Flora of India

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Flora of India The flora of India is one of the richest in the world due to the wide range of climate, topology and habitat in the country. There are estimated to be over 18,000 species of flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in the world. India is home to more than 50,000 species of plants, including a variety of endemics. The use of plants as a source of medicines has been an integral part of life in India from the earliest times. There are more than 3000 Indian plant species officially documented as possessing into eight main floristic regions : Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganges plain, the Deccan, Malabar and the Andaman Islands.[1] Lotus, the national flower of India Forests and wildlife resource Mudumalai Wildlife Reserve in Tamil Nadu In 1992, around 7,43,534 km2 of land in the country was under forests of which 92 percent belongs to the government. Only 22.7 percent is forested compared to the recommended 33 percent of the National Forest Policy Resolution 1952. The majority of it are broad-leaved deciduoustrees which comprise one- sixth sal and one-tenth teak. Coniferous types are found in the northern high altitude regions and comprise pines, junipers and deodars.[2] India's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and Northeast India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern India; teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and western Gangetic plain. Pine, fir, spruce, cedar, larch and cypress are the timber-yielding plants of which several also occur widely in the hilly regions of India Part of a series on the Wildlife of India Biodiversity Protected areas Conservation .

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Cs 10.6 Wildlife Conservation Projects
SER CONTENT No LESSON PLAN LESSON PLAN : E 5 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECTS IN INDIA Period - One Type - Lecture Code - E 6 Term - III (SD/SW) ______________________________________________________________ Training Aids 1. Computer, Projector, Charts, Pointer. Black Board & Chalk. Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 Mins (b) Wildlife Conservation - 15 Mins (c) Wild Life Projects - 15 Mins (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins INTRODUCTION 3. The Indian subcontinent is blessed with a natural habitat of a large and varied wildlife. We can find some of the most magnificent as well as the rarest wildlife species of the world in the country. The beauty and variety we see in the jungles of India is difficult to be expressed in words. However, the past few decades have seen the greed and negligence of human beings leading to large-scale poaching, habitat destruction, resulting in animal - human conflict with rapid decline in the population of most of the wild animals and birds. 4. Conservation of Wildlife in India has slowly and gradually been understood by all. Today, efforts are being made towards wildlife conservation to preserve this natural wealth. Numerous wildlife conservation projects have been undertaken in India, both, at the government, as well as the individual level, to protect the wildlife of the subcontinent. AIM 5. To acquaint the cadets about Wildlife Conservation and Projects in India. PREVIEW 6. The lecture will be conducted in following parts:- (a) Part I - Wildlife Conservation. (b) Part II - Wildlife Projects in India. (a) PART I : WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Need for Conservation 7. Threats to Wildlife. The major threats being faced by the wildlife in India are:- (a) Decreasing Capacity.
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First Record of a Rheophytic Species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) in India
ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70 (1): 57–61 (2019) doi: 10.18942/apg.201816 shorT CommuniCaTion First Record of a Rheophytic Species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) in India 1 2,* 3 jaTindra sarMa , hussain ahMed barbhuiYa and sanTanu deY 1Research, Education and Working Plans, Assam Forest Department, Aranya Bhawan, Panjabari, Guwahati, Assam 781037, India; 2Landscape and Cosmetic Maintenance Section, Architectural and Structural Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400085, India. * [email protected] (author for correspondence); 3Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland 798627, India Ixora yunnanensis (Rubiaceae) is recorded for the first time in India. Previously, it was considered en- demic to Yunnan Province, China. The present report extends its distribution range ca. 760 km west- ward. A brief description of the plant along with photographs and a distribution map are provided to fa- cilitate its unambiguous identification in the future. Key words: flora of India,Ixora yunnanensis, new locality, rheophyte Ixora L. (Rubiaceae), comprising about 530 ted on rocks, show sympodial branching and bear species of shrubs and trees (Davis et al. 2009), is short petiole, glabrous, narrow leaves with entire the third largest genus in the family. It is wide- margins (van Steenis 1981, 1987). Ixora yunna- spread in tropical Africa, America, Asia, Mada- nensis Hutch. was first described by Hutchinson gascar, and the Pacific islands (Chen & Taylor (1916) based on a collection made by Dr. Augus- 2011, De Block 2014). Ixora is easily recognized tine Henry (1857–1930) from the banks of the by its articulate petioles, trichotomously branched Red River (Hong He) in Yunnan Province, China.
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Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India
NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE OF INDIA Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible. Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation. The Western Ghats and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have tropical rain forests. The deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves. The desert and semi desert areas of Rajasthan are known for cactii, a wide variety of bushes and thorny vegetation. TYPES OF FORESTS Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests Tropical Deciduous forests Tropical Thorn forests Montane forests Littoral and Swamp forests TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI EVERGREEN FORESTS Tropical Evergreen These are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the north-eastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C. They are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees. The trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. These forests appear green all the year round. Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc. Semi Evergreen They are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. Such forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees. The undergrowing climbers provide an evergreen character to these forests.
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Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
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A Rare Native Potential Ornamental Tree from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya (India)
Pleione 11(1): 40 - 43. 2017. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Rediscovery of Wightia speciosissima (D.Don) Merr. (Paulowniaceae), a rare native potential ornamental tree from Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India) Ashish V. Prabhugaonkar, M. Murugesan1 and A. A. Mao Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong 793003, Meghalaya, India 1 Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected] [Received 07.06.2017; Revised & accepted 12.06.2017; Published 30.06.2017] Abstract Wightia speciosissima (D.Don) Merr. (Paulowniaceae), a rare tree was observed at forested area near Puriang Village in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya (India). This beautiful tree is reported after 100 years in Khasi hills of Meghalaya and more than 50 years for flora of India. The tree showed scattered population in this forest area and very less regeneration by seeds. Propagation of tree by cuttings was successfully attempted and tree is being prospected as native ornamental tree. Key words: Wightia speciosissima, Rediscovery, Meghalaya, Agroforestry INTRODUCTION The genus Wightia Wall. of Paulowniaceae is distributed in subtropical regions of India, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Vietnam and Yunnan of China. It includes only two species W. speciosissima (D. Don) Merr. and W. borneensis Hook. f. (Zhou et al. 2014). During a recent exploration trip to East Khasi Hills in Meghalaya, the authors came across an elegant tree species belonging to Paulowniaceae at a forested area near Puriang Village in Khasi Hills. Upon careful observation and consultation of regional floristic works (Balakrishnan 1981-1983; Haridasan 1985-1987; Joseph 1982; Kumar & Rao 1983; Pandey et al. 2005; Roy et al.
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DIVERSITY in ANGIOSPERM FLORA of SIJU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, SOUTH GARO HILLS DISTRICT of MEGHALAYA, INDIA *Dilip Kr
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International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology Review Article Open Access Taxonomy of some important wild/zoo animals found in India Abstract Volume 3 Issue 2 - 2018 The persons engaged in management of wild life are zoo veterinarian, wild life health scientist who should know about taxonomic classification of status of wild fauna Basant Bais to familiarize them with peculiarities of animals which may be of great helpful in Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, India management, diagnosis & treatment of disease. At the global level about 1.6 million living forms have been identified including green plants, fungi, insects, vertebrates, & Correspondence: Basant Bais, Department of Livestock m.o. In India about 81251 species of animals accounts for 372 mammals, 1228 birds, Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 446reptiles, 204 amphibians, 2546 fishes, 5050 molluscs & 60383 insects. In flora Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India have 15% of known world plants. About 372 species of mammals under the Rajasthan, 334001, India, Email [email protected] class Mammlia reported in India with 3 subclasses. The aim of this study is to come Received: February 23, 2018 | Published: March 15, 2018 across the baseline classification of wild animals. Through classification we can also know about living and feeding habitats of a particular group of animals. The animals belonging to one group will have some general characters which also help in handling and management of wild animals in zoo or in their natural habitat.1 a. Monotremata (eg.spiny anteater) b. Marsupalia (eg. kangaroo, koala bear) c. Eutheria: There are 12 different orders have been reported in India.
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Wild Life Reserves in India from the Esri India Geoinquiries™
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KONGUNADU ARTS and SCIENCE COLLEGE (Autonomous) Coimbatore – 641 029 Department of Botany Name : Dr
KONGUNADU ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE (Autonomous) Coimbatore – 641 029 Department of Botany Name : Dr. V. BALASUBRAMANIAM Designation : Associate Professor Qualification : M.Sc., Ph.D. Date of Birth : 25-05-1961 Staff ID : A/TS/76 Area of Specialization : Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany Address for Communication: PG & Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore - 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India. Mobile Number : 9442555731 Email ID : [email protected] Institution Mail ID : Teaching Experience : UG: 21Years PG: 21Years Research Experience : 30Years Research Guidance : M.Phil Ph.D Research Completed Ongoing M.Phil 9 Ph.D 3 2 NET / SET Qualified : Nil Membership in Professional Bodies: Life member in Dr. M. Aruchami Research Foundation, Kongunadu Arts and Science College Life member in Indian Science Congress Association, Calcutta, India. Other Qualification : Nil Curriculum Vitae Name : V. BALASUBRAMANIAM Date of Birth : 25-05-1961 Nationality : Indian Religion : Hindu Present position : Associate professor in Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore - 641 029, India. Residential address : 9/6-D, S.P. Nagar, Thudiyalur (PO) Coimbatore - 641 034 Mobile: 9442555731 E-mail address : [email protected] Educational qualifications: DEGREE SUBJECT CLASS UNIVERSITY/BOARD YEAR OF PASSING B.Sc., Botany First University of Madras 1982 M.Sc., Botany First Bharathiar University 1986 Ph.D. Botany Highly Bharathiar University 1992 commended Title of Ph.D. Thesis : Flora of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu. Area of specialization : Plant Taxonomy and Ethnobotany Administrative experience : Principal incharge (Administration) Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Since June 1st 2017 to till date Teaching experience : As Associate professor in Botany, teaching Taxonomy of Angiosperms, Embryology, Horticulture, Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants to B.Sc.
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Strand Plant Communities of the Indian Sub-Continent
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