Church History Time Line (Mainly Orthodox)
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VERY EARLY TRINITARIAN EXPRESSIONS Stuart E
Tyndale Bulletin 65.1 (2014) 141–152 VERY EARLY TRINITARIAN EXPRESSIONS Stuart E. Parsons Summary While older scholarship identified the earliest use of Trinitarian terminology near the end of the second century in the work of Theophilus of Antioch, some recent studies have challenged this view. However, while affirming certain insights of these newer studies, it is necessary to revisit them in light of the historical setting of the second- century apologists. In reality, Theophilus and other early apologists evidenced a certain implicit Trinitarianism by affirming unity, distinction, eternal pre-existence and economic subordination in the Godhead. Studies of early Trinitarian terminology must look beyond explicit descriptions of the Godhead. They must consider also broad patterns of implicit Trinitarianism. 1. Introduction Older concepts of the Trinitarianism of the second-century apologist, Theophilus of Antioch, have been challenged of late. This is significant, since he has often been considered the first Christian to use Trinitarian terminology.1 These older concepts assert that when Theophilus writes that God, his Logos, and his Sophia are types of a triad (τριάς), he is making the earliest terminological reference (c. 180) to the Trinity.2 J. N. D. Kelly represents this older perspective when he 1 For example, E. Venables, ‘Theophilus (4)’ in Dictionary of Christian Biography (London: Murray, 1911; repr., Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994): 982. 2 Theophilus, Autol., 2.15. On the date of Ad Autolycum, Harnack estimates c. AD 180 as an upper limit for the final letter, since the last emperor it lists is Marcus Aurelius who died in that year. While Erbes argues for a third-century date, claiming that Theophilus did not intend to record recent historical events but only important ones, this is not borne out by the amount of trivial historical information included, nor by his argument about history. -
Journeys of Faith Evangelicalism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Anglicanism 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook
JOURNEYS OF FAITH EVANGELICALISM, EASTERN ORTHODOXY, CATHOLICISM, AND ANGLICANISM 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Robert L Plummer | 9780310331209 | | | | | Journeys of Faith Evangelicalism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Anglicanism 1st edition PDF Book But where was that church? In the Orthodox Church, the interpretation of a verse must be supported by all of the verses around it or it is simply taken out of context. In passing he refers to "many americanized [sic] Roman Catholic parishes," to generally "secularized American Roman Catholics," to "protestantized Roman Catholics," to "the increasingly chaotic Roman Church," to "modernized Roman Catholics," to "the post- Vatican II, modernized reductionism of today's Roman Catholics. James presided and made the decision because he was bishop of Jerusalem and therefore the authority in his "diocese" my term. Author Francis J. The current territory of the Greek Orthodox Churches more or less covers the areas in the Balkans , Anatolia , and the Eastern Mediterranean that used to be a part of the Byzantine Empire. Liturgical worship, as opposed to informal worship? In Rome I was intrigued by the ancient ruins and the Christian catacombs. I could put on intellectual blinders and approach the Scriptures like a "fundamentalist", with lots of emotion and doing my best to ignore the world of the mind, I could try to adopt the barren "post- modern" and "de-mythologized" faith of many of my peers, or I could abandon Christianity altogether. The reality of family is another thing we lived. I knew that something was missing from my life but I was not even sure what I was looking for. -
5000140104-5000223054-1-Sm
The University of Manchester Research The beginnings of printing in the Ottoman capital Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Palabiyik, N. (2015). The beginnings of printing in the Ottoman capital. Studies in Ottoman Science, 16(2), 3-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/673531 Published in: Studies in Ottoman Science Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:04. Oct. 2021 Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, XVI/2 (2015): 3-32 THE BEGINNINGS OF PRINTING IN THE OTTOMAN CAPITAL: BOOK PRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION IN EARLY MODERN ISTANBUL Nil Pektaş* When Johannes Gutenberg began printing using the technology of movable type in Mainz around 1439, the Western world was to change rapidly and irreversibly. This shift from mainly handwritten production and the less popular xylographic printing (made from a single carved or sculpted block for each page) to typographic printing (made with movable type on a printing press in Gutenberg’s style) made it possible to produce more books by considerably reducing the time and cost of production. -
Markup Committee on Foreign Affairs House Of
CALLING UPON THE GOVERNMENT OF TURKEY TO FACILITATE THE REOPENING OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE’S THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL OF HALKI WITHOUT CONDITION OR FURTHER DELAY MARKUP BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA, AND EMERGING THREATS OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H. Res. 188 NOVEMBER 19, 2013 Serial No. 113–90 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 85–639PDF WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 14:58 Jan 08, 2014 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\_EEET\111913M\85639 HFA PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DANA ROHRABACHER, California Samoa STEVE CHABOT, Ohio BRAD SHERMAN, California JOE WILSON, South Carolina GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey TED POE, Texas GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia MATT SALMON, Arizona THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania BRIAN HIGGINS, New York JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina KAREN BASS, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts MO BROOKS, Alabama DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island TOM COTTON, Arkansas ALAN GRAYSON, Florida PAUL COOK, California JUAN VARGAS, California GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina BRADLEY S. -
Life with Augustine
Life with Augustine ...a course in his spirit and guidance for daily living By Edmond A. Maher ii Life with Augustine © 2002 Augustinian Press Australia Sydney, Australia. Acknowledgements: The author wishes to acknowledge and thank the following people: ► the Augustinian Province of Our Mother of Good Counsel, Australia, for support- ing this project, with special mention of Pat Fahey osa, Kevin Burman osa, Pat Codd osa and Peter Jones osa ► Laurence Mooney osa for assistance in editing ► Michael Morahan osa for formatting this 2nd Edition ► John Coles, Peter Gagan, Dr. Frank McGrath fms (Brisbane CEO), Benet Fonck ofm, Peter Keogh sfo for sharing their vast experience in adult education ► John Rotelle osa, for granting us permission to use his English translation of Tarcisius van Bavel’s work Augustine (full bibliography within) and for his scholarly advice Megan Atkins for her formatting suggestions in the 1st Edition, that have carried over into this the 2nd ► those generous people who have completed the 1st Edition and suggested valuable improvements, especially Kath Neehouse and friends at Villanova College, Brisbane Foreword 1 Dear Participant Saint Augustine of Hippo is a figure in our history who has appealed to the curiosity and imagination of many generations. He is well known for being both sinner and saint, for being a bishop yet also a fellow pilgrim on the journey to God. One of the most popular and attractive persons across many centuries, his influence on the church has continued to our current day. He is also renowned for his influ- ence in philosophy and psychology and even (in an indirect way) art, music and architecture. -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Short Version Final 041213
TURKEY’S COMPLIANCE WITH ITS OBLIGATIONS TO THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE AND ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN MINORITY The Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic Yale Law School Maria Burnett, Maria Pulzetti, and Sean Young A paper prepared at the request of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America December 11, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The Turkish government interferes with the Ecumenical Patriarchate's freedom of religion and discriminates against Turkey's Orthodox minority.....................................................................1 a. The Patriarchate cannot freely exercise its right to train clergy and choose religious leaders ........1 b. The Turkish government interferes with the activities of Orthodox bishops.................................1 c. The Patriarchate and other religious minorities cannot freely exercise the right to operate religious schools.………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 d. Turkish laws treat religious minority foundations, including Orthodox foundations, differently than other foundations............................................................................................................ 2 e. Turkish law enforcement fails to protect adequately the Patriarch’s residence and other Orthodox sites from attack and to investigate and prosecute such attacks....................................3 2. Turkey’s treatment of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Orthodox minority violates its obligations under the Lausanne Treaty of 1923...........................................................................4 -
Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries Between Byzantium and the West
Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West Holger A. Klein Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 58. (2004), pp. 283-314. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0070-7546%282004%2958%3C283%3AEOAWDR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U Dumbarton Oaks Papers is currently published by Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/doaks.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
How Orthodox Is the Eastern Orthodox Church?
How Orthodox is the Eastern Orthodox Church? Introduction As a result of some questions I thought it wise to give a simple evaluation of the Eastern Orthodox Church (EOC). 1 This is even more relevant since recent decades have seen hordes of evangelicals (especially disaffected Charismatics) relocate into the EOC under the presumption that it has more fundamental historic prestige than modern churches. While in some doctrines the EOC has been a safeguard of apostolic and early church patriarchal teaching (such as the Trinity), and while they hold to good Greek NT manuscripts, we should not accept a multitude of other teachings and practices which are unbiblical. You should also be aware that this church has formally condemned Calvinism in church statutes. The answer to the question, ‘ How Orthodox is the Eastern Orthodox Church? ’ is simply, ‘ Not very; in fact it is downright heretical in doctrine and practice ’. Here are the reasons why; but first I will give a potted history of the Orthodox Church. History What is the EOC? The Orthodox Church, or the Eastern Orthodox Church, 2 is a federation of Churches originating in the Greek-speaking Church of the Byzantine Empire, which reject the authority of the Roman Pope. It has the Patriarch of Constantinople 3 as its head and uses elaborate and archaic rituals. It calls itself, ‘The Holy Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church’. I will try to make this very complicated history as simple as I can. The history is also hindered by different sources contradicting each other and making mistakes of fact. Pre Chalcedon (to 451) The initial foundations of Greek theology were laid down by the Greek Fathers, such as Athanasius, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, and the Cappadocian Fathers (the ‘Three Hierarchs’) i.e. -
Canon Law of Eastern Churches
KB- KBZ Religious Legal Systems KBR-KBX Law of Christian Denominations KBR History of Canon Law KBS Canon Law of Eastern Churches Class here works on Eastern canon law in general, and further, on the law governing the Orthodox Eastern Church, the East Syrian Churches, and the pre- Chalcedonean Churches For canon law of Eastern Rite Churches in Communion with the Holy See of Rome, see KBT Bibliography Including international and national bibliography 3 General bibliography 7 Personal bibliography. Writers on canon law. Canonists (Collective or individual) Periodicals, see KB46-67 (Christian legal periodicals) For periodicals (Collective and general), see BX100 For periodicals of a particular church, see that church in BX, e.g. BX120, Armenian Church For periodicals of the local government of a church, see that church in KBS Annuals. Yearbooks, see BX100 Official gazettes, see the particular church in KBS Official acts. Documents For acts and documents of a particular church, see that church in KBS, e.g. KBS465, Russian Orthodox Church Collections. Compilations. Selections For sources before 1054 (Great Schism), see KBR195+ For sources from ca.1054 on, see KBS270-300 For canonical collections of early councils and synods, both ecumenical/general and provincial, see KBR205+ For document collections of episcopal councils/synods and diocesan councils and synods (Collected and individual), see the church in KBS 30.5 Indexes. Registers. Digests 31 General and comprehensive) Including councils and synods 42 Decisions of ecclesiastical tribunals and courts (Collective) Including related materials For decisions of ecclesiastical tribunals and courts of a particular church, see that church in KBS Encyclopedias. -
Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries
Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries 2002 © 2001 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 01 02 03 04 05—10 987654321 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC -
First Line of Title
MADE IN THE AMERICAS? DECIPHERING THE ENIGMA OF THE MANO PODEROSA by Karla Francheska Torres Avilés A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History Spring 2011 Copyright 2011 Karla Francheska Torres Avilés All Rights Reserved MADE IN THE AMERICAS? DECIPHERING THE ENIGMA OF THE MANO PODEROSA by Karla Francheska Torres Avilés Approved: __________________________________________________________ Mónica Domínguez Torres, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Nina M. Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Art History Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Charles G. Riordan, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to dedicate this thesis to an exemplary human being, my Abuelo, Edwin Torres-Seda. Without his constant support and love, I would have never been able to fulfill my dreams of pursuing a graduate degree. He is truly an inspiration and I wish to express my deepest gratitude from the bottom of my heart. ¡Gracias Abuelo! I am personally indebted to everyone at the Department of Art History at the University of Delaware for providing the tools and knowledge required for me to excel in this field. My academic adviser, Dr. Mónica Domíguez Torres, has been instrumental in my professional growth. I wish to thank her for her academic support and for helping me overcome various hurdles in my graduate career. I am also extremely grateful to Dr.