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(Rutilus Rutilus Caspicus) @ > @ Investigation on the feasibility of cultivation of fingerling of the roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) until marketable size in the earthern pond with brackish and fresh waters Item Type monograph Authors Piri, Hossein; Piri, M.; Haghpanah, A.; Hamitabari, A.; Ghorbani, R.; Mazandarani, M.; Shakiba, M.; Iri, Y.; Shafei, A.; Kor, A.; Ahmadi, A.; Jabbari, E.; Yelghi, S.; Sepahdari, A. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 28/09/2021 06:40:28 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/39781 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش ﺗو ﺮوﻳﺞﻛ ﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧ ﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎ آﺑﻬﺎي ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺮي : : ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮي ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 41508 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر - ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه / ﻃﺮح: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎ آﺑﻬﺎي ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب : -86082 12- 77-2 77-2 ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه / ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮي ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : - - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎ م ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي / ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن : ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮي ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : اﺑﻮاﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺳﭙﻬﺪاري – اﻣﻴﺮ اﺣﻤﺪي – ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ - ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﭘﻴﺮي – ﻋﺒﺪا ... ﺣﻖ ﭘﻨﺎه- اﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﺮي - رﺳﻮل ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ - ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪراﻧﻲ - ﻣﺮاد ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺷﻜﻴﺒﺎ - ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﻳﺮي - ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻘﻴﻮم ﺷﺎﻓﻌﻲ - ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﻛﺮ- اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴ ﻞ ﺟﺒﺎري ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎوران : - - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ : - - ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : /1/9 86 86 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 3 ﺳﺎل و 4 ﻣﺎه ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺷﻤﺎرﮔﺎن ( ﺗﻴﺘﺮاژ ) : 20 ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل 1392 . ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔ ﻮظ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ، ﺟﺪاول ، ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ . « ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻃﺮح ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺠﺮي » » ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ(Rutilus rutilus caspicus) در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎ آﺑﻬﺎي ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺪ ﻣﺼﻮب : 86082 2-77-12- ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ ( ﻓﺮوﺳﺖ ) 41508 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ : /4/7 91 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮي داراي ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻮق ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ در رﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﻼت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ داوران ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻼح ﻧـﮋاد و ﺗﻜﺜﻴـﺮ و ﭘـﺮ ورش آﺑﺰﻳـﺎن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ 27/3/91 ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه /6 18 و رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . در زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺠﺮي در : : ﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰ █ اﻳﺴﺘﮕ ﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ ﺷﻐﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪا ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت » ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 1 1 ..... -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 3 -2 ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻛﺎر ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 8 8 -2-1 ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ................................ ................................ ......... 8 8 -2-2 ﻣﻮاد ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 8 8 -2-3 روش ﻛﺎر ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 9 9 -3 ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15 15 ... -4 ﺑﺤﺚ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 28 28 .. ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ دﻫﺎ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 38 38 . ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 40 40 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 45 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘ ﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ .../ 1 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه دراﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ( Rutilus rutilus caspicus) در آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ وﻟﺐ ﺷﻮرﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ودر ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 3 ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻣﻴﺰان 10000, 15000 و 20000 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ داراي 3 ﺗﻜﺮار ﺑﻮد،از اواﻳﻞ اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1388 آﻏﺎز ودر آﺑﺎن ﻫﻤﺎن ﺳﺎل ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻌﻼوه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺮورش اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ، ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ در ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ( 10000 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﻜﺮار در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎ آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮرﻧﻴﺰ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ . ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮورش از ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺠﻮال ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ودر ﻳﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺮ ذﺧﻴ ﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ از زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﮔﺬراﻧﻲ و آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش در ﺳﺎل دوم ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ . ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﭘﺮورش ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ وزن 30 ﮔﺮم رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ از ﻛﻨﺴﺎﻧﺘﺮه ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ( SKF) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻏﺬاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﺪن ﺑﺪن (از 5 ﺗﺎ 15 درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﺪن ) وﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻴﻞ و رﻏﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ( اﺷﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ) ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن و ﻃﻮل ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﺳﺎل اول ازاﺑﺘﺪاي دوره ﭘﺮورش ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻪ 58/1±55/5 ﮔﺮم و 02/1±57/8 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ رﺳﻴﺪ . ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﭘﺮورش در ﺳﺎل دوم در ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن وﻃﻮل ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﭘﺮورش در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدل 48/16 ± 66/56 ﮔﺮم و 21/1±79/16 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ودر ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻣﻌﺎدل12 1/ ± 49/ 16 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 83/15 ±83/53 ﮔﺮم ﺑﻮد. ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﺎدل 23/1± 73/ 16 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎدل 47/ 55/33±16 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺮورش در آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ) ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮا ر در آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮورش داده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن82/1± 6/5 ﮔﺮم و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل24/1 ± 9/5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ. در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ41/9 ±53/48 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل 08/1±15/15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ رﺷﺪ روزاﻧﻪ در ﺗﻴ ﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ از ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدل 22/0 ،26/0 و 23/0 ﺑﻮد. در ﺗﻜﺮار آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل 19/0 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻏﺬا در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ از ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 4/4 ، /2 ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ 46/4 و 4/4 ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر 14/3 رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭼﺎﻗﻲ در آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 41/2 در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر دوم ﺗﺎ 69/2 در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر اول و 56/2 در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﻮم ﺑﻮد . ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر ، ﻣﻌﺎدل 39/1 ﺑﻮد . درﺻﺪ ﺑﻘﺎء ( ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﻲ ) در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ از ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 41/85 ، 21/82 و 76/82 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان آن در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر 73/88 ﺑﻮد. ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ( Rutilus rutilus caspicus ) ، ﭘﺮورش ،آب ﻟﺐ ﺷﻮر، آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ، اﺳﺘﺨﺮﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘ ﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ .../ 3 -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮآﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻏﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮادﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻣﺮدم اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎده اي دارد. ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ دﻧﻴﺎ،ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺧﻮد را از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ( ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎن، 1385 ) . اﻣﺮوزه آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد وﺧﻮد ﻛﻔﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ دارد. آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﻋﻼ وه ﺑﺮ داﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ،ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي آﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺿﺮوري،وﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ،ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﭼﺮﺑﻲ داراي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺧﺎص ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب اﻣﮕﺎ 3 6و ،ﺑﺮاي درﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ، ﻋﺮوﻗﻲ،ﻛﻠﻴﻮي و ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﻬﺎي اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ روز اﻓﺰون ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻏﺬا ﻳﻲ ،ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ وﭘﺮورش ، اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﺮورش آﺑﺰﻳﺎن را ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ( ﭘﻴﺮي ، 1390 ). ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮورت ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪان ،ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎت ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ( ﺣﺴﻴﻦ زاده ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻲ، 1390 ). ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ( Rutilus rutilus caspicus) ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ارزش اﻳﻦ درﻳﺎ اﺳﺖ (Whitehead,1986) . درﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي دور ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ اﻳﻦ درﻳﺎ را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ داده ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ و ﻫﻢ در ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﻴﺎت ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ارزش ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﻳﻲ دارد( ﻣﻌﺼﻮ ﻣﻴﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1380). اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ اﻳﺮان وﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎن زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﻛﺎزاﻧﭽﻒ،1981). ﻗﺮﻳﺐ 80 ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﭼﻴﺰي ﺣﺪود ﭼﻬﺎر ﻫﺰار ﺗﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ در ﻣﺼﺐ ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰي ﺗﺎ 25 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲ رﻓﺘﻨﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻬ ﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎوي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن آﺑﺰي ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ . در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎ آﺑﻲ آرام وﻟﻲ ﺟﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ و ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﭘﺲ از آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن و ﺳﭙﺲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ. در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺷ ﺪه ﻛﻪ آب ﻗﻠﻴﻞ آن ﺣﺎوي زه آب اراﺿﻲ اﻃﺮاف وﻓﺎﺿﻼﺑﻬﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ و ... اﺳﺖ . ﺗﺪاوم ﻧﺴﻞ و ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮﻛﻠﻤﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و اﻧﻜﺎر ﻧﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي در ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ دارد . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ- ﻛﻠﻤﻪ( ﺗﻼﺟﻲ -) ﻓﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﭼﻨﺪ ارﺗﺒﺎط وراﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ وﻫﻢ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ وﻧﻴﺰ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺎﻳﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه اﺳﺖ.در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮآﻣﺎر ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در اﻳﻦ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ /4 ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ،ﻛﭙﻮرو ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ، ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺻﻴﺪ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻴﻬﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ، ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ از اواﺧﺮ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﻧﻤﻮده و دوره اي از ﺳﺎل را در آن ﻣﻴﮕﺬراﻧﻨﺪﻛﻪ دراﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (. ﻛﻴﺎﺑﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1378 ). ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺻﻴﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ، ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ آن در درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ﺷﺮوع ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﻟﺪ از ﻣﺼﺐ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻧﺮود ، ﻗﺮه ﺳﻮ وﺑﻌﻀﺎ" ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﺻﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ودر اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ رﻫﺎﺳﺎزي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي و رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ وزن ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮم، ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻧﺮود رﻫﺎ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ( ﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﺪي، 1375 ). ﻋﻠﻲ رﻏﻢ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن و ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر ،ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻮﻳﮋه در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ آن ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ وﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺑﺴﻴﺎر اﻧﺪك و اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎر اﺳﺖ ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ،ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ( راﻣﻴﻦ و ارﻏﻴﺪه، 1371; زﻫﺰاد و ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ، 1371; ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﺮ، 1373 ) از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .
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    The Study of biology (age, feeding and, reproduction of Rutilus rutilus caspicus in south coast of the Caspian Sea (Iranian waters) Item Type monograph Authors Bandani, Gh.A.; Bagherzadeh, F.; Keymaram, F.; Yelghi, S.; Parafkandeh, F.; Larijani, M.; Ghorbani, R.; Tavakoli, M.; Ghasemi, Sh.; Sayad Rahim, M.; Noroozi, H.; Sabkara, J.; Daryanabard, R.; Ghadirnezhad, H. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 09/10/2021 23:52:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/39962 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي (ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ، ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي و رﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ Rutilus rutilus caspius ) درآﺑﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺧﺰر ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل : ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 46112 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر- ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ آﺑﺰﻳﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه ﻣﻠﻲ : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي (ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ، ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰي و رﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ Rutilus rutilus caspius ) درآﺑﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺧﺰر ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب ﭘﺮوژه ﻣﻠﻲ : 89069 0-77-12- ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه/ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺪاﻧﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي (اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ): ﻛﻴﻮان ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ (ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري آﺑﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ) ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر(ان) : ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺗﻮﻛﻠﻲ-ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ – ﻫﻴﺎت ا... ﻧﻮروزي - ﻓﺮاﻣﺮز ﺑﺎﻗﺮ زاده – ﻓﺮﻫﺎد ﻛﻴﻤﺮام – ﻓﺮخ ﭘﺮاﻓﻜﻨﺪه - ﺷﻬﺮام ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻲ- رﺳﻮل ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ – ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺻﻴﺎد رﺣﻴﻢ - ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻻرﻳﺠﺎﻧﻲ- ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺒﻚ آرا - رﺿﺎ درﻳﺎﻧﺒﺮد- ﺣﺴﻦ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ ﻧﮋاد ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور(ان) : - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ(ان) : ﺷﻬﺮام ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : 89/8/1 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 3 ﺳﺎل ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ .
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