The Engineering Technician. American Society for Engineeringeducation, Washington, D.C

Home , Engineering Technician

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 029 103 VT 007 797 The Engineering Technician. American Society for EngineeringEducation, Washington, D.C. Pub Date May 68 Note-23p. Available from-Publications,American Society for Engineering Education, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue. Washington, D.C. 20037 (S.50). EDRS Price MF-S025 HC-S125 Descriptors-*CareerOpportunities,*EngineeringTechnicians,*EngineeringTechnology. Occupational Information, *Program Descriptions Occupationaland educationalinformationconcerning12 categoriesof engineering technicians 'and engineeringtechnology is presented. This information covers the roleof the technicians, student qualifications, typicaljob titles, and typical educational programs. The categories presented are(1) air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration, (2) architectural and 'building construction,(3) aviation and aerospace. (4) chemical; (5) civil, (6) electrical and electronics,(7) electronics and computers, (8). fluid power, (9) industrial, (10) mechanical, (11)metallurgical, and (12) nuclear. (EM) at w 7,',at jr±: ltlfA sWilt?.`3114.1AMittNiT:VIIIA,4f,e AVIV ti, 4111i". ad U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE .4.. OF EDUCATION :4;4.OFFICE ..4 ...., , REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE , THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN ,...... 1... POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATINGIT. EDUCATION STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE Of

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;... 1 " I"1 " 6. Al.c! y * 'VI $.414,..':' 44)111.P* `4.61'6.4%1:1;t1VIIW4 DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of themathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways toutilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Engineering Technology is that part of the technological fieldwhich requires the application of scientific and engineering knowledge and methods combined with technical skillsin support of engineering activities; it lies in the occupational spectrum between the craftsman andthe engineer at the end of the spectrum closest to the engineer.

TABLE OF CONTENTS The Engineering Technician 1 Your Place as an Engineering Technican 1 Recognition 2 Opportunities 2 Salary 3 Programs 3 Qualifications 4 College Life 5 Military Service 5 Cost 5 After Graduation 7 Fields of Study 7 Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration 8 Architectural and/or Building Construction 8 Aviation/Aerospace 10 Chemical 11 Civil 12 Electrical 12 Electronics 14 Electronics and Computer 14 Fluid Power 16 Industrial 17 Mechanical, 19 Metallurgical 19 Nuclear 21 Sources of Additional Information 21

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Gratitude is expressed to Sandia Corporation for the photographs usedin this booklet; to Temple University for the line drawings; to the English Department of Southern TechnicalInstitute for preparation of the text; and to the many members of theTechnical Institute Administrative Council and the Technical Institute Division of the American Society for Engincering Education for suggestions in preparing the content.

Gratitude is also expressed to H. Walter Shaw, Judith Finger, and Armond Irwinof Technical Education News, McGraw-Hill Book Company, for advice and guidance at every step of preparingthis booklet.

Cover design: Paul Walker THE ENGINEERINGTECHNICIAN

Your Place as an EngineeringTechnician

Have you watched a jet airlinerlanding? a rocketlaunching, "live" or on television? the antenna of a radar setrotating? modern farm machinery moving across afield? an automobilemoving swiftly down a newhigh- way? Every time you see one ofthese familiar sights, you see a result oftechnology. Technology influences our most importantefforts, from conquering space to harnessing the atom. The UnitedStates is truly the nation that technology hasbuilt. The engineering team is thekeystone of our technological world. This engineering teamproduces most of our new products, materials,and techniques. This team includes scientists,engineers, engineering technicians, and skilled craftsmen.And this team can include YOU. If you prepare yourself tojoin this team as an engineering technician, you toowill play a vital part in our industrial society.You too will contribute to progress in fieldsranging from space exploration to ing technicians, and skilled craftsmen.Engineers and new and betterhousehold appliances. The all-impor- will bring you job recognition, scientists concern themselves withdesign, research, tant work you do today's scientists advancement. and advanced planning. However, security, and the chance for before for This booklet will tell youabout the engineering and engineers have less time than ever opportunities as an engineering tech- education in practical application. team and your will nicianan essential member ofthe engineering team. As an engineering technician, therefore, you for translating ideas into First, we should define the termsengineering tech- assume much responsibility practical applications. You will putthe scientist's nology and engineeringtechnician: creativity into action. You will work withthe engineer Engineering technology is that partof the tech- to take a design fromidea to planning, and then to nological field which requiresthe application of production. knowledge and methods As an engineering technician, youwill find a wide scientific and engineering jobs open to you. Using the combined with technicalskills in support of engi- range of important scientist's or engineer's designs and rough notes, you neering activities; it liesin the area between the control system for craftsman and the engineerin the part closest to might draw plans for an improved the latest rocket; or supervisemanufacturing opera- the engineer. tions in many fields; or select andsell specialized technical require- An engineering technician orengineering tech- equipment to meet your customer's work with engineers in building nologist is one whose educationand experience ments. You might qualify him to work in thefield of engineering the pilot system for a new chemical ortextile process; or assist in making surveysfor new interstate high- technology. ways; or aid inlaying out new manufacturing plants efficient flow of men, Therefore, as an engineeringtechnician you will and offices to assure the most be concerned primarilywith the application of estab- materials, and paperwork. scientific and engineeringknowledge and As an engineering technician, youmight work with lished and skilled methods. You will apply yourtechnical skills in solv- and supervise lesser-trained technicians craftsmen. You might expedite work onprodurtion ing technical problems. plan the produc- In short, you will getthings done as a member of orders, program work schedules, and tion or service to be done byskilled workers. the engineeringteamscientists, engineers, engineer- Recognition Recognition is only one of the benefits you will receive as an engineering technician. Your vital role on the engineering team is clear. National professional societies and accrediting agencies have testified that engineering technology is indispensable. So have industry and governmentbecause every modern organization needs that person who gets things done. Perhaps the best measure of this recognition is the credit given engineering technicians by professional engineering societies. For example, one of the major administrative groups in the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) is the Technical Insti- tute Administrative Council, which is concerned with administrative and policy developments in engineering technology education. The ASEE also has a Tech- nicalInstitute Division, whichisresponsible for academic developments in engineering technology your services will be great. Your pay will be good. education. Your chalices for advancement will be most attractive. Thus, top leaders in engineering education welcome As an engineering technician, you will find the engineering technicians as team members and guide law of supply and demand working in your favor. their educational programs. In 1967 only two engineering technicians were gradu- The Engineers' Council for Professional Develop- ated for every five engineers. The United States needs ment (ECPD) is the nationally recognized accrediting two or three engineering technicians for each engi- agency for engineering programs. For many years the neer. There is, then, an extreme shortage of engineer- ECPD has also reviewed and accreditedtwo-year ing technicians, and your career opportunities are engineering technology programs. More recently, the excellent. ECPD has been accrediting four-year baccalaureate You will find a broad range of opportunity, with programs in engineering technology. many clusters of jobs. For example, as a civil engineer- Many engineering technology schools are also ac- ing technician, you might work in a research labora- credited by regional accrediting agencies. These same tory developing and testing new bridge, highway, or agencies accredit other colleges and universities. dam designs. Or you might work in an engineering Most professional groups have licensing or certifi- firm, aiding in the design of all types of buildings; or cation for formal recognition. The Institute for the as a salesman for a manufacturer of structural com- Certificationof Engineering Technicians (ICET), ponents; or as a supervisor on a construction project. sponsored by the National Society of Professional Engi- These are examples of careers you can expect as neers, certifies engineering technicians in these classi- an engineering technician within the civil engineer- fications: Junior Engineering Technician, Engineering ing technology field. You will find the same excellent Technician, and Senior Engineering Technician. Certification by the ICET depends on experience, education, and recommendation by professional engineers. All applications for certification are reviewed by the ICET's Board of Trustees, which is made up of four registered professional engineers and four senior engineering technicians. More than 9,000 technicians have been certified in the last five years.

Opportunities We have shown the recognition you will receive as an engineering technician. But what about career opportunities in engineering technology? You can sum these up in just three sentences: The demand for

2 opportunities in any other field of engineering tech- program with eitherpre-engineering programs or with nology. The great breadth of every technical fieldwill vocational training programs. Pre-engineering pro- offer you a career which suits your personalinterests grams usuallyduplicate the freshman and sometimes colleges. and abilities. the sophomore years of four-year engineering Thus, they do not offer you the immediate career training provided by engineering technology programs. Vocational training programs, designed totrain Salary other members of the engineering team, arethem- As a well-trained engineering technician, you can selves very important. However, they emphasize mechanical and manual skills rather than college-level expect a good starting salaryjust as soon as you graduate. Then, as you gainexperience or pursue further subject matter. Vocational programs prepare young advance men and women forspecific jobs while engineering education, you will have the opportunity to clusters of both in salary and in responsibility. technology programs will prepare you for In addition to the rewards of a goodstarting salary, careers in the broaderfields of engineering technology. curriculum excellent promotional prospects, andsecurity, you In summary, an engineering technology of knowing offers you a planned sequence of college-level courses will derive job satisfactionthe pleasure bache- that because you did your jobproperly, the concrete leading to a certificate, an associate degree, or a technology. will not fail, the automobile will besafe, the chemi- lor's degree in a field of engineering work with your Two-year and three-year programs leading to as- cal analysis will be correct. You will provide the organization's top managers, engineers,and designers. sociate degrees in engineering technology engineer- You will have your "fingers on thepulse" of your ')asic education you need for success as an organization's most important plans.Other team ing technician. The bachelor's degree programs are broader in scope than the associate degree programs members will welcome your ideas,skills, and opinions. member of your and will give you additional education inthe human- You will be respected as a vital of our cul- organization's staff. In short, you willbuild for your- istic studies essential to an understanding satisfying future. tural heritage. self a responsible, secure, and four- Naturally, the critical work demanded of you as an Some colleges now offer both two-year and engineering technician requires that youhave the year programs, withthe content of the former count- and training. The next section ing toward requirements of the latter.A college's necessary education available at will tell you about preparingyourself to join the official catalog will show you programs that institution, plus any arrangementsfor moving engineering team. into a four-year program upon completionof a two- year program. Not everyone can join the engineering team.But since you have read this far, you areprobably seriously Programs considering a career in engineering technology,and you will want to knowthe requirements for entrance Since World War II, technologyhas "boomed." This tremendous surge in technologyhas focused emphasis on technician education,making engineering technology among the mostvital of all educational programs. A variety of programs to teachengineering technicians have developed. You canstudy. engineering technology in several kinds of colleges:technical insti- tutes (collegeswhich specialize in engineering technology); junior or communitycolleges; and the technical divisions of someuniversities. In academic level,engineering technology programs resemble other college programs,and usually lead to *CONS,TRUCTION either a two-year or a four-yeardegree. However, you will find that mostengineering technology programs MECHANICAL are self-contained.That is, they prepare graduates for immediate employment inspecialized fields of in- "EL ECTIZONIOS dustry or science. You should not confuse anengineering technology 3 into the program of your choice. Youalso should examine your own interests, to seewhether you would enjoy working on the engineering team.

Qualifications If you want to become an engineeringtechnician, you should plan youreducation well ahead. First, you must earn a diplomafrom an accredited high school. Ideally, you should begin your highschool planning in the tenth or eleventh grade. Youshould make cer- tain that you take the subjects thatbest prepare you for a college-level engineeringtechnology program. A sound background in English,mathematics, and physical science is a basic requirementfor entrance into a college-level program inengineering technology. A good high school program shouldinclude: English. At least three, and preferablyfour units. To become a key man on theengineering team, you need a good command of thelanguage. The very nature of your job willrequire you to communicate effectively With your fellow membersof the engineering team. Mathematics. Three units, two in algebra and one bra and trigonometry are desirablepreparation for in plane geometry, or theequivalent in integrated engineering technology education. modern mathematics. In addition,intermediate alge- Physical science. At least one unit of chemistry or physics with laboratory work. Mathematicsand physical science are the foundation of allbranches of engineering technology. You should include as many advanced courses in mathematics andphysical science as possible among yourelectives in high school. Your outside interests and hobbies are agood indi- cation of your natural inclination towardtechnical and scientific matters. You should becurious about how things work. Your work inengineering technology may not require exceptionalmanual and mechanical skills, but you should have somemechani- cal aptitude. Mechanical aptitudewill aid you in using the instruments and equipmentof your area of engineering technology. Before you graduate from high school, youshould consider which college you wish toattend. Accredited colleges require a high school transcriptand many require scores on standardized tests. Somecolleges require letters of recommendation.Other requirements, such as medicalexaminations, entrance exami- nations, and interviews, vary considerably fromcollege to college. For information about entrance to aparticular college program in engineeringtechnology, write to that college for a catalog and anapplication. Start early to get your application materialstogether, in- cluding the names of persons from whom you canget recommendations if needed.

4 You may now be enrolled in acollege program, but may realize that youbelong in an engineering technology program. Should you want tochange, con- tact the registrar of thecollege to which you want to transfer, and ask him to evaluate yourcredits. Each college's policy on transfercredits depends on its own policies and requirements;however, most colleges accept some or allof the credits earned atanother college.

College Life Going to college in an engineeringtechnology pro- experience. The study should gram can be a wonderful events. Attending aschool in an urban center can fascinate you, as your instructorshelp ru blaze your offer you plenty of off-campusentertainment. own trail intoapplied science. of the student activi- extracurricular activities A college catalog may list some You can participate in college's activi- organizations, and fraterni- ties, but the best way to learn about a such as clubs, professional ties is to visit the campus or tointerview a student or ties which sponsor social andprofessional meetings. a graduate. Many schools hold dances, dinnermeetings, or athletic

Military Service Engineering technicians render vitalservice to the nation's defense effort. Many engineeringtechnicians serve as noncommissionedofficers or technical spe- cialists. Others have gone to officers'candidate school and have earned commissions.Still others hold important supervisory ortechnical jobs in defense industries. However, the draft policy affecting youdepends considerably on your local draftboard, and, if you belong to a reserve unit, on currentmilitary needs. Draft laws require the collegestudent to register with his draft board and to keep itinformed of his status. In granting deferments,draft boards require the student to maintain a minimumstudy load and to keep up his grades. Whatever the nation's manpowerneeds, and whatever draft lawsand military policies are ineffect, you can be certainof one fact: Study inengineering technology will prepare you for moreresponsible assign- ments in militarylife just as in civilian life.

Cost Your cost for an education inengineering technology will vary with your choiceof school. It will depend on whether you live athome or in a dormi- tory, whether or not you canobtain a scholarship or 5 Scholarships are usually of two types: those earned on the basis of high-school grades, and those awarded to deserving but financially needy students. You may also borrow the money for your schooling. A loan can enable you to attend school full-time with- out having to do outside work. You can usually arrange to defer repayment until after graduation. The Higher Education Act of 1965 has made it easier for students to borrow money for schooling, and many banks and other financial institutions have loan programs especially designed for college expenses. Under the provisions of Title I, Part C, of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, eligible students may earn some of their expenses through part-time work on the college campus. Each college administers its own work-study program. However, such a program may limit the amount of school work you can take. The school you select may also offer other part-time jobs, or you may find work in the community. Part- other financial aid, and how carefully you control your personal expenses. The college catalog willshow you if the college offers dormitoryaccommodations and how much your room and board will cost. At some colleges, engineering technology programs cost little more than the price of books andsupplies. Other colleges charge different fees for in-state and out.of-5tate students. You can learn about each college's schedule of fees by studying its catalog. In very few cases would you pay the entire actual cost of your education. Engineering technology pro. grams require well-trained instructorsand expensive equipment. In addition to the fees students pay, most colleges receive supplements from state or local gov. ernments, or interest funds from endowments. Some colleges charge fees for special services, such as student activity fees,medical fees, and laboratory fees. Also, at most schools you buy your own books and supplies (sometimes furnished or rented by the school). The average cost of books and supplies alone would be about $150 per year, and your total costs (fees, room and board, books, supplies, and entertains time work has carried many a student through an ment) may go as high as $1,800 per year. engineering technology program. You can almost always find the means to get an You may qualify for school attendance under the engineering technology education. If you do not be- GI Bill if you are the son of a disabled or deceased Neve you have enough money to attend the college of veteran. For more information, apply to your nearest your choice, check its calalog for an explanationof Veterans Administration Office. its financial aid programs and how you can apply for Many colleges have cooperative programs, under help. The college catalog willtell you of many whit.h you attend school one term and work in industry scholarships and other means of assistance that are the next. The co-op plan has several advantages. available to engineering technology students. First,it gives you some practical work experience, Some typical aid programs are straight scholarships, because your work on the job relates to your school- requiring only that you maintain your grades at a ing. Second, a co-op plan helps you pay your own ex- specified level; loans, which usually must be repaid penses. Third, it helps you build contactsuseful to after graduation; and work-study programs, in which you after graduation. you work a stated numberof hours or at a stated rate. If your college has a cooperative program, the

6 qualifies you for an excellent starting salary and later promotion.

After Graduation

As an engineering technology student, you will have job interviews during your last school termperhaps weeks before you grk.luate. Most schools have part- time or full-time placement officers who arrange for recruiters to interview you on campus. Sometimes the recruiter may invite you to visit his organization. Private personnel agencies also welcome engineering technicians. catalog will tell you about it. Some colleges have Employers will pay well for your services as an co-op directors to help you set up yourwork/school engineering technician. The tangible benefits of train- programs. ing in engineering technology are excellent, and the Some engineering technology programs offer eve- intangible benefits of personal satisfaction and the ning classes. By attending evening school, you may respect of others for your skill are equally rewarding. be able to carry a full-time job and get your education at the same time. However, a program in evening classes may take as much as twice the time to complete as will a full-time, day-class program. Fields of Study Finally, your schooling costs in an engineering technology program will depend partly on how well you As a prospective engineering technician, you can control your expenses. If you spend too much on food choose from a wide selection of majors. The next or entertainment, your total schooling costs will be section in this booklet will describe these fields of high. If you have barely enougl funds, take advan- study and related positions in engineering technology. tage of meal tickets, self-service laundries, purchases After each career description you will find a few typical of used books, etc. job titles. Regardless of cost, a college education in engineer- Please remember that each list represents only a ing technology is one of the best investments you can small sample of the tremendous range of job possibili- make. These educational costs will be repaid many ties. As an engineering technician you are trained for times over in your lifebecause this type of education a whole cluster of positions in yourchosen field. Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Engineering Technologies

Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration are science of cryogenicsthe study of the effects of ex- three closely related engineering technologies which tremely low temperaturesis developing rapidly, with are growing more and more important in the modern applications in computer technology and space tech- world. All three deal with the control of environments nology. the control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness, Heating has always been important to man, and and circulation of air. today it is enjoying rapid growth due to the develop- People prefer to work in comfort, and air condition- ment of new methods and materials. ing is now an accepted feature of our world in stores, Thus, air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating offices, public buildings, buses, and airplanes. It is engineering technologies offer you a wide range of becoming commonplace in private homes and in auto- careers. You might work with the latest innovations mobiles. It also plays a vital part in space-exploration and improvements in heating, ventilating, and cool- programs and other scientific applications. ing homes, offices, and factories; or with environment Refrigeration is also growing in importance in the control for processing equipment (such as in food world. The low temperatures necessary to preserve packaging and electronic assembly) or for space cap- food have become essential to us. The relatively new sules.

Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Controls specialistinstalls, services, or sells electric, electronic, and pneumatic controls. Development technicianworks closely with design engineers in testing and evaluating new applications and new equipmen t. Heat pump specialistinstalls, sells, and services reverse-cycle equipment for both heating and cooling applications. Research assistantworks with research engineers and scientists in experimental laboratories.

Positions Open to Experieficed Engineering Technicians Application specialistworks as a manufacturer's representative to aid contractors, installers, and servicemen in proper application of complex temperature and air control equipment. Dealer and contractoroperates his own business, selling, installing, and servicing air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment. Instgllation supervisorcoordinates installation of heating, cooling, or refrigeration specialized systems. Systems designermakes surveys, calculates loads, specifies equipment, or writes proposals for use of heat-transfer systems.

Architectural and/or Building Construction Engineering Technologies

These two engineering technologies provide us with demand for new buildings and structures. As an archi- one of our basic needsshelter. They deal with the tectural or building construction technician, there- design and construction of homes, factories, schools, fore, you will have numerous career opportunities. stores, and public buildings and projects. You might work in the large and diverse building These two technologies also are concerned with design and construction industry. You might work upkeep, repair, modification, and modernization of with architects and engineers, with building contrac- existing buildings. tors, or with manufacturers or distributors of build- Our exploding population is creating a pressing ing materials.

8 Typical Positions Open toRecent Graduates and supervise constructionof buildings, and makes pro- Architect's or contractor'sassistanthelps plan, design, gress inspections. plans for 'homes, apartments,schools, and other types Architectural draftsmanworkswith architects in drawing of buildings. in inspection of new orexisting construction Building inspectorrepresentscity, county, or state governments compliance with codes,plans, and specifications. to ensure determining best methodsof performing particularjobs. Estimatorassists contractorsin preparing bids and in construction jobs. Materials manpurchasesand distributes materials on

Positions Open to ExperiencedEngineering Technicians drawings. draftsmantranslates architects'ideas into presentationand detailed working Architectural design manufacturers in the sale ofconstruction equipment, Building supplies andequipment salesmanrepresents building materials,and supplies. coordinates the work involvedin building construction. Constructionsuperintendentsupervises and Contractoroperates his owncommercial or industrialconstruction business. plants, drafting andcoordinating alterations to plant Plant engineeringsupervisorworks in large industrial facilities.

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Two important members of the engineering team, a technicianand a skilledcraftsman, review test results.

_ Aviation/Aerospace Engineering Technology

The aviation/aerospace industry covers three re- Air transportation is also a rapidly developing area lated, but distinct, areas. Each area could offer you an of the aviation/aerospace industry. Commercial pas- excellent future as an engineering technician in one senger and freight air travel increase each year, and of the most exciting activities in our modern world. the use of private aircraft and helicopters is growing Space exploration is the newest field in the aviation/ s teadily. aerospace industrya field that is younger than you The development of aircraft, missiles, and space- probably are now! Yet space exploration is already a craft is the responsibility of the manufacturing phase vast, and still growing, undertaking which requires of the industry. And aircraft manufacturing is keep- thousands of engineering technicians who work in ing pace with the growth of space exploration and locations from Cape Kennedy in Florida to Vanden- air transportation. The equipment and techniques berg Air Force Base in California. Others are em- used in these areas are highly complex. A single air- ployed at overseas sites. Space exploration includes plane may have over half a million parts. Aircraft not only manned flights but also weather and com- manufacturing has become more and more a research munications satellites. Truly, space exploration offers and development industry. Thus, the need for engi- you a career which has no ceiling onopportunity. neering technicians has grown rapidly.

A skilled technician assists an engineer in assembling components for a reduced pressure test.

10 Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Aircraft systems test technicianoperationally tests and evaluates hydraulic, pneumatic,and electrical systems in special applications to meet a wide variety of requirements. Aircraft weights techniciandetermines the weight and balance of aircrafton basis of design and materials. Jet powerplant technicianoperates, inspects, and evaluates powerplant equipment. Technical writerinvestigates systems and components, and analyzes their operation; establishesoperational, maintenance, and servicing procedure; then develops reference publications and manuals forusers.

Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians Aerodynamics technicianbased on experience as a designer, works with engineers in usingadvanced wind tun- nels and instrumentation to establish standards for safe, reliable vehicles. Aircraft maintenance inspection technicianinspects maintenance operations; establishes standardsand devises procedures for maintenance; approves repair, overhaul, and modification techniques. Aircraft structures analystcalculates, analyzes, and evaluates the materials andstructures used in the development of new aircraft and space vehicles. Design engineering technicianaids in developing the aircraft or missile with the data furnished bystress analysts, structural analysts, ancl aerodynamicists; plans production afillIke-pares engineering work orders. Stress analystuses computations and laboratory tests to determine the design requirements for selectingma- terials and setting up specifications. Structural design technicianuses knowledge of materials and the mechanics of physicsto aid in developing a structure to withstand the requirements of its mission.

Chemical Engineering.Technology

The chemical industry investigates new materials thousands of new products andprocesses. Research to determine their properties, characteristics, reac- work is continuing to apply chemical technology in tions, and possible applications. This industry proc- leather and paper manufacturing, plastics and synthetic esses or manufactures raw materials and finished prod- fiber production, food and beverage processing,petro- ucts for consumers and for other industries. leum chemistry, and other areas. Research and development work, an important Chemical engineering technology offers engineering factor in this important modern industry, has led to technicians exciting careers across a broad spectrum.

Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates

Chemical engineering technicianworks with chemical engineers in consulting firms and individual plantsto design new chemical processes and improve existing processes. Chemical techniciansets up equipment for advanced experiments, prepares chemical samples,or gathers and analyzes results of chemical tests. Control analystanalyzes the processes of producing chemical materials; tests samples ofraw materials to be used.

Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians Chemical instrument salesmansells, services, and coordinates development ofnew process and operation instrumentation. Chemical salesmanas above, but sells and coordinates development of chemicals (fine, heavy, and specialties). Development technicianassists engineers and chemists in developing newprocesses, improving existing processes, and carrying bench "curiosities" into pilot plant and/or full-scale production. Pilot plant operatoroperates equipment in research and development of new products andprocesses. Production supervisorinstructs and directs others involved in chemical manufacturing. Research assistantassists research chemists in all phases of investigationoperation of experimentalequipment, data reduction, graphic and mathematical calculations, and library research.

11 Civil EngineeringTechnology

a new highway, you aresharing in the benefits of civil Civil engineering technologyisafter military engi- neeringthe oldest branch ofengineering. Yet, it is as engineering. in a bridge being Civil engineers and civilengineering technicians modern as the prestressed concrete dams, powerhouses, built this week. Civilengineering technology is one build airports, bridges, highways, engineering because its work pipelines, and railroads. Thus, civilengineering tech- of the broadest fields in steel, concrete, engineering. nology requires skills in hydraulics, affects so many other fields of traffic studies, and Civil engineering concerns theplanning, design, and earth structures, field surveying, and construction of fixed structuresand ground facili- compu tations. transportation; and control As a civil engineering technician, youmight draw ties for land, sea, and air specifications; estimate costs and ma- of the flow and uses of waterfor flood protection, up plans and terials needed; use the transit,level, and other survey- power generation,and recreation. Indeed, everytime ing instruments; prepare maps; andinspect jobs. you fill a glasswith water from a faucet, ordrive along

Typical Positions Open to RecentGraduates drafting, and other office tasks; aids civilengineers in Civil engineers' aideassistscivil engineers in estimating, field studies and site inspection. Computerdetermines coordinates forgeographic position, land lines, andland monuments; computes quanti- ties for cut and fill of earth. Contractor's aideworkswith contractor on constructionprojects. Detail draftsmanprepares plansand detail drawings for elementsin construction projects. Estimatorestimates amounts and costsof materials, supplies, and laborfor construction projects. Inspectorinspects line and gradereferences, forms, materials, andconstruction methods. Junior surveyorworks withregistered surveyors and engineers.

Positions Open to ExperiencedEngineering Technicians light and heavy construction projects. Construction supervisorsupervises and main- Highway engineeringtechnicianruns surveys, preparesplans and estimates, supervises construction tenance of highways. Photogrammetristprepares maps andcharts from aerial photographs. Specifications writerwritesspecifications for construction jobs. engineer, structural designs for bridges, roads, Structural designerdevelops,under the supervision of a licensed and other large projects.

Electrical EngineeringTechnology

Every time you turn on a light,watch television, Lincoln did not have in the WhiteHouse. electric motor, you are using aprod- Yet, you probably experience only theeveryday or operate an applications for electrical engineering technology.The benefits of electrical engineering. New uct based on electric controls and electric power industry is thebasis of practically all electric power are developing in illumination field for modern industrial expansion.Therefore,electrical automation for industry, in the in scope and specialized commercial and industrialinstallations, engineering will continue to broaden of nuclear power application. and in the relatively new field The electric power industryprimarily concerns generation. distribution, and use of As an electrical engineeringtechnician, you will the generation, transmission, this vital, modern electricity. Through the benefitsof electric power, find many career opportunities in you enjoyequipment and appliances thatAbraham industry.

12 Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Communications technicianinstalls, maintains, and operates electrical communications equipment. Electrical draftsmanprepares working plans for wiring diagrams for the erection, installation, andwiring of electrical machinery. Illumination techniciansupervises the installation and maintenance of commercial and industriallighting systems. Test techniciantests equipment, materials, and processes to determine whether they meetspecifications and accepted engineering standards. Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians Electrical contractorowns his residential, commercial, or industrial electrical contracting business (in most locations must be a licensed electrician). Electrical designerdesigns and develops drawings for electrical lighting and service systems; submits these plans for engineering approval; assists in preparing specifications. Electrical estimatorworks with engineering firms, building supply companies, and others in preparing materials takeoffs and cost estimates from drawings and specifications. Manufacturer's sales representativesells electrical and related products and lines of products to large contractors, plant maintenance departments, and buildingsupply companies. Powerhouse load dispatchercontrols the operation of power stations, substations, and transmission lines within an electric power system. Research technicanworks with scientists and engineers to develop new equipment and to evolve new applications in manufacturing processes. Technical writerworks with engineers in compiling manuals, reports, bulletins, specifications, and catalogs for the electrical industry.

An engineering technician must use highly sophisticated methods to analyze test data. Electronics Engineering Technology

Electronics is a relatively new science, butit has for electronics engineering technicians in all phases given birth to a rapidly growing industrialgiant. The of research, development, design, production, and telephone, radio, television, radar, radio astronomy, maintenance. and missile guidance are but a few fieldsbased on You are living in the age of the computeran electronics. age developing aroundhigh-speed electronic mathe- The demands for new commercial,industrial, and matical and control equipment. Thus, as an elec- militaryapplicationsofelectronicsare growing tronicsengineeringtechnician,doorswillswing rapidly. This increasing demand hascreated a need wide and offer a variety of career opportunities.

Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Communications technicianinstalls and operatesvarious types of communications equipment. Customer-service technicianinstalls andmaintains electronic computers and related equipment. Electronic engineering aideassists engineersin the design, development, and testing of newelectronic equipment. Medical electronics technicianinstalls, tests,and maintains electronic equipment used in medical researchand diagnosis.

Positions Open to Experienced EngineeringTechnicians Broadcast technicianoperates andmaintains electronics equipment in radio andtelevision studios and trans- mitters. (You must have a license for thisjob.) High-frequency technicianmaintains and operatesradar, sonar, loran, and other warning and detectiondevices. Research engineering technicianbuildsand tests new equipment in fields such asgeophysics, precision testing, and guidance systems. Technical sales representativesells and serviceselectronic equipment and components to industry;advises customers in selecting equipment orentire systems. Technical writercompiles reports, bulletins,specifications, and manuals pertaining toelectronic equipment; works closely with project engineers.

Electronics and ComputerTechnology

The electronic computer is apowerful mathe- Computer technology is also being used to con- industries such as matical tool which is helping us toshape our modern trol automated processes in many metal manu- world. At first purely a researchtool, the computer chemical processing, food processing, in defense, business, and facturing, and atomic energy. has found broad applications for which com- industry. Your bank statementwill almost surely be The wide range of applications technological world has computerized; so will your gasolinecredit card pure puters are being used in our technicians in many chases, and probably yourcharges at large department created careers for engineering business, and industry. stores. areas of government,

Typical Positions Open to RecentGraduates devices for Design specialistworks withresearch engineers who design andevaluate instruments and control automatic equipment. Field engineering assistantinstalls, tests,and maintains data processingmachines in customers' facilities; rec- ommends best methods ofoperation and application to customers. electronic control equipment for industrial Process control technicianoperates orsupervises the operation of processes.

14 Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians. Customer representativecontacts prospective users of data processing equipment; plans systems to meet customers' needs. Research and development technicianbuilds, tests, and experiments with component circuits for computer systems. Test equipment development techniciandevises equipment and methods for production testing of complex electromechanical systems.

This engineering technician is examining a component before placing it in a high-heat testing device.

=11.. Fluid Power EngineeringTechnology

and in homes and The National Fluid PowerAssociation has defined in transportation and agriculture, garages. fluid power as "the art ofgenerating, controlling, and and in- of pumped and com- The nation's urgent needs for more power applying sniooth, effective power and less waste, pressed fluids (like oil and air) asused to push, pull, creased production, with lower costs require greater use of fluid power.Continuing ad- rotate, regulate, ordrive the mechanisms ofmodern vances andrefinements in automation anddesign sim- life." development of new appli- These impressive developments arebased on the plification will lead to the scientist, Blaise Pascal, cations for fluid power. work of a 17th-century French increase the demand for who demonstrated that pressureexerted anywhere on These factors continue to undiminished in all fluid power engineeringtechnicians to fulfill special- a confinedfluid is transmitted development, testing, directions, acting with equalforce on all equal areas. izedcapacities in research, principles of fluid power production, and operation. Today, applications of the fluidics industry, which insure that billions of dollarsworth of appliances, The young and growing function efficiently in in- deals with hydraulics andthe control of machinery equipment, and machines needs technicians trained dustrial and manufacturingenterprises, in national through fluid power, also defense systems, in buildingand construction projects, in fluid power engineering.

An engineering technician ishighly skilled in the operation of instruments used to gatherimportant data.

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16 Typical Positions Open toRecent Graduates drawings for the developmentof fluid power componentsand Design techniciansketchesdesigns and prepares systems. and systems. engineers in developingexperimental fluid power components Development technicianassists as manufacturer'srepresentative. technicianinstalls andmaintains fluid power systems; serves Field service and services fluid powerequipment in variousindustrial applica- Fluid powertechnicianinspects, operates, tions. conducts fluid powerlaboratory research andevaluation Laboratory technicianoutlines,plans, sets up, and tests. instructions for theoperation of fluid power components, Technical writerpreparesoperating manuals and equipment, and systems;writes articles fortechnical publications.

Positions Open to ExperiencedEngineering Technicians performance of laboratoryresearch experiments todevelop Laboratory supervisoroutlinesand directs the advanced hydraulic componentsor systems. of industrial applicationsof fluidics, in suchactivities Research technicanperformsinteresting work in the area and etching, andnodular construction ofmultiple fluidic devices. as thefabrication, molding of hydraulic or pneumatic systemsand compo- engineerassists customersin specifying design Sales customer troubleshooting, and periodicinspection of systems and nents; assistsin the installation,check out, testing, components.

Industrial EngineeringTechnology

concerned with products andwork se- and more complexand you will be As our world becomes more quences at manystagesfrom a properlycompleted technologically oriented,the smooth flow of men, ma- rocket for outer space. continues to growdramatically purchase order to a booster terials, and products As an industrial engineeringtechnician, you will in importance. is know how to manageindustrial activitiesto control Efficiency in business,industry, and government of time engineering. This cost and qualityof output; to eliminate waste a major concernof industrial perform time and motionstudies looks for ways and meansto and material; and to "production science" and analyses of costs. ,Ingeneral, you will knowhow done promptly,efficiently, at minimum get things to take the steps necessaryfor efficient and profitable cost, and with awell-designed end product. equipment. You and the technology, then, involves coordination of men and Industrial engineering organization woukl neverbe business equip- management of your the coordinationof industrial and satisfiedyou would continually try toprevent lost the men and womenwho operate that ment with motion and to improve workflow. equipment. As anindustrial engineeringtechnician,

Typical Positions Open toRecent Graduates of various manufacturing processes;seeks out and develops means Methods technicianstudiesthe effectiveness and efficiency. to achieve economy and qualifications of jobapplicants; administersplace- Personnel counselor orinterviewerevaluates the skills advancement tests. ment and engineers and with top plant managementin planning locationof ma- Plant layout manworkswith industrial devices. chines, equipment,and materials-handling maintains production costand Production plannermakes upschedules; estimates rateand cost of production; control record systems. observed; aids in improving currentpractices Safety technicianinspectsto insure thatsafety practices are being and equipment. and in developingsafety standards for new processes for industrial ormanufacturing processes; studiesefficiency of Time studytechniciancalculates time required materials handling andof arrangement of toolsand equipment. 1? Positions Open to Experienced EngineeringTechnicians Assistant production managercoordinatesphases of production, supervision, receiving, shipping,scheduling, and control of materials. Manufacturing foremansupervises machine operators,assemblers, and other employees in manufacturing processes. interprets Productionforemansupervises departments, assigns duties, inspects work for quality and quantity; blueprints, sketches, and written orders;determines work procedures. Wage administration technicianaids indrawing up jobevaluation and wage-incentiveplans.

This engineering technician designed the data recorder that he is examining.

18 Mechanical EngineeringTechnology

affecting technology concerns the hold a responsible jobin making products Mechanical engineering livesranging from mechani- and utilization of mechani- almost every facet of our generation, transmission, cal pencils to Saturnrockets, from nuts and bolts to cal energy; and thedesign and production oftools freight trains and ships,from your car to thehuge and machines andtheir products. Thus,mechanical into many business, in- generators inhydroelectric plants. engineering technology enters Therefore, as a mechanicalengineering technician, dustrial, and communityactivities. you will have manyfine career opportunities. As a mechanicalengineering technician, youwill

Typical Positions Open toRecent Graduates for metal fabrication Estimatorcomputes costs of labor,material, equipment, andinstallation in preparing bids and steel work. sketches of proposedmechanical devices and scaledraw- Mechanical draftsmandraftsfrom specifications rough machines. ings of parts of for making tests of materials. Mechanical technicianassistsin setting up equipment necessary

Positions Open to ExperiencedEngineering Technicians makes drawings of dies necessaryto form a stamping,forging, or other part. Die designerdesigns or machine tools or other largepieces of equipment; Equipment or machinerysalesmansells complex and costly against his product. uses histechnical knowledge inmatching his customer's needs machines and instrumentsfor industry. Machine designerdesigns for best design results. Metals-processing technicianspecifiesmethods of processing metals

Metallurgical EngineeringTechnology the history, man's ability to to learn whatmaterials are made of, down to Since the beginning of seeks to understand how depended on his abilityto individual atom or ion. He survive and progress has these atoms are made to assumedefinite position in develop materials to suithis purpose. individual crystals depends on his ability to a crystallinestructure, and how Man's future progress are built up toform the final shape. Helearns what produce new materials ofpredictable behavior and to changes in structure willaffect the behavior, andhow function in environmentshitherto unknown. His these changes can beaccomplished. He uses toolssuch progress, therefore,depends on a supply oftechnicians as the spectroscope,microscope, X-ray, andchemical who understand theattributes of metals and ma- soul of the material understanding to producethe analysis to probe into the very terials and can use this He uses forces such asheat and materials and put them inwhatever form is and analyze its being. necessary pressure toreform the material tosuit his require- required. ments. His field can rangefrom the productionof Metallurgical engineeringtechnology involves the crystal behave as 200-ton castingsto the growthof single study of why metalsand other materials whom all technologies is affected by environment, "whiskers." He is the one on they do, how this behavior must rely tofurnish them with thematerials they and how it can bechanged. require. The metallurgicalengineering technician studies 19 Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Assistant metallurgistassists iu, examining and testing metals and alloys to determine their physical properties; prepares and collects statistical data on metals. Development techniciandevises new methods of processing materials and develops equipment for such processing. Laboratory technicianassists in maintaining control over processes; analyzes materials and performs physical tests to insure conformance to specifications. Metallurgical technician (design)assists design engineers in selecting proper materials for use in new products. Quality control technicianassists in maintaining quality in industries producing metal products; analyzes defects and applies corrective techniques. Research technicianassists in originating new materials; designs and develops methods for producing, fabri- cating, and testing new materials. Specification writerwrites specifications for materials to meet the requirements of designers.

Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians Casting salesmanassists customer in the design of castings which are physically sound and economical to manu- facture. Heat treatment supervisorsupervises heat treatment of all types; devises heat treat methods to meet physical requirements of metals. Laboratory supervisorassumes responsibility for all chemical and metallurgical analyses, as well as physical testing. Plant metallurgist (foundry)responsible for all technical aspects of casting production.

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Evaluation of test results is an important facet of the technician's job.

20 Nuclear Engineering Technology

In recent years, the use of nuclear energy has moved technicians. A number of schools now offer nuclear from a laboratory idea to a weapon to peaceful inengineering technology programs. These programs dustrial use. The building of nuclear power plants provide training in nuclear physics, chemistry, elec- is but one example of this movement. Nuclear energy tronics, and instrumentation. is finding many other applications in industry and The continuing growth of nuclear energy applica- medicine. tions in industry means promising careers open to This new and challenging field of nuclear engineer- you. As a nuclear engineeringtechnician, you will ing has outgrown the supply of qualified manpower, have a career assured by the tremendous potential and particularly the supply of qualified engineering power of the atom itself.

Typical Positions Open to Recent Graduates Chemistry laboratory technicianworks with chemists in developing and producingradiological compounds. Control technicianworks with control and instrumentation engineers. Instrument repair and maintenance technicianrepairs and maintainsradiation instruments.

Positions Open to Experienced Engineering Technicians Laboratory supervisorsupervises work of other technicians. Radiation safety technicianworks with engineers and scientists in theoperation of nuclear reactors. Salesmansells instruments for radiological usage; fits his productlines to needs of individual and governmental customers.

Sources of Additional Information Accredited Curricula Leading to Degrees in Engineering Technology in theUnited States, 1967 (25¢). Engi- neers' Council for Professional Development, Inc., 345 East47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Careers in Technical Occupations, 0E-80032 (5¢ each; $2.50 per 100).Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C.20402. Education of the Engineering Technician and a Directory ofAccredited ProgramsJournal of Engineering Education, Vol. 57, No. 3, November 1966 ($1.25) . American Society forEngineering Education, 2100 Pennsyl- vania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Looking Ahead to a Career. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department ofLabor, Washington, D.C. 20212. Occupational Criteria and Preparatory Curriculum Patterns inTechnical Education Programs, 0E-80015. O U.S. Office of Education, Washington, D.C. 20202. Pretechnical Post High School Programs: A Suggested Guide, 0E-80049(45¢). Superintendent of Documents, 0 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Prospects of Engineering Graduates ($1.50). Engineering ManpowerCommission, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Salaries of Engineering Technicians ($5.00). Engineering ManpowerCommission, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Technician Manpower: Requirements, Resources, and Training Needs (600).Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Technicians: Engineering and Siience Technicians (10¢). Superintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Ordering Information for The Engineering Technician 1-99 copies-50 each* In lots of 100 only$25.00 net per 100, postpaid Order from: Order from: Editor, Technical Education News American Society for Engineering Education McGraw-Hill Book Company 2100 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. 330 West 42nd Street Washington, D.C. 20037 New York, N.Y. 10036

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