "criminal street gang:"
A criminal street gang is defined as any organization, association or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, which (1) has continuity of purpose, (2) seeks a group identity, and (3) has members who individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal activity. Reference section 186.22m of the California Penal Code.
Definition of "gang-related" crime:
A crime is considered to be "gang-related" if the suspect or the victim of the incident is a known member of a gang, or there is reliable information indicating that a gang member committed the offense.
Definition of "gang member"
A gang member is defined as anyone who (1) actively participates in any gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity; and who (2) willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in any felonious criminal conduct by members of the gang. Reference Section 186.22(a) of the California Penal Code.
Identification Criteria Date: S// S /61; An individual is "identified as a gang member" based on the following criteria: Submitted in ~/J /1tJL 6.P.JV6..$ Committee Council File No: 0 - 09Cf1 1. Ad m1ts· gang mem bers h'1p or assoc1at1on.· · ~ 2. Is observed to associate on a regular basis with known gang members. Item No.: __.:../ ______3. Has tattoos indicating gang membership. 0 . Adam R L"ld 4. Wears gang clothing, symbols, etc., to identify with a specific gang. eputy·----~~!lr4LILJI...JIL....l\.a.• ...~~-.~"""" 5. Is in a photograph with known gang members and/or using gang-related hand signs. 6. Name is on a gang document, hit list, or gang-related graffiti. 7. Is identified as a gang member by a reliable source. 8. Arrested in the company of identified gang members or associates. 9. Corresponds with known gang members or writes and/or receives correspondence about gang activities. 10. Writes about gangs (graffiti) on walls, books, paper, etc.
You only have to meet three criteria to be identified as a "gang member." Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]
Cal Gang Mission and Scope of Work as Defined bv the California Department of Justice (2001)
What Is CALIGANG?
State Department of Justice (DOJ) Definition of the CALIGANG Database:
A cooperative automation project between California Department of Justice (DOJ)/Bureau of Investigation, Division of Criminal Justice Information Services, Hawkins Data Center, local law enforcement agencies and ORION Scientific Systems, to electronically share information on criminal street gangs and gang members via a statewide automated Intranet.
California State DOJ Argument for Why CALIGANG Is Needed:
Increased mobility of gangs throughout the state, enhanced ability of gangs to finance their activities through criminal enterprise, and increased sophistication of gangs in the use of technology has created an environment that requires a more cooperative and consolidated effort by law enforcement agencies to combat gang violence and crime.
By using new lnternetllntranet technologies, all existing gang information is available to law enforcement officers at a central location at California, Department of Justice. This database contains critical information on gangs, gang members, firearms, criminal activities and histories, vehicles, and more than 150 other fields of information. Additional law enforcement agencies are able to participate in CALIGANG with only a computer and a modem can have access to and participate in a centralized method of sharing gang information.
CALIGANG takes advantage of Internet technology. The system is comprised of a central server at DOJ and seven regional nodes (additional nodes are in the planning stages) deployed strategically throughout the state. The database was built using Microsoft SQL Server and Netscape Enterprise Server as the web server for each location. Each regional node maintains a complete version of the application. The regional node is responsible for maintaining their local agency end user data. The data is replicated to the DOJ central server, creating a central repository of statewide gang information.
Gang Injunctions
A gang injunction in LosAhgeles is when the City Attorney's Office with approval from a judge issues a restraining order againsf,specific gcmg members of a particular gang. With information gathered from police officers and the public, the judge will grant a restraining \Order against identified members of a gang, in essence suing them. ' In the lawsuit, the actual gang members are mentioned, and they are forbidden to engage in a number of activities, some of which are already illegal such as selling drugs, vandalizing property and possessing weapons. Other activities that they are restricted from doing have included congregating in groups, being out after a particular time (curfew), being in possession of a pager or a cellular telephone, or riding bicycles.
Each gang injunction must define a geographic area where these activities are restricted.
There are three different types on injunctions:
• A Temporary Restraining Order is usually issued very quickly by the court-- within 24-48 hours. Often police and a City or District Attorney will move first for a Temporary Order because of the speed in which it is issued. (In the case of the current 18th Street Injunction, LA City never moved for a temporary order. Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]
• A Preliminary Injunction is a filed request where defendants must file papers in opposition. At a hearing, a judge grants or denies permission for the injunction. If a Preliminary Injunction is granted, then the injunction's conditions until final judgement is made either in a trial before a judge, a jury trial or the two sides agree to settle. Usually the civil lawsuit ends in a jury trial to determine final judgement.
• If the Preliminary Injunction is deemed in court to be legitimate, at that time it becomes a Permanent Injunction.
HISTORY AND CURRENT GANG INJUNCTIONS
Los Angeles first started experimenting with gang injunctions in the early 1980s in Pomona, West Covina, and East Los Angeles, but the injunction against the Play Boy Gangster Grips in 1987 is when these civil abatement strategies first gained national attention. The popularity of the LA County injunctions have led San Diego and San Jose, California, San Antonio, Texas, and Chicago, Illinois to adopt similar strategies.
There are currently more than 20 injunctions now in effect in LA City and many more in L.A. County. Injunctions have more often been placed in areas surrounded by middle class communities or in areas facing intense gentrification where political pressure is brought to bear (such as in the four "permanent" gang injunctions against San Fernando Valley street gangs, - Canoga Park, Alabama, Pacoima Project Boys, Langdon Street and Blythe Street- and the injunctions in Venice and Long Beach. Since the use of injunctions began in L.A. County in the mid-eighties, the injunctions listed below have also been issued. (Please note, we need better intelligence on this -law enforcement hasn't been too anxious to share with us, so we need to figure out how to get a more updated and accurate list.)
When you look at the list below, it's interesting to see injunctions aren't on the largest gangs or most notorious neighborhoods. We have marked the injunctions that are in areas surrounded by predominantly white communities (W) or areas that are facing extreme gentrification (g) since we think these are key factors in determining who gets injunctions as an intentional tool of both containment and displacement.
CODE INJUNCTION DATE CITY
Dogtown (Eastside) 1982 LA 62nd St East Coast Grips 1982 LA Primera Flats 1982 LA Playboy Gangster Grips 10/26/87 LA San Fers & Shakin' Cats 12/18/91 LA- San Fernando Valley w Barrio Elmwood Rifa 10/7/92 Burbank w Blythe Street Gang. 2/22/93 LA- Van Nuys w West Trece Gang 59th Street 7/1/93 Westminister w Orange Street Locos 7/21/94 Norwalk w West Side Longos 10/6/95 Long Beach w Pasadena Denver Lanes 10/25/95 Pasadena G North Side Redondo 13 4/30/96 Redondo Beach w Villa Boyz and Krazy Boyz 6/13/96 Pasadena G Headhunters 6/20/96 Fontana w Lennox 13 8/15/96 Lennox Chopper12 8/20/96 Commerce Crenshaw Mafia Gang 12/17/96 Inglewood w 18th Street Gang (Jefferson Pari<) 3/19/97 LA - Jefferson Park Brown Nation 3/27/97 Bellflower/Long Beach w West Coast Grips 5/5/97 Long Beach w 18th Street Gang (Pica-Union) 8/1/97 LA- Pica-Union G Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected]
Mara Salvatrucha 3/1/98 LA- E Hollywood W, g
18th Street Gang (Westlake-Shatto Park) 5/1/98 LA - Shatto Park w Harpys 7/16/98 LA- West Adams G Barrio Tortilla Flats Gang 8/25/98 Compton Langdon Street Gang 3/26/99 LA- North Hills w Culver City Boys 4/23/99 LA - Mar Vista w Venice Shoreline Grips 5/21/99 LA- Venice W, g Harbor City Grips 11/12/99 LA - Harbor City w Venice 13 2/10/00 LA - Venice/Oakwood W, g
GANG ENHANCEMENTS
Anti-gang laws come in the form of "gang enhancements," which significantly increase the penalties imposed for an offense if it was "gang-related." Gang enhancement laws sometimes impose sentences which far exceed what the criminal law would have imposed for the same offense had it not been gang-related. For example, in California, youth can face a life sentence in adult prison for a residential robbery if it is deemed to have been "gang-related." (Cal. Penal Code 186.22{b)).
Presumptions about gang affiliation also have severe consequences under the state's "Three-strikes" law intended for adults. Proposition 21 made any felony committed "on behalf of a gang" a strike (/d.). It also created new "juvenile strikes," or juvenile offenses which count as adult strikes, which can lead to 25-year to life sentences for some youth. These new "juvenile strikes" include offenses such as unarmed robbery (California Welfare &lnst. Code 707(b)(3), (25)). Youth labeled with "gang affiliation" may also get more severe treatment in terms of the actual time they are required to serve in prison. Proposition 21, for example, enacted a new category of "violent felonies" which require that youth who receive prison terms serve 85%, rather than the previously standard 50%, of their sentences. This category of offenses includes some gang related offenses (California Penal Code 186.22{b)).
Gang affiliation is also a basis for transferring a youth to an adult court in some jurisdictions. Under California's Proposition 21, by merely alleging that an offense is "gang-related," prosecutors may have the power to file charges against a youth as young as 14 years old directly in adult court, without the generally required "fitness" hearing before a judge (Cal. Penal Code 186.22(b); California Welf. & lnst. Code 707(d)(2)). "Gang-related" offenses are defined as those "committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members" (California Penal Code 186.22(b); California Welfare & lnst. Code 707{d)(2)).
Allegations of gang involvement can also be extremely prejudicial to the outcome of the youth's case, sometimes serving to validate judges' decisions to transfer a youth to adult court initially, to deny bond, or to discount the youth's testimony entirely (Sue Burrell, Gang Evidence: Issues for Criminal Defense, Santa Clara Law Review (Summer 1990)). Moreover, even allegations that a youth is a "gang member" which are ultimately unsubstantiated may nevertheless instill fear in some jurors and thereby impact the verdict and sentencing.
COURT CHAllENGES
1994, Oakland
In 1994, the ACLU was successful in preventing injunction sought by the City of Oakland. According to ACLU-NC staff attorney Ed Chen, who successfully litigated Oakland v. "B Street Boys," the perceived success of gang abatement injunctions, is not the pivotal issue. "Whether they work in reducing crime or not, they flagrantly violate the rights of groups Youth Justice Coalition, 253 West Martin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243; [email protected] targeted specifically because of their age, ethnicity and relationships. Illegal searches may also work, but our Constitution doesn't permit them, lest we were to allow the government to impose a complete police state."
People v. Acuna, 1995·1997
In 1995, the City of San Jose named 38 gang members- all young Latinos who congregated in the Rocksprings area-- as gang members and obtained a preliminary injunction, based on public nuisance law, that imposed up to six months in jail or a $1,000 fine for engaging in such legal activities as being seen in public with another "known gang member," talking to someone inside a car, climbing a tree, making loud noises, wearing certain clothing, or carrying marbles, screwdrivers, pens, pagers and sparkplugs.
Because the injunction came via a civil suit, those declared gang members were not allowed protections ensured in a criminal proceeding such as the right to an appointed attorney, a jury trial or criminal justice standards of proof.
The injunction was challenged, People vs. Acuna, and in the Appel ate Court of California, the ACLU won an appeal to overturn the injunction in 1995 siting that the injunction was "overbroad."
But in 1997, the State Supreme Court ruled in the city's favor: Gang members legally were prevented from "standing, sitting, walking, driving, gathering or appearing in public view with any other defendant" in the Rocksprings neighborhood. The Court decided that the First and Fifth Amendment rights of the city's gang members were secondary to the rights of neighborhood residents against intimidation by their presence. The majority opinion written by Justice Janice Rogers Brown stated, "Liberty unrestrained is an invitation to anarchy .. .The freedom to leave one's house and move about at will and to have a measure of personal security is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty." The dissenting opinion claimed that the rights of the gang members to gather and freely associate were violated and that the terms of the injunctions against "confronting," "annoying," "challenging" and "provoking," were terms too vaguely defined. The United States Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal by plaintiffs against such use of injunctions thus allowing the California court ruling to stand.
The ACLU cooperating attorney on the case, Amitai Schwartz, argued-- "The enthusiastic affirmation of anti-gang injunctions by the state's highest court adds momentum to the broad movement in our state and across the country that advocates criminalizing non-criminal conduct, if such conduct is engaged in by people out of favor-- justifiably or not--with the social mainstream." The ACLU argued that San Jose's anti-gang injunction was unconstitutionally vague and overbroad and targeted Latino youths without sufficient proof that they have committed any crimes or harassed residents: "Simply because these men and women are suspected gang members, they are stripped of a variety of constitutional freedoms, the rights to associate, to assemble and the right to due process. This ruling effectively places law-making powers in the hands of judges instead of the Legislature."
Forty-eight cities in California submitted an amici brief in the case supporting the San Jose injunction.
persons,
commission common engage
Defines deadly
theft
trafficking,
motor
money A 186.22 The
street whenever Terrorist include any
street Makes either Allows legislation pattern
two, In term years
gang
its
felonious
Penal
three,
(or
of
Name,
gang
gang, also vehicle,
adult
weapon,
laundering,
lists
belonging
of
five
member
providing
for
a
in
vehicle
whether
identifying
Organizations
Gang
criminal
they or
such
possession
Code
added
or
Gang
or
with the
years.
of
and
have
Defines
four
criminal
juvenile
drive
one
move.
following
theft),
as
as
robbery,
knowledge
is
section
requires
finger
formal
if
Enhancements
years
engaged gang
For
to
defined
the
any
or
crime
sign
by
a
more
Gang
conduct
burglary,
court, violent
of
Failure
Clinton
shooting,
ongoing
Gang
prints
activity,
at
or
or
also
crimes
illegal
loaded/concealed
which gang
is
as
the
symbol,
informal,
of
lOS
that
in
committed
Members
when
provides
COORDINATING felonies,
and
a any
the
to
a
Crime
court's
by
mayhem,
members
drug
rape,
Criminal
organization,
enables
pattern
as
its
and
register
arson,
members
crimes
person
current
in
they
members
examples
and
ANGELES
having
who trafficking,
Bill
Court:
looting,
discretion.
serious
an
on
as
Youth
intimidation
of
are
whose
California
and
is
torture,
(listed
to
Offense:
willfully
who
additional
photograph-
Street
school
criminal
punishable
firearms.
released
as
of
register
the
engage
For
of
association,
Justice
that
penalties
actively
one
members
shooting
below),
criminal
LOCAL,
Patriot
extortion,
Terrorists
promotes,
minor
grounds
For
to
gang.
gang
of
of
with
term
from
apply
in,
Coalition,
serious.
its
victims
by
participates DEPARTMENT
felonies
having
whenthey
Actto
for
STATE
or
activity.
gang
primary
local
at
individually
of.10
16
or
during
prison,
carjacking,
have
federal
an
participation
furthers,
and
group
months;.2
felonies,
or
law
activity:
gang
inhabited
years. a
253
.an
AND
witnesses,
engaged
activities
common
Gangs
school
or
enforcement-
terrorist
in
are
additional
of
West
Within
members.
or
or
any
fEDERAl
three
Additional
illegal
assault
an
sentenced
or
assists
collectively
hours.
residence in
and
criminal
Martin
additional
in;
3
the
name
ten
a
or
grand
years.
criminal
firearms
·
a
term
with
more
days.·
·
in
lAWS
or
Luther
·
.in
·
Of
of··
or
a
·
·
AND
·theY
The
King
Early-80s the First
use initiated
County against nation. In any
spread
second stated
can The overturned injunction. Morales
purpose Court of
patterned People
Tactics For pagers and court
HOMElANDBDYSECURITY,
the
a
first
details
other
in
implement
challenged
Sari
LAW
US
California
Blvd.,
JG's
Used
stated
early
Pomona,
Challenges
his
east
continues
and
v.
term
Playboy
As
(attached).
injunction
by
Supreme
(1999)
violates
Diego
jurisdiction,
Acuna.
ENFORCEMENT
intent
after
fact
Gang
L.A.,
part
on
James
a
in
80s,
cited
and
that
as
1995
L.A.
how
sheeton
Supreme
gang
California.was
injuncUon.the
of
that
individuaiJreedoms~
L.A.
West
to
Cali,
Gangster the
is
gang Injunctions
ones
that
to
to
Court
his
Hahn,
initiate
now
appellate
gang
first
a
have
get
City's
injunctions
90037;
current
restricting
but
Covina
members
Chicago
freedom
in Gang
ruled
national
Court
injunctions
injunctions
then
the
more
a
use
Grips
Mayor,
TACTICS
citywide
court
·
323-235-4243;
practice
campaign
and
in
unconsUtutional
California Suppr~ssion
L.A.
throughout
ruled
injuncUon
of
injunctions
pagers
when
in
Chicago
can
attention
East
speech.
James
decision
1987.
City
were
work,
that
gang
In
keep
has
TO
it
the L.A.,
Attorney,
for
for
appeals
cities
v.
put
L.A.
Hahn
INTENSIFY
the
was see
their
case
than
any
a
in
but
into
·members
not STEP
should
discrimination defines Gang defining
live
We
believing
increased for discriminatory
enforcement;
for people gang
organizations, unjust
access transportation
training, addressing
they
Gang Long-term
1980-
THE
L.A. living.or
for
or
are
are
injunctions.
Act:
Injunctions,
Injunctions:
hang
for
their
WAR
be
named
essential
opposed
and
to:
and
etc.
committing
them
entire
who
held
surveillance,
our
(A) the
being
dress,
The
out. criminalizes
prosecuting
ON
(B)
costly;
results
from
based
church
are goal
in
to
accountable
Exempt
root
2005
communities
Y
GANGS
to
Racial,
Stop services
an
be
in
Probation
JC
Short-term,
affiliations
gang
gang gang
is
causes
contact
a
injunction
unconstitutional;
and
on
believes
when
to
programs
crime
violating
arrest,
all
race
members
cease
a
class
criminal
ineffective
injunctions injunctions
such
community-based
"gang"
of
for
with
government
together.
and/or
or
due
and
we
gang
that
and age and
and
can
all
their
people
as
where
and
family
activity.
instead
are
to
class;
use
job unless
people
still
code
Parole)
violence.
in
actions
so
public
fighting
of
they
(on
the the
gangs gangs
Angeles Angeles
the the
Los Los powers powers
office, office,
the the Attorney's Attorney's
perpetrated perpetrated
intervention intervention
and and County County
place place Demonstration Demonstration
and and Law Law
Established Established
1988: 1988:
Los Los
City City
Los Los
Angeles Angeles
coordinated coordinated
County County
Enforcement Enforcement
a a
......
in in
STEP STEP
Probation Probation
agreement agreement
multi-agency multi-agency
Angeles Angeles
Angeles Angeles
of of
" "
County County
order order
office, office,
Los Los
by by
program, program,
Police Police
of of
CLEAR CLEAR
Act-
to to
Angeles Angeles
criminal criminal
Project, Project,
L.A. L.A.
Sheriff's Sheriff's
City City
response response
County County
the the
"provide "provide
Department, Department,
and and
with with
Continued Continued
Department, Department,
•• ••
Los Los
Attorney's Attorney's
gang gang
within within
administered administered
Recovery Recovery
Community Community
that that
street street
under under
the the
District District
Angeles Angeles
Department, Department,
a a
to to
Los Los
put put
flexible flexible
the the
crime crime
a a
the the
into into
joint joint
and and
City City
by by
Youth Youth
members. members.
Y Y personal personal
(attached). (attached).
Department Department Created Created
Network Network
the the
1987, 1987,
For For
System System
In In
JC's JC's
1987, 1987,
Gang Gang
details details
Justice Justice
First First
fact fact
(GREAT}-to (GREAT}-to
the the
and and
in in
information information
Reporting, Reporting,
sheet sheet
on on
L.A. L.A.
Gang Gang
began began
Law Law
Coalition, Coalition,
the the
how how
on on
Los Los
Enforcement Enforcement
Database Database
gang gang
developing developing
Gang Gang
Evaluation, Evaluation,
about about
Angeles Angeles
collect, collect,
253 253
injunctions injunctions
Suppression Suppression
West West
suspected suspected
store, store,
County County
Communication Communication
a a
large large
and and
Martin Martin
work, work,
and and
Tracking Tracking
Sheriff's Sheriff's
gang gang
database
Tactics Tactics
Luther Luther
analyze analyze
see see
the the
King King
Blvd., Blvd.,
·police ·police
·Newton," ·Newton,"
jails jails
.. ..
working working
A A
nicknames nicknames of of
database(s) database(s)
threatening threatening
Push Push
in in into into
TheY TheY
spreading spreading
unfairly unfairly Take Take inside inside
getting getting
the the
banging banging
leads leads notification notification
18 18 (State (State
and and r'r.nrrilrr<>fnrtn r'r.nrrilrr<>fnrtn
1 1
Gang Gang
c.+ 0% 0% War War order order all all L.A., L.A., months, months, practice practice a a games, games, to to of of youth: youth: immediate immediate law law people people JC JC police police tactics tactics spills spills Department Department on on stir stir Databases: Databases: killed killed gang gang labeling labeling Cali, Cali, to to to to on on wants wants "77th "77th enforcemenrto enforcemenrto Gangs Gangs false false up up get get have have or or violence violence and and us us are Because.so Because.so way way in in out out of of spreading spreading who who net, net, A A 90037; 90037; behind behind members members to to are are conflict conflict tattoos tattoos other other a a Street Street in in developahdrecommend developahdrecommend punishing punishing End End removed removed having having onto onto information information retaliate, retaliate, LA LA someone someone us us gang gang when when steps steps push push the the is is getting getting are are of of County County build build a a imoacted imoacted all all preventioh preventioh this. this. AND AND 323-235-4243; 323-235-4243; the the street street not not that that Eat Eat and and War War Justice) Justice) Push Push enhancement; enhancement; passing passing law law to to false false the the practices practices claimed claimed much much streets, streets, people people peace peace convicted convicted from from people people and and stop stop Their Their SUPPORTTHE SUPPORTTHE violence violence are are B. B. a a on on BUIL.D•SIIv11LAR BUIL.D•SIIv11LAR enforcement's enforcement's right right and and with with Jor;Jhe Jor;Jhe composed composed that that gang gang information information Guarantee Guarantee Youth. Youth. separating separating raCistor raCistor counties counties or or the the the the conflict conflict in in ;from,gang ;from,gang Dead," Dead," projects~ projects~ the the with with by by disrespectful disrespectful to to leads leads killed, killed, by by local local used used and and police police member member gangster gangster database(s). database(s). an an law law between between appointment appointment of of State State putting putting [email protected] [email protected] one one To To stirring stirring too too appeal appeal a a gang gang happens-statewide, happens-statewide, or or people people by by put put of of and and enforcement enforcement and and gang-related gang-related protect protect cars; cars; that that between between a a either either another. another. people people many many of of people people Southwest Southwest guards guards gang gang ONGOING ONGOING down down comprehensive comprehensive in in violenc~; violenc~; them them the the TRUCES TRUCES tactics tactics peace peace database(s) database(s) California California rival rival up up people people process. process. court court language; language; dropping dropping to to officers officers on on suppression suppression people people D. D. and and conflict conflict of of retaliate; retaliate; ourcommuniti~s ourcommuniti~s based based working working in in gang gang in in neighborhoods neighborhoods the the efforts efforts The The of of an an or or Rather Rather enemy enemy CYA, CYA, support support cannot cannot to to Division's Division's crime crime gangster gangster As As .LA .LA IN IN lying lying GANG GANG streets streets to to C. C. members members be be in in involved!must involved!must violence violence people people on on between between aiming aiming OTHER OTHER without without part part end end our our to to Ensure Ensure County County should should state state or or the the than than similarcouncils similarcouncils gangjvlolence gangjvlolence gang gang cells, cells, about about or or be be promote promote effdrts effdrts the the using using TRUCES TRUCES otthis otthis neighborhoods neighborhoods the the orlwithin orlwithin serious serious a a off off cops, cops, uliired uliired added added prisons prisons guns guns sweeping sweeping that that violent violent positive positive or or receiving receiving taking taking be be and and neighborhoods neighborhoods "WAR "WAR Peace Peace that that their their orinmates orinmates (such (such in in police police race race to to effort, effort, coordinated; coordinated; "enemy "enemy happens happens including gang gang at at races, races, be be people people focus focus offenders. offenders. to to Guns"). Guns"). gang gang the the and and felony felony bets bets IN IN people people on on instead instead as as the the Process Process development development fired. fired. gang gang prevention prevention all all official official establish establish should should truces truces prison prison GANGS." GANGS." "Shootin' "Shootin' county county on on including including activities activities Cal Cal on on territory;" territory;" that that youth youth are are on on within within on on These These signs, signs, the the in in F. F. fights fights of of Gang Gang gang gang and and E. E. the the and and a a and and be be 5- a a The passed that Although into second ballot be prison Strikes/Proposition probation), extended California earned of be law law). 50 the for any percent, doubles effect triggers California California initiative sentence serious (rather felony. during Three strike, the sentences voters in and as sentences the March first than felonies, Strikes, requires prison state in Furthermore, under limits given life Three passed the two in 1994. sentence legislature be 2004 jail 184 to the "good "strikes" (rather which the that for 20 served it or previous as election. a percent crime on these time" the went than can a must in Database technology creating 1997 contracted THAN Following into enabled to of Department also throughout for officers the by Gal/Gang CALIFORNIA. ON now state. and Youth create Justice over local technology THE a Canada. fed in California statewide Known 250,000 use Justice in 6,000 gang all GREAT, police OAT Cai/Gang, the system 58 with Creates local company- in Cali of counties. ABASE lead ten databases law as Justice departments Coalition, outside PEOPLE an to SRA Department information gang Gang other California's is enforcement collect of information Cai/Gang accessed which also L.A. IN file. SRA Net, of states MORE 253 that data ARE the sold in The it West is funds felony over eliminated President most which prisons; courts felonies) mentally proposal where of members young which form terrorist this by thousands blocked were when Martin three defengClnJ~,C\PP~al!ng allowed five ovef$3.billion.wa~Fcutfrom expensive murdered for they the would in as able gangs Luther 'violent' activity' an a federal incapacitated years; or which local 13 Clinton's in death measure an arrived of expansion to of the the to have were people, existing deport two governments King be mandated $1 by federal in on felonies state, penalty courts; 0 'violent' permitted tried in history: vigilantes already 30 the Blvd., added billion their non-citizens including statute billion leading of defendants); basis as law a applies (or the death section "home" L.A., life offences $10.8 for adults; by labeled to even to evidence prevenij(}n:ilro9rams,Jt\e~fina~ $ number and of which the sentences the to be crime hire youth. Cali, secret penalty from the billion the government applied Congressional which 'attempts' construction country. and alleged as 100,000 and prohibited a 90037; mass bill of ro~as~r~}:p~tt\'Vq~Qlirds two terrorists so of the evidence. Many in sept~(l(:es,.~:ln)tsfinal federal one allowed was for racial called to to federal to creation deportation Clinton to all 58 new 323-235-4243; anyone be 'serious' of the death commit of the convicted bias (the crimes these 'engaged under 'three children Black largest police new matching In execution a/so of bill to California, convicted squads drug special people federal strikes' the be such to of Caucus also officers and as gang used in law, ·- of Three should of order defining to mandatory because the Cai/Gang: This they including databases Crime databases based based income, each arrest, use constitutes have to Strikes: on on Bill: have case. of give and which they court, mandatory criminal race, already prisons, (see above.) minimums. We We the distributing communities can We we immigration detention are gang TheY discriminatory ability are take charges done are are and opposed opposed minimums, injunctions JC opposed pushing to into We deportation prison justice. determine is and more especially believe account opposed status to to incarceration time sentencing for gang to. control the expansion and alternatives and that of in the crime sentences to gang when people the judges in details U.S. bill in in juveniles juveniles committing committing to to (2) (2) Violence Violence Proposition Proposition by62%. by62%. Prevention Prevention Proposition Proposition felonies; felonies; In In 14 14 confidentiality confidentiality with with court court of of (7) (7) effectively effectively the the (6) (6) including including offenses offenses in in convicted convicted now now violent violent crime crime the Increases Increases murder; murder; Eliminates Eliminates intimidation intimidation Increases Increases home- authorizes authorizes cases cases March March be be 16 16 years years Allows Allows Requires Requires Increases Increases juvenile juvenile list list local local regularly regularly tried tried into into and and of of felonies felonies of of invasion invasion indeterminate indeterminate recruiting recruiting where where death death of of and and as as 2000, 2000, in in right right offenses offenses law law state state 17 17 of of gang gang punishment punishment prosecutors prosecutors in in eliminating eliminating informal informal wiretapping wiretapping Act Act murder murder age age adult adult 21 21 court. court. and and eligible eligible a a adult adult youth youth 21: 21: year year Juvenile Juvenile penalties penalties enforcement. enforcement. sentenced sentenced protections protections to to felony. felony. (the (the also also penalty penalty prison. prison. and and California California no no robbery, robbery, enhancements enhancements or or drive-by drive-by seal seal court court (1) (1) olds olds (3) (3) court, court, for for older older considered considered one one gang gang or or so-called so-called Probation Probation for for known known included included Requires Requires Allows Allows criminal criminal a a gang gang juvenile juvenile (9) (9) Crime Crime for for life life to to (4) (4) convicted convicted without without Three Three for for was was for for for for serious serious charged charged including including members members carjacking, carjacking, to to shootings; shootings; file file voters voters for for Greatly Greatly gang-related gang-related sentences sentences Reduces Reduces gang-related gang-related gang gang serious serious as as activities; activities; life life hurt. hurt. for for charges charges these these juveniles juveniles Juvenile Juvenile Prevention Prevention Strikes. Strikes. for for the the records. records. life. life. serious serious more more permission permission in in for for sex sex the the activities. activities. passed passed (8) (8) in in with with any any prison prison increases increases Gang Gang juveniles juveniles felonies, felonies, juveniles. juveniles. to to Youth Youth as as adult adult offense. offense. lock-up lock-up creates creates juveniles juveniles witness witness for for register register and and youth youth against against Crime Crime or or (1 (1 (5) (5) Youth Youth even even 0) 0) Act) Act) are are of of Justice Justice departments departments Coordination Coordination coordination coordination federal federal departments departments enforcement; enforcement; sheriffs' sheriffs' Security, Security, crime crime description description and and Department Department felonies. felonies. to to U.S. U.S. against against was was Marshal, Marshal, war war recently recently RICO RICO U.S. U.S. target target on on Firearms Firearms expanded expanded Military, Military, Marshals.) Marshals.) Coalition, Coalition, during during Act Act drugs drugs prosecution prosecution street street departments; departments; used used fugitives fugitives IRS, IRS, (Operation (Operation including including intended intended is is was was the the of of of of and and when when the the attached attached (ATF), (ATF), in in under under gangs gangs ICE ICE of of in in 253 253 Alcohol, Alcohol, Homeland Homeland Operation Operation 1930s; 1930s; law law first first federal federal use; use; CIA. CIA. charged charged (Immigration), (Immigration), for for local local West West the the of of the the FBI, FBI, in in Falcon Falcon enforcement enforcement used used local local organized organized and and the the from from This This the the federal federal first first Tobacco Tobacco police police Martin Martin U.S. U.S. Mafia Mafia with with most most Falcon Falcon 1980s 1980s in in code code the the used used the the and and Luther Luther to to 2001 2001 Passed Passed organizations organizations tapping, tapping, after after terrorism" terrorism" terrorism terrorism of of prosecution. prosecution. people people Because Because Allows Allows even even probable probable members members well well gangs gangs speech, speech, representation Threatens Threatens purposes." purposes." King King the the Cali's Cali's as as 9/11, 9/11, years. years. Patriot Patriot Blvd., Blvd., Patriot Patriot FBI FBI as as blocking blocking on on overwhelmingly overwhelmingly free free harassment harassment cause cause legal legal laws laws A-freedom A-freedom of of which which "terrorist "terrorist the the as as Constitutional Constitutional to to gang gang Allows Allows L.A., L.A., the the assembly, assembly, Act Act investigate investigate "domestic "domestic to to Act Act Patriot Patriot to to or or definition definition exist exist their their surveillance, surveillance, subjects subjects STEP STEP include include files files judicial judicial Cali, Cali, are are for for organizations." organizations." and and when when re-entry re-entry Act Act jailing jailing in in applicable applicable 90037; 90037; Act, Act, freedom freedom by by "domestic "domestic California California rights rights review review people people criminal criminal expanded expanded terrorists" terrorists" individuals individuals of of Congress Congress it it all all of of gang gang is is wire wire to to 323-235-4243; 323-235-4243; aspects aspects non-citizens non-citizens of of for for for for the the even even of of 1st 1st to to "intelligence "intelligence religion, religion, months months due due U.S. U.S. and and A- and and just just when when free free without without and and free free as as no no [email protected] [email protected] The The life life We We Proposition Proposition transfer transfer authorizes authorizes groups groups enforcement enforcement prisons. prisons. no no income, income, characteristics. characteristics. We We Homeland Homeland corporate corporate believe believe to to detain detain press. press. economically economically lawyer; lawyer; toward toward Patriot Patriot limit limit one one sentences sentences are are are are Y Y JC JC people people freedom freedom We We of of the the is is it it Act: Act: opposed opposed to to opposed opposed of of immigration immigration opposes opposes is is hurt; hurt; people people greed greed deport deport youth youth increased increased U.S., U.S., believe believe Security: Security: Unconstitutional Unconstitutional 21 21 tactics tactics oppressed oppressed without' without' for for mand~tory mand~tory tctibs'.otten tctibs'.otten ~ihth~~Jtg~,"t" ~ihth~~Jtg~,"t" : : of of has has as as and and to to to to people people based based youth youth Proposition Proposition sp~ech, sp~ech, that that any any the the young young that that status status given given that that trials trials charges charges Patriot Patriot U.S. U.S. even even laws laws on on unfairly unfairly without without people people occupied occupied warfare warfare minimums; minimums; lead lead for for as as rise rise religion religion race, race, or or and and aggression aggression and and in in are are 16 16 other other youth youth 21 21 or or Act Act to to to to cases cases have have target target a a into into inhumane inhumane too too access access law law because because anger anger civilian civilian to to hearing; hearing; because because or or and and as as strike strike powerful powerful adult adult the the and and little little where where adults; adults; and and to to the the it it or or a a to to we we how of enforcement Falcon 2005 demonstrated integration Security's levels (See paper, Operation attached.) Falcon Homeland the above Operation will briefing Office work. law on and Youth all convicted death the punishmentfor enacted, gangs, S enforcement and youth, Re-introduced In This next year (increase reforms 1999 Justice 155 a U.S. unusual 5-to-4 five bill i[l "Juvenile sentences by and Senate including Coalition, included needed was years S155 Senator sentences) of decision, more committing punishment, efforts one January to will Committee. Justice" 16- to witness funding of the support of 253 and Hatch basically effectively and 72 against onlv the creation for West 17-vear-old people 2005 bill 17-year-olds crimes Supreme (R-Utah) existing for seven protection, and Federal, which First gangs. Martin take federal with prosecute of are on under nations new introduced Prop gang Death passed the and Court therefore aanct·members State Luther prosecutors intervention violate criminal addition age Senator 21 and in Rows strikes gang and in national, the King 18, violent the unconstitutional. the in local gang world members, stating of throughout 1996, Feinstein Blvd., down Senate Eighth and funds and "who law crime authorizing prosecution that FBI much prevention the that L.A., enforcement for Amendment but commit sentenced penalties, and (D-California), agents death laws the prevention Cali, of stalled The proposed nation. the $762.5 authorizing penalty offenses, ser,i_o~;~s~aQtSJ)f 90037; programs involved action bill in propose juveniles efforts standards incorporated House and Until million federal for was 323-235-4243; reverses in "enhance" intervention. for against capital those this coordinated violent Committee. raised to over at-risk for decision, death. who the cruel into the violent last crime If We racist inhumane, incarceration, can property Operation harassing currently few communities enforcement Policing communities, communities. Law would,benefit~poor instability, In most oppose instances teach and and cases, in and the is classist people and poverty the it Falcon: more the is mass efforts serving and contributing and where We U.S. containing more the death focused communities not in we and can the coordination lockdown and historically leads its expensive such the to penalty do search think violence working application, kill wealthy, not poor on to to coordination by of Marshal greater believe of protecting because for killing only and of than of class in a color. while our law a it people. that life-time is it is you As As for for coordination coordination outlining outlining enforcement enforcement May May "Operation "Operation Joint Joint and and Patriot Patriot strategy strategy couple couple the the Suppression Suppression be be implemented implemented including including the the Sheriffs Sheriffs of of CIA, CIA, areas, areas, connected connected publicly publicly rumored rumored cited cited members. members. coordination coordination County. County. Nutcracker Nutcracker Marshall Marshall or or Operation Operation 1279. 1279. Homeland Homeland local local the the responsible responsible "extracting "extracting paper paper (L.A.) (L.A.) Firearms Firearms 2005- U.S. U.S. Task Task as as and and rumor rumor 1279 1279 of of Act's Act's legislative legislative suggested suggested the the for for Department, Department, "Operation "Operation This This to to Law Law that that years years office office Marshall's Marshall's went went Nutcracker Nutcracker Operation Operation Force Force to to the the rumor, rumor, be be the the implementation implementation Nutcracker" Nutcracker" In In was was of of could could briefing briefing Youth Youth Security Security was was as as the the Coordination Coordination type type with with local local (ATF}; (ATF}; domestic domestic a a military military L.A. L.A. for for the the much much Patriot Patriot of of as as a a model model not not to to Patriot Patriot circulating, circulating, law law Homeland Homeland approval. approval. containing containing military military which which of of a a work. work. FBI; FBI; by by law law combat combat Justice Justice it it Nutcracker" Nutcracker" Office; Office; possible possible Homeland Homeland connected connected paper paper coordination coordination Falcon Falcon farther farther and and was was was was without without both both enforcement enforcement would would Act Act enforcement enforcement for for Alcohol, Alcohol, terrorists," terrorists," Act Act would would In In would would LAPD LAPD involvement, involvement, how how locally. locally. being being Rumored Rumored Chief Chief was was Coalition, Coalition, gangs gangs U.S. U.S. strategy strategy the the and and Tactics Tactics was was in in be be Security Security designated designated a a implementation implementation Congressional Congressional proposing proposing the the law law be be Security, Security, community, community, to to leaked, leaked, responsible responsible Tobacco Tobacco -- through through incorrectly incorrectly Department Department Military, Military, Implement Implement Bratton Bratton also also has has the the in in a a e.g. e.g. However, However, planned planned strategy strategy would would planned planned for for Toward Toward L.A. L.A. that that 253 253 for for been been gang gang HR HR a a and and a a West West the the Gang Gang Martin Martin Luther Luther through through felonies felonies death death sentences sentences courts. courts. of of Proposed Proposed year year supported supported S155 S155 other other penalties penalties would would Goodlatte, Goodlatte, sexual sexual at at avoid avoid (4) (4) also also limitations limitations May May gang gang immigrant, immigrant, deported deported criminal criminal assault assault build build and and approved approved law law who who HR HR If If enacted, enacted, gang gang least least Authorize Authorize over over 1279 1279 drug drug approved approved commit commit the the 11, 11, a a members members gang gang much much prosecution prosecution King King or or result result abuse abuse case case resulting resulting 30 30 (3) (3) crimes crimes Congress Congress committed committed street street 2005, 2005, number number life life one one for for for for trafficking trafficking also also 266-159, 266-159, last last by by for for and and years years a a estimates estimates Blvd., Blvd., and and crime crime Further Further further. further. imprisonment imprisonment two two against against in in a a undocumented undocumented Republican Republican decade decade the the Bush, Bush, or or all all year year builds builds criminal criminal gangs gangs an an but but a a weaken weaken punishable punishable 15 15 in in maiming, maiming, or or violent violent minimum minimum in in of of in in prosecution prosecution - L.A., L.A., amendment amendment federal federal only only in in failed failed years years establish establish serious serious in in defined defined to to gang gang more more prison prison would would sentences sentences and and The The other other the the on on will will are are as as Congress, Congress, further further Cali, Cali, if if offense. offense. judicial judicial crimes crimes Cali's Cali's as as groups groups future, future, to to from from they they if if bill bill exceed exceed cases cases gang gang that that court court add add for for gang gang and and for for the the prison prison by by pass pass bodily bodily a a as as 90037; 90037; passed passed immigrants. immigrants. minimum minimum the the law law of of kidnapping, kidnapping, cooperat~ cooperat~ any any new new death. death. Virginia, Virginia, definition definition violator violator to to violent violent five five at at when when crimes, crimes, discretion discretion from from as as the the prosecuted prosecuted (6) (6) of of 16- the the HR HR activities activities the the 9 9 least least will: will: term term injury. injury. crime crime adults. adults. three three prisoni.C( prisoni.C( years years billiod~iP~f~nd~nts(can billiod~iP~f~nd~nts(can 323-235-4243; 323-235-4243; bill bill and and the the Senate. Senate. 1279 1279 bill bill the the (2) (2) crimes crimes (1} (1} of of mandatory mandatory 20 20 that that will will · · House House by by resulting resulting Increase Increase 17-year-old 17-year-old to to Convictions Convictions at at The The including including (5) (5) aggravated aggravated years years Expand Expand of of took took definitely definitely would would Rep. Rep. in in least least a a If If The The and and federal federal street street it it 279-144 279-144 the the for for makes makes Bob Bob 10 10 other other in in House House by by stiffen stiffen the the [email protected] [email protected] intent intent imposing imposing an an death, death, be be years. years. alleged alleged 200 200 gang gang for for range range on on a a of of - The The Operation Operation tactics tactics every every exaggerated. exaggerated. it it Law. Law. criminals; criminals; years years stigmatized stigmatized immediate immediate paper, paper, Bratton Bratton Homeland Homeland We We authenticity authenticity police police HR HR California's California's renamed renamed Security. Security. was was 1279: 1279: opposed opposed Y Y JC JC We We ago. ago. aspect aspect laid laid tactics tactics promised promised and and when when worked worked the the also also it it out out Security Security threat threat Nutcracker: Nutcracker: determined determined gang gang It It expanded expanded of of all all Department Department of of 1279 1279 national; national; is is the the was was However, However, this this know know urban urban for for this this by by hard hard was was definition, definition, office office rumor rumor very very on on that that and and the the strategy strategy that that youth youth greatly greatly all all to to the the it it that that reason reason first first L.A. L.A. similar similar LA LA further further we we determine determine levels. levels. Nutcracker Nutcracker and and Homeboy Homeboy use use of of Police Police the the laws laws opened opened oppose oppose Office Office as as briefing briefing color color of of to to that that Marshal Marshal It It the the and and the the took took Chief Chief of of we we the the as as two two as as YouthJustice Coalition, 253 WestMartin Luther King Blvd., L.A., Cali, 90037; 323-235-4243;[email protected] HR970 The "GangPrevention And EffectiveDeterrence Act" This bill was nearlyidentical to introducedon March9, 2005 by DennisA. Cardoza(D) S 155. We opposedit for the samereasons. from Merced,Adam Schiff (D) from Pasadenaand Evenas Prop 21 has been provento be MaryBono (R) from PalmSprings - was nearly unfairto youthand familiesand a disasterto identicalto the Feinstein-Hatchbill. It authorized the state, still California'sfederal approximately$650 millionover the next five yearsto representativesare spreadingbad policies supportfederal, state and local law enforcement againstgangs, including witness protection Mnrl ~...v·· risk" youthprevention programs. The bill increasedfunding for federalprosecutors agentsto increasecoordinated enforcement'efforts' : ! againstgangs. In addition,H.R. 970 criminalgang prosecution offenses, enhapgeq:~~!sfj6gl gangand violentcrime penalties, propos~f:I~Mijg~~;·~2. moreeasily prosecute gang members, artpproppsecl'Cii limitedreform of the juvenilejustice systemitotfabilitatei federalprosecution of 16 and 17 year memberswho "commitserious acts of vidlencet/ Whileit didn't makeit throughCongress, likely to be reintroducedagain. ".'\