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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template THE SANCTUARY OF ASCLEPIUS AT EPIDAURUS IN ROMAN TIMES By DAVID R. HOOT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 © 2014 David R. Hoot To my parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the faculty, staff and graduate students of the Classics Department at the University Florida. The collegial, inquisitive and generous atmosphere they created as teachers and students made the graduate experience at UF both stimulating and supportive. I am particularly indebted to the members of my dissertation committee, Florin Curta, Kostas Kapparis and Mary Ann Eaverly, who labored through my initial drafts to help sift the wheat from the chaff. Their ideas, comments and encouragement were invaluable. Special thanks go to my dissertation director, Robert Wagman, whose class on Greek epigraphy supplied the seed for this project and whose constant support, mentoring and friendship have been essential to this endeavor. Others deserving special gratitude are Tim Johnson, Alden Smith, Corey Brennan, Charlie Chiasson, Todd Bohlander, Dustin Heinen and Andrew Alwine. Finally, this work would not have been possible without the hospitality and assistance of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and the Blegen Library. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................11 Introduction to the Site: Topography ......................................................................................12 History of the Sanctuary .........................................................................................................18 History of Scholarship ............................................................................................................31 2 THE HELLENISTIC SANCTUARY .....................................................................................50 The Components of the Hellenistic Program..........................................................................51 The Activities of the Sanctuary ..............................................................................................80 Summary of the Hellenistic Sanctuary ...................................................................................96 3 CHRONOLOGY OF THE ROMAN BUILDINGS ...............................................................99 Construction from 146 BC to the Mid-Second Century AD ................................................100 Construction From the Mid-Second Century AD to Abandonment .....................................102 Integrated Chronology ..........................................................................................................157 4 THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ROMAN SANCTUARY .......................................................186 The Asclepieum from 146 BC to AD 152 ............................................................................186 Renaissance and Acme .........................................................................................................205 The Changing Fortunes of the Third Century .......................................................................231 The Decline of the Fourth Century .......................................................................................242 The New Sanctuary ...............................................................................................................245 The Overall Effect of Roman Modifications ........................................................................248 5 CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................261 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................276 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................289 5 LIST OF TABLES Table page 3-1 Comparison of name elements for Antoninus .................................................................167 3-2 Material fabric chart .........................................................................................................168 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1-1 The central Argolid. ...........................................................................................................44 1-2 Area of the Asclepieum .....................................................................................................45 1-3 Organization of the Asclepieum and lines of access. ........................................................46 1-4 Plan of the Sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas on the Kynortion hill. ......................................47 1-5 The northeast peak. ............................................................................................................48 1-6 The hill north of the sanctuary ...........................................................................................48 1-7 Plan of the Asclepieum ......................................................................................................49 2-1 The Banqueting Hall ..........................................................................................................98 3-1 Fabric group one. .............................................................................................................169 3-2 Fabric details of building K .............................................................................................170 3-3 Fabric details of Building Φ .............................................................................................171 3-4 Fabric details of the Skana ...............................................................................................172 3-5 Brickwork in Building Φ .................................................................................................173 3-6 Plans of Building K, Building Φ, and the Skana .............................................................174 3-7 The Roman House fabric .................................................................................................174 3-8 Stoa with hypocaust. ........................................................................................................175 3-9 Roman palaestra ...............................................................................................................175 3-10 Tholos terrace retaining wall ...........................................................................................176 3-11 Fabric group two. .............................................................................................................177 3-12 Fabric details of the Odeum .............................................................................................178 3-13 Fabric details of the NE Baths. ........................................................................................179 3-14 Fabric details of NW Complex ........................................................................................180 3-15 Late Roman Perimeteric Stoa ..........................................................................................181 7 3-16 Basilica and Agora. ..........................................................................................................182 3-17 The House with Mosaics ..................................................................................................182 3-18 Comparison of mosaics from the House with Mosaics and the Basilica I.......................183 3-19 Comparison of mosaics from the House with Mosaics and the Basilica II .....................184 3-20 The Banqueting Hall ........................................................................................................185 4-1 The Skana.........................................................................................................................257 4-2 Building Φ. .......................................................................................................................258 4-3 The Roman House............................................................................................................259 4-4 Structures around the Abaton...........................................................................................260 4-5 The stoa with hypocaust...................................................................................................260 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ArchDelt Ἀραιολογικὸν Δελτίον ArchEph Ἐφημερίς Ἀρχαιολογική Ergon Tὸ Ἔrgon τῆς Ἀρχαιολογικῆς Ἑταιρείας IG IV2 1 Inscriptiones Graecae, Volume IV2: Inscriptiones Argolidis - Epidauros OEΣME Ομάδα Εργασίας για την Συντήρηση των Mνημείων του Επιδαύρου. The Working Group for
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