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Case Study: Comoros
24 Fishery Exports and the Economic Development of LDCs: Chapter 6 Case study: Comoros Overview The Comoros is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa, with a total population of about 734,900 in 2013 (World Bank, 2017a). Following independence in 1975, the country experienced a number of changes of Government; political stability has improved since 2009, enhancing prospects for economic development. As in many African LDCs, the population is young, and creating remunerative employment opportunities for new entrants to the labour force is a major challenge. Fishing is the second most important sector of the economy after agriculture, accounting in 2013 for 10 per cent of employment and 8 per cent of GDP (Cofrepeche et al., 2013). The share of the fishing sector in GDP decreased from 15 per cent in 2010 to 8 per cent in 2013, indicating the informal and subsistence nature of the sector and its vulnerability to shocks. The poverty reduction and growth strategy of the Government for 2010–2014 prioritized the sector (International Monetary Fund, 2010). Artisanal and industrial fishing at present operate entirely separately, to a greater extent even than in most LDCs. All domestic fishing operations are artisanal, and industrial fishing is fully conducted by distant water fishing nations. Foreign vessels, mainly purse seine vessels from France and Spain, fish offshore for several varieties of tuna and swordfish. Fish caught by distant water fishing nations are not landed in the Comoros due to the lack of infrastructure and processing facilities, and there are no exports from domestic fishers. -
Tax Bill Composition
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Labor Income Taxation in a Globalizing World: 1980-2012 Author(s): Strecker, Nora Publication Date: 2017 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010852381 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH No. 24020 Labor Income Taxation in a Globalizing World: 1980-2012 A thesis submitted to attain the degree of Doctor of Sciences of ETH Zurich (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by NORA MARGOT STRECKER Master of Arts in Economics New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science born on July 29, 1986 citizen of Germany accepted on the recommendation of Professor Peter H. Egger, ETH Zurich, examiner Professor Georg Wamser, University of T¨ubingen,co-examiner 2017 Acknowledgments Words can hardly express the debt of gratitude I owe Professor Peter Egger for giving me the opportunity to work with him and his team at the Chair of Applied Economics: Innovation and Internationalization at ETH Zurich and to complete this dissertation. The research environment at his Chair has produced wonderful interactions, fostered great relationships with my co-authors and colleagues, and greatly advanced both my work and my research. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. I also want to thank my thesis committee, Professors Georg Wamser of the University of T¨ubin- gen and Marko K¨othenb¨urgerof ETH Zurich, for taking the time to read and comment on the dissertation presented here. -
Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros
TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS Public Disclosure Authorized UNION OF COMOROS Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS i CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSOs Civil Society Organizations DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment DPO Development Policy Operation ECP Economic Citizenship Program EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INRAPE National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Fisheries, and the Environment LICs Low-income Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NGOs Non-profit Organizations PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PPP Public/Private Partnerships R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SOEs State-Owned Enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TFP Total Factor Productivity WDI World Development Indicators WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank members of the Comoros Country Team from all Global Practices of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as the many stakeholders in Comoros (government authorities, think tanks, academia, and civil society organizations, other development partners), who have contributed to the preparation of this document in a strong collaborative process (see Annex 1). We are grateful for their inputs, knowledge and advice. This report has been prepared by a team led by Carolin Geginat (Program Leader EFI, AFSC2) and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez (Country Economist, GMTA4). -
Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2012-2013 Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region
Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2012-2013 Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2012-2013 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2012-2013 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of commercial names and products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of the United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. References to dollars ($) are to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated. The opinions expressed in this technical material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations secretariat. E/ESCWA/EDGD/2013/3 ISSN. 0255-5123 ISBN-13: 978-92-1-128363-1 e-ISBN. 978-92-1-056276-8 13-0141 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.13.II.L.6 iii Survey of Economic and Social Developments in the Arab Region 2012-2013 Preface Preface It is a well-known fact that, despite sharing common social and cultural traits, Arab countries are characterized by economic and social diversity. While efforts for Arab regional integration are not new, the difference in natural resource endowments, particularly of crude oil and natural gas, has resulted in different development paths for countries of the Arab region. -
Unsettling State: Non-Citizens, State Power
UNSETTLING STATE: NON-CITIZENS, STATE POWER AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES by Noora Anwar Lori A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Baltimore, Maryland October, 2013 ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines the development and enforcement of citizenship and immigration policies in the United Arab Emirates in order to revisit an enduring puzzle in comparative politics: why are resource-rich states resiliently authoritarian? The dominant explanation for the ‘oil curse’ assumes that authoritarianism emerges because regimes ‘purchase’ the political acquiescence of their citizens by redistributing rents. However, prior to the redistribution of rents comes the much more fundamental question of who will be included in the group of beneficiaries. I argue that oil facilitates the creation of authoritarian power structures because when political elites gain control over fixed assets, they can more effectively erect high barriers to political incorporation. By combining stringent citizenship policies with temporary worker programs, political elites develop their resources while concentrating the redistribution of assets to a very small percentage of the total population. In the UAE, this policy combination has been so effective that non-citizens now comprise 96 percent of the domestic labor force. The boundaries of the UAE’s citizenry became increasingly stringent as oil production was converted into revenue in the 1960s. Since oil reserves are unevenly distributed across the emirates, the political elites who signed concessions with successful oil prospectors have since monopolized control over the composition of the citizenry. As a result, domestic minorities who were previously incorporated by smaller emirates who did not discover oil have since been excluded from the citizenry. -
Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ISBN 978 92 4 151355 5 http://www.who.int/healthinfo/universal_health_coverage/report/2017/en/ Public Disclosure Authorized Tracking Universal Health Coverage: http://www.worldbank.org/health 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report ISBN 978-92-4-151355-5 © World Health Organization and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO or The World Bank endorse any specic organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo or The World Bank logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO) or The World Bank. WHO and The World Bank are not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. -
INTRODUCTION However, the Number of AIDS-Related Deaths Has Fallen by 42% (UNAIDS, 2014)
Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com International Journal of Development Research ISSN: 2230-9926 Vol. 11, Issue, 04, pp. 45903-45907, April, 2021 https://doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.21455.04.2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS FACTORS BLOCKING THE GOOD CARE OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN MADAGASCAR Niaina Zakaria Rodolphe Andriamifidison1, Alfakihi Ahmed Said Ismail2, Fidiniaina Mamy Randriatsarafara3, Zafindrasoa Domoina Rakotovao-Ravahatra4, Léa Raobela5, El-C. Julio Rakotonirina1 and Rivo Andry Rakotoarivelo6 1Analakely University Hospital Center for Care and Public Health. Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; 3National Institute of Public and Community Health Mahamasina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; 4University Hospital of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana. Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; 5University Hospital of Ravoahangy Andrianavalona. Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; 6Faculty of Medicine, University of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This study consists of identifying the problems of care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). This Received 20th January, 2021 is a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study including all referring doctors. The Received in revised form median age was 51 years with a sex ratio of 1. The median year of specific HIV training was 10 14th February, 2021 years. Each doctor takes care of an average of 34.7 PLHIV [range: 0-320], 94% of the 903 Accepted 06th March, 2021 th PLHIV followed were on first-line treatment. Stock-outs of first-line molecules were the most Published online 13 April, 2021 frequent cause of change in treatment regimen by 50% of physicians. -
A Partner of Choice for the Eastern Africa We Want
THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK A Partner of Choice for the Eastern Africa we want The African Development Bank A Partner of Choice for the Eastern Africa we want THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK A PARTNER OF CHOICE FOR THE EASTERN AFRICA WE WANT THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP This report has been prepared by the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group. Designations employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the institution concerning the legal status of any country, or the limitation of its frontier. While efforts have been made to present reliable information, the AfDB accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of its use. Vice President: Zondo Sakala Regional Director (EARC): Gabriel Negatu Lead Economist: Stefan Muller Regional Integration Specialist: Robert Rudy Consultants: Andy Dijkerman, James Adams Copyright 2014 — AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Photo Credits: AfDB photo fi les. PUBLISHED BY African Development Bank Group - East Africa Regional Resource Centre (EARC) Khushee Tower Longonot Road, Upper Hill Nairobi, Kenya Phone: (254) 20 2712925/26/28 Fax: (254) 20 2712938 Email: [email protected] Website: www.afdb.org 4 | AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Table of Contents List of Figures ii List of Tables iii List of Text Boxes iv List of Project Showcase Profi les iv Abbreviations and Acronyms v Acknowledgements vi Preface vii Executive Summary viii 1 Eastern Africa — A Region on the Rise Aided by the AfDB as a Partner of Choice 1 1.1 A Region on the Rise 2 1.2 The AfDB as a Partner -
World Bank Document
Report No. 1626a-COM A The Economyof the Comoros July 26, 1977 Public Disclosure Authorized EasternAfrica Regionial Office FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Thisdocument hasa restricteddistribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties Its ccrtents may not otherwisebe disclosedwithout World Bankauthorizat on CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS End of period Yearly Average 1968 US$1.00 CFAF 246.85 CFAF 246.85 CFAF 1 = US$0.0041 US$0.0041 1969 US$1.00 = CFAF 277.71 CFAF 259.71 CFAF 1 US$ 0.0036 US$0.0039 1970 US$1.00 = CFAF 277.71 CFAF 277.71 CFAF 1 US$0.0036 US$0.0036 1971 US$1.00 = CFAF 255.79 CFAF 277.03 CFAF 1 US$0.0039 US$0.0036 1972 US$1.00 = CFAF 255.79 CFAF 252.21 CFAF I US$0.0039 US$0.0040 1973 US$1.00 CFAF 230.21 CFAF 222.70 CFAF 1 US$0.0043 US$0.0045 1974 US$1.00 = CFAF 222.22 CFAF 240.50 CFAF I US$0.0045 US$0.0042 1975 US$1.00 = CFAF 224.27 CFAF 214.32 CFAF 1 US$0.0045 US$0.0047 1976 US$1.00 = CFAF 248.49 CFAF 238.98 CFAF 1 US$0.0040 US$0.0042 FISCAL YEAR January 1st to December 31 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Foreword This report is based on the findings of a mission to the Comoros in November/December,1976 consisting of Messrs. -
Financing Global Health 2016 Development Assistance, Public and Private Health Spending for the Pursuit of Universal Health Coverage
Financing Global Health 2016 Development Assistance, Public and Private Health Spending for the Pursuit of Universal Health Coverage | | Financing Global Health 2016 Development Assistance, Public and Private Health Spending for the Pursuit of Universal Health Coverage This report was prepared by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) through core funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors. The contents of this publication may be reproduced and redistributed in whole or in part, provided the intended use is for noncommercial purposes, the contents are not altered, and full acknowledgment is given to IHME. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. For any usage that falls outside of these license restrictions, please contact IHME Global Engagement at [email protected]. Citation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Financing Global Health 2016: Development Assistance, Public and Private Health Spending for the Pursuit of Universal Health Coverage. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2017. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation To request copies of this report, please contact IHME: 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600 Telephone: +1-206-897-2800 Seattle, WA 98121 Fax: +1-206-897-2899 USA Email: [email protected] www.healthdata.org Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-9910735-9-7 © 2017 Institute for -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. P-3726-COM REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE Public Disclosure Authorized PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS FOR A PROPOSEDCREDIT OF SDR 4.8 MILLION TO THE FEDERALISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF THE COMOROS Public Disclosure Authorized FOR A RURALSERVICES PROJECT April 11, 1984 Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Comorian Franc (CF) (The CF is fully convertible into the French franc at 50 CF = I FF). Calendar 1983 February 1984 Unit = l'omorianFranc (CF) = Comorian Franc (CF) US$1.00 = CF 390 = CF 424 CF 1,000 = IUS$2.56 = US$2.36 CF 1,000,000 = US$2,564 = US$2,358 (The Staff Appraisal]Report is based on US$1.00 = 364 CF). MEASURES i meter (m) = 3.28 feet 1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 square feet 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.386 square miles ABBREVIATIONS AfDB = African Development Bank CADER = Centre d'Appui au DeveloppementRural CEFADER = Centre federal d'appui au developpement rural EDF = European Development Fund FAC = Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation IFAD = InternationalFund for AgriculturalDevelopment IRAT = Institut de Recherche d'AgronomieTropicale PPF = Project Preparation Facility UNCDF = United Nations Capital Development Fund UNECA = United Nations Economic -
Comoros's Energy Review for Promoting Renewable Energy Sources
Comoros’s energy review for promoting renewable energy sources Jean-Philippe Praene, Ali Hamada Fakra, Fiona Bénard-Sora, Leslie Ayagapin To cite this version: Jean-Philippe Praene, Ali Hamada Fakra, Fiona Bénard-Sora, Leslie Ayagapin. Comoros’s energy review for promoting renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, 2021, 169, pp.885-893. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.067. hal-03178707 HAL Id: hal-03178707 https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-03178707 Submitted on 24 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Comoros's energy review for promoting renewable energy sources Jean Philippe Praenea,∗, Damien Fakraa, Fiona Benarda, Leslie Ayagapina aPIMENT Laboratory - University of la R´eunion,117 Rue du General Ailleret - 97430 Le Tampon - Reunion Abstract At present, energy represents a key element in the social and economic develop- ment of a territory. This is particularly true for fragile territories that are not interconnected, such as small island states. As is true for many of the Small Is- land Developing States (SIDS) worldwide, the energy situation of the Comoros is substantially based on fossil fuel imports. The socioeconomic development of this archipelago is overwhelmingly dependent on energy security from sustainability, availability and affordability perspectives.