Cordados II.Indd
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? ............................................................................. -
Morphological Evolution and Modularity of the Caecilian Skull Carla Bardua1,2* , Mark Wilkinson1, David J
Bardua et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2019) 19:30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1342-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Morphological evolution and modularity of the caecilian skull Carla Bardua1,2* , Mark Wilkinson1, David J. Gower1, Emma Sherratt3 and Anjali Goswami1,2 Abstract Background: Caecilians (Gymnophiona) are the least speciose extant lissamphibian order, yet living forms capture approximately 250 million years of evolution since their earliest divergences. This long history is reflected in the broad range of skull morphologies exhibited by this largely fossorial, but developmentally diverse, clade. However, this diversity of form makes quantification of caecilian cranial morphology challenging, with highly variable presence or absence of many structures. Consequently, few studies have examined morphological evolution across caecilians. This extensive variation also raises the question of degree of conservation of cranial modules (semi-autonomous subsets of highly-integrated traits) within this clade, allowing us to assess the importance of modular organisation in shaping morphological evolution. We used an intensive surface geometric morphometric approach to quantify cranial morphological variation across all 32 extant caecilian genera. We defined 16 cranial regions using 53 landmarks and 687 curve and 729 surface sliding semilandmarks. With these unprecedented high-dimensional data, we analysed cranial shape and modularity across caecilians assessing phylogenetic, allometric and ecological influences on cranial evolution, as well as investigating the relationships among integration, evolutionary rate, and morphological disparity. Results: We found highest support for a ten-module model, with greater integration of the posterior skull. Phylogenetic signal was significant (Kmult =0.87,p < 0.01), but stronger in anterior modules, while allometric influences were also significant (R2 =0.16,p < 0.01), but stronger posteriorly. -
Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians ∗ R
Syst. Biol. 63(5):779–797, 2014 © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syu042 Advance Access publication June 19, 2014 Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians ∗ R. ALEXANDER PYRON Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; ∗ Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; E-mail: [email protected]. Received 13 February 2014; reviews returned 17 April 2014; accepted 13 June 2014 Downloaded from Associate Editor: Adrian Paterson Abstract.—Amphibia comprises over 7000 extant species distributed in almost every ecosystem on every continent except Antarctica. Most species also show high specificity for particular habitats, biomes, or climatic niches, seemingly rendering long-distance dispersal unlikely. Indeed, many lineages still seem to show the signature of their Pangaean origin, approximately 300 Ma later. To date, no study has attempted a large-scale historical-biogeographic analysis of the group to understand the distribution of extant lineages. Here, I use an updated chronogram containing 3309 species (~45% of http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/ extant diversity) to reconstruct their movement between 12 global ecoregions. I find that Pangaean origin and subsequent Laurasian and Gondwanan fragmentation explain a large proportion of patterns in the distribution of extant species. However, dispersal during the Cenozoic, likely across land bridges or short distances across oceans, has also exerted a strong influence. -
80-80-1-PB.Pdf (1.515Mb)
Muñoz-QuesadaBiota Colombiana 1 (3) 289 - 319, 2000 Trichoptera of Colombia - 289 Ranas, Salamandras y Caecilias (Tetrapoda: Amphibia) de Colombia Andrés Rymel Acosta-Galvis Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Apartado Aéreo 15098, Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Colombia, Amphibia, Diversidad, Distribución, Lista de Especies Con una amplia variedad de ambientes producto de la factores como la existencia de colecciones que hasta el pre- interacción de procesos bióticos y abióticos, Colombia es sente no han sido reportadas en la literatura y la ausencia uno de los países neotropicales con mayor número de de inventarios sistematizados en zonas inexploradas cientí- vertebrados en el ámbito global, ocupando el primer lugar ficamente. Entre éstas podemos enumerar: las zonas altas y en cuanto al número de especies de aves y anfibios presen- medias del norte y centro de las Cordilleras Occidental y tes en su territorio; para el caso específico de los anfibios, Oriental, en particular las vertientes oriental y occidental de algunos autores sugieren que tal diversidad es una res- la Cordillera Occidental; la Serranía de Los Paraguas, Tatamá puesta ante factores como la posición geográfica, la y el Páramo de Frontino (en el Valle del Cauca, Risaralda y pluviosidad y la complejidad orográfica del país, y los cua- Antioquia, respectivamente); a lo largo de las partes altas les han generado una amplia gama de hábitats óptimos para Serranía del Perijá en el Departamento del Cesar, y los pára- el desarrollo de esta fauna (Ruiz et al.1996). mos y subpáramos del sur de Cundinamarca y Tolima en la Cordillera Oriental; y el norte de la Cordillera Central (en Durante la última mitad del siglo XX, el reporte de nuevas Antioquia). -
Taxonomia Dos Anfíbios Da Ordem Gymnophiona Da Amazônia Brasileira
TAXONOMIA DOS ANFÍBIOS DA ORDEM GYMNOPHIONA DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA ADRIANO OLIVEIRA MACIEL Belém, Pará 2009 MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA MESTRADO EM ZOOLOGIA Taxonomia Dos Anfíbios Da Ordem Gymnophiona Da Amazônia Brasileira Adriano Oliveira Maciel Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Curso de Mestrado, do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e Universidade Federal do Pará como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de mestre em Zoologia. Orientador: Marinus Steven Hoogmoed BELÉM-PA 2009 MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA MESTRADO EM ZOOLOGIA TAXONOMIA DOS ANFÍBIOS DA ORDEM GYMNOPHIONA DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA Adriano Oliveira Maciel Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Curso de Mestrado, do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e Universidade Federal do Pará como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de mestre em Zoologia. Orientador: Marinus Steven Hoogmoed BELÉM-PA 2009 Com os seres vivos, parece que a natureza se exercita no artificialismo. A vida destila e filtra. Gaston Bachelard “De que o mel é doce é coisa que me nego a afirmar, mas que parece doce eu afirmo plenamente.” Raul Seixas iii À MINHA FAMÍLIA iv AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço aos meus pais, a Teté e outros familiares que sempre apoiaram e de alguma forma contribuíram para minha vinda a Belém para cursar o mestrado. À Marina Ramos, com a qual acreditei e segui os passos da formação acadêmica desde a graduação até quase a conclusão destes tempos de mestrado, pelo amor que foi importante. A todos os amigos da turma de mestrado pelos bons momentos vividos durante o curso. -
Rampant Tooth Loss Across 200 Million Years of Frog Evolution
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.04.429809; this version posted February 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution 2 3 4 Daniel J. Paluh1,2, Karina Riddell1, Catherine M. Early1,3, Maggie M. Hantak1, Gregory F.M. 5 Jongsma1,2, Rachel M. Keeffe1,2, Fernanda Magalhães Silva1,4, Stuart V. Nielsen1, María Camila 6 Vallejo-Pareja1,2, Edward L. Stanley1, David C. Blackburn1 7 8 1Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 9 Gainesville, Florida USA 32611 10 2Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA 32611 11 3Biology Department, Science Museum of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota USA 55102 12 4Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense 13 Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará Brazil 14 15 *Corresponding author: Daniel J. Paluh, [email protected], +1 814-602-3764 16 17 Key words: Anura; teeth; edentulism; toothlessness; trait lability; comparative methods 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.04.429809; this version posted February 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. -
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY of the PODOPLANIN GENE Jaime Renart
*Revised Manuscript (unmarked) 1 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE PODOPLANIN GENE§ Jaime Renart1*, Diego San Mauro2, Ainhoa Agorreta2, Kim Rutherford3, Neil J. Gemmell3, Miguel Quintanilla1 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain 2Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution. Faculty of Biological Sciences. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040 Madrid. Spain 3Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences. University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand *Corresponding author: Jaime Renart Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM Arturo Duperier 4. 28029-Madrid. Spain. T: +34 915854412 [email protected] §We wish to dedicate this publication to the memory of our friend and colleague Luis Álvarez (†2016) 2 Keywords: PDPN, Evolution, Gnathostomes, exon/intron gain Abbreviations: BLAST, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; CT, cytoplasmic domain; EC, extracellular domain; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information; PDPN, podoplanin; SRA, Sequence Read Archive; TAE, Tris Acetate-EDTA buffer; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; UTR, untranslated region 3 ABSTRACT Podoplanin is a type I small mucin-like protein involved in cell motility. We have identified and studied the podoplanin coding sequence in 201 species of vertebrates, ranging from cartilaginous fishes to mammals. The N-terminal signal peptide is coded by the first exon; the transmembrane and intracellular domains are coded by the third exon (except for the last amino acid, coded in another exon with a long 3’-UTR). The extracellular domain has undergone variation during evolutionary time, having a single exon in cartilaginous fishes, teleosts, coelacanths and lungfishes. In amphibians, this single exon has been split in two, and in amniotes, another exon has been acquired, although it has been secondarily lost in Squamata. -
Quantitative Surveying of Endogeic Limbless Vertebrates— a Case Study of Gegeneophis Ramaswamii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) in Southern India G.J
Applied Soil Ecology 23 (2003) 43–53 Quantitative surveying of endogeic limbless vertebrates— a case study of Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) in southern India G.J. Measey a,∗, D.J. Gower a, O.V. Oommen b, M. Wilkinson a a Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK b Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India Received 10 September 2002; received in revised form 16 December 2002; accepted 17 December 2002 Abstract Many subterranean, limbless reptiles and amphibians are predators of invertebrate soil ecosystem engineers. The potential importance of these predators in soil ecology partly rests on whether they occur in high densities, but their abundance has rarely been measured, and there are no standard methods. The mostly tropical and fossorial caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) are often considered rare, but there are very few quantitative data, and some species, including Gegeneophis ramaswamii,have been reported as abundant in some situations. Using simple and repeatable survey methods with randomised 1 m2 quadrats, surveys of G. ramaswamii were conducted at five localities in southern India. Densities of 0–1.87 m−2 per survey were measured, with means of 0.51 and 0.63 m−2 at the beginning and middle of monsoon, respectively. These densities were far greater than for sympatric caecilians (ichthyophiids; uraeotyphlids) and fossorial snakes (typhlopids; colubrids). While ecological data remain very scant, establishing quantitative methods to assess the abundance of endogeic limbless vertebrates is an important step toward greater understanding of subterranean predator–prey relations, and of monitoring populations of these poorly known organisms. -
The Integumentary Skeleton of Tetrapods: Origin, Evolution, and Development Matthew K
J. Anat. (2009) 214, pp441–464 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x REVIEWBlackwell Publishing Ltd The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development Matthew K. Vickaryous1 and Jean-Yves Sire2 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada 2Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7138-Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Paris, France Abstract Although often overlooked, the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes but most details of their evolution and development remain confused and uncertain. Herein we re-evaluate the tetrapod integumentary skeleton by integrating comparative developmental and tissue structure data. Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans. As presently understood, all are derivatives of the ancestral cosmoid scale and all originate from scleroblastic neural crest cells. Osteoderms are plesiomorphic for tetrapods but demonstrate considerable lineage-specific variability in size, shape, and tissue structure and composition. While metaplastic ossification often plays a role in osteoderm development, it is not the exclusive mode of skeletogenesis. All osteoderms share a common origin within the dermis (at or adjacent to the stratum superficiale) and are composed primarily (but not exclusively) of osseous tissue. These data support the notion that all osteoderms are derivatives of a neural crest-derived osteogenic cell population (with possible matrix contributions from the overlying epidermis) and share a deep homology associated with the skeletogenic competence of the dermis. -
English and I Don’T Speak Any Vietnamese, So Communication Was Mainly Done Through Body Language
1 ÍNDex Monday 15th October 2018 The conservation crisis of the birds of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. Carmel Croukamp ....................................... 5 The Importance of Keepers in Wildlife Veterinary Medicine . Martín Falzone, Temaikèn Foundation ...................... 6 The danish way. A reflective look at breeding and euthanasia in the modern zoo. Kåre Jensen .................................. 7 Global Collaboration for Animal Welfare. Sabrina Brando, WAZA ..................................................................... 8 Are you a committed keeper? Raúl Cabrera, ICZ/Barcelona Zoo ...................................................................... 8 Whale stranding. Sergio Rodríguez Heredia MSc, Mundo Marino Foundation ............................................... 9 Welfare: 24/7 across the lifespan. Sabrina Brando, WAZA. Workshop 1. Workshop 2. Workshop 3................... 10 Tuesday 16th October 2018 Yara Barros .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 The Individual in the Bigger picture. A male Sumatran Tiger’s integration and habituation to a new environ- ment, with a positive welfare state outcome. Joanne Richardson ..................................................................... 12 The importance of animal welfare during the transformation process at Buenos Aires City Interactive Ecopark. 4 María Florencia Presa, Guillermo Wiemeyer, Buenos Aires City Interactive Ecopark ................................. -
Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology
1 Biodiversity in a Changing World Proceedings of First National Conference on Zoology 28-30 November 2020 Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Supported By “Biodiversity in a Changing World” Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology 28–30 November 2020 ISBN: Published in 2021 © CDZ, TU Editors Laxman Khanal, PhD Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, PhD Indra Prasad Subedi Jagan Nath Adhikari Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Webpage: www.cdztu.edu.np 3 Preface The Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University is delighted to publish a proceeding of the First National Conference on Zoology: Biodiversity in a Changing World. The conference was organized on the occasional of the 55 Anniversary of the Department from November 28–30, 2020 on a virtual platform by the Central Department of Zoology and its Alumni and was supported by the IUCN Nepal, National Trust for Nature Conservation, WWF Nepal and Zoological Society of London Nepal office. Faunal biodiversity is facing several threats of natural and human origin. These threats have brought widespread changes in species, ecosystem process, landscapes, and adversely affecting human health, agriculture and food security and energy security. These exists large knowledge base on fauna of Nepal. Initially, foreign scientist and researchers began explored faunal biodiversity of Nepal and thus significantly contributed knowledge base. But over the decades, many Nepali scientists and students have heavily researched on the faunal resources of Nepal. Collaboration and interaction between foreign researchers and Nepali researchers and students are important step for further research and conservation of Nepali fauna.