Concord Review
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THE CONCORD REVIEW I am simply one who loves the past and is diligent in investigating it. K’ung-fu-tzu (551-479 BC) The Analects George Ripley Elizabeth Twomey Isidore Newman School, New Orleans, Louisiana The Italian State Antonia Woodford Horace Mann School, Bronx, New York Theodore Roosevelt Lucia A. Randall Montclair Kimberley Academy, Montclair, New Jersey Kim Dae Jung Youngkwon “Noah” Yu Perkiomen School, Pennsburg, Pennsylvania Sinn Féin Simeon R. Burke Lincoln Park High School, Chicago, Illinois Battle of Gettysburg Robert D. Hogan Glastonbury High School, Glastonbury, Connecticut Sakhalin Koreans Yeon Woo Lee Daewon Foreign Language High School, Seoul, Korea May Fourth Movement Caroline W. Tan Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California The Land Ironclads Cody E. Nager North Salem High School, North Salem, New York Lodges vs. Kennedys Matthew C. Weinstein Belmont Hill School, Belmont, Massachusetts Louis vs. Schmeling Kevin Liu Appleby College, Oakville, Ontario, Canada A Quarterly Review of Essays by Students of History Volume 21, Number Two $15.00 Winter 2010 Editor and Publisher Will Fitzhugh e-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.tcr.org/blog The Winter 2010 issue of The Concord Review is Volume Twenty-One, Number Two. Partial funding was provided by: Subscribers, the Consortium for Varsity Academics®, and the Carnegie Corporation of New York ©2010, by The Concord Review, Inc., 730 Boston Post Road, Suite 24, Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776, USA. All rights reserved. This issue was typeset on a Macintosh quad-core, using Adobe InDesign, and fonts from Adobe. Editorial Offices: The Concord Review, 730 Boston Post Road, Suite 24, Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776 USA [1-800-331-5007] The Concord Review (ISSN #0895-0539), founded in 1987, is published quarterly by The Concord Review, Inc., a non-profit, tax-exempt, 501(c)(3) Massachusetts corporation. Subscription rates: $40 for one year online. Orders for 26 or more subscriptions (class sets) will receive a 40% discount. Subscription orders must be paid in advance, and change-of-address information must be sent in writing to: TCR Subscriptions: P.O. Box 476, Canton, MA 02021-0476 USA [781-335-3622]; Fax: 781-828-8915; email: [email protected] The Editor will consider all manuscripts received, but can assume no respon- sibility regarding them. All submitted manuscripts become the property of The Concord Review for one year from the date of receipt. Essays may be on any historical topic, should generally be 4,000-6,000 words or more, with Turabian (Chicago) endnotes and bibliography, may be submitted in hard copy and in RTF format in Microsoft Word, with a submission form and a check for $40 (or through PayPal). Essays in the Review are the sole property of the Review and, as provided by Article One, Section Eight, of the Constitution of the United States, “to promote the progress of the useful arts,” may not be republished, photo- copied, or reproduced without the express written permission of The Concord Review, Inc. Authors will be notified the month before their essay is published. THE CONCORD REVIEW Volume Twenty-One, Number Two Winter 2010 1 Elizabeth Twomey George Ripley and Transcendentalism 23 Antonia Woodford The Italian State 49 Lucia A. Randall Theodore Roosevelt as NYC Police Commissioner 83 Youngkwon Yu Kim Dae Jung 129 Simeon R. Burke The Factions of Sinn Féin 151 Robert D. Hogan Battle of Gettysburg 167 Yeon Woo Lee Sakhalin Koreans 195 Caroline W. Tan Woodrow Wilson and the May Fourth Movement 227 Cody E. Nager The Land Ironclads 245 Matthew C. Weinstein Lodges vs. Kennedys in 1952 285 Kevin Liu Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling HARVARD COLLEGE Office of Admissions and Financial Aid September 15, 2010 Mr. Will Fitzhugh The Concord Review 730 Boston Post Road, Suite 24 Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776 USA Dear Will, We agree with your argument that high school students who have read a complete nonfiction book or two, and written a serious research paper or two, will be better prepared for college academic work than those who have not. The Concord Review, founded in 1987, remains the only journal in the world for the academic papers of secondary students, and we in the Admissions Office here are always glad to see reprints of papers which students have had published in the Review and which they send to us as part of their application materials. Over the years, more than 10% (103) of these authors have come to college at Harvard. Since 1998, when it started, we have been supporters of your National Writing Board, which is still unique in supplying independent three-page assessments of the research papers of secondary students. The NWB reports also provide a useful addition to the college application materials of high school students who are seeking admission to selective colleges. For all our undergraduates, even those in the sciences, such competence, both in reading nonfiction books and in the writing of serious research papers, is essential for academic success. Some of our high schools now place too little emphasis on this, but The Concord Review and the National Writing Board are doing a national service in encouraging our secondary students, and their teachers, to spend more time and effort on developing these abilities. Sincerely, Bill William R. Fitzsimmons Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid WRF:oap Administrative Office: 86 Brattle Street • Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 VARSITY ACADEMICS® Since 1987, The Concord Review has published 923 history research papers, averaging 6,000 words, on a wide variety of historical topics by high school students in thirty- nine countries. We have sent these essays to our subscribers in thirty-two countries. This quarterly, the only one in the world for the academic work of secondary students, is tax-exempt and non-profit, and relies on subscriptions to support itself. The cost of a yearly subscription is $40. Orders for 26 or more [class sets] will receive a 40% discount. Schools in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Singapore, Thailand, Vermont, and Virginia now have class sets, and we hope you will consider ordering one. We are listed with the major subscription services, and you can also place your order for issues online through them. Please send your pre-paid orders, with your name and address, to: - TCR Subscriptions Post Office Box 476 Canton, MA 02021 U.S.A. [visit our website/blog at http://www.tcr.org/blog] We are a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt Massachusetts corporation. Notes on Contributors Elizabeth Twomey (George Ripley) is a Senior at the Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, Louisiana, where she received the Yale Book Award and was named a Warren G. Moses Scholar. She is co-editor of the school literary magazine, The Pioneer, and plans a biology major in college. Antonia Woodford (Italian State) is in her first year at Yale. At the Horace Mann School in Riverdale, New York, she was captain of the cross-country and indoor track teams, and a board member of the Model UN Team. Her earlier paper on Italian Fascism was published in The Concord Review. Lucia A. Randall (Theodore Roosevelt) is a Senior at the Montclair Kimberley Academy in Montclair, New Jersey, where she was honored as a Faculty Scholar and won High Research Distinction for this paper. Before her Junior year she was homeschooled and she swims year-round. She plays the clarinet and works as an aquatics instructor and lifeguard. Youngkwon Yu (Kim Dae Jung) is a Senior at the Perkiomen School in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, where is captain of the Model UN Team, and has been class president. He plays on the varsity soccer team and is a member of the swim team. He plays the saxophone in the school orchestra and is a member of the Math and Economics Clubs. Simeon R. Burke (Sinn Féin) is in his first year at St. Andrews University in Scotland. He was born in Wales, spent most of his childhood in Ireland, and two years in Fiji, and then graduated from Lincoln Park High School in Chicago, Illinois, where he earned the IB Diploma. At school he played drums in the band and was on the soccer team. Robert D. Hogan (Battle of Gettysburg) is a Senior at Glastonbury High School in Glastonbury, Connecticut, where he was on the ski racing team. He has been class tresurer for four years and is a peer educator. He is in the top 1% of his class of 510, and he was recognized by the College Board as an AP Scholar. THE CONCORD REVIEW Yeon Woo Lee (Sakhalin Koreans) is a senior at the Daewon Foreign Language High School in Seoul, Korea, where he has an English major and a Chinese minor. He is the editor of Harbinger, the school newspaper and has worked in the Associated Press Seoul bureau. Caroline W. Tan (May Fourth Movement) is at Yale. She graduated from Lynbrook High School in San Jose, California, where she was president of the Speech and Debate Team (ranked 3rd nationally) and was an AP Scholar with Distinction. In the Ivy Scholars Progam she won the Dr. Ted Broman Award for the best written Marshall Policy Brief. Cody E. Nager (Land Ironclads) is a Junior at North Salem High School in North Salem, New York, where he won first place in the George S. & Stella McKnight essay contest. He is a research assistant at the John Jay Homestead Historic Site, and is active in 4-H at local, state and national levels. Matthew C. Weinstein (Lodges vs. Kennedys) is a Senior at the Belmont Hill School in Belmont, Massachusetts, where he is editor of The Panel, the school newspaper, and won the Monaco American History Prize.