DOCSLIB.ORG

Architectural Glazing Practices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Architectural Glazing Practices d third issue 89 Architectural Glazing Practices Preventing problems with glazed curtain walls By Robert G. Spindler Aluminum curtain walls for commer- high performance reflective glasses, the materials used in the glazing chan- cial office buildings began to evolve sealants, gaskets and other materials nel are affected by ultraviolet light, in the early 1950's. Today these glass used in the glazing channel are expos- these materials most likely will and metal building facades have pro- ed to considerable temperature ex- degradg producing costly repairs on ven themselves cost-effective, tremes and high concentratíons of the project. aesthetical ly pleasing, energy efficient ultraviolet light. Temperatures of and capable of per{orming under monolithic reflective glass in spandrel Chosen glass materials must meetthe stringent environmental conditions. or nonvision areas have been architect's specifications for perfor- Architects continue to design unique measured at 1900 F. This imposes con- mance, which usually are: structures with innovative concepts re- siderable expansion and high . Glass thickness and type (an- quiring, at times, the building temperature resistance requirements nealed, heat treated) to meet materials to meet extraordinary on all materials that come in contact specified and wind load specifications. With the advent of new with the glass. Depending on the type requirements, materials and philosophies in ar- of glass, significant amounts of o Thermal efficiency requirements chitectural design concepts, the total ultraviolet light can be reflected from for both summer and winter curtain wall, including metal, glass, the glass into the glazing material. lf conditions, sealants and gaskets, has had to per- o Aesthetic requirements, form under a variety of conditions; . Class type to resist the potential namely, thermal environment, of breakage due to thermal stress negative and positive wind loads, wall conditions, and system dead loads, water penetration, o Building codes. and air infiltration. The design of a properly functioning curtain wall system requires specific consideration GIass and Shading Devices of the glass retaining system or glaz- ing members. Draperies, blinds or other interior shading devices must be hung so as to provide space either at the top and bot- Glass Considerations tom or one side and bottom to permit natural air movement over the room With advent of heat absorbing and side of the glass, Figure 1 depicts the volume 7 number 3 copyright Hoffmann Architects 1989 I c .10 criteria that should be metto avoid for- tion at low temperatures may impose of over pounds per inch should be mation of a heat trap. The use of heat significant stresses on glass, sealants avoided. treated glass may be necessary to off- and gaskets. set the effects of a lack of adequate vent¡lation. The metal framing system must Glazing Guideline Dimensions uniformly support the glass. The glass industry has set guidelines that the The glazing system should provide for framing needs to be within limits for minimum face clearances, edge bow, squareness, and corner offset as clearances, and nominal bite (Figure indicated: 2). Adequate edge and face clearances will properly cushion the glass, ther- o Bow - 1/16 inch in any four foot mally and mechanically isolate the length of framing; glass framing members, and prevent . Squareness - 1/B inch difference glass to metal contact. A nominal bite l-1t2" in the lengths of the diagonals of on the glass will provide adequate l-1r2 (37mm) the frame; glass retention without excessive glass Minimum o CornerOffseL-1/32 inch ateach coverage. Excessive glass coverage can Glass Clearance corner, increase thermal stresses at the glass edge. The glass industry has also set t- guidelines on glass framing member Venetian Blind deflection under design loads. This Setting Blocks 2'(50mm) Drapery or 2 guideline states that Minimum Roller Shade to minimize the Clearance potential for glass breakagg the glass Glass lights should be set on two 80 surround should not impose any ben- to 90 durometer neoprene setting ding or high concentrated com- blocks positioned the quarter 1-1t2' at pressive loads on the glass and should points. When this is impractical, the not deflect more than 1/l75th of its span under loading or 3/4 inch, Air Flow whichever is less. ln addition, the glaz- ing system chosen should isolate the glass from other parts of the wall. à Figure 1. indoor shading and heat duct Iocations 1. Minimum 1-Vz" clearance required top and Sealant and Gasket Considerations bottom or one side and bottom between b shading device and surrounding construction. Sealants and gaskets must withstand 2. Minimum 2" clearance between glass and the anticipated shading device. movement of members 3. Heating/cooling outlets must be to room with which they come in contact, be SEÍ|NG BLOCKS (2 per sill) side of shading device. compatible with other materials being used, retain their properties after ex- WEEP YSTEIV{ {3 ær sil) posure to anticipated environmental (a) (b) (c) Metal Considerations conditions and not impose any undue OreEll Face Blte Edge Thlckness C eaËnce C ea6nce stress on the glass. Gaskets should be Because the coefficient of thermal ex- designed so Monol¡thlc that the section contacting G aas tla" elø" 14' V4 pansion for aluminum is approximate the outer glass face has a slope on it to ly 13 x 1ùe inchedinch, lnsulallng sla" ¡ls" thermal mor,e provide water runoff. Caskets should Glas Unlt3 l¿-1' 31rc" V2' 1A ment of the curtain wall metal system be designed to give a uniform contact must be properly considered. Expan- pressure of fourto six pounds per inch sion at high temperatures and contrac- to make the seal watertight. Pressures figure 2. glazing dimensions 2 I d setting blocks can be installed to within six inches of the vertical glass edge. The setting block should be 1/10 -'l inch in length for each square foot of glass area, but no less than four inches CLEARANCE BETWEEN in length. The setting block should be CLASS AND FRAME 1/16 inch less than the full channel TOLERANCES FOR width and be of sufficient he¡ght to SQUARENESS OF GLASS provide the nominal recommended WITHIN MANUFACTURING bite and minimum glass edge LIMITS clearance (Figure 2). BITE IN ACCORDANCÊ WITH MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATIONS Clearances, Shims, Drainage EDGE BLOCKS RECOMMENDED FOR Tolerances for the metal frame and DRY GLAZING SYSTEMS glass must be taken into account so that the glass is free to float in the '//) V//' ALLOW FOR DBAINAGE JAMBS opening and does not directly touch @ the framing system (Figure 3). Edge SETTING BLOCK blocking should be used to limit lateral 2 REOUIRED movement or side walking of the glass WEEP HOLES 3 _ 3/8'' DIA. caused by horizontal expansion or OR EOUIVALENT contraction and building vibration. Lack of edge blocking can permit glass to framing contact on one edge that could result in glass breakage. lf the glass is permitted to move to one side of the glazing channel, air and water infiltration can result. figure 3. clearances, shims, drainage Water should not be permitted to re- main in the glazing rabbet. A weep system should incorporate enough temperature differentials caused by special performance required of the weep holes to ensure adequate various adjoining material, shading rest of the glazing components. drainage; usual ly this consists of three patterns and shading devices. lt must % in. diameter holes or equivalent, also have the ability to prevent water Considerations that may influence the equally spaced at the sill (Figure 2). penetration, prevent or minimize air choice of glazing systems include the infiltration or exfiltration, and create initial and replacement costs, and the thermal barriers to prevent heat loss workmanship available, since wet Glazing System through the frame and condensation systems requi re better workmanship. Performance Consideration on the frame. The location of the glazing joints may also have an influence. These are, The glazing system must have the At the same time, the system must also from least to most demanding: com- capability of transferring wind and im- present an appearance consistent with pletely interior, interior joint or ex- pact loads to the surrounding struc- design goals and retain its appearance terior light, protected interior and ture while cushioning the glass. lt and function over the anticipated life exposed exterior. must accommodate thermal expan- span of the building, given the sion and contraction of the frame and maintenance program planned. Final- The choice oÍ glazingsystem can also glazing materials and accommodate ly, the glazing system must match any be influenced by the glazing or 3 ¿ preformed tape; ureather resistance under the bottom edge of the glass is less critical but adhesive and and spacer shims to ensure proper movement capabilities remain clearance between the face of the important. glazing material and the framing . Heel bead - applied on interior channels. side after glazing material is install- ed; provides a seal at removable stop; same considerations as those Common Causes of for toe beads. Glazing Failures Solvent release butyls, acrylics and These are the most common causes acetic acid liberating silicones should of glazing failures: not be used when they come in con- ¡ Installation at temperatures tact w¡th insulating glass units, as the below 40 F. sealant may not be compatible with ¡ Failure to properly seal miter and the sealing material used for the in- butt joints. sulating glass units. The sealant sup ¡ Sash rabbet not clean and free plier and the glass supplier should be of contamination. contacted to determine specific com- ¡ patibi I ity recommendations. Lateral shifting or walking of glass. o Failure to properly bed, cushion lnstallation Considerations or center the glass. sealant materials used. Tinted and . lmproper glazing system used, reflective coated glass can heat Most sealants cannot be installed one that is not suited to the sash sealants to high temperatures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aama/Npea/Nsa 2100-12
    AMERICAN ARCHITECTURAL AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100-12 Specifications for Sunrooms (Editorially Revised) MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION • PREFACE ........................................................................................................... 1 FOREWORD ...................................................................................................... 1 1.0 SCOPE ......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................... 2 3.0 GENERAL DEFINITIONS ............................................................................ 3 4.0 SUNROOM CATEGORIES .......................................................................... 5 5.0 FENESTRATION PRODUCTS PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS........ 5 6.0 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING ..................................... 6 7.0 THERMAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 7 8.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SUNROOMS ....................................... 8 ©2012 American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), National Patio Enclosure Association (NPEA), & National Sunroom Association (NSA) – These printed or electronic pages may NOT be reproduced, republished or distributed in any format without the express written consent of AAMA, NPEA and NSA. This document was developed and maintained by representative members of AAMA, NPEA and NSA as advisory information. AAMA, NPEA & NSA DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
    [Show full text]
  • The Building Envelope: Energy Efficiency and Economics
    ISSUE 4/2009 V O L U M E 2 6 N U M B E R 4 Journal of architectural technology published by Hoffmann Architects, Inc., specialists in the rehabilitation of building exteriors. The Building Envelope: Energy Efficiency and Economics Richard P. Kadlubowski, AIA and Dean W. Yates, AIA According to the U.S. Environmen- As these structures age, we are tal Protection Agency (EPA), the con- faced with a choice: rehabilitate and struction and operation of buildings is upgrade the inefficient buildings, or responsible for nearly half of America’s replace them. greenhouse gas emissions. In com- With landmark and historic struc- parison, all forms of transportation tures, the importance of preserving combined—including airplanes, trucks, the existing building is clear. But what buses, and cars—account for just a about buildings that are neither ef- quarter of total emissions. Because so ficient nor architecturally significant? much of the country’s building stock Replacing an old building with a new was constructed when fuel was cheap one uses energy. That energy takes and plentiful, little regard was paid to many, many years to recover through designing energy-saving enclosures. improved performance—if at all. A better approach, then, is to improve the energy profile of the buildings we already have. To cut back on energy consumption, federal, state, and local authorities have adopted increasingly rigorous standards for building performance. These regulations, along with tax incentives for improved energy man- agement, have led to an upsurge in energy efficiency retrofits for existing structures. Before investing in major capital improvements to heating and cooling systems, however, consider making simple, less costly upgrades to the building enclosure.
    [Show full text]
  • This Year's Top 50 Contract Glaziers Rankings Show a Decline in Sales
    This Year’s Top 50 Contract Glaziers Rankings Show a Decline in Sales, But Optimism for the Year Ahead 34 hh USGlass Metal & Glazing hhFebruary 2021 For the David M. Rubenstein Forum at the University of Chicago, Glass Solutions’ scope included 31,500 square feet of its UCW 3400 Series 2-sided captured #33 unitized curtainwall system. f there was a word to describe the overall outlook surrounding the contracting glazing industry, that word might be cautious. Much of the industry survived the storm that began here in the U.S. last March when the country began to shut down due I to the rapid spread of the coronavirus. While we haven’t yet made it to the other side, many contract glaziers pointed to vac- cine distribution (see related article on page 30) and an end to the COVID-19 pandemic as reasons for optimism this year. “We hope to see the impacts of COVID-19 begin to subside re- sulting in more new construction projects, fewer COVID-19 pre- cautions at jobsites and, most importantly, the ability to restore and maintain personal connections with our employees and custom- ers,” said Adam Boeckmann, president and CEO of Architectural Wall Systems in Des Moines, Iowa. Given the many shutdowns across the country in 2020, it’s prob- ably not a surprise that sales for many contract glazing companies were down. According to this year’s report, the top 20 contract gla- ziers on our list saw more significant declines in 2020 than the top glazing contractors group as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Glazier Quick Start Guide
    Guide QDM-05-000037 Glazier Quick Start Guide Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction • Preface • Conflicting Technical Requirements • Assumptions • Quality Assurance • Delivery, Storage, and Handling Section 2: Dynamic Electrochromic Glass • Intro to Dynamic Electrochromic Glass • Glazing Materials, Products and Consumables • Diagrams of View Controls Section 3: Before You Begin Installation • Glazing Scope • Coordination • Installation Preparation Section 4: Approval of Glazier Shop Drawings • Review Process of Glazier Integration Strategy • Approval Process of Final Glazier Shop Drawings • Submission of Stamped Glazier Shop Drawings Section 5: Glazier Training • Online Training • Glazier Shop Training • On-Site Training Section 6: Installation • Holes and other penetrations • Grommet Applications and Requirements • Cable Management Section 7: Required IGU Testing Protocols • Work Breakdown Structure for testing IGUs • Cable Pathways & Cable Identification • Cable Management Rev 04 | Jun 2021 © 2021 View, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Glazier Quick Start Guide Section 1: Introduction Preface The information in this installation guide is designed to assist our trade partner with the preparation, installation, commissioning and quality assurance checks for View, Inc. products. Our trade partner must ensure that all requirements below are met with equivalent or superior products, consumables, recommendations and standards. View, Inc. makes no guarantee as to the accuracy of information obtained from outside sources. View does not assume responsibility for workmanship. Rev 04 | Jun 2021 © 2021 View, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Glazier Quick Start Guide Conflicting Technical Requirements Any conflicting terms, specifications or other written requirements must be brought to the attention of View’s Purchasing Department before installation begins. Assumptions This installation guide assumes the following: 1. Glazing Trade partner understands the layout and configuration requirements of the View provided interconnect drawings.
    [Show full text]
  • Thin-Stone Veneers Offer Unique Design and Performance Demands
    Journal of architectural technology published by Hoffmann Architects, specialists in exterior rehabilitation Third Issue 1997 Volume 15 Number 3 Thin-Stone Veneers Offer Unique Design and Performance Demands relatively new product known as rein- Theodore F. Babbitt, AIA forced stone veneer is also available. Made of very thin stone veneers N ew stone-cutting technologies laminated with epoxy to a reinforcing have allowed for ever-thinner stone expanded-steel mesh, these reinforced veneers to be used as a curtain-wall stone panels come in 5/16" and 3/16" component on high-rise and other thicknesses and offer the strength of buildings, a radical departure from the stone veneers twice their thickness. traditional use of dimension stone as This new technology was developed in a load-bearing element or a heavy- Turin, Italy and to date has been used in weight, non-load bearing facade. But Europe and New York City. while these veneers offer an excellent design opportunity at a cost lower An Intrinsic Danger than dimension stone, relatively little While the engineering principles and data is available on their long-term physical properties of dimension stone performance. And problems are are well understood and tested by starting to crop up after just two time, thin-stone veneers offer a new decades of use. Owners, architects, realm of design, engineering, fabrica- and builders should be forewarned tion, transport, and installation when choosing thin-stone veneers: demands. Testing prior to installation precise detailing is essential to may show no problems, but under prevent displacement, cracking, real-world conditions, veneers may spalling, water intrusion, and, ulti- begin to display unexpected and mately, failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoffmann Architects, Inc. G000
    DRAWINGS G000 COVER SHEET G001 SITE PLAN, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND NOTES A101 FLOOR PLANS A201 EAST AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS A202 WEST AND NORTH ELEVATIONS FACADE REPAIRS A501 DETAILS 61 DURANT TERRACE MIDDLETOWN, CT CITY OF MIDDLETOWN 245 deKOVEN DRIVE 06457 HOFFMANN ARCHITECTS, INC. 2711 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 333 2321 Whitney Avenue, 2 nd Floor 1040 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 14C Arlington, VA Hamden, Connecticut New York, NY SEAL 22202 06518 10018 PROJECT NO. 219068 17 SEPTEMBER 2020 G000 COPYRIGHT HOFFMANN ARCHITECTS, INC. 2020 DURANT TERRACE (ONE WAY) FACADE SIDEWALK SIDEWALK REPAIRS MAIN DRIVEWAY ENTRANCE CANOPY 61 DURANT TERRACE MAIN ENTRANCE MIDDLETOWN, CT NORTH PARKING LOT LAKE STREET EXISTING BUILDING ENTRANCE/ ENTRANCE/ 61 DURANT TERRACE EXIT EXIT BUILDING ADDRESS: SIDEWALK 61 DURANT TERRACE DUMPSTERS SOUTH PARKING LOT MIDDLETOWN, CT 06457 DURANT STREET ENTRANCE/ EXISTING TERRACE EXIT SIDEWALK CLIENT / OWNER: CITY OF MIDDLETOWN EXISTING 245 deKOVEN DRIVE PERGOLA MIDDLETOWN, CT 01109 SITE PLAN EXISTING SCALE: BOCCE COURT BIRDSEY AVENUE (ONE WAY) GENERAL NOTES: DRAFTING SYMBOLS: SIDEWALK 1. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL FIELD VERIFY ALL DIMENSIONS AND CONDITIONS OF THE SITE AND/OR BUILDING. 2. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL, UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE NORTH ARROW CONTRACT DOCUMENTS, SECURE AND PAY FOR THE REQUIRED CONSTRUCTION PERMIT(S), FEES, LICENSES AND INSPECTIONS NECESSARY FOR THE PROPER EXECUTION OF THE WORK. 3. COORDINATION OF ALL WORK UNDER THIS CONTRACT SHALL BE MAINTAINED TO ENSURE THE QUALITY AND TIMELY COMPLETION OF FLOOR ELEVATION MARK THE WORK/PROJECT. ELEVATION NOTICE: 4. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL PERFORM ALL CUTTING AND PATCHING REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE WORK OR TO MAKE ITS PARTS FIT DO NOT SCALE DRAWINGS.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Restoration of Yale University's Art + Architecture Building
    Sustainable Restoration of Yale University’s Art + Architecture Building RUSSELL M. SANDERS, BENJAMIN SHEPHERD, ELIZABETH SKOWRONEK, AND ALISON HOFFMANN Renovation of a Modernist icon Renovation of Paul Rudolph Hall at by a serious fire in 1969, the structure demanded innovation to restore the Yale University suffered a series of unsympathetic reno- vations, which split and reconfigured its original aesthetic while incorporating When Yale University’s Art + Architec- soaring double-height drafting room and ture Building was completed in 1963, sustainable-design strategies. obstructed light and views. The external New York Times architecture critic Ada facade was scarred and barely recogniz- Louise Huxtable praised it as “a spec- able after Rudolph’s vast fenestrations tacular tour de force.”1 It appeared on were filled in with double-glazed win- the cover of every major architecture dows that were disrespectful of the magazine and has since been described original geometries. Interior volumes as “the Bilbao of its day.”2 Designed by lost their definition not only through Paul Rudolph, then chair of the School unwelcome intrusions and divisions but, of Architecture, the Art + Architecture more importantly, by removal of the Building is considered one of his most ceiling planes and the signature linear important works. The complex of inter- lighting system that defined them. locking spaces and strata catapulted the For the project team in 2006, the designer to fame with its assertive treat- task was imposing: restore a controver- ment of concrete forms (Fig. 1). sial, commanding piece of American By the late 1990s, however, the build- architectural heritage while introducing ing had been so altered that it bore little new infrastructure and sustainability resemblance to its original form.
    [Show full text]
  • Insulated Glazing Panels
    NEW INSULATED GLAZING PANELS 3255 Penn Street, Hatfield, PA 19440-1731 800.523.2347 I LaminatorsInc.com Effective March 2019 Tech Support: 800.523.2347 LaminatorsInc.com NEW INSULATED GLAZING PANELS In addition to our standard flat Thermolite™ panel, Laminators now offers fabricated options to provide additional R-Value, new aesthetics, and the ability to create hairline joints between panels. Thermolite Glazing Panels are designed to easily fit into any standard or custom glazing system. With building and energy efficiency codes becoming even more stringent, these panels can be a smart solution for your next project. When you need a high-tech look with energy-saving, insulating properties for glazing inserts, Thermolite panels are the answer. Thermolite panels are constructed with an insulating foam core sandwiched between finished aluminum sheets and two corrugated stabilizers. Available in smooth or stucco-embossed finishes in a variety of colors, Thermolite panels create a highly decorative and durable surface with excellent insulating properties. Features Applications • Custom Colors • Curtain Walls • Smooth or Stucco-Embossed Finish* • Window Systems • Project-Specific Customization • Window Replacement • 5-Year Panel Construction Warranty • Commercial Door Systems • Opaque Glazing *See chart for details. • Storefronts • In-Fill Panels • Spandrels • Butt Glazing THERMOLITE™ U-MAX A 7-ply, rabbet edge panel designed to provide increased insulation on the interior face of the panel. Thermolite U-MAX is a multi-layered, insulated glazing panel that consists of two foam plastic cores bonded to three thermoplastic stabilizers with finished sheets of aluminum on each face. Intended for use in standard glazing pockets of window, glazing, and curtain wall systems, panels include stepped edges on the interior side.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoffmann Architects, an Architecture and Engineering Firm
    NEWS Contact Alison Hoffmann 1.800.239.6665 [email protected] www.hoffarch.com HOFFMANN ARCHITECTS CELEBRATES 40 YEARS IN BUSINESS September 2017 – Hoffmann Architects, an architecture and engineering firm specializing in the rehabilitation of building exteriors, commemorates the founding of the firm 40 years ago, in 1977. Hoffmann Architects’ history began with the mission to address design details that are commonly overlooked. After immigrating to the United States from Hungary in the 1950s, Hoffmann Architects founder and president John J. Hoffmann, FAIA studied architecture at the City College of New York. As a young architect, he observed that the design of construction details was falling less and less to design professionals, and more to vendors and installers. As a result, intersections, terminations, and other details were often executed inadequately, leaving buildings open to distress and failure. In 1977, he founded his own practice, Hoffmann Architects, with the intention of providing specialized expertise in building exterior details and construction technology. Since that time, Hoffmann Architects has grown to nearly four dozen employees in three states and has evolved a reputation for excellence in building envelope rehabilitation design. Hoffmann Architects staff with owner John J. Hoffmann, FAIA (center) in the early 1980s. Consistently ranked in the top 100 architecture/engineering firms by Building Design+Construction magazine, Hoffmann Architects has contributed to the preservation and longevity of some of the most significant architectural landmarks in the United States, including the United States Capitol, the Smithsonian Institution, the Chrysler Building, Rockefeller Center, the New York Stock Exchange, the United Nations, Folger Shakespeare Library, the Ford Foundation Building, and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • Windows: an Integral Part of the Building Envelope
    ISSUE 3/2008 V O L U M E 2 5 N U M B E R 3 Journal of architectural technology published by Hoffmann Architects, Inc., specialists in the rehabilitation of building exteriors. Windows: An Integral Part of the Building Envelope Juan Kuriyama, AIA and Bradley Carmichael, EIT With the reports from recent tion options may be limited by any clinical research substantiating the number of factors, from landmark importance of natural lighting and regulations to structural limitations to ventilation in workplace productivity, aesthetic concerns, within these limits it health, and well-being, window design is often possible to improve energy effi- has become about more than building ciency, optimize light transmittance, and aesthetics or even energy efficiency. shape building appearance both inside From the capacity to create dramatic and out. And, because deterioration in gestures in glazing afforded by glass one building component can adversely curtain wall technology, to the im- affect interrelated components, ad- provements in thermal transfer made dressing distress or inefficiency in the possible by chemical advances in the fenestration not only will impact other glazing industry, to the race to develop building systems, but, as new research carbon-neutral strategies like “day- has touted, will shape one critical part lighting” that reduce demand on the of the building dynamic: the occupants. power grid, windows have taken on multi-faceted significance in building A Window Components Primer design. Even from humankind’s earli- est attempts at creating boundaries, Before considering rehabilitation op- we’ve found that our most successful tions for existing windows, it’s impor- efforts establish meaningful connec- tant to know the composition and tions between inside and outside, properties of the existing wall system, which establish our control over the so that an appropriate, compatible delimited structure by contextualizing repair or replacement design can be developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Considerations for Historic Window Replacement and Repair
    I S S U E 2/2020 VOLUME 37 NUMBER 2 Journal of architectural technology published by Hoffmann Architects, Inc., specialists in the rehabilitation of building exteriors. Performance Considerations for Historic Window Replacement and Repair Rachel C. Palisin, PE, LEED AP BD+C and Richard W. Off, AIA F rom the stained glass windows Determining a path for historic win- that welcome variegated light into dow treatment that balances aesthet- cathedrals to the steel-framed geo- ics and historic integrity with contem- metric designs of Art Deco and the porary performance standards can be bold leaded glass of the Prairie style, challenging, particularly if the windows windows have served to define the are architecturally significant. character of buildings and spaces since Through thoughtfully designed and ex- the advent of glazed fenestration. Not ecuted repairs, some historic windows only do windows estab- can realize performance gains that ex- lish the aesthetics and tend their lifespan and improve indoor ambiance of a structure, comfort. However, where deteriora- they form an integral part tion is advanced, or where there is a of the building enclosure. More than ornament, compelling need to modernize the as- windows serve a vital role sembly to meet current performance in protecting the building standards, replacement may be war- from the elements and in ranted. In such cases, careful consider- modulating the transfer of ation of materials and window design heat, moisture, and light is critical to respecting historic char- from exterior to interior. acter while meeting project require- ments. Decisions about wood frames As windows age, their versus metal or composite, insulating components become glazing versus single-pane, true divided subject to the ravages of lights versus applied muntins, and time and weather: sealant historical versus modern anchorage, crumbles, wood decays, Meeting performance demands while preserving building among other considerations, require metal corrodes, glass character presents challenges for historic window projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 50 Glaziers
    JUNE 2019 GLASS UNDER TOP 50 FIRE IN NYC GLAZIERS WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT GLASSBUILD SALES UP, AMERICA BUT SIGNS OF PREVIEW OFFICIAL PUBLICATION SLOWING? NATIONAL GLASS ASSOCIATION with GANA GLASS.ORG TOP 50 GLAZIERS ARCHITECTURAL WALL SYSTEMS - KRAUSE GATEWAY CENTER - DES MOINES, IOWA - PHOTO BY MICHEL DENANCÉ 36 GLASSMAGAZINE.COM BY NORAH DICK The following report captures the current • market reality of the glazing industry. Glass 38. SALES Magazine’s annual Top 50 Glaziers program, - now in its 27th year, looks at the health of SALES UP, the glazing market by surveying top glazing BUT SIGNS OF companies about sales, bid levels, profit SLOWING? margins and staffing. Market statistics also provide benchmarks for levels of activity by • region, and by building segment. 44. MARKET For a list of the Top 50 glazing companies - serving the United States, ranked by sales COMMERCIAL volume, see pages 55-57. Projects from these CONSTRUCTION, companies are showcased throughout the NORTHEAST feature. In addition to the ranked List, the REGION, DRIVE report again includes our list of Glazier MARKET Partners, standout glazing companies nominated by their fabricator partners, found • on pages 56-57. 50. CHALLENGES - LABOR, SCHEDULING, TARIFFS • 54. COMPANIES - RANKED BY SALES, PLUS TOP GLAZIER PARTNERS JUNE 2019 37 TOP 50 GLAZIERS - 2019 REPORT SALES UP, BUT SIGNS OF 01-SALESSLOWING? The glazing market remained strong in The number of companies in the lowest sales 2018, with gross sales for Top 50 Glaziers at range of the Top 50—$20-$30 million—rose nearly $4 billion. A slight majority of Top from 12 companies in 2017 to 18 companies in 50 Glaziers—55 percent—reported year-over- 2018.
    [Show full text]