Television Casebook Servicing Auto Air Conditioners

n,rl journal July/August 1978

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www.americanradiohistory.com tiri journal July/August 1978 Volume 36, No.4

Wayne Brandenburg 2 Television Casebook: Horizontal Sweep Circuits

Mike Taylor 8 Servicing Auto Air Conditioners

Ted Beach 19 Ham News

25 NRI Honors Program Awards

Harry Taylor 28 Alumni News

Editor and Publisher William F. Dunn In this issue, Technical Editor we bring forth Ted Beach another installment Managing Editor Tom Beadling of Wayne Brandenburg's TV Casebook, a continuing Associate Editor Laura Blalock series of real -life practical Feature Editors television servicing case histories. Nancy Brown And, just in time for the hot Maureen Thomas weather, veteran NRI tech Photography editor Mike Taylor tells Laura Blalock us how to get our auto Art air conditioners in Sarit Sichel shape for summer. Ernie Blaine Jeff Tank

The NRI Journal is published bimonthly by the National Radio Institute, a division of the McGraw-Hill Center for Continuing Education, 3939 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20016. The subscription price is two dollars yearly or 35 cents per single copy. Second-class postage is paid at Washington, D.C.

www.americanradiohistory.com Wayne C. Brandenburg, C.E.T. Television Casebook:

One evening my Dumont color set died a violent death right before my eyes! The set made a loud, high-frequency wailing sound, the raster flashed on and off a few times, and then-smoke! I jumped up, unplugged the set, and rolled it outside. After a brief cooling -down 2. Horizontal period, I took the back off. A Sweep few minutes later I found the crispy hulk that had been the flyback. The high -voltage wind- Circuits ing was completely destroyed. I have no idea what caused the flyback failure. The instal- lation of a new flyback and a clean-up of the cabinet put the set back in order. It wasn't a particularly difficult repair and I had done many similar repairs before, but it was the first time I had ever witnessed a total horizontal circuit failure.

Practical TV Servicing Case Histories

2 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com The smoke and fire made such an goes. The horizontal oscillator, output impression on me that I decided to transistor, flyback, and yoke all serve to investigate horizontal circuits a little deflect the electron beam. This is quite more closely. I found out some inter- a feat in itself. However, you will notice esting things. First, did you know that that the circuitry also supplies boosted 63 percent of all television failures B+ voltage, pulses to circuits that need occur in the horizontal sweep section? I them, and high voltage for the picture was a little surprised at this figure so I tube. In some cases it even provides the investigated further. ac input to low -voltage power supplies. Also, did you know that the hori- No wonder it fails so often! zontal output stage uses 50 percent of the total power consumed by the tele- vision? Now this was a shocking fact. I THE WORST HORIZONTAL disabled the horizontal circuits of five FAI LURE different televisions while monitoring the current at the wall outlet. In all An elderly lady once brought me a cases, the current was reduced by one- set that had what I consider to be the half when the horizontal circuit was worst case of horizontal failure I had disabled. ever seen. It was a late -model Zenith The block diagram shown in Fig.1 color portable, just out of warranty. It helps to explain where all this power had a 17 -inch screen and a handle on

HORIZONTAL OSCILLATOR

FLYBACK

HIGH - HORIZONTAL HIGH -VOLTAGE WINDING VOLTAGE OUTPUT CIRCUITS TRANSISTOR

SWEEP DEFLECTION WINDING YOKE -

8+ BOOST

PULSE LOW - SUPPLY I WINDINGS _ VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLIES

CIRCUITS REQUIRING HORIZONTAL PULSES

FIGURE 1. THE HORIZONTAL CIRCUIT HAS MANY ADD-ONS, MAKING IT THE MAJOR POWER -CONSUMING CIRCUIT IN THE TELEVISION RECEIVER.

July/August 3

www.americanradiohistory.com the top (as if someone at Zenith extended warranty. In fact, the manu- thought one could carry it!). facturer recently announced that it The woman told me that the picture would call back all 500,000 television was gone and she could hear some loud, sets which could have this faulty snapping noises. She asked me to check capacitor. the warranty status since we were an service center. authorized Zenith A CONTEMPORARY I worked on the set that very after- HORIZONTAL CIRCUIT noon. When I turned it on, I immedi- ately heard the popping noise. It sounded as though the second anode The circuit shown in Fig.2 is the lead had popped off the picture tube horizontal output circuit of NRI's and was arcing to the chassis. I removed Model 315 color television receiver. It is the back of the set and was horrified to similar to the Zenith circuit except for see that the neck of the picture tube the notorious capacitor. Transistor was completely broken off! The arcing Q703 is the horizontal output tran- sound was caused by high-voltage arcing sistor. A square wave is supplied to the through the broken neck to the base of the transistor by the horizontal convergence coils. I panicked a little oscillator. This causes the transistor to because I knew I would have to call the be switched on and off at the horizontal woman and tell her that her new tele- sweep rate. vision set needed a picture tube. The current path is through tran- As the panic passed, I tried to come sistor Q703, the flyback (terminals up with some reason for the picture 5 and 15), and into the +128 -volt tube failure. Since there seemed to be a source. As the current pulses pass lot of high -voltage arcing during the first through the flyback, yoke current few seconds that the set was on, I causes the beam to be deflected. When decided to measure the high voltage. I each pulse ends, the flyback rings at a connected the high-voltage probe and high frequency determined by the turned the set on. The meter read tuning effects of capacitors C711, C714, maximum and on my meter ... 45kV! and C715. This short, ringing signal is Now, I have repaired many sets that stepped up to about 10 kV by the had insufficient high voltage, but ex- high -voltage winding on the flyback. cessive high voltage was a new one for The stepped -up voltage is rectified and me. I ran to the phone and called every tripled by X701, the high -voltage technician I knew. No one could help tripler. me. I called Zenith to see if they could The ringing effect of the circuit shed some light on the problem. They and the production of high voltage did. A capacitor in the horizontal circuit depends upon the three 0.0018-µF ca- had probably failed. This was probably pacitors. In the Zenith television re- the cause of the soaring high voltage. ceivers that have been called back, the The thin glass at the neck of the picture capacitors are contained in one package. tube probably had some imperfection If this part becomes open, the flyback that allowed arcing through the glass. rings at a much higher frequency. This The end result was the broken picture allows more cycles of ringing during tube. retrace, and the high voltage soars. I was greatly relieved to be able to People with better high -voltage meters call my customer and tell her that we than mine have measured as much as 60 could repair the television under an kV when the tuning capacitors are open.

4 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com HORIZONTAL TROUBLE- 2 Can you see any smoke when the set SHOOTING TECHNIQUES is operating?

When making horizontal circuit re- 3 Are there dark spots on the circuit pairs, much of the work can be done by boards? sight and touch. The reason for this is again the tremendous power consump- 4 Is there any dirt or moisture in the tion of the circuit. When a part in a area of the circuits? high -power circuit goes bad, it usually gets very hot, sometimes smokes, and If the set can be operated for a few often has a charred appearance. minutes, the technician can use the A visual inspection should be con- sense of touch as a test. After the set is ducted to answer these questions: turned off and the power supply volt- ages shorted to ground, feel for the answers to these questions: (Note: 1 Are there burned or charred parts? Don't burn yourself.)

+ 25kVO O0UT INO- SOURCE %701 R722 BLEEDE

16 D711 R715 R717 ptl L704 15 BATA. M. OM/2VT R716 8713 E:3- MORIZ.OUTUT C712 10,5%u IO M/2 W 0703 ® L706 100 O O R719 +510/ SOURCE I5M FOCUS -20 T C707 O R720 12M/2W 12 M/2 W = IOyf ZD702 R721 O

+870 12 SOURCE O C713 C716 R712 13 D%05=.001 .22T 4.71 T MORI YOKE 8 D708 8710 CENT. O ® ® ® L707 _ÿ 14 ( R 709 C711 C714 C715T la, 5^/0 iii )II .0018 .0018 - .0018 -___ r- 15 } Ö 719 15 27 I +128 -.:. 6 7 o-- ( .39 R7g8 C719 _ e -N 5,IOW ,47 1. 0709

0710 J-0721 600

1IR714 5o,2W + 0+250 SOURCE TC722 100

FIGURE 2. THE HORIZONTAL SWEEP CIRCUIT OF NRI'S MODEL 315 TELEVISION RECEIVER.

July/August 5

www.americanradiohistory.com 1 Is the output transistor or damper transistor collector. These pulses will diode hot? damage your scope if you don't do it right. Most technicians can get an indi- 2 Are there any hot spots on the yoke? cation by placing the scope probe near, but not touching, the circuit. 3 Does the main winding of the output Another test that can be used instead transformer feel hot? of signal tracing is signal injection. This test requires the use of a commercially 4 Are there any parts in the horizontal available horizontal circuit tester. It has circuit that are too hot? What are provisions for supplying the horizontal these parts connected to? circuit with any signal that is missing. If you thought the oscillator was dead, for If sight and touch don't do the job, instance, you could connect this device then make a few tests with a meter. The in a manner that would inject an idea is to limit the problem to a small oscillator signal and cause the receiver area and then test the parts. With a to begin working again. voltmeter, answer these questions: Once the problem has been isolated to one circuit, begin to test the parts. It 1 Is there B+ available for the collector is always best to begin with the active of the output transistor? DO NOT try devices, such as tubes, transistors, inte- to measure the collector voltage. (If grated circuits, etc., because these parts there is no supply voltage, check the are usually the ones at fault. transistor and damper for shorts. In some cases, you will have to Also, check the transformer and follow the manufacturer's suggestions power supply for an open circuit.) on how to test the parts. Some hori- zontal circuits use SCRs or triacs instead of transistors. These circuits still cause 2 Does the base of the output tran- deflection by switching the devices on sistor have some forward -bias volt- and off. They use an oscillator circuit age? (If not, the oscillator is also. When making repairs, be sure you probably not working. The base bias know what you are testing before is almost always "developed" by the looking at the results. oscillator signal. Repair or replace After testing the active devices, an the oscillator circuit or modules.) ohmmeter can be used to check for shorted capacitors, open coils, and re- sistor values. A questionable yoke or 3 Is there a boosted B+ voltage sweep transformer may be checked with present? a commercial sweep component tester, or by making a ringing test with an If the voltmeter tests do not locate oscilloscope. the bad stage, try to trace the signals as One of the most valid tests that can they progress through the circuits. An be made on any part is substitution. If oscilloscope should be able to display an you have a new part that is the same as oscillator signal. This oscillator signal the one in question, change it. Always can then be traced through the driver remove substituted parts right away if circuit. The signal should then appear at they do not solve the problem. This will the base of the output transistor. If you save time and money later when the know your scope well, you can check substitute causes a problem or you for high-voltage pulses at the output forget to take it out.

6 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com . 1 y

THE DEAD SET I reconnected the wire and ran the set until the breaker tripped. Then I One afternoon I was summoned to quickly discharged each terminal of the look at a customer's Zenith console. I tripler with a grounded test lead. Next, remember the repair well because the putting the touch technique into prac- owner had a nervous little dog that tice, I felt all around the tripler with my yapped at my heels for the entire time I fingers. One spot was very hot, so I was there. The television receiver in suspected a defective tripler. question was a late -model solid-state Figure 3 shows what is inside one of color television that appeared to be these high -voltage tripler packages. It is completely dead. I reset the circuit easy to see how a shorted diode or breaker and tried the set again. This capacitor could cause a hot spot on the time I could hear the horizontal circuit outside of the device. running but no high voltage was de- The tripler I had aboard the truck veloped. This lasted for 20 seconds and was slightly different. It mounted the then the breaker tripped again. same but it had wire terminals, whereas I took the back off and found the the original unit had wires permanently horizontal circuitry to be very much attached. I simply cut all the wires very like the NRI circuit shown in Fig. 2. I close to the bad tripler. When I installed had heard the horizontal circuitry the new one, these wires were all long running so I assumed that the problem enough to connect to the terminals would be in the high -voltage circuitry. except for the one from the zener diode To check this, I disconnected the wire (D711 in Fig.2). For this connection I from the flyback high -voltage winding had to run a longer wire from the zener (terminal 11 in Fig.2) to the input of to the tripler. the high -voltage tripler. When I turned Replacing the tripler was the cure, so the set back on, the circuit breaker held I made out the following bill: and the horizontal circuitry seemed much quieter. I touched the end of the Service call $17.50 Home charge wire from the flyback with an insulated screwdriver. Sparks jumped to the end Parts 42.00 Installed new tripler of the screwdriver so I assumed that the Labor 25.00 Additional for 2 tripler had been loading down the fly- hours labor back. Total $84.60

IN

TO CRT V ANODE C2 C4 C6

V TO FOCUS

FIGURE 3. AN INTERNAL LOOK AT THE HIGH -VOLTAGE TRIPLER.

July/August 7

www.americanradiohistory.com ae'v1CiMG quip A codTiov'eRz

One of the fastest -growing service fact, the size or capacity of an auto- fields in the automotive industry is mobile air conditioner is about the same automobile air -conditioner servicing. as the central system in a small home. More and more cars are now equipped This large system is needed to remove with air conditioning, and there are the large amount of heat that enters a many "add-on" units that will need car. The automobile air conditioner servicing in the future. Here is an must remove the heat radiated from the excellent opportunity for the appliance sun, the heat radiated from the hot or automotive technician to break into a pavement, the heat conducted from the new and very profitable servicing field. engine through the fire wall, and the Servicing the automobile air conditioner heat developed by the transmission and will not only provide extra income, but exhaust system. will also give you the opportunity to However, unlike the central air- expand your mechanical skills. conditioning system in a home, the auto The automobile air conditioner is air conditioner must operate under far very similar to the home central air- more severe conditions. On a 100°F conditioning system. As a matter of day, with the car standing closed for a bY MikE layLoK

8 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com short time, the interior of the car may The automobile air conditioner (and reach a temperature of 130°F or more. for that matter, any air-conditioning or The air-conditioning system must re- refrigeration system) is a simple mech- duce this temperature to 70°F in a anical device used to move heat from reasonably short time. In order to do one place to another. The auto air con- this, the air-conditioning system must ditioner is designed to create a tempera- remove about 22,000 BTU's of heat per ture differential inside the car so that hour. heat will move from the warmer air into To understand how the auto air the cooler evaporator. Outside the car a conditioner operates, you should have a temperature differential is created to basic understanding of air conditioning move this heat from the warmer con- or refrigeration. Basically, the auto air denser into the cooler air outside. These conditioner has a compressor, an expan- two units, the evaporator and the con- sion valve, an evaporator, and a conden- denser, will bring the air around them to ser. These are the basic components of their respective temperatures. Thus, the the system and are illustrated in Fig.1. evaporator will cool the car, and the The expansion valve provides more condenser will heat the outside air. The control over the refrigerant flow than heat removed by the evaporator is taken the capillary tube used in other refriger- outside by the condenser. ation systems. As you will see later, the To accomplish this, we must have a expansion valve is necessary because of cold evaporator inside the car, and a hot the varying heat -load characteristics of condenser outside the car. The evapora- the automobile. tor is placed inside the car with a fan or

ÓISCHARGE HOSE

FIGURE 1. AIR-CONDITIONING COMPONENTS LOCATED IN THE ENGINE COM- PARTMENT-

July/August 9

www.americanradiohistory.com blower behind it to circulate the inside operate under high pressure. The com- air through the evaporator coil. The ponents below this line are all on the condenser is placed in front of the car low-pressure side, sometimes referred to radiator so that it will get the air flow as the suction side or low side, and created by the radiator fan and the operate on low pressure. movement of the car. These two units, The type of compressor used in the the evaporator and the condenser,' are auto air-conditioning system will vary connected in series with the compressor depending on the manufacturer, but all and expansion valve. The whole system operate in basically the same manner. In is completely sealed and filled with a most passenger cars, the compressor is refrigerant commonly referred to as belt -driven from the engine crankshaft. R-12. An electromagnetic clutch, part of the In 1955, all the manufacturers agreed compressor pulley assembly, enables the that refrigerant 12 (R-12) was the best compressor to shut down when the refrigerant for the automotive air- engine is running and the air condi- conditioning system. R-12 is available tioning is not needed. under many different trade names such The purpose of the compresser is as Freon 12®, Aircon 12®, Genetron twofold. First, the compressor must 12®, or Freeze 12®. The designation 12 raise the temperature of the refrigerant on the container indicates the contents by compressing it to a high pressure and to be R-12. thus raise the temperature of the refri- The compressor and expansion valve gerant vapor above the outside ambient act to separate the evaporator and con- temperature. Second, the compressor denser. Thus, there is a high-pressure must reduce the pressure in the evapora- area and a low-pressure area within the tor to lower the boiling point of the system. The refrigerant is pumped from refrigerant. The refrigerant vapor is the evaporator to the condenser by the drawn into the compressor suction valve compressor. Heat from the inside of the and forced out through the discharge car is absorbed by the evaporator and valve. Sometimes you will find a muffler causes the liquid refrigerant to boil, installed in the compressor discharge turning the refrigerant into a vapor. The line for quieter operation. compressor pumps the vaporized refri- Compressors are designed to operate gerant into the condenser and reduces on refrigerant vapor only. This is true the pressure in the evaporator while not only for the automotive compres- increasing the pressure in the condenser. sor, but for any compressor used for air The heat picked up in the evaporator is conditioning or refrigeration. Liquid re- released by the condenser as the refri- frigerant in the low side of the compres- gerant changes from a vapor back to a sor may cause permanent damage to the liquid. compressor. This is because a liquid Figure 2 is a basic diagram of an cannot be compressed. automobile air-conditioning system. A In most automotive systems, there horizontal line is drawn through the will be a receiver -drier between the center of the compressor. The top half condenser and expansion valve. The of the diagram is the high-pressure side receiver -drier acts as a storage tank for of the system, and the bottom half is the hot liquid refrigerant from the the low-pressure side. All of the compo- condenser. The outlet of the receiver- nents above this line are on the high- drier connects directly to the expansion pressure side, sometimes referred to as valve. The receiver -drier also acts as a the discharge side or high side, and filter and removes any moisture which

10 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com C( CONDENSER COILS

CONDENSER HIGH -SIDE SERVICE FITTING (DISCHARGE) RECEIVER -DRIER .51.= EXPANSION VALVE HIGH SIDE y.r" !1 LOW SIDE

V COMPRESSOR LOW -SIDE SERVICE FITTING (SUCTION) l EVAPORATOR 1 t- COILS HIGH SIDE CONTAINS: LOW SIDE CONTAINS: 1. Discharge side of Compressor 1. Suction side of Compressor and its High -Side Service and its Low -Side Service Fitting. Fitting. 2. Condenser. 2. Evaporator. 3. Receiver -Drier. 3. Outlet half of Expansion 4. Inlet half of Expansion Valve. Valve. 5. Connecting hoses to all parts 4. Connecting hoses to all parts described above. described above.

FIGURE 2. BASIC DIAGRAM OF AUTO AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM. happens to circulate with the refri- In most cases a sight glass is gerant. Moisture is the number one mounted near the receiver-drier. The enemy of any air-conditioning or refri- sight glass simply allows one to look at geration system. The receiver-drier con- the refrigerant as it flows through the tains a dessicant to remove the slightest refrigerant lines. A clear sight glass or bit of moisture that may be present. solid stream of refrigerant indicates that

July/August 11

www.americanradiohistory.com the system has the correct charge, or a boil and vaporize. The vapor is drawn slight overcharge. Occasional bubbles back through the compressor and then indicate that the system is slightly low to the condenser, and the cycle begins on refrigerant. Bubbles or foam in the again. sight glass indicate that the system is Only a few special tools are needed low on charge. to service the automobile air- The flow of refrigerant into the conditioning system. Most can be ob- evaporator must be properly controlled tained from local air-conditioning to obtain maximum cooling. Remem- supply houses, and in some cases ber, liquid refrigerant cannot be allowed (although at a higher price) from to enter the compressor. Therefore, all of automotive supply houses. the liquid refrigerant entering the evap- Since the system must be completely orator must vaporize before it reaches free of moisture and air, some type of the compressor. The metering of liquid vacuum pump is necessary. You must be refrigerant into the evaporator is accom- able to measure both the high pressure plished by the thermostatic expansion and low pressure at the compressor, so valve. The thermostatic expansion valve you will need some pressure gauges. meters the liquid refrigerant from the Most of the pressure gauges on the high-pressure condenser side to the low- market are in the form of a manifold pressure evaporator side of the system. with a high-pressure gauge and a low- A thermostat at the control valve within pressure gauge attached. This is called a the expansion valve opens and closes to manifold gauge. Flexible hoses are avail- control the flow of refrigerant. The able for connecting the gauges to the thermostat control also measures the air-conditioning system. temperature at the discharge end of the Refrigerant is available in small one - evaporator to ensure that all of the pound cans. The amount of refrigerant refrigerant is vaporized in the evapora- used in an automotive air-conditioning tor. Ideally, liquid refrigerant is present system varies, but is generally between throughout the entire evaporator, but two and five pounds. must be completely vapor at the outlet. Special precautions should be taken The thermostatic expansion valve when working with refrigerant. The must also compensate for changes in refrigerant is under very high pressure heat -load conditions. Increased heat and can be dangerous to handle. Do not load will cause the valve to open wider subject the refrigerant to excessive heat. and increase the refrigerant flow. A Never allow the containers to stand in decreased heat load will cause the ex- direct sunlight or near a heater. In some pansion valve to decrease the refrigerant cases, however, you may be directed to flow. warm the refrigerant when charging a The liquid refrigerant from the re- system. Set the cans in warm water or ceiver -drier enters the expansion valve wrap in rags saturated with warm water. under high pressure. The pressure and Never heat the container above 125°F. the temperature of the refrigerant are Special valves are available and reduced and the refrigerant leaves the should be used when charging a system expansion valve as a low-pressure cold from refrigerant cans. Be sure you have liquid. The temperature of the refriger- the correct valve for the type of can you ant is then lower than the temperature are using, and be sure the valve is of the air in the passenger compartment. secured to the can before puncturing The heat within the passenger compart- the seal. ment causes the liquid refrigerant to While we are on the subject of

12 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com charging an automotive air-conditioning lined up with each pulley. Check the system, remember to charge with refrig- compressor brackets and braces to be erant vapor only. As you will see later, sure they are tight and not cracked or you should charge the system with broken. Visually check the hoses and/or refrigerant vapor only, to prevent the copper lines for any indication of a leak. possibility of liquid refrigerant entering In many cases, an oily spot along the the compressor. When charging, keep refrigerant line will indicate a refrigerant the refrigerant can in an upright posi- leak. The compressor oil which flows tion at all times. along with the refrigerant liquid is car- You will also need a thermometer to ried out with the escaping refrigerant. measure the air temperature coming Also, check to be sure the condenser is from the evaporator and condenser. The clean and properly mounted. You thermometer is particularly helpful would be surprised at the number when checking the performance of a of service calls for poor system per- system. If, however, you suspect a formance caused by a buildup of refrigerant leak, you will need a propane leaves and dead insects on the con- type of leak detector. These are rela- denser tubing. tively inexpensive and can detect very The next step is to make an opera- small refrigerant leaks. tional test of the system. For this test Now that you have some idea of how you will need manifold gauges and a the air-conditioning system operates and thermometer. Attach your gauges to the what tools are needed, let's discuss some low -side and high -side service ports or of the servicing procedures. The first valves. Here, I would strongly recom- tests for any air-conditioning system are mend that you refer to the manufac- the common-sense tests. First, check to turer's service manual for the type of see that the drive belts are tight and service valves used. Many General

TABLE I

NORMAL PRESSURE READINGS*

Manufacturers Low -Side PSI High -Side PSI

Ford - AMC 15 30 170 200 Independents

Chrysler 22 - 26 170 - 200

General Motors 28 - 33 170 - 200

*Normal pressure gauge readings, assuming 80°F outside temperature. High -side pressure will increase with an increase in outside temperature.

July/August 13

www.americanradiohistory.com CHIMNEY WINDOW

REACTION GAS PLATE VALVE

PROPANE /CYLINDER

SEARCH HOSE

FIGURE 3. LEAK DETECTOR FOR FINDING AND LOCATING LEAKAGE OF R-12.

Motors and Chrysler systems use a system is low on refrigerant. Next, Schrader valve, which is very similar check the pressure readings on the to a common tire valve. As you tighten manifold gauges. Some normal pressure the hose to the Schrader valve, the readings are shown in Table 1. hose coupling compresses the valve The condenser should be uniformly core and opens the system to the hot to the touch. A difference of manifold gauges. temperature indicates a partial blockage Other systems use service valves of liquid or gas. The low side of the which are manually operated. After the system should be uniformly cool also, hoses are attached to the service port, but is usually not within easy reach. the service valve is opened partway. The air temperature at the outlet of Opening the valve opens the system to the evaporator should range between 40 the manifold gauges. and 45°F. After the inside has cooled After the gauges are attached, start down to the comfort range, 70° F, the the car and set it at a fast idle of air temperature at the outlet should be approximately 1500 rpm. Turn the air between 40 and 45° F. If the tempera- conditioner on to maximum cold and a ture is much higher, 50 to 70°F, there high blower setting. Allow a few min- could be a problem. Most problems with utes for the system to stabilize, then air-conditioning systems, especially in place the thermometer into the air vent the automobile with constant mechani- nearest the evaporator coil for a tem- cal vibration, are refrigerant leaks. perature reading. Inspect the sight glass The leak -detector torch mentioned for bubbles that would indicate the earlier is a propane gas -burning torch

14 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE

LOW -SIDE HIGH -SIDE HAND VALVE HAND VALVE OPEN CLOSED

HIGH SIDE (TO CONDENSER)

VALVES OPEN

1-1/2 - 2 TURNS (MID -POSITION)

COMPRESSOR LOW SIDE .A TO EVAPORATOR)

FIGURE 4. PURGING THE SYSTEM.

July/August 15

www.americanradiohistory.com (see Fig.3) used to locate refrigerant 29 and 29.5 in. of mercury. At this leaks. When refrigerant vapor is drawn vacuum, moisture in the system will into the search hose, the burning flame vaporize and be drawn out by the will change color in proportion to the vacuum pump. size of the leak. A small leak will After the desired vacuum has been produce a flame burning from a yel- reached, close both low- and high-side lowish green to a bright green. A large hand valves, turn off the vacuum pump, leak will produce a brilliant blue flame. and watch the low -side pressure reading. To use the leak detector, light the The vacuum reading should hold steady torch and adjust the flame so it is very and not increase. If the pressure reading small. A small flame is all that is increases, it indicates that a leak is still necessary, and will detect large as well present. as small leaks. First, use the search hose The next step, of course, is to re- and go around each tube connector, charge the system. Remove the center moving the end of the hose from point hose from the vacuum pump and con- to point. Refrigerant is heavier than air, nect it to the valve on your can of and it is a good practice to place the refrigerant. After the can is attached, open end of the search hose directly open the refrigerant can valve and purge below the point being tested. Watch for the air from the center hose of the a change in the color of the flame as manifold gauge set by momentarily you move the hose around. When you loosening the hose connection. This will have found the leak, you will then have allow all the air to escape, and you can to purge the remaining refrigerant from then retighten the connection. Slowly the system before you can make the open the low -side manifold hand valve repair. and allow the refrigerant to be sucked To purge the system, turn off the air into the system in vapor form. The conditioner and allow the system pres- pressure reading on both high- and sures to stabilize. This may take 30 low -side gauges should gradually in- minutes or so. Open the low -side hand crease. valve on the manifold gauge set, and As soon as the readings on both allow a moderate flow of refrigerant out gauges stabilize, close the low -side mani- of the center hose as shown in Fig.4. Be fold valve. Start the engine at fast idle, careful not to purge the system so fast and turn the air conditioner on maxi- that oil escapes with the refrigerant. mum cool at a high blower setting. After about 10 or 15 minutes, slowly Open the low -side manifold valve open the high-side valve. Allow all the slightly. Watch the gauge reading care- refrigerant and pressure to escape before fully. Do not allow the low -side gauge opening the system. Repair the leak or reading to exceed 40 psi, and be sure to leaks as necessary. keep the refrigerant can in an upright Before you can recharge the system position. It may be necessary to set the with refrigerant, you must evacuate the refrigerant can in a pan of warm water. entire system with a vacuum pump. Carefully watch the sight glass until Connect the center hose to the vacuum bubbles form and then disappear. At the pump as shown in Fig.5, and open both point when the bubbles disappear, shut high- and low -side manifold valves. The the low -side hand valve. The readings on system should not be running. Allow the low- and high -side gauges should the pump to run for at least 30 minutes. appear close to normal, and a tempera- The low -side reading on the manifold ture check at the evaporator should read gauge should show a vacuum between between 40 and 45°F.

16 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE

LOW -SIDE HIGH -SIDE HAND VALVE HAND VALVE OPEN OPEN

HIGH SIDE (TO CONDENSER)

INLET

DISCHARGE

1Ì\ VALVES OPEN

1-1/2 - 2 TURNS (MID -POSITION) VACUUM PUMP

COMPRESSOR LOW SIDE (TO EVAPORATOR)

FIGURE 5. EVACUATING THE SYSTEM.

July/August 17

www.americanradiohistory.com If additional refrigerant is necessary, gauges. Be sure to shut the service valves be sure the low -side manifold hand off before disconnecting the gauge valve is closed. Slowly remove the used hoses. The system should now be per- refrigerant can and discard it in a safe formance -checked once more, and com- manner. Then attach a new can of pletely leak -tested. refrigerant, and again purge the air Servicing the automobile air condi- from the center hose. Check the con- tioner can be very profitable. However, nections to be sur they are secure, and a thorough knowledge of air condi- again slowly open the low -side manifold tioning is necessary. If you would like valve. more information on automotive air When the recharging is completed, conditioning, or for that matter, on air stop the engine, allow the pressures to conditioning in general, write NRI for stabilize, and remove the manifold course information.

Rule Change Date Effective

1 Conditional Class License eliminated. Novice power June 25, 1976 limit upped to 250 W. 2 Technicians given Novice privileges. July 23, 1976 3 No new distinctive Novice call signs, although Novices October 1, 1976 may sign `IN." 4 No requirement to sign "portable" or "mobile" except November 26, 1976 foreign operators using reciprocal licenses. 5 First "comprehensive" cw exam given in Washington, January 1, 1977 D.C. office. No solid copy for one minute require- ment. 6 Court case "temporarily" suspends all license fees. January 1, 1977 7 New "interim" licenses issued upon upgrade of license March 1, 1977 class at an FCC office.

8 Secondary station licenses eliminated. March 3, 1977 9 97.95(a)(2) deleted. No notification of new address March 9, 1977 required. 10 New emission purity standards. All spurious emissions April 15, 1977 down 40 db for transmitters operating below 30 MHz, down 60 db for transmitters of 25 watts or more operating between 30 MHz and 235 MHz 197.73).

11 Code sending test deleted from Commission-admini- August 26, 1977 stered examinations. 12 97.95(b)(2) rescinded. Maritime Mobile in Region 2 September 12, 1977 may use all amateur frequencies. In foreign waters may use only frequencies authorized by regional government. 13 Call sign restructure making special calls available March 24, 1978 to various class license holders. 14 Ban on commercial 10 -meter linear amplifiers. April 28, 1978 15 Novice license term extended to five years, renewable. May 15, 1978 Technicians given full privileges above 50 MHz.

18 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com

I really hate to say it, but we amateurs are getting to be real appliance operators. Very seldom do we take on a real from -the -ground -up building project anymore. I guess there are lots of reasons for this, but perhaps the biggest one is that electronics parts are hard to come by these days. Of course, not all amateurs are interested in "rolling their own" rigs and equipment, but it is still one of the very important facets of amateur radio for many persons. I happen to be one of them. I really do get a kick out of building my own equipment and seeing it work. I don't mean building a Heathkit or any other of the "solder wire A to terminal B" kits. Not that there is anything wrong with kits, though. It is truly satisfying to build something useful from salvaged parts. With the advent of transistors and ICs, printed circuits, and miniaturized equipment, there is really more oppor- tunity for the interested ham to get into building gear than was possible some years ago when everything required vacuum tubes. It's fun and really very easy. Of course if you are interested in building high -power amplifiers and transmitters, you will probably be better off with a commercial kit, since Ted Beach parts for such equipment tend to be rath- er expensive as well as scarce these days. What I will discuss this time is how K4MKX to go about finding parts to use for your own building projects. This is distinct from the usual supply source normally considered. One always has access to the parts sold by the "surplus" houses that advertise in all the electronics publica- tions. There is a Radio Shack just around the corner from almost every- one, but I hate to pay the prices asked for simple parts by these sources. I have used their services, however, when one value of resistor or a certain capacitor was ab- solutely necessary to finish up a project.

July/August 19

www.americanradiohistory.com What I am really talking about is I might not be able to do this, so let's finding parts at very low cost that can look for an alternate source. I have be used to make home-brew projects disassembled many of the newer i -f useful in your electronics projects. transformers presently used in transistor These projects need not be restricted to radios, and know that most of them use amateur radio applications-the sky's a small form surrounded by a ferrite the limit! Actually, I have had several cup -core tuning slug. I have several of projects recently that were more in- these transformers lying around the volved with computers than with shack all the time. Now, if these cup - amateur radio. However, I think you core slugs did not have a solid top, they should probably be able to get a few would be an ideal form for a toroid hints from the following comments to transformer. The problem, then, is to help you find and use parts for almost cut off the top of the cup -core to make any electronics project. it into a useful toroid. Most recently I have been interested Very easy. All you need is a small in building a circuit board I could vise to hold the cup -core steady and a interface with my microcomputer to fine-tooth jigsaw. Two minutes of work help program erasable programmable will yield a no -cost toroid form. Some read-only memory ICs. Generally sandpaper judiciously applied to the speaking, the computer operates from a rough edges of the form will smooth out single +5 -volt power supply, and to the dips and dents caused by the jigsaw. program the EPROMs, a power supply Now, where does one get the small - of +26 volts at about 5 mA is needed. diameter wire to wind the transformer? This voltage almost always is obtained Fortunately, I had several dead TV from three 9 -volt transistor batteries chassis in the basement that I use for connected in series, regulated down to nothing but this sort of exercise. The the required +26 volts by a zener diode. horizontal output transformer from any For my programmer, I decided to use TV will yield more small insulated the existing +5 -volt power supply in copper wire than anyone would be able conjunction with a very simple dc -to -dc to use in a normal lifetime! What I converter. This is nothing more than a found was about No. 32 wire-very transistor oscillator driving a trans- small and with low current -handling former whose output is rectified and ability. Just what I needed for my filtered to supply the high voltage. I dc -to -dc converter. won't go into the design of the actual My calculations indicated that with a supply here, but will tell you how I 20 -turn center -tapped primary winding, went about finding the parts to make I would need 60 turns on the secondary the supply. to provide about 30 volts peak from a First of all, a conventional iron -core +5 -volt source. Figure 1 shows the transformer could have been used, but actual connections used for those of the size would have made the finished you interested in the actual converter. circuit board monstrous. For this rea- The primary consists of two strands of son, I decided to make a toroid trans- the wire wound at the same time to former of quite small size to do the job. occupy the entire circumference of the The problem was to find one suffi- toroid. ciently small to make the transformer. After winding the wires on the form, I know that I can go to a local store they were held in place with some clear and buy toroid forms made by Amidon nail polish-very fast -drying. Rather that will work well. However, next time than wind 60 individual turns on the

20 NR I Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com secondary, I threaded 3 strands of the older sets used power transformers, and wire on the form, making a total of 20 it is a fairly simple job to rewind these turns. Then the secondary was secured devices to produce the voltages and with some more clear nail polish and the currents needed for many different re- three separate windings connected in quirements. The initial price is right, series. Use an ohmmeter to identify the and a little time is time well -spent if you three separate windings. If you are very don't have to lay out lots of bucks. fortunate, you may find wire from In most power transformers I've different flybacks that have different seen, the primary winding is on the color insulation. In this case, just con- inside and can be left alone. Remove the nect the ending of one winding to the two shells from the transformer, and beginning of another, and so on, using then identify the various windings that the different colored wires to go by may be present. Look for a filament rather than an ohmmeter. winding (5 volts or 6.3 volts) and count A trial run of the completed circuit the number of turns of wire on it. This showed that a 0.1-µF capacitor would will give you a "turns -per-volt" figure to be adequate for the filter since the use in putting on any new windings. operating frequency under load (5 mA) To make the job easier, remove all of was about 50,000 Hz. The diodes were the iron "E" and "I" laminations from dredged up from the junk box, and the the transformer. Remove all the wind- transistors were liberated from a video ings, except the primary, from the form. amplifier in the same TV that provided Then, using the "turns-per -volt" the wire for the transformer. figure obtained from one of the filament If you need a power transformer for windings, wind onto the form the wire one of your pet projects, don't overlook needed to make your custom trans- the same old TV chassis. Many of the former. Consult the standard wire tables

2.2K

+5

FIGURE 1. DC -TO -DC CONVERTER USING A HOMEMADE TOROID TRANSFORMER.

July/August 21

www.americanradiohistory.com for the size of wire needed to handle a used PC cards and junked TV chassis, given current. costing next to nothing. Anyway, I urge When you are through, paint the new you to try your hand at some home - transformer with shellac and reinstall brewing of small circuits-it's fun! the laminations removed earlier, bolt Now let's see who we have heard them together, and try it out. It's really from since last time. As usual, those list- quite simple and certainly worth a try ed first are students and graduates of our to make a custom power transformer. Amateur courses, while those listed last Most TV -type transformers will be capa- are from other NRI programs. ble of providing about 200 to 300 watts There certainly are a lot of "up- if you use the original primary winding grades" in the list this time -12 out of and the same core laminations. 19-and the odds are even better for the Junked TV chassis can also yield NRI Amateur License students and other useful parts, such as wire, capaci- graduates -4 out of 5! tors, sockets, resistors, tubes (perhaps The story of how Paul, WA21ZW, transistors), and more. The horizontal got his General ticket is an interesting output tube makes a dandy 50- to one. Back in March, Paul and his family 75 -watt final amplifier. The 3.58 -MHz were returning to New York from a color crystal is smack in the middle of vacation in Florida and decided to tour the 75 -meter band, so latch on to that Washington D.C. Paul thought that he as well. might as well take advantage of the fact The point is, there are several parts that the local FCC office gives weekly that you can use in discarded electronic exams, so he went on down and did a equipment. I frequently buy the "sur- number on the General Test. Nice way plus" electronic circuit boards at ham- to end a vacation, Paul! Also, with fests simply because they are crammed nothing better to do, he and his wife with transistors, diodes, resistors, and dropped by the NRI offices for a tour similar items. When I need a part, I drag and chatted with some of the people out the old PC boards and start looking. here. It is always very nice to have the I almost always find something close to opportunity to meet you nice people of the mail what I need, if not the exact part. The out there at the other end price is usually right for these boards, box, and we all enjoy your visits. his Extra and I have even gotten some fairly large WA2TRY may even have ones for as little as twenty-five cents, by now. Jim writes: "... wanted to let crammed with diodes, transistors, and you know that I just upgraded my ham ceramic capacitors. I usually leave the ticket to the Advance Class as a result of parts on the boards until I need one. the NRI course. In about four weeks I Makes storage and searching much easier. hope to go for my Extra." Excellent, Even the plundered PC boards can be Jim, and I'm sure you probably did it all from useful. I take an old wallpaper scraper too. Jim says he works bands and remove all the foil from the card 80 meters through 2 meters, using a and then cut it up into smaller pieces Heath SB102 with home-brew con- which I then use to construct small verters for 6 and 2 (SSB). upgrade circuits. I drill the holes needed (some- WB8YAG is another recent times one can use the holes already who says he hopes to go on to General there) and perform point-to-point just as soon as he can get the code speed wiring. Nothing wasted! up. Everett says he spends most of his Perhaps next time I'll show you a time on 2 -meter FM, but still finds time couple of the things I've made from to get a little code practice in every now

22 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com Ir. I..I M and then. That's all it takes, Everett, WD4L00 upgraded his Novice ticket some good concentrated practice. to a General at the Raleigh Hamfest in WB1DKX has an assortment of gear April of this year. Ed got the Novice that he uses in his shack. Mike has an ticket last year at the tender age of 47, Argonaut with a 50 -watt linear and an and is looking forward to bigger and old Globe DSB 100 double-sideband better things with his new license. Ed transmitter he uses with a National presently uses a CONAR 400 trans- NC98. Antennas are a dipole for 80 and mitter and a Hammarlund HQ 129X a quarter -wave vertical for 10. Mike says receiver fitted with an MJF CW filter. he hopes to put up some more antennas His main antenna is a 14AVQ vertical, this summer, and is looking forward to and he has recently acquired an elderly finishing the Model 452 2 -meter trans- Knight T-60 transmitter and a Heath ceiver so he can get on 2. Mike is also HR -10 receiver which he hopes to have just about ready to go down and take on the air real soon. his Advanced test. Good luck. WD4ONY sent us a photo QSL card WA2MNJ is another student in our showing his "old" shack, but says that Communications course, and he phoned the rig presently in use is a Ten Tec the other day to say that he had just Century 21 CW transceiver in conjunc- passed his Extra test. Fine business, Al. tion with an MFJ tuner and a long wire

Paul WA2IZW G* Albany NY Jim WA2TRY A* Flanders NJ Dave WB3KTS T* Philadephia PA Howard WD5ERN N Shannon MS Everett WB8YAG T* Midland MI

Mike WB1 DKX G Newport NH Al WA2MNJ E* Ed WD4L00 G* Carrboro NC Carl WD4ONY G* Louisville KY Bill WD4RPA G* Dallas GA Luck WA4STO A* Seven Fountains VA Lay mon WA4YZT T Nashville TN Lee WD5JYE N Garland TX Bill WA6YKH A Tustin CA Paul WD8IXX G Rapid River MI John WD8RWG T* - Chuck WB8UTC G* Elyria OH Bob WDOFZZ T Aredale IA Ken WBORZI T* Zumbrota MN

*Just upgraded - congratulations!

July/August 23

www.americanradiohistory.com antenna. I've seen that rig, Carl, and I was just browsing through some old can say that it is very impressive for copies of the NRI Journal the other day such a small package. I envy you! and decided to check in. Thanks, Ken. Bill, WD4RPA, sent us a copy of his He says that he now has a job with brand-new General ticket along with a "reasonable" hours and feels that he note that said: "I finally got my Qeneral will have more time to operate and class ticket. Wanted it since 1948, experiment than he had before. Ken's finally in March, 1978 took the test and station consists of an old Knight re- am now WD4RPA. I hope to upgrade to ceiver, a Globe Chief transmitter with Extra in a month or so." Very fine, Bill, Heath VFO, and a 10- and 15 -meter and after 30 years it sure is nice to have vertical. things going your way for a change! Finally, I'd like to make a comment WA4STO is another student in the or two about the "Rule Change" table Communications course who is looking that accompanies the Ham News (see forward to building the Model 452 page 18). This was started some time 2 -meter transceiver. Actually, Luck says ago in an attempt to keep you all that the new Heath HW 101 he just "current" on what the newest FCC finished building took a lot of study rules are. These are capsule summaries time away from the course, but he will of the rules changes, and everyone soon be back at it. He appears to be a is urged to avail themselves of the very active amateur operator and is published Part 97 when it is printed in quite interested in the many public March each year. Many of the Ham service nets and other operations going publications, such as QST, 73, CQ, and on in his area. Luck is active on the 75 - Ham Radio, carry much fuller descrip- and 40 -meter Virginia traffic nets and tions of recent changes, and you are the Shenandoah Valley service net urged to consult these publications too. which handles a large amount of traffic There is always the possibility of in the Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, confusion with the short summaries we Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania print, so do read them carefully. As an areas. Very fine, Luck. I'm glad to know example, we have had at least a dozen people like you. letters asking if indeed there was no WD5JYE previously held the call more code test required (Number 11). W4ORR in 1950 and says he is "starting Unfortunately there is, but the sending from scratch" with his brand-new test has been eliminated from all Novice ticket. Lee's next step will be c ommission-administered code tests. Technician in a couple of months Novices still have to demonstrate their .. or at least by my 61st birthday in sending ability for their volunteer ex- December." Hope you keep at it this aminer. This change, in conjunction time, Lee. I'm sure you'll go a long way. with Number 5 in the table, means that Out California way, WA6YKH is clerical personnel can administer the burning things up with a Yaesu FT101E code test as well as the written test in and FL2100B linear into a two -meter the FCC offices, making exam adminis- quad on 15 meters. Bill teaches amateur tration and processing much simpler for classes in his spare time, having taken the FCC staff. the large leap from Novice to Advanced Anyway, be sure to read our "Rule himself in less than a year. Congratu- Changes" carefully and consult the lations, Bill. other periodicals for more details. Note WBORZI, who is a graduate of an also that there are three new items in early Master TV Repair Course (1975), the table. Very 73-Ted-K4MKX.

24 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com 3kinur lrngrarn Autarn

For outstanding grades throughout their NRI courses of study, these March and April graduates were given Certificates of Distinction with their NRI diplomas.

WITH HIGHEST HONORS Roger Dale Perkins, Muskegon MI Richard Paul Brown, Philadelphia PA Dewey L Pilgrim, Sr., Snellville GA John Martin Browning, Mekinock ND Jerry R. Albin, Pie Town NM David Lee Post, Seminole OK Clyde Arthur Bruseau, Sweet Home OR Robert G. Amelung, New Milford NJ Nigel Stuart Price, Hamilton, Bermuda Steve M. Buckley, Westlake OH R. William Brian Anderson, Vancouver BC Canada S. Register, Fairhope AL Dean C. Burrill, Lubec ME Robert W. F. Baird, Fredericksburg VA Mikki Reynard, Bloomington IN Vincent G. Campanella, Old Bridge NJ Robert Earl Barrow, Washington DC R. W. Rhoads, Chickasha OK Joseph Capone, Elmendorf AFB AK David R. Beckwith, West Newbury MA Robert C. Riese, Leavenworth KS Daniel G. Cardwell, Summit NJ Lawrence L. Bennett, Wantagh NY Walter A. Roberts, Trinidad CA Le Roy A Carstens, Excelsior Springs MO Stanley T. Berkoski, Sound Beach NY Robert J. Seeger, Cahokia IL Larry Jay Carver, Mansfield OH Jeff Bockman, Forbestown CA Harry A. Shoff, Newville PA Donald D. Chaffin, San Antonio TX Horace Cochran, Green Bay WI Kirk Thomas Showalter, Reinholds PA D. J. Chitty, Gonzales LA Gerald L Conken, Pittsboro NC Fred Earl Sloan, Mobile AL Larry Anthony Cisson, Kodiak AK Dennis J. Crimmins, W. Spencer, New York NY John Jr., Colonial Heights VA Edward P. Clark, Raleigh NC John S. Culpepper, Sandston VA Robert Spencer, Franklinville NY Neil L Cleveland, Conyers GA Ronnie B. Cedar Curry, Hill TX John Stanley, San Jose CA Robert W. Cochran, Troy IL Paul Dennis, Three Hills AB Canada Andrew A. Steficek, St. Clair PA Richard J. Coddington, Glenview IL William B. Dickinson, Seabrook MD Everett R. Stickney, South Boston MA James Coker, Wyandotte MI Raymond W. Dupuis, Lake Park FL David M. Swinney, Bossier City LA Leon B. Cole, Jr., Rochester NY Charles E. Eastburn, MaxveII AFB AL Donald John Terry, Conroe TX Domenic Constanzino, Burnaby BC Canada Arthur F. Farwell, Jr., Pensacola FL Sheila M. Thornton, New York NY Earl C. Coombs, Jr., Augusta ME Roger A. Fritts, Great Meadows NJ Glen Turner, Houston TX Calvin F. Corrigall, Tonawanda NY John M. Furlong, St. John's NF Canada Ronald Urban, Glendale NY John F. Cotter, South San Francisco CA Donald I. Galen, Danville CA Timothy Jude Verellen, Snover MI Dewey W. Cox, Elberton GA Joseph J. Gallagher, Bruceton PA William A. Wilson, Marietta GA Morris H. Crabb, Elsinore UT Richard Garrabrant, Johnstown OH Robert Winegar, A Oxnard CA Francisco Cruz, Winnipeg MB Canada Loyle Hilton Gay, Fort Worth TX Frederick P. Wiswell, Boulder CO John A Cunningham, Orlando FL Paul E. Goddard, Clinton IA Joseph S. Yost, Kunkletown PA Lawrence M. Cuozzo, Whitestone NY William M. Greenberg, San Antonio TX Elvin A. Young, Los Gatos CA John A. Czenszak, South Charleston WV Cecil D. Hall, Winder GA Thomas H. Zarder, North Las Vegas NV Augusto S. D'Almeida, Mackenzie BC Canada Kenneth H. Hamilton, Fairfax VA Joseph Frank Zerial, Chicago IL Donald Dewain Davis, Columbia MO Jeffrey Lee Hauser, Aitkin MN Michael A. Davis, Greenwood IN James A. Hayes, Lowmansville KY J. M. Daw, Saraland AL Berlin A. Heck, Forest WITH HIGH HONORS City MO David G. Deabenderfer, Otis AFB MA. Gene N. Hicks, Peru NY Jerry J. Acquistapace, Moffet Field AFB CA Gary Francis DeFemia, Coventry CT Kelvin A. Higgins, Oakland ME Conrado Alicdan, Jr., APO San Francisco Timothy LaVerne Deward, Kalamazoo MI Leslie Highmoor, Glenovon SK Canada James B. Anderson, Ludington MI Kenneth N. Derstine, Quakertown PA Thomas W. Hobbs, Laurel MD Ernest A. Austin, Jr., Oxford MA Marshall B. Diamond, Fredericksburg VA Ernest O. Joas, APO New York Thomas V. Avallone, Willingboro NJ Charles Dale Donohue, Baton Rouge LA Richard Eudell Johnson, Pearl MS George A. Babel, Alexandria VA Bob James Drivas, Newport News VA Wilson Kean, Corner Brook NF Canada Gerald Carens Bailey, Jr., Rantoul IL Francis Peter Dube, Troy OH H. F. Klassen, Maryfield SK Canada Jack R. Bailey, Scio OR William R. Dryer, Cullman AL Duane D. Lakoduk, Elk River MN J. Robert Barnhill, Elkview WV Nathan Eckels, Springfield OH Carl E. Leavitt, Scipio UT Robert A. Batty, Louisville CO Byron John Edgett, Ocean City NJ Richard E. Lee, Riverton UT Thomas K. Bell, Jr., Richmond VA Vern Eikenberry, Gettysburg OH Robert M. Lee, Saint Paul MN James A. Bellamy, Nanuet NY Charles T. Erwin, Saint Louis MO Susan E. Lewis, Winston-Salem NC Andrew Joseph Belliveau, Oceanside CA James Richard Felton, Lake Havasu AZ Thomas Junior Marshall, Silver Spring MD Larry E. Berge, Forest Hills NY Lawrence Festa, Bay Shore NY Walter Martschini, Danbury CT John B. Bermingham, Glen Ellyn IL Donald L Fickey, Waldwick NJ George R. McCroy, Lakeville MN Cornelius Bille, Waupaca WI Gerald Albert Fowles, South Deerfield MA Dennis P. McGowan, Rolla MO Michael L Blevins, Savannah GA Niels P. Frandsen, Potomac MD Max E. McKahan, Westville IN Peter Bodine, Seattle WA Merl E. Frappier, Crossville TN John Michael McKenzie, Mount Rainier MD Roman T. Bohatiuk, Newark NJ Francis L Gable, Savanna IL James R. Merriman, Jacksonville AR Joseph P. Borden, Jr., Bronx NY Rocco A. Gallo, Leetonia OH Robert E. Moder, Marysville OH Peter Born, Stoney Creek ON Canada John L Galloway, Dixon CA Robert L Ody, Redmond WA Stephen M. Bovia, Cumberland RI Amador Carza, Lantana FL Kenneth Okolowicz, Fairport NY Jeffrey E. Bowman, Lancaster PA Theresa A. Gehring, Tripler Hl David Milton Page, Dallas TX Paul B. Bradsher, Spring Lake NC William M. Glass, Columbia MO Garnet M. Parks, Jr., Laurel MD Richard A. Broadwater, Carlton OR Anthony Godi no, Manalapan NJ

July/August 25

www.americanradiohistory.com HONORS Lloyd G. Goodwin, Berea OH Michael K. Nussbaum, Dalton OH WITH Robert W. Gordon, Hooksett NH Gordon W. Oberlin, Pinawa MB Canada Howard Acker, Painesville OH George A. Grant, Alameda CA Robert A. Ogle, Grand Haven MI John Adams, Cambridge ON Canada Gene L Groves, Helloman AFB NM Charles F. Olson, Grant MI Harvey A. Ainsworth, Moose Pass AK James M. Omen, FPO San Francisco James F. Palmer, Pensacola FL David R. Alderson, Hardin MO Raymond J. Hale, Twin Lake MI Paul Edward Park, Minot AFB ND Lester R. Amos, Jr., Manchester TN Harry L. Hancox, Jr., Vacaville CA Antonio Pertigianoni, Fort McClellan AL Sergio A. Arias, Philadelphia PA Doreen D. Hanson, Adams Center NY Bobby G. Pate, Eden NC Atwell, Lakehurst NJ Robert Hanson, Costa Mesa CA Marshall Pearson, FPO San Francisco Vincent Wilson Clifford Hatch, Streator IL Jerry Frank Pelch, Jr., Laurel MD Jack L Austin, Hixton WI Thomas W. Austin, Arlington VA John B. Hatfield, Jr., Malone NY Glen V. Peters, Trent SD J. Bailey, Avon Park FL Michael L Headford, Fort Wayne IN Howard R. Peters, Lynchburg VA Thomas VA Philip M. Hefley, Houma LA Russell W. Peterson, Carmichael CA Andrew H. Baines, Courtland Richard L Henderson, Aurora CO Reginals Piper, College Park MD Carl E. Baird, Richland WA Bedford MA William T. Henry, Jr., Albertville AL Anthony F. Polick, Belleville IL Roland A. Banville, New Barela, Albuquerque NM Charles R. Herbert, Philadelphia PA Larry S. Poole, Johnson City TN Dennis G. North Fort Lewis WA Robert A. Hill, Margeretville NY William Robert Porter, Long Beach CA Arthur D. Bassett, Jr., GA Steven William Hailing, Nyssa OR Val Warren Powell, Fort Knox KY Ted Beckwith, Conyers F. Belk, Coos Bay OR Maurice E. Holmes, Jr., Minot ND Gary L Powers, Gothenburg NE George Jr., NC Richard A. Hopkins, Annapolis MD Kenneth Wilfred Prince, Wyomissing PA Lucius M. Bennett, Charlotte Bennett, Lansing MI Robert M. Hubbard, Boston MA Wayne Proefrock, FPO New York Orlie L Brantford ON Canada David Allen Hubble, Merridian ID John Pulsifer, Elizabethtown NY Richard Bere, Hornell NY David Herman Husel, Moorhead MN Harold Vance Queen, Orlando FL Robert F. Beyea, Jr., John H. Blackburn, Ancram NY Raymond S. Isenson, Santa Maria CA Roger A. Rademacher, Gresham NE Lee Bodnar, Danville KY Art Jaeger, Coral Gables FL Kendrick Dale Rector, Connersville IN Michael George R. Boehl, Pittsford NY Tony Jacobs, Virginia Beach VA Scott M. Reph, Whitehall PA Greenbelt MD Harold L Jester, Kansas City MO David A. Riccio, Orleans MA Julian B. Bordas, D. Bower, Richmond IN Irvin Johnson, Janesville WI Jimmie R. Rister, Akron OH Robert Rankin IL Art Jones, Vallejo CA George V. Roarick, Porter Corners NY Tom Bradley, Roland J. Bragg, Burlington VT Gary E. Keffer, Chesapeake VA Charles S. Roberts, Jacksonville IL Briggs, Amsterdam NY Thomas Robert Kibbey, Portland TN George A. Ruttan, Union Lake MI Clayton Martin Albert Brill, Detroit MI Russell King, East Canton OH William W. Saunders, Simpsonville SC Clarence A. Brown, Milan MI James L. Kirby, Kenner LA Paul A. Schack, Santee CA Brown, Bellflower CA Robert Calviv Kirby, Washington DC Jay H. Schnell, Willcox AZ Stanley M. Thomas E. Brown, Summerville SC Vincent R. Kisiel, Poway CA James Schrank, Georgetown TX J. Brubaker, Beale AFB CA Solomon I. Klein, Jersey City NJ Richard P. Schwieter, Quincy IL Larry B. Brummit, Hampton VA Charles H. Koch, Brooklyn NY Sterling Short, Houma LA Lonnie IA David Henry Burgess, Lapeer MI Kurt W. Kopp, Springfield MO Mason C. Shurtleff, Council Bluffs J. Clearwater FL Michael Kreisher, Saratoga Springs NY Raymond A. Shyptycki, San Bernardino CA George Burnosky, WI Otha Butler, Hodgenville KY Ronald S. Krive, Linn MO Donald S. Sickels, Forrestville L SD Herbert Kull, Lebanon OH Raymond A. Sievers, Great Falls MT Randall J. Byington, Bridgewater Park NY John Vincent Labbe, Cuyahoga Falls OH Robert Lewis Sinns, Phillipsburg NJ Agatino Cannetti, Deer Glen Echo MD Michael Lakomy, Dearborn MI Gilbert G. Sloan, St. Marys PA William D. Cannon, Jr., AZ Frank Langrell, Woodlands MB Canada Patrick M. Slusser, North Haledon NJ Robert R. Carda, Tucson Gastonia NC William T. Lank, Huntington Beach CA Jerry Robert Smith, Oregon OH Wilburn E Carswell, NY Wilbur A. Lauber, Decatur IL Samuel G. Smith, Falmouth ME Douglas E Carvin, Oneonta PO Bill J. Lehman, Lilburn GA Wayne N. Smith, Mission TX Gaston Cassivi, Gaspe Canada WA Fred C. Lathan, Paradise Hill SK Canada John William Snider, Asheboro NC William Chaisson, Spokane Floyd Lechner, Milton-Freewater OR Ronald Sowinski, Milwaukee WI Ping -Yuan Wang Chang, Tyngsboro MA FL Richard Gene Loeffert, Newfane NY Ronald Spanton, Albion NY Don Ricardo Chin, Fort Lauderdale James C. Longbrake, San Pedro CA Romaine W. Spieker, Ashburn GA John J. Clark, Macomb IL Roy A. Lownds, Scottsdale AZ Paul B. Spisak, Latrobe PA Terry Lynn Cogdill, Sun Prairie WI Tim Ivan Mahaffey, Youngwood PA Thomas E St. George, Rochester MN Gary L Connor, Athens IL Karl Blaine Manning, FPO New York Robert Edwin Stanton, Bozeman MT George D. Cook, Jr., Macungie PA A. Cook, Seaside CA LaVerne Marvin, Avoca NY Allen R. Stevens, Holts Summit MO Walter E. Copeland, Jr., Lake Wales FL Ivey L Mason, Jr., Birmingham AL David James Stitt, Waterford CA Arthur David Timothy Covert, West Covina CA Joseph C. Mater, Jr., Santa Ana CA James G. Stover, Fairfax VA Lawrence W. Cross, Jr., FPO New York Wayne William Maurer, Garfield Heights OH Ricky Surber, Todd NC Richard D. Cuffley, Upperco MD Steven L. McCauley, Shullsburg, WI John H. Swaffietd, Fort Devens MA Harry W. Curfman, Jamestown RI Ronnie McCombs, Finger TN James C. Swinler, Jr., Moundsville WV E. Curtis, Huntsville TX William McDonald, Jr., Seattle WA Sidney R. Thompson, Lanham MD John Gerald L Czermendy, New York NY Matthew Charles McFadden, Cincinnati OH Jeffrey Lee Tice, Annville PA Burton V. Davidson, Bradley Beach NJ Leon Tucker McFarlane, Evanston IL Howard W. Travis, Bath NY Denver CO Arnie R. Davis, Regina SK Canada Bernard J. McKenna, APO New York Joseph R. Trombino, H. Tuttle, Norway ME Russell G. Davis, Milford DE Edward C. McLean, Belmont NC Donald MA Dennis J. Dellaquila, Phoenixville PA Adam J. Melerine, Mandeville LA Robert E Unangst, Jr., Swansea VA Joseph Frank DeLuca, Jr., Merced CA David A. Mellott, Falls Church VA Eugene M. Valle, Richmond Villasenor, Pomona CA Gary J. Denwick, Alexandria VA Alfred L. Merrill, Cedar Springs MI Julio Jose Staten Island NY Thomas J. DeVries, Dolton IL Earl L Merrill, Salt Lake City UT Kenneth Vollweiler, Richton Park IL Rafael Diaz, Bronx NY Jacques Minville, Lawrenceville PO Canada Robert Vysther, Kenneth M. Walker, Albuquerque NM Unico Di Neo, Philadelphia PA Lee R. Mitchell, Grand Forks MD G. Walls, Rolla MO Richard L. Dubasov, Leaf Rapids MB Canada Ross Mobbley, Vallejo CA Stephen E. Wanner, FPO New York Claude H. Duckworth, Riverside RI Gerald C. Moilanen, Rapid River MI Gerald M. Warchola, Belleville NJ Charles M. Duffy, Salem VA Paul P. Monteleone, Sparta NJ Richard River WI Johnny Eugene Duke, Florence AL Doris L Moore, Atlanta MO Gene L Weber, Eagle P. Weloan, Aldergrove BC Canada Gary A. Ducan, Pine Knot KY Fred C. Moore, Jr., Glenside PA Leslie ME G. M. Durham, Jr., Montrose CO. Edward G. Mulligan, APO New York Richard J. Wengland, Gorham IN Otho M. Eakin, Jr., Vienna VA Roger Clinton Mullin, Pine River MN Steven E. Whittlesey, Waldron Gerard Richard Eber, Rome NY Roger D. Mullins, Rantoul IL Mark R. Wilbrandt, Mukwonago WI Falls David M. Eberlin, South Euclid OH Thomas J. Mun, Pearl City HI Wayne Williams, Calhoun SC Harry W. Edwards, Sterling Heights MI George F. Murphy, Wolcott CT Ben Lee Wilson, Gastonia NC Eggleston, Louisville KY John T. Murphy, Houston TX George E Wilson, Del City OK Eugene William F. Ellis, APO New York Steve John Nages, Ithaca NY Lawrence R. Winn, Cape Neddick ME Gordon Stanley Nelson, Pierson MI J. B. Wiseman, Jr., Chattanooga TN James R. Eschbacher, Clinton MD Dennis W. Neufeld, Edmonton AB Canada Edward J. Wochlschlegel, San Angelo TX Charles Felker, Jr., Corning NY Donald Nordberg, Monticello KY Alan Wytas, Stafford Springs CT Kevin E. Ferguson, Crapaud PEI Canada NJ Gerald D. Norton, Campbell CA Larry C. Zingler, Rockford IL Eugene J. Fodor, West New York

26 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com Raymond C. Fogg, Palo Alto CA Deloris L Libby, Bridgeport CT Charles D. Savell, Garden Grove CA Arthur P. Ford, Keasbey NJ Peter E. Liimatta, Millersville MD Theodore Scarborough Ill, Olney MD Donald R. Frantz, Walnutport PA Charles A. Lilley, Lancaster PA George I. Schram, Deming WA Mark E. Frierson, Alachua FL Dayton E. Lockwood, Jr., Dallas TX Victor A. Schwartz, Savage MD James Alfred Gaglione, Glen Burnie MD Earl E. Loss, Mount Vernon IL John P. Schweitzer, West Lake John P. Gagnon, Sparks NV OH Ninian Y. Maclnnis, Gerson ON Canada Ruben R. Seda -Morales, Virginia Beach Johnnie G. Garcia, Falls City TX VA Ted N. Maciolek, Trenton NJ Robert Lee Seltzer, South Portland ME John M. Garland, Robbinsdale MN Robert A. MacKenzie, New Albany IN P. Serani, Raymond A. Gegzna, Dale Des Plaines IL Rochester NY Leopoldo C. Maldia, FPO San Francisco George Gendron, John Shaffran, Los Angeles CA APO New York C. John Marona, Millbrook NY Jesus M. Giraldo, Tampa FL Michael E. Shepperd, Indianapolis IN Douglas E. Martin, Lugoff SC Ernesto M. Goingo, Charles Y. Sherrell, Raleigh NC Leaf Rapids MB Canada Robert Martinazzi, Nanty Glo PA Terry H. Gong, Livermore Timothy L Shultz, Cherry Point NC CA Joe B. Mason, Pleasantville NJ Alfred H. Gonzalez, Springfield VA Donald I. Simonson, Edgerton WI Marlin P. Mason, Front Royal VA Edward Richard Charles Goodall, Jeannette PA L Simpson, Jr., Hampton VA Douglas Jerome Mauldin, Crestview FL Eddie Doan R. Green, APO San Francisco Arnold Sines, Mechanicsburg, PA Earnest L McCart, Boulder CO Jack W. Green, Oneonta AL Donald C. Skurka, Whiting IN Richard D. McDonnell, Des Moines IA Michael Jon G. Gate, FPO San Francisco L Smargiassi, Davie FL James J. McGraw, Shrub Oak NY Gary Paul J. Hafner, North East MD Smith, Taber AB Canada Thomas L McGuire, Pleasant Hill CA Luther Hamilton, Robert James Smith, Cincinnati OH Longview TX William P. McKibbins, Milwaukee Leonard WI Edward Speller, Sr., Redwood City CA R. Haney, Virginia Beach VA Charles A McLaren, Jr., Newark DE Donald E. Sommer, Arvada CO Michael Hanratty, Bronx NY Edison Meissner, El Cerrijo CA Lee E. Spencer, Carroll H. Harmon III, Long Beach CA Tomball TX Carl M. Merbitz, South Holland IL John T. Harrington, Carter Wayne Stanley, Alexandria VA Lewiston NC Joseph K. S. Des Plaines Mok, IL John David Stone, Colorado Springs CO Roger Hart, Inverness NS Canada Daniel Montalvo, Bronx NY David L. Stuart, Blue Ridge VA Roe B. Heatherly, Jr., Tempe AZ George A. J. Moore, Millgrove ON Canada Robert Post Stutler, St Petersburg FL Ted E. Hermanson, Castle Rock CO Joseph H. Moore, Ruston LA Christine Sullivan, Saratoga NY William R. Hestand, Kermit TX A. L Moore, Athens GA Edmundo S. Sumabat, FPO San Francisco Tim Hill, Norrilton AR John D. Moran, Roanoke VA Wayne E. Summers, Kirkland WA Robert Ellsworth Hicks, Killeen TX Dennis Lee Morgan, Woodland VA Hezekiah Tagger, University Jo Ting Ho, Richmond BC Canada City MO Thomas Moynihan, Elmont NY Thomas L Talaske, James F. Holly, Ypsilanti MI Rogers City MI Richard Mumaw, Niles MI William Paul Taylor, Dale A. Hopkins, Havelock NC Little Rock AR Raymond A. Murray, Cheektowaga NY Juan Muna Eugene F. Tenorio, APO New York Horak, Victor NY Steven G. Murray, Massena IA Edward C. Thibault, Jr., APO San Francisco Violet Hoskins, Daisytown PA Jeffrey C. Nelson, Columbus MS Herman J. Thibodeaux, Lafayette LA Ernest Howarth, Stoney Creek ON Canada Odell Newbrough, Mill City OR Stephen W. Tims, Yorktown VA Wayne D. Howerton, Lees Summit MO Raymond C. Nicholson, Richmond VA Larry R. Todd, Durham NC Lawrence Elmer Huff, San Bernardino CA Howard I. Ohl, Sarver PA Charles W. Truitt, Jr., Anchorage AK Thomas L Hulse, Matamoras PA Peter J. Olson, Ottawa ON Canada Edmond J. Tyberghein, Jackson Gap AL William P. Humphrey, Salt Lake City UT Reuben Olson, Ada MN Dennis Tyson, Ossineke MI Jeff E. Hutto, Damascus AR Arthur Orlemann, Jr., Toledo OH James R. Frazier E. Umdenstock, Tulsa OK Jackson, Florale AL Fabien Ouellet, Belleville ON Canada Michael Truman Vails, Gordo AL J. Jackson, Minot AFB ND J. Roger Owens, Conyers GA Herbert Bruce John Van Polen, Sahuarita AZ H. Jamerson, Baltimore MD Clarence O. Page, Jr., Long Beach CA Thomas Albert Vasko, FPO San Francisco William T. James, Dayton OH Robert R. Palmer, Sainte Genevieve MO John R. Vice, Laurel MD Carl A. Johanson, Griffith IN Carl J. Papenhausen, FPO New York Rodney L Vlach, Willmar MN Clifford L Johnson, Lewisburg TN Susan C. Peters, Warrior AL Eric John Vollman, Evansville IN Franklin Johnson, Benton AR Joseph J. Philip, Brooklyn NY William K. Herman Wade, Albany GA Johnson, Jr., Virginia Beach VA Terry Phiscator, Grand Rapids MI Thomas Mark E. Waddingham, Midland PA A. Johnston, Jr., Woodside NY James Allen Piepkorn, FPO New York Gregory Paul Jones, Ernest J. Walker, Bossier City LA Cornwall NY Michael Patrick Powell, Milwaukee WI James Murray Walker, Victoria BC Canada Leland H. Jones, Bremen IN Kenneth A. Pruitt, Winston-Salem NC John G. Wallace, Annapolis MD John R. Kaselnak, Eagan MN Frank M. Quinones, Islip NY Wilton L Wallace, Salem OR John Roland Keech, Waldorf MD David Randall, Vancouver BC Canada Charles W. Wardroup, Lafayette LA Corlis J. Keller, Radcliff KY Robert V. Rasko, Geneseo IL Donald E. Watkins, Ashville ME Dennis J. Kenley, Denver CO Daniel A. Raver, Pataskala OH W. Steve Wentzell, Jr., Rome NY Frederick Ketterer, Elberta AL Theron Grant Reid, APO New York William P. Werner, Great Lakes IL Lew A Kimsey, Paducah KY Eric M. Rickard, Darien CT Erwin L. Weston, Oscoda MI Edmund A. Klebe, APO New York David P. Rios, APO San Francisco Carl A Wetherbee, Chesterfield VA Douglas A Kniestadt, Cozad NE Mathew Riviere, Rio Piedras PR Richard Lewis White, Moline IL Walter F. Koeckritz, Palm Springs CA Richard Eugene Roach, Jackson MS Kenneth Whitehurst, Gloucester NC John R. Kohr, Jr., Hummelstown PA Leo R. Roberge, Sr., Lowell MA Terence L Whitington, Gaitherburg MD Clarence D. Kramer, Norfolk VA Byron L. Robinson, Potosi MO Michael Joseph Willeke, Columbus Grove OH L. Barret Kroft, Bethlehem PA Fred G. Robinson, Winnsboro SC Jerry P. Williams, APO New York Robert Kurzawa, Raleigh NC Larry G. Robinson, Boiling Springs PA M. Edward Williams, Lake Geneva WI Kok -Kong Kvwn, Edmonton AB Canada Anthony P. Roclevitch, Mesa AZ Douglass R. Wilson, Glen Dale MD Jerry M. Kwiatkowski, Flat Rock MI Miguel Rodriguez, Burke VA Louis E. Wilson, Pease AFB NH Paul G. Lagerfield, Riverside CA Richard Rom, Long Island City NY Douglas E. Wood, Shubenacadie NS Canada Jimmy Monroe Landers, Pearland Tx Hector L Rosa, Fajardo PR Joseph E. Wood, Union City IN George Ray Large, Aberdeen MD Jay Roundy, L Sandy UT Elmer Hugh Woodward, Adrian MI Richard R. Laughner, Jr., Ridgway PA Castulo Colon Saez, Rio Piedras PR David Lee Wright, Monroe City MO George Wayman Lawson, Liberty TN Sanden Saltzman, Astoria NY Edward O. Wurtz, Gardiner NY Ernest R. Leonard, Haysi VA Lenny Salvner, Midland MI Lilian Yamaji, Melrose Park IL Clyde H. Lewis, Corpus Christi TX Hector I. Sanchez, Waukegan IL Daniel E. Zabriskie. Latham NY

July/August 27

www.americanradiohistory.com Alumni News Harry Taylor

SAN ANTONIO CHAPTER The demonstrations were followed by a general discussion of TV servicing The San Antonio (Alamo) Chapter problems and test equipment. The mem- held its regular monthly meeting on bers expressed the desire for more April 27. The meeting featured a dis- training in solving TV problems, cussion given by Alumni Executive especially in AGC and i -f amplifier Secretary Harry Taylor. circuits. We hope to have a training Harry demonstrated several items of session on i -f alignment in the near training equipment and test equipment future. being offered by NRI, including the prototype of a new resistance/ capacitance checker. The members PITTSBURGH CHAPTER made some recommendations which are now being considered by the NRI de- We had a good meeting for the velopment engineering staff. month of May. We held our annual

28 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com dinner at the Mr. Steak Restaurant in Verona PA. Our guest this year was the DIRECTORY OF ALUMNI CHAPTERS new Executive Secretary, Harry Taylor. DETROIT CHAPTER meets at 8 p.m. on We were pleased to meet Harry for the the second Friday of each month at St. first time. The food, service, and spirit Andrews Hall, 431 E. Congress Street, Detroit. Chairman: James Kelley, 1140 of friendship were excellent, as usual. Livernois, Detroit, Michigan. 841-4972. Harry came to dinner with Jim FLINT (SAGINAW VALLEY) CHAPTER Wheeler, our Director and past Chair- meets 7:30 p.m. the second Wednesday of each month at Andy's Radio and man. They were a little late TV because Shop, G-5507 S. Saginaw Road, Flint. Harry had trouble finding Jim's house. Chairman: Dale Keys. Phone (313) 639- Jim gave Harry instructions to turn at 6688. Shop phone (313) 694-6773. the police station in Verona. Unlike NEW YORK CITY CHAPTER meets at 8:30 p.m. the first Thursday of each most other police stations, the station in month at 1669 45th Street, Brooklyn, Verona has a sign on the front giving the N.Y. Chairman: Sam Antman, 1669 45th Ten Commandments, "Thou shalt not Street, Brooklyn, New York. NORTH JERSEY steal. Thou shalt not kill CHAPTER meets at ..." Harry 8 p.m. on the second Friday of each mistook the police station for a church month at the Players Club, located on with a number of police officers in Washington Square in Kearny, New Jersey. Chairman: Al Mould. Telephone attendance. 991-9299 or 438-5911. The meeting began with the usual PHILADELPHIA -CAMDEN CHAPTER business involving reports from the meets on the fourth Monday of each various committees. month at 8 p.m. at the home of Chairman Afterwards, Harry Boyd A. Bingaman, 426 Crotzer Avenue, gave a talk on the NRI 2 -meter vhf Folcroft, Pa. Telephone 583-7165. transceiver. He passed out circuit dia- PITTSBURGH CHAPTER meets at 8 p.m. grams and explained the principles on the first Thursday of each month in the of basement of the U.P. Church of Verona, operation. We explored the operation of Pa., corner of South Avenue and Second the phase -lock loop, the rf power Street. Chairman: George McElwain, 100 Glenfield Dr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235. amplifier, the receiver circuitry, and the SAN ANTONIO (ALAMO) CHAPTER digital divider circuits. meets at 7 p.m. on the fourth Thursday This was followed by a general dis- of each month at the Alamo Heights Christian Church cussion and a question -and -answer Scout House, 350 Primrose St., 6500 block of N. New session. We discussed many topics, in- Braunfels St. (three blocks north of cluding how to diagnose and service Austin Hwy.), San Antonio. Chairman: Robert automobile alternators. In Bonge, 222 Amador Lane, San the future, it Antonio. All San Antonio area NRI is likely that we will take up a wider students are always welcome. A free range of topics in our meetings. annual chapter membership will be given to all NRI graduates attending within three months of their graduation. SOUTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS FLINT-SAGINAW CHAPTER meets at 8 p.m. on the last Wednesday of each month at the home of VALLEY CHAPTER Chairman Norman Charest, 74 Redfern Dr., Springfield, Mass. 01109. Telephone At their April 5 meeting, the mem- 734-2609. bers worked on an RCA black -and -white SPRINGFIELD (MASS.) CHAPTER meets at 7:30 p.m. on the second Saturday of TV which Andy Jobbagy brought in. We each month at the shop of Norman used a digital meter and a scope brought Charest, 74 Redfern Drive, Springfield, in by other members to troubleshoot Mass. 01109. Telephone (413) 734-2609. the TV. TORONTO CHAPTER meets at McGraw- Voltage measurements and Hill CEC, 330 Progress Ave., Scarborough, scope waveforms were used to locate Ontario. For information contact Stewart the faulty part. J. Kenmuir, (416) 293-1911.

July/August 29

www.americanradiohistory.com After locating the trouble in the TV This increases the shop's efficiency. set, the members turned to a Tappan Most repairs are completed within two microwave oven. Andy brought in the hours. Chairman Norman Charest re- microwave oven so members could ported that Mr. Rufo has several familiarize themselves with the appear- thousand dollars worth of equipment ance, location, and function of the and does high-quality TV service work various parts. in record time. Mr. Rufo is an alumnus At our April 12 meeting, we con- of NRI. tinued work on the microwave oven. All In a previous report, we stated that of the members had a hand in testing we had returned a "tough dog" TV set the various parts - relays, micro - to the Sears service center for repair. switches, a rectifier, filter capacitor, and The set has been back at Sears for seven magnetron oscillator tube. Sérvicing of weeks now, and the problem still has the magnetron and radiation safety will not been resolved. We hope to report be taken up in our next meeting. the end of this story in the next issue. We then switched to color TV ser- After the meeting adjourned, the vicing. The members performed conver- members made some progress in gence adjustments on a color TV set. tackling their Zenith color TV set. The At the meeting of April 19, we set still needs adjustments, which we worked on a RCA CTC35A chassis with will save for next time. an intermittent problem. The picture and sound would go out any time we tapped the chassis. Tapping it again NORTH JERSEY CHAPTER would cause the set to come on. The only remedy was to resolder all ground Our April meeting featured a demon- connections and tube socket connec- stration put on by the National tions. After this, the set played like a Executive Secretary, Harry Taylor. The charm. We recommend that members go meeting was led by our Chairman, Al over the solder joints to correct this Mould. After a brief business meeting, type of a problem in the future. Harry took the floor to show and We also corrected an intermittent explain various units of NRI equipment. problem in a K -Mart color TV. We had a He demonstrated the new resistance/ low-frequency oscillation or "motor - capacitance checker and signal tracer, boating" in the audio section. The soon to be offered by NRI. trouble turned out to be a bad audio There were also discussions of the transistor. vhf transceiver, power supply, and fre- quency counter that are used in the NRI Communications Course. Harry dis- SPRINGFIELD CHAPTER tributed copies of the transceiver circuit diagrams and explained how they work. The April meeting centered around He explained that the vhf transceiver is innovations in TV servicing being done similar in many ways to two-way radios at Rufo's TV Service Shop. Mr. Rufo used by public utilities and public safety has set up an "assembly line" in his units. shop. When a TV set comes in for Harry showed how the hand-held repair, it is put on a movable bench frequency counter can be used to align and goes through about 15 checkpoints the various oscillator, frequency -divider, or stations. Each station is equipped for and frequency -multiplier circuits in the a specific diagnostic procedure or repair. transceiver.

30 NRI Journal

www.americanradiohistory.com NRI Journal July/August

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