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Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communications at (20 to 30) Ghz Hamed Hasani, Joana S

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Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communications at (20 to 30) Ghz Hamed Hasani, Joana S Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communications at (20 to 30) GHz Hamed Hasani, Joana S. Silva, Santiago Capdevila, Maria Garcia-Vigueras, Juan R. Mosig To cite this version: Hamed Hasani, Joana S. Silva, Santiago Capdevila, Maria Garcia-Vigueras, Juan R. Mosig. Dual- Band Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communications at (20 to 30) GHz. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019, 67 (8), pp.5325-5333. 10.1109/TAP.2019.2912495. hal-02277964 HAL Id: hal-02277964 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02277964 Submitted on 9 Sep 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Dual-band Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for Satellite Communications at 20/30 GHz Hamed Hasani, Joana S. Silva, Santiago Capdevila, María García-Vigueras, and Juan R. Mosig Abstract— A novel dual-band polarization-independent A transmitarray antenna [2] consists of a flat surface transmitarray is introduced in this paper for illuminated by a feed antenna. The flat surface comprises an communication systems in Ka band. Thanks to its unit-cell array of multi-layer printed structures each with a different topology, the transmitarray antenna demonstrates almost geometrical parameter that controls the transmission complete independent performance at the two design amplitude and phase of the incoming wave. The phase control frequency bands of 20 and 30 GHz. As a proof-of-concept, capability should allow the array to transform the incoming a transmitarray antenna prototype having a plate size of spherical wave front into plane wave hence generating a 80×80 mm2 has been fabricated using printed board highly directive beam in the far-field region technology. A dual-band circularly polarized ridged cavity In the literature, several multi-band transmitarrays have antenna feeds this planar structure and the relative been described [3-11]. In [3] a printed dual-band transmitarray translational displacement between the feed and the at 20/30 GHz is introduced which uses interlaced cross- transmitarray allows beam steering. The antenna dipoles printed on four layers. An active transmitarray for performance has been validated via experimental results, similar purposes is presented in [4] for beam direction at which demonstrate good agreement with the theoretical broadside which uses dual-band subarrays. A dual-band and simulation predictions carried out with commercial transmittarray is introduced in [5] performing at around 12 and software packages. 17 GHz with linear polarization at each frequency. In [6] and [7] cell topologies are proposed for dual-band performance Index Terms— Transmitarray, dual-band, circular controlling the transmission phase through element rotations polarization, beam-steering, millimeter wave, satellite and hence restricting the operation to circular polarization communications, Ka band, cavity-backed feed antenna. only. As for metallic transmitarrays a dual-polarized cell topology has been recently introduced in [8] but for closely spaced frequencies of 11 and 12.5 GHz. A recent concept is manuscriptintroduced in [9] for dual-band, dual-polarized performance at I. INTRODUCTION 20/30 GHz. The transmitarray is composed of seven layers N the recent years, satellite communication systems each composed of an array of printed cross dipoles and square operating in Ka band (downlink: 17-21.2 GHz; uplink: 27.5- rectangular apertures. In addition, beam steering functionality I31 GHz) [1] have attracted great attention mainly due to the is achieved through the relative positioning of feed vs spot-beam coverage allowing frequency reuse operation and transmitarray surface. In the design process, the phase consequently higher capacity. Moreover, operation in higher response of the proposed cell at each frequency is a function frequencies allow considerable size reduction, which per se of the size of each element and thus a time-consuming cell has boosted the interest on satellite-on-the-move applications optimization process has been carried out in order to obtain (SOTM) guaranteeing an always-connected nomadic behavior. the optimum transmission amplitude/phase. Furthermore, the Transmitarrays antennas have proven to be reliable candidates usage of dielectrics is unavoidable which makes the antenna (as high-gain, low-profile and low-cost antennas) for multiple suitable only for ground terminals. applications, especially those of satellite communications This paper presents a cell topology for dual-band dual- systems. polarized performance at 20 and 30 GHz which, compared to the above-mentioned solutions, possesses additional H. Hasani formerly with Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme et d’Antennes, distinctive advantages. The proposed cell demonstrates École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland, and currently with Sivantos GmbH, Henri-Dunant Str. 100, 91058 Erlangen, independent performance at each frequency band which Germany ([email protected]). eliminates the need for time-consuming phase optimization J. S. Silva is withAccepted Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme et d’Antennes, École techniques and brings flexibility since the antenna can be Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland, and designed to have arbitrary beam direction at each frequency currently with HUBER+SUHNER AG. S. Capdevila is with Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme et d’Antennes, band. Furthermore, due to the dual-polarized structure of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. cell, it can be employed for any polarization (e.g.: circular, M. Garcia-Vigueras is with Institut d’Électronique et de linear, slant). Télécommunications de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6164, Institut National des In addition to the above-mentioned cases, the cell has the Sciences Appliquées de Rennes, Rennes 35708, France. J. R. Mosig formely with Laboratoire d’Electromagnétisme et d’Antennes, potential to be developed as a fully metallic topology which École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. can be an attractive solution for space environments. The main challenge encountered in this case is the cell miniaturization in 2 order to avoid grating lobes at 30 GHz. This difficulty stems from the relatively large difference in the design frequencies and it is discussed in detail in this paper. The paper is organized as follows. The unit-cell topology is presented in section II. The antenna design along with a simulation scenario is described in Section III. Section IV presents the simulated and measured beam steering results based on the concept used in [10]. The possibility of an extension to a fully metallic transmitarray is presented in section V along with simulation results. Finally, conclusions are drawn in Section VI. II. THE UNIT-CELL The unit-cell geometry along with the assigned input and (a) output Floquet ports, are shown in Fig. 1. The remaining four surrounding walls are assigned with periodic boundary condition (PBC). The cell is composed of three layers, each being composed of interlaced dual-polarized slot elements for phase regulation at 20 and 30 GHz. The phase regulating parameters are denoted as L1 (for 20 GHz) and L2 (for 30 GHz). The cell is thus capable of operation for elliptical polarization in general and in particular for linear, circular and slant polarizations. While a simple cross-slot element has been chosen for operation at 30 GHz, a swastika cross is designated for operation at 20 GHz for miniaturization purposes to maintain the cell size no larger than 5.3 mm. This cell size should allow beam deviation up to 60 degrees from the broad side direction at 30 GHz without the appearance of grating lobes. Furthermore, as will be discussed in detail in section V, a swastika cross proves to be an excellent candidate for the (b) design of the fully metallic dual-band transmitarray antenna. Fig. 1 – The geometry of the proposed cell: (a) front view (b) 3D view. We should also note that according to [12] the cell is a Rot-4 type topology; a topology whose amplitude and phase manuscript response is invariant to a physical 90 degrees rotation around z axis (assuming z axis normal to the paper in Fig. 1a). This topology in theory demonstrates zero cross-polarization level in case of a normal wave incidence. The slot elements are designed to be printed on Rogers- 5870 with 0.254 mm of thickness and permittivity 2.33. Layers are separated by air gaps of fixed thickness h = 3.6 mm, which makes the total array thickness of around 7.5 mm. In the current dual-band design we have chosen the value of 3.6 mm as layer separation distance due to the availability of (a) an antenna support which was previously designed and fabricated for similar purposes. Furthermore, as will be shown later, the chosen value is adequate for proof-of-concept purposes. Fig. 2 shows the cell amplitude and phase response at each frequency with respect to their own corresponding phase regulating parameter i.e. L1 or L2. At 20 GHz, the cell demonstrates aroundAccepted 300o phase range within the 3-dB range 2 for transmission power |S12| . At 30 GHz however return loss has increased for certain values of L2 within the 3dB transmission power range. The cell performs better at 20 GHz, where the 3.6 mm layer separation is closer to a quarter (b) Fig. 2 – Phase and amplitude response of the cell: (a) at 20 GHz with respect wavelength at 20 GHz (λ20/4 = 3.75 mm) than at 30 GHz to L1; (b) at 30 GHz with respect to L2. (λ30/4 = 2.5 mm).
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