'1
NATIONAL RADIO0 ASTRONOMY O BSERVAT 0 R Y
FOURTH QUARTER REPORT
October 1, 1984- December 31, 1984
RADIO ASTRONOMVY 08ER O CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. JAN 2 8 -9, OBSERVING PROGRAM
140-foot Telescope Hours
Scheduled observing 1739.00 Scheduled maintenance and equipment changes 185.25 Scheduled tests and calibration 190.75 Time lost due to: equipment failure 31.50 power 3.25 weather 40.75 interference 0.75
The following continuum programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
S279 D. Stinebring Observations at 10.65 GHz to search A. Wolszczan (NAIC) for steep spectrum, galactic sources near 1 = 23.5°.
U19 J. Uson (Princeton) Continued search at 19.5 GHz for D. Wilkinson (Princeton) small-scale anisotropy of the micro- wave background.
U20 J. Uson (Princeton) Observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich D. Wilkinson (Princeton) effect at 19.5 GHz.
The following line programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
B428 L. Blitz (Maryland) Observations at 327 MHz to search for L. Armus (Maryland) interstellar deuterium and at 310 MHz V. Escalante-Ramirez (CFA) to search for the deuterated OH T. Hartquist (Maryland) molecule OD. S. Lepp (CFA) T. Hewagama (Maryland)
C220 F. Clark (Kentucky) Observations at the 4 mainline fre- S. Miller (Kentucky) quencies of OH emission/absorption A. Bridle in bi-polar flows. H. Martin
13 W. Irvine (Massachusetts) Search at 1.7 cm for interstellar
S. Madden (Massachusetts) ethylamine (NH 2 CCH). H. Matthews (Herzberg) D. Swade (Massachusetts)
M231 I. Mirabel (Puerto Rico) Observations at 6 and 18 cm of high- L. Rodriguez (Mexico) velocity H2 CO and OH in regions of A. Ruiz (Puerto Rico) star formation. No • Observer Program
P128 H. Payne Search at 18 cm for oH in planetary Y. Terzian (Cornell) nebulae.
T158 T. Thuan (Virginia) Observations at 21 cm to measure the E. J. Wadiak (Virginia) neutral hydrogen content of active galaxies.
W186 T. Wilson (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 2 cm of H2 densities R. Rood (Virginia) in giant molecular clouds. E. J. Wadiak (Virginia)
W188 T. Wilson (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 2 cm of H2 CO emission R. Rood (Virginia) from giant molecular clouds. E. J. Wadiak (Virginia) W. Batrla
The following Very Long Baseline programs were conducted, and the stations used in the observations are coded as follows:
A - Arecibo 1000-ft Lm Medicina 32-mrn B - Effelsberg MPIR 100-m N NRL Maryland Point 85-ft C - Algonquin 150-ft 0 Owens Valley 130-ft F -Fort Davis 85-ft R Crimea USSR 30-m G - Green Bank 140-ft Sk Kirunda Sweden 60-ft H - Hat Creek 85-ft Sn Onsala 20-mn I - Iowa 60-ft So Onsala 25-m Jb - Jodrell Bank Mk II T Torun 15-m Jm - Jodrell Bank 120-ft Wn Westerbork n=1-14x26 m Km - Haystack 120-ft Yn Socorro n=1-27x25 m Lb - Bologna 25-mn
AV6 W. Alef (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 6 cm of the milli- E. Preuss (MPIR, Bonn) arcsecond core of 3C 147, with K. Kellermann telescopes B, F, G, Kmn, Lb, 0, and Yn.
B55V P. Barthel (Leiden) Survey at 6 cm for compact cores in G. Miley (Leiden) extended quasars, with telescopes B, E. Preuss (MPIR, Bonn) G, Kin, Lm, O, and So. R. Schilizzi (NFRA)
B382V L. Baath (Manchester) Monitoring of the 932-MHz redshifted F. Briggs (Pittsburgh) HI absorption line in AO 0235+164, M. Davis (NAIC) with telescopes A, G, Jmn, 0, and Sk. K. Johnston (NRL) D. Jones (Caltech) B. Ronnang (Chalmers) S. Unwin (Caltech) A. Wolfe (Princeton) J. Romney No. Observer Program
B385V L. Baath (Manchester) Monitoring of low-frequency variables F. Briggs (Pittsburgh) at 932 MHz, with telescopes A, G, Jm, M. Davis (NAIC) 0, and Sk. K. Johnston (NRL) D. Jones (Caltech) B. Ronnang (Chalmers) S. Unwin (Caltech) A. Wolfe (Pittsburgh) J. Romney
C33V M. Claussen (Caltech) Observations at 1.3 cm of the small- M. Heiligman (Caltech) scale structure of the water-vapor K. Lo (Caltech) masers in the nucleus of NGC 4258, M. Schneps (CFA) with telescopes B, G, Kmn, 0, and Yn. M. Reid (CFA)
C34V M. Cohen (Caltech) Observations at 1.3 and 2.8 cm of the J. Biretta (Caltech) compact structures in 3C 273, 3C 279, R. Moore (Caltech) and 3C 345, with telescopes B, F, G, A. Readhead (Caltech) H, Kmn, Lm, N, Sn, and Yn. S. Unwin (Caltech)
C35V W. Cotton Observations at 18 cm for inverse F. Owen Compton emission, with telescopes B, G, Jm, 0, and Yn.
D8V P. Diamond (Chalmers) Observations at 18 cm of the OH maser R. Booth (Chalmers) OH 104.9+2.4, with telescopes B, G, D. Graham (MPIR, Bonn) Jm, O, So, and Wn. R. Norris (Manchester) T. Perry (Manchester)
E8V A. Eckart (MPIR, Bonn) Investigation at 18 cm of the milli- K. Johnston (NRL) arcsecond structure of the BL Lac A. Witzel (MPIR, Bonn) object 0716+71, with telescopes B, G, Jm, Km, 0, R, So, T, Wn, and Yn.
EIOV A. Eckart (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 18 cm of OSO 1928+73, p. Biermann (MPIR, Bonn) with telescopes B, G, Jb, Kin, Lm, 0, K. Fricke (MPIR, bonn) So, and Wn. K. Johnston (NRL) C. Schalinski (MPIR, Bonn) A. Witzel (MPIR, Bonn)
HI5V D. Hough (Caltech) Observations at 2.8 cm of the central A. Readhead (Caltech) component of the extended quasar 3C 245, with telescopes B, F, G, H, and 0. No. Observer Program
H2OIV M. Hodges (Caltech) Observations at 932 MHz of compact doubles, with telescopes G, Jb, and 0.
J33V D. Jones (Caltech) Second-epoch observations at 1.3 cm of AO 0235+164, with telescopes B, G,Kin, 0, and Yn.
J34V D. Jones (Caltech) Quick-look observations at 6 cm of R. Sramek NGC 3690, with telescopes G, Kin, 0, and Yn.
L30V J. Lestrade (JPL) Observations at 6 cm of RS CVn R. Mutel (Iowa) binaries, with telescopes B, G, KI, A. Niell (JPL) 0, and Yn. R. Preston
L31V C. Lawrence (Caltech) Survey at 1.3 cm of selected, strong B. Burke (MIT) sources, with telescopes B, C, WKm, 0, R. Booth (Chalmers) Sn, and Yn. R. Linfield (NFRA) D. Payne (JPL) R. Preston (JPL) R. Porcas (MPIR, Bonn) A. Readhead (Caltech) R. Schilizzi (NFRA)
M56V R. Mutel (Iowa) Observations at 2.8 cm to monitor M. Hodges (Caltech) the outbursts of BL Lac, with telescopes B, F, G, H, Kin, and 0.
M57V F. Mantovani (Bologna) Observations at 18 cm of 3C 99, with I. Browne (Manchester) telescopes B, G, Jm, 0, So, and Wn. A. Ficarra (Bologna) T. Muxlow (Manchester) L. Padrielli (Bologna)
J. Romney
M58V R. Mutel (Iowa) Observations at 2.8 and 18 cm of T. Muxlow (Jodrell Bank) quasar compact doubles, with tele- R. Phillips (Haystack) scopes B, F, G, H, I, Km, 0, and Yn.
M59V J. Moran (CFA) Observations at 6 cm for high- L. Rodriguez (Mexico) brightness temperature, nonthermal emission from early-type stars, with telescopes F, G, O, and Yn. No. Observer Program
M61V A. Marscher (Boston) Observations at 1.3 and 2.8 cm of the "naked" core of NRAO 140, with tele- scopes B, F, G, H, Kin, N, O, Sn, and Yn.
P58V T. Pearson (Caltech) Second-epoch observations at 6 cm of A. Readhead (Caltech) a complete sample of 20 sources, with telescopes B, G, I, Kin, 0, and Yn.
P60V I. Pauliny-Toth (MPIR, Bonn) Continued monitoring at 2.8 cm of R. Porcas (MPIR, Bonn) 3C 454.3, with telescopes B, F, G, H, W. Sheng-Yin (MPIR, Bonn) Kmin,and 0. A. Zensus (MPIR, Bonn) K. Kellermann
P61V R. Porcas (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 2.8 cm of the super- luminal quasar 3C 179, with telescopes B, G, Kin, and 0.
P62V G. Pilbratt (Onsala) Observations at 6 cm of structural R. Booth (Onsala) variations in 3C 279, with telescopes G. Nicolson (Hartebeesthoek) B, G, Jb, Kin, Lm, 0, So, T, Wn, and R. Porcas (MPIR, Bonn) Yn.
R30V J. Romney Studies at 2.8 cm of the structural W. Alef (MPIR, Bonn) evolution of 3C 84, with telescopes N. Broten (Herzberg) B, F, G, H, Kin, Lm, and 0. I. Pauliny-Toth (MPIR, Bonn) K. Ke l lermann
R32V D. Roberts (Brandeis) Polarization-sensitive observations L. Brown (Brandeis) and polarization synthesis observa- B. Burke (MIT) tions of 3C 345 at 2.8 cm, with D. Gabuzda (Brandeis) telescopes B, F, G, Kin, and 0. R. Potash (Interferometrics) A. Rogers (Haystack) J. Wardle (Brandeis)
R33V D. Roberts (Brandeis) Observations at 6 cm to survey and L. Brown (Brandeis) monitor selected sources for linear B. Burke (MIT) polarization, with telescopes B, F, D. Gabuzda (Brandeis) G, Kin, 0, and Yn. R. Potash (Interferometrics) A. Rogers (Haystack) J. Wardle (Brandeis) No. Observer Program
S40V R. Schilizzi (NFRA) Observations at 6 and 18 cm of R. Hunstead (Sydney) 0215+015, with telescopes B, G, Jb, K. Johnston (NRL) Lm, N, 0, So, Wn, and Yn. R. Laing (RGO) H. Murdoch (Sydney)
S41V S. Spangler (Iowa) Observations at 6 and 18 cm to search J. Cordes (Cornell) for cosmic ray induced turbulence D. Morris (Iowa) near supernova remnants, with R. Mutel (Iowa) telescopes B, G, I, Km, 0, and Yn. J. Benson
T4V R. Taylor (Toronto) Observations at 6 cm of rapidly E. Seaquist (Toronto) variable radio sources, with telescopes G, F, Kin, O, and Yn.
U14V S. Unwin (Caltech) Observations at 1.3 cm of 3C 120, J. Halpern (Caltech) with telescopes B, G, Km, 0, and Yn, K. Pounds (Leicester) simultaneous with X-ray observations. J. Benson R. C. Walker
W23V R. C. Walker Continued monitoring at 6 cm of S. Unwin (Caltech) 3C 120, with telescopes B, F, G, H, J. Benson I, Kin, 0, So, and Yn. G. Seielstad
W32V G. de Waard (Leiden) Observations at 6 cm of jet inter- Miley (Leiden) actions with the broad-line region in G. Schilizzi (NFRA) active nuclei of Fe II quasars, with telescopes B, G, Jh, Lm, 0, So, and Yn.
W35V J. Wrobel (Caltech) Studies of kinematics, strengths, and J. Biretta (Caltech) linear polarization of the components M. Cohen (Caltech) of 3C 345 at 2.8 cm, with telescopes D. Roberts (Brandeis) B, C, F, G, H, Kin, Lm, and 0. S. Unwin (Caltech)
W36V A. Witzel (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 18 cm of 0153+74, A. Eckart (MPIR, Bonn) with telescopes B, F, G, Jm, 0, R, K. Johnston (NRL) So, T, and Wn. C. Schalinski (MPIR, Bonn)
X25V A. Haschick (Haystack) Observations at 1.3 cm of NGC 3079,
J. Moran (CFA) with telescopes G, Km, 0, and Yn. M. Reid (CFA) M. Schneps (CFA)
6 No. Observer Program
X26V T. Simon (Hawaii) Observations at 6 cm of T Tauri, with telescopes C, 0, and Yn.
X27V R. Simon (NRL) Observations at 1.3 cm of 3C 446, with telescopes G, Kin, N, and O.
X28V P. Diamond (Chalmers) Observations at 18 cm of OH masers, with telescopes C, 0, Yn, and tele- scopes of the European VLB network.
X29V M. Sanroma (Barcelona) Observations at 1661 M1z of 1858+171, with G and telescopes of the European VLR network.
X30V P. Biermann (MPIR, Bonn) Observations at 18 cm of the A. Eckart (MPIR, Bonn) OSO q1928+73, with telescopes G, Jm, K. Fricke (MPIR, Bonn) Kin, 0, So, and W. K. Johnston (NRL) C. Schalinski (MPIR, Bonn) A. Witzel (MPIR, Bonn)
Z8V A. Zensus (MPIR, Bonn) Mapping at 2.8 cm of the central. com- D. Hough (Caltech) ponent of the extended quasar 3C 263, R. Porcas (MPIR, Bonn with telescones B, , Kin, and 0.
300-foot Telescope Hours
Scheduled observing 1923.75 Scheduled maintenance and equipment changes 151.75 Scheduled tests and calibration 0.00 Time lost due to: equipment failure 28.00 power 0.00 weather 9.00 interference 2.50
The following continuum programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
A5 9 H. Aller (Michigan) Observations at 1400 and 2695 MHz of M. Aller (Michigan) low-frequency variable sources R. Fanti (Bologna) selected from the Bologna-Michigan A. Ficarra (Bologna) program. F. Mantovani (Bologna) L. Padrielli (Bologna) No . Observer Program
B415 J. Broderick (VPI & SU) Monitor of low-frequency variable D. Altschuler (Puerto Rico) sources at 611, 800, and 1400 14Hz. B. Dennison (VPI & SU) K. Mitchell (VPI & SU) S. O'Dell (VPI & SU) J. Condon H. Payne
E43 r. Erickson (Maryland) Observations over the range 100- S. Ananthakrishnan (Tata) 300 MHz to study the polarization and W. Dent (Massachusetts) flux of low-frequency variable W. Kinzel (Massachusetts) sources.
032 C. O'Dea Polarization and flux-density T. Balonek (Williams College) measurements of variable sources at W. Dent (Massachusetts) 2695 MHz. W. Kinzel (Massachusetts)
The following line programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
A75 K. Anantharamaiah (Raman) Observations of low-frequency re- W. Erickson (Maryland) combination lines over the range 25-300 MHz.
G271 R. Giovanelli (NAIC) Observations at 21 cm of HI in M. Haynes (Cornell) neutral hydrogen galaxies found in clusters and sunerclusters.
H198 D. Heeschen Observations at 9 cm to study the 14. Kaftan-Kassim (unaffiliated) variability of extragalactic radio H. Lehto (Virginia) source.
P131 H. Payne Observations over the range 30-300 MHz of the extragalactic source 3C 123 for low-frequency recombination lines.
R214 0. Richter (STSI) Observations of the HI spectra of W. Huchtmeier (MPIR, Bonn) galaxies lying between the Virgo J. Materne (T.U., Berlin) and Hydra/Centaurus superclusters.
W194 H. A. Wootten Observations of neutral hydrogen to J. Armstrong investigate the gas content of dusty galaxies. The following pulsar programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
T178 J. Taylor (Princeton) Continuation of the northern hemi- R. Dewey (Cornell) sphere pulsar survey at 390 Mlz. .• Stokes (Princeton) J. Weisberg (Princeton)
H193 J. Hollis (NASA-Goddard) Observations at 390 and 880 MHTz to M. Damashek (STSI) search for short-term emission in C. Jarrett (Florida State) the 'R Aquarii binary system. M. Kafatos (George Mason) A. Michalitsianos (NASA-Goddard)
12-meter Telescope Hours
Scheduled observing 1655.00 Time not scheduled 4R.50 Scheduled maintenance & equipment changes 130.25 Scheduled tests and calibration 374.25 Time lost due to: equipment 113.00 weather 286.00 power 0.00 interference 0.00
The following line programs were conducted during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
C211 E. Churchwell (Wisconsin) Relative abundance of CO and CN in R. Crutcher (Illinois) dark clouds.
D133 W. Dent (Massachusetts) Evolution of extraglactic radio T. Balonek (Williams College) sources at millimeter wavelengths. R. Hobbs (CTA, Inc.)
H191 C. Lada (Arizona) Maps of molecular outflows around P. Hartigan (Arizona) RCRA and CR.L 2591.
11196 R. Hobbs (CTA, Inc.) Observations of asteroids at 3-mm W. Webster (NASA-GSFC) wavelengths.
H202 P. Huggins (New York) Studies of CO (2-1) circumstellar A. Healy (New York) envelopes.
J109 P. Jewell Methyl-group chemistry in the CSM and L. Snyder (Illinois) ISM: A study of CH 2 NH. M. Schenewerk (Illinois) No. Observer Program
L1R6 C. Leung (Rensselaer) Study of radiative transfer effects M. Kutner (Rensselaer) in CO isotopes. N. Evans II (Texas)
L190 R. Loren (Texas) Propagation of star formation through B. Wilking (Texas) Rho Oph. H. A. Wootten
L191 H. Liszt Search for extragalactic 02.
M228 R. Padman (Berkeley) Investigation of fragmentary H. Martin structure in molecular clouds.
M232 W. McCutcheon (British Columbia) CO observations of S211/212. R. Nordal (British Columbia)
P129 J. Payne 90 and 230-GHz observations of Cas A C. Salter and Tau A. E. Stobie S. Shaklin (Arizona)
P130 J. Payne Observations of crab-like supernova P. Rhodes remnants at 90 GHz. C. Salter S. Reynolds
R211 L. Rudnick (Minnesota) Broader perspectives on nuclei of T. Jones (Minnesota) extended extragalactic sources. J. Pedelty (Minnesota)
R217 L. Blitz (Maryland) Study of CO emission in galaxies. L. Rickard (NRL)
S270 M. Schenewerk (Illinois) Search for interstellar hypochlorous L. Snyder (Illinois) acid. J. Hollis (NASA-GSFC)
S273 A. Sandqvist (Stockholm) Search for 1-mm and 3-mm CO lines in T. Elfhag (Stockholm) NGC 1365. S. Jorsater (Stockholm) P. Lindblad (Stockholm)
T171 L. Ziurys (Berkeley) Search for NH 2 at 1.2 mm. B. Turner
T173 B. Turner Search for vibrationally excited L. Ziurys (Berkeley) diacetylene.
T185 H. Thronson, Jr. (Wyoming) Advanced stellar evolution and milli- meter-wave emission.
10 No. Observer Program
T189 H. Thronson, Jr. (Wyoming) The study of 3 3 S/ 3 2 S ratio in the galaxy.
W189 W. Welch (Berkeley) High-resolution mapping of large S. Vogel (Berkeley) fields. M. Wright (Berkeley) 1)D.Backer (Berkeley) R. Plambeck (Berkeley) T. Kuiper (JPL) E. Kuiper (JPL) H. Dickel (Illinois) J. Bieging (Berkeley) R. Padman (Berkeley)
Z43 B. Zuckerman (UCLA) CO and HNC in evolved stars and a search for CCL.
Z44 L. Ziurys (Berkeley) Study of vibrationally excited HCN B. Turner and HNC. R. Saykally (Berkeley)
Very Large Array
The quarter was scheduled 97.2 percent of the time.
Astronomical 1627.0 hours (73.7 percent) Scheduled maintenance 220.2 hours (10.0 percent) Scheduled test/calibration 298.3 hours (13.5 percent)
The average downtime was 6.9 percent.
The following research programs were conducted with the VLA during this quarter.
No. Observer Program
AA-30 H. Aller (Michigan) Mapping and polarimetry of 3C 58. S. Reynolds 20 cm.
AA-36 R. Antonucci IRAS extreme infrared galaxies. E. Olszewski (DAO, Canada) 6 cm.
AA-38 D. Axon (NRAL, UK) The double radio source in the S. Unger (NRAL, UK) Seyfert galaxy NGC 5252. 1.3, 2, A. Pedlar (NRAL, UK) 6 and 20 cm.
AA-39 R. Antonucci Radio structure of 01 287. 2 and J. Ulves tad (JPL) 6 cm.
11 No. Observer Program
AB-129 B. Burke (MIT) Monitoring time variations in J. Hewitt (MIT) 0957+561. 6 cm.
D. Roberts (Brandeis)
AB-167 R. C. Bignell Monitoring SNR in the galaxy E. Seaquist (Toronto) NGC 4449. 6 and 20 cm.
AB-182 J. Burns (New Mexico) Monitoring the cores of extended T. Balonek (Williams College) radio sources and spiral galaxies. E. Hummel (MPIR, Bonn) 2, 6, and 20 cm.
AB-276 C. Bennett (MIT) Variability monitoring of the new C. Lawrence (Caltech) gravitational lens 2016+112. 2 J. Hewitt (MIT) and 6 cm. B. Burke (MIT) E. Turner (Princeton)
AB-289 M. Birkinshaw (Cambridge) Structures of radio sources as- R. Davies (KPNO) sociated with bright elliptical galaxies with known stellar dynamics. 6 cm.
AB-298 F. Briggs (Pittsburgh) HI observations of interacting dwarf galaxies UGC 1171/1176. 21-cm line.
AB-299 F. Briggs (Pittsburgh) Extended HI distribution around NGC 62A. 21-cm line.
AB-300 F. Briggs (Pittsburgh) Extended HI near NGC 2146. 21-cm line.
AB-303 R. Becker (California, Davis) Supernova remnants far inside the D. Helfand (Columbia) solar circle. 20 cm.
AB-305 D. Branch (Oklahoma) Search for 20-cm emission from the J. Cowan (Oklahoma) Type I supernova 1972e in NGC 5253. 20 cm.
AB-307 C. Benn (Cambridge) 5C 12 sources. 6 and 20 cm. J. Wall (RGO, UK) G. Grueff (Bologna) M. Vigotti (Bologna)
AB-309 G. Bothun (Caltech) HI in extremely low-surface bright- E. Skillman (Washington) ness and gas-rich dwarf galaxies. 21-cm line.
AB-310 I. Browne (Caltech/NRAL,UK) Extended structure around core- D. Murphy (NRAL, UK) dominated quasars. 20 cm. R. Perley 12 No. Observer Program
AB-311 J. Burns (New Mexico) A quantitative investigation of J. Eilek (NMIMT) turbulence in the radio galaxy W. Christiansen (North Carolina) 0816+526. 2 and 6 cm.
AC-101 J. Condon Survey of bright spiral galaxies. 20 cm.
AC-104 T. Cornwell The db system NGC 4782/4783. 6 and W. van Breugel (Berkeley) 20 cm. R. Ekers L. Smart (Illinois)
AC-105 R. Cameron (Mt. Stromlo) Jet radio sources in southern C. Bicknell (Mt. Stromlo) clusters. R. Ekers
AC-106 R. Crutcher (Illinois) Mapping of magnetic fields in C. Heiles (Berkeley) molecular clouds. 18-cm line. M. Stevens (Berkeley) W. M. Goss (Groningen) T. Troland (Kentucky) I. Kazes (Obs. de Paris)
AC-110O B. Campbell (Arizona) Continuum sources in regions of high-velocity molecular gas. 1.3, 2, and 6 cm.
AC-111 J. Cordes (Cornell) Search for flickering in extra- )D.Heeschen galactic sources. 20 cm. J. Simonetti (Cornell)
AC-112 D. Branch (Oklahoma) Search for 20-cm emission from the J. Cowan (Oklahoma) extraordinary supernova 1961V in NGC 1058. 20 cm.
AC-113 B. Cooke (Leicester, UK) Search for radio emission from the M. Turner (Leicester, UK) galactic X-ray source GX 349+2. I. McHardy (Leicester, UK) 20 cm. T. Ponman (Birmingham, UK)
AC-114 B. Clark High-resolution source structure R. Perley survey. 2 and 6 cm.
AC-115 S. Catalano (Catania, Italy) Flux and luminosity limited surveys D. Gibson (NMIMT) of Algol binaries. 6 cm. M. Rodono (Catania, Italy)
AC-116 E. Churchwell (Wisconsin) Stellar nonthermal emitters. 2, 6, 1)D. Abbott (Colorado) and 20 cm. J. Bieging (Berkeley)
13 No. Observer Program
AD-94 I. de Pater (Berkeley) Monitoring polarization character- K. Weiler (NSF) istics in variable radio sources. 2, R. Fanti (Bologna) 6 and 20 cm. C. Fanti (Bologna)
AD-119 N. Duric (Toronto) Edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3079. 6 E. Seaquist (Toronto) and 20 cm. P. Crane R. C. Bignell L. Davis (KPNO)
AD-141 S. Drake (Colorado) Chromospheric radio emission and J. Linsky (Colorado) temperatures in nearby cool giant stars. 2 and 6 cm.
AD-145 N. Duric (Toronto) Scaled array observations of the E. Seaquist (Toronto) spiral galaxy NGC 4736. 20 cm. P. Crane L Davis (KPNO)
AD-151 S Drake (Colorado) Radio survey of long-period RS CVn D. Gibson (NMIMT) binaries. 6 cm. J. Linsky (Colorado)
AE-38 A. Eckart (MPIR, Bonn) Quasar 1928+73. 1.3, 2, 6, and 20 cm. A. Witzel (MPIR, Bonn) K. Johnston (NRL) R. Simon (NRL)
AE-39 N. Evans (Texas) Pre-main-sequence stars driving R. Levreault (Texas) molecular outflows. 6 cm. S. Beckwith (Cornell) M. Skrutskie (Cornell)
AF-90 M. Fich (Washington) Galactic plane continuum sources. 2 cm.
AF-91 C. Fanti (Bologna) A selection of radio galaxies from the R. Fanti (Bologna) B2 catalog. 6 and 20 cm. P. Parma (Bologna) H. de Ruiter (Bologna)
AF-93 J. Fix (Iowa) Time variations in maps of hydroxyl R. Mutel (Iowa) masers. 18-cm line.
AF-94 J. Fix (Iowa) Sizes and temperatures of asteroids. J. Neff (Iowa) 2 cm.
AF-96 D. Florkowski (USNO) A ring around RY Scuti. 6 and 20 cm.
14 No. Observer Program
AF-97 E. Fomalont Sco X-1. 6 and 20 cm. B. Geldzahler (NRL)
AF-98 E. Fomalont Pulsar positions and proper motions. W. M. Goss (Gronigen) 20-cm line. A. Lyne (NRAL, UK) R. Manchester (CSIRO)
AF-100 G. Fuller (Berkeley) Ionized helium in galactic HII C. Heiles (Berkeley) regions. 6-cm line.
AG-116 D. Gibson (NMIMT) Search for a 300-day periodicity in W. Priedhorsky (LANL) Cyg X-1. 2, 6, and 20 cm.
AG-145 B. Geldzahler (NRL) Simultaneous multifrequency observa- P. Schwartz (NRL) tions of blazars. 1.3, 2, 6, 20, and 90 cm.
AG-157 D. Gibson (NMIMT) Radio, TUV, and X-ray observations of T. Ayres (Colorado) the limb crossing of an active region on Sigma Geminorum. 2, 6, and 20 cm.
AG-160 D. Gary (Caltech) Coordinated microwave, X-ray, optical J. Linsky (Colorado) and ultraviolet observations of the B. Haisch (Lockheed) eclipsing binary YY Gem. 2, 6, and 20 cm.
AG-163 W. M. Goss (Groningen) Search for very young SNR in our R. Ekers galaxy. 20 cm. R. Sramek D. Branch (Oklahoma) J. Cowan (Oklahoma)
AG-164 A. Gower (Victoria, Canada) Low redshift quasars. 1.3 and 2 cm. J. Hutching (DAO, Canada)
AG-165 D. Green (Cambridge) HI absorption toward a probable young A. Downes (Cambridge) galactic SNR. 20-cm line.
AG-166 P. Gregory (British Columbia) Observational test of a jet model for SNR G109.1-1.0. 6 and 20 cm.
AG-167 P. Gregory (British Columbia) "Short-term" variable sources. 6 and A. Taylor (Toronto) 20 cm.
AG-168 J. Garcia-Barreto (Mexico) Search for continuum radiation from P. Pismis (Mexico) the nuclei and bars of SB galaxies. 6 and 20 cm.
15 No 0 Observer Program
AC-169 G. Garay (ESO) Radio recombination lines from L. Rodriguez (Mexico) planetary nebulae. 2 and 6-cm lines.
AH-143 E. Hummel (MPIR, Bonn) Monitoring central radio sources to J. van der Hulst (NFRA) search for supernovae. 6 cm. R. Sramek
AH-163 W. Hermson (MPIR, Bonn) Hot ammonia sources in Orion, the T. Wilson (MPIR, Bonn) (8,7) transition. 1.3-cm line. C. Walmsley (MPIR, Bonn) C. Henkel (MPIR, Bonn) K. Johnston (NRL)
AH-167 J. Hewitt (MIT) Search for gravitaitonal lenses. C. Bennett (MIT) 6 cm. B. Burke (MIT) C. Lawrence (Caltech) E. Turner (Princeton)
AH-168 C. Heiles (Berkeley) Comparison of HI spin temperatures and S. Kulkarni (Berkeley) H2 rotational temperatures. 21-cm line.
AH-170 P. Hintzen (NASA-GSFC) Distorted radio QSOs. 6 and 20 cm. F. Owen
AH-172 R. Hjellming SS433. 2 and 6 cm. K. Johnston (NRL)
AH-173 D. Hogg Emission-line galaxy He 2-10. 2, 6 and 20 cm.
AH-176 V. Hughes (Queen's, Canada) Globular cluster object M3A. 2 cm. B. McLean (STSI)
AH-179 R. Hjellming Nova Vulpeculae 1984. 2 and 6 cm. G. Hennessy (NMIMT)
AJ-104 K. Johnston (NRL) Precise optical/radio positions of D. Florkowski (USNO) the stars Algol, HR1099, and UIJXAri. C. Wade 6 cm. G. Gatewood (Pittsburgh) G. de Vegt (Hamburg Obs.) M. Shao (NRL)
AJ-115 J. Jackson (MIT) Continuum survey of starburst galaxies A. Barrett (MIT) detected in CO. 6 cm. P. Ho (Harvard)
16 No . Observer Program
AJ-116 J. Jackson (MIT) Ammonia near Sgr A West. 1.3-cm line. A. Barrett (MIT) P. Ho (CFA) S. Dynes (MIT)
AJ-117 K. Johnston (NRL) The spatial distribution of 2-cm C. Wade emission from 1 Ceres. 2 em. P. Seidelmann (USNO) G. Kaplan (USNO) W. Webster (NASA/GSFC) R. Hobbs (CTA, Inc.)
AK-103 S. Kulkarni (Berkeley) Absorption distances to low-latitude C. Heiles (Berkeley) variable sources. 21-cm line. J. van Gorkom
AK-113 S. Kwok (Calgary) Radio survey of compact planetary nebulae. 2 and 6 cm.
AK-118 M. Kutner (RPI) H9CO emission as a probe of high- N. Evans (Texas) density clumping in molecular clouds. 6-cm line.
AL-78 K. Lang (Tufts) Joint VLA-IUE observations of flare R. Willson (Tufts) stars. 20 cm.
AL-88 L. Little (Kent, UJK) Ammonia maps of massive molecular S. Davies (Kent, UK) cloud cores. 1.3-cm line. W. Dent (Kent, UK) N. Matthews (Kent, UK) G. White (Queen Mary College)
AL-89 S. Lakshmi (IISc/TIFR, India) Three extended radio sources in chains Gopal-Krishna (TIFR, India) of galaxies. 6 and 20 cm. A. Singal (TIFR, India) K. Joshi (TIFR, India)
AL-90 C. Lawrence (Caltech) Observations of gravitational lens J. Hewitt (MIT) 2016+112. 6, 18, and 20 cm. C. Bennett (MIT) B. Burke (MIT) E. Turner (Princeton)
AL-91 C. Lake (Bell Labs) Rotation curves of dwarf galaxies ex- R. Schommer (Rutgers) ploring the phase-density of dark J. van Gorkom matter. 21-cm line.
AM-124 I. McHardy (Leicester, UK) Monitoring OVVs. 2, 6 and 20 cm. R. Warwick (Leicester, UK) A. Smith (ESTEC, Netherlands)
17 No " Observer Program
AM-130 J. Machalski (Jagiellonian) Possible primordial clusters. 20 cm. J. Condon
AM-132 U. Mebold (Bonn) High-velocity cloud interacting with P. Kalberla (Bonn) galactic gas. 21-cm line.
AM-133 T. Menon (British Columbia) Radio sources in compact groups of galaxies. 6 cm.
AM-134 S. Mufson (Indiana) Large and small-scale radio structure M. McCullough (Indiana) in SNR IC 443. 20 cm. J. Dickel (Illinois)
AM-135 R. Mutel (Iowa) Radio activity in RS CVn binaries: J. Lestrade (Bureau of correlation with period. 2, 6, and Longitude, Paris) 20 cm.
AM-136 R. Mutel (Iowa) Radio activity in RS CVn binaries II. J. Lestrade (Bureau of Investigation of short-period systems. Longitude, Paris) 6 cm.
AN-29 R. Norris (CSIRO) Active galactic nucleus IC 4553. 1.3, J. Forster (CSIRO) 2 and 6 cm. W. Baan (Arecibo)
AO-47 C. O'Dea Constraints on the properties of bent F. Owen beams. 20 cm.
AO-53 C. O'Dea Gigahertz peaked spectrum sources. A. Patnaik (TIFR, India) 1.3, 6 and 20 cm. Gopal-Krishna (TIFR, India)
AO-56 R. Olowin (Oklahoma) Search for radio variability in white T. Herczeg (Oklahoma) dwarf pulsar AE Aqr. 6 cm.
AP-89 L. Padrielli (Bologna) Twenty-five compact quasars selected A. Rogora (Bologna) from the B2 catalogue. 6 and 20 cm. T.i de Ruiter (Bologna)
AP-90 P. Parma (Bologna) The unusual morphology of NGC 326. R. Fanti (Bologna) 18 and 20 cm. C. Lari (Bologna) E. Fomalont R. Ekers
AR-102 L. Rudnick (Minnesota) Nuclei of extended extragalactic T. Jones (Minnesota) sources. 2, 6, and 20 cm. J. Pedelty (Minnesota)
AR-113 G. Robertson (AAO, Australia) Abell 84. 6, and 20 cm. D. Harris (CFA) 18 No. Observer Program
AR-114 L. Rodriguez (Mexico) Search for faint, extended continuum J. Canto (Mexico) emission in regions of molecular out- S. Curiel (Mexico) flows without associated point sources. 6 cm.
AR-115 L. Rudnick (Minnesota) Equal linear resolution study of J. Pedelty (Minnesota) extragalactic radio source luminosity effects. 2 and 6 cm.
AS-79 S. Spangler (Iowa) Monitoring low-frequency variables. W. Cotton 1.3, 2, 6, and 20 cm. S. Allendorf (Iowa)
AS-80 R. Sramek Monitoring supernovae SN1980 in J. van der Hulst (NFRA, Neth.) NGC 6946 and SN 1979c in M100. 6 and K. Weiler (NSF) 20 cm.
AS-156 M. Stevens (Berkeley) OH mapping of Orion B. 18-cm line. C. Heiles (Berkeley)
AS-183 G. Swarup (TIFR, India) OSOs with absorption lines. 6 cm.
AS-200 S Simkin (Michigan State) HI observations of Seyferts of dif- H. Su (Purple Mt. Obs.) ferent morphological type. 21-cm J. van Gorkom line.
AS-203 S. Schneider (Cornell) HI study of the intergalactic cloud in E. Salpeter (Cornell) Leo. 21-cm line. Y. Terzian (Cornell)
AS-206 R. Snell (Massachusetts) Radio jets associated with L1551 J. Bally (Bell Labs) IRS-5. 20 cm. P. Schwartz (NRL)
AS-209 E. Seaquist (Toronto) Radio emission from symbiotic stars. A. Taylor (Toronto) 6 cm.
AS-210 W. Sullivan (Washington) Sizes and offsets of the HI distri- bution in the central spiral galaxies of the Coma cluster. 21-cm line.
AT-53 A. Taylor (Toronto) The symbiotic star HI-36. 2, 6, and E. Seaquist (Toronto) 20 cm. S. Kenyon (CFA)
AT-54 A. Taylor (Toronto) Absorption distances to galactic plane E. Seaquist (Toronto) variables. 21-cm line.
19 No. Observer Program
AT-55 A. Taylor (Toronto) Radio spectra of symbiotic stars. E. Seaquist (Toronto) 1.3, 2, 6, and 20 cm. S. Kenyon (CFA)
AT-56 L. Tacconi (Massachusetts) Cycling of the ISM in the luminous J. Young (Massachusetts) Scd galaxy NGC 6946. 21-cm line.
AU-20 J. Ulvestad Seyfert 1.9 galaxies. 6 and 20 cm. A. Wilson (Maryland)
AV-96 J. van der Hulst (NFRA) Monitoring radio supernova in R. Sramek NGC 4258. 6 and 20 cm. K. Weiler (NSF)
AW-48 C. Wade Astrometric observations of minor K. Johnston (NRL) tlanets. P. Seidelmann (USNO) G. Kaplan (USNO)
AW-78 J. Wardle (Brandeis) Monitoring variability of the central R. Laing (RGO, UK) components of extended radio sources. 2 and 6 cm.
A-116 T. Wilson (MPIR, Bonn) A newly discovered methanol maser Johnston (NRL) line. 1.3-cm line. P. Jewell (MPIR, Bonn) C. Walmsley (MPIR, Bonn) K. Menten (MPIR, Bonn)
AW-118 J. Wink (MPIR, Bonn) Helium Stromgren spheres. 2-cm line.
AW-120 W. Webster (NASA-GSFC) Microwave spectra of the major R. Hobbs (CTA, Inc.) asteroids. 2 and 20 cm. P. Lowman (NASA-GSFC)
AW-121 R. C. Walker 3C 120. 20 cm. J. Benson
AW-122 A. Wehrle (UCLA) Vertical radio structure in the nuclei M. Morris (UCLA) of normal spiral galaxies. 2 and 6 cm.
AZ-24 X. Zheng (Nanking, China) Clumping and rotation in the molecular P. Ho (CFA) cloud OMC1. 1.3 cm-line. J. Moran (CFA)
VAH-30 A. Haschick (Haystack) NGC 3079. 1.3 cm.
VAH-31 T. Simon (Hawaii) T Tauri. 6 cm.
20 No. Observer Program
VAH-32 R. Simon (NRL) 3C 446. 1.3 cm.
VD-1 B. Dennison (VPI & SU) (EVN84-35). 18 cm. P. Diamond (MPIR, Bonn)
VL-32 C. Lawrence (Caltech) Maps of sources with 1.3 cm structure. A. Readhead (Caltech) 1.3 cm. R. Linfield (NFRA, Netherlands) R. Schilizzi (NFRA, Netherlands)
21 RESEARCH PROGRAMS
Scientific Highlights
Although there have been many ground-breaking discoveries made with the VLA during the quarter, the following NRAO news release highlights one particularly enigmatic observation.
Abell 400 and the 3C 75 Radio Jets
Astronomers today reported the discovery of a spectacular new radio jet in space. Four enormous radio "jets" have been found to be exploding out from a galaxy lying in the center of a dense cluster of galaxies about 300 million light years from Earth. The discovery was reported by scientists from the United States and Japan who used the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory to make their observations.
The strange galaxy possesses two bright centers located about 20,000 light years apart, each of which is the source of twin radio jets which appear twisted and tangled as they splay out into space. The entire object, known as 3C 75, is about one million light years across. The phenomenal power associated with these jets is equivalent to one hundred million times the energy radiated by the sun.
The discovery was reported by Frazer Owen and Christopher O'Dea of the NRAO, Makato Inoue (Nobeyama Radio Observatory), Jean Eilek (New Mexico Tech), and Richard White (Computer Science Corporation).
The four jets, looking much like gigantic smoke clouds billowing into space, are indicative of awesome forces at work. Radio jets, also observed in other active galaxies, are believed to be made of high energy particles and magnetic fields violently ejected from a compact object such as a black hole.
Over the past decade, X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies have revealed the existence of very hot gas between galaxies. The bending of the jets in 3C 75 may result from the sweeping back of the ejected material as the object moves through space, much as a wake streams behind a speed boat.
The astronomers report that the enormous extent of the jets suggests that the energy for powering the radio emission may be coming from the hot gas in the cluster as well as from the center of the galaxy. The discovery of this remarkable object will allow the astronomers to learn more about intergalactic space, which, in turn, will enhance our understanding of the evolution of the universe.
22 Publications
Appendix I contains a tabulation of all preprints received in the NRAO Charlottesville library authored by NRAO staff members or based on observations obtained on NRAO telescopes during 1984.
23 ENCINEERING DIVISION
Design of modifications to the focal point enclosure and structure of the 300-ft telescope continued.
The new deformable subreflector was placed in service on the 140-ft telescope. Design and study continued on the splitter for the new feed systems on the 140-ft, and a contract was awarded for a low-frequency reflector to be used in the new feed system.
Negotiations with the VLBA antenna proposers were completed.
Refinements to the in house VLBA antenna design were made.
Negotiations with the A/E for design of the Pie Town site building and facilities were completed.
All VLBA sites continued to be reviewed for acceptability and availability.
Conceptual design studies for a 72-MHz antenna for use In an array were started.
24 ELECTRONICS DIVISION
Charlottesville
Assembly of a second 8.4 GHz front-end has begun. Shipment of the front-end for Voyager testing at the VLA by April is expected.
A low-noise HEMT device manufactured by General Electric has produced a noise temperature of 8.5 ± 1.5 K at 8.4 GHz. This figure is the lowest noise ever reported for a transistor amplifier at that frequency. Testing of additional developmental devices from General Electric and Cornell at 8 and 23 GHz continues.
The 115-GHz SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) receiver has been completed and will be shipped to the 12-m telescope in January for telescope testing and system integration. Development of Schottky diode mixers for 270 and 350 GHz continues.
Prototyping of circuits for the millimeter-wave, 1536-channel, hybrid spectrometer has begun. An intermediate goal is completion and testing of one-eighth of the system by the fall of 1985.
Green Bank
Spectral processor design continued in system definition, simulation and RAM, ROM, and ALU evaluation for the FFT butterfly boards. Testing continued on the data acquisition and control processor of the MASSCOMP 300-ft control system.
The 2.0 to 3.5-GHz cooled FET amplifier was completed and installed in the 2-5 GHz receiver. It was debugged in the test stand and will be tested on the 140-ft telescope next quarter. Assembly of the 5 GHz, 7-feed receiver continued. Tests of feed and cooled upconverter demonstrated that the 0.3-1 GHz receiver is usable down to 280 MHz. A new feed filled the 450 to 500 MHz portion of the 400 to 500-MHz gap in frequency coverage. Scale models of several low-frequency feeds for the 300-ft were tested.
The deforming control servo for the new 140-ft subreflector was re-optimized. Theoretical investigations began on a subreflector vertex plate to reduce multiple reflections between feeds and subreflector. The 4.7-7.2 GHz polarization splitter design was given to the Engineering Division for detailed mechanical design. Minimum K-band system temperature of 31 K was achieved by removing up-converters and switch from one of the two maser receivers. Design of nutator modifications to provide lateral offset tracking of the best-fit surface continued.
VLBA designing and prototyping continued for the LO synthesizer, L-band front-end and 6-cm FET amplifiers. Stress testing of four cryogenic refrigerators continued.
25 Report EDIR No. 251, "Interferometer 14.2-m Digital Data Link," was issued.
Routine and unscheduled maintenance and RFI suppression at the telescope, lab and site continued.
Tucson
During this quarter work has progressed on the new 70-120 GHz receiver. This receiver is scheduled for telescope tests in February. Initially this receiver will be used with two channels covering the 90-120 GHz band; two additional channels covering 70-90 GHz will be added at a later date.
The dual-channel SIS mixer dewar assembly has been completed in the Central Development Laboratory and will be shipped to Tucson in early 1985. Plans are to test this prototype system on the 12-m telescope as soon as possible.
All machine shop work on the 345-GHz cooled mixer receiver is complete and laboratory tests will begin in the next couple of months.
Work on the dual-channel, 130-170 GHz receiver is at a standstill owing to lack of manpower.
Work on the new optical system incorporating fast beams switcher and various calibration systems is moving along very slowly owing to the lack of manpower.
Very Large Array
Fourteen antennas now have insulation installed to improve their pointing.
Five antennas now have 327-MHz receivers installed, and this system is undergoing test and evaluation. Modification to some modules is being considered to reduce local RFI.
Three antennas now have a simple 75-MHz receiver and a log-periodic antenna outrigged on the side of the 25-m reflector.
The prototype, 8-GHz receiver subsystem is now installed on Antenna 20 and is undergoing single-dish testing. The measured system temperature is 430K.
To improve the reliability of the A/C side of the correlator, half of the power supplies have been replaced with a newer type. The remaining supplies are scheduled to be replaced the first quarter of next year.
The RFI measurement trailer is making RFI measurements at selected VLBI sites in the Tucson area.
26 COMPUTER DIVISION
General
During October 1984 a Lasergrafix 800 printer manufactured by QMS, Inc., of Mobile, Alabama, was installed and connected to a terminal port on the Charlottesville VAX. The laser printing engine of this printer was manufactured by Canon and is very similar to their "personal copiers" (e.g., it uses user-replaceable drum and toner assemblies). The resolution is 300 dots per inch, and the machine prints on plain 8.5x11 inch paper.
Supercomputer Access. The NRAO has applied for Class VI computer time under the NSF Supercomputer Access Program. This is in accordance with our long-term computer plan and was recommended by the Computer Advisory Group. The preferred computer system is the Cray X-MP supercomputer of Vector Productions in Los Angeles. Forty CPU hours have been requested, to be used in early 1985. (Note: About 30 of the billing hours are needed to pay for auxiliary costs, including I/0, mass storage, interactive priority, and image display charges.)
In anticipation of access to the Vector Productions computer, the VLA staff has carried out initial experimentation with the Cray-1 computer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. An existing maximum entropy deconvolution algorithm has been adapted to the Cray-l, but the attempt to process a 4096x4096 pixel image has not yet been successful.
The computer time shall be used to adapt the NRAO's portable synthesis mapping software, AIPS, to the Cray X-MP.
Intersite Digital Communication Systems. Testing was done with the goal to improve the reliability of the intersite Digital communications system. Reliability has been a problem in late 1984. Also, some network expansion is planned. In early 1985, the network will be extended to the California Institute of Technology to aid in coordinating the development of VLBA correlator/fringe processor software. Tentative plans also call for extending the network to Vector Productions, a California-based company which will be involved with the NSF in the Supercomputer Access Program.
AIPS
AIPS Software Development. In the fourth quarter of 1984, the AIPS array processor interface routines were extensively modified to run more efficiently using the software array processor. Include files were added which allow insertion of compiler directives to improve the vectorization of the code. This change was done in anticipation of installing ALPS on a CRAY in early 1985. Preliminary, system level work was done for the calibration and editing software to be implemented in 1985. Work was begun on a suite of validation and benchmark tests of AIPS programs.
27 Very Large Array
The definition of the system data structures for the new on-line computers was completed. Work is now in progress to define the operator interface to the new system.
In order to enhance the capability of data calibration and editing and of observing source list preparation for observers who make use of the dial-in facility, two additional lines have been added to the DEC-10. These are on a rotary hunt group with the normal number and will be switched to automatically if the printer dial-in extension is in use.
In order to increase the reliability of the pipeline, it was taken out of service for the month of November. All existing programs were installed and tested with the new operating system (RSX-11M+). In addition, some outstanding hardware problems with the array processors and the shared disk units were diagnosed and corrected.
A large disk storage unit containing space for 1.3 Gbyte has now been added to the second VAX computer at the VLA site. Mapping problems requiring large amounts of disc storage can now be performed on both VAX computers.
28 THE VERY LONG BASELINE ARRAY PROGRAM
The 4th quarter of 1984 has seen progress in all areas of VLBA development.
In the area of site selection, a major activity has been the evaluation of possible RFIT problems at the various tentatively chosen antenna sites. The Pie Town site has been judged acceptable. Measurements at the Los Alamos site are complete, but the results raise some concern about IFTat L-band. Measurements at Kitt Peak are in progress, as are preliminary checks at Quabbin (Massachusetts). A site near Haystack Observatory has been ruled out because of probable RFI from the Haystack (X-band) and Millstar (IUTNF and V-band) radars.
The firm of Stevens, Mallory, Pearl and Campbell of Albuquerque, New Mexico has been selected as the Architect/Engineer (A/E) subcontractor for design and construction of the Array Operations Center and the VLBA Station buildings. Negotiations are complete and the contract is being prepared.
In the antenna area, negotiations were conducted with TTW Systems, Inc. and Radiation Systems, Inc. at the vendors' plants leading to "best and final" revised proposals and prices from each. Each was asked to submit prices that included the manufacture and installation of surface panels having an RMS deviation of 0.13 mm. Each firm was judged capable of producing acceptable antennas. RSI's proposal was selected, largely on the basis of a price advantage of about one million dollars. Contracts covering manufacturing and installation were signed and approved in late December 1984.
In electronics, a cooled-FET front-end prototype for ~ 8.4 GHz has been developed and installed for test on one of the VLA antennas. It provides system temperatures of about 43 K on both channels, a highly satisfactory result. In a sense, this assembly is a generic prototype for most of the VLBA front-end packages, since most of the frequency-independent design features will be the same from L-band to about 20 GHz.
The L-band front-end development model tests at Green Bank. yielded receiver temperatures averaging 12.5 K over the range 1.35 to 1.75 GHz--within about 2 K of the best Green Bank system. Slow cool-down seems to show the need for more reserve cooling capacity for the L-band assembly, in which the polarizer and other cooled components are relatively large. It has been decided to modify the design to accommodate a Model 350 refrigerator instead of the smaller Model 22 now in use.
For 22.2-24.6 GHz, the plan is to use a TEMT (high electron mobility transistor) amplifier cooled to 15 K. A receiver temperature of 45 K (Tsy s ~70 K under good conditions) is estimated for such a unit, based upon tests of HEMT's obtained under development contracts with Cornell and General Electric. Since HEMT's have not yet been made in production quantities, a fallback position would be to use GASFET's, though this would result in a receiver temperature some 25 K higher.
29 In the range 42.3-43.5 GHz, it is now proposed to develop an SIS (superconductor/insulator/superconductor) junction mixer, for which a receiver temperature of 40 K may be predicted (Tsys ~ 75 K under good conditions), as compared to ~ 150 K for a cooled GASFET amplifier. Various junction materials will be investigated.
Cryogenics Technology, Inc. Model 22 refrigerators (1-watt capacity) have been chosen to cool most of the front-ends for the VLBA receivers because of their small size and weight. Four such units are under test at Green Bank to establish reliability figures for these units. One of these units has accumulated about 3500 hours thus far. Some past failures at NRAO have cast doubt that these units are as reliable as the older CTI 350 (3-watt capacity), but CTI expects to achieve 10,000 hours MTBF by improving tolerances and inspections. CTI maintenance experience with units in their West Coast area seems to show this figure can be achieved.
A flexible local oscillator (LO) arrangement is being developed to serve all the VLBA receiver channels. A major element, a synthesizer that provides 2 to 16 GHz in 0.1 GHz steps, has been breadboarded but not fully tested. Phase stability of the comb generator section has been found adequate against variations in temperature and drive level--a preliminary indication of acceptable performance.
Development of frequency converter modules is in progress in the NRAO Central Electronics Lab.
In the data-recording system area, work has ceased on developing a system based upon multiple video cassette recorders. With the longitudinal system, a recording density of over 10 megabits per square inch has been demonstrated in actual VLBI operations, using a 40-micron track width on tape 25 microns thick. Initial laboratory record/playback tests using Haystack-built heads giving 20-micron track width have yielded satisfactory signal-to-noise ratios and bit error rates. To optimize S/N, additional tests are planned in which the number of turns on the fluxor cores is varied. Tests of thinner (20 micron) tape are also promising. Samples of tape 15 microns thick will be received and tested shortly.
Although plans have called for the use of a somewhat modified Mark III recording format, additional features and changes have been proposed by NRAO, and certain design choices remain. Examples include number of levels of quantization, sample encoding method, error detection approach, channel-to-track assignment and switching method, and record and playback speeds. Design goals include acceptably small losses in system sensitivity, reliability, ease of operation and maintenance and acceptably efficient use of tape. A meeting is scheduled for early January at which many, if not all, of these issues will be resolved.
In the correlator area, the subcontract with Caltech was signed and approved early this quarter.
30 Caltech reports that the review of specifications and architecture are proceeding in parallel and on schedule. In the absence of final specifications, Caltech has assumed a set of working specs in order to make progress on the architecture. An in-depth design review is planned for mid-January during which many questions affecting not only the correlator, but the data recording/playback systems and the post-processing should be resolved.
The original VLSI custom correlator chip design effort at JPL yielded a chip that did not meet performance specs, and the effort was dropped. Five other options were considered, from which it was decided to start the development of a gate array chip based on 3-micron CMOS technology, a standard process that does not press the state of the art. However, a semi-custom chip being developed for the Australia Telescope (AT) will shortly be delivered in prototype quantities. Should it offer adequate capability with some cost savings, the gate array development could be dropped.
Tasks for the near future include analysis of proposed interconnection schemes, finalizing of specs, completing of most of the architectural design, and planning of software development. Two NRAO people will assist in the last area.
In the area of data processing, the bulk of the software needed for the normal processing of astronomical data from the VLBA are currently available and are in routine production use. There are three general areas in which development is needed: (1) the interface to the correlator and monitor data base, (2) calibration and editing of correlator output, and (3) geometric analysis of the data, i.e., for astrometry and geodesy.
(1) The interface between the correlator and the data-processing system will be the archived correlator output medium (magnetic tape or optical disk) with information written in a standard data interchange format (FITS). The information to be written on this tape is now mostly specified. Some details remain to be settled. Significant progress has been made on an improved data averaging scheme which could greatly reduce the bulk of the data archived.
(2) Most of the general system-level features of the calibration and editing package have been specified and work has begun on the database interface routines. Application software must await completion of the system-level hardware.
(3) The requirements of geometric observations are being included in the work described for the previous two sections.
31 PERSONNEL
New Hires
Neil E.B. Killeen Research Associate 11/05 Juan M. Uson Assistant Scientist 11/16 John H. Simonetti Research Associate 12/05
Rehires
Anthony R. Kerr Scientist 11/05 Gerritt L. Verschuur Visiting Associate Scientist 11/13
Terminations
Althea Wilkinson Visiting Associate Scientist 10/12 Peter N. Wilkinson Visiting Associate Scientist 10/12 Gustaef van Noorsel Systems Scientist 11/30 Jerzy Machalski Visiting Scientist 12/17 Hans R. De Ruiter Visiting Assistant Scientist 12/07 Franklin H. Briggs Visiting Associate Scientist 12/31
Changes in Status
Hein Hvatum to Acting Director 10/01 Morton S. Roberts to Senior Scientist 10/01
32 APPENDIX I.
PUBLICATIONS AUTHORED BY NRAO STAFF MEMBERS OR BASED ON OBSERVATIONS OBTAINED ON NRAO TELESCOPES DURING 1984
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