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T.C. Firat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dali

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T.C. Firat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dali T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI CİHAN TARİHİNİN UMUMİ HATLARI 4.CİLT(ÇEVİRİYAZI-) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZTÜRK Burcu UYGUR ELAZIĞ-2013 T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI CİHAN TARİHİNİN UMUMİ HATLARI, 4.CİLT(ÇEVİRİYAZI-) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZTÜRK Burcu UYGUR Jürimiz, ……… tarihinde yapılan tez savunma sınavı sonunda bu yüksek lisans tezini oy birliği / oy çokluğu ile başarılı saymıştır. Jüri Üyeleri: 1. Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZTÜRK 2. 3. 4. 5. F. Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulunun …... tarih ve ……. sayılı kararıyla bu tezin kabulü onaylanmıştır. Prof. Dr. Enver ÇAKAR Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdür II ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi Cihan Tarihinin Umumi Hatları,4.Cilt(Çeviri yazı-) Burcu UYGUR Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yakınçağ Tarihi Anabilim Dalı Elazığ – 2013, Sayfa: XIII+240 Cihan tarihinin umumi hatları adlı eserde 17, 18. ve 19. yy kapsayan dönemin siyasi etkileri, devletlerin değişimleri haritalarla da desteklenmenin dışında dönemin değişen edebiyet, resim, müzik ve teknolojik gelişmelerde geniş bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Bu kitabı çevirmemizdeki amaçlardan biride dünya devletlerinin bir bütün olduğunu her devletin bu bütünün parçası olduğunu ve bu bütünü anlayabilmek için parçaların tek tek bilinmesi gerektiğini belirtmektir. Avrupa tarihini bilmek kavramak kendi tarihimizi daha iyi anlamamıza sebep olacaktır Anahtar Kelimeler: Dünya, Avrupa, Gelişme III ABSTRACT Master Thesis History of the Universe 4.Tome( Transcription) Burcu UYGUR The University of Fırat The Institute of Social Sciences Department of History of the Modern Era Elazığ-2013; Page: XIII+240 In the work named ‘History of the Universe’ there are polical impacts belong seventeenth-nineteenth centuries. However goverments variations are shown not only with maps but also period developments related with literatüre, music, Picture and technology. One of the aim for this translation is to Show that states are an entire and eachstates are parts of this entire. Furthermore to deduce this entire each parts should be known individually Knowing European history helps us to see our history. Key Words: World, Europea, History, Development IV İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ......................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. III İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................ IV ÖNSÖZ .................................................................................................................... VII GİRİŞ ...........................................................................................................................1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM OTUZ DÖRDÜNCÜ FASIL 1. PRENSLER, PARLAMENTOLAR, DEVLETLER ..............................................2 1.1. Prensler ve Siyaset-i Hariciye ..............................................................................2 1.2. Hollanda Cumhuriyeti .........................................................................................4 1.3. İngiliz Cumhuriyeti .............................................................................................7 1.4. Almanya’da Tefrika ve Karışıklık ..................................................................... 17 1.5. Avrupa’da Büyük Monarşilerin İhtişamı ........................................................... 20 1.6. On Yedinci Ve On Sekizinci Asırlarda Musiki .................................................. 28 1.7. On Yedinci Ve On Sekizinci Asırların Ressamlığı............................................. 30 1.8. Büyük Devlet Fikrinin İnkişafı .......................................................................... 32 1.9. Lehistan Kralı Cumhûriyeti ve Akıbeti .............................................................. 36 1.10. Maverâ-yı Ebhar imparatorluğu İçin Mücadeleler ........................................... 39 1.11. Büyük Biritanya’nın Hindistan’a Hakimiyeti ................................................... 41 1.12. Rusya’nın Bahr-ı Muhît-i Kebîre Doğru İlerlemesi .......................................... 44 1.13. Gibbon’un 1780 târîhinde Dünya Hakkındaki Düşüncesi ................................ 46 1.14. Mütâreke-i ictimâ’iye nihâyet buluyor ............................................................. 52 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM OTUZ BEŞİNCİ FASIL 2. HAKİMİYETİ AMME ESÂSINA MÜSTENİD YENİ AMERİKA VE FRANSA CUMHURİYETLERİ ................................................................................................... 59 2.1. Devlet-i Mu’azzama Tarzinin Mahzûrları .......................................................... 59 2.2. On Üç Müstemlekenin İsyândan Evvelki Vaz’iyyetleri ..................................... 60 2.3. Müstemlekelerde Harb-i Dâhili ......................................................................... 65 2.4. İstiklâl Harbi ..................................................................................................... 70 V 2.5. Cemâhir-i Müttehide Kânûn-ı Esâsîsinin Teşekkülü .......................................... 71 2.6. Cemahir-i Müttehide-i Kânûn-ı Esâsîsinin İlk Metinleri .................................... 76 2.7. Fransa’da İhtilâl Fikirleri................................................................................... 81 2.8. 1789 İhtilâli....................................................................................................... 84 2.9. 1789’dan 1791 Tarîhine Kadar Devâm Eden Tacidârlı Cumhûriyet ................... 87 2.10. Jakoben İhtilali ................................................................................................ 94 2.11. Jakoben Cumhuriyeti 1792-1794 ................................................................... 103 2.12. Direktuvar ..................................................................................................... 108 2.13. Asrı Sosyalizm Fecrinde İmâr İşinin Tevafuku .............................................. 110 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM OTUZ ALTINCI FASIL 3. NAPOLYON BONAPART’IN ASKERİ VE SİYASİ HAYATI ........................ 117 3.1. Korsika’da Bonapart Ailesi ............................................................................. 117 3.2. Bonapart Cumhuriyet Generali ........................................................................ 118 3.3. Bonapart Birinci Konsül, 1799-1804 ............................................................... 122 3.4. İmparator: Birinci Napolyon 1804-1814 .......................................................... 127 3.5. Bozgun ........................................................................................................... 134 3.6. 1815 de Avrupa Haritası.................................................................................. 138 3.7. İmparatoluğun Tarzı Mimarisi ......................................................................... 142 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM OTUZ YEDİNCİ FASIL 4. ONDOKUZUNCU ASRIN HAKİKATLERİ VE HAYALLERİ ...................... 143 4.1. Mihaniki İnkilabı ............................................................................................ 143 4.2. Mihaniki İnkılabı İle Sanayi İnkılabı Arasındaki Münasebetler ....................... 151 4.3. Fikirlerin Tahmîni ........................................................................................... 156 4.4. Sosyalizmin Tekâmülü .................................................................................... 158 4.5. Sosyalizm Nazariyesindeki Zayıf Noktalar ...................................................... 165 4.6. Darvinizm Mesleğinin Dinî ve Siyâsî Fikirler Üzerindeki Tesirleri ................. 170 4.7. Fikrî Milliyetçilik ............................................................................................ 176 4.8. 1851 Bourbon Sergisi ...................................................................................... 180 4.9. Üçüncü Napolyon’un Askeri ve Siyâsî Hayatı ................................................. 181 VI 4.10. Linkoln ve Amerikan Dâhili Muhârebeleri .................................................... 188 4.11. Rus – Türk Muharebesi Ve Berlin Muahedesi ............................................... 196 4.12. Denizlerin Maverasındaki Vâsi Memleketlerin Teshiri İçin İkinci Defa Olarak Çarpışma .................................................................................................... 197 4.13. Hindistan’ın Zabtı Asya’da Misâl Teşkîl Ediyor ............................................ 204 4.14. Japonya Tarihi............................................................................................... 207 4.15. Tevsi Devrinin Sonu ..................................................................................... 211 4.16. 1914’de İngiliz İmparatorluğu ....................................................................... 212 4.17. On Dokuzuncu Asırda Resim, Heykeltraş ve Mimâri .................................... 214 4.18. Ondokuzuncu Asırda Musiki ......................................................................... 217 4.19. Hikâyenin Edebiyattaki Tafavvuku ............................................................... 219 SONUÇ .................................................................................................................. 2277 KAYNAKÇA ..........................................................................................................
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