NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS FOR SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST GENERAL æNFERENCE JANESVILLE.WISC.
by
Morgan Dale Shepard
ATHESIS IN ARCHITECTURE
Submitted to the Architecture Faculty of the College of Architecture of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of
BACHELORfOF ARCHITECTURE
fâhjkirman of the Committee
Programming Instructor (ARCH 4395): Prof. W. Drummond Design Critic (ARCH 4631): Prof. R. Ritter
Acc^tjéd
J^B*—^M»irti*irtÍ^HB*i«Mi^^—^^PAi^4«W Dearír, Collêge of Architec^re May, 1988 National Headquarters for the Seventh Day Baptist General Conference Janesville, Wisconsin I would iíke to dedícate this program to my parents, who wíthout their love and support this would not be possible. Eflx Table of contents 1 Table of pictures & graphics 2 Thesis 3 Thesis Statement 4-7 Background 8 A brief history of Seventh Day Baptist 9-10 Statement of Beliefs 11-15 SDB Center hlstory 16-20 Case Studies 21 Kaskel Library 22-24 Franciscan friary 25-28 Site Context 29 A brief history of Janesville 30-33 A brief history of Milton 34-37 Site selection & analysis 38-47 Economic Prínciple 48-49 Actlvity Analysis 50 Space relationships 51 Offices 52-57 Ubrary 58-63 Museum 64-69 Visitors quarters 70-72 Computer center 73-75 Kitchen facilities 76-78 Chapel 79-80 Class rooms 81-82 Mailroom 83-84 Square fbotages 85 Patterns 86 Description 87 Sitepattem 88 Officepattem 89 Library pattern 90 Chapelpattem 91 Economic Cost 92 Costanalysis 93-94 Bibliography 95-97 Tabl© ûf PiGîyres &. Graphics
Ea. Picturel 17 Picture2 18 Picture3 19 Pictures4&5 20 Picture6 24 Picture7 27 Pictures 8 & 9 28 Pictures 10 & 11 32 Pictures 12 & 13 33 Pictures 14,15, & 16 36 Pictures 17 & 18 37 Graphicl 40 Graphic2 41 Graphic3 42 Graphic4 43 Graphic5 44 Graphic6 45 Pictures 19 & 20 46 Pictures 21 & 22 47 Graphic7 51 Graphic8 57 Graphic9 63 GraphiclO 69 Graphicll 72 Graphic12 75 Graphic13 78 GraphicU 80 Graphic15 82 Graphic16 84 Graphic17 88 Graphic18 89 Graphic19 90 Graphic20 91
How elements fit together and work are an interesting part of architecture. Looking at a machine or building and analyzing how it works or how it was put together is always intriguing. The quality of the materials or space is also something that always had meaning. An example of this would be a corporate headquarters. Are the offices and departments arranged so that maximum efficiency is achieved or are they designed so that each department or office is an entity unto itself but still part of the whole? Do the architectural details differentiate the elements but still tie them together or is the design monotonous? The answers to these questions provides an ideal focus of study for a thesis project. By dividing a building into smaller elements , the building takes on a more human scale, making it a more pleasurable experience. The design focus of this thesis is a denominational headquarters for the Seventh Day Baptist General Conference in Janesville, Wisconsin. This project is not a church but an administrative office complex that coordinates the day to day activities of the SDB denomination. This SDB Center contains eight boards and agencies plus a library and museum devoted to SDB writings and historical artifacts. This facility will also house a mainframe computer that churches can accesss when they needed information. These eight boards and agencies and their functions are: SDB General Conference This is the umbrella agency of the denomination made up of SDB churches. The churches contribute to programs beyond the scope of the local church and in turn, the GC provides services and programs to the churches. The GC owns the present SDB Center and acts as a property manager . The GC is headed by the Executive Secretary.
Hístorícal Society The Historical Society provides two basic services. They provide historical information to SDB churches and they maintain-the archives of the denomination which includes a museum and library.
Missionary Society The Missionary Society serves two main purposes. They send missionaries, in the SDB name, to establish schools and medical facilities in foreign countries and they provide financial assistance to smaller SDB churches for pastoral leadership. The MS is presently located in Westerly, Rhode Island.
Tract & Communication Council The Tract & Communication Council coordiantes publishing of SDB material. This includes the Sabbath Recorder; a monthly magazine dealing with SDB issues; Lead-Line, a leadership newsletter; and educational material created by the Board of Christian Education. The T&CC writes, does the layout and design of the printed materials and contracts out the printing and mailing.
Board of Christían Education The Board of Christian Education provides several services. They provide educational materials uniquely SDB such as devotional studies and sabbath studies for all ages. They also research material from other publishers and provide information to SDB churches. They provide leadership training for youth sabbath school teachers and conduct youth retreats. The BCE is presently located in Alfred, New York.
Council on Ministry The Council on Ministry provides theological training of SDB pastors. They provide scholarships to seminary students, as well as teach SDB distinctives of sabbath philosophy and SDB history and polity. They also provide training to lay pastors.
Memorial Fund Trustees The Memorial Fund Trustees manage the money that has been donated to the memorial fund. They provide loans to churches and scholarships to students. Their accounting offices are presently located in the present SDB Center. Executive Offices of the SDB World Federatíon This agency is administered out of the Executive Secretary's office of the General Conference. They maintain communications with SDB churches in other countries and arrange conferences to conduct the business of the SDB World Federation. The location of the SDB Center in Janesville, Wisconsin is based on several factors. The present SDB Center is located on a 3 acre site in a 13,000 square foot, two-story building. This building is becoming too small and the General Conference has expressed a need to expand. A complex of 50,000 square foot facility would accommodate future growth. Janesville is located approximately 100 miles north-west of Chicago, lllinois and 75 miles from Chicago O'Hare International Airport. Janesville is also located near Milton, Wisconsin, home of a major SDB church where many staff personel live and attend church. While this center has an international aspect, its primary function is as a national office requiring a geographic center in the U.S. Information for this project will be obtained directly from the SDB Center and its boards and agencies. Interviews and site inspection will be conducted. During this time space requirements and activities will be examined and defined. The denomination has no restrictions on the architectural expression regarding this project and this will allow indepth theoretical investigations. Case studies of similiar facilities and activities will be conducted in order to obtain a better idea of what this facility can offer its users.
 Briøf Hisîory of Søvønîh Day Bapîîsîs The following section is a short history of the Seventh Day Baptist Denomination. This section was taken from an issue of The Sabbath Recorder and intended to give a brief over view of SDB History Seventh Day Baptists emerged as a part of the English Reformation, organizing their first church in London in the mid-1600's. At least a dozen other Sabbatarian congregations were established at about the the same time, including Bell Lane and Pinner's Hall, but the oldest of them all, the Mill Yard Seventh Day Baptist Church, has continued, for over 325 years. The first Seventh Day Baptist in America was Stephen Mumford, a member of the Bell Lane Church, who first imigrated to Rhode Island in 1664. He joined Dr. John Clark's First Baptist Church in Newport, Rhode Island, the second Baptist church in America, where he led several other members to accept the Seventh Day Sabbath. Although the Sabbathkeepers intended to remain in fellowship with the first-day church, antagonisms developed and in 1671, seven members of the First Baptist Church withdrew to form the Newport Seventh Day Baptist Church. Soon, the center of Seventh Day Baptist growth in the New England shifted to the Westerly, Rhode Island, area. Other early churches were established in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and it was from these three centers that the denomination grew. A desire to expand the fellowship experienced at the several Yearly Meetings, and to organize for missionary efforts, led to the founding of the Seventh Day Baptist General Conference in 1802. Denominational work blossomed in the mid-1800's with the initiation of the first foreign mission, the beginning of publishing efforts, and an especially strong interest in education. A mission to Shanghai, China, was opened in 1847 and continued for a century until American missionaries were forced to flee the Communist occupation in 1949. An ambitious publishing ministry was highlighted by the birth of The Sabbath Recorder , the denominational periodical, in 1844. Determined that their children and the other children of their communities should be provided with quality education, Seventh Day Baptists founded academies at most of their major locations. Three of these educational facilities became colleges: Alfred University, Alfred, New York; Milton College, Milton, Wisconsin; Salem College, Salem, West Virginia. Stirred by the zealous Sabbath reform efforts of the brilliant A.H. Lewis, and undoubtedly benefitting from the evangelistic fervor sweeping America, Seventh Day Baptists enjoyed their greatest expansion, to date, in the nineteenth century when they grew to more than 10,000. In the first half of the twentieth century. Seventh Day Baptists have been characterized with the major Protestant denominations in America, in more recent years, by heightened interest in social concerns and church growth. Denominational offices were moved from Plainfield, New Jersey to Janesville, Wisconsin in 1982. "PeoDle with tradition" The Sabbath Recorder June, 1984
10 Sîaîømønt of Bøliøf of Søvønth Day Bapîist
The following section contains the basic beliefs of Seventh Day
Baptists. Seventh Day Baptists cherish liberty of thought as an essential condition for the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Therefore they have no binding creed to which members must subscribe. They hold, however, that certain beliefs and practices, having the support of Scripture and adhered to by followers of Christ through the centuries, are binding upon all Christians. Among these are the following which they hold to be fundamental. These statements approved by Conference are passed on to the churches for such action as the Holy Spirit shall lead them to take. It is believed they will be helpful in training the children in religion, in establishing the young people in fundamentals of Christian faith, in deepening the work of God's grace in all our people, and in making these essential Christian truths known to others.
Polity The Seventh Day Baptist denomination is historically, like other Baptists, congregational in polity, and desires that its churches and its members shall continue to enjoy freedom of conscience in all matters of religion. Therefore, the Statement of Belief here set forth is simply an exhibition of the views generally held by Seventh Day Baptists and is not
11 adopted as having binding force in itself. Matthew 18:15-20; 23: 8-10; Luke 22: 24-27; Acts 6: 1-6: 2: 44,45; Colossians 3:15-17; 1 Peter 5: 1-5
Articløs of Belief God
We believe in God, the one personal, perfect, and eternal Spirit, Creator, and Sustainer of the universe, our Father, who manifests a holy redeeming love toward all men. Genesis 1:1; Isaiah 25: 1-9; Palms 90: 2; John 4: 24; 1 Timothy 1: 17; John 3: 1; Ephesians 4:6.
Jesus Christ
We believe in Jesus Christ, God manifest in the flesh, our Savior, Teacher, and Guide, who draws to himself all men who will come to him in love and trustful obedience. John 1: 14-18; 12: 32; Romans 1: 3-5; Galatians 4: 4-6; Ephesians 1: 18-23; 1 John 3: 16; 2:2.
The Holy Splrlt We believe in the Holy Spirit , the indwelling God, the Inspirer of Scripture, the comforter, active in the hearts and minds and lives of men, who reproves of sin, instructs in righteousness, and empowers for witnessing and service. John 14: 26; 16: 7-14; Acts 1: 8; Romans 5: 5; 2 Peter 1: 21.
The Bíble We believe that the Bible is the inspired record of God's will for man, of which Christ is the supreme interpreter; and that it is our final
12 authority in matters of faith and conduct. 2 Timothy 3: 14-17; Hebrews 1: 1,2; 2 Peter 1: 19,20; John 20: 30.31.
Man
We believe that man was made in the image of God in his spiritual nature and personality, and is therefore the noblest work of creation; that he has moral responsibility, and was created for divine sonship and human fellowship, but because of disobedience he is in need of a Savior. Genesis 1: 26.27; Micah 6: 8; Psalms 8: 4.5; 2 Corinthians 4: 15.16; Ephesians 2: 4-10.
Sln and Salvatlon We believe that sin is any want of conformity to the character and will of God, and that salvation from sin and death, through repentance and faith in Christ our Savior, is the gift of God by redeeming love, centered in the atoning death of Christ on the cross. John 1: 29; 3: 4; 1 John 3:4; Romans 3: 23-27; Acts 2: 37-39; 1 Peter 2: 21-25; Ephesians 2:8.
Eternal Llfe We believe that Jesus rose from the dead and lives eternally with the father, and that he will come in heavenly glory; and that because he lives, eternal life, with spritual and glorified bodies, is the gift of God to the redeemed. John 3:14.15; 17: 1-3; 1 Corinthians 15: 20-22.42-44; 1 John 5: 11.12; Matthew 25: 31-34; Colossians 3: 1-4.
13 The Church We believe that the Church of God is the whole company of redeemed people gathered by the Holy Spirit into one body of which Christ is the head; and that the local church is a community of Christ's followers organized for fellowship and service, practicing and proclaiming common convictions. Matthew 16: 16-19; Colossians 1:18; 1 Corinthians 12: 13,14; Ephesians 1:22.23; 2: 19-22; Acts 14: 23.
The Sacraments We believe that baptism of believers by immersion is a witness to the acceptance of Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord, and is a symbol of death to sin, a pledge to a new life in Christ. We believe that the Lord's Supper commemorates the suffering and death of the world's Redeemer, "Till he come," and is a symbol of Christian fellowship and a pledge of renewed allegiance to our risen Lord. Matthew 3: 13-17; Acts 2: 37-39; Romans 6: 3.4; Mark 16:16; Matthew 26: 26-28; 1 Corinthians 10:16.17; 11: 23-29.
Sabbath We believe that the Sabbath of Ihe Bible, the seventh day of the week, is sacred time, antedating Moses and having the sanction of Jesus; that it should be faithfully kept by all Christians as a day of rest and worship, a symbol of God's presence in time, a pledge of eternal Sabbath rest. Genesis 2: 2.3; Exodus 20: 8-11; Isaiah 58: 13.14; Ezekiel 20: 20; Luke 4: 16; Mark 2: 27,28; Acts 13: 42-44; Matthew 5: 17-19.
14 Evangellsm We believe that Jesus Christ by his life and ministry and his final command to the disciples, commissions us to promote evangelism, missions, and religious education, and that it is through these agencies that the church must promote Christianity throughout the whole world and in all human relationships. Deuteronomy 6: 6,7; Matthew 28: 18-20; 4: 19.23; Acts 5: 42; 20: 28-32; 1 Corinthians 4: 17; 1 Thessalonians 5: 12-22.
A Seventh Day Baptist church is a voluntary fellowship of Christians. Each autonomous church decides (with the leading of the Holy Spirit) its own program and work. The churches have established organizations so that they can do together what they cannot do separately. These include the General Conference, area associations and boards or agencies that emphasize specific areas of ministry and missions. There is also a larger organization, the Seventh Day Baptist World Federation, which functions as a world wide fellowship of Seventh Day Baptist Conferences.
"A Baotist Church that's a little different" Pamphlet 10m-10/86-2nd. Ed.
15 ;DB Caoîar Histo y
The present SDB Center, in Janesville, Wisconsin, was occupied in mid-1982. The offices moved from the old SDB Center, in Plainfield, New Jersey. The old SDB Center consisted of two buildings, the "Rear Building" and the "Front Building". The rear building was the home of the Sabbath Tract Society. It housed the offices and printing facilities that produced the SDB printed materials. The building was occupied on April 9, 1922, six months after ground breaking ceremonies. The "Front Building" housed the administrative offices of the denomination. The building was dedicated on December 28, 1929, groundbreaking was on April 21, 1928. In the beginning of the 1980's the denomination decided that a new center facility was needed and Janesville was chosen over several other sites because of its central location in the U.S. and its proximity to Milton, home of the largest SDB Church The present building was chosen and purchased along with the furnishings.
16 Ground breaking ceremonies for the Seventh Day Baptist Building. The Publishing House is in the rear.
17 Seventh Day Baptist Building under construction
18 Seventh Day Baptist Building, Plainfield, New Jersey, with the Publishing House in the rear.
19 Seventh Day Baptist Center, Janesville, Wisconsin.
Museum display, Seventh Day Baptist Center.
20 21 Subject: Kaskel Library Hackley School Tarrytown, New York.
Information: 20,000 volume library for a private school with grades K-12.
Analysis: The Kaskel Library for the Hackley School in Tarrytown, New York is a renovation of an old auditorium. The importance of this library is the quality of light and space inside the building and also the arrangement of reading areas and stacks. The architectural firm of Keith Kroeger and Associates of Chappaqua, N.Y. was commissioned to turn an auditorium, designed in the 1900's, into a library for grades K-12. Kroeger decided to retain the existing structure of the building and build a "room within a room". He added a new structure that encircled the auditorium. This new structure left the space virtually open to the existing outside walls. Natural light comes into the space through a large Palladian window. Kroeger retained the chandeliers and used table lamps on the tables in the reading area. This use of light brings the lighting and the space onto a more human level. The space is lit by small personal lights on each table and not by large lighting panels. This design decision was a good one because it gives the library a more human scale because each person has his own light to read by. The large Palladian window provides ample natural light along with
22 many small side windows. Kroeger's decision to place the stacks on the perimeter of the space was twofold. The architect wanted to retain the large open area in the middle of the space so he placed the reading areas in the middle of the space and the book stacks on the perimeter. The architect therefore used the actual shelves as partial support for the balcony above which housed more reading areas and stacks. By making the shelves structural Kroeger was able to build quality sheives that looked to be part of the wall and not just metal shelves. The decision to do this gave a look of quality to the space while accomplishing several tasks at the same time.
Conclusion: It is my opinion that the Kaskel Library is a successful library. It houses a 20,000 volume collection in a space that does not seem small. The architects attention to detail through the use of natural light and table lamps brings a human scale to the space. The placing of the stacks on the permiter of the building I feel was also a good decision. By doing thís he could place the reading in the middle of the open space and also use the stacks to support the balcony above. The design of stacks as part of the walls allowed him to build quality shelves of wood and not metal shelves found in most libraries. I feel this is a successful library.
23 KA5KEL LlôRARV
an Subject: Franciscan friary Washington, D.C.
Information: Living quarters for catholic seminary students. Includes dormitory, chapel, and library.
Analysis: This Franciscan friary in a Maryland suburb of Washington, D.C. is a living center for catholic seminary students who attend school in the area. It consists of a dormitory, chapel, library, and places for the students to meet. The architect, Frank Schlesinger, FAIA, used brick and natural light to make this a special place. Schlesinger's use of brick brings a feeling of permanence to this complex. Friars feel at home at this complex where the most important space is the chapel with its tall bell tower. The dormitory is understated so as to bring out the chapel where the friars develop a relationship with God. The architects use of brick throughout the complex helps in tying all the different buildings together. Schlensinger's use of natural light in the chapel and dining room also make this complex a very special place. The architect's use of a sky light that runs the length of the dining room brings natural light into a space that the friars use all the time. The light is always entering the room at different angels making this an always changing space. Natural light also enters the chapel through high windows in the bell tower. This
25 adds a dramatic touch as light streams into the chapel from on high during religious services.
Conclusion: I believe this friary to be a successful work of architecture. Schlensinger's use of brick for a look of permanence and a common element in all the buildings plus the dramatic use of natural light make this a place a nice place to live and come closer to God. The dormitory, chapel, and library make this a complete place for a seminary student to live.
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2Ô 29 A Bd©f Jaossvill© HMmy The following section is a brief history of the city of Janesville, home of the present Seventh Day Baptist Center. This section was taken from the tourism guide of Rock County in which Janesville is the county seat.
Agriculture and industry provide a strong base for the city of Janesviile, but commerce and lots of community activities are also a part of the pride felt by residents. Perhaps best known for its sprawling General Motors plant, now employing approximately 6,900 people, Janesville has plenty of industrial diversity and vitality. It's home for such companies as Janesville Auto Transport, Seneca Foods, Gilman Engineering, Accudyne Corporation, and SSI Technologies. A Parker Pen plant employs 450 people, and Norwood Mills produces much of the world's high pile fabric. The Simmons Mattress Company is also located in Janesville. Janesville is named after a man who arrived in the area back in 1836 and built a crude cabin on the banks of the Rock River. Henry F. Janes watched as his homesite quickly grew into an industrial center. By; 1860, Janesville had 10,000 residents, making it the second largest city in Wisconsin at the time. Much of that early growth and prosperity is refiected in the many fine historic homes in Janesville. An outstanding historic district, covering approximately 20 square blocks, lies just behind the courthouse
30 in the center of the city. It represents all of the following styles of architecture: Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Bungalow, Second Empire, American Foursquare, Colonial, and Tudor Revival. According to the experts, this is "the finest collection of 19th century architecture m the state." The western edge of this distrct is marked by the courthouse, which is located on the corner of Main and Court Streets. Yet it's another Janesville asset which gives this community its nickname, "The City of Parks." Nearly 1,700 acres of parks offer two golf courses, beach and bathhouse facilities, picnic pavilions, an athletic stadium, boat launching ramps, ice skating rinks, an indor ice arena, 59 public tennis courts, softball and baseball diamonds, an arboretum with nature trails, and cross country skiing.
Rock County, Resource and Tourism Guide 1987 The Edgerton Reporter Janesville, Wisconsin
31 Modern downtown building in Janesville.
Historical building in downtown Janesville.
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Senior Citizen Center, downtown Janesville.
Historical Janesville home.
33 A Bd®f Hisîory of Miiîoû The following section is a short history of the town of Milton taken from the Rock County Tourism Guide.
You'll find plenty of history, recreation areas, and pleasant streets in Milton, Wisconsin, but don't be fooled by its quiet and graceful exterior. Milton is best known for its college and even though the college closed a few years ago, its an exceptional place to visit. Milton College operated from 1844 until 1981, serving students from all over the country with its liberal arts curriculum. Today, progress on the former campus is evident. Residence halls have been converted to comfortable apartment buildings, the library now houses offices and the city library, and the former student union serves as a clinic. Plans are also being developed to convert one building into housing for the elderly. Not far from the the former campus administration building you can find Goodrich Hall, Old Main, and Whitford Hall, standing adjacent to one another. Goodrich Hall, which served as a dormitory as early as 1857, now contains a variety of interesting shops and studios. It's listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Old Main is next door, and it now serves as the home of the national Milton College Alumni Association.
34 Whitford Hall, with its "Antiques and Uniques," is the only place in Milton where you C8m purchase antiques. It also offers everything from fine furniture to lamps, clocks, and quilts. You can't help but notice at least one large house as you're traveling through Milton. It's the Milton House, the first poured concrete building ever constructed in America. It has been a landmark in this area since 1844, when Joseph Goodrich created this unique hexagonal residence and inn. During a part of the last century as many as 25 stagecoaches would stop at the Milton House each day, providing a refuge in the wilderness for frontier travelers. It even became a stop on the underground railroad, with runaway slaves using it to hide from authorities as they made their way toward Canada during the Civil War days.
Rock County, Resource and Tourism Guide 1987 The Edgerton Reporter Janesville, Wisconsin 5
35 Whiteford Memorial Hall, Milton College.
Old Main, Milton College. Milton Seventh Day Baptist Churc 36 Typicai Wisconsin farm and countryside.
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Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin, Spring Green, Wisconsin
37 )iî® S©is©îiûin å Ainai¥si
The site of the SDB Center is on of the many critical aspects of the project. The site must reflect the rural history of the SDB denomination. Most members of the denomination identify the church as a small town church. A site in an urban context would not be an identifiable element in the design of a new center.
The site for the SDB Center will have the following requirements: Rural setting Rural Context
Rural Settina The site should have a rural setting. A site that is not in the downtown setting but with trees and nature surrounding the entire complex. The site should have a casual atmosphere and a rural setting would achieve this.
Rural Context A site in a rural context would remove the center from the hustle and bustle of the city. The center would be located in a casual and quiet atmosphere. Staff members and visitors would live in either the city or out in the country side near the center. Locating the center near a small town would give the center staff a place to live without being in the country.
Siíe The site is a 39 acre wooded lot located 7 miles north of Milton, Wisconsin in a rural context. The lot is located next to the Milton
38 SDB church camp. Milton is the home of the largest SDB congregation in the denomination. Mllton is located 7 miles north-west of Janesville. Most of the staff personnel live in Milton and the denomination recognizes Milton as the home of the SDB Center and not Janesville. An added attraction to this site is that the lot could either be donated to the denomination by the Milton church or sold to them at an attractive price. This site will have a retreat atmosphere. Staff and visitors will come to the center and feel removed from the hustle and bustle of Janesville. Staff members will be able to work in a serene atmosphere where they will be able to guide the growth of the denomination. Visitors will be able to come to the center and feel that this is a special place because of its location in a quiet and natural setting.
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The funds for the construction of this project will come from the denomination. Funds will be raised in several ways: 1) Donations made to the General Conference for the construction of a new SDB Center; 2) A loan from the Memorial Fund Trustees. When the last SDB Center was purchased the General Conference tood up donations from any Seventh Dat Baptist who wanted to give for that project. All or most of the mqney was collected in this way. The other method of raising funds for this project will be through a loan from the Memorial Fund Trustee Board. This board would loan money to the General Conference for the construction. The loan would be paid back to the Memorial Fund board at a very attractive time rate and at a reduced interest rate. The land for this project would come from the Milton SDB Church. The church could either donate the land to the General Conference or sell it to them at a reduced price.
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50 51 The offices of the SDB Center will conduct the business of the
SDB Denomination. These agencies work both independent of each other and also work with each other. Each office will have its own area while at the same time be in direct contact with the other agencies that relate to it. The offices should reflect the work that is done by the denomination. A typical office environment will exist but will also have the atmosphere of a religious organization. Some of the agencies are of a management or financial nature while other agencies minister to the spiritual needs of the denomination. These agencies need to have their own identities but also need to relate to each other. A very delicate balance needs to be reached so these two different aspects of the denomination can work together. Desk top computers and direct access to the mainframe computer will be one of the integral instruments in tying the different agencies together. The boards and agencies that will occupy the office area are: SDB General Conference; Historical Society; Missionary Society; Tract & Communication Council; Board of Christian Education; Council on Ministry; Memorial Fund Trustees; Executive Offices of the SDB World Federation. These boards and agencies have been described and their functions explained in the Thesis Statement. The following is a repeat of that section dealing with the SDB's boards and agencies and the additional areas that go with them.
52 General ReceDtion
Reception of the general public and visitors should be a pleasant place. This area should be directly accessible to the parking area. There should be only one entrance so that security can be easily monitored. The reception area should also serve as meeting place for visitors, who will gather here before going on into the proper office area. All other public areas should be directly accessible from the reception area. The reception area should be able to function independent of the other office areas. All movement should originate or terminate from this point.
SDB General Conference This is the umbrella agency of the denomination made up of SDB churches. The Executive Secretary coordinates the activities of the boards and agencies through his office and his asministrative assisants.
Historical Societv The Historical Society provides two basic services. They provide historical information to SDB churches and they maintain the archives of the denomination which includes a museum and library. Activities are directed by a full time historian with clerical support by the General Conference.
53 Missionarv SQcietv The Missionary Society serves two main purposes. They send missionaries, in the SDB name, to establish schools and medical facilities in foreign countries and they provide money to SDB churches for pastoral leadership. The MS is presently located in Westerly, Rhode Island. The offices and staff will be moved to the new center.
Tract & Communication Council The Tract & Communication Council provides publishing of SDB material. This includes the Sabbath Recorder, a monthly magazine dealing with the SDB General Conference, Lead-Line, a leadership newsletter, and material created by the Board of Christian Education. The T&CC does the layout and design of the printed materials but contracts out the actual printing. The editor requires an office and layout space for develoment of publications.
Board of Christían Education The Board of Christian Education provides several services. They provide educational materials uniquely SDB such as devotional studies and sabbath studies for all ages. They also research material from other publishers and provide information to SDB churches. They provide leadership training for youth sabbath school teachers and are responsible
54 for youth retreats. The BCE is presently located in Alfred, N.Y. This office and staff will be moved to the new center.
Council on Ministry
The Council on Ministry provides training of SDB pastors. They provide scholarships to seminary students, teach SDB distinctives of sabbath philosophy and SDB history and polity. They also provide training to lay pastors. They will require and office for the director and space for assistants.
Memorial Fund Trustees The Memorial Fund Trustees manage the financial resources that has been donated to the memorial fund. They provide loans to churches and scholarships to students. Their accounting offices are presently located in the present SDB Center. Office space and computer facilities are required for the function of denominational actvity.
Executive Offices of the SDB World Federation This agency is administered out of the Executive Secretary's office of the General Conference. They maintain communications with international SDB churches and arrange conferences in order to handle their business needs.
55 Security
This area will house all the security monitoring equipment of the offices. The area should not be visible to the public but have easy access to the entire office area for fast response.
Custodial Rooms
This space should be placed strategically in the office area as needed. These rooms will store cleaning equipment and other related items for the custodian to use.
Parking Parking should be located directly adjacent to the main entrance to the offices. It should serve both staff and visitors and allow for easy delivery of supplies.
The offices mentioned in the previous section will all be located in the same building or structure so they will have convenient access to each other. All should be of an open or semi-open design with directors or heads of boards having private offices. All offices should have sufficient lighting and HVAC to accommodate office work. Computer terminals should be provided in each office and the should be connected to the main frame computer located in the computer center.
56 C.R.- Custodial Room 57 Library The library will be one of the most heavily used areas within the complex. It will house the SDB denominational collection of literature, memorborabila, and other related items. The library will be utilized by visitors to the center for research of church history and for the summer seminary students. The library will also allow local visitors to use the facility to find out more about the SDB denomination and its history.
Activities Analvsis Required Spaces; General Reception Circulation Reference Department Card Cataiog Audio/Visual Library Specíal Collections General Bookstacks Study Carrels Administrative Offices Receiving/Shipping Custodial Rooms Security Parking
58 Librarv Reception
The reception of the general public and visitors will occur at this point. This area should be directly accessible to the parking area. There should be only one entrance so that security can be carefully monitored. The reception area should also seve as meeting place for visitors, who will gather here before going on into the library proper. AII other public areas should be directly accessible form the reception area. The reception area should be able to function independent of the other library areas. All movement should originate or terminate from this point. This is the first area that visitors will see, so it should be a pleasant area.
Circulation
The circulation department is where books can be checked out of the library and returned. This area should be close to the general reception area to allow for easy access to people coming and going.
R$f$rgng$ D$pt. This department should be located adjacent to the general reception. Visitors to the library will inquire here as to where services can be found in the main library. Librahans should be able to monitor the main library area from this area.
59 Card Catatloo
The card catalog should be located next to the reference department so librarians can direct visitors to this area. This area should also be located asjacent to the general bookstacks so visitors can go straight from the card catalog to the stacks.
Audio/Visual Library The audio/visual library will be the place for storage and use of video and audio tapes of the denomination. Special light control plus special electrical outlets should be located in the area. This area should be located adjecent to the general bookstacks.
SDecíal Coilections This area will house special coilections of the denomination, this includes volumes and items not in the museum. Special lighting and environmental controls will be necessary in order to protect the items. This area should be located adjecent to the general bookstacks.
General Seatino This is the main reading area of the library. It should be located directly adjacent to the stacks. Group and individual tables should be provided with sufficient light for reading and writing.
60 Comfortable chairs should be provided for long periods of sitting. This area should be easily monitored from the reference department where librarians are located. Studv Carrels Study carrels should be provided for visitors and students who require a greater degree of privacy than that found in general seating. The carrels should be able to be locked so users can leave materials. Sufficient lighting and electrical outlets should be provided for users needs.
Administrative & management offices This space will house the personnel that will run the day to day activities of the library. The area should be directly accessible to the reception area with the head librarian's office being easily accessible. The space should be adaptable to accommadate future growth of staff. Offices that need to be located next to the area that they administer should be dispersed throughout the library as required.
Receivinq/Shipping This area will be the point where all new additions of volumes to the library will be received. Books will be classified and prepared to be placed on the shelves for public viewing. This area should be easily accessible to delivery trucks. It should be hidden from the general seating area so as not to disturb visitors.
61 Custodial Rooms These spaces should be distributed throughout the library as needed. These rooms will store cleaning equipment and other related items. Sgcurity This area will house all the security monitoring equipment of the library. The area should not be visible to the public but have easy access to the entire library for fast response.
Parking Parking should be located directly adjacent to the main entrance to the library. It should serve both staff and visitors and allow for easy delivery of exhibits and supplies.
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63 ^^(ÍOJIÍI J ]
The museum will be one of the most used areas within the complex. The museum will house the SDB denominational collection of historical objects and memorbilia and other related items such as gifts from foreign missions. The museum will be most used by visitors to the center who will use it to learn more about the SDB denomination and its past. The museum will also allow local visitors to use the library to find out more about the SDB denomination and its history.
Activities Analvsis Required spaces: General reception Permanent & temporary exhibitions Projection & lecture rooms Administrative & management offices Archives Security Cleaning Information & orientation Conservation & museology Technical areas Stores & reserves Parking
6f General Reception
The reception of the general public and visitors will occur at this point. This area should be directly accessible to the parking area. There should be only one entrance so that security can be carefully monitored. The reception area should also serve as meeting place for visitors, who will gather here before going on into the museum proper. All other public areas should be directly accessible from the reception area. The reception area should be able to function independent of the other museum areas. All movement should originate or terminate from this point. This is the first area that visitors will see so it should be a pleasant area.
Permanent & temporarv exhibitions
This is one of the most important areas of the museum. Visitors should have easy access from the reception area and other entry points. Access to the storage and reserve areas should be direct but not visible. This area should be able to accommodate large numbers of people and allow them freedom of movement. The area should also be flexible to allow for easy change of exhibit area. The permanent and temporary exhibit areas should have direct access but also be separable. Security monitoring of this area is necessary without being obtrusive. Strict control over lighting and environmental control systems is important so as to protect the valuable collections.
65 Proiectíon & lecture rooms
This area is for lectures or presentations using audio/visual equipment. The area should be accessible from the reception area and should be accessible even when the museum is closed. The space should be isolated so as not to disturb other spaces. The space should be flexible to accommadate different functions and users.
Administrative & management offíces
This space will house the personnel that will run the day to day activities of the museum. The area should be directly accessible to the reception area with the director's office being easily accessible. The space should be easily changed so as to accommadate future growth of staff. Offices that need to be located next to the area that they administer should be dispersed throughout the museum as required.
Archives This area will house and display archives of the collection. Atmospheric control should be strictly controlled so as to protect valuable documents. This area should be easily accessible to the museum area for display.
66 Security This area will house all the security monitoring equipment of the museum. The area should not be visible to the public but have easy access to the entire museum for fast response.
Cleaning This activity will fall under two areas: cleaning of the museum itself; and cleaning of artifacts and documents for display. Spaces that will house the cleaning equipment of the museum should be dispersed throughout the museum for convenience of the cleaning staff. The area that will house the cleaning of artifacts of the collection should be located next to a loading area for easy movement of new articles being added to the collection.
Information & orientation This space should be located in or next to the reception area for easy public access. This should be one of the first areas that the visiting public should pass through.
Conservation & museoloQV This space will house the office that plans and documents all
67 the artifacts of the museum and their display. This area will be a prep area for new displays and a transit area for displays being changed.
Technical areas This area will include the heating and cooling units of the museum. This space should also house the central control point of fire control and security equipment.
Stores & reserves
Stores and reserves serve the same purpose but for two different aspects of the museum. Stores serves for the stocking of everyday items such as office supplies and janitorial products. Storage rooms should be dispersed through out the building as needed without being conspicuous. Reserves are for storage of museum pieces. There should be ample room for studying of exhibits by visitors thet are not in the public areas. This area should be adjacent to the permanent and temporary exhibit areas.
Parking Parking should be located directly adjacent to the main entrance to the museum. It should serve both staff and visitors and allow for easy delivery of exhibits and supplies.
68 Admin.-Administration Info.-lnformation Con.-Conservation Sec.-Security
69 siîors Qyaíl^n
Since the new headquarters will centralize denominational activities there will be a significant number of visitors; Executives, lay leaders, pastors, students, etc. Guest quarters will house the many visitors throughout the year. People from outside the Wisconsin area can visit the center with no concern about where they will stay. Seminary students who will come to the center for denominational classes will be able to stay at the center and not have to pay for hotel rooms in Janesville or inconvenience staff personnel at their homes.
Activities Analvsis Reauired Soaces: Living spaces Dining room Lounge Parking
Living Quarters
This is the space where guests of the center, many students to the summer institute, and General Conference members will live while visiting the center. Visitors will sleep and study in this space. Each space will hold 1 to 2 persons. Lighting and HVAC appropriate to living areas
70 should be provided to all of the visitors. Each space should be furnished with a bed, desk, chair, table light, dresser, closet, and extra storage space. If two people live in the room then two of each should be provided.
Dinina Room
This is the space where visitors and center staff members will gather for meals. People can prepare their own meals, as most staff members will do when they bring their own lunches, or meals can be provided by caterers or area church members who often provide meals for visitors. There should be adequate tables and comfortable chairs for a cusual eating atmosphere. Natural light and ventilation should be provided to enhance this casual atmosphere.
Lounae
This is the space where visitors to the center can gather outside of their rooms for contact with each other. The lounge should have comfortable chairs and couches so visitors will feel comfortable and welcome. Natural light and ventilation should also be provided.
Parking Parking should be located directly adjacent to the main entrance to the visitors. It should serve both staff and visitors and allow for easy access to the facility.
71 72 Cûropytsr C©oîar
The Computer Center will one of the most directly accessible agencies of the center to members outside of Janesville. SDB churches from around the country will be able to access denominational information from the center's mainframe computer. Churches that have a computer and a modem can tap into the computer by way of telephone lines, once into the Center's computer they can access membership information, denominational programs, and other church's information.
Activities Analvsis Reauired Soaces: Main frame computer Support equipment Administrative offices
Main Frame Comouter This space will house the denomination's new main frame computer. This computer will store all of the denomination's records. Churches throughout the country will be able to access this computer in order to gain denominational information. Special electric and HVAC should be provided as needed.
73 SuDDort EouiDment
This area or areas will house the support equipment for the main frame computer. This could include fire control, HVAC, emergency power, and security. These areas should be directly accessible to the main frame computer room.
Administrative Offices This area will house the offices of the personnel who work with the main frame computer. These office should be directly accessible to the main frame computer room. These offices should be open so staff members can work with each other without having to go from office to office. Lighting and HVAC suitable for office work should be provided .
74 íssíf.y" (o)[ní ]p(LQÍ (i[r ©©01]' ^(i ilíî @ ]©[h] [p)^ .->*.\s" Jnráé""'|3" 75 >h®n Fadiiîií The kitchen facility will serve two purposes: 1) provide a place where staff members can store and prepare their meals such as lunch or dinner; 2) meals can be prepared for visitors who are staying at the center. Center staff personnel can bring their lunch or dinner and use the kitchen to store and prepare their own meals. Visitors to *he center will have their meals prepared for them by either staff personnel or catered by outside people. Activities Analvsis Rgqujrgd spagg?; Food Storage Food Preparation Food Serving Food Storage This area should be where all food, that is served in the dining room to the visitors, should be stored. Food that is to be prepared in the kitchen should be kept in suitable refrigerators until prepared by Center staff. Caterers delivering food should be given ample storage space until their food is served. Space to store staff food should also be provided. Storage should be accessible to delivery and disposal of food stuffs. 76 Food Preparation This space should be easily accessible to the food storage area. This area should accommodate both personal cooking by staff personel and food preparation by caterers. Suitable ventiliation of food odors should be provided. This space should be designed for easy clean up. Food Serving Food that is prepared by staff personal for their personal use will bypass this area, while food that is provided by a caterer or being served to people staying in the visitors quarters, will be served in this space. This space should be directly accessible to the dining room and the food prepartion area. This space should be designed to develop with the dining facility. 77 78 The chapel is for daily use by the staff for speciai occasions by visitors. SDB staff personnel will use the chapel for weekly or daily vesper services. The chapel can also be used for special occasions such as weddings, funerals, or occasions that require an area with a church atmosphere. Activities Analysis Required spaces: Worship area Worship Area This space is where the staff members and visitors will gather to hold worship services . This space should be removed from the busy office activities. Special lighting, that includes natural and artificial light, should be used to enhance the worship experience. 79 80 The class rooms of the SDB Center will provide two services: 1) class room space for seminary students; 2) additional conference room space. Seventh Day Baptist seminary students that will come to the center for classes on SDB distinctives. This will occur only once a year for six weeks. During the rest of the year the rooms will be utilized as additional conference rooms for the boards and agencies and for special meetings that will take place over the year. The furnishings required will be tables and chairs. A chalk board and movie screen for multi-media presentations will also be provided. 81 82 lii Rûûm The mail Room is where ail the SDB Center correspondence will first arrive or leave . Its most important function will be distributing SDB information to persons who have requested it. The mail room will store and distribute pamphlets produced by the Tract and Communication Council, sabbath school lessons produced by the Board of Christian Education, and literature produced by any of the eight boards and agencies. This area will require ample storage space for printed material and a work area where mailings can be prepared. Scales, stamp machines, and other required machines will be located in this area. The mail room will be located next to the office area for easy distribution of mail and have its own loading area for easy delivery and pick up. 83 84 SQUARE FOOTAGES Offices 19,000 s.q. (38%) Library 4,500 s.q. ( 9%) Museums 2,500 s.q. ( 5%) Classrooms 2,500 s.q. ( 5%) Computer 2,000 s.q. ( 4%) Chapel 2,500 s.q. ( 5%) Visitor Quarters 2,500 s.q. ( 5%) Kitchen/Dining 2,500 s.q. ( 5%) Mailroom 2,000 s.q. ( 4%) Storage/Support 12.000 s.q. (24%^ Total 50,000 s.q. (100%) Reception, lobby, and conference areas are added into the individualy labeled areas as needed. 85 86 The following are ideas and graphics of how the elements of the Seventh Day Baptist Center will be considered. These graphics represent the volume and character of individual spaces. While these are preliminary ideas they are not the only ideas that will be considered. 87 HM^^MH I 1 1— , , Site Pattern The whole is not complete without all the parts. 88 isss ss sss""\sí s-/Sss"s * M s"s" " s "••••-' ' -s- ss " 1 s \s s s \ í \s ss.'^ s s sSS s s i •íssV'ís; s"""s^ss"s,s^ ^s ..^ ".,••):-," sss ^ s ss ,s ^s sss sj 0) o 89 Library 90 Chapel 91 92 cúêT m/hLm Initial Project Analysis Back Door Approach (Proposed Benefit) (1) Market rent/sq ft/yr $7.00 Gross Building Area 50,000 Sq/ft Building Efficiency Ratio 85% (2) Gross Leasable Area 42,500 Sq/ft Potential Gross Income $297,500 (3) Gross Income Multiplier 13.34 Total Project Value $3,968,750 (4) Project/ Building Ratio 1.27 Building Budget $3,125,000 (5) Gross Building Budget 50,000 Sq/ft (6) Building Area Cost/sq ft $62.50 (Justified Cost) This cost analysis is based on the assumption that the land will be donated. The rest of the project budget will be paid for by donations and pledges. The numbers were obtained from a real estate representative in 93 the Janesville area. This project can either be built in phases or ail at once. The denomination can build the complex as needed, such as building the offices first and then adding the museum, library, visitor's quarters, and chapel when needed or when they have the necessary construction funds. This option will stretch the costs of construction over a long period of time but the denomination will see the growth as they pay for it. This method is susceptible to changing construction costs that may drive the original costs higher than predicted. The denomination could decide to build the complex all at once. This method could provide a lot of unneeded space at the beginning that will not be utilized until a much later date. An advantage to this method is that the project can be built at one price. This means if building costs go up, they would have saved money. While both methods have pros and cons, the project will be designed so that either method will be possible. 94 95 MMMM^MMMM^ Museum Metcalf, Keyes D. . Proqramming for museums. Museum(Unesco), V. 31, n. 2, pp71-143, 1979. Library Cohen, Aaron , Designinq & space planning for libraries. N.Y. R. R. Bowker Co. 1979. Mason, Ellsworth . Mason on librarv buildings. Metuchen, N. J. The Scarecrow Press 1980. Metcalf, Keyes D. , Planning academic and research librarv buildings. Chicago American Library Association 1986. Off'ces Thorngate, Dale Personal interview 28 Aug. 1981 95 Seventh Dav Baptistg Rogers, Albert N. Seventh Dav Baptists in Europe and America 3 vols. Plainfield, N.J.: American Sabbath Tract Society 1910-1972. A Baotist Church that's a little different. Pamphlet 10M/86-2nd Ed. JanesviIIe, Wisc. Seventh Day Baptists, 1986. You can thank God it's Fridav . . .the Sabbath is coming. Pamphelt The Sabbath Recorder. Janesville, Wisc. Seventh Day Baptists, 1986. Wisconsin Resource and Tourism Guide 1987, Rock County Janesville, Wisc. Directions Publishing and The Edgerton Reporter 1987. Case Studies Canty, Donald. "Quiet religious community of diverse brick buildings." Architecture. Dec. 1986, pp.70-71. 96 Nesmith, Lynn. "Lining an auditorium with a library. Archítecture. May 1986, pp. 222-225. 97 Documentation Morgan D. Shepard Seventh Day Baptist Denominational Headquarters, Milton, Wisconsin. Thesls My thesis covers three areas: 1) Parts make UD the whole. As I stated in my program it is my belief that if you take a complex building or machine and break it down to its smaller parts you bring it down to a more human scale. An example of this would be a corporate headquarters. Are the offices and departments arranged so that maximum efficiency is achieved or are they designed so that each department or office is an entity unto itself but still part of the whole? By dividing a building into smaller elements, the building takes on a more human scale, making it a more pleasurable experience. 2) Context. Before beginning the design process an architect must first look at the context or setting that the building will be placed in. From this study the architect can key off elements that reappear consistently and incorporate them into their design making it easier for the people of the area to relate to and understand. 3) Honestv and slmDÍicitv of form and materials. Once forms and elements have been chosen from the context and incorporated into a design the architect must keep them as simple as possible so that they can be easily recognized. AIso they need to be honest with the materials that are used. If the exterior is perceived as one thing then the interior should also reflect that characteristic. Concepts The SDB Center id divided into three buildings: the main building; the museum/library; the chapel. The museum/library is the most public building on the site therefore I placed it at the end of the entry drive so that anybody who came on the site would see it and remember it. The main building is semi-public building and so I placed it parallel to the entry drive and obscured it partially with trees so that it sill could be seen but still hac a sence of privacy. The chapel is the most private building of the three therefore I placed it back in the trees away from the other two buildings. It is visible from the main building and the museum/library but surrounded by trees as to be secluded from the rest of the site. Main Building The main building houses the offices for the denomination and basically is the home of the denomination. Therefore I looked at the rural family farms of the area and used the gabled house form that is found in every house. I set up proportions to give a variety to the building sizes and I kept the gabled forms simple. The windows were designed from the outside inorder to set up a pattern and to accommodate for natural ventilation. The different buildings are set up at 90 degree angles to the road just as the rural family home is ohented to the road. Museum/Library I wanted the museum/library to be a very memorable building. Placing at the end of the drive contributed to this idea but the main emphasis is placed on the circuliar form. This form is taken from the large round barns that are considered special structures and are often historical landmarks. The building is twisted as it goes up inorder to avoid an extruded form and to give the building a more dynamic nature. Chapel The chapel is set back in the trees therefore I wanted it to reflect this setting. The chapel is a simple wood structure with glass inbetween the wooden members inorder to give it an open and airy feeling much like the trees. I used the proportions developed for the main building inorder to tie the two structures together and to provide a step up in space from an intimate entrance to a very high and dramatic central space. Process The beginning of the design process began with idea generation using 2"x 2" squares. From these ideas came organizing schemes and the choosing of the rural farm concept for the SDB Center. Early site development coincentrated mainly on shielding the buildings from north winds by placing them on the south side of the hill. The first prelim concentrated mainly on this point. The layout was a linear plan that followed the contours of the hill. The museum/library was place at the front of the site and was basically a one story structure. Design development changed a great deal after the first prelim. The main building took on a more clustered look but kept a linear organization. Proportions were created inorder to give variety to the main building. The location on the site changed to a more level area and the museum/library was moved to the rear inorder that an uninterrupted avenue of view could be provided and so that the museum/library could become a visual terminus. The second prelim reflects these changes and is basically the final design. Design changes after this point involved changes to interior circulation of the main building and changes to the museum/library. Site development that involved the creation of a outdoor space adjacent to all three structures was explored and a final solution was achieved.