fully) in the classroom, library and/or laboratory; we came by the latter as a matter of survival in ne­ gotiating the walk that leads down DINGBATS from the Quadrangle to Todd Un­ ion, especially in the wintertime. Those precarious steps now have DOOHICKIES railings. • One of our great laments is the rarity of letters to the editor that • The battle rages on! We thought crisp, sparkling writing, eagle-eyed voice an opinion, further illuminate, the title for this column had been proof-reading, definite opinions or disagree with an article in the decided in a fair and democratic about layout and especially cover Review. Even more rare is a male vote, especially since no one had design and color selections, and graduate in Nursing Education. The suggested an alternative. However, bedeviling the photographer. Al­ last issue brought these two rarities a letter from a man whose influence though she has been removed in together in the following letter from Richard L. Wawro, '57U, '59G. on our undergraduate mind is res­ title, her office is still next door "Thank you very much for the ponsible for our being in this partic­ which means we will not be de~ ambitious project you had under­ ular job (but not this predicament), prived of her helping hand when taken in the picture story about the may have brought the subject to the deadlines are omnipresent (as at student nurse. It has me feeling fore again. His letter reads in part: the moment), nor will we miss out quite homesick for 'Strong' and for "1 note with interest your deci­ on her scraps of ash,Ogdenesque the U of R Campus. sion to keep the heading 'Dingbats poetry such as: The article, 'Teach Me, I Dare and Doohickies' for your column in People who have minds that are You,' was quite a contrast to the the Review. 1 had felt that my for­ very neat other article and it too was very mer star student, Miss Van Home, And orderly timely. The committee undertaking had this matter under control, and Seldom get things published in a this study is stressing support for did not write; hence 1 can not fairly Literary quorderly. fading egoes of non-achievers. This open that question now. 1 shall not • The present college generation is is exactly what we have been trying tear up my diploma, as 1 haven't notorious for its ability to concen­ to accomplish in teaching inter-per­ the faintest idea where it is." trate on more than one thing at a sonal relationships as applied to "But 'Assorted Kudos' is some­ time. We witnessed a remarkable Psychiatric Nursing. All behavior is thing else ... 'Kudos' is a Greek demonstration of this cerebral am­ meaningful and we communicate noun meaning 'glory: It is singular bidexterity the other evening dur­ feelings both verbally and most of­ and in English has no plural. It is ing a rehearsal for the 1963 Jesters~ ten non-verbally. When we can pick also indivisible in meaning and the show, "Knit Me a Plaid Jeep." The up the 'cues' about these non-verbal word 'assorted' has no meaning with elderly senator's line read, "1 want communications with children, we it. It does not refer to something to compliment you; you are a per­ will not be spending as much money made up of pieces like assorted fect gentleman, a true soldier." to care for these people in some candy. May I urgently suggest a However, in the direct line of vision type of psychiatric institution or change in this part of your title?" of the young man playing the role penal institution." If you had ever taken a course in was a most comely coed, her ber­ creative writing back in the 30's • UR alumni had no trouble in muda shorts - clad legs demurely and 40's, you will have recognized solving line U of the Double Cros­ crossed. Obviously he was thinking the writer to be Richard L. Greene, tic in the April 13 issue of the of two things at once for the line '26, now a professor of English at Saturday Review. The five-letter came out "... you are a true gentle­ Wesleyan University. president of the University of Roch­ man, a perfect knee." They left the ester was of course, Rush Rhees. •A box of chocolate covered kudos line in the show. (if Dick Greene will permit us just • In the next issue: The academic this one more ungrammatical en­ • Are we pampering today's stu­ dents? College is supposed to make pageantry of a presidential inaug­ comium) to Margaret Bond, who, uration-an account of the installa­ because of a realignment of duties one nimble of mind and sure of foot for the journey down the pathway tion of W. Allen Wallis as sixth in the Public Relations office here President of the University. is no longer Associate Editor of th~ of life. The former we got (hope- Review. Even before and especially ~ A consolidation of the former Ka­ since having the title, Bondie has leidoscope and Quilting Club or­ contributed much to the Review- ganizations. -Lee D. Alderman, '47

ROCHESTER REVIEW. VOLUME XXV NUMBER 4. JANUARY/FEBRUARY INGTON, '58; CONSULTING EDITOR, CHARLES F. COLE, '25 • PUBLICATIO~~9~~~~~~~~=~~~~-i"/~~~~~:~~~;;~~~S)~~0~~SDEWD~~ODRB-EDORIS,WASH- PRISCILLA L. CUMMINGS '38GM '43M' GLADYS V HAMMOND' ', CKER, 28; DR. SERTL, 'S2U; HELEN G. v-.:AR R EN', '39N; DR NOR~AN J ASHE~:~;r:O~N w,. HAND,Y, '44; GILES F. HOBIN, 'SIE; MILDRED NEWHALL, '43, '46G; CLIFFORD A YEAR IN SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER NOVEM~ER/DECEMB'ER JANUAR~'F~8~40GM, SIM • PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER FIVE TIMES ALUMNI. EDITORIAL OFFICE: 107 ":"DMINISTRATION BUILD;NG ROCH~S:ERU~R~~~~OC:K/APSREIL,MAY/JUNE, AND IS MAILED WITHOUT CHARGE TO ALL , , . COND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

2 THE CHALLENGE OF AUTOMATION

EXCERPTS FROM THE 1963 SIDNEY HILLMAN FOUNDATION LECTURE BY THE UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF LABOR W. WILLARD WIRTZ

AUTOMATION is presently doing to jobs in the economy. I think that one of the false answers to this problem I suggest that we have no alternative except to accept is the proposal for a 35-hour work week. It is automation as a fact, as an inexorable force, wrong because it would result in price increases which and a force for good as far as the development of would make us uncompetitive in the international civilization is concerned.... The alternative to markets of the world especially, and I think there is so automation is stagnation as far as this economy is much to be done in this country that the answer concerned. The only way we can possibly maintain the is not to cut down the amount of work standard of living we have in this country or the time which people spend doing it. (higher than that of any other in the world which In the long run the only answer to unemployment, is becoming smaller and more competitive with each the only answer to the use of both machines passing year)-the only way we can possibly and men is that we will put this economy onto a basis stay out in the front-is by doing the most highly efficient where it is doing all of the things we want so job that can conceivably be done. That is the only much to do and which we can do to fill the unmet needs way we can maintain the standard of living which we still have. I don't propose to make this which is one of our hallmarks. a political document at all tonight but this is, of course, ow, in some people's minds, this is all there is to the purpose behind the proposal for a tax reduction, be said about automation, that it is inexorable, that we can stimulate the economy to the point that it is necessary, and that it can work out for the better. where it will increase demands for the things which men It is part of this interpretation of history that you and machines make. In one form or another that can't stop progress, which I happen to think is true; is the only long range answer to this there is. but then there is always the corollary advanced that you can't help progress or humanize it, which I MANPOWER TRAINING think is not true and does not follow at all from the first proposition ... that automation Even if automation does supply as many jobs as will be successful only as we attend to its human as it displaces, they are going to be different jobs from the well as its economic consequences, and that beyond that ones which were there before. They will be it will work most effectively in purely economic jobs requiring different skills. They will probably be terms if we take care of the human implications and the jobs in different places, and they will be different human concerns which automation creates. in a number of other respects. Iflhis economy were put to the full test of the use of its productive, 35-HOUR WEEK potential capacity today, we would fail in that test because we are short of the skills which are needed From here on out and for the next, oh, eight or ten to man the automated machines and for other years at least, the work force is going to be related purposes, or for other purposes in the economy growing one million people a year. But jobs have today. And on the other hand, the most significant, increased in the private sector of the economy in this immediately pressing thing that automation has done is country at the rate of only 175,000 a year for to virtually eliminate any increase in the unskilled the last five years. This is the story of what automation parts of the job mix in this economy.

3 automated, the technological economy, are such that that number probably ought to be doubled in the next ten years. There will be that many needs for people with the skills that college will bring them. It is both a public and a private job, the meeting of this problem of what to do about the effect, the impact, of technology on the needs of the work force in this country today. We are just at the threshold of the development of a public training program in this country. We have reached the point where we have to do something about this problem as a matter of government participation. But this is only a little part of the answer. Most of the answer to the problem has got to be worked out in the school systems. It means, in my judgment, more vocational education as far as those If you take all of the goods-producing industries who would otherwise be unskilled workers in the country-including particularly agriculture, mining, are concerned. That problem has to be met, and so what we call contract construction, and does the problem of training for the higher skills and the manufacturing-in the last fifteen years there has been professional competence which is also called for. a drop of a million~and a half jobs in that sector _ of our economy. While the work force has been going COLLECTIVE BARGAINING up like this, there has been a drop in absolute numbers of a million and a half-and over half of that Most of the national emergency disputes with has come in the last five years. And then about which this country has been faced in the last two years geographical areas: thirty days from today about 400,000 have been results of the developing pace of people will be working in this country in a different automation, because almost all of them have involved geographical area from the one in which they this question of whether men are to step aside are working today. Thirty days from today 800,000 when the machines come in and, if so, people will be doing jobs different from the ones they on what terms they are to step aside. Let me say are doing today involving a major difference as to you that I'm not sure that collective bargaining can far as their skills are concerned. You know, we grew work if we continue in an economy in which up in a way we hardly realize, on the idea there is a severe under-utilization of manpower. a job is something a man does all of his life, and now all You talk about featherbedding. Featherbedding is sheer of a sudden that isn't true, and the implications waste, but don't think of featherbedding as of it are very broad in their significance. something which reflects men's desires not to work; There will be about a million and a half people it reflects their desires-very strong desires- finishing high school this year or dropping out to work, and their concern about getting another job this year without any real know-how as far as making a if the one they have disappears. And much as we living is concerned, people who will not be going may not like it, it is a completely understandable concern. to college, who will be moving directly into a world If the economy were working today at the rate of work with no skills and in a situation in which at which it ought to be working, the answers to any there is virtually no unskilled work left to featherbedders could be short and sharp and be done. The unemployment figure in this country is ruthless, and they would be, "Get out of the way of the running at 5, 6 percent, but that is a delusive progress which is essential to the development figure; that's the figure for all of the work force. of a higher standard of living in this country." That's The unemployment figure for boys and girls, 16 to 21 bot the situation. An account is going to have who are looking for work, is 13 percent, to be taken of the fact that it is not the situation. and the unemplOYment figure for all members of This is the problem. You talk about compulsory non-white groups in this country is also 13 percent, and arbitration, or about breaking up the power the unemployment figure for non-white boys of labor unions. Last year we lost in strikes in this between the ages of 16 and 21 is 21 percent, because country about 19 million man days of potential produc­ it is among the minority groups and among the tion-that's waste, that's a serious, inexcusable loss. younger workers where there is the least skill. But that figure doesn't mean a thing until you On the other hand, what automation is doing compare it with some other figures. Nineteen million of course is to create an extra-ordinarily larger number man-days lost last year from strikes; 40 million of needs, demands for skilled, professional, man-days lost last year from on the job accidents; semi-professional scientific and sub-scientific personnel. and lost from unemployment, 900 million And here again we have a paradox, that where man-days of potential productions-42 times as much you've got a surplus-now, of unskilled workers in this as we lost from strikes. If we could get that figure country-you've got real shortages in some of of lost potential production from unemployment down, these areas. Only two out of every ten who finish then these problems that arise in connection with the fifth grade will go through college. As nearly as we collective bargaining would be infinitely less difficult than can identify it, the needs of the new economy, the they are today. Compulsory arbitration and breaking

4 up the power of the parties to the bargain are over man's work, or that this suddenly exploding superficial answers. We can meet these problems if we population of ours will prove that after all will put the economy back onto a basis where Malthus was right, or that a future generation will there is a demand for all of the services of people have its genes infected with Strontium 90. who are available. I think rather that the most serious portent of At the same time there is more that has got the future is that the geometrical accumulation of to be done, as far as collective bargaining is concerned, scientific knowledge that the world is now about meeting these problems. To me the most experiencing in effect dooms the great majority of us significant aspect of the steel strike two years ago­ to live in ignorance of the forces which will two and a half, three years ago-of the dock control our lives. strike of January this year, of the airlines difficulties You know, there was a very great safety factor which we had not so very long ago, and of most in man's being subject to what used to be accepted as the of the other labor disputes, is that immediately after laws of nature, laws which most of us could their close the parties sat down to work out by reasonable application understand. But now the better ways of meeting the problems of automation world's scientists have pressed on to a point where these and the like, because you can't meet these problems in laws are their playthings and where we, living those last thirty days of a contract period under now forevermore just one spark away from destruction, strike pressures, in a countdown kind of atmosphere; they cannot understand those forces or even communicate are too involved; they are too complicated. meaningfully with those who do. It seems to me Now, in various industries, you have the parties no overstatement at all to suggest that the sitting down together to work out these problems over continuance of the free society as we know it a considerable period of time. They bring in probably depends on narrowing the present gap outsiders, neutrals, third persons, public representatives­ between the knowledge of a very few about not as undertakers, which we have been doing in what can be done with the newly harnessed forces and the past, but as advisers and consultants in the earlier the abysmal ignorance of a great many who have stages of these cases. And they are working to make the decisions as to what should be done with out ways of peaceful reconciliation of any honest those forces. Already the scientists and the technologists stalemates which actually develop ... hoping that they have probably made war obsolete. They could will get the elements of an answer before conceivably do the same thing to work. the showdown, that of a strike deadline, comes. Now, I don't think they will, but I think the future depends-in a free, democratic, decentralized THE HIDDEN COST OF AUTOMATION decision-making society-on having a working majority of people in this country who are equipped to I realize that some of these things I have been cope with the question of that possibility, talking about have a considerable price tag. or those possibilities. More education will be expensive. A training program will be expensive. A Youth Employment Act AUTOMATED ANSWERS? will be expensive. And yet ... I would say to you with all of the conviction that I can summon to the point, Nothing we face demands of us anything we do not that every single dollar which is spent today have or cannot produce. But I realize, and it to educate or to train a worker, particularly a young concerns me, that we are more timid today in the worker, will come back many times over, field of the social and political sciences than we are in the for we too often fail to realize that the alternative is field of the physical sciences, where we are very to carry these people the rest of their lives. bold indeed. We are very concerned about heresy And that means a cost in terms of public aid, of today in the political and social sciences, unemployment insurance benefits, of institutional costs, and not in the physical sciences, and I sometimes of drains upon family and friends and private wonder what has happened since that period in organizations of one kind or another, a cost infinitely earlier history when it was the political inventors who larger than the cost of training them now to were the exalted men of their times and it was make them productive members of the society. the scientific inventors who were condemned for heresy. Not only productive members of the society, but The whole thing seems some way to have turned consumers; and perhaps more significantly in connection around and we are at the point today where we have with the point of costs, taxpayers too. to establish the same boldness, the same When I hear this talk about not passing debts ingenuity, in the area of learning how to control these on to the next generation, I can only cringe at the forces that we have in the area of learning realization that the worst possible debt we could pass on how to develop them. to the next generation would be that they I would say in conclusion only that the need in both would not be trained to know how to make a areas seems to me to be for an attitude toward living. This isn't somebody else's debt; it's a debt change, an attitude which views change as something of this generation, and it's one to pay. not to be opposed, and not just to be met, but to be seized upon with enthusiasm, an attitude which THE FUTURE views change as the essential quality of growth, which thinks of growth as the essential meaning of life, I suspect that the most serious portent of the future and which thinks that the future is a good idea- today is not by any means that robots will take which I do.

5 SO EPOLITICAL I PRESS

these roads were intended for peaceful purposes? Ap­ parently, Krishna Menon advised ehru not to pay heed AN AMERICAN ECONOMICS PROFESSOR whom I met in to the warnings sent home by the last Indian ambassador NIadras, told me that after two months in India he to Red China. thought he knew all the answers to India's vast array If one inquires among high government officials as to of problems, but that after one year he was convinced the reasons for the Chinese invasion, one receives a vari­ that he knew no answers whatsoever. After only two ety of answers. The most common answer is that ever months in India, it is wise to heed this American's advice. since Bandung, Red China has become more and more It is true that I met Nehru, cabinet ministers, ambas­ jealous of India's leadership of the Afro-Asian bloc. China sadors, governors, chief justices, maharajahs, publishers, struck in order to humiliate India and to make it clear high civil servants, vice-chancellors, and many other in­ to the Afro-Asian countries that she was the natural teresting and informative persons. However, these meet­ leader. More subtle reasons were also mentioned: China ings and discussions were only peripheral to the main wanted to demonstrate that the Himalayan Mountains purpose of my visit which was to serve as the first Niels were no longer a barrier to modern military operations, Bohr Visiting Professor at the Institute for Mathematical China had become deeply concerned about the fact that Sciences in Madras and to deliver series of lectures at India was moving too far to the right and was no longer the University of Delhi and at the Tata Institute for fertile ground for a communist takeover from within, and Fundamental Research in Bombay. Most of my time was finally China expected that the U.S. and U.S.S.R. would therefore spent in serious scientific intercourse with stu­ come to blows over Cuba and timed this invasion with dents and professors, with scientists of the atomic energy the American-Soviet confrontation over Cuba. Whatever commission, and with those state and national officials the reasons, the Chinese crisis has unified the Indian concerned with the support of scientific research. I am people to an extent never achieved before. willing to share my political impressions of India after a two months' visit, provided that it is clearly understood WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD in store? No one really that I have no special competence in these matters. knows whether the Chinese will resume their incursions The reverberations of the Chinese invasion cover every after the spring thaws in the high mountains or will be facet of Indian life at the present time. The daily news­ satisfied with last fall's demonstration of their military paper exhorts the populace to be prepared for every superiority. The Colombo plan (a plan drawn up by eventuality and to increase its exertions on behalf of the six of the so-called non-aligned Afro-Asian countries­ nation, the national anthem is played in the cinema Ceylon, Ghana, U.A.R., Indonesia, Burma and Cam­ houses for the first time, the publications division of the bodia) to bring India and China to the conference table Indian Ministry of Information issues pamphlets with is still hanging fire; India has accepted the plan in toto, titles like "China's Betrayal of Ind.ia," the separatist DMK whereas China has made some major qualifications. India party in the State of Madras (which clamors for an inde­ refuses to meet with China unless she accepts the Co­ pendent state and polled 25% of the votes in the last lombo plan in toto-whatever that means. election) has given up its campaign slogans for the dura­ My interview with Nehru on January 12 was sand­ tion and funds for "non-essential" construction (including wiched in between trips by ehru to the Palam Airport university construction) have been frozen during the outside Delhi to meet two hard-working proponents of emergency. the Colombo plan: the foreign minister of the U.A.R., Ali The Indians are still recovering from the shock of the Sabri, and the Prime Minister of Ceylon, Mrs. Bandara­ Chinese invasion-surprised that it ever happened and naike. In the a~tual interview, Mr. Nehru was clearly chagrined that the Indian army was so ill-prepared to pondering the strange turn of events whereby he was meet it. Nehru is never blamed for the misfortunes-he now being advised by two of his own converts to neu­ merely received bad advice, particularly from Krishna tralism and non-alignment that they must maintain a Menon. Krishna Menon, as former Minister of Defense, neutralist position between India and China. This was a is now accused of having appointed generals in the bor­ der region who agreed with him that China was a peace­ loving nation. The roads which China built near the border were known to India-but why be upset when DR. ROBERT E. MARSHAK

6 has been' handicapped by the jailing of its leaders!-and to public suspicion of both wings. In Kerala, the leading stronghold of the Communist Party, the communist rep­ resentation in the state legislature has been reduced by a factor of two. There is continuous Communist sniping SOF lOll at the American CARE Program (which feeds six million Indian children a day) and the strong Communist student group at the University of Calcutta makes life intolerable for the Vice-Chancellor. (There have been four Vice­ Chancellors in four years, the first three having died of heart attacks!) However, to me it is surprising that the Communist Party has not made deeper inroads into a country of such extreme poverty. (It should be recalled that the average per capita income per annum in India is $60 and that the per capita increase in the standard of living is 1.6% bitter pill to swallow and I could sympathize with the per annum; at this rate, it will take 250 years before the sense of frustration and annoyance which hovered in the per capita income in India equals the present per capita background of our brief meeting. income in the U.S.) I asked this question of many Indians Meanwhile, the national budget of India has been sub­ (including a taxi driver) and the answer usually given stantially increased so that the military posture of the was that Communism is incompatible with the Hindu country can be improved without cutting down on the religion. Certainly another element in the picture has major components of the third five-year plan for the been the willingness of the masses to follow Nehru's economic development of the country. It will be neces­ leadership. Parenthetically, many intelligent Indians now sary to raise taxes but it is hoped that the morale of the think that "it is time for a change" from Nehru's leader­ country is sufficiently good to do this without major ship and that a new dynamic leader should take over the grumbling. reins of government. The only trouble is that Nehru does The spirit of the country is buoyed up by the knowl­ not seem to have trained a young and energetic successor. edge that the U.S. and Great Britain provided emergency military help last fall with "no strings attached," and by THE CHINESE CRISIS has also had a strong impact on the expectation that these two friendly powers would Indian-Pakistani relations. Some Indians feel that the provide even greater assistance if the Chinese resumed partition between Pakistan and India could have been their attacks. Despite the gratitude for American aid and avoided at the start if more statesmanship had been exer­ the anticipation that more will be forthcoming, the In­ cised-Gandhi was opposed to partition-but that the dians have no intention of abandoning their policy of British had pushed this solution for ulterior motives. In non-alignment. While a weekly magazine called Link, any case, the tragic aftermath of the Indian-Pakistan the organ of Krishna Menon, constantly needles the U.S., partition was the Kashmir problem. It is generally con­ most intelligent Indians admire the U.S. and are genu­ ceded that the economic value of Kashmir is quite small inely fond of Americans. Furthermore, many Indians although it has obvious strategic value. predict that when the chips are down, the U.S.S.R. will A short visit to Lahore in Pakistan made it clear that support China. emotionalism is rampant on both sides of the Kashmiri evertheless, there is a strong consensus that India dispute. There are intelligent Pakistanis who say that the must maintain friendly relations with the U.S.S.R. as well Indians are stealing water from "their" rivers in Kashmir. as with the U.S. The argument goes that one must keep There are intelligent Indians who acknowledge that the the Soviet Union on the fence as long as possible despite Muslim ruler of Hyderabad was prevented from choosing the fact that Soviet military and economic aid to India the Pakistani side in the partition by the dispatch of is only a token compared to that of the U.S. It is argued Indian troops. The comparable attempt of the Pakistani further that, after all, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. are attempt­ army to prevent the Hindu prince of Kashmir from join­ ing to come to some sort of accommodation since the ing India in the partition is condemned in the same Cuban crisis and that India may contribute to this opera­ breath as an act of piracy. One has the impression that tion by sharpening up the distinction between Chinese after all these years of mutual recrimination, the only aggressive intentions towards "India on the one hand arid solution will be partition of Kashmir! In order to gain a the friendship shared by the U.S. and U.S.S.R. for India few thousand more square miles of real estate at the on the other. The Indian attitude requires a saintliness expense of India, Pakistan, a member of the SEATO on the part of the American taxpayer which may be diffi­ pact with the U.S., has negotiated a border treaty with cult to attain but is almost certainly worth the effort. Red China. In this Alice-in-Wonderland world, it seems appropri­ THE CHI ESE INVASIOI , it is generally conceded, has done ate for the "common friends" (the term applied by Indian much damage to India's domestic Communist Party. It newspapers to the U.S. and Great Britain) of India and has led to serious infighting between the pro-Soviet and Pakistan to attempt to persuade both countries to achieve pro-Chinese wings of the party-the pro-Chinese group a Kashmiri settlement. IR PHYSICIST, REPORTS ON THE INDIAN CONFLICT 7 WAY

That the UR's Investment Office has achieved an out­ standing record is proven by the fact that the net profits taken from the sale of securities during the last 21 years F THE University of Rochester's Investment Office had have amounted to nearly $28,000,000. As these profits a motto to hang on its wall, it would probably be the have accrued they have been reinvested in other securi­ I words of General Douglas MacArthur-«There is no ties, thereby increasing annual income. such thing as security; there is only opportunity." The «This has been possible only because our investment Investment Office must make the most of every opportu­ policy has been, for the most part, to buy only top quality nity. It is plagued on one side by a fluctuating market stocks," Mr. Tripp said. and pressured on the other side by the need for greater investment income as the University's total budget is burgeoning over the 40 million dollar mark. BEFORE THE University invests in a stock or bond, it is Sitting squarely-and firmly-between these two horns given a thorough and penetrating analysis by the Invest­ is Hulbert W. Tripp, financial vice president of the UR. ment Office staff. At least a month, sometimes as much "Neither intuition, Ouija boards, so-called inside tips, as a year, is spent in accumulating facts about a company. nor a 'go for broke' theory will suffice under these con­ To the information furnished by investment bankers and ditions," he says. «Judgment based on accumulated facts brokerage houses, the Investment Office adds the results will in the long run determine whether an investment of its own analysis, much of it done in personal interviews record will be poor, or outstanding." with members of the top echelon of management. Be-

The broad experience necessary for the successful manage­ ment of an investment portfolio of the size and complexity of the University's is reflected in Hulburt W. Tripp, who has fohn R. Tracy, senior investment officer, works closely with been responsible for the University's investments for the last Tripp as second-in-command in the department. He gained 22 years. A graduate of Harvard, he worked with New York hi~ experience in an excellent training ground, the Investment investment firms for over a decade, and was managing partner Office, to which he was appointed as investment assistant on in the New York office of H. C. Wainwright & Company his graduation from the University in 1956. The first Phi before joining the University's staff. His experience is called Beta Kappa graduate from University School, Tracy had upon by a number of industrial and banking firms which he planned to go into teaching, but changed his mind after taking serves as director. a summer job in the department.

8 Tripp explains it: "Perhaps the decline in market value is less than some might expect, since we have long emphasized growth stocks. Quite a few market analysts state that these stocks as a class have suffered the most. On the other hand, it is gratifying to note that during 1962, forty-one of the fifty common stocks held atyear-end increased theirdividends." Even the character of the common stocks held has been undergoing a change. Over the past eight years the Uni­ versity has been a heavy seller in chemical stocks and a heavy buyer in utilities, particularly in the Southeast cause the University is a non-profit institution, and and West. The search for good investment prospects because the information will be kept confidential, com­ extends beyond the United States. The buying of stocks pany executives have a tendency to divulge more than in companies in West Germany and Holland, which they would to an analyst from a brokerage house. might have been considered unorthodox just a few years The importance of these dossiers was never more ago, was in 1962 a demonstration of alertness to world apparent than last May. The market plunge of "Black market conditions. Monday" presented many opportunities for improving the University's portfolio if the funds were available. The University had the funds available in the form of a THE UNIVERSITY considers its endowment as a sacred high-grade backlog of bonds and fixed-income securities trust; there was a time when, to safeguard these funds, which could be converted readily. "Our department was it invested them only in bonds or in preferred stock of a in a good position," Mr. Tripp recalls. "We had done a lot top-ranking company. Because of inflation this view has of study; we knew what stocks we wanted to put the changed in the past few years, although the same deep money into. We thought we knew what we were doing, sense of responsibility to the institution still pervades and as it turned out, we did. But, in looking back, one every decision. Since there is no tax advantage in holding always wishes that more had been done." preferred stocks, these were sold over a period of six In spite of the strengthening of the investment port­ years, with the last going out of the portfolio in 1960. folio in the days immediately following "Black Monday," Investments in bonds have been concentrated in those the value of the portfolio at year-end showed a decline rated Baa or better, using Moody's Investors Service as from where it stood 12 months earlier. 1962 was the first an evaluation of quality. year in the last fifteen that there has been a decline. Mr. The choice between common stocks of either the ------~~t

For the first six months at the University, an intensive training schedule is conducted for new members of the investment The extensive library maintained by the Investment Office staff in cooperation with various banks and investment houses is consulted frequently. Checking a reference is Miss Eleanor in Wall Street. Recent graduates of this training program are T. Warren, assistant investment officer, who, from her years analysts Burt N. Dorsett (left), formerly a consultant to man­ of experience in the department and before that in brokerage agement in production and finance in various industries with firms, "probably knows more detail, history, and how things Booz, Allen and ifamilton, and Don W. Hessler, securities are done, than anybody else," Tripp says. The library also analyst, previously a member of the trust investment depart­ houses a Dow-fones teletype machine, here being consulted ment of the Union and New Haven Trust Company. With by fohn A. Weiss, assistant in the department, a specialist in them is Margaret McWilliams, assistant to Mr. Tripp. statistical analyses, especially oil royalties.

9 growth or glamour variety and bonds is not an easy one. accounted for only 16% of the total University budget. "I have been in this business long enough to know that The situation is made complicated by the fact that the you are going to make mistakes," Mr. Tpipp commented. use of income is in many cases restricted by the terms "Conditions and yields change, yet we must constantly under which gifts have been made to the University. In seek to improve our position and performance." many instances donors have not only stipulated that they The importance of making the right decision at the be used for particular divisions, but also for particular right time is illustrated by a comparison of the Univer­ functions within a division. For example, over half of the sity's holding in Texas Utilities common stock and Buffalo endowment of the School of Medicine and Dentistry must iagara Electric 2%% bonds. Both were bought in be used for special departments. January, 1950. The Texas Utilities stock was bought at The historical book value of the University's endow­ around 21 and at the time of purchase yielded 5.48%. ment funds as of January 1, 1963 was $84,141,469.55, Twelve years later this stock was yielding 19.43% based of which $17,123,834.08 was allocated for River Campus on purchase price and 2.03% at its current market price. Colleges, $11,239, 493.94 was earmarked for the Eastman The Buffalo Niagara Electric bonds with a par value of School of Music, $36,081,818.80 for the School of Medi­ $500,000 were bought at 102% or a 2.60% basis. The cine and Dentistry and Strong Memorial Hospital, and yield at cost price on these, of course, remains constant, $19,696,322.73 was available as General University Funds. but the market price fluctuated, dropping as low as 761,4. At the start of this year, the investments of $84 million In 1960 an additional $500,000 Buffalo Niagara Electric had a book value (cost of securities held) of $117,512,614 bonds were purchased at slightly over 80. The yield at and a market value of $199,593,517. the time of the second purchase amounted to 4.60% if "We are not heroes," was Mr. Tripp's comment. "We held to the maturity date in 1975. With the changing could not do it alone. We have an understanding and market conditions of 1962, these bonds were sold while cooperative Finance Committee and we work closely the Texas Utilities common stock was kept in the portfolio. with all segments of the University administration in order to keep abreast of current and projected educa­ tional needs. Ours is a responsibility to the present and THE BASIC investment philosophy of the University is future generations and we are always mindful that this to maintain a hedge between bonds and stocks which is an educational institution." have the advantage of growth for increased income. The fundamental patterns of this policy are determined by the Investment Committee of the Board of Trustees, but DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS the Investment Office has the necessary flexibility of action fOl: the day-to-day implementation of the policy. JANUARY 1, 1963 This poficy resulted in an actual income, or yield, based Book Value* Market Value on the historical book value of the endowment funds, of BONDS $71,582,356 $73,696,510 6.90% for the 1961-62 fiscal year. However, this income Government 17,376,157 17,707,686 Canadian 10,803,930 10,053,685 Railroad 747,537 672,000 Utility 15,553,035 14,919,977 Industrial 20,601,697 23,843,162 Bank Interest Accounts 6,500,000 6,500,000 SPECIAL INVESTMENTS 6,508,509 6,508,509 Leaseholds 3,175,923 3,175,923 Rental Property 320,000 320,000 Mortgages 161,055 161,055 Oil Royalties 2,851,531 2,851,531 BANK BALANCES 89,713 89,713 EQUITY FUND 2,182,137 1,466,646 COMMON STOCKS 34,045,502 112,661,697 Utility 7,363,803 17,340,625 Industrial 25,714,923 92,619,072 Bank 966,776 2,702,000

$114,408,217 $194,423,075 FUNDS IN TRUST 3,104,397 5,170,442 Two junior statisticians, Mary Peters (seated) and Constance La Curto, work with the charts which are kept for all securi­ $117,512,614 $199,593,517 ties which the University owns and for others under considera­ tion. Comparison between the statistics recorded on the charts *Cost of securities now held, and the performance of the general market often serves as a 'not historical book value of endowment. signal for a thorough investigation of the security involved.

10 HE HOLDS a position of power equ81ed by few occu­ pations in our society. His influence upon the rest of us-and upon our children-is enormous. WHAT His place in society is so critical that no totali­ tarian state would (or does) trust him fully. Yet in our country his fellow citizens grant him a greater degree of freedom than they grant even to them­ RIGHT selves. He is a college teacher. It would be difficult to exaggerate the power that he holds. HAS • He originates a large part of our society's new ideas and knowledge. • He is the interpreter and disseminator of the knowledge we have inherited from the past. THIS • He makes discoveries in science that can both kill us and heal us. • He develops theories that can change our eco­ MAN... nomics, our politics, our social structures. • As the custodian, discoverer, challenger, tester, and interpreter of knowledge he then enters a class­ room a~d tells our young people what he knows-or what he thinks he knows-and thus influences the thinking of millions. What right has this man to such power and in­ fluence? Who supervises him, to whom we entrust so much? Do we the people? Do we, the parents whose children he instructs, the regents or trustees whose institutions he staffs, the taxpayers and philan­ thropists by whose money he is sustained? On the contrary: We arm him with safeguards against our doing so. What can we be thinking of, to permit such a system as this?

...... ------.. Having ideas ~d disse~inating them, is a the production, testing, and acceptance of ideas; yet , rIsky busmess. It has always virtually all great ideas were opposed when they were been so--and therein lies a strange paradox. The march introduced. Their authors and teachers have been cen- of civilization has been quick or slow in direct ratio to sured, ostracized, exiled, martyred, and crucified- usually because the ideas clashed with an accepted set of beliefs or prejudices or with the interests of a ruler or privileged class. Are we wiser and more receptive to ideas today? For the teacher: special Jisks, special rights

ORMALLY, in our society, we are wary of per­ sons whose positions give- them an oppor­ N tunity to exert unusual power and influence. But we grant the college teacher a degree of freedom far greater than most of the rest of us enjoy. Our reasoning comes from a basic fact about our civilization: Its vitality flows from, and is sustained by, ideas. Ideas in science, ideas in medicine, ideas in poli­ tics. Ideas that sometimes rub people the wrong way. Ideas that at times seem pointless. Ideas that may alarm, when first broached. Ideas that may be so novel or revolutionary that some persons may propose that they be suppressed. Ideas-all sorts­ that provide the sinews of our civilization. They will be disturbing. Often they will irritate. But the more freely they are produced-and the more rigorously they are tested-the more surely will our civilization stay alive.

HIS IS THE THEORY. Applying it, man has de­ veloped institutions for the specific purpose of did Darwinian biology in the late 1800's, and as did Tincubating, nourishing, evaluating, and spread­ countless other discoveries inearlier centuries. Con­ ing ideas. They are our colleges and universities. As versely, it may confirm or strengthen the elements their function is unique, so is the responsibility with of one's faith. It will produce intensely personal which we charge the man or woman who staffs them. results: the loss of a job to automation or, con­ We give the college teacher the professional duty versely, the creation of a job in a new industry. of pursuing knowledge-and of conveying it to oth­ Dealing in ideas, the teacher may be subjected to ers-with complete honesty and open-mindedness. strong, and at times bitter, criticism. It may come We tell him to find errors in what we now know. from unexpected quarters: even the man or woman We tell him to plug the gaps in it. We tell him to who is well aware that free research and education add new material to it. are essential to the common good may become We tell him to do these things without fear of the understandably upset when free research and edu­ consequences and without favor to any interest save cation affect his own livelihood, his own customs, the pursuit of truth. his own beliefs. We know-and he knows-that to meet this re­ And, /under stress, the critics may attempt to sponsibility may entail risk for the college teacher. coerce the teacher. The twentieth century has its The knowledge that he develops and then teaches to own versions of past centuries' persecutions: social others will frequently produce ground-shaking re­ ostracism for the scholar, the withdrawal of finan­ sults. cial support, the threat of political sanctions, an It will lead at times to weapons that at the press attempt to deprive the teacher of his job. of a button can erase human lives. Conversely, it Wherever coercion has been widely applied-in will lead at other times to medical miracles that Nazi Germany, in the Soviet Union-the develop­ will save human lives. It may unsettle theology, as ment of ideas has been seriously curtailed. Were such coercion to succeed here, the very sinews ofour We have developed these safeguards in the calm civilization would be weakened, leaving us without (and civilized) realization that they are safeguards strength. against our own impetuousness in times of stress. They are a declaration of our willingness to risk the E RECOGNIZE these facts. So we have de­ consequences of the scholar's quest for truth. They veloped special safeguards for ideas, by are, in short, an expression of our belief that we Wdeveloping special safeguards for him who should seek the truth because the truth, in time, fosters ideas: the college teacher. shall make us free.

What the teacher's special rights consist of

HE SPECIAL FREEDOM that we grant to a and enforces it and (2) the public, although wincing college teacher goes beyond anything guaran­ on occasion, grants the validity of the teacher's Tteed by law or constitution. claim. As a citizen like the rest of us, he has the right to speak critically or unpopularly without fear of E GRANT the teacher this special freedom governmental reprisal or restraint. for our own benefit. As a teacher enjoying a special freedom, however, W Although "orthodox" critics of educa­ he has the right to speak without restraint not only tion frequently protest, there is a strong experi­ from government but from almost any other source, mental emphasis in college teaching in this country. including his own employer. This emphasis owes its existence to several in­ Thus-although he draws his salary from a col­ fluences, including the utilitarian nature of our lege or university, holds his title in a college or society; it is one of the ways in which our institu- university, and does his work at a college or uni­ versity-he has an independence from his employer which in most other occupations would be denied to him. Here are some of the rights he enjoys: ~ He may, ifhis honest thinking dictates, expound views that clash with those held by the vast ma­ jority of his fellow countrymen. He will not be restrained from doing so. • He may, if his honest thinking dictates, pub­ licly challenge the findings of his closest colleagues, even if they outrank him. He will not be restrained from doing so. ~ He may, if his honest thinking dictates, make statements that oppose the views of the president of his college, or of a prominent trustee, or of a generous benefactor, or of the leaders of the state legislature. No matter how much pain he may bring to such persons, or to the college administrators entrusted with maintaining good relations with them, he will not be restrained from doing so. Such freedom is not written into law. It exists on the college campus because (1) the teacher claims tions of higher education differ from many in Weighed carefully, the evidence seems generally to Europe. support the contrary view. Freedom does work­ Hence we often measure the effectiveness of our quite practically. colleges and universities by a pragmatic yardstick: Many point out that there are even more im­ Does our society derive a practical benefit from portant reasons for supporting the teacher's SPecial their practices? freedom than its practical benefits. Says one such The teacher's special freedom meets this test. person, the conservative writer Russell Kirk: The unfettered mind, searching for truth in science, "I do not believe that academic freedom deserves in philosophy, in social sciences, in engineering, in preservation chiefly because it 'serves the commu­ professional areas-and then teaching the findings nity,' although this incidental function is important. to millions-has produced impressive practical re­ I think, rather, that the principal importance of sults, whether or not these were the original ob­ academic freedom is the opportunity it affords for jectives of its search: the highest development of private reason and im­ The technology that produced instruments of agination, the improvement of mind and heart by victory in World War II. The sciences that have the apprehension of Truth, whether or not that de­ produced, in a matter of decades, incredible gains velopment is of any immediate use to 'democratic in man's struggle against disease. The science and society'." engineering that have taken us across the threshold The conclusion, however, is the same, whether the ofouter space. The dazzling progress in agricultural reasoning is conducted on practical, philosophical, productivity. The damping, to an unprecedented or religious grounds-or on all three: The unusual degree, of wild fluctuations in the business cycle. freedom claimed by (and accorded to) the college The appearance and application of a new architec­ teacher is strongly justified. ture. The development of a "scientific approach" in "This freedom is immediately applicable only to a the management of business and of labor unions. limited number of individuals," says the statement The ever-increasing maturity and power of our of principles of a professors' organization, "but it is historians, literary critics, and poets. The gradua­ profoundly important for the public at large. It safe­ tion of hundreds of thousands of college-trained guards the methods by which we explore the un­ men and women with the wit and skill to learn and known and test the accepted. It may afford a key to broaden and apply these things. open the way to remedies for bodily or social ills, or Would similar results have been possible without it may confirm our faith in the familiar. Its preser­ campus freedom? In moments of national panic (as vation is necessary if there is to be scholarship in when the Russians apPear to be outdistancing us in any true sense of the word. The advantages accrue the space race), there are voices that suggest that as much to the public as to the scholars themselves." less freedom and more centralized direction of our Hence we give teachers an extension offreedom­ educational and research resources would be more academic freedom-that we give to no other group "efficient." Disregard, for a moment, the fact that in our society: a special set ofguarantees designed to such contentions display an appalling ignorance encourage and insure their boldness, their forth­ and indifference about the fundamental philosophies rightness, their objectivity, and (if necessary) their of freedom, and ans-wer them on their own ground. criticism of us who maintain them. The idea works most of the time, but ...

KE MANY good theories, this one works for most of the time at most colleges and uni­ [ versities. But it is subject to continual stresses. And it suffers occasional, and sometimes spectacular, breakdowns. If past experience can be taken as a guide, at this very moment: ~ An alumnus is composing a letter threatening to strike his alma mater from his will unless the insti­ tution removes a professor whose views on some controversial issue-in economics? in genetics? in politics?-the alumnus finds objectionable. ~ The president of a college or university, or one of his aides, is composing a letter to an alumnus in which he tries to explain why the institution cannot remove a professor whose views on some controver­ sial issue the alumnus finds objectionable. ~ A group of liberal legislators, aroused by reports from the campus of their state university that a professor of economics is preaching fiscal conserva­ tism, is debating whether it should knock some control, of a teacher of religion who is openly ques­ ~ense into the university by cutting its appropria- tioning a doctrinal pronouncement made recently tion for next year. by the denomination's leadership. ~ A group of conservative legislators is aroused by ~ The managers of an industrial complex, worried reports that another professor of economics is by university research that reportedly is linking preaching fiscal liberalism. This group, too, is con­ their product with a major health problem, are won­ sidering an appropriation cut. dering how much it might cost to sponsor university ~ The president of a college, faced with a budget­ research to show that their product is not the cause ary crisis in his biology department, is pondering of a major health problem. whether or not he should have a heart-to-heart chat Pressures, inducements, threats: scores of exam­ with a teacher whose views on fallout, set forth in a ples, most of them never publicized, could be cited letter to the local newspaper, appear to be scaring each year by our colleges and universities. away the potential donor of at least one million In addition there is philosophical opposition to dollars. . the present concept of academic freedom by a few ~ The chairman of an academic department, still who sincerely believe it is wrong. ("In the last smarting from the criticism that two colleagues lev­ analysis," one such critic, William F. Buckley, Jr., eled at the learned paper he delivered at the de­ once wrote, "academic freedom must mean the partmental seminar last week, is making up the new freedom of men and women to supervise the educa­ class schedules and wondering why the two up­ tional activities and aims ofthe schools they oversee starts wouldn't be just the right persons for those and support.") And, considerably less important 7 a.m. classes which increased enrollments will ne­ and more frequent, there is opposition by emotion­ cessitate next year. alists and crackpots. ~ The educational board of a religious denomina­ Since criticism and coercion do exist, and since tion is wondering why it should continue to permit academic freedom has virtually no basis in law, how the employment, at one of the colleges under its can the college teacher enforce his claim to it? In the face of pressures, how the professor ~tays free

N THE mid-1800's, many professors lost their jobs for the common good and not to further the interest over their views on slavery and secession. In the ofeither the individual teacher or the institution as I 1870's and '80's, many were dismissed for their a whole. The common good depends upon the free views on evolution. Near the turn of the century, a search for truth and its free exposition." number lost their jobs for speaking out on the issue The statement spells out both the teacher's rights of Free Silver. and his duties: The trend alarmed many college teachers. Until "The teacher is entitled to full freedom in re­ late in the last century, most teachers on this side search and in the publication of the results, subject of the Atlantic had been mere purveyors of the to the adequate performance of his other academic knowledge that others had accumulated and written duties ... down. But, beginning around 1870, many began to "The teacher is entitled to freedom in the class­ perform a dual function: not only did they teach, but room in discussing his subject, but he should be they themselves began to investigate the world careful not to introduce ... controversial matter about them. which has no relation to his subject ... Assumption of the latter role, previously per­ "The college or university teacher is a citizen, a formed almost exclusively in European universi­ member ofa learned profession, and an officer of an ties, brought a new vitality to our campuses. It also educational institution. When he speaks or writes as brought perils that were previously unknown. As a citizen, he should be free from institutional censor­ long as they had dealt only in ideas that were clas­ ship or discipline, but his special position in the sical, generally accepted, and therefore safe, teach­ community imposes special obligations. As a man of ers and the institutions of higher learning did little learning and an educational officer, he should re­ that might offend their governing boards, their member that the public may judge his profession alumni, the parents of their students, the public, and his institution by his utterances. Hence he and the state. But when they began to act as in­ should at all times be accurate, should exercise ap­ vestigators in new areas of knowledge, they found propriate restraint, should show respect for the themselves affecting the status quo and the inter­ opinions of others, and should make every effort to ests of those who enjoyed and supported it. indicate that he is not an institutional spokesman." And, as in the secession, evolution, and silver con­ troversies, retaliation was sometimes swift. ow CAN such claims to academic freedom be In 1915, spurred by their growing concern over enforced? How can a teacher be protected such infringements of their freedom, a group of H against retaliation if the truth, as he finds it teachers formed the American Association of Uni­ and teaches it, is unpalatable to those who employ versity Professors. It now has 52,000 members, in him? the United States and Canada. For nearly half a The American Association of University Profes- century an AAUP committee, designa_ted as "Com­ mittee A," has been academic freedom's most active -and most effective--defender.

HE AAUP'S defense of academic freedom is based on a set of principles that its members Thave developed and refined throughout the or­ ganization's history. Its current statement of these principles, composed in collaboration with the As­ sociation of American Colleges, says in part: "Institutions of higher education are conducted SOrB and the Association of American Colleges have So effective is an AAUP vote ofcensure that most formulated this answer: permanent job security, or college administrators will go to great lengths to tenure. Mter a probationary period of' not more than avoid it. Although the AAUP does not engage in seven years, agree the AAUP and the AAC, the boycotts, many of its members? as well as others in teacher's services should be terminated "only for the academic profession, will not accept jobs in cen­ adequate cause." sured institutions. Donors of funds, incluaing many If a teacher were dismissed or forced to resign philanthropic foundations, undoubtedly are influ­ simply because his teaching or research offended enced; so are many parents, students, alumni, and someone, the cause, in AAUP and AAC terms, present faculty members. Other organizations, such clearly" would not be adequate. as the American Association of University Women, The teacher's recourse? He may appeal to the will not recognize a college on the AAUP's censure AAUP, which first tries to mediate the dispute with­ list. out publicity. Failing such settlement, the AAUP As the present academic year began, eleven insti­ conducts a full investigation, resulting in a full re­ tutions were on the AAUP's list of censured admin­ port to Committee A. If a violation of academic istrations. Charges of infringements of academic freedom and tenure is found to have occurred, the freedom or tenure were being investigated on four­ committee publishes its findings in the association's teen other campuses. In the past three years, seven Bulletin, ta.kes the case to the AAUP membership, institutions, having corrected the situations which and often asks that the offending college or univer­ had led to AAUP action, have been removed from sity administration be censured. the censure category.

Has the teacher's freedom no limitations?

ow SWEEPING is the freedom that the college argue that academic freedom is absolute. They teacher claims? would say that any restriction, however it may be H Does it,for example,entitlea memberof the rationalized, effectively negates the entire academic­ faculty of a church-supported college or university freedom concept. "You are either free or not free," openly to question the existence of God? says one. "There are no halfway freedoms." Does it, for example, entitle a professor of botany There are others-the American Association of to use his classroom for the promulgation of political University Professors among them-who say that beliefs? freedom can be limited in some instances and, by Does it, for example, apply to a Communist? definition, is limited in others, without fatal damage There are those who would answer some, or al1, being done. such questions with an unqualified Yes. They would Restrictions at church-supported colleges and universities The AAUP-AAC statement of principles of aca­ demic freedom implicitly allows'religious restric­ tions: "Limitations of academic freedom because of re­ ligious or other aims of the institution should be clearly stated in writing at the time of [the teacher's] appointment ..." Here is how one church-related university (Prot- estant) states such a "limitation" to its faculty members: "Since X University is a Christian institution supported by areligious denomination, a member of its faculty is expected to be in sympathy with the university's primary objective-to educate its stu­ dents within the framework of a Christian culture. The rights and privileges of the instructor should, therefore, be exercised with discretion and a sense of loyalty to the supporting institution ... The right of dissent is a correlative of the right of assent. Any undue restriction upon an instructor in the exercise of this function would foster a suspicion of intoler­ ance, degrade the university, and set the supporting denomination in a false light before the world." Another church-related institution (Roman Cath­ olic) tells its teachers: "While Y College is operated under Catholic aus­ pices, there is no regulation which requires all mem­ bers of the faculty to be members of the Catholic faith. A faculty member is expected to maintain a standard oflife and conduct consistent with the phi­ losophy and objectives of the college. Accordingly, the integrity of the college requires that all faculty members shall maintain a sympathetic attitude to­ a classroom stand on, say, a bill dealing with traffic ward Catholic beliefs and practices, and shall make laws in his state. a sincere effort to appreciate these beliefs and prac­ As a private citizen, ofcourse, off the college cam­ tices. Members of the faculty who are Catholic are pus, he is as free as any other citizen to speak on expected to set a good example by the regular prac­ whatever topic he chooses-and as liable to criti­ tice of Catholic duties." cism of what he says. He has no special privileges when he acts outside his academic role. Indeed, the AAUP-AAC statement of principles 'suggests that A teacher's "competence" he take special pains, when he speaks privately, not By most definitions ofacademic freedom, a teach­ to be identified as a spokesman for his institution. er's rights in the classroom apply only to the field in which he is professionally an expert, as determined ENCE, at least in the view of the most influen­ by the credentials he possesses. They do not extend tial of teachers' organizations, the·freedom of to subjects that are foreign to his specialty. H the college teacher is less than absolute. But ". .. He should be careful," says the American the limitations are established for strictly defined Association of University Professors and the Asso­ purposes: (1) to recognize the religious auspices of ciation of American Colleges, "not to introduce into many colleges and universities and (2) to lay down his teaching controversial matter which has no re­ certain ground rules for scholarly procedure and con­ lation to his subject." duct. :fIence a professor ofbotany enjoys an undoubted In recent decades, a new question has arisen to freedom to expound his botanical knowledge, how­ haunt tnose who would define and protect academic ever controversial it might be. (He might discover,. freedom: the problem of the Communist. When it and teach, that some widely consumed cereal grain, began to be apparent that the Communist was not known for its energy-giving properties, actually is of simply a member of a political party, willing (like little value to man and animals, thus causing con­ other political partisans) to submit to established sternation and angry outcries in Battle Creek. No democratic processes, the question of his eligibility one on the campus is likely to challenge his right to to the rights of a free college teacher was seriously do so.) He probably enjoys the right to comment, posed. from a botanist's standpoint, upon a conservation So pressing-and so worrisome to our colleges bill pending in Congress. But the principles of aca­ and universities-has this question become that a demic freedom might not entitle the botanist to take separate section of this report is devoted to it. The Communist: a special case? )

HOULD A Communist Party member enjoy the he deals. Insofar, then, as faculties are made up of privileges ofacademic freedom? Should he be men whose teachings express, not the results of their S permitted to hold a position on a college or own research and reflection and that of their fellow­ university faculty? specialists, but rather the opinions of other men­ On few questions, however "obvious" the answer whether holders of public office or private persons may be to some persons, can complete agreement from whom endowments are received-just so far be found in a free society. In a group as conditioned are colleges and universities perverted from their to controversy and as insistent upon hard proof as proper function ..." are college teachers, a consensus is even more rare. (His statement is the more pertinent, Professor It would thus be a miracle if there were agree­ Lovejoy notes, because it was originally the basis ment on the rights of a Communist Party member of "a criticism of an American college for accepting to enjoy academic privileges. Indeed, the miracle from a 'capitalist' an endowment for a special pro­ has not yet come to pass. The question is still fessorship to be devoted to showing 'the fallacies of warmly debated on many campuses, even where socialism and kindred theories and practices.' I there is not a Communist in sight. The American have now added only the words 'holders of public Association of University Professors is still in the office.' ") process of defining its stand. Let us quote Professor Lovejoy at some length, The difficulty, for some, lies in determining as he looks at the communist teacher today: whether or not a communist teacher actually propa­ "It is a very simple argument; it can best be put, gates his beliefs among students. The question is in the logician's fashion, in a series of numbered asked, Should a communist gym instructor, whose theorems: utterances to his students are confined largely to "1. Freedom of inquiry, of opinion, and of teach­ the hup-two-three-four that he chants when he ing in universities is a prerequisite, if the academic leads the calisthenics drill, be summarily dismissed? scholar is to perform the proper function of his Should a chemist, who confines his campus activities profession. solely to chemistry? Until he overtly preaches com.. "2. The Communist Party in the United States munism, or permits it to taint his research, his is an organization whose aim is to bring about the writings, or his teaching (some say), the Communist establishment in this country of a political as well should enjoy the same rights as all other faculty as an economic system essentially similar to that members. which now exists in the SOviet Union. Others-and they appear to be a growing num­ "3. That system does not permit freedom of in­ ber-have concluded that proof of Communist quiry, of opinion, and of teaching, either in or Party membership is in itself sufficient grounds for outside of universities; in it the political govern­ dismissal from a college faculty. ment claims and exercises the right to dictate to To support the argument of this group, Professor scholars what conclusions they must accept, or at Arthur O. Lovejoy, who in 1913 began the move­ least profess to accept, even on questions lying ment that led to the establishment of the AAUP, within their own specialties-for example, in philos­ has quoted a statement that he wrote in 1920, long ophy, in history, in aesthetics and literary criticism, before communism on the campus became a lively in economics, in biology. issue: "4. A member of the Communist Party is there­ "Society ... is not getting from the scholar the fore engaged in a movement which has already ex­ particular service which is the principal raison tinguished academic freedom in many countries and d'etre of his calling, unless it gets from him his would-if it were successful here-result in the honest report of what he finds, or believes, to be abolition of such freedom in American universities. true, after careful study of the problems with which "5. No one, therefore, who desires to maintain academic freedom in America can consistently favor cal, is not thereby committed to the conclusion that that movement, or give indirect assistance to it by it is his duty to facilitate its destruction, by placing accepting as fit members of the faculties of uni­ its enemies in strategic positions of power, prestige, versities, persons who have voluntarily adhered to or influence ... The conception of freedom is not an organization one of whose aims is to abolish one which implies the legitimacy and inevitability academic freedom. of its own suicide. It is, on the contrary, a concep­ "Of these five propositions, the first is one of tion which, so to say, defines the limit of its own principle. For those who do not accept it, the con­ applicability; what it implies is that there is one clusion does not follow. The argument is addressed kind offreedom which is inadmissible-the freedom only to those who do accept that premise. The to destroy freedom. The defender of liberty of second, third, and fourth propositions are state­ thought and speech is not morally bound to enter ments offact. I submit that they cannot be honestly the fight with both hands tied behind his back. And gainsaid by any who are acquainted with the those who would deny such freedom to others, if relevant facts ... they could, have no moral or logical basis for the "It will perhaps be objected that the exclusion of claim toenjoy thefreedom which theywould deny ... communist teachers would itself be a restriction "In the professional code of the scholar, the man upon freedom of opinion and of teaching-viz., of of science, the teacher, the first commandment is: the opinion and teaching that intellectual freedom Thou shalt not knowingly misrepresent facts, nor should be abolished in and outside of universities; tell lies to students or to the public. Those who not and that it is self-contradictory to argue for the merely sometimes break this commandment, but restriction of freedom in the name of freedom. The repudiate any obligation to respect it, are obviously argument has a specious air of logicality, but it is disqualified for membership in any body of investi­ in fact an absurdity. The believer in the indis­ gators and teachers which maintains the elementary pensability of freedom, whether academic or politi- requirements of professional integrity. "To say these things is not to say that the eco­ invoking the Fifth -Amendment? Of some 200 dis­ nomic and even the political doctrines of commu­ missals from college and university faculties in the nism should not be presented and freely discussed past fifteen years, where communism was an issue, within academic walls. To treat them simply as according to AAUP records, most were on grounds 'dangerous thought: with which students should such as th~: Only a handful of teachers were in­ not be permitted to have any contact, would give controvertibly proved, either bytheir own admission rise to a plausible suspicion that they are taboo or by other hard evidence, to be Communist Party because they would, if presented, be. all too con­ members. vincing; and out of that suspicion young Commu­ Instead of relying on less-than-conclusive evi­ nists are bred. These doctrines, moreover, are his­ dence of party membership, say some observers, torical facts; for better or worse, they_play an we would be wiser-and the results would be surer­ immense part in the intellectual and political con­ if we were to decide each case by determining troversies of the present age. To deny to students whether the teacher has in fact violated his trust. means of learning accurately what they are, and of Has he been intellectually dishonest? Has he mis­ reaching informed judgments about them, would stated facts? Has he published a distorted bibli­ be to fail in one of the major pedagogic obligations ography? Has he preached a party line in his class­ of a university-to enable students to understand room? By such a determination we would be able the world in which they will live, and to take an to bar thepracticing Communistfrom our campuses, intelligent part in its affairs .. ." along with all others guilty of academic dishonesty or charlatanry. F EVERY COMMUNIST admitted he belonged to the How can the facts be established? party-orifthe public, including college teachers As one who holds a position of unusual trust, say I and administrators, somehow had access to party most educators (including the teachers' own or­ membership lists-such a policy might not be diffi- ganization, the AAUP), the teache~has a special cult to apply. In practice, of course, such is not the obligation: if responsible persons make serious case. A two-pronged danger may result: (1) we may charges against his professional integrity or his in­ not "spot" all Communists, and (2} unless we are tellectual honesty, he should be willing to submit very careful, we may do serious injustice to persons to examination by his colleagues. If his answers to who are not Communists at all. the charges are unsatisfactory-evasive, or not in What, for example, constitutes proof of Commu­ accord with evidence-formal charges should be nist Party membership? Does refusal to take a brought against him and an academic hearing, con­ loyalty oath? (Many non-Communists, as ~ matter ducted according to due process, should be held. of principle, have declined to subscribe to "dis­ Thus, say many close observers of'the academic criminatory" oaths-oaths required of one group scene, society can be sure that justice is done­ in society, e.g., teachers, but not of others.) Does both to itself and to the accused.

Is the college teacher's freedom. -" in any real jeopardy? "

OW FREE is the college teacher today? What guards. Without safeguards, freedom is sure to be are his prospects for tomorrow? Either here eroded and soon lost. H or on the horizon, are there any serious So it is with the special freedom of the college threats to his freedom, besides those threats to the teacher-the freedom ofideas on which our civiliza­ freedom of us all? tion banks so much. Any reader of history knows that it is ,wise to Periodically, this freedom is buffeted heavily. In adopt the view that freedom is always in jeopardy. part of the past decade, the weather was particular­ With such a view, one is likely to maintain safe- ly stormy. College teachers were singled out for Are matters of academic freedom easy Try handling some of these

your wealthy library-donor held vinced that it is 80 vital to your ,You are forth for, two hours at the dinner country's welfare that you should a college president. table on the immorality of it. By not keep it to yourself. the end of the evening, his words You are a man of more than one Your college is your life. You have were almost choleric. He phoned this heavy responsibility; and you feel thrown every talent you possess into morning to apologize. "It's the one them keenly. You are, of course, re­ its development. No use being mod­ subject I get rabid about," he said. sponsible to your university. You est about it: your achievements "Thank heavens you're not teaching have a responsibility to your col­ have 'been great. that sort of thing on your campus." leagues, many of whose work is The faculty has been strength­ You had your secretary discreetly financed similarly to yours. You are, ened immeasurably. The student check: John X's telecast is sched­ naturally, responsible to your coun­ body has grown not only in size but uled for next week. It will be at try. You bear the responsibility of a in academic quality and aptitude. least two months before you get teacher, who is expected to hold The campus itself--dormitories, lab­ those library funds. There is John back no knowledge from his stu­ oratories, classroom buildings­ X's extension number, and there is dents. You have a responsibility to would hardly be recognized by any­ the telephone. And there are your your own career. And you feel a one who hasn't seen it since before lifetime's dreams. responsibility to the people you see you took over. Should you ...? on the street, whom you know your Your greatest ambition is yet to knowledge affects. be realized: the construction of a Loyalties, conscience, lifetime fi­ new library. But at last it seems to You are nancial considerations: your di­ be in sight. Its principal donor, a a university scientist. lemma has many horns. wealthy man whom you have culti­ Should you ...? vated for years, has only the techni­ You are deeply involved in highly calities-but what important tech­ complex research. Not only the nicalities!-to complete: assigning equipment you use, but also the You are to the college a large block of secur­ laboratory assistance you require, a business man. ities which, when sold, will provide is expensive. The cost is far more the necessary $3,000,000. than the budget of your university You make toothpaste. It is good This afternoon, a newspaper re­ department could afford to pay. toothpaste. You maintain a research

porter stopPed you as you crossed I So, like many of your colleagues, department, at considerable ex­ the campus. "Is it true," he asked, you depend upon a governmental pense, to keep it that way. "that John X, of your economics agency for most of your financial A disturbing rumor reached you department, is about to appear on support. Its research grants and this morning. Actually, it's more coast-to-coast television advocating contracts make your work possible'. than a rumor; you could claSS it as deficit spending as) a cornerstone of But now, as a result of your a well-founded report. The dental federal fiscal policy? I'd like to do studies and experiments, you have school of a famous university is an advance story about it, with your come to a conclusion that is dia­ about to publish the results of a comments." metrically opposite to that which study of toothpastes. And, if your You were not sidestepping the forms the official policy of the informant had the facts straight, it question when you told the reporter agency that finances you-a policy can do nothing but harm to your you did not know. To tell the truth, that potentially affects the welfare current selling campaign. you had never met John X, unless of every ,citizen. You know the de~n of the dental it had been for a moment or two of You have outlined, and docu­ school quite well. Your company, small-talk at a faculty tea. On a mented, your conclusion forcefully, as part of its policy of supporting faculty numbering several hundred, in confidential memoranda. Re­ good works in dental science, has there are bound to be manY' whom sponsible officials believe you are been a regular and substantial con­ you know so slightly that you might mistaken; you are certain you are tributor to the. school's development not recognize them if they passed not. The disagreement is profound. fund. you on the street. Clearly the government will not It's not as if you were thinking of Deficit spending! Only last night, accept your view. Yet you are con- suppressing anything; your record to s,olve? special c'riticism if they did not conform to popular patterns of thought. They, and often they alone, problems. were required to take oaths of loyalty-as if teach­ ers, somehow, were uniquely suspect. There waS widespread misunderstanding of the of turning out a good product-the teacher's role, as defined by one university presi­ best you know-is ample proof of dent: that. But if that report were to "It is inconceivable ... that there can exist a true come out now, in the midst of your community of scholars without a diversity of views campaign, it could be ruinous. A and an atmosphere conducive to their expression few months from now, and no harm .'.. To have a diversity of views, it is essential that would be done. we as individuals be willing to extend to our col- ­ Would there be anything wrong leagues, to our students, and to members ofthe com­ if you ...? munity the privilege of presenting opinions which may, in fact, be in sharp conflict with those which Your daughter we espouse. To have an atmosphere of freedom, it is essential that we accord to such diverse views the is at State. same respect, the same attentive consideration, that You're proud of her; first in her we grant to those who express opinions with which class at high school; pretty girl; we are in basic agreement." popular; extraordinarily sensible, in spite of having lots of things to HE STORM of the '50's was nationwide. It was turn her head. felt on every campus. Today's storms are It was hard to send her off to the Tlocal; some campuses measure the threat to university last fall. She had never their teachers' freedom at hurricane force, while been away from the family for more than a day or two at a time. But others feel hardly a breeze. you had to cut the apron-strings. Hence, the present-relatively calm-is a good And no eXPerience is a better teacher time for assessing the values of academic freedom, than going away to college. 1- and for appreciating tliem. The future is certain to You got a letter from her this bring more threats, and the understanding that we morning. Chatty, breezy, a bit sassy can build today may stand us in good stead, then. in a delightful way. Yon smiled as What is the likely nature of tomorrow's threats? you read her youthful jargon. She "It is my sincere impression that the faculties of delights in using it on you, because our universities have never enjoyed a greater lati­ she remembers how you grimaced tude of intellectual freedom than they do today," in mock horror wheneyer you heard says the president of an institution noted for its it around the house. Even so, you turned cold when high standards of scholarship and freedom. "But you came to the paragraph abo1.Jt this is a judgment relative only to the past. the sociology class. The so-called "The search for truth has no ending. The need to scientific survey that the professor seek truth for its own sake must constantly be de­ had made of the sexual behavior of fended. Again and again we shall have to insist teen-agers. This is the sort of thing upon the right to express unorthodox views reached Margie is being taught at State? through honest and competent study. You're no prude, but ... You know "Today the physical sciences offer safe ground for a member of the education com­ speculation. We appear to have made our peace mittee of the state legislature. with biology, even with the rather appalling im­ Should you ...? And on the coffee plications of modern genetics. table is the letter that came yester­ day from the fund-raising office at "Now it is the social sciences that have entered State; you were planning to write a the arena. These are young sciences, and they are modest check tonight. To support difficult. But the issues involved-the positions more sociology professors and their taken with respect to such matters as economic scientific surveys? Should you ...? growth, the tax structure, d~ficit financing, the laws affecting labor and management, automation, social to the danger of acting injudiciously-and of com­ welfare, or foreign aid-are of enormous conse­ mitting injustice. quence to all the people ofthis country. Ifthe critics The subtleties and complexities found in the gray of our universities feel strongly on these questions, areas will be endless. Even the scope of academic it is because rightly or wrongly they have identi­ freedom will be involved. Should its privileges, for fied pai."ticular solutions uniquely with the future example, apply only to faculty members? Or should prosperity of our democracy. All else must then be they extend to students, as well? Should students, heresy." as well as faculty members, be free to invite con­ Opposition to such "heresy"-and hence to aca­ troversial outsiders to the campus to address them? demic freedom-is certain to come. And so on and on. The educated alumnus and alumna, faced with N THE FUTURE, as at present, the concept of aca­ specific issues involving academic freedom, may demic freedom will be far from uncomplicated. well ponder these and other questions in years to I Applying its principles in specific cases rarely come. Legislators, regents, trustees, college ad­ will be easy. Almost never will the facts be all white ministrators, students, and faculty members will be or all black; rather, the picture that they form is pondering them, also. They will look to the alumnus more likely to be painted in tones of gray. and alumna for understanding and-if the·cause be To forget this, in one's haste to judge the right­ just-for support. Let no reader underestimate the ness or wrongness ofa case, will be to expose oneself difficulty-or the importance-of his role.

...... -­

= ! = Illustrations by Robert Ross

The report on this and the preceding 15 pages·is the product of a cooperative endeavor in which "What Right scores of schools, colleges, and universities are taking part. It was prepared under the direction ofthe group listed below, who form EDITORIAL PROJECTS FOR EDUCATION, a non-profit organization Has This Man?" associated with the American Alumni Council. Copyright 0 1963 by Editorial Projects for Education, Inc. All rights reserved; no part ofthis report may be reproduced without express permission ofthe editors. Printed in U.S.A.

JAMES E. ARMSTRONG DENTON BEAL DAVID A. BURR DAN ENDSLEY The University of Notre Dame Carnegie Institute of Technology The University of Oklahoma Stanford University MARALYN O. GILLESPIE L. FRANKLIN HEALD CHARLES M. HELMKEN KEN METZLER Swarthmore College The University of New Hampshire American Alumni Council The University of Oregon JEAN D. LINEHAN JOHN I. MA'ITILL JOHN W. PATON ROBERT L. PAYTON Massachusetts Institute of Technology Wesleyan University Washington University FRANCES PROVENCE ROBERT M. RHODES STANLEY SAPLIN VERNE A. STADTMAN Baylor University The University ofPennsylvania. New York University The University of California FRANK J. TATE CHARLES E. WIDMAYER REBA WILCOXON DOROTHY F. WILLIAMS The Ohw State University Dartmouth College The University of Arkansas Simmons College RONALD A. WOLK ELIZABETH BOND WOOD CHESLEY WORTHINGTON CORBIN GWALTNEY The Johns Hopkins University Sweet Briar Colle6e Brown University Executive Ediror CLAS S NOTES

+ 1946 NORMAN EAGLE, psychologist in the public school system in Fort Lee, N.J., has RIVER CAMPUS COLLEGES received the degree of Doctor of Education in School Psychology from Rutgers Univer­ sity. + 1918 Bleached Shellac Manufacturing Associa­ + 1948 DR. CLARENCE G. STOUGHTON, president tion, has been elected a director of Alle­ GERARD F. HAGENBACH, who joined of Wittenberg University, delivered the gheny Power System, Inc. of New York Linde Company in 1948, has now been ap­ Founder's Day address at Thiel College City. pointed division engineer for the cryogenic February 14 and received the honorary + 1938 products department in Tonawanda, N.Y. degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. DANIEL W. METZDORF has been named MAJOR FERNE B. GREY, member of the + 1924 sales manager for audio visual products at Army Nurse Corps, will teach advanced RICHARD D. HICKOX has been appointed Graflex, Inc., Rochester. procedures for patient care at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington. general manager for the New York Tele­ + 1941 phone Company's northern area. He has MARY LOUISE BAYNES (G), recently re­ DR. FREDERICK LEIGHTON, JR., research been with the company since 1924. turned to the Rochester area to become stu­ chemist at Hooker Chemical Corp., has DR. PAUL K. TAYLOR, physicist-engineer dent counselor at Fairport High School. been promoted to manager of technical with the Radio Corporation of America, DR. E. ROBERT CHABLE (G), vice presi­ service for the phosphorus division, Jeffer­ has been appointed professor of physics at dent and business representative of the sonville, Indiana. Ashland College, Ohio. Venice Nokomis Bank for the past four + 1942 years, has accepted a call as full-time pas­ + 1926 tor of the Congregational United Church of EUGENE G. SWARTZ has been named EVANGELINE MILLER, director of the Christ in Venice, Florida. executive vice president at Flexible Tubing Princeton (N.J.) Nursery School, received Corporation, Guilford, Conn. + 1950 the Princeton Council of Community Serv­ LIEUT. COL. EDWARD H. WALKER of the HARRY SHRIER, who has been associated ices Award and citation February 18. U.S. Marines, was recently transferred from with Mixing Equipment Co. Inc. in Roch­ Philadelphia to the Vietnam Military Ad­ ester for 12 years, has been promoted from 1927 + yisory Group. director of sales to vice president. GEORGE W. STONE, JR., formerly head of DR. RALPH L. MCCREARY (G), man­ DR. JAMES F. GLENN, associate professor engineering for Malayan American Planta­ ager of the Motorola Systems Research of urology at the Bowman Gray School of tions Ltd. in Penang, Malaya, has now Lab. in Riverside, Calif., has been ap­ Medicine, has accepted an appointment to opened his own office there as a consulting pointed director of research and develop­ Duke University School of Medicine as pro­ engineer. ment for the company's military electronics fessor of urology and chief of the Division + 1928 division. of Urologic Surgery. MARTIN R. GAINSBRUGH, vice president + 1943 WILLIAM H. BOSWORTH, JR., has been appointed sales engineer with the paper and chief economist for the National In­ PETER P. MUIRHEAD (G), assistant U.S. dustrial Conference Board and professor of machine division of the Black Clawson Commissioner of Education, addressed spe­ Company of Watertown, N.Y. economics at New York University, is a cial classes of Fairleigh Dickinson Univer­ member of the President's Committee to sity conducted by Representative James GLENN M. BERGGREN, formerly with the Appraise Unemployment. Roosevelt February 25. General Electric Co. in Decatur, Ill., has taken a new position as staff engineer in + 1930 + 1944 market research with Kollmorgen Corp., The REVEREND GEORGE E. ULP and DR. ROBERT J. HOE, '51G, formerly with Northampton, Mass. Eva Haines Ulp, '27, were honored on the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, is now RICHARD D. BRIGHTMAN was recently 25th anniversary of his pastorate at the deputy project manager of the Direct Con­ elected an assistant secretary of the Gene­ Brighton Presbyterian Church in Rochester version Project at General Atomics Division see Valley Union Trust Co. in Rochester. February 10. of the General Dynamics Corp. in San + 1951 Diego, California. + 1933 JOHN R. AHLHARDT (U) has been pro­ LEWIS E. SCHAUMAN, realtor and vice + 1945 moted to quality control manager at president of Slade & Suter Co., Inc., has ARTHUR R. JAEGER, formerly in charge of Schlegel Manufacturing Company, New been elected president of the Brighton street lighting sales at Corning Glass Works, York, N.Y. Rotary Club in Rochester. has become vice president of Independent LOUIS M. CARRESE, '53G, was appointed + 1935 Testing Laboratories, Inc. of Boulder, program planning officer for the National Cancer Institute under the National In­ DR. ELIZABETH WHITE SCHAEFFER, ge­ Colorado. stitute of Health. Carrese is former vice neticist, addressed several American Asso­ ROSL YN GREENBERG KAISER has been ap­ president of White Electromagnetics, Inc. ciation of University Women groups in pointed to teach at King's Highway School BRUCE R. WILLIAMS has been promoted February, discussing Rachel Carson's "Si­ in Westport, Conn. from assistant sales manager to industrial lent Spring." DR. MOSES PASSEIt, professor of chemis­ try at the Duluth campus of the University sales manager of Vellumoid Company, + 1937 of Minnesota, has been appointed Chair­ Worcester, Mass. EDWARD H. WALWORTH, JR., vice presi­ man of the Committee on Chemical Educa­ OTTO MULLER-GIRARD, '54G, has been dent and general manager of William Zins­ tion of the Council of the American Chemi­ made research director at Taylor Instru­ ser and Co. and president of American cal Society. ment Companies in Rochester. 27 + 1952 DON BRADY has been named manager of founded science school at Sophia Univer­ ROGER B. GARDNER was recently named the Trane Company's Greensboro (N.C.) sity in Tokyo. assistant to the vice president and director office. HANS J. SCHULTZ (U), '61G, is now tak­ of sales at Mixing Equipment Company, BRUCE C. BOWER, architect, has joined ing part in Equitable Life Assurance's man­ Inc., in Rochester. the office of Joseph A. Connel in Corning, agement training program in New York. DR. NORMAN P. NEUREITER of Humble N.Y. Schultz is married to the former JANE Oil & Refining Company's Baytown re­ PAUL J. COOMBS has been appointed ad­ WILLIS '58, '59N. They have a daughter, search and development division, has been vertising manager at Albee-Campbell, Inc. aged two. in New York City. granted a U.S. patent for a new raw ma­ + 1959 terial for making synthetic rubber. + 1956 CAROLYN MOCKRIDGE BLASSINGAME re­ RAYl',fOND E. CLARK, formerly assistant DONALD W. BURNS (U) has become as­ cently completed work for a master's de­ administrator of Robert Packer Hospital in sistant chief engineer of Sperry Piedmont gree at New York University and is teach­ Waverly, N.Y. was recently named admin­ Co., Charlottesville, Va. ing grammar school in Pelham, N.Y. istrator of the Clifton Springs Hospital and DR. EDWARD T. WONG (G), associate MARY W. BARSTOW was married to Wil­ Clinic. professor of mathematics at Oberlin Col­ liam E. Olson January 26 in Ridgewood, DWIGHT M. PAINE, now working for his lege, will study latest algebraic systems at N.J. Ph.D at the University of Wisconsin, has Kyoto University, Japan, next year on a been appointed assistant professor in math­ National Science Foundation faculty fel­ DR. MAY M. CLIFF, who received her ematics at Wells College in Aurora, N.Y. lowship. M.D. last year and is now interning at for the next academic year. CAPT. WILLIAM D. GRAHAM, attached to Philadelphia General Hospital, was mar­ WARREN DILLENBECK, senior develop­ the Dover ( Del.) Air Force Base, was ried to Dr. Gary Carpenter, pediatrician, ment engineer at Carrier Research and De­ married to Mary Pierce, hearing therapist December 29, in Radnor, Pennsylvania. velopment Company, recently completed for the State Board of Health in Dover, ORMA G. HUMPHRIES was married Jan­ work on a degree of master of science in January 12. uary 19 to James F. Stehli of Willow Grove, mechanical engineering at Syracuse Uni­ RALPH H. LANE, practicing law with the Pa. Following a wedding trip to Mexico, versity College. Chicago firm of Defrees, Fiske, Thomson & they settled in Binghamton, .Y. JACK R. LAUB has accepted a position as + 1953 Simmons, is director of the choir of the Glen Ellyn Presbyterian Church. sales engineer for Urick Foundry in Erie, WILLIA!\'I D. HULBERT is now sales Pa. supervisor of North Central Associates, Inc. + 1957 NATHAN W. GORDON was married to an insurance firm in New York City. PAULA ABEL, who earned her master's Nancy Keeler in Rochester January 27. DR. WALTER G. GALL (G), has been degree at Harvard University and was JAMES A. MUIR was married to Mariel promoted to senior research chemist in the formerly librarian in Massachusetts Insti­ Meents in Colorado Springs December 29. plastics department of E. 1. du Pont de­ tute of Technology, is a teacher in the Both are engaged in graduate study at Nemours Co. at their experimental station South Glens Falls (N.Y.) central school Northwestern University. near Wilmington, Del. district. JOHN F. KREIDL (U), formerly technical AGNES M. MONTALTO, who was admitted ALICE HOLLOWAY YOUNG (G), principal copy editor at SCRIPTA TECHNICA in to the practice of law in California last of School 24 in Rochester and trustee of ew York, has accepted an assignment as year, has now established a law office in Monroe Community College, was named chemist in the development department of Hollywood. one of six "Women of the Year" in Roch­ National Polychemicals in Wilmington, + 1954 ester by the YWCA and Rochester Council Mass. The former CECILY AGGELER MARTIN­ of Jewish Women, for her public service CATHERINE SPENCER was married to SMITH, who received her Ph.D. in genetics activities. Charles C. Crissey 3d of New York in Rochester January 4. from the University of Glasgow in 1961, + 1958 was married to Jeffery S. Gale, a geneticist GUNARS and RITA MELKIS REIMANIS an­ MARY LIND was married to Ronald A. nounce the birth of their second son, at the University of Birmingham, Decem­ Bryan, '61G, in Fair Oaks, Ill., January 19. ber 22. Andrew Raymond, March 2. DR. DAVID W. BROOK was married to LT. (jg) DEAN E. ARNOLD, engineering + 1955 Judith Muser of Brooklyn December 15. officer on the hydrographic research vessel DR. JOHN G. GLEICHAUF, who graduated Dr. Brook is a resident in psychiatry at USS Sheldrake, will enter graduate study from the University of Buffalo Medical Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. in aquatic resources conservation at Cor­ School last June, is now completing an WILLIAM J. MACKNIGHT, JR. recently nell University in September. internship at Milwaukee Hospital in Wis­ received an M.A. in chemistry at Princeton RITA SERRINS was married to Dr. Jerome consin. He and his wife are parents of University. Glazer, '56, in Rochester December 29. Dr. year-old twins, Kurt and Karen. AKIHIKO FUJII ( G) after teaching at Glazer is a resident physician at the State THOMAS BACKUS, JR., a project manager Purdue University, Imperial College in University of New York College of Medi­ at IBM, has been promoted to superin­ London and the University of Rome, re­ cine at Syracuse. tendent of processing systems assembly turned to his native Japan in March as MARY C. JONES was married to Terence and test in Endicott, N.Y. associate professor of physics in the newly P. Curran in Dobbs Ferry, New York, Jan- u: lM:.O.C. "The Ugliest Man on Campus" becomes a coveted title for just one week in the year on the River Campus, and then only in the interests of charity. The UMOC contest is decided by the amount of money (coin or folding variety) put into jars next to photo­ graphs of the fifteen contestants. This year $250 will go to the chil­ dren's ward at Rochester State Hospital and the balance of at least $1250 (if the "take" equals last year's contest) will be donated to the mercy ship "SS Hope." Each fraternity, some of the dormitories and the Women's Council sponsor the entrants in the contest which is sponsored by the UR's Mu Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Omega, the national service fraternity.

28 uary 19. Both are associated with the New LAWRENCE WARDLOW was married to HELEN MILLS JENKS, office manager of York State Department of Civil Service in Diane Nevinger UR senior, in Rochester the Metropolitan Syracuse Council of Arts Albany. January 19. and Sciences, is editing a monthly culture DRUSILLA FREY was married to Dr. JAMES T. REED was married to Con­ calendar of events which is reaching a Kazuo Gotow, '59G, in Rochester Decem­ stance Higby of Mohawk, New York, Feb­ wide readership in the Syracuse area. ber 29. Both are employed at the UR-Dr. ruary 23. + 1940 Gotow as physics research associate and HAROLD SARGEANT was married to his wife as computer programmer. Brenda Traynor in Rochester February 9. KATHRYN OAKES BELLINGHAM, '43G, The installation of electronics equipment was soprano soloist in the "Messiah" of­ for Project Star Gazer has been under the + 1962 fered in January at the Fifth Avenue Pres­ supervision of 2nd LT. FRANCIS J. CARA­ ELIZABETH CORWIN of the performance byterian Church in Troy, N.Y. VAGLIO, of the Aeronautical Systems Divi­ analysis staff for the Delta space booster DR. WALLIS BRAMAN (G), '56G, whose sion at Wright-Patterson AFB. vehicle at the Goddard Space Flight Cen­ articles on string instruments were pub­ PAUL CHERKASKY who is at the Univer­ ter, was one of the recipients of the NASA lished in the 1962 "Music Journal" anthol­ sity of Buffalo Medical School, was married group achievement award at Cape Ca­ ogy and the February "Instrumentalist," to Margaret Rapp in Rochester June 24. naveral March 1. conducted students in a performance of his own composition at the Baldwin-Wal­ lace Contemporary Music Festival in Berea, Ohio, in late January. ROSEMARY HOWELL MADISON is a regular columnist for the Omaha "Benson Sun." IilASTMAN SCHOOL OF MUSIC + 1941 ROBERT P. FOUNTAIN, '42G, baritone soloist and conductor of the O'berlin Col­ + 1929 currently conducting a class on "Master­ lege Choir and the Musical Union, was DR. MELVIN W. LEMON, '30G, '41G, pieces of Music Literature" at the Durham featured in a biographical sketch in the chairman of the music department of Al­ (N.C.) YWCA. February "Southwestern Musician." fred University, recently witnessed the + 1937 + 1942 world premiere performance of a 3-act folk VICTOR ALESSANDRO, musical director of opera there for which he composed libretto ARLINE HANKE JOHNSON (G), director the San Antonio Symphony-now one of of the Madison (Wis.) Civic Opera, will and music. the nation's ten leading orchestras-will FAITH M. WARBURTON is college organist teach voice at the Sewanee (Tenn.) Sum­ direct the symphony in a 6,000 mile tour mer Music Center. and teacher of music education and music of the western states this season. Dr. Ales­ appreciation at St. Mary's Dominican Col­ sandro, who began a conducting career at + 1944 lege, New Orleans, where she directs the the age of 22, is also in demand as guest HASKELL BOYTER (G), minister of music choral ensemble. conducter of other nationally known or­ at the Druid Hills Presbyterian Church in chestras. + 1933 Atlanta, was baritone soloist recently at HAROLD M. GIFFIN, '32G, is director + 1938 the Charleston First Presbyterian Church. of the Stetson University Concert Choir GERALD INGRAHAM, director of the col­ travel squad, which has offered many con­ + 1945 lege chorus at Our Lady of the Lake Col­ certs throughout Florida and the South­ DR. JOHN BODA, '56G, associate professor lege in San Antonio, directed the massed east, and has toured to New York, Chicago of music at Florida State University, was choirs of several area churches and the and Washington. present for the first performance of his college group in a Fellowship Concert "Overture 1962" by the Florida Symphony + 1936 February 24. in Orlando, January 31. CLARK L. BRODY, JR., solo clarinetist, PAUL J. CHRISTIANSEN (G), one of the ARTHUR P. SCHOEP (G), associate pro­ who formerly played with the CBS Or­ world's foremQst choral composers, is con­ fessor of voice at Colorado Woman's Col­ chestra and the Lansing Symphony Or­ ducting the Concordia College choir in lege, directed the Denver Lyric Theatre chestra, is now member of the Chicago tours throughout the midwest. The 60­ and Symphony Orchestra in a performance Symphony. voice group has toured the United States of "Figaro" in February. EDWARD PREADORE, conductor of the and Europe many times. 1946 symphony orchestra at the University of + South Florida at Tampa, recently presented + 1939 RUTH LYON MULLER (G), concert vio­ a violin program at Florida Southern Col­ SVEN LEKBERG (G), chairman of the fine linist, performed recently before the Glen­ lege. arts division at Simpson College, Indianola, view (Ill.) Area Women's Auxiliary of the JULIA WILKINSON MUELLER, associate Iowa, recently composed "Litany of Skokie Valley Community Hospital. professor in music at Duke University and Psalms," his 34th published vocal com­ + 1947 position. violinist in the Duke String Quartet, is BENNY B. KEMP, head of the piano de­ partment at Glassboro (N.}.) State Col­ lege, gave a piano recital in February at Illinois State Normal University. LOUIS LANE, associate conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, recently directed the Houston Symphony and the 99-voice Hous­ ton Chorale in the traditional Houston Chronicle's One Dollar Concert. Pianist PAUL PARMELEE, associate pro­ fessor at the University of Colorado col­ lege of music, presented a recital at New York City's Town Hall February 23. HARRY JOHN BROWN, conductor of the Milwaukee Symphony, has made three ap­ pearances as guest conductor of the famed Firestone Orchestra in October, January and April. DR. ELWOOD J. KEISTER (G), choral director of the University of Florida, was

29 guest conductor for the 15th annual region­ February 10 at Kenyon College. piano recital at the National Gallery of al state chorus in Roanoke in February. DR. ELISEO PAJARO (G), '53G, director Art in Washington January 27. + 1948 of the department of cultural affairs 'of the JEAN EICHELBERGER IVEY (G), who com­ FRANK YORK, violinist who has received University of the Philippines and the newly posed and performed piano scores for a national recognition for his album "Stroll­ created National Cultural Center there, television production of Brecht's "The Ex­ ing yi?,lins," is m~,sical director of Chi­ conducted a combined organ and orchestra ception and the Rule" in Wichita February cago s Sahara Inn. concert using the organ at the Cathedral 3, is currently composing an orchestral DR. WALTER R. JONES, '49G, music pro­ of St. Mary and St. John with the National work and a piano duet and is readying fessor at Radford (Va.) College, and direc­ Symphony Orchestra. piano pieces for students to be published this year. tor of the college band, presented a trum­ + 1952 pet recital there February 7. IRA C. LEHN, '53G, assistant professor of + 1957 HAROLD E. SKINNER (G ), formerly music at the University of California, Santa DANIEL STOLPER, '58G, is first-chair director of music at Canisteo Central Barbara, has recently presented recitals at oboist with the San Angelo (Tex.) Sym­ School, is teacher of flute at Glassboro San Francisco State 'College, Stanford Uni­ phony and performed as soloist in a con­ State College in New Jersey. versity, Long Beach State College, Univer­ cert there February 25. + 1949 sity of California at San Diego, Los An­ + 1958 DR. EMMA Lou DIEMER, '59G, winner geles State College and Arizona State University. He is performing the Tschai­ MYRON KARTMAN (G), violinist, who of the first Ford Foundation fellowship as was assistant conductor of Boston Univer­ composer-in-residence at Arlington (Va.) kowsky Rococo Variations twice this spring, with his own campus orchestra and the sity's symphony and associate conductor schools, is now leading music sessions in of the Greater Boston Youth Syffiphony, the University of Virginia's Ford-supported Santa Maria (Calif.) orchestra. ROBERT KELLY (G), professor of music has now been appointed assistant pro­ study discussion course on the humanities. fessor of music at Antioch College. DR. RICHARD M. ZITER, '51G, resident at the University of Illinois, witnessed the surgeon in ophthalmology at Manhattan world premiere of his "Emancipation Sym­ + 1959 Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital in New phony" performed by the National Sym­ Thomas and M. SUSAN EASTWOOD WIES­ York City, recently presented a piano con­ phony at Constitution Hall in Washington MANN, of Zurich, Switzerland announce cert for the Pittsfield (Mass.) Rotary Club. February 5 and 6. the birth of a daughter, Anja Renata, De­ JOAN MACK, '62G, principal cellist of the cember 19. + 1953 Nashville Symphony, presented a faculty + 1960 recital in late January at Peabody College, RONALD ONDREJKA, '54G, assistant con­ Tenn. ductor of the Buffalo Philharmonic, opened ROBERT L. TOWN presented the first of ROBERT H. LEWIS, '51G, spoke before the 1963 concert season with a program a series of Lenten organ recitals March 3 the Chamber Music Society of Baltimore at the Lockport (N.Y.) Senior High School at St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church January 27 at the world premiere of his featuring guest pianist Byron Janis. in Syracuse. Town is a member of the Second String Quartet performed by the + 1954 piano faculty at Syracuse University. Lenox String Quartet. MARYANA SUE GARZA (G), presented a PAUL LYDDON, member of the depart­ series of piano concerts in March at Guade­ + 1950 ment of music and artist in residence at lajara, San Luis Potosi, Monterrey, Torreon Organist ROBERT GLASGOW, '51G, re­ Monmouth College, presented a piano re­ and Saltillo, Mexico. cently appointed to the organ faculty of cital at Knox College February 10. BEVERLY A. WARD (G), one of the first the University of Michigan, presented a + 1955 to become a fellow of the College of concert at St. Mary's Cathedral in Peoria The premiere performance of "Frag­ Church Musicians, Washington Cathedral, February 3. ments," a composition for flute, clarinet presented an organ recital there recently. LUCRECIA KASILAG (G), dean of the Col­ and harpsichord, by DR. ROBERT STERN DR. ROBERT B. WASHBURN (G), mem­ lege of Music and Fine Arts in Manila '56G, '62G, was given by the Hartford ber of Potsdam State College of Education and director of the Bahanihan Dance Conservatory faculty ensemble February 10. faculty, has received a grant from the Group, recently completed a two-week tour JOHN REED, a member of the faculty of N. Y. State Research Foundation to com­ of India as a member of the Philippine the new Interlochen Arts Academy, plays pose a three movement symphony for Cultural Delegation. French horn with the professional Inter­ band. He recently completed a string quar­ JAMES BRAUNINGER, associate professor lochen Arts Academy Woodwind Quintet, tet which was performed at the College's of violin at Bethany College, Lindsborg, which is becoming nationally known for annual Spring Festival of the Arts in April. Kansas, performed the Tschaikowsky Violin the quality of its performances. + 1962 Concerto February 10 and 13 with the Mr. and Mrs. SAM FRICANO announce college symphony orchestra. the birth of Patricia Maria, November 3. ARMAND ABRAMSON (G) has accepted ELAINE BONAZZI, mezzo soprano who Chief Warrant Officer Fricano assumed the position of first clarinet with the Israel presented a recital in Chicago's Orchestra command of the 1st Cavalry Division Band Philharmonic in Tel Aviv, Israel. Hall February 17, appeared in the world in Korea April 1. BETTy-CAROL GORDON, violinist, is now premiere of Menotti's television opera DR. PAUL EARLS, '56G, '60G, who spent instructor of strings in the Tarrytown "Labyrinth" March 3. last summer at the Huntington Hartford (N.Y.) school system. She also directs two EDUARDO T. FIORELLI, '58G, associate Foundation in Pacific Palisades, is now school orchestras. professor of violin and chairman of pre­ teaching at the University of Oregon. He REX BRITTON, graduate assistant in string paratory stringed instruments at North­ has written a special composition to be music at West Virginia University, per­ western University, recently performed as performed in late spring at the Trinity formed a violin solo in the New Martins­ a member of the Sheridan String Quartet Methodist Church in Berkeley, Calif., under ville (W. Va.) Arts Concert recently. in the Wesleyan College Fine Arts Festival the direction of Dr. Earle Blakeslee, '37. JOSEPH ('62 Arts) and MENA MARUCCI at Macon, Georgia. COLELLA announce the birth of a daughter, DR. HENRY HALLSTROM (G), music pro­ + 1956 Michele, March 11. fessor at Randolph-Macon Woman's Col­ STEPHEN WOLOSONOVICH, who has toured DR. MARY JOANNE CURNUTT (G), as­ lege, has written a one-act musical play with the Rudie Synfonietta and with Man­ sistant professor of music at Longwood "Blood on the Moon" which was performed tovani, is now'presenting a series of violin College, Farmville, Va., recently gave a for the first time February 19 by the concerts in the east and midwest. lecture on organ music at East Carolina Lynchburg College Touring Choir at the DR. JACK BEMIS, '62G, formerly director College. Lynchburg (Va.) Fine Arts Center. of orchestra and chorus at Houghton (N.Y.) Saxophonist FRED HEMKE (G), first FRANK BELLINO (G), assistant professor College, has been appointed conductor of American winner of the Prix de Rome, of stringed instruments and director of the the Vermont Philharmonic Chorus in North­ presented a public concert at University Denison University String Orchestra and field. School in Carbondale, Illinois, February the Licking County Symphony Orchestra, DR. GEORGE WALKER (G), of the Smith 10. Hemke is a member of the North­ was featured viola soloist at a concert College music department faculty, gave a western University music faculty.

30 MEDICINE & DENTISTRY IN MEMORIAM ISRAEL BROOKS CLARK, '03, former mis­ + 1936 president of the Meriden-Wallingford sionary in China, and Syracuse, N. Y. high (Conn.) Medical Society. school teacher, died February 19 in Syra­ DR. CHARLES D. KOCHAKIAN (G), di­ rector of the laboratory of experimental 1957 cuse. + HARRY J. O'CONNOR, '06, retired De­ endocrinology and professor of biochem­ DR. ANNE HARRISON, who has been partment of Public Works civil engineer, istry at the University of Alabama Medical teaching pediatrics at St. Mary's Hospital Center, recently returned from a two-month died February 24, in Rochester. and at Strong Memorial Hospital since CHARLES H. MILLER, '09, retired owner lecture tour which took him before medical July 1961, will begin full-time medical of Insulation Refractories Co. of William­ groups from Duarte, California, to Japan, practice in Scottsville (near Rochester) in son and Webster, died February 19 in Formosa, India, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt, July. Israel, Greece and Amsterdam. Rochester. + 1958 RICHARD PELL HUNT, '09, retired fruit + 1943 DR. R. GLENN WATSON, instructor in grower, died February 24 in Ithaca. DR. WILLIAM F. LEE has been appointed microbiology at Bowman Gray School of PERCY W. PUNNETT, '11, chemistry health officer for Saratoga Springs, New Medicine in Winston-Salem, is one of teacher and research consultant at Fair­ York. three doctors associated with a new clinic leigh Dickinson University, who was the + 1946 established March 5 at the school. author of "Food and Diet," died January '43G, '53G, 17 in Leonia, N. J. DR. CHAUNCEY G. BLY, + 1960 president of Thiel College, was commenCe­ GORDON H. GLIDDON, '15, '18G, for­ ment speaker at Clarion State College DR. DAVID C. BONTECOU, was married merly of UR School of Optometry faculty, January 20. recently to Linda Lundquist in Seattle, and for 17 years associated with Dartmouth Washington. Dr. Bontecou plans a two­ College and Dartmouth Eye Institute, died + 1953 year residency in neurology at Cornell March 14 in Hanover, N. H. He was also DR. CARL BUTENAS has been elected University . retired president and director of the Han­ over Water Works Co. RAYMOND E. TOWNSEND, '15, mathe­ matics and history teacher at the Charles Ellis School for Girls in Newtown Square, Pa., died there March 2. • DEPARTMENT OF NURSING CLEMENT G. LANNI, '15, retired presi­ dent of the Rochester Alliance Press and publisher of La Stampa Unita, who was a + 1936 Craig Colony and Hospital School of Nurs­ star athlete during his high school and UR DOROTHY WATTS WHITE, '34E, '56, ad­ ing at Sonyea, N. Y. career, died March 8 in Hollywood, Fla. ministrator of the Home Care Program of + 1957 RICHARD J. MYERS, '22, former president Rochester and Monroe County, Inc. is the of Intercounty Builders Supply Co., Inc. of JEAN F. SCHWARTZ, '56, has accepted a Yonkers, died March 14 in Rochester. author of a two-part article: "A Commu­ position as clinical supervisor at the Colo­ nity-based Home Care Program" in the HELEN CRAIG TUTTLE, '23, former teach­ rado Psychopathic Hospital in Denver. She er and social worker, died February 26 in Feb. 1 and Feb. 16 issues of HOSPITALS was formerly with the San Diego Day magazine. Rochester. Treatment Center. CHARLES T. BUNNELL, '26, assistant vice + 1945 + 1959 president of Community Savings Bank of MARY JOHNSTONE BIGGS and Charles F. Melvin and GEORGANN COLWELL HUFF Rochester and former UR mathematics Biggs, '50U, announce the birth of a daugh­ announce the birth of a son, Mark Edward, instructor, died March 16 in Le Roy, N. Y. ter, Hillary Ann, February 15. December 11. KARL E. HUBER, '28, research chemist, JOYCELYN BREEN SUTHERLAND and Dr. Charles and VIRGINIA ATWOOD KAMKE died December 15 in Long Beach, Calif. Donald A. Sutherland, '47M, announce the announce the birth of a daughter, Theresa VIOLA CLARK DRAKE, '28N, former su­ arrival of James Breen, born January 10. Marie, March 30. pervising physical therapist for N. Y. State + 1951 Gerard and RUTH DEPEW KESSELRING Public Health Department, died March 14 in Geneva, N. Y. Ralph and NANCY WHEELER LAWTON announce the birth of a second daughter, Susan Elizabeth, October 12. GRAFTON H. KEYES, '29G, research announce the birth of a second daughter, chemist for Eastman Kodak Co. and active Kathleen Mary, January 5. RACHEL SCHAUFFLER, '58, a nurse at the Medical College Hospital in Rajshahi, Boy Scout adviser for many years, died + 1955 India, was married to Jack A. Jordan, a March 17 in Rochester. GAIL ROBYN SEELEY and DR. CLINTON teacher at Rajshahi University in Dacca, EMMA OTTO SCHULER, '30N, died Janu­ B. SEELEY (M) of Andover, Mass., have East Pakistan, February 16. Both are mem­ ary 18 in Florida. announced that their second son and third bers of the Peace Corps. WALTER J. SAXE, '37, retired high school child, Paul Talbot Seeley, was born June 13. teacher and boys' adviser at Rochester's + 1962 Jefferson High School, died March 10 in + 1956 ANN KNELLER, '61, a member of. the Rochester. JOSEPH JULIEN (G), formerly on the Visiting Nurse Service of Rochester and JANET DELAINE BOYKIN, '51, English nursing staff at Syracuse University Hos­ Monroe County, was married to Leonard and Spanish teacher, died February 19 in pital, has been appointed principal of the Camann in Rochester January 26. Washington, D. C. REUNION WEEKEND-JUNE 7-8 9

31 An Igorian Orgy

THREE-DAY BANQUET of the music of Igor Stravinsky served on the River Campus in April demon­ A strated the Russian-born composer's preference for "meat and potatoes" music rather than "whipped cream" sentimentality. For the large audiences that par­ took of the three concerts there was no denying that this was a musical diet rich in cerebral protein and low in polyunsaturated melody. Planned as Rochester's only celebration of Stravinsky's eightieth birthday year, the concerts brought together performers and audiences from the River Campus and the Eastman School, the Medical Center and the com­ munity. As can be seen from the program on the page opposite, the concerts presented a sampling from the octogenarian's many periods of creative development. "Stravinsky was seeking to 0 btain mastery over song and stage," said Virgil Thomson, noted music crit­ ic and composer, in a talk on Stravinsky and the Lyric Stage that preceded the Sunday evening concert. "However, the 'Rite of Spring' has such a huge au­ ditory capacity that it was never fully choreographed." It was Mr. Thomson who characterized Stravinsky as "the president of the anti-Schmaltz League," pointing out that this was an especially incongruous position for a Russian composer. Described by a local newspaper reviewer as "the pre­ siding genius" of the Stravinsky weekend was Dr. Ward Woodbury who provided the inspiration and direction, as well as appearing as soloist and conductor. The concerts were presented by the Strong Auditorium Concert Series. FRIDAY, APRIL 5 STRONG AUDITORIUM FIVE EASY PIECES FOR PIANO, Four Hands SONATA FOR TWO PIANOS Moderato Theme with Variations Allegretto Ward Woodbury and Allan Ross A GROUP OF SONGS Spring (The Cloister), Op. 6, No.1 A Song of the Dew, Op. 6, No.2 Pastoral Trois Petites Chansons Russian Maiden's Song from Mavra Charlene Chadwick-Cullen, soprano CD Ernesto Lejano at the piano SUITE FROM "THE FIREBIRD" (1919) Introduction and Dance of the Firebird Dance of the Princesses Infernal Dance of Kastchei and His Subjects Berceuse Finale ALL-UNIVERSITY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Ward Woodbury, conductor SATURDAY, APRIL 6 HOYT HALL Ruth Watanabe, commentator THREE PIECES FOR STRING QUARTET Linda Wallis, Peter Salaff, violins 0 Lee Lane, viola; Carter Enyeart, cello \!:..J CONCERTINa FOR STRING QUARTET Lawrence Gibson, Joseph D'onofrio, violins Marlon Carlson, viola; David Cowley, cello ( Students from the ensemble classes of John Celentano, Eastman School of Music) THREE PIECES FOR CLARINET SOLO Stanley Hasty HISTOIRE DU SOLDAT (Story of a Soldier) The Soldier's March Little Tunes beside a Brook Pastorale The Royal March The Little Concert Three Dances: Tango, Waltz, Ragtime The Devil's Dance Grand Chorale Triumphal March of the Devil INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE Herbert Brill, violin soloist Julian Ferholt, clarinet Robert Parker, trumpet Philip Kolker, bassoon Henry Schmidt, trombone Justin Dicioccio, percussion Deborah Lott, bass Ward Woodbury, conductor Dancers: Nancy Porter and David Taylor fJ\ Choreography by Joan Bates \V SUNDAY, APRIL 7 STRONG AUDITORIUM LECTURE: "Stravinsky and the Lyric Stage" Virgil Thomson CONCERT: Members of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra Combined Men's and Women's Glee Clubs Ward Woodbury, conductor Andries Roodenburg, violin soloist SUITE NO. 2 FOR SMALL ORCHESTRA March Waltz Polka Galop SYMPHONY OF PSALMS Prayer (Prelude) 0 Thanksgiving (Double Fugue) Hymn of Praise (Allegro Symphonique) CONCERTO IN D FOR VIOLIN AND ORCHESTRA Toccata Aria I Aria II Capriccio First Rochester Performance ACCELERATOR ACCELERATED: A $425,000 grant from ENGLISH TAUGHT HERE: The College of Education, the State of New York has given impetus to the Univer­ which is operating two experimental programs for the sity's plans for a nuclear structure laboratory announced preparation of secondary school teachers, will add a new earlier this year. The laboratory will house the super­ one next year, in the teaching of English. The original sophisticated Van de Graaff accelerator now being de­ programs are in social studies. signed for the study of the structure of the atomic nucleus. Known as fifth-year internship programs-because they The grant, the first the State has given the University extend beyond the bachelor's degree-they are planned for its nuclear research activities, will be used toward the to combine solid study in the student's specialized field $1,743,000 cost of constructing the laboratory buildings. with first-hand experience in teaching as interns in An earlier grant of $3,561,000 from the National Science in cooperating area high schools. Students who complete Foundation, primarily for the accelerator, included also the program receive, in addition to the teaching certifi­ $425,000 for the laboratory. The University is seeking cate, the degree Master of Arts in Education. the remainder of the funds needed from both private and The experimental projects are part of the Inter-Univer­ public agencies. sity Program in which the University of Roch~ster is The laboratory will consist of four one- and two-story cooperating with three other major universities in New buildings covering about an acre of land. Tentative plans York State. call for the preliminary design of the buildings to be undertaken next year, with construction completed some ENGLISH SPOKE HERE: Something new in trans-Atlantic months before the first parts of the accelerator are de­ education, an Anglo-American summer school, has been livered in 1965. The laboratory is expected to be fully planned for the University's summer session this year. operative in 1966. Not quite a mass migration, but certainly the largest Completion of the laboratory will, it is expected, open group of foreign visitors to the University from anyone new fields of potential discovery in the physics of nuclear place, is the 99-member delegation of adult education structure, and the results of the investigations-although students from the University of Hull, England, who will they will be undertaken as pure research-may well assist attend the two-week session on the Rochester campus. in the industrial development of atomic power. The visitors will get an intensive course in American customs, government, education, and culture, and will COUNT DOWN: The University has been selected by the sample such typical aspects of American life as baseball National Aeronautics and Space Administration as the games and shopping plazas. recipient of a grant of $183,000 to support the training The friendly interest between Rochester and Hull that of 10 full-time graduate students in pre-doctoral programs resulted in the proposal for the visit grew out of an ex­ in science and engineering which relate to the study of change professorship program that has been flourishing space. for the last 10 years. The director of the River Campus Rochester is one of 88 colleges and universities to summer session who is arranging the Hull visit, is Dean receive the grants, varying in number from two to 15, Arthur Assum, who says he hopes that the application of depending on the number and quality of their doctoral a little reverse English will prompt a return visit to Hull programs in this area, the adequacy of their facilities, and the following summer. the extent of their participation in other NASA programs. SAY UAHHH": More because of an expanding student THE ONLY WAY TO GO IS UP: The space problem on population than because the youth of today are sup­ the River Campus will be alleviated to some degree with posedly "'soft," the River Campus health department is the addition of two stories to the south wing of the Men's being moved from the Alumni Gym to larger quarters in Dining Center. The some 20,000 square feet of floor the Women's Residence Center. Besides integrating the space gained will house an expanded Faculty Club, office health office with the infirmary, the new facility will pro­ space for the Placement Office, and nine meeting and vide for a series of examining rooms, a small laboratory, seminar rooms for student and faculty use. a therapy room and private offices for four physicians, When the addition is completed next winter, the book according to Dr. John H. Flinn, director of the Univer­ store will be moved to the present area occupied by the sity health program. Faculty Club, and the space in Rush Rhees Library Eastman School students also have a new health office vacated by the book store in turn will be remodeled to to which to take their aches and pains. It is located provide expanded library facilities for the College of within the school, a more accessible location than on the Education and the College of Business Administration. Prince Street campus.

34 FACULTY PROMOTIONS: The Institute of Optics has a new assistant director. He is Dr. James A. Eyer, assistant professor of optics since 1960. Dr. Eyer, who received his Ph.D. degree from the University in optics and physics in 1957, joined the faculty the same year as research as­ sociate and part-time assistant professor. Other recent faculty promotions are: To full professor, Dr. Richard C. Lewontin, biology, and Dr. Howard Merritt, fine arts; to associate professor, Dr. Lawrence Lundgren, geology, Dr. Adrian Melissinos, physics, Dr. David J. Wilson, chemistry, and Dr. Thomas R. Knapp, education.

DOWN UNDER: Dr. A. Clyde Roller, conductor of the Eastman Wind Ensemble, apparently believes in moving about by geographical giant steps. He arrived in Roches­ ter last fall from Texas-as successor to Dr. Frederick Fennell, now of the Minneapolis Symphony-and the next time he moves, this time temporarily, he will span, rather than a continent, a couple of oceans. His destination for this trip is New Zealand, where he will be guest con­ ductor of the National Symphony. He has been invited to conduct a series of 14 concerts during January and February of next year.

PURVEYOR OF PREMIERES: It may take a while, of course, but the River Campus drama department, if it follows its present pattern, could eventually achieve an international reputation as a producer of world premieres. The first performance, during the weekend of May 3 and TS OF LEVITATION produced by sober science rather 4, of a play by Pulitzer Prize-winner Elmer Rice will than by the mysterious machinations of a magician mark the third such world premiere during the last year. p\ are currently being performed at the Medical Cen­ Titled "Love Among the Ruins," and concerning an ter in a research program on the function of the heart. archaelogical expedition to Baalbek, Lebanon, the play The research involves measuring the rate of blood Row was written in 1950 when Rice was a member of the from the heart into the arteries, a measurement so pre­ Playwright's Company. It had not been produced pre­ cise that it can be distorted by even the slightest building viously because it was considered unsuitable for the vibrations. To obtain minutely accurate readings, the commercial theater. Rice will be in Rochester for the researchers are using a couch that rides a fraction of an final week's rehearsals before the two performances at inch above jets of compressed air, providing a motion­ the River Campus, and will assist Dr. Robert Hogan, free surface. adviser for student play productions and visiting professor According to Dr. Arthur J. Moss, instructor in medicine, of English, in their direction. who is conducting the research project, the rate of the Last fall the University sponsored a week-long Irish Row of blood from the heart is a very sensitive index of Drama Festival which included a world premiere of a the heart's functioning. Early detection of heart disease Sean O'Casey comedy, the second performance of another -while the process is still reversible-is made possible by O'Casey work, and the American premiere of a play by using, along with other data, measurements of this force, Paul Vincent Carroll. A little under a year ago the Uni­ which is easily impaired in diseased hearts. Among other versity campus was the scene of a world premiere of a factors being studied by Dr. Nloss is the almost im­ play by Max Frisch, the contemporary Swiss dramatist, perceptible movement of the body produced by the two of whose plays received New York productions this ejection of blood by the heart, which is measured by a season. ballistocardiograph. The problem faced by Dr. Moss and his associates was PRACTICAL POLITICS: A junior in the Arts College, how to provide accurate reading of these delicate meas­ Linda Hurd, has been elected president of a nationwide urements without distortions from external sources. Even student organization, the Intercollegiate Association of with the subject lying motionless, slight tremors from the Women Students. Linda, who will spend the summer building itself can interefere with the findings of the working as an intern in the Washington office of Senator sensitive measuring devices. Kenneth B. Keating, '19, is a political science major who The gap between theory and practical application was obviously believes in combining textbook learning with closed with the use of the airborne couch. The bed, practical experience. Heredity may have something to originally developed for the nation's space program by do with her interest in the art of government-her father the Astrospace Engineering Company, was purchased is budget director for the State of New York. through a grant from the American Heart Association.

35 POSTMASTER: RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER ALUMNI FEDERATION. ROCHESTER 20. NEW YORK

SEMINARS DR. BERNARD SCHILLING liTHE COMIC SPIRIT IN LITERATURE" DR. STANLEY ROGOFF IIX·RAY MOTION PICTURES-" DR. WALLACE O. FENN

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