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Carnivores Research in 2007-2020 Western Forest Complex CARNIVORES RESEARCH IN 2007-2020 WESTERN FOREST COMPLEX ค ำน ำ การอนุรักษ์และจัดการสัตว์ป่าและถิ่นอาศัยนั้น จ าเป็นต้องด าเนินการภายใต้ข้อมูลพื้นฐาน ทางวิชาการ เพื่อให้การวางแผนการอนุรักษ์และการจัดการสัตว์ป่ามีแนวทางการด าเนินงานที่มีประสิทธิภาพ เหมาะสมกับสัตว์ป่าแต่ละชนิดและในแต่ละพื้นที่ การศึกษาวิจัยด้านสัตว์ป่าเพื่อให้ทราบข้อมูลทางด้านประชากร ชีววิทยา นิเวศวิทยา ลักษณะถิ่นอาศัยของสัตว์ป่า จึงเป็นข้อมูลที่ส าคัญส าหรับก าหนดและวางแผนการอนุรักษ์ สัตว์ป่า เพื่อให้การบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรธรรมชาติของประเทศมีประสิทธิภาพยิ่งขึ้น กลุ่มงานวิจัยสัตว์ป่า ภายใต้การด าเนินงานของสถานีวิจัยสัตว์ป่าเขานางร า ซึ่งเป็นหน่วยงานใน ส านักอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่า กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช ได้รับมอบหมายภารกิจส าคัญในการสนับสนุน ข้อมูลวิชาการเพื่อช่วยงานจัดการด้านสัตว์ป่าและถิ่นอาศัยในพื้นที่ป่าอนุรักษ์ โดยสถานีวิจัยสัตว์ป่าเขานางร า ได้ด าเนินโครงการศึกษาวิจัยต่าง ๆ เพื่อศึกษาความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพ ชีววิทยาและนิเวศวิทยาของสัตว์ป่า ในพื้นที่ป่าอนุรักษ์ รวมถึงการส ารวจและติดตามสถานภาพสัตว์ป่าที่ส าคัญในพื้นที่มรดกโลกทางธรรมชาติ เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าทุ่งใหญ่ - ห้วยขาแข้ง ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของผืนป่าตะวันตก เป็นพื้นที่ที่มีความหลากหลาย ทางชีวภาพและความชุกชุมของสัตว์ป่าสูง ทั้งกลุ่มสัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนม นก สัตว์เลื้อยคลาน และสัตว์สะเทินน้ า สะเทินบก อีกทั้งยังเป็นแหล่งอาศัยที่ส าคัญของสัตว์ป่าที่ใกล้สูญพันธุ์ และมีความส าคัญต่อระบบนิเวศในกลุ่ม ของสัตว์ผู้ล่าขนาดใหญ่ ทั้งเสือโคร่ง เสือดาว รวมถึงสัตว์กีบขนาดใหญ่ที่เป็นเหยื่อของสัตว์ผู้ล่าเหล่านั้น ผลงานวิจัยที่ได้ด าเนินการมาอย่างต่อเนื่องเป็นระยะเวลามากกว่า 10 ปี เป็นที่ยอมรับทั้งในประเทศและระดับ นานาชาติ และมีส่วนส าคัญในการสนับสนุนการบริหารจัดการพื้นที่มรดกโลกทางธรรมชาติเขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่า ทุ่งใหญ่ - ห้วยขาแข้ง กรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช หวังเป็นอย่างยิ่งว่า หนังสือ “Carnivore Research in Western Forest Complex 2007 - 2020” ฉบับนี้ ซึ่งเป็นการรวบรวมผลงานวิจัยด้านสัตว์ป่าในพื้นที่เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่า ห้วยขาแข้ง - ทุ่งใหญ่นเรศวร ที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์และเผยแพร่เพื่อเป็นข้อมูลในการอนุรักษ์และการจัดการสัตว์ป่า ทั้งในระดับประเทศและระดับนานาชาติ จะเป็นแนวทางการด าเนินงานวิจัยด้านสัตว์ป่าให้กับพื้นที่ป่าอนุรักษ์อื่น ๆ รวมถึงเป็นการรวบรวมข้อมูลให้สะดวกต่อการค้นหาและน ามาใช้ เพื่อน าไปสู่การวางแผนการจัดการเพื่ออนุรักษ์ และคุ้มครองสัตว์ป่าและถิ่นอาศัยในพื้นที่มรดกโลกทางธรรมชาติเขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าทุ่งใหญ่ - ห้วยขาแข้ง อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพต่อไป นายธัญญา เนติธรรมกุล อธิบดีกรมอุทยานแห่งชาติ สัตว์ป่า และพันธุ์พืช INTRODUCTION Conservation and management of wildlife and their habitats require basic academic research on planning and guidelines for each species and area. Wildlife research on population, biology, ecology and habitat are important to wildlife conservation and natural resource management planning. Wildlife Research Division which administrate Khao Nang Rum Wildlife Research Station, under Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, is established to support academic research for management of wildlife and their habitats in protected areas. Khao Nang Rum Wildlife Research Station focuses research on biodiversity, biology and ecology of wildlife, including key wildlife species surveying and monitoring in Thung Yai- Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries, one of the World Heritage sites. It is an area with high biodiversity and abundance of wildlife including mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles, also the endangered species habitats. There are mainly large predators in the ecosystem such as tigers and leopards along with their large preys. The contribution of Khao Nang Rum Wildlife Research Station, which has continually been done for more than 10 years and accepted by international research community, also supports the management of Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary World Heritage. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation hopefully that the publish of “Carnivores Research in Western Forest Complex 2007 – 2020”, a collection of wildlife research in Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries, will be distribute and becomes a guideline research in other protected areas. Additionally, this easy-to-access collection of research can be used in effective management planning for wildlife conservation and protection in Thung Yai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary World Heritage. Mr. Thanya Netithammakun Director General Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation CONTENTSCONTENTS Page Monitoring of the Leopard Population at Khao Nang Rum In Huai Kha Khaeng 1 Wildlife Sanctuary Saksit Simcharoen and Somphot Duangchantrasiri How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, 14 Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling Saksit Simcharoen, Anak Pattanavibool, K. Ullas Karanth, James D. Nichols and N. Samba Kumar Home range size and daytime habitat selection of leopards in Huai Kha Khaeng 21 Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand Saksit Simcharoen, Adam C.D. Barlow, Achara Simcharoen, and James L.D. Smith Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size and prey abundance: important 30 metrics for management Achara Simcharoen, Tommaso Savini, George A. Gale, Saksit Simcharoen, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Somporn Parkpien and James L.D. Smith Ecological factors that influence sambar (Rusa unicolor) distribution and abundance 38 in western Thailand: implications for tiger conservation Achara Simcharoen, Tommaso Savini, George A. Gale, Erin Roche, Vijak Chimchome and James L. D. Smith Non-Panthera cat records from big cat monitoring in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife 45 anctuary Saksit Simcharoen, Mayuree Umponjan, Somphot Duangchantrasiri and Anak Pattanavibool Dynamics of a low-density tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context 50 of improved law enforcement Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Mayuree Umponjan, Saksit Simcharoen, Anak Pattanaviboo, Soontorn Chaiwattana, Sompoch Maneerat, N. Samba Kumar, Devcharan Jathanna, Arjun Srivathsa, and K. Ullas Karanth A context-sensitive correlated random walk: A new simulation model for movement 60 Sean C. Ahearn, Somayeh Dodge, Achara Simcharoen, Glenn Xavier And James L.D. Smith Ecological Covariates at Kill Sites Influence Tiger (Panthera tigris) Hunting Success 82 in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand Somporn Pakpien, Achara Simcharoen, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Vijak Chimchome, Nantachai Pongpattannurak and James L. D. Smith CONTENTSCONTENT S Tiger and leopard diets in western Thailand: Evidence for overlap and potential 89 consequences Achara Simcharoen, Saksit Simcharoen, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Joseph Bump and James L.D. Smith Impact of prey occupancy and other ecological and anthropogenic factors on 95 tiger distribution in Thailand's western forest complex Somphot Duangchatrasiri, Pornkamol Jornburom, Sitthichai Jinamoy, Anak Pattanvibool, James E. Hines, Todd W. Arnold John Fieberg and James L. D. Smith Weights of gaur (Bos gaurus) and banteng (Bos javanicus) killedby tigers in Thailand 105 Supawat Khaewphakdee, Achara Simcharoen, Somphot Duangchantrasiri Vijak Chimchome, Saksit Simcharoen and James L. D. Smith Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers 113 (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand Apinya Saisamorn, Prateep Duengkae, Anak Pattanavibool, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Achara Simcharoen and James L.D. Smith Diet composition of the golden jackal (Canis aureus L.) during the dry season 123 in west-central Thailand Saksit Simcharoen, Achara Simcharoen, Sasitorn Hasin, Francesca Cuthbert and J. L. David Smith Diet of the Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha L., 1758) in west-central Thailand 135 Saksit Simcharoen, Achara Simcharoen, Sasitorn Hasin, Francesca Cuthbert and J. L. David Smith 1 Thai J. For. 27 : 68-80 (2008) ÇÒÃÊÒÃǹÈÒʵà 27 : 68-80 (2551) Original article Monitoring of the Leopard Population at Khao Nang Rum In Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary Saksit Simcharoen1 Somphot Duangchantrasiri1 1 Research Division, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Pahonyotin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Received: November 20, 2007 Accepted: June 18, 2008 ABSTRACT Leopard population was monitered using capture-recapture technique. Camera traps were set up for 3 years (1996-1999) over a 115.88 km2 area (A) around Khao Nang Rum Wildlife Research Station, Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary. Eighteen leopards were photographed including 4 adult females, 3 sub-adult females, 3 adult males, 3 sub-adult males and 5 males that could not be identified by age class. Four black leopards were individually identified: one leopard was collared and 3 leopards were identified by their size, sex, photograph time and locations. Closure test indicated that the leopard population was closed (p>0.05). The estimation of population size of leopard using model Mh are 10, 10 and 11 leopards for three sessions respectively. Log- normal-based 95% confidence interval ranged from 10 to 29 leopards for the first session, from 9 to 17 leopards for the second session and from 11 to 26 leopards for the third session. Estimated leopard densities were decreased from 7.88 ± 5.82 to 5.21 ± 3.12 and 4.86 ± 2.29 leopards/ 100 km2 respectively. The average leopard density in this study was 5.98 leopards/ 100 km2. This highly leopard density indicated that the Western Forest Complex is an important area for leopard conser- vation. Moreover, data on the abundance and density of leopard will help us to understand their present status in the study area and evaluate habitat quality and success of the management. Keywords: Leopard, Panthera pardus, Population, Huai
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