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U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Jim Zanotti Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs August 12, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22967 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians Summary Since the signing of the Oslo Accord in 1993 and the establishment of limited Palestinian self- rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1994, the U.S. government has committed over $3.5 billion in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat in November 2004, U.S. assistance to the Palestinians has been averaging about $400 million a year. During the 1990s, U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinians averaged approximately $75 million per year. Despite more robust levels of assistance this decade, Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Hamas’s heightened role in Palestinian politics have made it more difficult to implement effective and lasting aid projects that serve U.S. interests. U.S. aid to the Palestinians has fluctuated considerably over the past five years, largely due to Hamas’s changing role within the Palestinian Authority (PA). After Hamas led the PA government for over a year, its forcible takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 led to the creation of a non- Hamas government in the West Bank—resulting in different models of governance for the two Palestinian territories. Since then, the United States has dramatically boosted aid levels to bolster the PA in the West Bank and President Mahmoud Abbas vis-à-vis Hamas. The United States has appropriated or reprogrammed nearly $2 billion since 2007 in support of PA Prime Minister Salam Fayyad’s security, governance, development, and reform programs, including $650 million for direct budgetary assistance to the PA and nearly $400 million (toward training, non-lethal equipment, facilities, strategic planning, and administration) for strengthening and reforming PA security forces and criminal justice systems in the West Bank. -
Covering the Christians of the Holy Land Amahl Bishara
A weekly mass is conducted in Beit Jala to protest the wall that will destroy Palestinian olive groves. LINDA DORIGO Covering the Christians of the Holy Land Amahl Bishara very year around Christmas and Easter, a kind of meta- Yasser Arafat was in attendance at the Christmas Eve mass to ritual takes place in which American journalists describe make a statement that pointed to Christianity’s importance in Ehow these holidays are celebrated in the “Holy Land.” It Palestinian culture. “We pray together and we work together for is a long-running story, never stripped of politics. In , for peace, which our prophet Jesus Christ worked and struggled example, the New York Times published a classically Orientalist for…. Tonight, Muslims, Christians and Jews will celebrate in opposition of here and there, us and them. Easter in Jerusalem the land of peace.”2 A few years later, the story was that Arafat’s was a “frenzy of devotion,” “an annual release of the entire by then annual pilgrimage had been curtailed. Perhaps fore- community, such as you and I in New York know nothing of. shadowing the connement in which the PA president would Somewhere in the centuries during which our ancestors were spend his last years, in Israeli authorities forbade Arafat moving westward from the Middle East we have lost the gift from traveling from Ramallah to Bethlehem. ey reportedly of it and we have never recaptured it.”1 checked for his presence in both a bus full of Franciscan friars In recent decades, the story has hewn closer to the workaday and the trunk of the car bearing Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem politics of the Israeli-Palestinian conict. -
The Israeli-Palestinian People-To-People Program
Lena C. Endresen Contact and Cooperation: The Israeli-Palestinian People-to-People Program Lena C. Endresen Contact and Cooperation: The Israeli-Palestinian People-to-People Program Fafo-paper 2001:3 1 © Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science 2001 ISSN 0804-5135 2 Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6 The People-to-People Program: Rationale and Assumptions .............................................................................. 8 People-to-People Program Activities ............................................................. 11 NGO Cooperative Projects ............................................................................................11 Building structures for peace .......................................................................................13 Main Challenges .............................................................................................. 16 Impact and Evaluation..................................................................................................17 The Impact of the Peace Process on People-to-People Activities...............................19 Equality as an Ambition: The Two NGO Sectors .........................................................20 Norway and the Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science as a Third Party ..............23 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... -
Using Educational Drama and Role-Playing Teaching English in Gaza
Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning (ISSN: 2321 – 2454) Volume 01– Issue 01, April 2013 Using Educational Drama and Role-Playing Teaching English in Gaza Governorates Awad Sulaiman Keshta The Islamic University of Gaza Gaza, Palestine _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT— The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions of the teachers' use of educational drama in teaching English in Palestine whose first language was Arabic toward English drama. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher used a questionnaire in order to collect data about the teachers' use of educational drama in their classes. The sample of the study was 107 female and male teachers from Gaza southern Governorates. The study findings were as follows: 1. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in English language teachers' perception of the use of educational drama and role-playing in teaching English attributed to the gender. 2. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in English language teachers' perception of the use of educational drama and role-playing in teaching English due to teachers' experience. 3. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in English language teachers' perception of the use of educational drama and role-playing in teaching English attributed to the institution to which they belong. 4. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in English language teachers' perception of the use of educational drama and role-playing in teaching English attributed to qualifications. Based on the study results, the researcher recommends that teachers should make good use of educational drama in their classes as it is considered an essential strategy for teaching English. -
The Effectiveness of Using Drama Techniques in Teaching Difficult
JRCIET Vol. 5 , No. 3 July 2019 The Effectiveness of Using Drama Techniques in Teaching Difficult Units of EFL Course on Developing Language Proficiency and on Decreasing Anxiety Level of Intermediate Stage Students Abdullah Khader Mohammad Al Zahrani Curricula and Methods of Teaching English Faculty of Education Taif University Marwan Rasheed Arafat , Ph.D Assistant Professor of Curricula and Methods of Teaching English -Faculty of Education Taif University Abstract he current study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using drama techniques in teaching T the difficult units of EFL course on developing language proficiency and on decreasing the anxiety level of intermediate stage students. The study adopted a quasi- experimental design (experimental / control). Also it included one independent variable which was the using drama techniques and two dependent variables which were developing language proficiency and decreasing the anxiety level. The sample of the study consisted of (N = 48) from the first intermediate grade students. The experimental group consisted of (N= 23) which was taught the difficult units through drama techniques. The control group consisted of (N= 25) which was taught the difficult units through the normal methods. The following instruments were used to achieve the questions of the study: A questionnaire to determine the difficult units based on the opinions of English supervisors and teachers. An achievement test in language proficiency. A diagnostic test to measure the level of anxiety among students. The t-test is used to determine the statistical differences between the mean scores of two groups. The current study indicated the positive effectiveness of using drama techniques on developing language proficiency and on decreasing the anxiety level for the 1st intermediate grade students. -
Studies in Comparative Education
7 Edited by Daniel S. HalpPr-in for- the Geneva Foundation z INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF EDUCATION STUDIESINCOMPARATIVEEDUCATION To LIVE TOGETHER: SHAPINGNEWATTITUDES To PEACE THROUGHEDUCATION Edited by Daniel S. Halpe’rin Based on the Israeli-Palestinian Workshop held 26 January to 2 February 1997 at the Centre des Pens&es, Fondation Marcel Merieux, Veyrier du Lac (Annecy), France Published under the auspices of the Geneva Foundation to Protect Health in War and the Multi-faculty Programme for Humanitarian Action at Geneva University with the support of the Marcel Merieux Foundation and the International Bureau of Education The ideas and opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNESCO:IBE. The designations employed and the presen- tation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO:IBE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France ISBN: 92-3-185003-2 Printed in France by SADAG, Bellegarde. 0 UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, 1997 Preface Ever since its creation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has been strongly committed to the development of a culture of peace. As is stressed in the present UNESCO Medium-term strat- egy, the Organization is now striving to promote the idea of ‘a culture of peace’ which was formulated for the first time at the International Congress on Peace in the Minds of Men at Yamoussoukro in 1989 and subsequently elaborated on and refined, particularly at the forty-fourth session of the International Conference on Education (1994). -
Abstract This Paper Explores the Under-Appreciated Role of Business
Business and the South African Transition Itumeleng Makgetla and Ian Shapiro Draft: February 20, 2016 Abstract This paper explores the under-appreciated role of business in negotiated transitions to democracy. Drawing on our interviews of key South African business leaders and political elites, we show how business played a vital role in enabling politicians to break out of the prisoners’ dilemma in which they had been trapped since the 1960s and move the country toward the democratic transition that took place in 1994. Business leaders were uniquely positioned to play this role, but it was not easy because they were internally divided and deeply implicated in Apartheid’s injustices. We explain how they overcame these challenges, how they facilitated negotiations, and how they helped keep them back on track when the going got rough. We also look at business in other transitional settings, drawing on South Africa’s experience to illuminate why business efforts to play a comparable role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have failed. We end by drawing out the implications of our findings for debates about democratic transitions and the role of business interests in them. Department of Political Science, P.O. Box 208301, New Haven, CT 06520-830. Phone:(203) 432-3415; Fax: (203): 432- 93-83. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] On March 21, 1960, police opened fire on a demonstration against South Africa’s pass laws in Sharpeville, fifty miles south of Johannesburg, killing 69 people. The callousness of the massacre – many victims were shot in the back while fleeing – triggered a major escalation in the conflict between the African National Congress (ANC) and the National Party (NP) government. -
List of Participants As of 7 April 2014
World Economic Forum on the Middle East and North Africa List of Participants As of 7 April 2014 Dead Sea, Jordan, 24-26 May 2013 Mhammed Abbad Founder Al Jisr Morocco Andaloussi Mahmoud Abbas President of the Palestinian National Authority; Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization Executive Committee Mohamed Hisham Minister of Tourism of Egypt Abbas Zaazou Ali Abbasov Minister of Communication and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan Gus Abboud Region Manager, Discrete Automation ABB United Arab Emirates and Motion Waleed Abd El General Manager Red Sea World Egypt Rahman Hassan El-Sayed Chief Executive Officer Arab African International Egypt Hassan Abdalla Bank Nouf Al Abdul General Manager, Kuwait and Qatar BP Kuwait Ltd Kuwait Razzaq Abdullah II Ibn Al King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Hussein Jordan Hend Abdulwahed Officer, Public Relations LAP GreenN Libya Sami Abi Esber President MDS UAE (Holding) United Arab Emirates Jihad Abi Saleh Chief Executive Officer and President MDS East Gulf Qatar Khaled Abou Zahr Chief Executive Officer and Eurabia Media Corporation United Arab Emirates Editor-in-Chief Hamza Aboulfeth Chief Executive Officer Genious Communications Morocco Rayd Abu Ayyash Acting Chief Executive Officer Capital Invest Jordan Ayman Abu Dhaim Vice-Chairman National Bank of Iraq Iraq Ahmad Abu Eideh Chief Executive Officer Standard Chartered Jordan Reem Abu Hassan Minister of Social Development of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Rami Abu Omar Chief Executive Officer Jordan Egypt Company Jordan Rami Abu Shaqra Chief -
Tawfiq Canaan an Introduction by Rev. Dr. Mitri Raheb Autobiographies
Tawfiq Canaan An Introduction by Rev. Dr. Mitri Raheb Autobiographies give a unique, eyewitness account of historical events experienced by one particular person, an account of a life with all its ups and downs, struggles and failures, successes and setbacks. They invite us to look at history not from a distant bird’s eye view, but through the eyes of one person in their own personal reality. However, autobiographies are not written at the time of the actual events and they constitute a rear-view mirror through a time lapse. Tawfiq Canaan started to write his autobiography in English in a pharmaceutical diary dated 1956, just a few months after his retirement in May 1955. Although still in good health, he must have had the feeling that time was slowly running out, that life was slowly but surely fading away, and that he had a story to share with his family, friends, and the visitors who were always eager to hear from him about socio-economic and political events. It must have taken him only a few months to write his memoirs. By late 1956, he had switched to documenting current affairs related to the dismissal of Glubb Pasha by the newly crowned King Hussein of Jordan on March 1st 1956, and reports on the Suez-Canal crises. This last chapter of his memoirs was less biographical and was therefore excluded from this publication. The last date in the manuscript was 1957, which means that Canaan must have felt that documenting current affairs was not his goal or worthy of his time. -
1 Introduction the Palestine Liberation Organization Has Been Extensively Studied in the Social Sciences and Humanities Particul
This is the accepted version of an article that will be published by Duke University Press in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East: https://www.dukeupress.edu/comparative-studies-of-south-asia-africa-and-the-middle- east/?viewby=journal Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24506/ PLO Cultural Activism: Mediating Liberation aesthetics in revolutionary contexts Dina Matar, Centre for Global Media and Communications, SOAS University of London [email protected] Abstract This paper addresses the PLO's cultural activism, in other words, its investment in diverse spheres of popular culture, at the beginning of the revolutionary period 1968- 1982 in its history. Drawing on archival research of the main spheres of the PLO's cultural output, it traces how the PLO strategized popular culture to enhance its image, create a new visibility for the Palestinians and mediate a Palestinian-centric liberation aesthetic rooted in real experiences of, and participation in, the Palestinian revolution. As such, the PLO's cultural activism combined an agential understanding of what it means to be Palestinian with popular armed struggle, language and image to conjure power in grassroots action, turn attention to the Palestinians themselves and evoke enduring affective identifications with the organization despite various setbacks and the passage of time. The argument is not intended to romanticize the role of the PLO or popular culture in a golden age of liberation politics. Rather it underlines -
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Eye on the News [email protected] Truthful, Factual and Unbiased Vol:X Issue No:121 Price: Afs.15 www.afghanistantimes.af www.facebook.com/ afghanistantimeswww.twitter.com/ afghanistantimes SUNDAY . NOVEMBER 29 . 2015 -Qaus 08, 1394 HS Yo ur Yo ur ad ad he re he re AT News Report KABUL: A driver was killed and two others wounded in a suicide attack in Kart-e-Naw area of Kab- AT News Report ul city on Saturday morning. KABUL: Ex-President Hamid Ministry of Interior (MoI) Karzai said that Afghans are unit- Public Affairs Department Dep- facing many problems ed, will remain united and none can after closure of the bor- uty Najeeb Danish confirmed the divide them. He added that Afghans blast. He said the suicide attacker and the Pashtuns living on the oth- der. According to the was on foot and detonated his er side of the Durand Line were residents of Badakhs- suicide vest in Shahrak-e-Telaie AT Monitoring Desk han they cross the border to shop th being trampled by world powers area of 8 police district in Kart- for their evil goals. Talking at a ref- quicker while saving time. The e-Naw at around 9:00 am. He told erence in the memory of late Pash- KABUL: Tajikistan has closed her provincial capital Faizabad can Afghanistan Times that a driver tun nationalist leader Afzal Khan border for Badakhshan residents take nearly 18 hours to travel. was killed and two others, includ- Lala on Saturday, Hamid Karzai living near the border. This came Meanwhile, the chief of Maimay ing a woman and a child, injured said: “Under a well orchestrated after insecurity increased in north- district Dawlat Mohammad said in the bomb blast. -
The Portland Trust
Table2: Balance of Payments Q4 2013, Q3 and Q4 2014 Figure 2: Al-Quds Index, March 2014 Q4 2013 Q3 2014 Q4 2014 Change (%) Change (%) 550 Item (USD (USD (USD (Q4 2013-Q4 (Q3 2014-Q4 millions) millions) millions) 2014) 2014) Current Account -$548.5 -$246.3 -$194.3 -64.6 -21.1 530 Trade Balance of Goods -$1,191.8 -$1,362.9 -$1,284.1 7.7 -5.8 The Portland Trust Trade Balance of Services $5.2 -$36.0 $8.8 69.2 -124.4 Income Balance $313.3 $349.1 $339.0 8.2 -2.9 Balance of Current Transfers $324.8 $803.5 $742.0 128.4 -7.7 510 Capital and Financial Account $576.8 $372.2 $168.1 -70.9 -54.8 Net Capital Account $136.5 $78.5 $99.9 -26.8 27.3 Net Financial Account $440.3 $293.7 $86.2 -80.4 -70.7 490 PALESTINIAN ECONOMIC BULLETIN Source: PCBS and PMA 470 International Investment Position National Accounts In line with a medium-term trend, in Q4 2014 the stock of Issue 103 450 The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) released preliminary investments of Palestinian residents outside Palestine April 2015 1 2015 national accounts estimates for Q4 2014. National GDP increased by 6.8% in (total external assets) exceeded investments in Palestine 1/3/2015 2/3/2015 3/3/2015 4/3/2015 5/3/2015 9/3/2015 10/3/2015 11/3/2015 12/3/2015 real terms from the previous quarter to $1,878.6m, but fell 1.1% year on year.