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Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document DOCUMENT RESUME ED 438 893 PS 027 793 AUTHOR Carlsson, Ulla, Ed.; von Feilitzen, Cecilia, Ed. TITLE Children and Media Violence. Yearbook from the UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, 1998. INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Goteborg (Sweden). International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen.; Nordic Documentation Center for Mass Communication Research, Aarhus (Denmark). SPONS AGENCY Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (Denmark). ISBN ISBN-91-630-6358-1 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 368p.; For 1999 yearbook, see PS 027 794. AVAILABLE FROM UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, Nordicom, Goteborg University, Box 713, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden (yearbook free for Clearinghouse members). Tel: 46-31-773-10-00; Fax: 46-31-773-46-55; Web Site: http://www.nordicom.gu.se; e-mail: [email protected]. PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC15 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Childhood Attitudes; *Children; Childrens Rights; Childrens Television; Foreign Countries; Government Role; Internet; Journalism; Legislation; *Mass Media Role; *Mass Media Use; *Media Research; Public Policy; Radio; Tables (Data); *Television; Television Research; Television Viewing; *Violence IDENTIFIERS UNESCO ABSTRACT This yearbook compiles information on research findings on children and youth and media violence, as seen from the perspective of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child. The thematic focus of the yearbook is on the influence of children's exposure to media violence. Section 1 of the yearbook, "Children and Media on the UN and UNESCO Agendas," includes articles on the significance of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Section 2,"Children and Violence on the Screen: Research Articles," includes articles on U.S. television violence and children, the nature and context of violence on American television, and media violence in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Europe, and Argentina. Section 3, "Children's Media Situation: Research Articles," contains articles describing children's media access and use in various parts of the world, including Asia, China, Australia, South Africa, and Belgium. Section 4, "Media in the World," provides statistics on children and the media worldwide. Section 5, "Children in the World," details demographic indicators for children worldwide. Section 6, "Children's Participation in the Media: Some Examples," describes examples of positive child participation in the media production process. Section 7 contains international declarations and resolutions regarding children and the media. Section 8 discusses regulations and measures as a basis for building television policy. A bibliography containing Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. approximately 300 references on children and media violence published after 1970 completes the yearbook.(KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as oo received from the person or organization originating it. 00 Minor changes have been made to .7r improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. enc Editors: Ulla Carlsson and Cecilia von Feilitzen Yearbook from the UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND 1998 DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY feIQ TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ' 1 BESTCOPY AVAILABLE The UNESCO The UNESCO International International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence Clearinghouse on Children and on the Screen, at Violence on the Screen Nordicom The Nordic Information Center for Media and Goteborg University Communication Research (Nordicom) has set up Box 713 SE 405 30 GOTEBORG, Sweden an international clearinghouse on children and Web site: violence on the screen. The Clearinghouse http://www.nordicom.gu.se receives financial support from the Government Dom: Ulla Carlsson of Sweden and UNESCO. The Clearinghouse is to contribute to and ScrENrorc co-oRarmioR: Cecilia von Fellitzen effectivize knowledge on children, young people Tel:+46 8 16 28 64 and media violence, seen in the perspective of Fax:+46 8 661 03 04 the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. E -mail: [email protected] The prime task is to make new knowledge and Documarmusr: Pia Hepsever data known to prospective users all over the Tel: +46 31 773 49 53 world. Fax: +46 31 773 46 55 E -mail: [email protected] The International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen informs various groups of usersabout THE CLEARINGHOUSE research findings concerning children, IS LOCATED AT NORDICOM young people and media violence, Nordicom is an organ of co-operation between the Nordic ongoing research on children and countries - Denmark, Finland, Iceland, media violence, Norway and Sweden. The overriding children's access to mass media and goal and purpose is to make the media and communication efforts undertaken their media use, in the Nordic countries known, both training and courses of study on throughout and far beyond our part of the world. children and the media, Nordicom uses a variety of chan- positive alternatives to media nels - newsletters, journals, books, violence, and databases - to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media measures and activities which aim to practitioners, journalists, teachers and limit gratuitous violence on television, interested members of the general in films, and in interactive media. public. Nordicom works to establish and The object of the Clearinghouse is three-fold: strengthen links between the Nordic to attract attention to the question of violence on research community and colleagues in all parts of the world, both by means of the screen and its role in the lives of children and unilateral flows and by linking individual young people, to stimulate initiatives and activ- researchers, research groups and ities to combat gratuitous violence, and to help institutions. provide a better basis for policy in the field. Nordicom also documents media trends in the Nordic countries. The joint The Clearinghouse is user-oriented, which Nordic information addresses users in means that our services are offered in response Europe and further afield. The produc- to demand and are adapted to the needs of our tion of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. clients. Nordicom is funded by the Nordic The Clearinghouse publishes a newsletter and Council of Ministers. a yearbook. Children and Media Violence andChildren Media Violence Editors: Ulla Carlsson and Cecilia von Feilitzen Yearbook from the UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on. the Screen 1998 Published by The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen Nordicom Goteborg University Box 713 SE 405 30 GOTEBORG Sweden Editors Ulla Carlsson and Cecilia von Feilitzen © 1998 Editorial matter and selections, the editors; articles, individual contributors Cover by Roger Palmqvist Printed by Livrena Grafiska AB, Kungalv, Sweden, 1998 ISBN 91-630-6358-1 Contents Foreword 9 Preface I Henrikas Yushkiavitshus 13 Preface II Nils Gunnar Nilsson 15 Children and Media on the UN and UNESCO Agendas The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Three Articles Concerning the Media 20 Children and Harmful Influences from the Media. The Significance of the UN Convention Thomas Hammarberg 21 The Child and the Media. A Report From the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Thomas Hammarberg 31 Youth and Communication Carlos A. Arnaldo Asa Finnstrom 35 Children and Violence on the Screen Research Articles Introduction Cecilia von Feilitzen 45 Children and Television Violence in the United States Ellen Wartella, Adriana Olivarez 6. Nancy Jennings 55 The Nature and Context of Violence on American Television Barbara J. Wilson, Dale Kunkel, Dan Linz, W James Potter, Ed Donnerstein, Stacy L. Smith, Eva Blumenthal, Mike Berry e3- Joel Federman 63 A Review of Research on Media Violence in Japan Sachiko Imaizumi Kodaira 81 Children, Media and Aggression. Current Research in Australia and New Zealand Kevin Durkin elason Low 107 Fighting Against Television Violence. An Israeli Case Study Dafiza Lemish 125 7 What Do We Know About European Research on Violence in the Media? Olga Linne 139 Why Do We Watch Television Violence? Argentine Field Research Tatiana Merlo-Flores 155 The UNESCO Global Study on Media Violence. Report Presented to the Director General of UNESCO Jo Groebel 181 Children's Media Situation Research Articles Children's Voice in the Media. A Study of Children's Television Programmes in Asia Anura Goonasekera 203 Media Influence and Chinese Urban Children's Ethics Development Sun Yunxiao 215 Children and Electronic Media. An Australian Perspective Stephen Nugent 223 An Overview of Children's Broadcasting in South Africa Nadia Bulbulia 231 Children and the Media in Flanders. A Brief Overview Keith Roe 239 Media in the World The Global Audio-Visual Media Landscape Robert Lamb 249 Statistics Television and Video 261 Children's & Youth's Television Programmes 266 Cinema Screens 271 Personal
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