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EDUCATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 3493-COM STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT AN EDUCATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE FEDERAL ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF THE COMOROS Public Disclosure Authorized November 16, 1981 Public Disclosure Authorized Education Projects Division Eastern Africa Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Franc (FCFA) US$1.00 = FCFA 230 US$0.04347 = FCFA 1.0 US$1.00 = SDR 0.874 V MEASURES 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 square feet (ft2) 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.386 square miles(mi2) ABBREVIATIONS AfDB = African Development Bank BEPE = Education Projects Implementation Unit (Bureau d'Execution des Projets d-Education) CADER = Center for Assistance to Rural Development (Centre d-Appui au Developpement Rural) CEFADER = Federal Center for Assistance to Rural Development (Centre Federal d'Appui au Developpement Rural) FAG = French Technical Assistance Program (Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation) INE = National Institute of Education (Institut National d'Education) MEN = Ministry of National Education, Culture, Youth,and Sports (Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de la Culture, de la Jeunesse, et des Sports) . FEDERAL ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF THE COMOROS FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY COMOROS STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT FIRST EDUCATION PROJECT Table of Contents Page No. BASIC DATA 1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS .... ............. I Socio-Economic Setting .................................... I Recent Developments and Prospects ......................... 2 II. THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM ......................... 4 Structure, Administration, and Planning ................... 4 Primary Education ....... ................... 5 Secondary General Education ..... ................ 7 Training of Low and Middle Level Manpower ................. 8 Financing of Education ...... .................. 9 Summary of Government Policy and Sector Issues ............ 11 Bank Group Sector Knowledge and Lending Strategy . 12 III. THE PROJECT ............................................... 13 Objectives and Project Components .. 13 Primary Education ...................... ................... 14 Teacher Training School ................ .. ............... 14 In-Service Teacher Training .. i5............. Textbooks and Teaching Materials ............. ........... 15 Agricultural Training .. 16 Health Training ........................................... 17 Monitoring of Education Policy .. 17 Female Participation in the Education System ......... 18 Suamary of Technical Assistance ............... ....... 18 This report is based on the findings of a mission which visited the Comoros Islands in January-February 1981 and comprised Mr. L. Wolff (education plan- ner/mission leader), Ms. J. Vial (economist), Mr. R. Welter (architect), Mr. M. Cecere (agricultural educator), and Dr. T. Nacef (public health specialist/consultant). This documont hu a restricted distribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performanceofi theiroffiial duties.Its contents may not otherwise be disclosedwithout World Bank authorization. Page No. IV. PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCIAL PLAN ................... 19 Project Cost ......................................... 19, Financial Plan ............................................ 21 V. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, PROCUREMENT, DISBURSEMENT, AND AUDITING. ............................. 22 Implementation ............................................ 22 Procurement ............... 23 Disbursement .............................................. 24 Auditing ...... 25 VI. BENEFITS AND RISKS ........................................ 25 Benefits ...... 25 Risks ...... 25 V'II. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION ..................... 26 ANNEXES Annex 1.. Tables and Charts Tables 1. Comparative Education Indicators 2. Primary Teacher Requirements and Output, 1980-1990 3. Primary School Enrollments and Efficiency, 1980-1990 4. Health and Agriculture Manpower Needs, 1980-1990 5. Government Recurrent Expenditures in Education, 1980-1990 6. Summary of Estimated Project Costs 7. Estimated Project Cost by Category 8. Estimated Schedule of Disbursements Charts 1. Structure of the Formal Education System 2. Organization of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Youth, and Sports 3. Implementation Schedule Annex 2 Key Indicators for Project Implementation Annex 3 Selected Documents and Data Available in the Project File MAP - IBRD 15733 THE COMOROS BASIC DATA, 1980 GENERAL Area 1/ 1,800 km2 Population 1/ 355,000 Annual Population Growth Rate (est. 1975-80) 3.7% Life Expectancy (years) 48 Per Capita Income (1979) US$260 Annual GDP Growth Rate 1976-1978 3.5% 1978-1980 7.0% EDUCATION School Year October-June Literacy Rate (est. 1975) 20% Adult Gross Enrollment Ratios Primary 99.4% Lower Secondary 34.6% Upper Secondary 8.0% Total Secondary 20.7% Higher 1.4% Expenditures on Education as a Percentge of Total Government Expenditures Recurrent (est.) 29.1% Capital 13.0% Total 25.4% Government Expenditures on Education as a Percentage of GDP Recurrent 5.4% Capital 0.7% Total 6.1% 1/ Not including Mayotte. 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A COMOROS APPRAISAL REPORT I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS r Socio-Economic Setting 1.01 The Comoros Archipelago, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, consists of four islands, Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mayotte and Moheli. The Comorian Parliament declared unilateral independ- ence from France for all four islands in 1975, but Mayotte (about 13% of the population), chose to remain as a French territory.(l) The population of the three islands is estimated at 355,000 in 1980 and the land area is 1800 km2. With an estimated per capita income of US$260 (1979), the Comoros is one of the poorest countries in the world. Two of the islands, Anjouan and Grande Comore, are densely populated with about 500 inhabitants per km2 of agricultural land for Anjouan and 460 per km2 in Grande Comore. 1.02 Notwithstanding its scarcity, agricultural land is the country's main economic asset. About 80% of the population derive their livelihood directly from agriculture, and the sector contributes nearly 40% of GDP and virtually all export earnings. For the most part, the sector is composed of smallholdings, including about 40,000 communal and private farms averaging about 1.3 hectares per farm. Farming techniques are primitive, fertilizers and improved seeds are not used, and agricultural and other related services are very poor. Production of basic food crops is particularly low and substantial food imports (notably rice, which accounts for more than 20% of total imports) are necessary. Poor farming methods and uncontrolled deforestation, resulting mainly from heavy population pressures, have caused serious soil erosion, and thus reduced even further the already limited productive agricultural land. 1. Unless otherwise indicated, future references to the Comoros in this report exclude Mayotte. -2- 1.03 Although statisticaldata are scanty, all available informat,n indicates that nutrition and health conditionsare extremely poor. It is estimated that one-half of all children die before reaching age four and most children suffer from malnutritionand intestinalparasites. About 80% of the adult populationsuffers from malaria, and very high indices of venereal diseases, tuberculosisand leprosy are also reported. The Minis- try of Health, Populationand Moslem Affairs is finding it difficult to cope with the situation,because of limited facilities and supplies, as well as a shortage of middle-levelqualified personnel to carry out health improvementprograms. Recent Developmentsand Prospects 1.04 Since independencein July 1975, and until very recently, Comoros has suffered from political instabilitywith successivecoup d'etats in 1975 and 1978. Immediatelyafter independence,economic conditions were extremelydifficult as a result of the temporarywithdrawal of most French budgetaryand technicalaid prompted by the dispute over Mayotte-s inde- pendence. During the period 1975-1978, the administrationof public institutionsweakened dramaticallyand public serviceswere either sharply reduced or suspendedaltogether. Health and education services suffered the most, with public health deterioratingrapidly and the school system being disruptedby the temporaryclosing of schools. 1.05 After the present Government took power in 1978, the French Governmentresumed budgetary support and technicalassistance, and the economy of the Comoros experienceda rapid recovery. It is estimated that GDP growth acceleratedfrom about 3.5 p.a. in 1976-78 to almost 7% p.a. in 1978-80. Agriculturalproduction, Government services and public invest- ment increasedrapidly and there were unusuallyhigh export earnings in 1979. 1.06 The economic improvementallowed the Government to proceed to a rapid restorationof the administrativesystem. At independence,the civil service,with some 5,000 employees (includingpermanent civil ser- vants, contractualworkers and daily paid labor), was the largest employer (about one-thirdof total wage employment). In 1977, because of budgetary constraints,the Government dismissedabout 3,500 employees, seriously hampering the administrativeprocess. After 1978, administrationwas decentralizedand Governors
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