Botswana and Unesco

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

2014 ANNUAL REPORT

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

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T S WA N O A B

The Mandate BOBS is responsible for developing and implementing Botswana Standards as well as coordinating quality assurance activities to improve the quality of life of the citizens and protection of the environment. The standards implementation is also meant to enhance and facilitate trade.

Services provided by BOBS Testing BOBS provides independent testing of goods at Standards Development the request of the clients in order to determine BOBS facilitates the development of national compliance with quality standards. standards through established national technical committees comprising representatives Any person or company can request for testing of stakeholders in a particular field. of any product which has standard. Benefits of product testing include: assurance of accep- The development of standards is based on the tability by market, reduction in liability risks, and identified needs and as such they are market- determination of its effectiveness and provides driven. The usage of standards is generally on an opportunity to maintain superiority and a voluntary basis since they are business man- differentiation in the marketplace. agement tools that benefit business enterprises, government and society at large. Calibration BOBS provides calibration services for test and However the standards may be used by regula- measuring equipment in various industrial, tory bodies to enforce their technical regulations scientific and medical applications. Calibration or in instances where a regulatory body does determines the performance of an instrument not exist, they may be declared as compulsory under specified conditions by using instruments standards and enforced/implemented by BOBS. of significantly better and known performance and traceable to international standards. Standards that are declared as compulsory specifications are those that have a bearing on Any person, organization or company can the health and safety of the consumer or those request for calibration of measuring instru- that are meant to protect the environment. ments if in doubt of their accuracy.

The use of standards help organizations become Benefits of calibration of equipment include efficient in their operations, reduce production assurance of quality of metrological per- costs and access markets. formance of instruments, reduction in liability and risks. Certification BOBS provides third party certification services Training for both products and management systems BOBS’ provides training services which are to various companies. Any company can apply accredited by the Botswana Training Authority for certification. Consumers cannot apply for (BOTA). Courses offered are specific to stan- product certification. Certification has the fol- dardization and quality assurance and are in lowing benefits amongst others: the following areas: • Quality management systems If you are a manufacturer/supplier, certification • Environmental management systems widens market opportunities, removes uncer- • Occupational health and safety management tainty, protects your brand and reputation systems and if effectively utilized can improve overall • Medical, general testing and calibration labo- performance. ratory management systems • Sampling of drinking water. If you are a buyer, certification is testimony from an independent body that you are buying Regulatory Compliance a product/service, which meets the requirements BOBS ensures compliance to compulsory stan- of an appropriate standard. dards and regulations. Examples include bot- tled water, electrical appliances, some vehicle accessories, labeling of products, etc. Regu- latory compliance services are both planned and requested.

NB: There are other regulatory bodies that cover other products/services such as food control, veterinary services, and consumer affairs-related matters. You can contact BOBS for more information on this.

Gaborone office: Francistown office: Plot No. 55745, Block 8, Main Airport Road Toll Free Number: (0800 600 900), Insurance House, Plot No. lots 13393/4/5 Private Bag B0 48, Gaborone, Botswana, E-mail: [email protected] Private Bag F465, Fracistown, Botswana, Tel: (+267) 3903200, Fax: (+267) 3903120 Tel: 2416232, Fax: 2416251 THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

Information magazine N°13

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Foreword

I present to you the 13th edition of the Botswana UNESCO annual report. The report shares the value add of Botswana’s membership to UNESCO which I hope will continue to be demonstrated in the current biennium of 2014-2015 and beyond.

Botswana as a Member State to UNESCO participated in the election of a number of UNESCO SEATS in 2014. She became a member of the Inter-governmental Governing Council for the Information for All Programme (IFAP) for the period January 2014 – December 2017. In May 2014 Botswana was further elected to the Executive Committee of IFAP. Botswana chairs IFAP Working Group on ICTs and Infor- mation Literacy for the 198 UNESCO member states. The seat holder from Botswana is Dr. Omponye Coach Kereteletswe. Botswana is also a member of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics Governing Board (UIS) which consists of 12 International experts from the 198 UNESCO member states. Mrs Annah Majelantle is Botswana’s seat holder. The institute serves UNESCO Member States, the wider UN system as well as a range of Intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, Research Insti- tutes and Universities.

Botswana as a State Party to the 1972 on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage contributed to the achievement of objective no. 1 of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre Action Plan of 2012 – 2017 for the Africa Region, which aims at improving the representation of African heritage sites on the World Heritage List through the preparation of successful nomination dossiers. The Okavango Delta was inscribed as a 1000th World Heritage Site on the 22nd June 2014 without debates and amendments in Doha, Qatar.

Furthermore, Botswana on behalf of UNESCO World Heritage Centre and African World Heritage Fund hosted a World Heritage Nomination Workshop for the Anglophone in November 2014. The workshop aimed at building capacity to increase the number of successful nomination dossiers submitted by the African Continent.

Botswana continues to benefit from UNESCO programmes including Fellowship Programme where two (2) officers were admitted for UNESCO/Israel Mashav Co-sponsored fellowship programme by Ministry of Education and Skills Development (MoESD) and UNESCO from 12 May – 12 June 2014. An additional eight (8) officers from the Ministry also received support from the fellowship Programme through UNESCO International Institute of Educational Planning (IIEP) for a short course co-sponsored by MoESD and UNESCO on Quality Assurance and Standards.

Botswana managed to complete four projects which were funded through UNESCO Participation Programme. The projects were implemented by Ministries of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism and Youth Sport and Culture. The projects were Botswana Community Based Cultural Heritage Inventory Making Project; Capacity Building for Kgatleng District ICH Cluster Committees; Renovation of Bonnington Open Air Museum and Ratification of UNESCO 1970, 1954 and the UNIDROID Conventions. Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture also received funds from UNESCO Multi-Sectoral Regional Office in Southern Africa to conduct training of Trainer of Trainers (TOT) on Intangible Cultural Heritage in September 2014.

Lastly I would like to pass my sincere gratitude to those who contributed to the production of this report making submissions and I encourage all those who did not to do so in future.

Mr Mokgweetsi E.K. Masisi Vice President of the Republic of Botswana, Minister of Education and Skills Development, Minister Responsible for Relations with UNESCO

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Introduction

I welcome you to the 13th Edition of Botswana UNESCO Annual Report, this is a 2014 production. The annual report show case the coordination and facilitation efforts by Botswana National Commission for UNESCO (NATCOM) on the execution of UNESCO mandate in Botswana.

The NAT Com facilitated mobilisation of funds from UNESCO to support programmes and activities to implement UNESCO mandate in Botswana. The implementing partners included Government Ministries, non- Governmental Organisations, Parastatals and Community Based Organ- isations. UNESCO has continued to provide technical expertise in its five (5) competency areas in Botswana as well as building capacity through high level forums at international, regional and national levels.

This year, Botswana’s performance in terms of delivering UNESCO mandate was very much significant as the country listed its second World Heritage site, Okavango Delta in the World Heritage List. The listing will enhance growth in the Tourism sector which will boost the country’s economic growth.

Botswana National Commission for UNESCO would like to highly appreciate the efforts made by all the ministries, non-governmental organisation and parastatals which are implementing the core business of UNESCO in Botswana, without them compilation of this annual report will not be possible.

Mr Oteng B. Mokowe Deputy Secretary General Botswana National Commission for UNESCO

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

Table of Contents

INFORMATION 5 FOREWORD MAGAZINE From the Vice President of the Republic of Botswana, Minister of Education and N° 13 Skills Development, Minister Responsible for Relations with UNESCO.

7 INTRODUCTION From the Deputy Secretary General, Botswana National Commission for UNESCO.

11 BOTSWANA AND UNESCO • Medium Term Strategy 2014-2021. • Botswana Benefits from UNESCO. • Training Seminar for Officials of National Commissions for UNESCO from BOTSWANA NATIONAL Southern Africa. COMMISSION FOR UNESCO 29 EDUCATION • The Education Programme Committee of the Botswana Natcom. • International Forum on Science of Learning and Innovation in Education. • Project Evaluation Workshop on Inclusive Education. • Endearing Endangered Teacher Professional Development Centres. • Preparing Youth for Work in Botswana – BEAR Project. Headquarters: Ministry of Education 62 SCIENCES Private Bag 005 Gaborone, Botswana • Botswana National Survey of Research & Development. • Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers – The Stampriet Kalahari-Karoo Aquifer.

83 CULTURE th This magazine is prepared jointly by: • Okavango Delta listed as 1000 UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Botswana National • UNESCO World Heritage Volunteer Programme – Tsodilo Hills Camp Commission for UNESCO and, Maintenance Project. Editions Afrique Océanie • Botswana Cultural Property Soon to be Protected. [email protected] • Safeguarding the Living Heritage. • Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventorying – Phuthadikobo Museum. • Bonnington Open Air Museum Restoration of Farm House Project 2014.

119 COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION • Celebrating World Radio Day in Botswana. • Free Media Contribute to Good Governance, Empowerment and Eradicating Poverty – World Press Freedom day Report 2014. Contributor (Welcome to Botswana): EAO Editorial Team 133 WELCOME TO BOTSWANA • Botswana, an unspoiled land of timeless beauty. • Mining: Unlocking Botswana’s hidden wealth. • Agriculture: Empowering farmers. • Manufacturing: Adding value to domestic resources. Online Edition: www.natcomreport.com • Financial Services: Broadening access. • Investment: Go Botswana. • Construction: A vibrant sector. • Transport: Moving towards regional integration. • Telecommunications & ICT: Affordable and reliable access to broadband This magazine cannot be sold services for all. Free distribution • Energy: A development priority.

Views expressed in the articles are • Water: A precious resource. personal opinions of the contributors • Health: Caring for the nation. and do not in any way reflect the official stand of the Botswana National Commission for UNESCO. 232 LIST OF ADVERTISERS

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Capital Bank Proﬁle

Overview

Capital Bank Botswana Limited (CBL) commenced commercial operations Why Capital Bank: in Botswana on the 7th of July 2008 with its ﬁrst branch in Gaborone. It now has four branches, the others being in Francistown, Mogoditshane t Customer focused and Broadhurst. t Personalised service Competitive pricing The Bank provides all types of commercial banking services including t transactional accounts, savings and deposit accounts, loans and guar- t Quick turnaround times antees, foreign exchange services, international banking and electronic t Direct access to Executive Management banking. t Full range of banking products

Capital Bank is focused on customers and aims to achieve the highest standards of customer service. It uses technology to ensure conveni- ence and efficiency for customers all over the world, and is a member of the Electronic Clearing House (ECH), Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) Services Offered (in all major currencies): system and Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication Savings Account (SWIFT). t t Current Accounts t Call Accounts t Fixed Deposits t Overdrafts and Loans CBL is affiliated to First Merchant Bank Limited (FMB), Malawi. FMB has a t Guarantees 38.6% shareholding in Capital Bank, with the remaining shares being held t Letters of Credit by other parties including local shareholders of Botswana. FMB was the ﬁrst private sector bank to be granted a commercial banking license in t Internet Banking Malawi and has been operating since 1995. FMB has shown remarkable t SMS Alerts growth over the years and was successfully listed on the Malawi Stock t Electronic Statements Exchange in June 2006. t Visa Debit Cards Our regional partnerships also include Prime Bank (Kenya), First Capital t Foreign Exchange Services Bank (Zambia) and Capital Bank (Mozambique). t Factoring/ Invoice Discounting

Capital Bank Botswana is an ideal choice for simple and efficient cross border transactions and ﬁnancing given the Bank’s Group asset base of more than US$375m, the regional partnerships and the no exchange control platform that Botswana offers.

Important Facts (Dec 2013) Items Group Capital Bank Assets BWP 3.2 billion BWP 1.07 billion Deposits BWP 2.2 billion BWP 0.89 billion Equity BWP 702 million BWP 131.6million Branches 44 4 Customer Base 572,460 8,500 Employee Count 1,117 122 BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Medium-Term Strategy 2014-2021 (37 C/4)

Mission “As a specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO – pursuant to its Constitution – statement contributes to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, and sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information.”

Overarching Equitable and sustainable Peace objectives development

Global Africa Gender equality priorities

Strategic SO 1: Supporting Member SO 2: Empowering learners SO 3: Advancing Education objectives States to develop education to be creative and for All (EFA) and shaping systems to foster responsible global citizens the future international high-quality and inclusive education agenda lifelong learning for all

SO 4: Strengthening science, SO 5: Promoting SO 6: Supporting inclusive technology and innovation international scientific social development, fostering systems and policies – cooperation on critical intercultural dialogue for nationally, regionally and challenges to sustainable the rapprochement of globally development cultures and promoting ethical principles

SO 7: Protecting, promoting SO 8: Fostering creativity SO 9: Promoting freedom and transmitting heritage and the diversity of cultural of expression, media expressions development and access to information and knowledge

Responding to Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Situations

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Botswana Benefits from UNESCO Botswana National Commission for UNESCO Capacity Building Seminar Report Kasane, 6th to 8th February 2014

Some of the workshop participants.

Botswana National Com- mission for UNESCO held a Capacity Building Seminar for all the Local Authorities on 6th to 8th February 2014 in Kasane. The seminar aimed at sensitizing participants on the functions of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and benefits that Botswana can reap from being a Member State of this organization.

He gave a brief history of life in Kasane such as trans- the Village or Township of portation and fishing as a Kasane. Kgosi talked about source of food. Kgosi Mwezi the falls in Chobe known as also informed the participants the Sehuba Falls, which ushers about the flooding of Chobe into the Victoria Falls in Zim- River which is around the babwe and the beauties found months of February to March. in Kasane like wildlife which is scattered around the village Kgosi Mwezi assured the more especially warthogs participants to feel at home which are seen around the and urged them to always shops, elephants and hippos come and visit Kasane at any among others that roam time but mostly in summer around the village. He also when the rains are over, and emphasized the importance the flooding of the river had or reasons as to why the ele- subsided to enjoy boat cruis- phants bring along their young ing and to view the beautiful ones to the river. He said, they scenery of Kasane Township. Kgosi Moffat Welcome Remarks go there not only to drink Kgosi Mwezi wished the par- Mwezi of Kgosi Moffat Mwezi of water but also to teach them ticipants a fruitful and enjoy- Kasane Kasane welcomed the digni- how to bath and swim. able seminar, since all dogs welcoming taries and everybody to the were chained. the UNESCO Capacity Building Kgosi indicated that Chobe participants. Seminar which was held at River is perennial, and its’ Official Opening Kasane from the 6th to 8th water flows from Angola. He The chairperson of the February 2014. further talked about water Botswana National Commis-

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

sion for UNESCO Mr Rahim Botswana at large; all Local wider UN System. It is therefore Khan started by saying “we and International Govern- of utmost importance that are extremely delighted to ment and Non-Governmental we collectively work together see you”. He said his pleasure Organizations operating either and raise our profile. We can was derived from the under- in Botswana and/or elsewhere. only achieve this by commit- standing that the Botswana ting time and energy through National Commissioners and The chairperson continued identifying and subsequently the Botswana National Com- by mentioning that different implementing niche areas. mission for UNESCO alone countries or national commis- cannot produce any tangible sions adopt different termi- He further informed the results without members of the nologies in accordance with seminar participants some community like the seminar how the respective National of the critical priorities that participants, who are critical Commissions (NATCOM) we are expected to deliver as in decision making, gover- would have been established. a country, and anchored on nance and crafting laws for The Commissioners were decisions taken by the United Botswana. then familiarized with the Nations General Assembly workings of the NATCOMS and delegated to UNESCO as He added that the seminar and the various committees a specialized agency of the UN marks an important mile- of UNESCO. System. For instance, we as a stone, as it starts an orientation Nation of the World required to sensitize participants on the He mentioned that the to productively tackle certain functions and benefits that Botswana National Commis- issues such as Climate Change; Botswana can reap from being sion for UNESCO has national Poverty Eradication; Educa- a Member State of United and international responsi- tion for All by 2015; Protection Nations Educational, Scientific bility of making it possible of Tangible and Intangible and Cultural Organization, for Botswana to accrue tan- Heritage; Youth And Skills- (UNESCO). He further indi- gible and non-tangible bene- Putting Education to Work, cated that on December 11, fits from her membership just to mention a few. 2012, Honorable Dr. Pelonomi to UNESCO. It is important Venson-Moitoi, Minister of therefore, that the National The Commissioners’ main Education and Skills Devel- Commission is efficiently remit, is to examine the work opment launched Members and effectively guided and programme of the Botswana supported by Commissioners NATCOM. This is carried out representing select and critical through, among others, pro- key government ministries, gramme activities of sector departments, civil society and specialised committees on the private sector, based on the core business of UNESCO’s priorities that would have fields of competence. These been determined by the Gen- fields of competence include eral Conference of UNESCO Education, Natural Sciences, at its biennial. Social and Human Sciences, Culture and Communication He informed the partici- and Information. It is therefore pants that the Ministry of critical that the Commission Education and Skills Devel- meets periodically to receive Chairperson of the Botswana National Commission opment serves as the Secre- reports from various sector for UNESCO, Mr Rahim Khan listening to the tariat for UNESCO activities committees and sub-commit- presentations. He officially opened the Seminar. in Botswana and this is car- tees in line with the overall ried out through the Botswana mandate of UNESCO. of the Botswana National National Commission for Commission for UNESCO to UNESCO. We may have, as He also informed partic- be referred to as the Commis- Botswana, over the years, indi- ipants that in the execution sioners. This was a welcome rectly missed out on some of of UNESCO’s fields of compe- development not only for the opportunities that other- tence, the Commissioners are the Ministry but for the Gov- wise would have accrued to us an integral part that supports ernment of the Republic of as one of the Member States MoESD in ensuring that the Botswana, the People of of UNESCO and that of the programme activities speak

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

to the needs of Botswana. He concluded by remind- tic development of societies These are some of the details ing all participants that they through a humanist agenda. that Commissioners should are all responsible for shaping He shared the UNESCO Organ- walk through so that they the Laws and regulations of ogram with the participants. can be productive members this country. He further encour- of the Botswana National aged each one of them to read He went on to explain Commission for UNESCO. more on UNESCO and how about the UNESCO General Botswana as a Member State Conference as a governing Mr Khan also restated can benefit from UNESCO as body. He said the General that as Batswana, they have an international institution. Conference consists of the a collective responsibility to representatives of UNESCO’s make sure that Membership He finally declared the Member States. It meets every of Botswana to UNESCO, yields seminar officially opened two years, and is attended significant results. He men- and thanked all those who by Member States and Asso- tioned that participants are turned up. ciate Members, together with taking part in the programme observers for non-Member at the time when Botswana UNESCO: Mandate, States, intergovernmental NATCOM has just returned Governing Bodies, organizations and non-gov- from UNESCO Headquarters Programme and Budget ernmental organizations in Paris, France, where they The Director of UNESCO (NGOs). Each country has attended the 37th UNESCO Harare Cluster Office and one vote, irrespective of its General Conference that was UNESCO Representative to size or the extent of its contri- held during the months of SADC Professor Luc Rukin- bution to the budget. October and November 2013. gama was given the opportu- Botswana shared with the nity to lay for the participants, The Executive Board Director General for UNESCO the UNESCO: Mandate, Gov- ensures the overall manage- and other Member States a erning Bodies, Programme ment of UNESCO. It prepares number of strategic initia- and Budget. the work of the General Con- tives aligned to Botswana’s ference and sees that its deci- national priorities and how His Excellency said as a sions are properly carried out. line Ministries and respective specialized agency of the UN The functions and responsi- organizations turn ideas into system, UNESCO contributes bilities of the Executive Board fruition for the benefit of to the building of peace, the are derived primarily from Batswana at large. alleviation of poverty, sus- the Constitution and from tainable development and rules or directives laid down The chairperson explained intercultural dialogue through by the General Conference. that Ministry of Local Govern- education, the sciences, cul- ment and Rural Development, ture, communication and He elaborated on the key where the bulk of the work- information. UNESCO’s works roles, responsibilities and func- shop participants came from, with other UN agencies and tions of UNESCO national is responsible for implemen- partners to promote the holis- offices. He said the offices; tation of UNESCO priority areas such as Early Childhood Professor Luk Rukingama, Director - Southern Africa Multi Sectoral Office. Development, increased access He gave a presentation on UNESCO Mandate, Governing Bodies, Programme and Budget. for school going children, promotion and protection of culture in respective Member States. He said the Ministry is the custodian of such priorities and he believed that as the resource persons deliberate on the UNESCO programme areas he also urged them to listen and understand what role they have to play as a Ministry, Community Leaders and Batswana.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

• Enhance UNESCO’s support Responsible for Relations with the working age group will to national development prior- UNESCO in BOTSWANA and decrease by 17million (2005). ities under the technical over- houses Botswana NatCom sight of Multi Sub-Regional Secretariat. Mr Kula mentioned that Offices. education is a key player in • Fully responsible and account- He went on to explain that the drive towards the realiza- able for the development Botswana NATCOM reports tion of the Vision Statement and delivery of UNESCO pro- to Harare Cluster Office in which is attained through grammes in the countries the Southern Africa Sub- ‘economic based outputs’ relat- of their respective locations. Region. He mentioned that ing to providing graduates • Mobilisation of Extra Budg- the NATCOM has 15 Members with opportunities to enter etary Funds at national level. selected from relevant Min- the work place. He said the • National Office Heads res- istries, Parastatals and Non approach to TVET should be ponsible for representing Governmental Organisations. aligned to the country’s cur- UNESCO and acting as senior rent and future needs and advisors to Governments on Revitalization of aspirations, including trans- matters pertaining to UNESCO Technical and Vocational forming Botswana into an mandate. Education and Training innovative, productive and Mr Tony Kula from the prosperous nation. He also talked about the Department of Technical and Southern Africa Regional Vocational Education and He further talked about the priorities which are; EDU- Training (TVET) in the Min- TVET System which he said CATION: Acceleration and istry of Education and Skills the revitalization of the TVET Achievement of Universal Development started his pre- Subsector is regarded as an Primary Education by 2015; sentation by explaining that essential component of the Enhancement of Technical one of Botswana policy docu- wider reforms and is critical and Vocational Education: ments, the National Human to the realization of the Gov- re: BEAR Projecs; HIV and Resource Development Strat- ernments’ Economic Diver- AIDS: UNESCO Lead Agency; egy of 2009-2022 Vision State- sification Drive (EDD) which Enhance Education and ment reads “by 2022 it will he said aims to reduce the Sustainable Development: be universally accepted that country’s dependence on dia- UNESCO Lead Agency for the quality, productivity and monds and reduce unemploy- Africa; Higher and Tertiary motivation of its people will ment. He told seminar partic- Education in co-operation be Botswana’s single greatest ipants that TVET is regarded with other Regional Offices and most valuable resource” as a subsector that has poten- and Headquarters and Cul- Touching on the National tial to become a regional hub ture and ICTS. Development Plan 10, he said of capacity building in the is optimistic on Human Capi- TVET sector addressing skills Botswana National tal and matching skills with needs across SADC as stated Commission For Unesco the needs of the labour market. in SADC Vision 2050. The Deputy Secretary General of Botswana National According to him, the He explained that to Commission for UNESCO Ministry of Education and achieve Strategic System (NATCOM) Mr Oteng Mokowe Skills Development has to Level Reforms a strategic made a presentation on Func- provide accessible, equitable platform for TVET had to tion and Roles of the NATCOM. and quality education, to be established through the provide globally competitive establishment of Human He informed the par- education to drive economic Resource Development Coun- ticipants that UNESCO was growth. He said that at the cil (HRDC), the establish- formed on 16 November, 1945 end of this decade working ment of Botswana Qualifi- and has currently 195 Mem- age people will have increased cations Authority (BQA) and bers States. In 1980 Botswana by 600million globally. By the National Human Resource became a Member and in 2020 the least developed Development Strategy. 1983 Botswana NATCOM countries will experience an was established. He said Min- increase of almost 460 mil- He told the seminar par- istry of Education and Skills lion of working age group ticipants that the TVET sub Development is the Ministry and in developed countries sector has come up with nine

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

(9) programmes as priority 1998 and it sought to develop UNESCO collaborates with areas within the Education a coordinated and integrated Botswana on Bilateral terms. and Training Sector Strategic application of Science and The collaboration includes Plan. The programmes are Technology (S&T) to stimulate provision of competitive bur- as follows; economic growth and moti- saries and support for research • Accountability in the TVET vate industrial development. projects by Tertiary Educa- Sector; tion Council which is respon- • Changing the image of TVET; The Director stated that sible for creation of more • TVET Programme Quality the Policy focuses on the estab- funding opportunities for the and Relevance; lishment of conducive envi- post graduates level training • Increasing access to TVET ronment for Research, Science both on government and pri- through pathways for growth and Technology Development; vate; rationalizing of educa- and employability; the setting up coordinating tion inspectorates and struc- • Strengthening work based mechanisms for optimal par- tures for quality assurance learning; ticipation of stakeholders in mechanisms by Ministry of • Improved TVET Staff Com- harnessing of science and tech- Education and Skills Devel- petencies; nology towards the achieve- opment(MoESD) through • TVET Resource Management; ment of Vision 2016 pillars introduction of degree Sci- • Private Sector and Industry of ‘Educated and Informed ence and Maths programmes Participation in TVET; Nation’ and ‘Prosperous, at teacher training colleges • Rationalise TVET Institu- Productive and Innovative (TT&D – MOESD); strength- tions and Programmes. nation’; the establishment ening teacher training science of the National Science, Tech- and mathematics curricula Research Science nology and Innovation Coor- and their methods of delivery and Technology dinating mechanism; the at Tertiary education level The Director of Depart- development of Research, (TT&D – MOESD); development of Research Science Science, Technology and Inno- ment and supporting imple- and Technology, Ms Lesego vation (RSTI) funding mech- mentation of science and Motoma gave a presentation anisms and also the devel- mathematics curriculum at on UNESCO Projects and Pro- opment of supportive legal pre-primary school level grammes under Major Pro- framework for the imple- (MOESD); the strengthening gramme II- Natural Sciences. mentation of the RSTI Policy of curricula for technical and as well as promotion of vocational institutions in The Director talked about technological creativity and order to create a strong base the Botswana’s Scientific innovation. of the technical cadre in the and Technological Compet- country; the development of itiveness, she mentioned that She mentioned that programmes to equip the Botswana is classified among UNESCO collaborates with technical cadre to speed up the scientifically lagging Botswana and assists in Pub- technology diffusion and to countries due to largely lack licising of the Policy Review perform hidden technology of capacity for scientific devel- Process by launching the innovation at the industry opment as characterized by summaries of the Situational level by working with Bots- the little or no investment Status report and the draft wana Confederation of Com- in Science Technology and RSTI Policy; engaging expert merce Industry and Manpower Innovation (STI) due to fail- to assist Department to develop (BOCCIM) and also to avail ure to translate knowledge, Implementation Plan for the opportunities for exchange education and learning into revised Policy (RSTI POLICY); and attachment/internship activities that promote Sci- Identifying appropriate indi- programmes and award ence and Technology (S&T) cators to monitor, evaluate & scholarships (BOCCIM). and the low conversion of assess RSTI Implementation; research outputs to products, Providing draft implemen- She also mentioned that systems and services with tation plans to address policy the department develops and socioeconomic benefits. statements and assessing implement programmes to inputs required. uplift and harness the unique- She mentioned that the ness and the importance of First National Science and Tech- She further informed the Botswana’s indigenous and nology Policy was approved in seminar participants of that traditional knowledge with

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Ministry of Youth Sport and Union (AU) and NEPAD RSTI He said most of the time Culture (MYSC) and it initiates Survey used for generating athletes dope because they a research hub for cultural indicators that show quality know that by so doing, they heritage and other activities of research nationally. The will cheat, however, some that will enable inter-gener- survey was conducted from still take the risk, some want ational knowledge exchange. October to December 2013, to take some prizes, money She said her department intro- publishing of the indicators or to become fame whereas duces and conducts One Dis- on Investment in R&D, out- such people end up making trict One Cluster Scheme to puts (publications/patients), bad decisions. Others feel the enrich the development of innovation level, HR and also pressure from their coaches, indigenous technologies with the publicizing of the indi- parents or themselves to be Local Enterprise Authority cators. The aim was to enable the best some athletes use (LEA). The presenter also men- decision/policy makers to put drugs to overcome injuries tioned that the department in place mechanisms to pro- and also that trainers or assesses societal challenges mote research and innovation. coaches might say that drugs and together with research can make one to forget about providers identify the kind Clean Sport – the pain or may help to speed of technologies needed in the National Anti-Doping up recovery. country. Finally she mentioned Education for Under 18 that it establishes sectoral Junior Athletes He mentioned that as a expert committees or plat- The Director of the Depart- Ministry, they fight against forms that oversee, manage ment of Sport and Recre- doping because doping in and guide sectoral technol- ation, Mr Falcon D. Sedimo, sport is cheating, it destroys ogies (LEA). She mentioned made a presentation on imple- fair play and sporting com- that Botswana is well known mented UNESCO Projects petition, there is much more globally for her comparably and Programmes Major Pro- to sport than just winning and high rating in governance gramme III - Human and also because for sport to sur- and political stability, invest- Social Sciences. vive as a positive, worthwhile ment climate, as well as com- activity, honesty, cooperation munication infrastructure He explained that his and courage are essential. though limited when it comes department received funds to research and development from UNESCO Fund for the in general like innovative Elimination of Doping in capability remains low on sport to implement a Clean the global scale resulting in Sport Project. high import of skills. The project aimed at rais- The Director said the first ing awareness and educating volume in UNESCOs’ new athletes at various stages in online series of Global Obser- their careers, as well as their vatory on Science, Technology entourage, who included and Innovation Policy Instru- but is not limited to coaches, ments (GOSPIN) Country managers, National Federa- Profiles in Science, Technology tions (NFs) administrators, and Innovation Policy was teachers, parents, and med- Director of Department of Sport and Recreation, launched on 14 November ical personnel. Mr Falcon Sedimo. He gave a presentation on Clean 2013 at UNESCO Headquar- Sport Project - Elimination of Doping in Sport. ters – Paris, it is dedicated He explained what doping to the research and innova- is and how it is done. He gave He gave a brief History tion landscape of Botswana. an example of an athlete’s on doping as it is probably use of prohibited drugs or derived from the Dutch wode She talked about UNESCO’s methods to improve training dope. An alcoholic beverage/ collaboration with Botswana and sporting results. He said drink made of grape skins through regional coopera- the use of drugs include things used by the Zulu warriors in tion. She said African Science such as steroids, stimulants, order to enhance their prowess Technology and Innovation hormones, diuretics, narcotics in battle and also the word Indicators through African and marijuana. became current around the

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

turn of the 20th century, orig- quently drafted an interna- them make informed deci- inally referring to illegal tional convention under the sions and the core to focus on drugging of race horses. He auspices of UNESCO, the the campaign which will be said it was first attempted in international convention delivered by thematic anti- 1928, IAAF became the first against doping in sport was doping presentations and International Sport Federation adopted unanimously by the the dissemination of adapted (ISF) to ban doping, many 33rd UNESCO General Confer- WADA materials. He said the other IFS followed suit, but ence on October 19, 2005 and target groups are the under 18s restriction remained ineffec- went into force in 2007 follow- in schools, out of school youths tive as no tests were performed ing ratification and member and sport academies, the 2nd and also that the problem states are now ratifying it Africa Youth Games Camps, worsened by synthetic hor- individually according to the Youth Sport Coaches/ mones invented in the 1930s. their respective constitutions. Sports Teachers (BISA) and Botswana as a member state, also COSASSA. He gave an example of ratified the convention in 2007, the death of Danish Cyclist it pays the annual WADA The presenter also talked Knud Enemark Jensen during subscription and is in good about the achievements such competition at the Olympics standing and also provides as Stakeholder engagement Games in Rome in 1960 which for the regulation of perform- meetings, presentation at increased the pressure for ance enhancing drugs and Motswedi Junior Secondary sport authorities to introduce substances in the new Sport School Sport Wellness Day. drug testing, in 1966 cycling Commission Bill. Education Awareness cam- and football were among the paign at African Sport Devel- first ISF to introduce doping He talked about the fund opment Centre at Lobatse, a tests in their respective World for the elimination of dop- presentation at Maun Sport Champions and also IOC insti- ing in sport which was estab- Fever Day and Anti-Doping tuted its Medical Commis- lished by governments to Awareness Campaign, Aware- sion and set up its first list assist state parties to under- ness campaign at the 2nd of prohibited substance in take their responsibilities under Africa Youth Games Cham- 1967. He said in 1999, a World the International Conven- pionships, December 2013 Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) tion against Doping in Sport camps in Gaborone, and was created as an Interna- (Convention) and he said any also in Workshops for Sports tional independent organi- country that had ratified the Teachers in regions such as zation to promote, coordi- Convention submits an appli- Central which comprises of nate and monitor the fight cation to the Voluntary Fund. Serowe/Palapye, South East, against doping in sport in all and Western and also the its forms and also coordinated The Director talked about production of promotional the development and subse- the Projects funded by UNESCO materials. quent evolution, of the World such as education projects Doping Code. He also said focusing on youth and sport He said there is increased WADA is engaged in many organizations, policies that understanding of anti-doping key activities, including scien- advice including assistance and Youth athletes are now tific and social science research, to administrative practices, aware of their roles and respon- education, athletic outreach, policies, regulations and leg- sibilities with regard to doping. anti-doping capacity building, islations for anti-doping and Various Ministries, Depart- enforcement and monitoring also the anti-doping mentor- ments and other Organiza- Code implementation. Semi- ing and capacity development tions in youth sport are willing nar participants were informed including the establishment to assist in large scale imple- that WADA is not a testing of a National Anti-Doping mentation of the project and agency. The Code is the docu- Organization (NADO). young athletes are now aware ment that works to ensure of the health consequences that anti-doping regulations He talked about the Clean of doping. are the same across all sports Sport, which he said aims to and all countries. educate young athletes on He said there were chal- key anti-doping issues, which lenges and lessons learnt by He said pursuant to the helps them understand their most teachers/coaches but Code, Governments subse- responsibilities and to support before, they were not aware

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

of their roles and responsi- Culture (DAC), Definition of UNESCO/FLANDERS – IN bilities in anti-doping cam- Culture in Botswana Context, – TRUST FUNDING supported paigns and also there is no Programmes and Projects and a number of activities aimed anti-doping education cam- finally Projects in Collabo- at strengthening implemen- paign in the different sport ration with UNESCO. tation of the Convention which structures for youth sport included Policy Review, Media (National Sport Association The Ag Director informed workshop, National ICH Com- and other agencies involved the participants that Botswana mittee Workshop and Stake- in sport development). He ratified the 2003 Convention holder workshop. also touched on the coopera- on Safeguard the Intangible tion with other organizations Cultural Heritage (ICH) in He finally informed the such as the Department of July 2010. The reason for rati- participants that District ICH Basic Education in the Min- fying were that Botswana Committees have been formed istry of Education and Skills agrees with the Purpose of in the following District as Development through their the Convention because it an effort to facilitate imple- Regional Education structures will enhance promotion of mentation of the Convention released teachers to attend primarily: throughout the country: seminars and also the BISA • Botswana’s Cultural Diversity. • Kgatleng District – functional. willing to incorporate Anti- • Recognition of culture as • Chobe District – functional. Doping education in their an important dimension to • North East District – formed annual calendar of activities. Development. (2012) and to be trained on • The premium placed on the Convention. Projects in culture and Botswana’s Soci- • Charles Hill – formed Collaboration with etal Values – Botho, Bonatla, (2012) and to be trained on UNESCO – Department of Mutual Respect, Boipelego. the Convention. Arts and Culture • Conformity to International • Tlokweng – to be finalised The Ag Director of the Standards. and trained. Department of Arts and Cul- ture, Mr Dean Molebatsi made He said the implementa- Learning Cities a presentation on UNESCO tion of the Convention started A presentation on the Projects and Programmes with funding of a pilot project Learning Cities was done by under Major Programme IV by UNESCO in Kgatleng Dis- Mayor of Selebi Phikwe City – Culture. trict in 2010 and 3 Elements Council Honourable Tebogo were then submitted for pos- Matlhogonolo. He shared the mandate sible listing: Kitso ya go Bopa of the Department of Arts and Dinkgwana tsa Sekgatla, Moropa He explained what that a wa Bojale and Dikopelo. Learning City is a city that effectively mobilizes its resources Kitso ya go bopa dinkgwana in every sector to achieve; Pro- tsa Sekgatla has since been motion of inclusive learning inscribed as an ICH element from basic to higher educa- in Need of Urgent Safeguard- tion; Re-vitalize learning in ing on 4th December 2012. The families and communities; other two have not been suc- Facilitate learning for and in cessful however, they are being the workplace; Extend the use considered for resubmission. of modern learning technologies; Enhance equality and In 2011, UNESCO funded excellence in learning, and to Chobe District Community nurture a culture of learning ICH Inventory and Submis- throughout life. sion of Nomination Files to UNESCO by 31 March 2012 Learning City will there- on Seperu Folkdance, its asso- fore create and reinforce indi- ciated traditions and practices. vidual empowerment and Ag Director, Department of Arts and Culture The nomination did not pass social cohesion, economic Mr Dean Molebatsi. He made a presentation on and it is also considered for and cultural prosperity and safeguarding ICH in Botswana. resubmission. sustainable development.

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itage Site through the help of UNESCO and Okavango Delta has been nominated as the second Site to be listed as World Heritage Property. UNESCO will make the decision on whether to list the Okavango Delta as a World Heritage Site or not in June 2014. He further indicated that other UNESCO projects include Associated Schools Network Project (ASPNET) that Mayor of Selebi Phikwe Town Council, HonourableTebogo Matlhogonolo promote the use of ICT in making a presenatation on the Learning Cities. Learning. He pointed out that the project is implemented He went on to explain best be activated through in one of the school in Chobe that in building of a learning the insightful and expan- district namely Chobe Junior society, national governments sion of the talents, experience Secondary School. He also have a major role to play in and expertise that people explained that the aim of the setting the agenda and vision. bring to it. project on the other hand is However, it is in the regions, to coordinate and encourage cities and communities that He said since a Learning activities aimed at devel- the concrete implementation City will facilitate lifelong oping education for inter- of lifelong learning policies learning for all and realize national understanding and actually takes place. the universal right to educa- cooperation. tion, building such a city has Therefore, a learning soci- a far reaching appeal. ety can only be built region by region, city by city and Closing Remarks community by community. In his closing remarks, the Coordinator of Botswana He added that Cities offer Education Hub – Mr Lucky T a more favorable setting for Moahi, told participants that the resolution of economic, Botswana as a member of social and environmental the United Nations Educa- problems than do rural areas; tional, Scientific and Cultural Cities generate jobs and income Organization (UNESCO) must hence rural urban migra- highly benefit. He empha- tion; with good governance, sized this point during the cities can deliver education, UNESCO capacity building health care and other services seminar for local authorities more efficiently than less in Kasane. He outlined the densely settled areas, simply UNESCO participation pro- because of their advantage grams as one of the ways Coordinator of Botswana Education Hub, Mr Lucky of scale and proximity; Cities that the country can benefit T Moahi giving closing Remarks. also present opportunities for from the UNESCO affiliation. greater social mobility and He admitted however, gender equality. In addition, He mentioned the five (5) that most of Batswana are human capital formation main lines of action, namely: not aware of the mandate of is a pre-requisite for urban Education, Communication, UNESCO and how they can development and regions and Science, Culture and Human better utilize their country’s cities are the more appro- and Social Science as the areas membership, hence the need priate organizations for the through which requests for for information dissemina- interface between the growth funds are made available. He tion about the organization and mobilization of human also stated that Tsodilo Hills through such seminars. capital. A dynamic city can were listed as a World Her- ■

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Pre-Retirement Switch

Introducing the Pre-Retirement Switch, an option suitable for individuals who are nearing retirement. The Pre-Retirement Switch is aimed at members who are left with a maximum of 3 years to retirement.

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Head Office Francistown Regional Office Kang Regional Office Private Bag 00195, Gaborone Private Bag 0053, Francistown Private Bag 003, Kang Plot 61920, Letsema Office Park, Plot 469/70 Mangole aa leswe building Plot 659 Unit 3 Gamonyemana ward Fairgrounds Blue Jacket Street Tel: +267 6517340 Tel: +267 3158422/ 3911445 Tel: +267 2412562 Fax: +267 6517005 Fax: +267 3912066 Fax: +267 2412583

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Sub-Regional Training Seminar for Officials of National Commissions for UNESCO from Southern Africa 15-18 September, 2014, Sunbird Capital Hotel Lilongwe, Malawi

Participants - Sub Regional Seminar, for National Commissions.

Introduction Commissions with the prin- Botswana attended the cipal objective of creating third sub-regional capacity a better understanding of building training seminar for UNESCO’s mission, its gov- Secretaries General of the erning bodies, programme UNESCO National Commis- operations and activities. sions and their staff from Ultimately, it was expected 15th to 18th September, 2014 that a better understanding at Sunbird Capital Hotel, in would lead to improved coop- Sectoral Office for Southern Lilongwe, Malawi. eration and innovative exe- Africa and two volunteers from cution and implementation the South Korean National The seminar was made of activities in UNESCO’s fields Commission for UNESCO possible through financial of competence. BRIDGE Project. support from UNESCO Partic- ipation Programme support In addition to Botswana, Official Opening for the 2014-15 biennium and the seminar was attended The official opening of from the German National by National Commissions the seminar was done by the Commission for UNESCO. for UNESCO from Lesotho, Deputy Minister of Education, The goal of the seminar was Malawi, Mozambique, Nami- Honourable Vincent Ghambi, to act as a platform for shar- bia, South Africa, Swaziland, M.P. who was accompanied ing knowledge, information Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Also by the Principal Secretary for and experiences relating to in attendance was a represen- Basic and Secondary Educa- UNESCO and the National tative of the UNESCO Multi tion in the Ministry of Educa-

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

tion, Science and Technology, Before the Deputy Min- of the official representing the Ms Thokozire Banda. The ister performed the official Director of the UNESCO Multi Honourable Minister wel- opening function, the Princi- Sectoral Office in Harare, comed participants from the pal Secretary for Basic and Mr. Roger Bashizi. sister National Commissions Secondary Education, Ms. (NATCOMs) to Malawi and Thokozire Banda extended a Country advised the participants to warm welcome to colleagues Presentations perceive the importance of from the sub-region. She men- the meeting within the frame- tioned that she was aware of Proposals for areas of specific work of SADC, AU and other the role of NATCOMs and that cooperation among National networks and not as a stand- each NATCOM has a unique Commissions of the Southern alone meeting of NATCOMs. experience in implementing Africa Sub-Region He urged the participants to UNESCO programmes which Each National Commission map out common areas of makes it necessary to share made a presentation describ- interest with other NATCOMs, such experiences. She men- ing programme activities that within and beyond the region. tioned that she was aware that they were involved in with He posed 6 questions which UNESCO was going through other National Commissions he thought participants might reforms among which was in the sub-region or beyond want to answer: What have the establishment of a Multi the region. The NATCOMs been our successes? How can Sectoral Office for Southern were also expected to pro- these successes be evaluated? Africa (MSOA). She wished pose some areas of cooper- What should be the aim of Prof. Luc Rukingama, Director ation that the NATCOMs of networking among National of the MSOA best wishes as the region could be engaged Commissions of the sub- he goes on his retirement. in and to indicate possible region? What should be the sources of resources to support substance, spirit and context Prior to the Principal Sec- the cooperation. Key issues of networking and how can retary’s remarks, the Execu- that emanated from the pre- our experiences be made more tive Secretary of the Malawi sentations and the discussions useful? How can the multi- National Commission for that followed are summa- task character of NATCOMs UNESCO, Dr. Francis Mkan- rized below: be balanced nationally, region- dawire gave some remarks. ally and internationally? And He stated that the seminar • Realising the crucial role how can NATCOMs’ roles as was the third in the series of that Ministers and author- policy advisers; programme capacity building meetings for ities responsible for relations initiators and implementers NATCOMs in the sub-region. with UNESCO play in matters be optimised? concerning the NATCOMs, The other two were held the meeting agreed to find a The Honourable Minister in Namibia and Botswana in strategy on how to sensitise called upon UNESCO to cham- 2012 and 2013 respectively. the Ministers and the author- pion, within the context of the He informed the gathering ities on what UNESCO is and post 2015 agenda, the promo- about the financial support how it functions. tion of education, freedom of provided by the German expression for poverty eradi- National Commission to the • Participants emphasised cation, sustainable develop- seminar. He thanked the Ger- the need to have one voice ment and lasting peace at mans for the financial and in the sub region on UNESCO international, regional and technical support they have matters. Further, participants national level. He also empha- continued rendering to the sub- expressed concern that the sised the importance of Sci- region in the capacity build- sub-region was not doing well ence, Technology and Inno- ing process of the NATCOMs in terms of its attendance in vation (STI) as a development since the first meeting of the crucial meetings of UNESCO multiplier. Turning to culture, NATCOMs which was held in and other international meet- he pointed out that culture 2012 in Namibia. The Execu- ings. Participants therefore brings about sustainable tive Secretary acknowledged agreed to draft a resolution for development by making it the presence of the Korean the attention of governments relevant to people, i.e. devel- National Commission BRIDGE in the sub-region to support opment of the people, for the Project Volunteers. He also NATCOMs and to facilitate people and by the people. acknowledged the presence the participation of NATCOMs

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to such meetings for the ben- Presentation by UNESCO in their NATCOMs found the efit of NATCOMS and their Harare Representative - presentation and the discus- respective governments. By Mr. Rojer Bashizi, sions very enlightening. Finance and Administrative • The meeting appreciated Officer Resolutions the support and cooperation The paper by Mr. Rojer The meeting made three provided by the German Bashizi covered areas of finan- resolutions as follows: National Commission for cial aspects in the preparation, Resolution 1: Participants UNESCO in supporting the execution and retirement of proposed a meeting of Chair- NATCOMs of the sub-region projects under the Regular persons and Secretaries Gen- in capacity building activ- Programme, Participation eral of National Commissions ities through the training Programme and the Extra- in the sub-region for the Pre seminars, staff exchange, Budgetary arrangements. He and Post General Conference information sharing and the outlined the financing arrange- deliberations. German volunteer Kulturweit ments that UNESCO has and programme. The meeting also the terms and conditions Resolution 2: The meeting appreciated the support that thereof, i.e. Activity contract, proposed annual meetings of the Korean National Commis- Financing contract, and Con- Secretaries General of coun- sion for UNESCO is providing sultant contract. tries in the sub-region to be to countries in the sub-region convened by the Director of through the BRIDGE and BEAR During discussions after the Multi Sectoral Office for programmes. Realising the the presentations, partici- Southern Africa. need to involve more partners, pants sought clarification on participants agreed to broaden a number of points ranging Resolution 3: The meeting the network and encourage from prioritisation of activity also resolved that a meeting participation of other partners programmes in the work plan should be called in December such as Belgium, the UK and of UNESCO for a particular 2014 at the Multi Sectoral the Commonwealth. country, reporting format, Office for Southern Africa in Harare for Secretaries Gen- eral to interact with the new UNESCO Director and also to bid farewell to the Director who is retiring.

Areas of Cooperation to be jointly implemented by the NATCOMs Participants discussed in groups and plenary session areas of cooperation to be implemented jointly as part of the capacity building process of the NATCOMs. The agreed areas of cooperation were based on what the NATCOMs had agreed in 2012 in Namibia as areas for capacity building, namely: • Capacity building in: • Project proposal writing; • Project implementation, • The meeting congratulated bank interest charges, and monitoring and evaluation; Botswana for having Oka- the role of NATCOMs in con- • Project management; vango Delta listed as a World tracts signed between UNESCO • Partnerships and resource Heritage Site (WHS) in the last and other partners other than mobilisation; World Heritage Committee the NATCOM. Participants, • Financial management; (WHC) session held in Qatar. especially those that were new • Staff exchange;

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• Public relations and mar- Through joint imple- lined in annex 1, the capacity keting; mentation of the agreed pro- and competencies of the • Youth Programmes; gramme of activities, as out- NATCOMs will be enhanced. • International cooperation; • Language training; and Annex 1: A Matrix of Areas of Cooperation Agreed • Training in International at the Sub-Regional Training Seminar Held in Malawi, Relations and Diplomacy. September, 2014

AREA OF ACTIVITY NATCOMS TO INSTITUTIONS SOURCE TIME RESPONSIBILITY COOPERATION BE INVOLVED TO BE INVOLVED OF FUNDING FRAME

1. CAPACITY Provide training for NATCOM Staff All NATCOMS - UNESCO (HQ) - UNESCO (HQ) 2015/16 RSA(as decided in BUILDING - German Natcom - Governments Botswana) with SG’s financial staff, all programme - Korean Natcom - Other Namibia officers, librarians - Belgium Natcom cooperation - Int. Partners/ partners Equipment NGOs Interactions with Academics - Private sector stakeholders Data collection - Churches

2. JOINT Organize joint planning All NATCOMs UNESCO (MRSO) UNESCO (HQ) 2015/16 Zimbabwe PLANNING & Meetings - Governments IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMES/ PROJECTS

3. INFORMATION Regional newsletter Website All NATCOMS • Governments • Governments 2015/16 Zambia SHARING Social media page MSRO (all • UNESCO (HQ) • UNESCO (HQ) NATCOMS to • cooperating • cooperating provide partners partners information)

4. COORDINATION Efficient and effective All NATCOMS - All relevant line No separate Immediate Zimbabwe & communication as Southern MSRO Ministries, funds needed REPRESENTATION Region NATCOM - Southern Africa Identify a NATCOM to serve as Permanent Coordinator for the Southern Delegates Region Sharing of Annual Plans & Scheduled Meetings

5. PRE & POST Organize consultative All NATCOMs Governments Governments 2015 CONFERENCE Meetings REGIONAL Convene a brainstorming CONSULTATION/ meeting on post 2015 agenda COORDINATION & REPRESENTATION

6. ASPnet Meeting of Programme Officers All NATCOMs Private Sector/ UNESCO November 2014 Mozambique and ASPnet coordinators, exchange Stakeholders Japan (Namibia, of ideas through email NATCOM Feb.2015 Senior Swaziland and - Exchange programmes for Programme Botswana) Staff & Learners ASPnet Officers of Education to meet and exchange

7. ICH – Workshops All NATCOMs Private Sector / - UNESCO Malawi INTANGIBLE Flanders Japan

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CULTURAL - Stakeholders NATCOM HERITAGE Flanders

8. POST 2015 All NATCOMs Harare Regional UNESCO Swaziland AGENDA Office NATCOM National Governments Stakeholders

9. COMMUNICATION Africa Centre of Excellence for All NATCOMs University of UNESCO Being piloted Republic of South Information Ethics MSRO Pretoria MSRO (Namibia, Africa and Lesotho Republic of South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique)

10. EDUCATION Cooperation in Education. All NATCOMs All relevant Private sector Feb.2015 Senior e.g. Post 2015 EFA agenda, Ministries (project Programme Second wave of Global proposals), Officers of Action Programme on Governments Education to Education for Sustainable NGOs meet and development exchange

11. NATURAL Cooperation in Natural Sciences e.g. All NATCOMs - Departments of - Private sector, On going Zimbabwe SCIENCES (STI policy issues, Man & Biosphere MSRO Environment - NGOs activities of the shared reserves) - Relevant - Local Ministries Governments - UNESCO

12. SOCIAL & Cooperation in Social & All NATCOMs Governments, Governments, 2016 Malawi HUMAN Human Sciences e.g. (regional Universities, UNESCO, SCIENCES bioethical issues, democratization research German processes, gender equity, youth institutions, Natcom, development, human rights, human rights INGOs, a culture of peace, antidoping institutions & in sports, celebration of NGOs World Philosophy Day)

Closing to the Principal Secretary for Date and Venue Session Basic and Secondary Educa- of Next Meeting The Secretary General of tion, Ms. Thokozire Banda The meeting recalled the Zimbabwe, Dr. Temba Ndlovu for raising the profile of the resolution that was adopted who is also the current coor- seminar with their presence at the special meeting of the dinator of Secretary Generals and speeches at the opening Secretaries- General on the of the sub-region gave a vote ceremony. Dr. Ndlovu thanked rotation of the upcoming of thanks on behalf of all the German NATCOM and seminars/workshop among NATCOMs. In his remarks the South Korean NATCOM participating countries. Par- he thanked the Secretary for the support they give to ticipants further recalled and General of Malawi NATCOM NATCOMs of the sub-region. unanimously agreed to what for the efficient manner in He thanked the Chairperson was resolved at the Botswana which all activities pertaining of the last session, Ms. Brenda meeting that after Malawi, to the seminar were done. Muntemba, Secretary General the next meeting was to be He requested the NATCOM of Zambia for expertly guiding hosted by South Africa. Secretary General of Malawi the discussions of the session ■ to extend the word of thanks which formed the basis of the to the Deputy Minister, Hon- next line of action for the ourable Vincent Ghambi and NATCOMs.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

The Education Programme Committee of the Botswana National Commission For UNESCO

by D.B. Modimakwane

Botswana National the Legal Texts on National Secretary in the Ministry of Commission for UNESCO Commission which dictates Education and Skills Devel- Three years after joining the structure and composition opment appointed members the UNESCO family as a Mem- of the National Commission of Botswana National Com- ber State in 1980, Botswana for UNESCO while Member mission for UNESCO Educa- established her National Com- States are given the right to tion Programme Committee mission for UNESCO through decide on the mode of opera- on 17th September 2014. The Presidential Directive CAB tion for their National Com- fifteen member committee is 21/83 of 1983, as a Govern- missions, thus making a deci- composed of high-level staff mental Commission based sion on whether the National and intellectuals from govern- within the Ministry of Educa- Commission will be a: ment, non-governmental tion and Skills Development. • Governmental Commission and civil society organiza- The establishment of Botswana functioning as a unit within a tions actively involved in the National Commission for government ministry or within development of education in UNESCO was in response to a ministerial department; Botswana either through Article VII of UNESCO’s Con- • Semi-autonomous commis- policy, advocacy, lobbying, stitution which stipulates that sion, or; research or information shar- each member state shall form • Autonomous commission. ing both at national and a National Commission with international levels. a broad representation from Establishment of Botswana principal bodies with interest National Commission for The Launch of the in educational, scientific and UNESCO Education Education Programme cultural matters. Programme Committee Committee In order to effectively imple- Following the appoint- The establishment of the ment UNESCO’s programmes ment of the Education Pro- National Commissions for at National level, Mrs Grace gramme Committee, the then UNESCO is also guided by Muzila, the then Permanent Permanent Secretary in the

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Ministry of Education and eral Conference, it came out to sub-regional, regional and Skills Development, Mrs Grace clearly that Education For All global priorities. She said for Muzila officially launched goals were unlikely to be met effective implementation of the committee in a high level within the remaining period their mandate, there is a need forum organized by Botswana before 2015. As a result, to set up various Thematic National Commission for Member States were encour- Working Groups across the UNESCO in collaboration aged to start planning for the Education Programme Area with the Ministry of Education Post 2015 Education Agenda including using the already and Skills Development at with specific reference to the existing structures. Phakalane Resort and Golf quality and relevance of edu- Estate on 6th December 2013. cation, Skills development Inaugural Meeting and gender equality. She also of the Education In her official statement indicated that, in the quest Programme Committee to launch the committee, Mrs to deliver on the global pri- Immediately after the Muzila indicated that there orities, the Education Pro- launch, the Education Pro- is a range of opportunities gramme Committee must gramme Committee held its for Botswana to benefit from ensure that Botswana equally inaugural meeting to famil- her membership to UNESCO delivers on the regional and iarize itself with UNESCO’s

Members of and that it is the responsi- sub-regional priorities as well, mandate with particular the education bility of the Education Pro- emphasizing the need to also emphasis on the education committee gramme Committee to ensure deliver on the ‘last big push’ commission initiatives and to during the that Botswana’s benefit from priorities identified during develop the readiness needed inaugural UNESCO and the rest of the the July 2013 Sub Regional to carry out its mandate. meeting. UN family is maximized espe- Seminar for National Com- cially in the area of education, missions of UNESCO of the Strategic approach where a lot still needs to be Southern Africa Sub Region The approach used involved done. She emphasize that held under the theme ‘Africa presentations and discus- Botswana’s benefit is linked First – Education First’. She sions on: to her delivery on critical said, in order to ensure a col- priorities anchored on the lective effort towards an accel- • Terms of Reference of the decisions taken by the United erated progress towards the Education Programme Com- Nations General Assembly achievement of EFA Goals in mittee; and delegated to UNESCO as the Sub Region, the Southern • UNESCO Mandate; a specialised agency of the African Sub Region identified • The role of the National UN System during its General goals 1 and 6 as priorities for Commission; Conferences, including the the ‘Last Big Push’ for the • Conclusions made by the just ended 37th Session of achievement of EFA goals. Education Commission during UNESCO General Conference. the 37th Session of UNESCO In her conclusion, she General Conference; The permanent Secretary encouraged the committee • Education related global indicated that, during the to ensure alignment of Bots- and regional priorities; 37th session of UNESCO Gen- wana’s education initiatives • Chairperson’s road map.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

The purpose of these pre- • Access to specific areas of • Both Government and Non- sentations was to provide back- tertiary education. Governmental Organizations ground information and to share the responsibility of initiate effective discussions to Professor Mpuchane how- ECCE provision. ensure proper understanding ever emphasized the need • There are good ECCE policies of UNESCO’s mandate and the for an in-depth analysis of with a clear monitoring and role the committee is expected Botswana’s current position evaluation system. to play in executing that man- in the achievement of Educa- date at national level. tion For All, indicating that Concerning the Quality the analysis is critical in of Education, Dr. Qian Tang Discussions directing future educational said, that: and outcomes planning. She also indicated • Nowadays people have Sharing the conclusions the need to identify lessons shifted their attention to inputs made from Botswana’s EFA that Botswana can learn from instead of outputs. As a result, Profile and how it relates to other players both at regional education providers should the role the committee is and global levels. also align themselves to this expected to play in facilitating new development. implementation of UNESCO’s Education Programme • There is also a need to look mandate in the area of edu- Committee Members appre- into the outcomes, how do we cation, the Chairperson Pro- ciated the presentations and measure education outcome? fessor S. Mpuchane said the discussions around them, • We need to know what fac- Botswana was ranked num- saying they gave them a bet- tors affect quality. ber 4 out of 28 African counter understanding of their • We also need to establish tries. She noted that the key mandate. regional and global cooper- indicators of success were in ation aimed at improving the areas of access and gender ADG/Education Address quality. equality in education. She said, Botswana National despite progress made, there Commission for UNESCO is still a need for improvement Education Programme in some areas, including: Committee • Early Childhood Care and On 12th February 2014, Education; the Education Programme • The quality of education as Committee had an opportu- evidenced by the downward nity to meet with the UNESCO trend in student performance; Assistant Director-General/ Education, Dr. Qian Tang in a special session during his visit to Botswana. In his address, the ADG/Education touched on pertinent issues relating to the mandate of the committee Concerning Higher Edu- Dr. Qian Tang. as well as specific issues of con- cation, Dr. Qian Tang said: cern relating to Botswana’s • There is a need to improve education. Some of the criti- the quality of higher educa- cal issues he raised centered tion and to harmonize and around three critical themes recognize University Degrees as indicated below: for ease of credit transfers. • There is also a need for Concerning Early Child- Member States to revise and hood Care and Education, sign the Arusha Convention Dr. Qian Tang indicated the on Higher Education. need to ensure that: ■ • ECCE programmes are of good quality. • Programmes offered strike a balance between care and the curriculum.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Human Resource Development Council (HRDC) in Overview

The Human Resource Development Council to enable them to play a full and meaningful (HRDC) is responsible for providing policy role in their community, society and the world. advice on all matters of national human HRDC is therefore engaged on projects which resource development: coordination and drive towards achieving the NHRDS vision promotion of the implementation of the that in 2022, it will be universally accepted National Human Resource Development that the quality, productivity and motivation of Strategy (NHRDS); development of the its people will be Botswana’s single greatest National and Sector Human Resource and most valuable resource. Some of the Development (HRD) Plans and Planning and strategic functions that the council is advising on tertiary education financing and undertaking to implement the National Human workplace learning. Resource Strategy include:

In implementing the National Human National and Sector Human Resource Resource Development Strategy, the Council Development Planning is focused on encouraging each citizen to The Human Resource Development Council realising their individual potentials, through an (HRDC) has adopted a Human Resource approach which balances need and capability Development (HRD) Planning Approach which entails both National and Sector-based HRD achieving the National Human Resource planning and is demand/industry driven. The Development Strategy. approach is a divergence from the Manpower Planning Approach which used to be Botswana Tertiary Education Fair (BTEF) undertaken by the Ministry of Finance and The Botswana Tertiary Education Fair (BTEF) Development Planning until 1987. The HRDC is a strategic stakeholder engagement activity has commenced development of geared towards marketing the tertiary Sector-based Human Resource Development education sector in Botswana. The BTEF was Plans through Sector HRD Committees. The first introduced by the Council and its partners HRD Plans are aimed at addressing the in March 2010 as an Annual event. The noble misalignment between the supply of event brings together various stakeholders graduates and the demand for skills from the among them registered Tertiary Institutions labour market, which has been identified as (TEI’s), current and prospective students, one of the problems contributing to graduate tertiary education providers/institutions outside unemployment in the country. Botswana, regulatory bodies in Botswana, Government departments, financial To help drive the implementation of the HRD institutions, private and business sector. This Planning, the council has established Sector noble initiative was enhanced two years ago HRD Committees which are responsible for using the binary approach by embedding the ensuring that there is a direct linkage between component of the Conference. The Botswana the skills developed and the needs of the fast Tertiary Education Conference (BTEC) seeks changing economy. Sector HRD Committees to convene strategic audiences under one roof are key strategic sectors of the economy and to reflect on strategic issues of the tertiary partnerships that work together to form a education sector. strategic collaborative alliance. They provide an excellent opportunity for a pan-sector The BTEF aims to: collaborative approach to human resource • Promote the tertiary education sector in development planning which strengthens the Botswana; commitment of Government, Employers, • Offer the exhibitors from different TEIs and Workers, Educators, and Civil Society to work potential students the opportunity to actively together in addressing Botswana’s HRD interact and identify the career choices in challenges. programmes of study offered in each institution; Workplace Learning • Advise the Botswana General Certificate of The Human Resource Development Council is Secondary Education (BGCSE) school also responsible among others to provide leavers on marketable and demand driven advice on the management and planning of careers in Botswana; Workplace Learning and reimbursement of • Stimulate quality education amongst the employers through the Human Resource public and private TEIs in ensuring that they Development Fund. Through a sound adhere to delivering quality education in Workplace Learning plan, the council aims to: Botswana; • Support and Promote acquisition of relevant • Attract foreign students to study in Botswana skills at workplace; through ‘Study in Botswana’ campaign driven • Align skills and competencies to the skills by Botswana Education Hub (BEH). training Plan as informed by the National and Sector Human Resource Development Plans; • Promote and encourage research and innovation initiatives geared towards

For more information contact: Plot 60118, Block 7, Ext 48 Private Bag BR108, Gaborone, Botswana Tel: +267 393 0741 - Cell: +267 734 75204 - Fax: +267 393 0740, Email: [email protected] - Website: www.hrdc.org.bw

hrdc.bw @hrdc.bw BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

International Forum on Science of Learning and Innovation in Education March 1-6, 2014, Shanghai, China

Botswana participated in the Interna- tional Convention on Science of Learning and Innovation in Education. The delegation included the following: • Oteng B. Mokowe – Deputy Secretary General, Botswana National Commis- sion for UNESCO; • Ms Constance Male – School Head St. Joseph’s College; • Mr Joshua Nkarabang – School Head Orapa Junior Secondary School.

The International Convention was sponsored by the USA National by Oteng Basimolodi Mokowe Science Foundation, United Nation’s UNESCO, OECD (Paris, France). Deputy Secretary General, The University of Hong Kong, East China Normal University, and the Botswana National Commission for UNESCO University of Shangai.

Concept on Science opment, and the capacity of educational practice to raise of Learning a nation to compete is a world questions that test and refine As societies become pro- of globalized economies and research being conducted gressively knowledge – inten- labour markets. in learning. sive, they increasingly rely on human capabilities to A primary driver of edu- Two major issues that learn and innovate. How each cational innovation is a basic needed to be addressed were; nation’s education system research focused on how • Knowledge about learning prepares or fails to prepare humans learn. The challenge is often not shared or inte- its citizenry to meet these chal- is; how to effectively use grated across disciplinary lenges are topics of domestic research about how people boundaries, even though and global interest. Learning learn to inform educational many disciplines actively con- and innovation are critical policy and practice and conduct research on this impor- to the broader concerns of versely, how to use knowledge tant topic. These disconnects human and national devel- and experience gained from stand in the way of a holistic

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

and deeper understanding of learning which can lead to premature interpretation or inappropriate applications of research findings. A science of learning that promotes integrative, interdisciplinary approaches to synergistically address the many complexities surrounding learning is the inspiration to bring research about learning to the next level of effort, commitment and achievement. It will foster ability of diverse teams of researchers to create common platforms of conceptualiza- tion and explanation that catalyze new lines of thinking • To promote high level discus- Objectives and investigation to overcome sion among researchers, prac- The objectives of the con- complexities about learning titioners and policy makers ference were; that have long eluded our about recent research on how • To showcase the USA’s understanding. people learn and their impli- advances in the discipline of • While there is implicit accept- cation for policy and practice. the Science of Learning and ance that knowledge about • To foster the development of to identify how we can make how people learn should be an international network on this new science knowledge the foundation for how we the broad theme of learning most useful to the world. teach and educate, the reality so as to continue the dialogue • To provide tangible evidence is that researchers, education among research, policy and to countries of the importance policy makers and educa- practice communities for over- of funding the establishment tion practitioners rarely have coming key challenges. of Science of Science of Learn- opportunity to examine and • To globalize and mobilise ing and Science of Learning discuss the issue surrounding the field of an integrative, research in the respective application of evidence-based multidisciplinary Science of countries. learning practices. Learning by strengthening • To promote optional learn- and exploring new collabo- ing and education in all young Goals rations among U.S research- children in the participating The conference pursued ers and their international countries and, ultimately, in the following goals; counterparts. the children of the world.

Science of Learning Symposium on March 1, 2014 This Symposium highlighted exciting research about learning in the United States, Asia and Europe that cut across many disciplines, levels of analysis, and contents to include: cellular, molec- ular basis of learning, brain systems of learning, behavioral and cognitive aspects of learning, social-cultural influences on learning, individual differences in learning, use of technology to enhance

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

learning, developmental share ideas and experiences, International Forum on aspects of learning across the and to know each other. This Science of Learning and lifespan, learning in and out event will serve as a bridge Innovation in Education of the classroom. between the Science Sym- March 5-6, 2014 posium on March 1 to the The Forum, organized by International Round Dialog on March 3-4. East China Normal University, Table on March 2, 2014 aimed to further the dissem- The International Round- Dialogue on Science of ination of recent research on table was an optional activity Learning – How can it how people learn and the for Convention participants. make a difference? dialogue on how science of It is designed to provide an On March 3-4, 2014 learning can make a differ- opportunity for participants There were four sessions ence in educational policy to get to know system level on March 3-4 for the Dialogue. and practice. The topics pri- developments in education The overall aim of the session marily include: • frontier of Science of Learning, • how Science of Learning makes differences in educational practice, • how Science of Learning makes differences in educational policy, and • how Science of Learning makes differences in teacher education.

The Botswana delegation participated fully in all the dialogues. This was a high profile International Conven- tion on Science Learning that brought Science Researchers or Brains of the West and East under one roof. The debates were very informative and one could see the wide scope of Learning Science especial the development of the human as it is affected by different environments as highlighted by the Scientists. The environments as deliberated included: • Social Influences on Learning, • Neuroplasticity, • Technologies of Learning. in Shangai, be introduced to was to address the thematic Conclusions the strategic developments at question: How can Science of The following consensus East China Normal Univer- Learning make a difference were made at the Conference; sity, and most important of in practice and policy-making all, to share with each other in education? In so doing the One of the participants the status, developments and target goals of the Dialogue of the Conference was Dr challenges in the area of apply- were to achieve integration in Petito who wrote in her final ing knowledge from learning two dimensions: integration report of the conference that research to different learning among researchers, practi- a consensus was reached that settings and contexts. It will tioners and policy-makers, and the discipline of Education be an informal event when integration among various dis- was in a crisis on the world every participant is invited to ciplines that study learning. stage. Although the use of

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

technology has improved in and to policymaking, both for a Bridge” between Neuro- pockets around the world in their country and at the science Research and Educa- (presence of computers in the world level. Using a medical tion, Practice and Policy. classroom), the discipline model to advance the disci- of Education has failed to pline of Education was widely Resolutions provide usable knowledge in rejected. (children are not The following were some how to provide optimal learn- sick and are not needing to of the resolutions made; ing, equitable learning and get well). Instead a biological • It was agreed that Neuro- equality of learning to all model was deemed most science /Science of Learning children around the world, appropriate. Hence the vital, is the revolutionary answer to and it has further failed to crucial role for neuroscience/ advancing Education however, provide important principles brain sciences as the vehicle bridges are needed between of teaching to promote optimal for advancing the discipline Neuroscience and Education. and culturally-sensitive teach- of Education. At the world level, trained ing and learning strategies experts who understand the for children around the world. The third consensus was basics of Neuroscience and In addition to that the Head that mechanism for educa- who understand the chal- of Ministry of Education in tional change in countries, lenges in education and who Hongkong, China, said that specifically. Educational policy can go from neuroscience to “Society is different from 100 was in a crisis. education and back. years ago, therefore the discipline of education has to The Major Scientific theme • Another consensus reached be different. Yet the discipline that ran through all the pre- was that there is need to broa- of Education has failed to keep sentations was that the human den the sphere of influence. up with societal changes.” brain is highly responsive and There is a need for mechanism adaptable to its environment to reach parents, teachers, Another consensus reached and that this knowledge can medical practitioners, clini- was that Neuroscience/ Science be applied to establishing opti- cians, policy makers and the of learning can provide the mal learning environments public, this is also needed as fundamental mechanism to for the developing child. a two- way process as well. revoluntionalise the old dis- Public knowledge and aware- cipline of Education, Education The core challenge iden- ness must be built. Gallaudet Policy, and teaching practices tified was how to connect the University and VL2 seem to for educating children around expanding bodies of knowl- be already working on the the world. The conference was edge in Neuroscience/Science two-pronged solution. They fascinated and receptive to of Learning with education. have a PhD programme in the role of the Neuroscience/ There was also a call which Education Neuroscience is Science of Learning to improv- was also deemed a priority at truly leading the world. ing education in their countries the world level, for the “need ■

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BBACC SStStandstands OOut

The Botswana Accountancy College is a business school in Botswana established in 1996. BAC asserts itself as a center for excellence in the Southern African region and beyond. The college is characterised by the quality of its programs and their relevance to the global economy. BAC provides the highest quality education in Accountancy, Computing, Business, Leisure, Insurance and TTaaaxation.xation. With twotw main campuses, located in Gaborone and Francistown, the College is led by the Executive Director Mr Michael Lesolle. 1293W BAC strives to provide students with the capabilities from the best pool of global human capital and School of Computing and Information and skills which position theem as future leaders and professional lecturinggg team of the highest calibre. Syystems effffective participators in the ccountry’s wealth creation. ):J /VUZ (WWSPLK )\ZPULZZ *VTW\[PUN Arguably one of only very few tertiary institutions of ):J /VUZ *VTW\[LY :`Z[LTZ ,UNPULLYPUN its kind in the Southern Africanfrican rer egion, BAC offffers Programs a difffferentiated business model underpinned by The Collegeege offffers specialized programs at Postgraduate Programs HKP]LYZPÄLK Z\P[L VM JV\YZL^HYL PU V\Y WVY[MVSPV VM various levels that comprise of, Undergraduate, offfferings. The College has established itself as a Postgraduate, Professional Accounting and 4:J :[YH[LNPJ 4HUHNLTLU[ leader in the tertiary education space and continues professional short courses. These academic 4)( ¶ ((((*(*04( ;;VVW

Over the past few years BAC has developed School of Business & Leisure meaningful and lasting relationships with prominent )( /VUZ (JJV\U[PUN -PUHUJL universities abroad. BAC’s international reach )( /VUZ )\ZPULZZ 4HUHNLTLU[ continues to extend outwards with positive )( /VUZ )\ZPULZZ 3LHKLYZOPW results. With a core strategy of positioning itself ,U[YLWYLUL\YZOPW currently “TToo be a vibrantvibran and leading College )( /VUZ ;;VV\YPZT 4HUHNLTLU[ providing business education, recognised in Africa )( /VUZ 0U[LYUH[PVUHS /VZWP[HSP[` 4HUHNLTLU[ and beyond for commitment to excellence and )( /VUZ 0U[LYUH[PVUHS :HSVVU 4HUHNLTLU[ stakeholder relevance in teaching, research and specialising in Beauty Therapy community engagement”, the College therefore )( /VUZ 0U[LYUH[PVUHS :HSVVU 4HUHNLTLU[ PU]LZ[ZZPNUPÄJHU[S` PU LUZ\YPUN [OH[ P[ WYVJ\YLZ ZWLJPHSPZPUN PU /HPY +YLZZPUN

www.bac.ac.bw

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Project Evaluation Workshop on Inclusive Education Lansmore Hotel, Gaborone, Botswana, November 2013

Introduction/Background Masters’ Program in Special barriers that hamper failure. The Director in the Ministry Education. With or without The policy and systems should of Education and Skills Devel- funding, these countries’ be challenged so that there is opment in the Department projects must be maintained alignment, flexibility openness of Special Support Services and implemented which and collaboration between (DSSS) Mr Mutheto during therefore will develop Africa. the project team leaders and the introduction of the guests On the other hand she men- the policy makers including appreciated all the represen- tioned that where peace is stakeholders. This will make tatives from countries that imparted, development will the project to be affluent. She took part in the November IE always emanate. These partic- concluded by saying that the workshop, (Sweden, Botswana, ipating countries can change project as a whole will affect Namibia and South Africa) the world through three essen- the livelihoods of people the NGO’s, Universities and tial features namely Par- across the world provided the Civil societies. ticipation, Inclusiveness and there has to be inclusion of Democracy. other vital departments such In her welcome remarks, as economists, educationists the Permanent Secretary Mrs There is uniqueness within and other professionals. Grace Muzila emphasized the countries which gives more on enhancing the pro- room for learning from one Overview ject’s sustainability to make another. In addition, this sus- The overall idea was to it an ongoing culture. Inte- tainability can be comple- comprehend the success of gration is the best mechanism mented with monitoring and every represented country, that can be used to enhance evaluation of all the processes their progresses and the short- change in which human of implementation of the comings of their projects. intelligence is coupled with projects which will lead to There has to be a reflection action for evolution, such greater positive impact. Little of future possibilities and as the introduction of the focus should be given to the areas to focus on as a man-

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

date for development. This is so because in issues of IE, Stockholm University: program also looks at issues the teacher is the most essen- Stockholm University such as teacher training in tial component in driving Master’s Degree the IE system in order to be the inclusion agenda, there- • Strategic Plans: Interna- inclusive. On the other hand, fore, in-service training is tionalization Leader in Edu- there has to be development highly a need. cation and Research. of courses or the entire program on Inclusive education Country Presentations In their presentation, they and the training of profes- Masters Programme indicated that the programme sionals. Templates are to be Presentations were made will need an approval process developed in order to gather on the masters program by which includes department’s information from schools all the representatives from board, faculty’s board, and on how inclusivity can be improved, not only in the learning process but in everyday living. Each University presented what they have done and possibilities were to be derived from the differences which in other ways was an exchange of experiences.

The Director of DSSS Bots- wana added that teachers have to be adequately competent in order to drive issues the participating countries then the department would of inclusiveness. They have (Botswana, Namibia, South decide on the courses and Mr Mutheto, to be confident as well as Africa and Sweden). Below is finally approve the courses. Director portraying or practicing the a summary of each country’s of DSSS. element of democracy. This presentation. The admission requirements for this program are Bachelor’s degree, Teacher education qualification, Education teacher/ Special educator.

The program duration would be two years with a minimum of 120 credits, four years (part-time) whereby semesters one and two would be foundational courses. Semester three would be a study abroad with optional courses. Semester four would be an independent thesis work (research-based). The joint- master’s degree is however subject to some emerging issues such as tuition fees, program funding, and issuance of degree certificates, teaching and research competence and credits alignment system. The program should be housed at each university but it would need a collaborative program delivery.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

University of Namibia: at least two years of appro- of this module is to enable Masters in IE: Requirements priate post-bachelors profes- masters in education stu- and possibilities sional experience in IE, edu- dents to learn how to conduct The purpose of the masters cational psychology and/or postgraduate quantitative of education (IE) is to provide special education or equiv- and qualitative research in the cohort of IE experts with alent. This program will only education. the core knowledge and skills be offered on a full-time basis required to teach, consult, for Year one in order for stu- Electives will include com- collaborate, advocate and dents to do the practicum. munication -in deaf studies, evaluate in an inclusive serv- learning difficulties, manag- ice delivery model. The pro- Curriculum framework for ing emotional and behavioral gramme aims to critically Year one credits will include difficulties, visual impairment address current issues in the research methods in educa- and Braille competency, sup- field of IE and to relate these tional psychology and IE, IE porting learners with intel- to practice. Upon successful practicum, IE research project/ lectual impairment, gifted and completion of the programme thesis (as per FoE), theoretical talented learners, orphans and graduates will be knowl- framework for IE (models, vulnerable learners ; children edgeable of relevant legis- discourses, trends, legislation, of farm-workers, children in lation, reports and research policy and resourcing) col- remote areas , street children, evidence; to understand the laboration and teamwork in children in squatter camps and nature and range of special the Inclusive setting such resettlement camps, children educational needs and hold as partnerships, multidisci- who are considered as over- accurately high expectations plinary approach. aged, children of families in of learners’ development and extreme poverty and working learning. To address the inter- In order to craft and man- children, lastly child-headed ests and needs of all learners age the Inclusive learning households. across the developmental environment, the schools spectrum, to have acquired need to create a welcoming Students graduating from enhanced skills in the evalu- environment to have best masters in IE will be able to ation of professional practice practices and attitudes to IE. support for children with in research in the area of The program will also enable extreme health conditions/ inclusive education. To be students to do an assessment chronic illnesses (AIDS, cancer, able to analyze and evaluate and evaluation for learning diabetes, etc.), marginalized/ evidence concerning effective (diagnostic assessment for indigenous communities/ teaching strategies for pro- placement & support, promo- HIV and AIDS in higher edu- moting high quality teaching tional assessment, diagnos- cation and gender and equity and learning for all and to tic assessment for effective inclusion in education. become more responsive to learning). Among others learners’ needs. there will be teaching and Conclusions and recom- learning in differentiated mendations are that the pro- When presenting the entry classrooms (learning support- gramme should address needs requirements of the program, formal and informal sources, in the system that is not Namibia indicated that the accommodations, assistive addressed by any existing pre-requisite for entry in the technology/curriculum devel- programme in the university IE masters is either bachelor opment, assessment and and also to impart practical of education with IE, educa- evaluation for IE. Year two skills, change mindsets in all tional psychology and/or spe- entails 86 credits for semester settings, create inclusive and cial education or equivalent one & two where students democratic schools, homes, (Level 8). This degree should will do a thesis, individual communities and societies. It be obtained with an average supervision project and two was also recommended that course performance of at least days seminars, one in semester an informative research and a 60% or bachelor of edu- one and another in semester implementation strategies cation and a postgraduate two, and 28 hours of prac- will inform and transform diploma in special education/ tical work. Individual mod- teacher-education to move IE obtained from any recog- ule description will focus the agenda for IE and demo- nized University. The pro- on advanced educational cratic practices. Issues to con- gramme will either require research. The main purpose sider when implementing

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

this programme are staff and altogether with implications revealed that learners with resource implications, certi- such as ; it might take up to diverse educational needs are fying institution and pro- three years for the program enrolled, although teachers gramme sustainability. to be approved and staffing, do not possess positive atti- etc. Integrate with the existing tude towards learners with University of Kwazulu-Natal: ones, can start immediately diverse educational needs and Masters of Education Program by engineering the current they do not have adequate on Inclusive Education programs to give the emphasis knowledge and skills to man- When presenting masters wanted but without chang- age these learners. Among of education program on IE ing more than 20% of the others the quality of teaching they indicated that there are existing module templates. –learning experiences is seri- current forms in which IE ously compromised. It was issues are to be addressed. First University of Botswana: also found that substance issue is on gender and educa- Proposal of Masters abuse, bullying, corporal tion, gender diversity, social of Education on punishment were reported constructions of femininities Inclusive Education as main problems experi- and masculinities; feminini- In 2011 government of enced by learners. However ties, masculinities and sexual- Botswana developed IE Policy learners mentioned that the ities and sexual orientations. and it was launched in 2013. schools were not child friendly. Secondly on social justice It is in the process of implemen- Teachers felt that they were education race, racism and tation and needs personnel not adequately prepared for education, education and to implement and provide Inclusive classrooms and that social inequalities generally in-service and pre-service the concept and issues of IE looking at how human and training. It is possible to have has not been dealt compre- social identities/differences Masters of Education on IE hensively by teacher education are used as basis for treatment therefore MOESD requested program. It was also found of others whether preferen- University of Botswana to start that IE is dealt as a topic or tially or otherwise and lastly a Masters in IE by August 2014. a course on special education educational psychology; early This policy aims to enhance that focuses only on learners childhood development, dis- access of all learners, to with exceptionality. ability issues among others. improve quality education They also outlined structure and to promote equity and Participants were mostly of current masters of education democracy. An inclusive school teachers and education offi- programs; first it deals with calls for access, presence, par- cers from three countries understanding research and ticipation, acceptance and namely (Namibia, Botswana then taking three special- achievements for all learners. and South Africa) and the ization modules, proposal past four international work- development module or half- A desktop review was shops also revealed similar dissertation. It can also be done on existing literature sentiments. Hence it was masters by full dissertation. on teacher education pro- recommended that countries gramme, and a case study should offer master’s degree The possibilities for new was conducted in one of the in IE. The rationale of mas- masters of education on IE secondary schools in Botswana ters in IE is that a number are high and what is needed in order to inform master’s of learners with diverse edu- is to develop a new program programme. The findings cational needs and styles are

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

increasing in schools and fication within the four uni- undergraduate programs in teachers are not well equipped versities, the content (theory, IE to allow everyone to enrol with skills. However IE is research methods, the courses regardless of whether they relatively new in Botswana, etc.), the credit system, pro- are teachers or not. As a strat- there is need for professionals, gram duration, its sustain- egy to deliver, research will who would provide leadership ability, competency and tar- be streamlined across all and mentorship locally or geted groups in admission universities with greater regionally in order to conduct and finally who is to host the emphasis on practical issues in-service training to teachers programme. Though some than just being theoretical. and other professionals with ideas are still in the process This can be done through skills and knowledge on IE. of finalization, each country various ways such as pre- IE policy clearly demon- will host the programme and service and in-service train- strates government’s commit- there would be links existing ing for the teachers without ment to improve quality of such as staff exchange which leaving out information dis- education and make the would bring diversity. On the semination to the parents schools’ child friendly. other hand there has to be a and the rest of the society. link of inclusivity to the society They also need to be sensi- The expected duration or to align with the society to tized because inclusivity is of masters of IE in Botswana enhance a common under- for everyone. Therefore, col- as presented by Dr Mukho- standing on IE and for dis- laboration has to be estab- padhyay is as follows; full semination of knowledge. lished between the ministries time study for two years (4 and the training institutions. Semesters) while part-time For the projects to succeed will take 3 - 4 years. The total there has to be collaboration There are key component credits accorded to this course with the society. This was areas to make up the struc- are 48; it is divided into three agreed to be established ture of the program namely, areas or modules. Firstly edu- through capacity building theory, issues of marginal- cational foundations (12 workshops for everyone and ization, management of HIV/ credits), Inclusive Education introducing adequate deliv- AIDS in higher education, (24 credits), Research (12 erance strategies through pedagogy and disability credits). Entry requirements action research. assessment interventions. for the program are bachelor of education or equivalent, PGDE or equivalent or candidates working as special educators or related disciplines in schools or related institution will be preferred. Mrs Grace Muzila, There was a consolidated Permanent discussion on joint master’s Secretary degree program on how pro- of the Ministry ceedings could be made to of Education ensure progress of the project. and Skills Countries are at different Development. levels and there is need to fit Conclusions were reached The courses to be taken should all the diverse efforts made and the full-time duration of include research method- into a full programme. There- the programme was a period ology, competence in collab- fore, there is need to restruc- of two (2) years. Issues of cred- orative work, theories, inclu- ture the arrangements for the iting system are still to be sive pedagogy, management joint master’s programme completed and agreed upon and leadership, policy and and to make adjustments since universities use different teaching for diversity and where necessary. There are crediting systems. As for inclusivity. The director of elements to be considered for funding, Botswana depends DSSS emphasized more on the joint master’s program on its government as well as involving the stakeholders such as issues of assessment other countries (state funded). and policymakers through and who is to provide certi- There is also a need to review workshops. ■

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Introduction

The BotswanaBotswan Nationala Nation Productivityal Produc tCentreivity C entre(BNPC) (BNP was C) was establishedestablished on on 7 January7 Janu a1993ry 1993 to spearhead to spearhe thea Botswanad the Botswana nationalnationa productivityl productiv movement.ity movement.

BNPC Objectives:Objectives

➤ To stimulate and generate productivity consciousness in Botswana; ● To stimulate and generate productivity consciousness in Botswana; ➤ To promote increased productivity in all sectors of the economy; To promote increased productivity in all sectors of the economy; ➤ To improve and develop standards of business management in all Toaspe improvects and and at developall levels; standards of business management in all aspects and at all levels; ➤ To promote and foster good labour/ management relations generally To promote and foster good labour/management relations generally especially in the implementation of productivity schemes especially in the implementation of productivity schemes BNPC Executive Director, and programmes; and programmes; Mr Baeti M. Molake ➤ To promote and develop the concept of employer responsibility for the To promote and develop the concept of employer responsibility for the welfare of employees; welfare of employees; HEAD OFFICE ➤ To promotepromote and and develop develop labour/management labour/managem jointent joconsultationint consultation scheme,scheme, worker worker participation, participation, and a labour/managementnd labour/manage mcooperation;ent cooperation; P/Bag 00392 To establish links between the Centre and other productivity institutions Gaborone, ➤ bothTo est ina Africablish landinks elsewhere; between the Centre and other productivity institutions Botswana both in Africa and elsewhere; Plot 21222, Giraffe Road To introduce suitable management practices and techniques; to assist Tel: (267) 3626300 ➤ organisationsTo introduce in su identifyingitable ma areasnage mwhereent prthereactic ises a adeficiencynd techn iniques; skills toor assist Fax: (267) 3913501, 3906390 E-mail: [email protected] whereorgan iperformancesations in ident can beify iimproved,ng areas whereand thereafter there i sgive a def adviceicien oncy in skills or howwhere to dealperfor withma these;nce can be improved, and therefore give advice on how to deal with these; To foster equitable sharing of productivity gains among management, FRANCISTOWN OFFICE ➤ workersTo foster and equ consumers;itable sh andaring of productivity gains among management, P/Bag T2 workers and consumers; and To do such other things or acts as may appear necessary for, or incidental Tatitown, Botswana Plot 9597, Off Thapama Traffic Circle ➤ to the discharge of its functions under the BNPC Act. To do such other things or acts as may appear necessary for, or incidental Bank of Botswana Building (1st Floor) to the discharge of its functions under the BNPC Act. Tel: (267) 2415808 / 500 The Centre delivers to these objectives through consulting, research and Fax: (267) 2416101 The Ctraining.entre delivers to these objectives through consulting, research and training E-mail: [email protected]

BNPC is BQA registered BNPC was certified ISO 9001-2008 compliant by BVQI on 07/12/2009 Certificate Number: IND95109

Together, we transform Botswana BNPC Strategic Foundations

MISSION VISION SLOGAN

To empower To be the lead catalyst Together, we transform stakeholders in the use in the transformation Botswana. of productivity and of Botswana into a quality best practices Prosperous, Productive for personal and and Innovative nation. collective success.

Current Engagements

Botswana National Productivity Centre (BNPC) has developed new interventions in line with its revised strategic goal areas, to add to the existing suite of products. The new products include Work Ethic and Mindset Change and Labour Management Relations (LMR). Existing products include Service Experience and Quality Management System. These products and others not mentioned here form a portfolio of BNPC’s efforts to improve the country’s productivity levels and ultimately its global competitiveness.

Work Ethic and Mindset Change Through the Work Ethic intervention, the BNPC seeks to address the nagging question of poor work ethic - blamed on poor work ethic of Botswana workers across all sectors of the economy. This is done through a product known as Smart Work Ethics. The intervention is aimed at changing an individual worker’s behaviour to improve such attributes as attitude, accountability, integrity and honesty. Improvement in these attributes, otherwise known as soft skills, is expected to bring about a positive attitude in an individual employee’s behaviour generally towards their job, and specifically in their everyday interaction with the customer.

Labour Management Relations (LMR) As a response to the complex and ever evolving industrial relations landscape in Botswana, the BNPC has developed a comprehensive Labour Management Relations (LMR) product. The product is intended to promote Labour Management Relations awareness in order to minimise friction between employer and employee, which could divert the attention from the goal of attaining higher levels of productivity. The interventions targets clients across sectors including government, parastatals and the private sector.

Service Experience Under the Service Experience strategic goal, the Centre provides customer service solutions to all sectors of the economy for the attainment of high level competitiveness. The Centre currently supports the tourism cluster utilising the training levy to capacitate various personnel in entities such as Botswana Police Service, Botswana Revenue Service, Veterinary Department and the Department of Veterinary on customer care.

Quality Management System As an ISO 9001:2008 certified organisation, the BNPC also offers Quality Management System (QMS) solutions to its clients. Entities such the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board (PPADB) and Kweneng District Council are some of the organisations that have benefited from the BNPC interventions. The Centre prides itself in being a Botswana Qualifications Authority (BQA) accredited institution. The BQA accreditation puts the Centre in good standing in as far as its products and services are concerned.

www.bnpc.bw LEADING BOTSWANA’S HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (HRDC)

The Government of Botswana has through the THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COUNCIL approval of Human Resource Development SHALL BE TO; Council Act No 17 of 2013 established the Human Resources Development Council a) Provide for policy advice on all matters of (HRDC) that became operational on the 8th National Human Resource Development; November 2013. b) Co-ordinate and promote the implementation of This therefore means the Tertiary Education the National Human Resource Development Council (T.E.C) has ceased to exist and has been Strategy; replaced by the Human Resource Development Council. The transition was assented to by the c) Prepare the National Human Resource Minister of Education and Skills Development Development Plans; and Order of the 8th November 2013 to commence d) Plan and advise on Tertiary Education Financing the Human Resource Development Council and Work-place learning under Act No 17 of 2013.

Plot 60113, Block 7, Ext 48, Private Bag BR108, Gaborone, Botswana Tel: +267 393 0741, Cell: +267 73475204, Fax: +267 393 0740 Email: [email protected] BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Endearing Endangered Teacher Professional Development Centres

Introduction • Nurture a conducive envi- ICT Integration Teacher Mochudi Media Centre ronment for the advancement Professional Development was established as a Multi- of teacher ICT Integration – Taking Shape media Centre for ICT Inte- knowledge communities of The Revised National gration Teacher Professional practise through face-to-face, Policy on Education (1994) Development (TPD) under virtual and blended modes. recommended ICT Literacy the Department of Teacher • Implement prudent and programme for schools, a Training and Development. cost- effective financial poli- structured national in-service It compliments twelve Teacher cies for revenue growth and programme and accessible Training and Development mix, cost reduction and asset and accredited in-service Education Centres spread utilisation. courses. These recommen- throughout the country for • Achieve efficiency and effec- dations were reiterated in the provision of TPD in core sub- tiveness of internal business ThutoNet Section of National jects. Mochudi Media Centre processes in operations man- ICT Policy and Organisation coordinates a collaborative agement, customer manage- and Methods for Ministry of support network of Education ment, and growth through Education Report. Botswana Centre ICT Integration TPD innovation and regulatory Ministry of Education and Skills Coordinators for coordinated and social processes. Development adopted the collaborative implementa- • Nurture a learning organ- technology literacy approach tion of ICT Integration TPD isational culture and mind- i.e. incorporated technology at Regional and Schools sets of 21st Century teacher skills in the curriculum to Cluster level. The Centre was professional development increase productivity of the established to: organisations. workforce through use of • Champion advancement technology. The education • Design and implement trans- of ICT Integration profes- priorities of this approach formational ICT Integration sional development knowl- are: policy awareness, basic teacher professional develop- edge communities of practice knowledge of ICT, ICT Inte- ment programmes for effec- for sustainable change and gration pedagogy, use of tive technology integration. improvement. basic ICT tools in standard

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

computer laboratories or of the Centre were developed capacity of Mochudi Media classrooms facilitated by along the Stages of Technol- Centre to nurture a con- teachers who are proficient ogy Mastery: Entry, Adoption, ducive environment for the in digital literacy. Adaptation, Appropriation advancement of teacher ICT and Invention. Findings of Integration knowledge com- ICT Literacy TPD Programmes this project and lessons learnt munities of practise. The team – Early Stages from World Bank WorldLinks was capacitated to be able The focus of ICT Literacy Tele-collaborative project to cascade ICT literacy train- TPD programmes was on informed the ICT Integration ing programmes, produce training teachers to use tech- TPD Programme at the early context specific content for nology equipment in their stages. Typical ICT Integration learners and support learning schools including the use of TPD interventions targeted and development of school audio - visual equipment and (see table 1): communities.

Capacity Building Teachers and School Heads Education Officers Projects (1998 – 2002)

Implementing Computer 35 JSS x 5 (2 Teachers, SDC, DSH, SH) 12 Education Centres x 6 (HOD, Subject Awareness Programme per school = 175 trained Officers) per Centre = 72 trained

Introduction to 35 JSS x 5 (2 Teachers, SDC, DSH, SH) 12 Education Centres x 6 (HOD, Computers per school per annum = 700 trained Subject Officers) per Centre per annum = 288 trained

Productivity Skills 35 JSS x 5 (2 Teachers, SDC, DSH, SH) 12 Education Centres x 6 (HOD, per school per annum = 700 trained Subject Officers) per Centre per annum = 288 trained

Content Development 35 JSS x 2 Teachers per school per 12 Education Centres x 6 (HOD, annum = 280 trained Subject Officers) per Centre per annum = 288 trained

Introduction to 35 JSS x 2 Teachers per school per 12 Education Centres x 6 (HOD, audio - visuals annum = 280 trained Subject Officers) per Centre per annum = 288 trained

Support for Learning 35 JSS x 1 (2 Teachers SDC, DSH, SH) 12 Education Centres x 1 visit per centre and Development visit per school per annum per annum = 48 visits = 140 visits

computer systems which at the Note: SDC is Staff Development Coordinator; DSH is Deputy School Head and SH is School Head. time was limited to functional literacy. At the time all public ICT Literacy TPD Programmes The Team implements schools had audio - visual – Computer Awareness in Annual Performance Plans equipment and only a few all Secondary Schools and developed from Ministry ICT schools, all Senior Secondary Partnerships Integration Strategic Plan and Schools and 35 Junior Second- Installation of computer Annual Performance Plans. ary Schools, had computer systems and connection of all The consolidated plan include systems (less than 12.5%). secondary schools and offices not only policy – directed and to Government Data Net- needs responsive interven- During the inception of work and Internet prompted tions but also Private Public the Centre Apple Classrooms Mochudi Media Centre to Partnership projects. Mochudi of Tomorrow (ACOT) was car- establish a coordinated col- Media Centre has over the rying out a ten year research laborative support network years coordinated imple- on how teachers adopt class- of TPD Officers based at the mentation of ICT Integration room technology. The ICT twelve TPD centres. This Team TPD Private Public Partner- Integration TPD programmes was established to boost the ship projects like Microsoft

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Partners in Learning and of Education and Skills Devel- more than 100 received dona- British Council Connecting opment to procure computer tions from local entrepreneurs Classrooms. Connection of systems for the seven hun- and international partners. all Secondary Schools to dred and eighty (780) Primary Despite the economic chal- Internet made it possible to Schools and replace the ageing lenges, the Ministry contin- implement teacher profes- computer systems in Junior ues to invest in schools’ ICT sional development packages Secondary Schools. In a bid resource building capacity that use online resources e.g. to accelerate acquisition of projects. Some of the evidence Microsoft Partners in Learn- computer systems for schools, include procurement of lap- ing website, British Council the Ministry has invited both tops for all School Heads, Schools Online website. local and international Pri- connection of schools to Gov-

Private Public Teachers and School Heads Education Officers Partnership Projects

Microsoft Partners in • Cascaded by Team to 235 schools x 5 • Trained as Master Trainers Learning (teacher (2 Teachers, SDC, DSH, SH) representatives = 20 Education Officers development module) per school = 1175 trained (In-service, Curriculum and 2005 - 2007 • Cascaded by School or Cluster Team Inspectorate Officers) in 235 schools x 20 teachers per school • Cascaded by Team to 5 regions = 4700 trained x 20 (In-service and Inspectorate Officers) = 100 trained

Microsoft Partners in • Cascaded by Team to 235 secondary • Trained as Master Trainers Learning (ICT in Education schools x 5 (2 Teachers, SDC, DSH, SH) = 20 Education Officers Foundations) 2008 - 2013 representatives per school = 1175 trained (In-service, Curriculum and • Cascaded by Team to 400 Primary Schools Inspectorate Officers) x 4 (2 Teachers, DSH, SH) representatives • Cascaded by Team to 5 regions per school = 1600 trained x 20 (In-service and Inspectorate • Cascaded by School or Cluster Team Officers) = 100 trained in 635 schools x 20 teachers per school = expected results 12, 700 being trained

Apple IMC Southern Africa • 40 JSS using Apple computers x 2 Teachers • 12 Education Centres x 1 (content development) per school = 80 trained Education Officer + 3 Media Centre Officers = 15 trained

Mindset Network South • Cascaded by Team to 235 schools x 1 • 12 Education Centres x 1 Africa (content (Teacher) representative per school representative + 3 Media Centre development) = 235 trained representatives + 8 Curriculum Development Officers = 23 trained

British Council Connecting • Cascaded by National Digital • Cascaded by National Digital Classrooms 2007 - 2013 Ambassadors to 50 schools x 3 (2 Teachers, Ambassadors to 5 ICT Integration SH) representatives = 150 trained TPD Coordinators = 5 trained • Cascaded by School Digital Ambassadors in 25 schools x 5 subject / grade teachers = 75 trained

ICT Integration TPD – 21st vate Public Partners to partic- ernment Accounting and Century Frameworks & ipate in the Computers For Budgeting System, instal- UNESCO ICT – Competency Schools Project. In response lation of Interactive White Framework for Teachers to this call about 500 Primary Boards and WiFi, etc… The challenges facing Schools received refurbished economies of the world has computers from Government There are twenty five thou- made it difficult for Ministry Refurbishment Centre, and sand (25,000) teachers in one

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Learner Management System and Free and Open Source Soft- ware for authoring courses. During His visit to Botswana His Excellency Dr. Qian Tang, The Assistant Director General for Education at UNESCO, encouraged Messrs Rebaone and Phera of Mochudi Media Centre and Linchwe II Junior Secondary School respectively, to start experimenting with mobile learning.

Learner achievement in 235 Junior thousand (1,000) schools who engineering exercise, it is examinations has been declin- Secondary are entitled to ICT Integration through this exercise that the ing over the past years, in Schools have Teacher Professional Devel- business processes of Mochudi a bid to assist teachers to computer opment services. Mochudi Media Centre are being re- improve learner achieve- laboratories Media Centre is able to reach engineered. Mochudi Media ment, Mochudi Media Centre with capacity this customer – base through Centre now has to provide embarked on an e - Revision for up to 30 a coordinated collaborative training and development, project using Free and Open computers. network of Education Centre support and advice, research Source Software (FOSS). Teach- ICT Integration TPD Officers. and best practices incubation ers are trained on the soft- The Centre is in the process centre, leadership and liaison ware after which they capture of re-engineering its processes and networking for partner- questions and answers from and reforming the scientific ships. The Public Service past examination papers frameworks of its ICT Inte- reforms include reforms for into the software. Students gration TPD in line with 21st e-Governance, many Gov- use the e - Revision package Century Frameworks and ernment services can now be on their own using computers UNESCO ICT Competency accessed online. and teachers use student Framework for Teachers. performance results to plan ICT Integration Teacher strategies for assisting students. ICT Integration Teacher Professional Development The e - Revision package is Professional Development Projects copied into local machines – Mochudi Media Centre Mochudi Media Centre including standalone com- Reforms successfully piloted Interna- puters. The package can also The focus of Mochudi tional Computer Driving be uploaded to mobile devices. Media Centre ICT Integration TPD is to nurture a conducive environment for teachers to become adaptive experts at implementing the six key elements of 21st Century learning using 21st Century tools. The UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers is being used to develop an ICT Integration TPD programme that will nurture teachers License delivered through Mochudi Media Centre has learning and development blended e-learning mode for intensified teacher capacity through the Stages of ICT Education Centre ICT Inte- building in e - content devel- Integration. gration TPD Coordinators opment. The Centre carries out based in different parts of the research on Free and Open The Directorate of Public country. The Centre has been Source Software that is sus- Service Management has working on a project in which tainable and suitable for embarked on a processes re- Moodle is to be used as a Botswana context. In addi-

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

tion to the Open Source Soft- Recently, Mochudi Media capacity to deliver online serv- ware solutions researched, Centre representative partici- ices, audio - visual training the Centre capacitate teachers pated in the UNESCO Intergov- laboratory, television studios on Free Tools from Private ernmental Council for IFAP and an Outside Broadcast Van. Public Partners like Microsoft meeting at which Botswana The computer laboratories Partners in Learning and submitted a project on ICT and network resources are British Council Schools On- in Education Policy devel- optimally utilised and the line. Microsoft Learning Con- opment. Botswana is chair- Television Studios are under- tent Development System person of IFAP Priority Area utilised. These resources are is used to develop portable – Information Literacy which managed by two (2) ICT Inte- e-learning content that is covers ICT in Education. The gration TPD Officers who also playable on most school ICT in Education Policy is have to develop and deliver computers. Mochudi Media intended to build education TPD services, manage the Centre is a member of the to harness ICT within a defined administrative, supplies and Open Education Resources vision and framework. It is clerical functions of the Centre. Foundation and not only to transform the impact of The Officers are assisted by downloads but uploads its ICT in Education delivery two (2) Officers on loan from contributions to Open Edu- and learning, Educators and another Department. cation Resources databank. Institution capacity building, and to lay the foundation for The declining economic In the area of research advancement of the ICT in performance continue to make and development, Mochudi Education. it difficult for Ministry of Edu- cation and Skills Development to capacitate Mochudi Media Centre into a fully fledged ICT Integration Teacher Profes- sional Development Multi- Media Centre with personnel and expertise to drive Educa- tion Transformation through Pupils using ICT Integration Teacher Pro- refurbished fessional Development. The computers Education Centre ICT Inte- for e-Revision. gration TPD Coordinators Media Centre participated Concluding Remarks are volunteers employed to in World Information Tech- Like all other third world provide In - service in a dif- nology Forum (WITFOR) Edu- countries transiting to mid- ferent discipline. Mochudi cation Commission research dle income economies the Media Centre has enlisted project from 2006 to 2013. Botswana Ministry of Edu- the help of this Team and The research project was cation and Skills Develop- that of IT graduates serving carried out by University of ment has not yet managed National Internship and Helsinki in collaboration to harness the full potential Tirelo Sechaba Participants with University of Botswana of Mochudi Media Centre. to assist the two (2) ICT Inte- and Mochudi Media Centre. The Centre has computer gration TPD Officers. The initial title of the research training laboratories and ■ “Enhancing ICT Competence of Teachers in the SADC Mochudi Media region through innovative Centre Staff. learning and knowledge communities” was later changed to Botswana Expansive School Transformation. The research used Cultural Historical Activ- ity Theory change laboratory method. The results of this research were published in 2013 by University of Helsinki.

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Preparing Youth for Work in Botswana Better Education for Africa’s Rise – A Reality

by Raymond Doherty National Project Officer

BEAR Project

Better Education for Africa’s Rise (BEAR) aims to implement sectoral programmes in selected countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region through public and private partnership and improve the knowledge base and capacity of TVET systems to develop evidence-based TVET policies. KRIVET Team with Curriculum Developers. Supported by the Government of the Republic of Korea, BEAR is a five- 2014 saw the planned partnership between the year project that targets the TVET sector implementation of the BEAR Government of Botswana, in five SADC countries (Botswana, DR Programme at Gaborone Tech- the Republic of South Korea, Congo, Malawi, Namibia, and Zambia). nical College and Francistown UNESCO and the travel and College of Technical and Voca- tourism industry in Botswana. The common framework for the tional Education take place in BEAR project is determined by the August 2014. With the recruit- The beginning of 2014 SADC regional agenda; the building ment of 142 students on three saw the BEAR Project Team blocks of TVET systems (governance, BEAR programmes (Diploma in collaboration with leading labour market, content, institution- in Culinary Arts, Diploma in employers embarking on the building, legislation and finance); Travel Management and process of developing unit stan- themes that reflect SADC preoccupa- Diploma in Hospitality Man- dards. With advice and sup- tions (in particular the need for data for agement) the Ministry of Edu- port provided by the Korean sound decision-making); and country- cation and Skills Development Research Institute of Voca- specific reform initiatives. have taken a step forward in tional Education and Training the realisation of its goal to (KRIVET), the curriculum team What are the expected outcomes ensure graduates have skills defined the work processes in Botswana? which match the requirements and needs of employers into In Botswana, the BEAR project is of employers. This success has learning outcomes and per- focusing on the tourism industry. been facilitated by the foster- formance criteria to be deliv- ing of a strong and resolute ered at beneficiary colleges.

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Duty Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4

Research customer Develop Administer Analyse Take action feedback feedback tools questionnaires questionnaires

Unit Title Learning Outcomes

During this process it was nised by Industry as con- agreed that the BEAR cur- taining the skills, knowledge Botswana’s government sees tourism riculum should be a hybrid and attitude they required as “a strategic sector for generating system incorporating not only from graduates. foreign exchange, attracting FDI (foreign skills based training but also direct investment), creating employ- the acquisition of knowledge Each programme with the ment and reducing poverty particu- providing students with the inclusion of Generic Skills, a larly in the rural areas.” In its 2009 essential reasoning behind 6 month work placement and Human Resource Development strat- why and how tasks are per- an Integrated Project, repre- egy, it further describes tourism as the formed. The Labour Market sents approximately 2400 country’s second key natural asset after Research carried out in 2013 hours of industry relevant mining and possibly a future driver had also highlighted issues training over 2 years. of the economy. of attitude and passion with employers citing this as being With the assistance of the Botswana’s Minister of the Envi- just as important as skills KRIVET Team during April ronment, Wildlife and Tourism said and knowledge. 2014 the curriculum team at the official launch of the customer care training programme in Gaborone in November 2013: “the staff providing for our tourists is the hidden gem that will unlock growth in this industry and lead the nation to prosperity.”

The overall aim is to make sure that BEAR Student TVET programmes equip people with completing skills which are relevant to the needs practical of businesses and individuals, with a classes in the special focus on training for chefs and Hospitality tourism consultants. A more specific Centre of objective is to boost the employability Gaborone of graduates of formal TVET in tourism Technical in line with Botswana’s Vision 2016. College. Following a rigorous three defined approaches to assess- UNESCO is working with Botswana’s (3) day (July 2014) validation ment. Deemed critical to the Ministry of Education and Skills Devel- process, employers and lead- success of the project, assess- opment and the Tourism Sector Com- ing educationalists with the ments needed to be valued mittee to achieve this. The main com- Quality Assurance and Assess- by students, teachers and ponents and expected outcomes are: ment unit validated the pro- employers. Considering the grammes for delivery at need for assessments to be • curriculum development and labour Technical Colleges. Using the valid, reliable, achievable, market analysis; Qualifications Blueprint devel- practicable, equitable and • improving teaching capacity and oped in October 2013 by the fair the team reviewed best learning environments; Department of Technical and practices internationally to • developing a management infor- Vocational Education and devise continuous and end of mation system. Training and Botswana Qual- year assessment processes, ■ ifications Authority the unit combining portfolios, obser- standards (table 1) were recog- vations, reporting and exam-

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Table 1

CULINARY ARTS UNIT CODE UNIT TITLE CREDIT VALUE NOTIONAL HOURS BU104614 Food Commodity Studies 10 100 Hours BU104714 Food and Environment Hygiene 5 50 Hours BU104814 Food Production-Hot Kitchen 23 230 Hours BU104914 Food Production-Cold Kitchen 22 220 Hours BU105014 Food Production-Bakery 23 230 Hours BU105114 Kitchen Activities Management 5 50 Hours BU105214 Menu Planning Essentials 4 40 Hours

HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

UNIT CODE UNIT TITLE CREDIT VALUE NOTIONAL HOURS BU101614 Bar and Cellar Management 7 70 Hours BU101714 Beverage Product Knowledge and Service 9 90 Hours BU101814 Food and Beverage Management 8 80 Hours BU101914 Food and Beverage Operations 14 140 Hours BU102014 Food Production Operations 11 110 Hours BU102114 Front Office Management 5 50 Hours BU102214 Front Office Operations 9 90 Hours BU102314 Housekeeping Management 5 50 Hours BU102414 Housekeeping Operations 10 100 Hours TRAVEL MANAGEMENT

UNIT CODE UNIT TITLE CREDIT VALUE NOTIONAL HOURS BU103114 Air Travel 8 80 Hours BU103214 Campsite Management 5 50 Hours BU103314 Ecotourism Principles 6 60 Hours BU103414 Ecotourism Study Visit 6 60 Hours BU103514 Tour Packaging 4 40 Hours BU103614 Tourism Destinations 8 80 Hours BU103714 Tourism Development 6 60 Hours BU103814 Urban Tours 6 60 Hours BU103914 Outdoor Food and Beverage Service 11 110 Hours GENERIC UNITS

UNIT CODE UNIT TITLE CREDIT VALUE NOTIONAL HOURS BU100114 Customer Service Excellence 8 80 Hours BU100214 Essentials E-Commerce 7 70 Hours BU100314 Events Management 12 120 Hours BU100414 Finance for Non Finance Management 5 50 Hours BU100514 Information and Communications Technology Spread sheet 8 80 Hours BU100614 Marketing Essentials 7 70 Hours BU100714 Project Management Essentials 8 80 Hours BU100814 Public Relations Essentials 6 60 Hours BU100914 Research Methodology Essentials 10 100 Hours BU101014 Selling Skills 6 60 Hours BU101114 Supervisory Skills 7 70 Hours BU101214 Hygiene, Safety and Security Management 5 50 Hours

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inations. In addition, as highlighted in the Labour Market Analysis, employers and Uni- versities requested that students should be graded. Although traditionally TVET students either Achieve or Not Achieve it was agreed an assessment method should be implemented which measured how well a student achieved a particular task. Through April, May, June and July the curriculum team developed assessment rubrics for the continuous assessment of learning outcomes. These rubrics provided guidelines to assessors to enable them to measure the skills and knowledge BEAR Team with the Principal Gaborone Technical College visiting staff and students at the shown by students. Hospitality Centre.

inadequately, briefly, providing weak, Described pastries clearly, rudimentary, detailed, products and fillings comprehensively in-depth examples of

Through September and • Teachers will be motivated launched on the 22nd of Sep- October the team developed to get the best results from tember 2014. The launch was the end of year examinations. their students and therefore addressed by the Minister of Table 2 highlights the dif- improve classroom/workshop Education and Skills Devel- ferent approaches to assess- practices. opment, Dr. Venson Moitoi, ment clearly showing the • Colleges will be motivated the Embassy of the Republic Hybrid nature of the BEAR to compete against each other, of South Korea and repre- programmes. improving the quality of the sentatives from Industry who education they offer to attain emphasised the importance In collaboration with the the highest number of top of work ethic and attitude to University of Botswana the grades. the eager students. On behalf team introduced a grading sys- • Employers will be able to of UNESCO the Project Coordi- tem which measures the skills identify the best candidates for nator Mr. Raymond Doherty and knowledge of students employment, further encour- thanked the efforts of all the (Table 3). aging students to preform contributing partners pointing whilst at school. out that the uniqueness and The introduction of this • The system provides artic- success of the project lay in the type of grading system into ulation to degree offering fact that Botswana was able TVET in Botswana will have institutions. to use its resources to develop a number of benefits: its own training system. With staff trained to deliver • Students will be motivated the assessments in July 2014 A launch board was to achieve to their highest and both colleges recruiting unveiled by Minister Venson levels and compete against students in August 2014 the Moitoi which listed the names one another. programme was officially of 47 industry partners who

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Table 2

Travel Management Credits Hours Portfolio Observation Report End of Year Checklist Exam

Air Travel 8 80 60% 40% Campsite Management 5 50 50% 50% Ecotourism Principles 6 60 100% Ecotourism Study visit 6 60 100% Tour Packaging 4 40 100% Tourism Destinations 8 80 20% 60% 20% Tourism Development 6 60 100% Urban Tours 6 60 100% Outdoor Food and Beverage Service 11 110 100%

Hospitality Management Credits Hours Portfolio Observation Report End of Year Checklist Exam

Bar and Cellar Management 7 70 40% 20% 40% Beverage Product Knowledge and Service 9 90 20% 20% 60% Food and Beverage Management 8 80 100% Food and Beverage Operations 14 140 100% Food Production Operations 11 110 100% Front Office Management 5 50 75% 25% Front Office Operations 9 90 100% Housekeeping Management 5 50 100% Housekeeping Operations 10 100 50% 50%

Culinary Arts Credits Hours Portfolio Observation Report End of Year Checklist Exam

Food Commodity Studies 10 100 100% Food and Environmental Hygiene 5 50 20% 80% Food Production – Hot Kitchen 23 230 40% 60% Food Production – Cold Kitchen 22 220 40% 60% Food Production – Bakery 23 230 40% 60% Kitchen Activities Management 5 50 80% 20% Menu Planning 4 40 100%

Generic Credits Hours Portfolio Observation Report End of Year Checklist Exam

Customer Service Excellence 8 80 100% Essentials of E-Commerce 7 70 100% Events Management 12 120 100% Finance for Non-Finance Managers 5 50 100% Information and Communications Technology Spreadsheets 8 80 100% Marketing Essentials 7 70 70% 30% Project Management Essentials 8 80 100% Public Relations Essentials 6 60 100% Research Methodology Essentials 10 100 100% Selling Skills 6 60 20% 20% 60% Supervisory Skills 7 70 20% 80% Hygiene, Safety and Security Management 5 50 100%

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Table 3

Marks 90-100 85-89.9 80-84.9 75-79.9 70-74.9 65-69.9 60-64.9 55-59.9 50-54.9 45-49.9 40-44.9 35-39.9 0-34.9 (%) Letter A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D- E Grade

assisted with the develop- and current within the Hos- the actual validated curricula ment of the Better Education pitality and Tourism Industry. and assessments. for Africa’s Rise project in Students will be measured Botswana. More details can on their performance during The quality assurance, be found by following the the work placement and the management of the curricula link below: curriculum adjusted accord- and training of staff to deliver ingly based on the suggestions the unit standards effectively http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/ and advice from Industry. The and efficiently are aspects resources/online-materials/single view/news/ work placement provides a which will be implemented preparing_youth_for_work_in_botswana/#. test to ensure that the pro- in 2015. With Result 2 and 3 VEfO81fzoSm gramme meets its goal of beginning, the achievements producing industry relevant of Result 1 must be further As a successful 2014 for graduates. reinforced through continued the BEAR project comes to an implementation review and end, the project team will be The true success of the support to staff and facilita- defining Work Placements project will be measured in tors at the colleges. 2016 when the graduates from Gaborone Technical College As stated in Vision 2016: and Francistown College of • Botswana will have a sys- Technical and Vocational Edu- tem of quality education that cation enter into the employ- is able to adapt to the chang- ment market. ing needs of the country. • Improvements in the rele- With the continued com- vance, the quality and the KRIVET Team mitment of the Botswana access to education lie at the with Students Team and the high quality core of the Vision for the future. on the BEAR expertise provided by the • The education system will Programme Korean Government the BEAR empower citizens to become at Gaborone project is meeting its objec- the best producers of goods Technical tives and providing in a wider and services. It will produce College.

Commissioner and Integrated Projects for Mr. Park from the programmes. The team the Embassy will concentrate on further of South strengthening the Public Pri- Korea, vate partnership. This strength- context a model which can entrepreneurs who will cre- Pretoria ening will allow colleges and be used in Botswana for all ate employment through with the industry to link together to pro- sectors in its TVET provision. the establishment of new Launch Board. vide work placement oppor- The year 2013 laid the ground enterprises. tunities for the students. This work in terms of defining link is critical in ensuring that which skills future graduates The BEAR project is con- the programmes remain valid should acquire, 2014 provided tributing to this Vision. ■

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Botswana National Survey of Research & Development Report 2012/2013

(researchers, technicians and related skilled R&D personnel); • R&D expenditure by employment sector, field of research and socio-economic objectives); • Gross Expenditure on Res- earch and Development (GERD) by source of funds; • GERD by employment sector; • GERD measured as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

R&D Performance in Botswana Background Introduction opment (OECD) in the ‘Pro- Research and Develop- This report presents results posed Standard Practice for ment in Botswana has con- of the 2012/2013 national sur- Surveys on Research and tinued to grow at a slow pace vey of Research and Experi- Experimental Developmental’ over the years. Some of the mental Development (R&D) known as Frascati Manual greatest impediments to R&D in Botswana. The R&D sur- (OECD, 2002). Furthermore, growth include: scarce expe- vey was commissioned by the survey was conducted rienced human resources, low the Department of Research using the survey instrument funding of R&D activities, Science and Technology in as proposed by the African minimal participation of the Collaboration with Statistics Science and Technology Inno- private sector in R&D activ- Botswana in a view to moni- vation Indicators (ASTII) ities, fragmented research tor the performance of the Initiative, albeit with slight activities, and meaningful National System of Innova- modifications. interaction between the indus- tion in Botswana. The depart- try, institutions of higher ment appreciated the support The data on the inputs learning, research institutions from NEPAD through the into the R&D activities per- and government (triple helix African Science and Technol- formed in-house in Botswana concept) just to name a few. ogy Innovation Indicators was collected from all organ- However, in the quest for eco- (ASTII) Initiative for having isations including Business, nomic diversification, the Gov- afforded them an opportunity Government, Non-profit mak- ernment of Botswana (GoB) to undertake this Research ing organisations and Higher recognises the role of RSTI in and Development (R&D) Education institutions. The economic development and survey. The support included data produces R&D indicators has thus made deliberate technical and financial sup- used for planning and moni- efforts to integrate RSTI in all port received from ASTII. toring and measuring inter- sectors of the economy for national competitiveness of maximum impact. Botswana The survey was conducted the country. The main indi- intends to transform her pri- in accordance with the Inter- cators established through marily commodity driven national Guidelines proposed this survey are; economy into a knowledge by the Organisation for Eco- • R&D personnel by category, based economy that focuses nomic Cooperation and Devel- qualification and field of study on innovation and business

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sophistication. Notable devel- reported that Botswana’s opments in the recent past level of investment in R&D include the launching of a was 0.43% of her GDP in revised and all-encompassing 2004 (CSIR, 2005). Currently, RSTI Policy in 2012, the estab- Botswana’s innovative status lishment of Botswana Inter- is still classified under scien- national University of Science tifically lagging countries, that and Technology, and the estab- is, lacking scientific capacity lishment of Botswana Insti- development characterised by tute for Technology Research little investment in RSTI and and Innovation (BITRI). The thus failing to meaningfully RSTI policy, which is a revi- translate knowledge into activ- sion of the 1998 S&T Policy, ities and systems that promote Ms Boitumelo Sekhute-Batungamile; Chief Research is emphatic on the necessary RSTI (MIST, 2011). However, Science and Technology Officer, Department of structures, processes and focus in the newly launched RSTI Research Science and Technology presenting areas that the country has Policy, Botswana envisages Botswana 2012 - 2013 R&D Indicators Report. to pursue to fully harness the to invest at-least 2% of her benefits of RSTI. Worldwide, GDP in RSTI by the year 2016 50% of the GERD. Over the governments recognise the where at-least 70% of the years, the government con- value of investing in RSTI in GERD will be contributed by tinues to find it increasingly order to maintain and support the private sector. difficult to fund R&D activ- their innovative status, where ities, perhaps due to the recent the conventional measure The last R&D survey in economic meltdown that for the country’s expenditure Botswana (2003/2004) indi- characterised the macroeco- on RSTI is the Gross Expendi- cated that the GoB contributed nomic status of the world. It, ture on Research and Devel- about 79% of the total funding therefore, follows that for opment (GERD) measured as for research, development and Botswana to attain her inno- a percentage of its Gross innovation. In contrast, the vative status, as envisioned Domestic Product (GDP). business enterprise contributed in her RSTI policy, there is an only 3%, Non-Governmental urgent need for a robust stake- Organisations (NGO’s) 5%, holder collaboration resulting foreign sources 6%, higher in a strong national system academic institutions 2% and of innovation where the busi- government funded research ness enterprise takes the organisations 5% (Figure 1). leading role. In the revised This contrasts remarkably RSTI Policy, it is envisaged with the developed countries that the business enterprise where the business enterprise will contribute at-least 70% is responsible for more than of the GERD by 2016.

Figure 1: Expenditure by Funding Agencies in Botswana (Source; BNRST Plan, 2005) Ms Lesego Motoma; Director, Department of Research Science and Technology giving welcoming HEInstitutions NGO 5% 2% remarks to attendants. Fo r e ig n Business Soruces 6% Entreprises 3% Scientifically developed countries invest between 3% and 4% of their GDP in RSTI. Govt Funded RTO 5 % However, the investment target for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and African Union Govt 79% (AU) was 1% of GDP (MIST, 2011) by 2010. In the National Research, Science and Tech- nology Plan (BNRSTP), it is

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Globally, the Global Com- RSTI expenditure and stock account for 36% of the total petitiveness Report (2012 - of human resources devoted population of R&D personnel 2013 and 2013 - 2014) rate to RSTI, which are critical com- and 27% of the total head- Botswana very low in all ponents that define national count of researchers. There are indicators under the pillar of capacity and development of also 354 researchers Full Time innovation (Table 1). knowledge and innovation. Equivalents (FTE) in Botswana

Table 1: Global Competitiveness Index

Indicator Rank 2012/13 2013/14 (out of 144) (out of 148) Capacity for innovation 96 102 Quality of scientific research institutions 73 98 Company spending on research and development 62 92 University-Industry collaboration on research and development 63 101 Government procurement of advanced technological products 65 67 Availability of scientists and engineers 112 120

The same reports consider The information or statis- and the female representation Botswana’s economy to be still tics contained in this report, is at 27%. Botswana’s number in transition between being can be used in addressing of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) factor driven and efficiency issues contained in national researchers as per 1000 total driven. However, Botswana high level strategic documents employment stand at 0.27 aspires to achieve an innova- such Vision 2016, Millen- which demonstrates lack of tion driven economic status nium Development Goals R&D intensity in the country. that focuses on innovation (MDGs), Human Resource and business sophistication Development Strategy (HRDS) Botswana’s Gross Expen- factors, and become an active as well as the National Devel- diture on R&D (GERD), in and competitive international opment Plan 10 (NDP 10). The current values, amounted to trader with an open economy latter listed documents make P284.33 million in 2012/13. (MIST, 2011). national commitments to GERD measured as a percent- the advancement and devel- age of Gross Domestic Product The importance opment of RSTI in order to (GDP) is 0.26%. This is lower of RSTI data achieve national development than 0.43% recorded in For a country to make goals. The generation of these 2004/05. This indicator is also strategic interventions geared statistics shall therefore pro- lower than the national tar- towards economic diversifi- vide useful understanding of get of 2% in 2016 as well as cation and development, the valuable RSTI inputs and regional (SADC, AU) bench- there is need for availability outputs for meaningful socio- mark of 1% in 2010. The of comprehensive statistical economic impact. The gov- Government is the largest data to inform decision mak- ernment and the business source of R&D funding at ing. The RSTI statistics are community shall use the data 74%. Other sources of R&D required to provide high level to critically assess their policies funding in Botswana are guidance to policy makers and device strategic inter- higher Institutions of learning and influence the level and ventions to support national (13%), foreign sources (7%), nature of investment. There- planning. local businesses (6%), NGO’s fore, RSTI statistics are impor- (0.7%) and other Botswana tant to Botswana in the sense The survey reveals that sources (0.2%). The Govern- that they provide a vital moni- there are 1139 R&D person- ment sector is the highest toring and evaluation tool nel headcount in Botswana, contributor of GERD at 42%, to the implementation process categorised into researchers followed by the Non-Profit of the existing policies and (690), technicians (256) and Organisations (25%), higher the impact there from. The other staff supporting R&D education sector (23%) and statistics reveal the level of (193). The female personnel the business sector (11%).

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fore, scuppers her capability situation where the contribu- to support and maintain sci- tion of the private sector to ence, technology and inno- GERD is at-least 70% by the vation development to a level year 2016. As it has already where the country could be been highlighted in this report, classified among scientifically countries which are developed leading countries. The low and highly innovative derive level of investment in R&D the largest portion of their by Botswana is largely demon- GERD from the private sector. strated by the amount of GERD It therefore calls for a robust of 0.26% when expressed as approach aimed at coming up a percentage of GDP, which with mechanisms or measures has dramatically decreased that would attract business from 0.43% that was recorded enterprises in Botswana to in 2004/2005 survey. This invest heavily in RSTI. therefore confirms that the country’s innovation capability is very low as compared to highly innovative countries. This is also being evidenced by the country’s ranking in Mr Dabilani Buthali; Deputy Statistician General, the recent Global Competi- Statistics Botswana giving a speech to launch the tiveness Report. In 2012/13 Botswana 2012 - 2013 R&D Indicators Report. and 2013/14 reports, under the indicator of Capacity The survey further indi- for Innovation, Botswana is cates that Botswana’s R&D ranked 96 out of 144 and 102 intensity is in the fields of out of 148 respectively. agricultural and natural sciences. This is demonstrated The low innovation capa- Prof Modisi; Dean, Faculty of Science, University of by the high number of FTE bility shall therefore adversely Botswana giving closing remarks and vote of thanks. researchers in those areas. In impact upon the country’s eco- addition, most of researchers nomic diversification drive. The level of human resource (FTE) in Botswana hold Bach- It is evident that developed commitment to R&D is very elors/Masters degrees as countries leveraged on eco- low at 0.27 per 1000 employed opposed to PhD/Doctorate. nomic spin-offs derived from in Botswana, whilst developed There is therefore need to R&D and associated tech- countries are recording from intensify human capacity nologies to advance their 5/1000 people employed. Fur- development at high levels economies. Botswana should thermore, the results demon- to create a critical mass of therefore endeavour to come strate huge gender imbal- highly resourced R&D per- up with soundly comprehen- ance is prevalent in the R&D sonnel especially in other sive programmes and policy fraternity. For instance, the priority areas of research in instruments aimed at trans- number of female researchers the country. forming her RSTI landscape. as a percentage of the total Without vibrant R&D and researchers is 27%. This Conclusion innovation space, Botswana’s demonstrably shows that The results of this survey efforts to transform her econ- few women are employed in indicate that, Botswana has omy from being commodity technical fields. a mammoth task ahead in driven to a knowledge driven her efforts to achieve a knowl- economy will be futile. It is therefore vitally impor- edge and innovation driven tant that the country vigor- economic status. From the The business sector is the ously mobilises all its RSTI results, the country’s level of lowest contributor of GERD stakeholders to follow a com- investment in R&D is quite (11%) amongst the surveyed mon RSTI research agenda low, especially when com- sectors. However, the Govern- in a manner that will result pared with that of other devel- ment of Botswana, through in increased level of invest- oping countries. This there- her RSTI Policy envisages a ment in RSTI. ■

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BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers The Stampriet Kalahari-Karoo Aquifer Second Regional Meeting, Technical Meeting on Project Implementation, UN House, Windhoek, Namibia, 21-23 May 2014

Introduction for action to improve the man- Within the framework of agement of the Stampriet the “Groundwater Resources transboundary aquifer. At Governance in Transboundary the first regional meeting Stampriet Aquifer Aquifers” (GGRETA), funded organized in October 2013, by the Swiss Agency for Devel- national, regional and inter- The Stampriet Kalahari / Karoo opment and Cooperation national experts representing Aquifer System is situated within the (SDC), the Governments of a variety of stakeholder groups southern part of the Kalahari and lies Botswana, Namibia and worked together to set the in the Lower Orange River Basin. It South Africa, jointly with the technical bases for starting forms a huge shared aquifer system that UNESCO International Hydro- the multidisciplinary assess- straddles the border between Botswana, logical Programme (UNESCO- ment of the aquifer. To build Namibia and South Africa, which is IHP) and the International on that, the technical meeting so far only marginally exploited. The Groundwater Resources Assess- in May instructed and brought quality of the water in the aquifers ment Centre (IGRAC) organ- into operation the national decreases in the flow direction towards ized a technical meeting technical groups who will South-western Botswana and the from 21-23 May 2014 on the lead the assessment. North-western Cape of South Africa. assessment of the Stampriet transboundary aquifer at the Upcoming activities will In Namibia this aquifer system is United Nations House in focus on the harmonization the main source of water supply for Windhoek, Namibia. of data collected in order to agricultural development as well as for prepare the recommendations the five urban centres within the region. The GGRETA project - for the setting up of a world In Botswana the area overlying the Stampriet Case Study aims leading example of a joint aquifer is sparsely populated although at improving knowledge on coordination mechanism for further development is envisaged and the recognition and vulner- the management and the gov- water is required for stock watering, game, ability of the Stampriet trans- ernance of the aquifer. This and smaller villages that are in need boundary aquifer (Botswana, will bring countries together of increased water supply. Furthermore, Namibia and South Africa), to agree on priority issues, and mining companies are involved in developing shared aquifer lay the foundations to estab- exploration activities within the area management tools, and ini- lish cooperation mechanisms and will require groundwater supply tiating the development of among countries for the sus- in the future. ■ Multi Country Consultative tainable governance of their Body to agree on priority areas groundwater resources.

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Objectives of the Second • Agreement on the priorities zational chart that clearly Regional Meeting – and schedule of data collection defines the relationships Technical Meeting on and processing activities based between different parts of the Project Implementation on the project methodology. project management struc- The main objective of the • Agreement on a template ture was agreed. For each technical meeting was to for NTTGs to report the type, country, the NTTG will be instruct and bring into oper- availability and cost of data. responsible for the multi- ation the National Technical These are being used to disciplinary assessment cov- TBA Groups (NTTGs) from specify work plans and delivering hydrogeological, socio- the involved countries using erables during the data col- economic, environmental, a common methodology for lection and processing phase legal and institutional aspect. the assessment of hydroge- of the project. NTTGs are formed by one ological, socio-economic, envi- • Preparation of a draft docu- expert on hydrogeology, one ronmental, legal and institu- ment showing the availability expert on environment and tional aspects of the Stampriet of hydrogeological, socioeco- socio-economics, and one transboundary aquifer. nomic and environmental, expert on legal and institu- and legal and institutional tional frameworks. The Regional Technical data in Namibia, Botswana Meeting also aimed at identi- and South Africa. At the national level, the fying the availability of dif- • Agreement on a revised work of the NTTGs will be man- ferent types of national data version of the project organiza- aged and guided by National in Namibia, Botswana and tional chart that clearly defines Coordination Focal Points South Africa with the national the relationships between (CFPs) who will oversee their teams, and to agree on the different parts of the project reports and also facilitate and project’s technical organiza- management structure. coordinate project activities tional chart and work plan • Preparation of a cover/intro- with national Government (especially for data collection, ductory letter on behalf of the Representatives, namely: processing, harmonization major governmental stake- • Namibia: Department of and communication). holders (Departments of Water Water Affairs and Forestry of Affairs) in order to support the Ministry of Agriculture, Summary of Main the national teams for data Water and Forestry; Actions, Conclusions and collection. • Botswana: Department of Decisions of the Second • Agreement on the set up of Water Affairs of the Ministry Regional Meeting – a shared workspace (man- of Minerals, Energy and Water Technical Meeting on agement tool). Resources; Project Implementation • Strengthening of cross-border • South Africa: Department Main actions, conclusions dialogue and cooperation. of Water Affairs of the Ministry and decisions taken during of Water and Environmental the Second Regional Meeting Project Execution Affairs. – Technical Meeting on Project Arrangements Implementation are as follows: The GGRETA Project - Following approval of the • Operationalization and inter- Stampriet Case Study Project CFPs, NTTGs will report to the action of the National Techni- is being executed by UNESCO Regional Project Coordinator cal TBA Groups (NTTGs) who – IHP in cooperation with (RPC). NTTGs should work will implement the project. IGRAC. All activities are being in close cooperation among • Training to ensure that the carried out in close coordi- themselves and with the RPC NTTGs have clear understand- nation with governmental to aggregate and harmonize ing of the project method- authorities and the UNESCO– the data collected. ology and planning. IHP national committees in • Commencement of the the three countries (Botswana, At the transboundary second phase of multidisci- Namibia, and South Africa). level, the RPC will secure coor- plinary data collection activ- Other key stakeholders are dination between national ities relating to the aquifer consulted at set times during teams (NTTGs/CFPs) for data assessment (i.e. hydrogeolog- the project execution. harmonization and assess- ical, socioeconomic and envi- ment, and reporting to the ronmental and legal and At the meeting a revised Project Management Unit institutional aspects). version of the project organi- (i.e. UNESCO and IGRAC).

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Detailed Report of the that the Stampriet aquifer the importance of the Stam- Second Regional Meeting has a crucial role for local priet groundwater resource – Technical Meeting on communities’ survival in the in a region that is critically Project Implementation region, particularly in times dependent on it. of drought, which Namibia Day 1 has been experiencing for Session 1 – Introduction (Wednesday, 21 May 2014) some time. He expressed strong to GGRETA Project Opening Session support for a sustainable man- The meeting continued The meeting began with agement approach with full with an introduction and welcoming remarks from reporting of project activities briefing on the GGRETA the Ms Barbieri (Officer in to the government and clear project context, objectives Charge of the UNESCO Office definition of the roles and workplan, organization and in Windhoek) and Govern- management of stakeholders. methodology from Mr Ross ment Representatives of He finished by thanking SDC (Senior Groundwater Advi- Namibia, Botswana and South for supporting the project. sor, UNESCO, Paris) and Mr Africa, namely, Mr Nehemia Nijsten (Senior Researcher, (Under-Secretary, Department Mr Phofuetsile started his International Groundwater of Water Affairs, Government intervention by highlighting Resources Centre – IGRAC, of Namibia), Mr Phofuetsile the importance of the project Delft - Netherlands). (Deputy Director, Department as it would greatly contribute of Water Affairs, Government to water diplomacy by creating Mr Ross gave an over- of Botswana), and Mr Netili a tool to ensure that shared view of UNESCO’s Interna- (Senior Hydrogeologist, Coun- water resources are managed tional Hydrological Pro- cil for Geoscience South Africa). efficiently, sustainably and gramme (IHP) with emphasis on groundwater activities including the Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Man- agement Initiative (ISARM), the GEF Transboundary Waters Assessment Program (TWAP) and the UNGA resolution on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers. He explained how the project on Groundwater Governance in Transboundary Aquifers (GGRETA) financed by the Swiss Agency for Devel- opment and Cooperation initiates the development of Multi Country Consultative Group picture Ms Barbieri highlighted equitably. He emphasized that Body to agree on priority areas of the GGRETA the importance of water in the the Department of Water for action to improve the man- Project – Southern Africa Region, and Affairs of the Ministry of agement of transboundary Stampriet the role UNESCO-IHP is play- Minerals, Energy and Water aquifers and provides a more Case Study. ing in assisting countries to Resources of Botswana will in-depth analysis of TBAs improve water resources man- provide strong efforts to facil- than the TWAP. agement. She also thanked itate data provision. the Swiss Agency for Devel- Mr Nijsten introduced the opment and Cooperation Mr Netili provided formal methodology for carrying (SDC) for its financial sup- apologies from the Depart- out the multidisciplinary port to this project. ment of Water Affairs of the assessments of transboundary Ministry of Water and Environ- aquifers covering hydrogeo- Mr Nehemia emphasized mental Affairs of South Africa logical, socioeconomic, envi- the full support of the Ministry for not attending the meet- ronmental, legal and insti- of Agriculture, Water and ing, and expressed hope that tutional aspects. He explained Forestry of Namibia for the the meeting will contribute the project workflow and out- project. He stressed the fact to better understanding of puts including data collection,

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harmonization, aquifer level Prof Kirchner gave a com- Mr Carvalho Resende characterization and assess- prehensive introduction to stressed that there should be ment. Harmonized data will the Stampriet artesian basin. an agreement on priorities be presented in thematic maps He introduced the geograph- for data collection and a report- and tables to be uploaded into ical, climatic, socioeconomic ing template. Additionally, a shared information manage- and environmental features he emphasized that data col- ment system which is being of the basin and summarized lection should have a gender developed under the project. developments in the charac- perspective, and sex-disag- Additionally, he emphasized terization of the aquifer. He gregated data should be col- that the ultimate goal of also discussed particular vari- lected, if available. having an indicator-based ables including recharge, water assessment is to simplify the quality and water abstrac- Day 2 output message and make it tions, and some of the gaps (Thursday, 22 May 2014) understood by the benefici- in knowledge and challenges Session 3 – Discussion of aries and policy makers. (e.g. data reliability, scattered the matrix for data collection data). He also introduced key and interventions from Mr Ross gave an overview developments in groundwater national experts of the project design and legislation and explained This session was largely activities including the struc- some of the problems in imple- devoted to presentations by ture of outcomes and outputs menting the legislation. the NTTGs introducing and and details of project activ- discussing the three countries’ ities expected in 2014. He Mr Burchi introduced national data availability, explained the project exe- revised methodology for col- data collection and process- cution arrangements and lecting information on legal ing requirements. The discus- presented an organizational and institutional issues based sions were focused around the chart the project showing the on a questionnaire that he matrix of GGRETA variables main participants in the case developed for the project. and indicators. Data avail- study and their roles and The questionnaire covers ability in the three countries responsibilities. legislation related to both was introduced by members transboundary and domestic of the newly recruited NTTGs The meeting agreed on a aquifer management and from Namibia, Botswana and revised version of the project also includes a few questions South Africa. Availability organizational chart that more on the implementation of of data was discussed with clearly defines the relation- legislation. Following discus- technical specialists accord- ships between different parts sion, the questionnaire was ing to their respective country of the project management expanded and adjusted to and area of specialism. Hydro- structure. include policies, macro-scale geological data was discussed Session 2 – GGRETA Project: plans, and informal entities first (Ms Mulokoshi and Ms Stampriet case study: data on the ground. Joel – Namibia, Mr Lentswe collection and processing The post lunch session was devoted to an introduction to data collection and processing for the Stampriet Case Study. The NTTGs received detailed briefing on the project methodology on hydrogeological, socioeconomic and environmental, and legal and institutional aspects from Prof Kirchner (Senior Hydrogeologist and Regional Project Coordinator) and Mr Stefano Burchi (Senior Legal Specialist with the Interna- tional Association of Water Law - AIDA).

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– Botswana, Ms Leshomo – is located in different agencies Mr Hanise – South Africa South Africa), followed by a and places. provided a profile of one socioeconomic and environ- district of the Stampriet area mental (Mr Muroua – Nami- Ms Leshomo – South Africa in South Africa. Most of the bia, Ms Mosetlhi – Botswana, showed some hydrogeological required data is available, but Mr Hanise – South Africa), maps of the Stampriet aquifer data on human dependency and legal and institutional region in South Africa, stretch- on groundwater is limited. data (Ms Kinyaga – Namibia, ing different boundary defi- Conclusion: Data on water Mr Itumeleng – Botswana). nitions as well as an example uses are limited. The presentations were fol- of a geological log. Proxy lowed by a discussion of the variables such as livestock • Legal and availability of data for each numbers will be important institutional data: variable to be collected in the for estimating abstraction. Ms Kinyaga – Namibia GGRETA methodology. Based Conclusion: there is not summarized the main fea- on the discussion, challenges much data on the South tures of the transboundary such as data gaps (especially African part of the aquifer and domestic legal and insti- in hydrogeological data), and and it will be necessary to tutional framework relating need for funding to cover field use proxy information. to groundwater management missions to collect data were in Namibia. She also intro- identified. The meeting also Mr Kenabatho commented duced ownership of ground- agreed on a set of priority data that it will be important to water resources and water user to be collected and decided to encourage collaboration management responsibilities. discuss reporting requirements between experts from differ- Conclusion: Necessary and logistical issues and cost ent countries to share data data are expected to be of data collection on the final sources and ensure data available. day of the meeting. harmonization. Mr Itumeleng – Botswana • Hydrogeological data: • Socioeconomic and introduced the transboundary Ms Joel – Namibia intro- environmental data: legal and institutional frame- duced the Namibian portion Mr Muroua – Namibia work, the Botswana Water of the Stampriet aquifer includ- provided an overview of the Act, other relevant legislation ing meteorology, geology and data and information sources including the Town & Country hydrogeological sections. She for socioeconomic and envi- Planning Act and the own- gave an overview of the key ronmental data in Namibia. ership of groundwater. data sources including the There are a large number of Conclusion: Necessary Groundwater Resources Infor- data sources and the data is data are expected to be mation Metadata, CSIR water scattered but it can be collected. available. quality data and maps, bore- Conclusion: Most data hole data, water points infor- appear to be available, but Session 4 – Discussion of the mation (GROWAS), the JICA from scattered sources. matrix for data collection report, the hydro-census, water and interventions from level data and extraction data. Ms Mosetlhi – Botswana national experts (contd.) and Conclusion: There are gave a comprehensive over- data harmonization many data available for the view of data availability and Mr Nijsten introduced the Namibian part and the data sources in Botswana. Data on project information manage- availability is quite centralized. population, settlement types, ment system, he also explained development plans and com- the need for data harmoni- Mr Lentswe – Botswana munity perceptions is readily zation with some examples, provided data on climate, land available. Data on water use and made some suggestions use cover, aquifer geometry is available but scattered. on communication within and water quality in Botswana, Data on land use, and waste the project. The information while acknowledging that data and wastewater management management system will on hydrogeology in Botswana is limited and scattered. have the capacity to store is scattered and sometimes Conclusion: Most data interpreted data – such as difficult to access. seem to be available, but scat- digital layered maps, and Conclusion: A reasonable tered. Some environmental tables – and documents. He amount of data exists, but it data sets are limited. explained some of the chal-

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lenges of data harmonization The initial reports would iden- • E.2.3 Groundwater abstrac- including map projections, tify the availability of data tion for agricultural use. scale and legend. Finally he according to the variables in • E.2.4 Groundwater abstrac- introduced the concept of a the GGRETA matrix. The next tion for commercial and indus- project workspace where infor- reports (end of the first contract trial use. mation can be exchanged period) would concentrate on and shared between project priority variables identified Meeting participants experts and followed up. by the Project Management agreed on a matrix based on Unit (UNESCO/IGRAC): the project methodology for Support was expressed in NTTGs to report the type, the following discussion for Hydrogeology: availability and cost of data, the development of a project • B.2 Geo-referenced bound- as well as priorities for the workspace, and also for provi- ary of the TBA. collection of data. The matrix sion of additional resources to • B.3 Depth of water table / provides a template to specify meet data collection expenses piezometric surface. work plans and deliverables including travel from capi- • B.4 Depth to top of aquifer during the data collection tals to regional centers. formation. and processing phase of the • B. 5 Vertical tickness of the project. Day 3 aquifer. (Friday, 23 May 2014) • C.1.1 Natural recharge. Regarding in particular Day 3 of the meeting • C.1.5 Extent recharge zones. the legal and institutional included discussions on pri- • C.6 Total groundwater data, it was agreed that the orities for data collection and volume. national specialists would reporting, challenges for data • C.7 Groundwater depletion. focus the balance of work under their initial contracts on the collection of bi- and multi-lateral legal instruments, and of domestic legislation, called for by the Legal and Institutional Question- naire. In addition, the specialists would also engage in the analysis of such legal instruments and legislation, in answer to questions 1 to 16 in the Questionnaire, and identify sources of information feeding questions 47, 49 and 50 in the same Questionnaire.

Mr Ross then introduced some of the challenges for data collection and processing phase of the project that had been identified during the collection and processing, Socio-economic and Environ- meeting, including support including reporting and logis- mental: and resources and the need tical requirements and on the • D.1 Suitability for human for further clarification of the further stages of the project consumption (natural ground- project organization. The including the next project water quality). NTTGs identified the need meeting. • D.2 Groundwater pollution. for offices where they could • E.1 Population (total and meet, and the government Mr Ross introduced the density). representatives agreed to reporting requirements for the • E.2.1 Total groundwater work together to ensure that technical specialists during abstraction. these facilities were avail- their initial contracts, and the • E.2.2 Groundwater abstrac- able. Some of the specialists priorities for data collection. tion for domestic use. identified the need for fund-

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ing to cover their travel to The meeting also clarified ings. Participants agreed on regional centres where some that the Regional Project the project work program data required by the project Coordinator will have a role and schedule of project meet- is held. in collecting and providing ings until the end of in 2015. feedback on national reports They agreed to meet again It was decided that NTTGs following approval of CFPs. in October 2014 with the would provide details of these The primary role of data venue and dates to be settled. costs in the matrix that the harmonization would fall to Project Management Unit the NTTGs who should work Representatives of the (UNESCO/IGRAC) would in close cooperation among Project Management Unit supply with their first reports. themselves and with the (UNESCO/IGRAC) thanked all The meeting also identified Regional Project Coordinator. participants for their strong the need for letters of intro- National project leadership commitment to the Stampriet duction from Government would continue to rest with Project. The meeting was Representatives to enable the the national Departments of closed at 12:30. specialists to gain access to Water Affairs. ■ data, and government representatives agreed to arrange Mr Ross presented a brief for the production of these overview of the project work- letters. plan including project meet-

Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers The Stampriet Kalahari-Karoo Aquifer First Follow Up Technical Mission on Project Implementation Gaborone (Botswana), Windhoek (Namibia), Pretoria (South Africa), 05-15 August 2014

Programme (UNESCO-IHP) and the Inter- national Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC) are engaged on the assessment of the transboundary Stampriet Aquifer within the framework of the “Groundwater Resources Governance in Transboundary Aquifers” (GGRETA), funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Political meeting at the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) (SDC). GGRETA project aims at improving in Botswana - From left to right: Prof Kirchner (Regional Project knowledge on the recognition and vulner- Coordinator), Mr Phofuetsile (Deputy Director - DWA), ability of the Stampriet transboundary Mr Ross (UNESCO-IHP) and Mr Setloboko (Head of Groundwater aquifer (Botswana, Namibia and South Division - DWA). Africa), developing shared aquifer management tools, and initiating the devel- Introduction opment of Multi Country Consultative Body The Governments of South Africa, (MCCB) to agree on priority areas for action Botswana, and Namibia, jointly with to improve the management of the Stampriet the UNESCO International Hydrological transboundary aquifer.

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UNESCO-IHP experts (Mr Ross and Mr representatives to update on the next activ- Carvalho Resende) undertook a mission ities the main purpose. Technical meetings to Botswana, Namibia and South Africa aimed at reviewing and discussing data between 5-15 August 2014. During the technical aspects with the NTTGs involved mission, they were accompanied by Prof in the project in accordance to the project Kirchner (Regional Project Coordinator). methodology. A field visit to the Namibian The aim of the mission was to: portion of the Stampriet aquifer including • Review data collected and processed since visits to production and monitoring boreholes the Second Technical Regional Meeting and irrigation farms was also undertaken. (May 2014) by the three National Technical Transboundary Groups (NTTGs) engaged Summary of Main Actions, in the project, Conclusions and Decisions of the • To discuss harmonization and analysis First Follow up Technical Mission of data across the three countries, on Project Implementation • To carry out consultations with gov- Main actions, conclusions and deci- ernment authorities. sions taken during the First Follow up Technical Mission on Project Implemen- Objectives and Structure of the tation are as follows: First Follow up Technical Mission • NTTGs have a clear understanding of on Project Implementation the project methodology and planning. Objectives of the Mission • UNESCO-IHP provided guidance to the Main objectives of the First Follow up NTTGs on the next phase of data collection Technical Mission on Project Implemen- in accordance to the project methodology. tation are as follows: • Review of hydrogeological, socioeco- • To present the up-to-date project method- nomic and environmental, and legal and ology to NTTGs. institutional parameters and variables • To review and analyze the results obtained delivered in accordance to the project in the second phase of data collection of methodology. hydrogeological, socioeconomic and envi- • UNESCO-IHP updated government repre- ronmental, and legal and institutional sentatives about the project progress. parameters and variables. • UNESCO-IHP obtained guidance from • To provide guidance to the NTTGs on government representatives about next the next phase of data collection. activities and project meetings. • Obtain an agreement on the priorities • Agreement on project milestones for and schedule of data collection and pro- end of data collection and start of data cessing activities based on the project harmonization. methodology. • Agreement on reporting templates for • To follow-up and discuss the upcoming data deliverables. collection and harmonization activities. • Confirmation of the next Regional Tech- • To update government representatives nical meeting in South Africa in end-October about project progress. 2014 and the following Regional Technical • To obtain guidance from government meeting in Botswana (tentatively scheduled representatives about next activities and in April 2015). project meetings. • To prepare the next Regional meeting. Detailed Report of the First Follow up Technical Mission on Project Structure of the Mission Implementation – Botswana The mission was organized in political (6-9 August 2014) and technical meetings in each of the three Political meetings (7 August 2014) countries involved in the project. Political Two political meetings were held on 7 meetings aimed at updating government August 2014. During the morning Mr Ross, representatives from the relevant countries’ Mr Carvalho Resende and Prof Kirchner groundwater institutions (e.g. Departments had an appointment at the Department of Water Affairs) about project progress and of Water Affairs (DWA) in Gaborone to carry out consultation with government update government representatives about

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project progress and obtain their guidance usable for agriculture (sometimes) but water about next activities and project meetings. in the deeper aquifer (250-350 m) can be Upon suggestion of representatives of the used for human consumption. Some people DWA, the following meeting took place in have received land development permits the afternoon and consisted on a visit to the and invested but water is unsuitable or Department of Geological Survey (DGS) in unavailable. Lobatse aiming at obtaining full support of the DGS to facilitate the collection of key The Ministry of Minerals, Energy and hydrogeological and environmental data. Water Resources (MMEWR) covers water, mines, energy and geological survey. Each The meeting at the DWA was chaired of these sectors is covered by a Department. by Mr Phofuetsile (Deputy Director - DWA) Following the restructuring of the MMEWR and Mr Setloboko (Head of Groundwater in the 2010s, the DWA retained the leading Division - DWA). The Botswana project’s role in monitoring and managing water Country Focal Point (CFP), Mr Kenabatho resources for all other ministerial and paras- also participated in the meeting. The meet- tatal bodies. Water allocations are assessed ing started with a brief introduction by by the Water Apportionment Board, and Mr Ross on the aim of the follow up mis- water delivery functions together with bore sion. He emphasized the importance of the monitoring records have been transferred mission as an enabler to keep the momen- to a new water utility, the Water Utilities tum obtained at the Second Regional Corporation (WUC). DWA representatives Technical Meeting, to overview ongoing stressed that one of the major challenges activities, and challenges found on the of the data collection process is to gather ground by the NTTG. The representatives the data that has been scattered through from the Government of Botswana at the the different Departments of the MMEWR DWA confirmed their government’s com- since the restructuration. Most of Botswana mitment to the project and their willingness portion of the Stampriet aquifer hydro- to give all necessary support to the NTTG. geological and environmental data can They also stressed that the importance of be found at the library of the DGS. DWA the project is to compile information that representatives set up a meeting with their is currently scattered due to the restruc- counterpart at the DGS, Mr Ngwisanyi turation of the water resources sector in (Director), aiming at providing an update Botswana and contribute to the quantifi- of ongoing activities and obtaining full cation of the country’s water resources. support of the DGS to facilitate the collec- For instance, the latest map of Botswana’s tion of key hydrogeological and environ- groundwater resources was produced in mental data. 1987, and the project provides an opportunity to update that work. Meeting at the Department of Geological Survey (DGS) in Botswana – From left to right: Mr Kenabatho (Botswana Country After the presentation of the mission’s Focal Point, Mr Ross (UNESCO-IHP), Mr Lentswe (Botswana objectives by UNESCO-IHP experts, DWA hydrogeology Expert), Prof Kirchner (Regional Project Coordinator). representatives gave a detailed overview of Botswana portion of the Stampriet aquifer, and the challenges in the data collection process resulting from the restructuration of the water-related governmental bodies responsibilities in Botswana, specifically the groundwater resources management.

Water consumption from the Stampriet aquifer is divided between settlements in the northern (e.g. Sladeshill, Kang) and southern Kalahari (around Hukuntsi). There is little irrigation in the region. The water in the shallow aquifer is saline, and only

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Another major challenge in the data the importance of hydrogeological and envi- collection process is obtaining reliable ronmental data available at the library information of private boreholes as they of the DGS was emphasized. Mr Ngwisanyi are not under supervision of the DWA. expressed his full support to the project Such challenge comes from a loophole for and prompted to facilitate the collection domestic water use in the Water Act of 1968. of all relevant data. Mr Ngwisanyi also The Government has the ownership of added that the collection of reliable infor- groundwater and provides land rights for mation of private boreholes is a major exploitation. Privately owned boreholes at challenge in Botswana. large developments are subject to permits and regulations but smaller privately owned Technical meeting (8 August 2014) boreholes are not, and there is no require- The technical meeting was held at the ment for metering. University of Botswana and was attended by the Botswana NTTG, CFP, UNESCO-IHP Mr Phofuetsile also stated that the DWA experts and the RPC. The aim of the meeting is understaffed and with little institutional was to review the data that has already been memory because of a substantial loss of collected by the NTTG, and discuss the trained hydrogeologist in the MMEWR, next phase of data collection and harmo- mostly to mining. It is an ongoing challenge nization. The meeting was largely devoted for the MMEWR to make the case for recruit- to review the priority set of variables and ment. Possible arguments include, increasing parameters of the GGRETA methodology groundwater consumption and approving agreed at the Second Regional Technical outsourced work. meeting in May 2014. Hydrogeological data was discussed first, followed by socioe- Finally, the morning meeting at the conomic and environmental, and legal and DWA finished with its representatives institutional data. The presentations were expressing the importance of communica- followed by a discussion of main actions, tion within the NTTG, and the full commit- challenges, conclusions and decisions ment of the Government of Botswana to for the final phase of data collection and moving forward towards the implemen- initial phase of data harmonization. tation of a Multi Country Consultative Body (MCCB) to improve the management Hydrogeological data: of the Stampriet transboundary aquifer Mr Lentswe (Hydrogeology Expert – by offering the assistance of DWA’s legal Botswana) presented a georeferenced map experts. DWA representatives also stressed of the Botswana portion of the Stampriet that it would be preferable to have the next aquifer and listed the Government Depart- regional meeting in South Africa, planned ments that he visited to collect data: in October 2014, because of Botswana general • Department of Meteorological Services election at that time; and that internal (climate data); meetings where the NTTG could brief • Department of Surveys and Mapping ministry staff would be desirable and could (land use); be arranged by the CFP, Mr Kenabatho. • Department of Crop Production (soil types with description manuals); The afternoon meeting at the DGS in • Department of Water Affairs (hydrogeol- Lobatse was chaired by Mr Kenabatho. The ogy, copies of borehole certificates, reports). purpose of the meeting was to provide an overview of the GGRETA project, introduce He stressed that he has faced difficulties UNESCO-IHP experts to the Director of the to follow the priority set of variables and DGS, Mr Ngwisanyi, and obtain full sup- parameters initially agreed because of modi- port of the DGS to facilitate the collection fications to the project supporting letter of key hydrogeological and environmental requested by Government Departments. The data. Mr Ross gave an overview of the project following metadata has been captured in design and details of project activities accordance with the project methodology: expected in 2014. He explained the project • A.1 Temperature. execution arrangements and emphasized • A.2 Precipitation.

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

• A.3 Evapo-transpiration. • Water Utilities Corporation Act (Cap 72:09). • A.5 Topography and elevation. • Environmental Impact Assessment Act • A.6 Surface water networks. (Cap 65:07). • B.1 Hydrogeology map. • Mines, Quarries, Works and Machinery • C.2 Aquifer lithology. Act (Cap 44:02).

Socioeconomic and Mr Itumeleng stressed that from the environmental data: Legislation identified, it is clear that the Ms Mosetlhi (Socioeconomic and envi- provisions made for surface water, fresh- ronmental Expert – Botswana) presented water resources apply to groundwater. The the data that she was able to collect and 1968 Water Act covers abstraction and use, highlighted that she had been able to abatement and control of water pollution. secure more parameters and variables of Control of water pollution is also covered the GGRETA methodology than what was by the Agrochemicals Act. The Town & initially agreed at the Second Regional Country Planning Act makes provision for Technical meeting in May 2014 (i.e. D1, the orderly and progressive development D2, E1 and E2). Nevertheless, she stressed of land in both urban and rural areas and that the state in which archives are kept, to preserve and improve the amenities the shift in rural water supply manage- thereof; for the grant of permission to ment from DWA to WUC, and the fact that develop land and for other powers of control the aquifer is located in a remote and less over the use of land; and for purposes researched area (i.e. Kgalagadi District) ancillary to or connected with the matters are major challenges in data collection. aforesaid. The Waterworks Act is meant to Additionally, she highlighted that data or encourage and protect public water supply literature relating to ground and surface systems. The Borehole Act specifies that water abstraction or use levels is the most before a borehole, of a depth of 15 meters difficult to obtain and most likely would and beyond is sunk, one must provide the require to be estimated using techniques Director of DGS with such intention to. The to be decided with the RPC and Management form provided for by the Director must be Unit. Finally, she listed the Government completed by recording the progress of the Departments and consultancy firms that work which shall include measurements she visited to collect data: of the strata passed through and of the • Department of Water Affairs (DWA). levels at which water is struck and subse- • Department of Waste Management & quently rests. Groundwater is herein pro- Pollution Control (DWM&PC). tected by the provisions herein. • Department of Geological Survey (DGS). • Ministry of Local Government (Devel- Mr Itumeleng then presented the legal opment Planning and Rural Development). status of groundwater ownership. According • Statistics Botswana (SB). to the 1968 water Act, the State owns all • Water Utilities Corporation (WUC). water resources. The State has delegated • Consultancy firms (Geoflux, Water Resources water user and development rights to vari- Consultants, Geoscience Consulting Services ous stakeholders such as the Water Utilities and individual resource persons). Corporation (WUC), District Councils (DCs), self-providers (including livestock owners, Legal and institutional data: arable farmers and mining companies that Mr Itumeleng (Legal and institutional operate outside villages and settlements). Expert – Botswana) started his presentation The Water Utilities Corporation (WUC) with Bostwana relevant legal and insti- has the duty to provide safe drinking water tutional statutes that are relevant to the to urban and rural areas in so-called water project, which are listed as follows: work areas. WUC has a monopoly in these • Water Act (Cap 34:01). areas; others are, for example, not allowed • Agrochemicals Act (Cap 35:09). to drill boreholes in these areas. The WUC • Town & Country Planning Act (32:09). has to break even, i.e. charge the full resource • Waterworks Act (Cap 34:03). costs to end users. The District Councils (DCs) • Borehole Act (Cap 34:03). operate and maintain the water supply

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

systems in all other rural villages, usually held in end-October 2014. Further instruc- through the Water and Sanitation Division. tion on processed data deliverables will Self-providers apply for surface or ground- be given by UNESCO-IHP upon submission water rights to the Water Apportionment of NTTG first deliverable. Board (WAB). The WAB grant such rights with an abstraction ceiling and the duty General Comments to return as much water as possible of The mission was very successful in the original quality. Details of boreholes gaining support of governments of South (e.g. yields, depth, water quality etc.) are Africa, Botswana, and Namibia for the recorded in the National Borehole Registry. project. The key partners were informed about the objectives and structure of the Finally, Mr Itumeleng stressed that the project, which found broad agreement and SADC Tribunal has not been operational special interest was shown for the GGRETA which hinders enforcement action by the project gender component and capacity competent law enforcement. development in international law and water diplomacy. The mission was also an Main actions, conclusions opportunity to meet a large number of and decisions regional experts who might participate in Main actions, conclusions and decisions the upcoming phases of the project. of the technical meeting are listed below: • Botswana NTTG has clear understanding During the mission, NTTGs started of the project methodology and planning. discussing on data processing and harmo- • Clarification of contractual deliverables. nization. For instance, questions such as the • Agreement on reporting templates that percentage of the population depending will be made available by UNESCO-IHP. on the aquifer, and transboundary aspects • Second deliverable set of parameters and of the aquifer were raised. Although the variables to end of August will include: Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System - A. Physiography and Climate, is made up of eleven different geological - B. Aquifer geometry, groups/formations/sub-formations, the - C.1.1. Natural recharge, only real “transboundary” aquifers are - C.6. Total groundwater volume including the confined Nossob; Mukorob; and Auob percentage extractable and percentage aquifers. It is recommended that the inves- usable (water quality), tigation be restricted to the area of the - C.7. Groundwater depletion, Prince Albert Formation aquifers which - D. Environmental aspects, are the only “transboundary” aquifers and - E. Socio-economic aspects, the study area be delineated accordingly. - F. Legal and Institutional aspects (Ques- Any transboundary monitoring and man- tions 1 to 40). agement of aquifer should be restricted to • Second deliverable set to mid-October these. To what degree other aquifers that which includes data collected for all para- may or may not be present in individual meters and variables in accordance to the areas contribute to the total water use; or project methodology. This deliverable should their groundwater potential needs to be also include processed data to be presented decided on. The non-transboundary aquifers in the Regional Technical Meeting to be should, however be treated separately. ■

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Conserve Maintain Restore Botswana Forests

Introduction The Tropical Forest Conservation Act (TFCA) was enacted in 1998 by the United States Government (USG) to offer developing countries options to relieve certain eligible debt owed to the United States, while at the same time providing funds, in local currency, to support Tropical Forest Conservation activities. In addition to forest conservation and debt relief, the TFCA is intended to strengthen civil society by giving small grants to NGOs and local communities.

In October 2006, the Governments of the United States of America and the Republic of Botswana signed the first TFCA Agreement in Africa. The Agreement culminated in the formation of a company called Forest Conservation Botswana (FCB) which is a non-profit making entity. The Government of the Republic of Botswana in 2007 established a special fund, known as the Tropical Forest Conservation Fund (TFCF). The purpose of the TFCF is to promote activities designed to conserve, maintain and restore the forests of Botswana, including such world famous areas as the Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park region, in accordance with the terms of the Tropical Forest Conservation Agreement, the Forest Act and National Forest Policy.

FCB Forest Conservation Strategy The FCB Forest Conservation Strategy seeks to balance forest conservation and improvements of rural livelihoods through the direct and indirect use of forest resources. This is the essence of sustainable development applied to the country’s forest resources in line with the goals of Vision 2016 and NDP10 and more recently with the 2012 Gaborone Declaration on Sustainability in Africa. FCB does not support livelihood improvements but focuses on forest conservation through improved forest management either forest MISSION resource preservation or all types of and livelihood improvements, To promote activities that maintain, restore, which will reduce pressure on forest resources and lead to greater protect and ensure sustainable utilization of appreciation of forests. Botswana forests by prudently managing the Three priority areas have been identified: Topical Forest Conservation Fund (TFCF). • Forest resources management; • Forest resources management in forest reserves; VISION • Community Based Natural Resources Management for forest appreciation and conservation. To be a reputable partner in Community Based Forest Conservation in Botswana. Indicative Potential Activities for Priority Areas: • Valuation and forest accounting. • Supporting communities in harvesting logs. • Management of invasive alien species. • Development of zones for land allocations. • Community fire management. • Joint venture between communities and private sector to operate eco-tourism projects in forest reserves. • Conservation agriculture.

Enquiries may be directed to: The Chief Executive Officer, Tel: +267 3158427, Fax: +267 3158426, P.O Box 5118, Gaborone, Botswana Email: [email protected] Gaborone International Finance Park, Hemamo House, Plot 144, Unit 1 Web: www.forestconservation.co.bw

BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Okavango Delta listed as 1000th UNESCO World Heritage Site Report on the 38th Session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee Meeting 15-25 June 2014, Doha, Qatar

Introduction • Technical Committee which Botswana as a State Party compiled the Dossier on the to the 1972 Convention on nomination of Okavango as the Protection of World Cul- a World Heritage Site, tural and Natural Heritage • Botswana National Com- attended the 38th session of mission for UNESCO, the UNESCO World Heritage • Botswana Tourism Organ- Committee which was held isation, Heritage is our legacy from the past, in Doha, Qatar from 15-25 • Brand Botswana, what we live with today, and what we June 2014. The purpose of the • Government Media. pass on to future generations. Our attendance was to receive a cultural and natural heritage are both decision on the nomination The Session started with irreplaceable sources of life and inspi- of Okavango as a World Her- the Official Opening on the ration. Places as unique and diverse itage Site. Botswana delega- 15th June 2014 by the Prime as the wilds of East Africa’s Serengeti, tion to the session was led by Minister of Interior of Qatar, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Honourable Tshekedi Khama, Abdullah bin Nasser bin Reef in Australia and the Baroque Minister for Environment, Khalifa Al Thani. The Prime cathedrals of Latin America make up Wildlife and Tourism. The dele- Minister announced a $10 mil- our world’s heritage. gation comprised of Repre- lion donation to a new fund sentatives from; to protect World Heritage sites What makes the concept of World • Ministry of Education and affected by conflict or natural Heritage exceptional is its universal Skills Development/Ministry disaster. The chairperson of application. World Heritage sites belong Responsible for Relations the Committee H.E. Sheikha to all the peoples of the world, irre- with UNESCO, Al Mayassa Bint Hamad Bin spective of the territory on which they • Department of National Khalifa Al Thani highlighted are located. Museum and Monuments, the the multiple threats facing custodian of the Convention, World Heritage today, and

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

called on “all of the States of General Assembly; the Rep- UNESCO seeks to encourage the the big World Heritage family” resentative of the UNESCO- identification, protection and preser- to support Qatar’s initiative Director General and Partic- vation of cultural and natural heritage by “contributing to this newly ipants of the World Heritage around the world considered to be of created fund.” Youth Forum. outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.

The World Heritage Convention is administered by a World Heritage Committee, which consists of 21 members elected from the States that are party to the Convention. The Committee is supported by a secretariat, the World Heritage Centre, which administers Botswana Delegation to the 38th Session of the World Heritage the World Heritage Fund. Committee, 15-25 June 2014, Doha, Qatar, with Head of the Delegation Hon. Minister of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism Tshekedi Khama. The World Heritage List includes 981 properties forming part of the She pointed out that this Proceedings of the 38th cultural and natural heritage which year the Committee will be Session of the World the World Heritage Committee con- very close to reaching 1000 Heritage Committee siders as having outstanding universal World Heritage properties The session started on value. These include 759 cultural, 193 inscribed in the List, she said Monday 16th June 2014 at natural and 29 mixed properties in the inscription of 1000th 0900hrs and dealt with 160 States Parties. World Heritage site “will be UNESCO Accounts, World an achievement in terms of Heritage Convention and The Criteria for Selection success of the World Heritage Sustainable Development, To be included on the World Her- Convention. It also under- UNESCO Standard Setting, itage List, sites must meet at least one lines the full commitment of State of Conservation of World out of ten selection criteria: the international community Heritage Properties in Danger, to the principle that lies at Nominations to the World Her- • To represent a masterpiece of human the heart of the Convention: itage List, clarifications on creative genius; a shared responsibility for the property boundaries and • To exhibit an important interchange humanity’s heritage of out- upstream processes, periodic of human values, over a span of time standing universal value.” reporting and election of the or within a cultural area of the world, Bureau for the 39th Session. on developments in architecture or Other speakers included The UNESCO World Her- technology, monumental arts, town- the Chair of the Executive itage Committee added 26 planning or landscape design; Board; the Chair of the UNESCO new sites to the World Heritage • To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; • To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history; • To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land- Listening to the discussions is Hon. Tshekedi Khama, with H.E Mr. Manyepedza Lesetedi use, or sea-use which is representative Botswana’s Ambassador to Kuwait (right), Mr Arnold Seeketso, Representing of a culture (or cultures), or human inter- Botswana’s Ambassador to the EU and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO (back), Mr Gaogakwe Phorano, Director, Department of National Museum and Monuments (left).

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List bringing the total of World Population of elephants Heritage List to 1007 in 161 Regarding the popula- action with the environment especially countries which included the tion of elephants, IUCN had when it has become vulnerable under Okavango Delta. The Com- wanted to know why there the impact of irreversible change; mittee also inscribed 22 new was variance on the ele- • To be directly or tangibly associated cultural sites and one mixed phant population size based with events or living traditions, with site. It added 3 sites to the List on the latest information sub- ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and of World Heritage in Danger mitted. The explanation given literary works of outstanding universal and removed one. It also exam- was that the discrepancy significance; ined the State of Conserva- emanated from the fact that • To contain superlative natural phe- tion reports of more than 100 there are new census figures nomena or areas of exceptional natural of the 981 existing World which put elephant popu- beauty and aesthetic importance; Heritage Properties. lation to 200 000 as opposed • To be outstanding examples repre- to 130 000 which was initially senting major stages of earth’s history, Meeting with International submitted in the dossier. including the record of life, significant Union for Conservation on-going geological processes in the of Nature (IUCN) Inscription of the development of landforms, or significant The Botswana Delegation Okavango Delta as a geomorphic or physiographic features; held a meeting with the Sen- World Heritage Site • To be outstanding examples repre- ior Advisor of IUCN Mr Peter The Okavango Delta was senting significant on-going ecological Shadie prior to listing of the inscribed as a 1000th World and biological processes in the evolution nominated site. He needed Heritage Site on the 22nd June and development of terrestrial, fresh clarification on the following 2014 without debates and water, coastal and marine ecosystems issues: amendments, which indi- and communities of plants and animals; • Composition of the Site, cated that the information • To contain the most important and • Hunting Ban, provided in the Dossier was significant natural habitats for in-situ • Population of elephants. sufficient and did not need conservation of biological diversity, any clarifications or addi- including those containing threatened Composition of the tional information. species of outstanding universal value Nominated Site from the point of view of science or He was informed that The World Heritage Com- conservation. the core area of the nomi- mittee made the decision to nated Site comprises of a List a Site from Africa region The protection, management, Game Reserve, two Wildlife as the 1000th Site and hence authenticity and integrity of properties Management Areas and 18 the Okavango Delta as it was are also important considerations. Controlled Hunting Areas. the only nomination site from ■ The confusion on the above Africa region. The site was emanated from IUCN who confused Wildlife Manage- ment Areas and Community Hunting Areas.

Hunting Ban With regard to the Hunt- ing Ban IUCN was informed that the State Party of Botswana took the decision to Ban hunting because of high rates of poaching cases and the decline in population species. The Ban is a statutory intervention and Hon. Minister of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism Mr Tshekedi Khama will be effective up to 31st giving speech after announcement of the adoption of the Okavango March 2015. He was informed Delta as a World Heritage Site. Sitting next to the Minister is that an animal census has Mr Gaogakwe Phorano - Director of the Department of National just been completed and it Museum and Monuments, Mr Rahim Kham - Chairperson of the will assist on the review of the Botswana National Commission for UNESCO and Ms Getrude Matswiri - ban and in future planning. Principal Curator, Archaeology and Monuments.

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nominated under Criterions animal sanitation and disease nently extinguish all the few (vii) superlative natural phe- control are possible to ratio- remaining mineral prospect- nomena or natural beauty nalise veterinary cordon fence ing concessions, which are or aesthetic importance, (ix) for effective disease control. scheduled to expire in 2014, Ecosystems/communities and ecological/biological processes, (x) biodiversity and threatened species. The Committee nego- tiated with Russia and United States of America whose sites were to be discussed for the 1000th site according to the One of the agenda, to allow Africa region pictures of to get the 1000th site. The deci- Okavango sion indicated the fulfilment Delta flagged of UNESCO’s Priority of Africa during the First. It indicates UNESCO’s A member of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) debate of the intention to encourage African congratulating Hon. Minister after the adoption of the draft decision nomination State Parties to list more sites to list Okavango as a World Heritage Site. Looking on is the Coordinator dossier. in the World Heritage List. of Botswana Education Hub, Mr Lucky T. Moahi.

without awarding any time- frame extensions and not issue any new concessions within the property. • Carefully monitor and manage mining in arrears outside the property so as to avoid any adverse impacts to the property. • Carefully monitor mining in areas outside the property so as to avoid any adverse impacts within the property. • Expand and strengthen pro- Expectation of the World • Ensure that no extractive grammes which accommo- Heritage Committee industry activity is permitted date traditional resource use on Protection of the in the property and perma- for livelihood, user access rights, Okavango Delta as a World Heritage Site Following the Listing of Okavango Delta as a World Heritage Site, Botswana was requested to: • Continue efforts to develop, in partnership with Uni- versities, NGOs and wildlife experts, a coordinated and systematic monitoring programme to establish population baselines for key species and to track long term trends. Joyous moment, as delegates from Botswana were celebrating after the • Continue efforts to ratio- announcement of the Decision. From right to left, H.E Mr Manyepedza nalise veterinary cordon fenc- Lesetedi, Hon. Minister Tshekedi Khama, Mr Rahim Khan - Chairman ing, removing it when its effec- of the Botswana National Commission for UNESCO, Mrs Gertrude tiveness for disease control has Matswiri - Principal Curator, Department of National Museum and become questionable or where Monuments, Purene Bareetsi - Programme Officer - Culture, Botswana more holistic approaches to National Commission for UNESCO.

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cultural rights and access to reception, Botswana Flag, His Heritage Site reinforces other opportunities to participate Excellency President LT Gen. initiatives such as the commu- in the tourism sector in keep- Seretse Khama Ian Khama’s nity Based National Resource ing with the property’s Out- portrait were displayed. His Management Programme standing Universal Value; and Excellency, Mr Manyepedza which provides communities • Continue efforts to address Lesetedi, Botswana’s Ambas- with a mandate to manage a range of other protection sador to Kuwait was the Direc- and utilize resources within and management issues tor of Ceremony. The Hon- their setting. including governance, stake- ourable Minister made a holder empowerment, man- brief Statement, followed by He shared the following agement planning, manage- a Video shown on Botswana initiatives that Botswana pro- ment capacity and control and Okavango Delta. Video vided leadership on during of alien invasive species. and materials on Botswana 2013: • Submit by 01 February 2016, were made available to col- a report including a 1-page lect. 100 guests were invited • Botswana hosted the Summit executive summary, on the including the chair of the on Sustainability in Africa, state of conservation of the Committee, 21 members of a Framework for Sustaining property, including confirma- the World Heritage Commit- African resources. (Sept 2013). tion of progress on the issues tee, Minister’s and 13 SADC • In October 2013 Botswana and actions noted above to members and other heads of hosted the African Ministers ensure effective protection delegation of member States. of Environment (AMCEN) con- and management of the property, for examination by the World Heritage Committee at its 40th session in 2016.

Exhibition on the Nominated Site, Okavango Delta The Exhibition on Oka- vango Delta was held immediately after the Listing of the site. It included materials from Department of National Museum and Monuments, Botswana Tourism Organ- isation, Brand Botswana, Botswana’s Embassy to Kuwait and Botswana National Com- Hon. Minister giving speech during the Reception held immediately after the Listing of mission for UNESCO. Okavango Delta as World Heritage Site.

ference which dealt with issues of natural capital accounting and climate change. • In November 2013 Botswana also hosted the African Ele- phant Summit, which brought The Exhibition together all Elephant Range on Okavango land states to discuss ways Delta. and means of protecting the Reception In his speech, the Hon. African Elephant in the wake Reception was also held Minister mentioned that the of the rising poaching. immediately after Listing of Okavango Delta joins Tsodilo the Okavango Delta on the Hills as an inscribed World He said the above initia- 22nd June 2014 for 100 invi- Heritage Site in Botswana. tives reaffirm Botswana’s com- tees. National Anthem was He said the inscription of mitment to the sustainable played at the beginning of the Okavango Delta as a World development agenda.

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He stated that the recep- World Heritage in Africa. Six found around Tsodilo Hills. tion is Botswana’s modest way African State Parties partic- He said such initiatives are in which she would like to say ipated in the discussion. The meant to empower the local thank you to the World Her- Director-General of UNESCO, communities. itage Committee and to State Mrs Irina Bokova welcomed Parties to the 1972 UNESCO the participants and the Chair- The Director-General of Convention on the protec- person of the African World UNESCO, Mrs Irina Bokova tion on the World’s Natural Heritage Fund closed the dis- when welcoming partici- and Cultural Heritage. cussion. The Round Table pants remarked that following the Action Plan of the Periodic Report for the Africa Region, progress has been made towards increasing the number of African sites on the World Heritage List; improving conservation and risk management; and increasing community involvement and benefits to local communities. She commended the commitment of African State Parties to the World Heritage Conven- tion, and the effectiveness of Some of He announced that the allows African ministers to the implementation partners, the audience delegation from Botswana discuss their progress towards including the African World during the have provided videos, docu- fulfilling the objectives of the Heritage Fund, the School for Reception mentary film and brochures Implementation Plan 2012 African Heritage and the Cen- watching on Okavango, which will to 2017. The Honourable Min- tre for Heritage Development video on hopefully provide insight on ister, Tshekedi Khama gave in Africa. Okavango this “Jewel of the Kalahari”. a presentation on the com- Delta. munity initiatives carried out Chairperson of the African Side Events in Tsodilo Hills which was by World Heritage Fund (AWHF), Side Events were held then the only World Heritage Sibusiso Xaba, concluded by during lunch break and after Site in Botswana. He men- highlighting progress made the Sessions. Botswana dele- tioned training of the local through co-operation and a gation attended the following; community on the economic pooling of resources amongst • African Delegation Meetings. use of heritage resources African states: He said through • Advisory Bodies meetings. • Heritage in danger; Dialogue and Reconstruction.

Cultural Tours were also arranged and Botswana delegation participated in the following; • Islamic Museum. • Qatar Foundation. • Katara Village. • Al Zubarah Archaeological Sites.

3rd African Ministers Round Table Discussion on World Heritage in Africa Some of the African Ministers with UNESCO Director - General Mrs Irina Bokova The Honourable Ministers and Chairperson of the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee H.E. Sheikha participated in the 3rd African Al Mayassa Bint Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani after the 3rd African Ministers Roundtable Ministers Roundtable on on World Heritage in Africa.

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Hon. Minister Tshekedi Khama (right), Chairperson of the African World Heritage Fund (AWHF), Sibusiso Xaba (centre) and Director - General of UNESCO, Mrs Irina Bokova during the 3rd African Ministers Roundtable on World Heritage in Africa. the leadership provided by decisions taken during the build partnerships with other the African governments and, intergovernmental commit- Member States. with the contribution of funds tee meetings and sessions by many of the African states, such as these. The office will • It is important for the Tech- the AWHF has been able to have an opportunity to hold nical Working Team which take significant strides towards meetings and share adequate works on the nominated site building capacity within local information on nominated or listed property to attend communities to allow them to sites or states of conservation the World Heritage Sessions correctly conserve and benefit reports with other member so as to provide the necessary from World Heritage properties. states particularly committee information when need be members on day to day basis. and also to attend the side Election of the 39th It was clear that debates held events which can provide the Session of the World before the decisions are taken relevant information regard- Heritage Committee depend on how much the ing the World Heritage sites. The Committee elected committee members know Germany as the chairperson about the nominated site or • Recommendations made of the 39th Session of the World progress report being discussed by the advisory bodies on the Heritage Committee and which affects the final deci- nominated site or state of con- there-fore the 39th Session of sions taken. servation report can change the World Heritage Com- during committee debates mittee will be held in Bonn, • State Parties donate funds and it is imperative for all the Germany from 28th June to to support implementation technical experts who worked 08th July 2015. of various programmes and on the dossier or report to be activities of other State Parties present to provide additional Lessons learned or of the Convention. This pro- information. from the 38th Session motes the visibility of such of the World State Parties and built part- • The session was preceded Heritage Committee nerships amongst them. The by the World Heritage Youth • It is imperative for Botswana donation is done in addition Forum. Botswana National as a State Party to the con- to the annual contribution of Commission for UNESCO vention to open an office in the State Parties to the con- Youth Desk should participate UNESCO headquarters, Paris. vention. Botswana as a State in the coming World Heritage This will enable Botswana to Party to the Convention should Youth Forum so as to learn build support with Committee consider funding some of the the role of the youth on the members which will greatly programmes or activities to World Heritage. influence the adoption of promote its visibility and to ■

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Botswana Delegation to the 38th Session of the World Heritage Committee

NAME & SURNAME MINISTRY & POSITION DEPARTMENT/ORGANISATION Hon. Tshekedi Khama Environment, Wildlife and Tourism Minister

Mr. Arnold Seeketso Foreign Affairs and International Representing Botswana’s Cooperation Ambassador to the EU and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO

H.E Mr. Manyepedza Lesetedi Foreign Affairs and International Botswana’s Ambassador Cooperation to Kuwait

Mr. Modisaotsile Mabutho Foreign Affairs and International Botswana’s Deputy Cooperation Ambassador to Kuwait

Mr Rahim Khan Botswana National Commission for UNESCO Chairperson

Mr. Lucky Moahi Ministry of Education and Skills Coordinator, Botswana Development / Ministry Responsible for Education Hub Relations with UNESCO

Mr Gaogakwe Phorano Environment, Wildlife and Director Tourism- Department of National Museum and Monuments

Ms Obenne Mbaakanyi Botswana Tourism Organisation Communications and Marketing Manager

Dr Mike Murray-Hudson University of Botswana Okavango Research Ecology Academic Institute

Mr Hossia Chimbombi Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Chief Minerals Officer Resources – Department of Mines

Mr Bathusi Batsile Environment, Wildlife and Tourism – Senior Wildlife Officer Department of Wildlife and National Parks

Dr Naidu Kurugundla Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Chief Water Resources Resources – Department of International Officer Waters

Mr Peter Batsalelwang Ministry of Presidential Affairs and Public Photo Journalist – Administration – Department of Broadcasting Botswana Television

Ms Ludo Chube Ministry of Presidential Affairs and Public Print Journalist – Administration – Department of Information Botswana Daily News Services

Ms Gertrude Matswiri Environment, Wildlife and Tourism – Principal Curator – Department of National Museum and Archaeology and Monuments Monuments

Ms Segametsi Radise Environment, Wildlife and Tourism – Chief Curator – Education Department of National Museum and and Publicity Monuments

Ms Purene B. Bareetsi Botswana National Commission for UNESCO Culture Programme Officer

BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO

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UNESCO World Heritage Volunteer Programme 2013: Tsodilo Hills Camp Maintenance Project

Introduction The World Heritage Vol- unteers (WHV) initiative was launched in 2008 to mobilize and involve young people and youth organizations in World Heritage preservation and promotion. To raise awareness among young people, volun- international and regional • Foster cooperation between teers, local communities, and volunteer service organiza- local youth organizations, concerned authorities of the tions. The main objective of communities, site manage- need to protect and promote World Heritage Volunteers ment and authorities. World Heritage. The project (WHV) initiative is to : • Identify best practices and continues to receive a consid- • To get young people involved develop non-formal education erable amount of attention on in World Heritage preserva- tools to facilitate stakeholders’ social media, raising aware- tion through concrete projects participation in the World ness of World Heritage issues at sites, allowing them to Heritage education. and volunteer activity oppor- learn new skills and express tunities among youths. The ideas. The World Heritage Vol- UNESCO World Heritage Cen- • Provide young people with unteers initiative consists of tre coordinates the overall opportunities to learn basic youth action camps, which implementation of the ini- preservation and conserva- are organized by local youth tiative in collaboration with tion techniques. organizations or NGOs. The action camps generally last between two or four weeks, where young volunteers carry out concrete actions, comprising both hands-on preventive conservation activities and information sessions on issues related to World Heritage, as well as activities carried out together with local communities. Each action camp accommodates some ten to thirty national and international volunteer participants.

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Botswana Work camps demics, spiritualists and tourist camps Association to protect, Association and Botswana from around the world; over preserve the rock paintings UNESCO Youth Forum com- 12 000 visitors visited the site and ensure that the Tsodilo mittee successfully carried out in 2013. Community continue to make a living of the site.

Major Partners involved in the Project Department of National Museum and Monuments The department provided a professional guide to lead the volunteers through the hills as they worked and also provided tools and accommodation in the campsite.

Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture The Ministry provided funds for meals throughout the project.

Ministry of Education and Skills Development/Ministry Tsodilo Hills a Tsodilo Hills camp mainte- Since the site attracts a responsible for relations with paintings. nance project. The programme huge following from around UNESCO in Botswana was held at Tsodilo Hills at the world, it is imperative The Ministry provided tsodilo on the 1-18th December that Botswana protects and transport for all the volun- 2013. Tsodilo is a UNESCO preserves it not only for pur- teers to and from Tsodilo World Heritage Site (WHS) poses of ensuring that it doesn’t Hills World Heritage Site. located in northwestern Bot- lose its status as a world her- swana. It gained its WHS itage site but to ensure con- Botswana Work Camp listing in 2001 because of its tinuous economical benefits Association unique religious and spiritual for the Tsodilo Community. The Association initiated significance to local peoples, Through the Tsodilo Commu- the project. Four of their mem- as well as its unique record nity Trust, the site is a money bers participated in the proj- of human settlement over spinning project which has ect, two were students from many millennia. It contains uplifted the lives of the Tsodilo University of Botswana; one over 4,500 rock paintings Community. a teacher; one a photographer in an area of approximately and one a lawyer. 10 km2 within the Kalahari To ensure that the Tsodilo Desert. Tourists from Botswana Community continues to Botswana National and outside visit this site in reap financial benefits from Commission for UNESCO – large numbers every year. their ancestors’ inheritance, Youth Forum Committee it is important that the site The Committee mobilized About Tsodilo Hills is kept safe for visitors and resources and volunteers for Tsodilo Hills, affectionately that the tourist attracting the project. They managed to known as the mountains of paintings are protected and mobilise seven volunteers, 5 the Gods as it is believed to be preserved. males and 3 females. The vol- the home of ancestors’ spirits, unteers included three teachers; houses invaluable ancient rock From the foregoing and in one administration officer; paintings. The Mountain of line with the World Heritage two students from University the Gods is the only site in Volunteer theme, Botswana of Botswana; one Graphic Botswana which has thus far UNESCO Youth Forum Com- Designer and one Youth Desk been declared a World Her- mittee found it fitting to part- officer from Botswana National itage Site and attracts aca- ner with Botswana Work- Commission for UNESCO.

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Maintenance of the Hills, Male, Female Hills (1st Project) Through the ten days the trails were maintained, trees cut and the condition of the Hills was upgraded with the supervision of a guide. The team also took time to view the rock paintings during the exercise. Maintenance work was done on the roads around the Hills. Objectives of the • To document a video docu- Tsodilo Hills Camp mentary of the Tsodilo Hills. Maintenance Project In addition to commem- Tsodilo Hills Camp orating World Heritage Vol- Maintenance Project unteer Programme 2013, the In line with the Tsodilo objectives for partnering with Hills rituals, the team formally BWA and Tsodilo Community introduced itself before the Trust in the above mentioned Tsodilo Community Trust in project were: the morning of the 6th of • For to implement UNESCO December 2013. 1972 Convention on the Pro- tection of the World Cultural The team was warmly On the last day interviews and Natural Heritage, the welcomed by Mr Mathe, the were made in the commu- main objective for the camp community trust’s elders and nity on seeing how much was to; workers. The team and the trust people know about the her- • Renovate the trails and noted that they appreciated itage site, and how they ben- paths by cutting down the the Botswana Work Camps efit from it and how it should trees that were blocking the Association and Botswana be improved. trails and fixing the trail to UNESCO Youth Committee prevent erosion; for having found it fit to come The Child Hill (2nd Project) • Maintain service roads by all the way from Gaborone to The Child’s hill walk way filling in the pot holes and cut come and assist in preserving was totally not safe for the trees on the roads that lead the Hills. tourists and at some point the to the hills; walk way was not visible at • Conduct community out- The team was further all. With the few equipments reach through sensitizing the introduced to the Tsodilo Com- we had and through the rain Tsodilo community about the munity Trust workers who we managed to craft a safe importance of their heritage we were to work with in the walk way. site; Tsodilo Maintenance Project. ■ • To forge partnership/relations with BWA and Tsodilo Community trust in aspects of cultural and Natural Heritage; • Since this was a first project to be handled by the current Botswana UNESCO Youth Forum Committee; the project was to be used to gauge the committee’s capabilities and readiness to handle complex assignments. Further we endeavored to use the project as a team building exercise;

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Botswana Cultural Property Soon to be Protected Ratification of the 1970, 1954 and the UNIDROID conventions

by Ms Winani Kgwatalala Head of Ethnology Division, Department of National Museum and Monuments

Project Background Project Team Team also carried out the The Botswana National The ratification process awareness exercises to com- Museum is facilitating ratifi- is facilitated by a Project munities and other govern- cation of the 1970 conven- Team comprising different ment structures. It has repre- tion on the means of Prohibit- stakeholders as stated already. sentative from the following ing the Illegal Import and The Task Team was estab- departments: Export and Transfer of Cul- lished in May 2013 and its • Department of National tural Property, the 1954 con- main task was to supervise Museum and Monuments, vention on the Protection of the programme and to act • Botswana Police Service, Cultural Property in Times of as the national reference body • Botswana Defense Force, Armed Conflicts and the 1995 throughout the consultancy • INTERPOL, UNIDROIT Convention on period as well as the ratifi- • Botswana National Achieves the Export and Import (resti- cation process. The task team and Records, tution of cultural property also revised consultancy work • Botswana National Com- back to countries of origin). to ensure quality work. The mission for UNESCO,

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• Department of Immigration, of heritage in Botswana also met Botswana National • Botswana Unified Revenue and what needs to be done Museum professionals to dis- Service, to safeguard it. While in cuss issues on illicit trafficking • Department of Arts and Botswana he met Botswana and the conventions for a more Culture, National Museum Curators, professional view of issues. • Community Museums, law enforcers, he visited the • Attorney Generals Chambers, National Archives and also The awareness and con- • Directorate of Corruption met with the Chairman of sultation with communities and Economic Crime, the Botswana National Com- kick started with an address • University of Botswana, mission for UNESCO. of Ntlo Ya Dikgosi (House of • Department of Wildlife and The Terms of Reference Chiefs). This was important National Parks, for the Consultancy and the and deliberate as there was • Civil Aviation Authority of Final Report on the Policy need to consult community Botswana. Review is attached. leaders before visiting their communities. Project Achievements Community Awareness/ Consultancy Consultations A consultant, Professor On the 22nd August 2013 Shyllon a Nigerian national a refresher workshop was held and a lawyer by profession for the Task Team to prepare recommended by the UNESCO them for community consul- was engaged. The duty of tation on heritage issues, the the consultant was to assess conventions and the problem Botswana laws and make of illicit trafficking of cultural recommendations for the property. The task team had amendment and or develop- a general discussion on the ment of a new law to allow conventions and to take new for domestication and imple- members through the conven- Part of the attendants at Good Hope Kgotla mentation of the conventions. tions and ratification process. during mobilization campaign for domestication By June 2013 the consultant From the 2nd-9th February of UNESCO Conventions. submitted an inception report. 2014, Professor Shyllon came From July 21st - 27st 2013 the to Botswana for the second From 16th-21st September consultant came to Botswana and last time to meet with 2013, the task team under- to meet with the Project Team the task team to discuss the took the campaign to major and for further consultation final draft of the report. While villages to address commu- with stakeholders on the state in Botswana the consultant nities through kgotla meeting on illicit trafficking of cultural Deputy Director for Botswana UNESCO Commission, Mr Oteng Mokowe, Professor property and the conventions. Folarin Shyllon (consultant) and Head of Ethnology Division/ Botswana National Major villages from different Museum, Ms Kgwatalala. regions of the country such as Mahalapye, Palapye, Lerala, Bobonong Tati, Masunga, Shakawe, and Kasane were visited. The purpose of the campaign was to consult Batswana and seek their opinion on the conventions. The exercise was a success and most of the targeted villages were covered. The second phase of the exercise continued again from November till February, with the task team visiting villages other areas such as Gumare, Hukuntsi, Serowe, Tutume, Ghanzi, etc. This was a success as most

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people were positive and really showed that laws like this one were long overdue. Political leaders were also consulted. Full councils were addressed for example, Gaborone City Council, Southern District Council, Chobe District Coun- cil, North East District Council etc. Just like the communities, the councilors felt that laws such as the conventions under discussion were long overdue and there was need to start this as soon as possible.

Different media strategies were also used to consult Batswana. A Radio jingle was produced and it was uted to the communities and warranted for re-visiting of aired during the Museum Pro- the banners used during com- the concerned villages. gramme (Motswedi wa Ditso) munity consultations. An • Some Project Team members in Radio Botswana. Museum advert has recently been pro- were not able to participate in management staff also went duced and will be flighted on the consultations, in meetings to different radio programmes Botswana Television from and workshops due to other to address Batswana and to August till September 2014. work related commitments. sensitize them on the illicit Different newspapers have • Lack of transport in the trafficking of cultural property. also covered the subject of Department for the aware- The Project Team was also conventions and a press ness exercise which led to engaged through a television release was also done to the reliance on other government programme debate called same effect. Departments for transport to ‘Molemo wa Kgang’ which was transport the Project Team to aired on Botswana television. Project Challenges different parts of the country. Brochures and banners were • Lack of representative atten- produced and were distrib- dance in some villages, which Conclusion The consultant has submitted the final draft of the inception report together with his recommendation. Money from UNESCO has been spent accordingly. The report from community consultations has been produced. The two reports are to accompany a prepared policy document recommending for the amendment of the law to cabinet, once approval is granted, these will be submitted to the Attorney Generals Chambers for the drafting and enactment of a relevant law. This will also be accompanied by the preparation of ratification instruments for signing by Councilors in Kasane listening attentively to the presentation on conventions by the president. Chief Curator, Ms Winani Kgwatalala. ■

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Safeguarding the Living Heritage Report on the Fifth Session of the General Assembly of the States Parties to the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2-5 June 2014 – Paris, France

by Nakiso Kubanji

Report of the Committee requests for international assis- T he 5th Session of the to the General Assembly tance; implementation reports General Assembly of the States on its activities between submitted by States Parties Parties to the 2003 Convention June 2012 – June 2014 as well as requests for accred- for the Safeguarding of the As per Article 7 of the Con- itation of non- governmental Intangible Cultural Heritage vention of the safeguarding organisations. was held in Paris from the 2- of the Intangible Cultural 5 June 2014. The Botswana Heritage, one of the functions The Committee reported delegation which was led by of the Committee which was that in the same period 14 Mr. Kago Ramokate, Deputy elected in June 2012 is to give states ratified the Convention Permanent Secretary - Policy a status report on its functions and at the fifth session 158 Development and Research, to the General assembly of the States were party to the Con- in the Ministry of Youth, Sport States Parties to the Conven- vention. The Committee gave and Culture (MYSC), com- tion. The Committee comprises priority to capacity building prised of Mr. Oteng Mokowe of 24 members of whom half at national level in order to - Botswana National Commis- were renewed in 2012 to serve recognise effective imple- sion for UNESCO and Ms. a term of four years and these mentation of the Convention Nakiso Kubanji - Principal included Albania, Azerbaijan, as well as bring about deeper Programmes Officer I, Inter- Belgium, Brazil, Burkina Faso, understanding and knowl- national Conventions and China, Cezh Republic; Egypt, edge of the same. This was Bilateral Agreements - MYSC. Greece, Grenada, Indonesia, supported to the amount of Japan, Kyrgyzstan. Latvia, US$ 535,811 (January 2012 Official Opening and Madagascar, Morocco, Nami- – December 2013). The Com- Election of the Bureau bia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Peru, mittee also completed the The 5th Session of the Gen- Spain, Tunisia, Uganda and content development for four eral Assembly of the States Uruguay. Botswana falls under priority programmes for Parties to the 2003 Convention electoral group V (a) and in capacity building (ratifica- for the Safeguarding of the our region we are currently tion, implementation of the Intangible Cultural Heritage represented by Namibia which Convention at the national was officially opened and will serve its term till 2016. level, preparation of inven- presided by Ms Irina Bokova, tories and elaboration of nom- Director-General of UNESCO. It was reported that since inations) and the materials its election the Committee had have been produced in both The following were elected met three times with different English and French. The as the Bureau: chairpersons and assistants revision of the Operational • Chairperson of the Bureau from the various members of Directives necessitated the H.E. Mr Awad Ali Saleh (United the Committee. Some of the revision of the Basic Text of Arab Emirates); activities of the previous Com- the Convention into the six • Vice-Chairs: Norway, Czech mittee included dealing with working languages. Training Republic, Brazil, Malaysia, 55 items inscribed in their materials on a set of inter- Congo; agenda over the two years; active modules on the devel- • Rapporteur: Ms Panagiota 66 information/working doc- opment of safeguarding plans; Adrianopoulou (Greece). uments; 144 nominations; a special unit on the contri-

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bution of ICH to sustainable • Inscription of an element bution to sustainable devel- development and gender on an extended or reduced opment particularly on the issues in relationship to ICH basis; occasion of the tenth anniver- have been set up. • Evaluation of files; sary of the Convention. • Definition of ‘emergency’ Efforts have also been for the purposes of interna- Furthermore the Com- made to strengthen capac- tional assistance; mittee approved two expert ities and expand the network • Raising awareness about meetings on ICH and cli- of 79 facilitators currently con- intangible cultural heritage; mate change with funds from ducting capacity - building • The Intangible Cultural Vietnam and another on ICH activities on priority topics Heritage Fund; and and sustainable develop- worldwide. Furthermore, the • Reporting to the Committee. ment funded by Turkey. The Committee published the Sub- Fund of the ICH Fund updated List of Intangible Use of the resources of the exclusively devoted to enhanc- Cultural Heritage in Need of Intangible Heritage Fund ing the human capacities of Urgent Safeguarding and the With regards the use of the Secretariat also received Representative List of the ICH the resources for the Intan- contributions. of Humanity, including programmes selected for the Register of Best Safeguarding Practices. By December 2013 the Committee had allocated a total sum of US$ 207,000 from the Intangible Cultural Heritage Fund. In order to increase the usefulness of the Register of Best Safeguarding Practices, the Committee compiled and made available information on methods, approaches and benefits of Earthenware different selected practices and pottery-making these will be used in capacity skills in building programmes. The Botswana’s materials on the Practices are Kgatleng available on: District - Year (http://www.unesco.org/cult inscribed 2012. ure/ich/en/Register) gible Cultural Heritage Fund As per Article 29 of the and a total amount of US$ and increasing the Fund’s Convention, the Committee 75,000 was used for promoting resources, the Committee received and examined 26 this purpose from January took a decision to continue reports from States Parties on 2012 – December 2013. the use of the Funds as per the legislative, regulatory and the previous year, with the other measures taken for the Revisions of the majority of the funds allocated implementation of the Con- Operational Directives for international assistance. vention. One of the reports was and Terminological The Committee received addi- on the ICH inscribed on the revisions tional voluntary funding from list of ICH in Need of Urgent The 5th Session of the States Netherlands, Norway and Safeguarding. Parties adopted resolutions Spain for capacity building with regards revision of the projects; for an open ended A total of 60 elements were Operational Directives as well intergovernmental working inscribed on the Convention as the terminology of the same. group to reflect on the scale List: 8/17 elements on the List The following areas in the or scope of an element specific of ICH in Need of Urgent Safe- different Operational Direc- actions (Japan); Monaco and guarding; 52/60 elements on tives were revised accordingly: Turkey’s funding covered an the Representative List of the • Criteria for inscription on exhibition on intangible cul- ICH of Humanity and 3/4 of the Urgent Safeguarding List; tural heritage and its contri- the Best Safeguarding Prac-

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tices. The Bureau approved work related to ICH and sus- as include the outcomes of 15 requests from 11 countries tainable development. the NGO Forums in the Com- asking for International Assis- mittee agenda. tance for requests greater The Committee also encour- than US$25,000 amounting aged the stakeholders to align The evaluation also to US$ 1,307,038. the four international coop- addressed the process of evalu- eration mechanisms of the ation of nominations, request The Committee continued Convention in :- and proposals for accredita- to work towards improving • Promoting the Urgent Safe- tion of NGO’s. The concern to the knowledge management guarding List by re-position- revise periodic reporting forms system that serves as an online ing it as an expression of was also noted to include spe- collaboration space for the States Parties commitment cific questions on Policy, legis- various lists and mechanisms to the safeguarding and to lation and gender; reports that of the Convention. It also reg- the implementation of the focus on results and activities; istered the new online regis- Convention; developing an overall results tration tool for participants • Promoting international framework for the Conven- in different statutory meetings, assistance tool for the safe- tion; and to encourage States management of requests to guarding and implementa- Parties to include informa- use the emblem of the Con- tion of the Convention; tion provided by the relevant vention and a page dedicated • Respect and promotion of NGO’s in their Periodic Reports. to the tenth anniversary of the the purpose and best use of Convention, allowing stake- the Representative List; and The IOS evaluation recom- holders to share the events • Complement the register of mended to the Secretariat sev- and activities organised to Best Practices by developing eral actions regarding strength- celebrate the same. A total alternate, lighter ways of shar- ening of existing capacity – amount of US$ 290.00 was ing safeguarding experiences building programmes; revision used for this purpose from such as dedicated websites, of all relevant documents and the ICH Fund during the e-newsletters, online forums, forms to include gender specific period 2012 – 13. etc. Furthermore the Com- guidance and questions; sup- mittee called upon the States port States Parties with the With regards the evalu- Parties, the General assembly development of legislation ation of UNESCO’s standard and other stakeholders to: - and policy, designing of appro- – setting work of the Culture • Strengthen UNESCO’s long priate capacity – building Sector, UNESCO’s Internal - standing cooperation with formats, adapting the content Oversight Service (IOS), con- WIPO over traditional knowl- and format of the capacity ducted an evaluation which edge and culture to ensure building strategy to ensure involved the Convention for an ongoing exchange and that it responds to the major the Safeguarding of the ICH learning between the two implementation challenges which was completed in 2013 and their Member States; at the national level; cooper- and presented to the 8th ses- • Encourage dialogue on the ation with sustainable devel- sion of the Committee. At its role of the private sector and opment experts in policy, 8th session, the Committee of the parastatals in safeguard- ICH and sustainable devel- then took a decision to respond ing ICH at all levels; and opment and to establish with to the findings of the evalu- • Strengthen informal sharing full involvement of UNESCO ation which encouraged all of interesting and innovative Field Offices and UNESCO stakeholders to the Conven- examples on working on the National Commissions, a fol- tion to promote increased Convention. low up mechanism for capacity involvement by NGO’s and – building activities; to pro- communities in policy devel- Several working methods mote International Assistance opment, legislation and sus- of the Committee were also as a capacity building mecha- tainable development. It also looked into to ensure that nism for States Parties. encouraged the enhanced inscription of elements to all cooperation with sustainable lists reflects closely the criteria In order to maximise the development experts for and procedures of the opera- efficiency and use of resources, integrating ICH into non - tional Directives; to encour- the evaluation report by IOS cultural legislation, policy age fuller participation of invited Intergovernmental development and for other NGO’s in its meetings as well Committees of the 1972, 2003

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and 2005 Conventions to Distribution of seats of UNESCO Conventions, create opportunities for joint in the Committee per programmes, projects and thinking, exchange experi- electoral group and activities at closer proximity. ences, cooperation and syner- election of the members gies between the said Con- of the Intergovernmental Closing ventions and the Secretariat Committee for the The 5th Session of the Gen- was tasked to establish appro- Safeguarding of the eral Assembly of the Intangible priate mechanisms for this. Intangible Cultural Cultural Heritage Convention In order to consider unprece- Heritage ended with concerns on item dented financial situations, An election process was 7 of the Agenda dealing with especially stemming from held in order to distribute the the “Use of the resources of the frequency of sessions of seats in the Committee as per the Intangible Cultural Her- the General Assembly and electoral group. Botswana was itage Fund” where the chair- Committee it was suggested standing for election in its man of the Session concluded to reduce the duration and electoral group V (a) and the that major challenges were agenda of the sessions. The electoral candidate was Ms. how to increase better access Secretariat was asked to con- Nakiso Kubanji, Principal to international assistance by sider synchronising the meet- Programmes Officer I, who States Parties and the need for ings of the States Parties to if elected would serve the reaching supporting measures the different Conventions. The Southern African Region since to help States Parties know the term for Namibia comes how to ask for assistance espe- to an end in 2016. Mr. Kago cially on making inventories. Ramokate, DPS – Policy Devel- It is therefore necessary that opment and Research casted our programmes of ToT Work- the Botswana vote. However, shops should have at least Botswana did not succeed in time fully devoted to the issue garnering a seat in the Com- of International Assistance mittee due to poor planning and that this should incorpo- and failure to canvas for sup- rate exercises on project writing port from partners on time. for international assistance The UNESCO Permanent Dele- and this should then be shared Committee then welcomed gates for the countries of with fellow participants and the establishment by the Cul- Namibia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe stakeholders. ture Sector in 2014 of a Con- and Zambia extended great ventions Common Services support to Botswana during The Chairperson of the 5th Team whose aim is to support campaigns for the seat in the Session also hoped that the the work of the secretaries of Committee. end of the 2014-2016 period all Conventions. The Secre- there will be outstanding bal- tariat was therefore asked to Botswana received 58 votes ance of the fund where US$ submit a proposed coordinated against over 100 votes each 3.6 million is for international funding strategy for consid- from other contending part- assistance amounting to 54% eration at the ninth session. ners of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire of the total budget. and Ethiopia. After the results The IOS evaluation further of the elections, Mr. Ramokate Also needed to be explained proposed amendments to the thanked all States Parties that during the Session about the Operational Directives or new voted for and supported 2003 Convention and its directives for approval by the Botswana during the elections. implementation should be General Assembly on the: - He further pledged Botswana’s the Operational Directives • Procedure for inscription on support to our electoral group- which were amended by the an enlarged and/or reduced ing in the implementation 5th Session. basis of an element already of the 2003 Convention. inscribed; The 5th Session was closed • The definition of ‘emergency’ It is advisable for Botswana by the Chairperson thanking for international assistance; to have a UNESCO Permanent all States Parties for their sup- • Criterion U.3 for inscription Delegate based in Paris, France port and positive interven- on the List of ICH in Need to expertly and expeditiously tions during plenary. of Urgent Safeguarding. facilitate the implementation ■

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Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventorying Report for the Phuthadikobo Museum Capacity Building Workshop for Kgatleng District ICH Cluster Committees (18th-20th November 2013)

by Vincent Phemelo Rapoo

Introduction Phuthadikobo Museum is a nonprofit making organization established in 1975. It provides historical and cultural services to the people of Mochudi, Batswana in general and also to tourists. The initiative is to “stimulate and promote local history, local involvement and instill a sense of local community Ministry of Youth, Sports and tariat of the District ICH Com- pride.” It is managed and Culture and spearheaded by mittee, therefore applied for administered through a board the Department of Arts and the participation programme in trust for the community Culture in collaboration with funds to train the five cluster for the preservations of its the Kgatleng District ICH committees for the year 2012- cultural heritage. Committee. The project was 2013. This was part of the on- meant to identify, research, going efforts to strengthen the In the year 2010, Botswana document and inventory implementation of the 2003 hosted a Community Based Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention for the Safeguard- Intangible Cultural Heritage elements of the Kgatleng ing of the Intangible Heritage Inventorying at Grassroots District which covers twenty (ICH) in Botswana and also Level Pilot Project. The Pilot three villages grouped into in the Kgatleng District. The Project was hosted by the five clusters. museum with funds from community of Bakgatla ba UNESCO organized a capacity Kgafela in the Kgatleng District Phuthadikobo Museum building workshop on Com- and was carried out between is a non-governmental organ- munity based ICH Invento- April 2010 and October 2010 ization of the Bakgatla ba rying for the Kgatleng District in collaboration with the Kgafela and also the secre- ICH Cluster Committees.

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and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information.

The major programmes of UNESCO are based in five areas. These are Education (technical education and vocational education training, teacher policies and HIV/AIDS); Natural Sciences (management of ground water, Science, technology and innovation policies); Social and Human Sciences (human rights, gender etc); Culture (cultural diversity, Phuthadikobo The workshop was held at Expected Results tangible and intangible cul- Museum Phuthadikobo Museum and • Empowered District and tural heritage) and Commu- building. brought together members of ICH Cluster Committees. nication and Information (uni- District Cluster ICH Commit- • Enhanced community par- versal access to information tee from the five cluster being ticipation. and freedom of expression, Mochudi, Artesia, Bokaa, Oodi • Developed and adopted a to build inclusive knowledge and Mmathubudukwane safeguarding and strategic societies). whose included Chiefs, non plan. - governmental organiza- UNESCO Conventions tions, community trusts, arts Introducing UNESCO on Culture and culture practitioners and The District ICH Coordi- Mr. Lesolobe introduced researchers. The training work- nator, Mr. Bathusi Lesolobe the different culture conven- shop took place from 18th to introduced the UNESCO organ- tions under UNESCO being the 20th November 2013 and ization to the participants. 2003 ICH Convention, Pro- was conducted by the District He informed them that The tection of Cultural Property Bathusi ICH Coordinator, Bathusi United Nations Educational, in the event of armed conflict Lesolobe, Lesolobe and Museum Direc- Scientific and Cultural Organ- of 1954, Means of prohibit- the lead tor, Vincent Phemelo Rapoo ization was founded on 16 ing and preventing the illicit facilitator at with the assistance of George November 1945 to build peace import, export and transfer of the workshop. Thwane who is a chief for in the minds of men and Artesia cluster. There were women after the first and twenty five participants for second world war. UNESCO the workshop, five from each has 195 Members and eight of the five clusters which Associate Members. It is gov- make up Kgatleng District. erned by the General Con- ference and the Executive Objectives Board. The Secretariat, which of the Workshop is based at Paris is headed • To develop capacity of the by the Director-General and Kgatleng ICH Cluster Com- implements the decisions mittees to undertake ICH of the General Conference inventorying. and the Executive Board. The • To raise awareness on the Secretariat also includes Field 2003 ICH Convention and its Offices (Regional, Cluster ownership of cultural prop- importance to the community and National Offices). The erty of 1970, Protection of the at both local and national Mission of UNESCO is to con- world cultural and natural level. tribute to the building of peace, heritage of 1972, Protection • To develop Kgatleng District the alleviation of poverty, of the underwater cultural ICH Strategic Plan. sustainable development heritage of 2000, Protection

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and promotion of the diversity mentation of the convention. on their response to the envi- of cultural expressions of This is in conformity with arti- ronment which dictates a prac- 2005 and UNIDROIT Conven- cle 11 (b) of the convention. tice, interaction with nature tion on Stolen and Illegally They should help in identify- and history. He said ICH as Exported Cultural Objects ing and defining intangible a living heritage is actively of 1995. cultural heritage and appro- being produced (pot making), priate safeguarding meas- maintained (food) and recre- Convention in Brief ures in cooperation and coor- ated (enhanced) by groups The director of Phutha- dination with other actors and communities. Some of dikobo Museum, Mr. Vincent involved in the implemen- the characteristics of ICH are Rapoo introduced The 2003 tation of the convention. This that it derives from the past Convention for the Safeguard- he said was the case with the or may evoke the past. It also ing of Intangible Cultural current district cluster work- lives in the minds and bodies Heritage, which he said was shops organized by Phuthadi- of human beings (not in build- adopted in October 17, 2003 kobo Museum and any other ings or monuments, sites) and in Paris, aims at the following: activities throughout the year gives people a sense of iden- • To safeguard the intangible organized by the museum tity and of continuity. It also cultural heritage; like International Mother defines communities and • To ensure the respect for the Tongue Languages day. groups, gives meaning to the intangible cultural heritage lives of communities and of the communities, groups Defining Intangible groups and is passed from and individuals concerned; Cultural Heritage generation to generation. • To raise awareness at the Mr. Lesolobe said that local, national and interna- endangered culture should Domains of Intangible tional levels of the importance be protected from extinction Cultural Heritage of the intangible cultural her- through transmission, which The domains of ICH were itage, and of ensuring mutual is the purpose of the 2003 con- introduced to the participants appreciation thereof; vention. He said that ICH refers as well as their sub divisions. • To provide for international to the practices (traditional Domain one is known as cooperation and assistance. wedding procedures), repre- Oral Traditions and Cultural sentations (dress or props), Expressions and includes lan- He said that the Conven- expressions (self praise), skills guage as a vehicle through tion defines intangible cul- (technique), knowledge (under- which ICH is transmitted. The tural heritage as manifested in fives domains, namely: oral traditions and cultural expressions, including language as a vehicle of ICH; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe and traditional craftsmanship. It also recognizes and emphasizes that communities, groups and practitioners are custodians of ICH and therefore must be at the forefront of safeguarding it.

Non-Governmental Organ- standing), objects (products of second domain is known as The Motlopi izations and ICH), artefacts (used at home) Indigenous Performing Arts tree, which is the Convention and cultural spaces (entrain- and includes practices such said to have Mr. Rapoo also said that ment ground or public areas as vocal and instrumental medicinal the participation of non-gov- for meetings). music, theatre, poetry and properties. ernmental at national level These are recreated by traditional games. Cultural is also important for the imple- the communities depending practices such as rites of pas-

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is to RESEARCH on the identified element and refers to the gathering of information on the element: how, why and where it is practised, participants involved, intangible and tangible elements associated with the element as well as its viability. The third safeguarding measure is DOCUMENTATION, which is concerned with the saving of any research information gathered on the ICH element. The fourth safeguarding measure is known as INVEN- TORYING and it involves the gathering of research and doc- umented materials into one place for easy access. Such gathering is usually through the provision of a database. Part of the collection The other safeguarding at the measures are PRESERVA- Phuthadikobo TION which ensures sustain- Museum. ability of the ICH element and sage, traditional legal system, manifestations to be sustain- involves the participation of seasonal ceremonies, and ably maintained by the com- ICH bearers. The next safe- practices specific to women munities, groups or individ- guarding measure is PRO- fall under the third domain uals. Inventorying involves TECTION, which refers to delib- called Social Practices, Rituals collecting and presenting erate measures or efforts by and Festive Events. The fourth information on ICH elements government institutions as domain, known as Knowl- is a systematic way and can well as private institutions. edge and Practices Concern- be disseminated as a paper The next safeguarding meas- ing Nature and the Universe list, a multimedia database ure is PROMOTION, which include traditional practices or another type of publica- ensures that ICH practices are such as traditional ecological tion. Communities refer to visible and utilised positively. wisdom, traditional herbing the practitioners of ICH or AWARENESS-RAISING aims system and knowledge about people who participate directly at educating the public about cosmologies. Traditional or indirectly in the practice the value of an identified ICH Craftsmanship forms the and/or transmission of an practice. Another safeguard- fifth and last domain and ICH element. ing measure is that of REVI- includes costumes and props TALISATION, which ensures for performing arts festivals, Safeguarding Measures the reactivating, restoring clothing and jewellery and The participants were and strengthening ICH prac- decorative art. sensitized about the twelve tices that are vulnerable or safeguarding measures which face extinction. Key Concepts are recognized by the 2003 The key concepts discussed convention, the first being ENHANCEMENT involves in the workshop were Safe- the IDENTIFICATION of an the modernisation of a par- guarding, Inventorying and ICH practice and giving it a ticular practice by improving Communities (groups and name. Identification is impor- its status and importance individuals). Safeguarding tant in that no safeguarding among the community or is allowing ICH practices, measure can be put in place practitioners. The continuous representations, expressions, for an unknown practice. The addition to new styles to the knowledge and associated second safeguarding measure traditional dances is one exam-

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ple. Another safeguarding that practitioners have the inscription on the Represen- measure is RECOGNITION. right to be aware of what the tative List satisfies that the Participants were informed project is about at all times. element constitutes ICH as that intangible cultural her- Any information that practi- defined in Convention (article itage practices have to be tioners need regarding the 2 – what ICH means as based recognised by communities, project and their information on 5 Domains), Inscription of groups and individuals as must be answered fully and the element will contribute part of their culture. The last to their satisfaction. They have to ensuring viability and and one of the most impor- to know how their informa- awareness of the significance tant safeguarding measures tion will be used and how safe of ICH and encouraging dia- is TRANSMISSION. Trans- it will be from being misused. logue, thus reflecting cultural mission refers to the process Inventorying equipment was diversity worldwide and testi- of sharing knowledge and introduced to the participants fying to human creativity. skills from one generation to and includes voice recorder, Safeguarding measures are another, whether formally video camera, digital camera elaborated that may protect or informally. Without trans- and scribing. All of these are and promote the element. The mission, ICH will freeze and to be used in documentation element has been nominated thrown to the museums. of an element and gives advan- following the widest possible tage to transmission to the participation of the commu- Community Based ICH next generation. nity, group, and individuals Inventorying concerned and with their free, Free, Prior and Informed The inventorying exer- prior and informed consent consent were taught to the cise involves the use of an ele- and lastly the element is participants as the most impor- ments register four compo- included in an inventory of tant part of the inventorying nents. These are the elements the ICH present. exercise. The word FREE main- register, living human treasure tains that practitioners must register, database and the When submitting for the at all times be consulted on photo file. The elements reg- Urgent Safeguarding List the their own accord. That means ister shows the Element, its following has to be taken into the practitioners must not be Domain, Village, Ward, Place consideration; the element forced in any way to give out and Date of Recording and the constitutes ICH as defined their information. They have Recording Team. The Living in Article 2 of the Conven- a right of consent and are free Human Treasure shows Full tion. The element is in urgent to refuse to give some informa- Formal Names of practitioner, need of urgent safeguarding tion regarding their skill or Informal Name (s), and Age/ because its viability is at risk knowledge whether it is perti- Birth date, Village, Totem and despite efforts by the commu- nent or not. The word PRIOR the Element interviewed about. nity, group, individuals and denotes that informants have The Database contains the State Party and is in extremely to be told their rights before Image/Photo, Short Descrip- urgent need of safeguarding the interview begins. They tion, Audio, Title/Element, because it is facing grave have to know why they are Domain, Location, Date, Inter- threats as a result of which being interviewed, how the viewer, Photographer, Group it cannot be expected to sur- information they provide will Members and the Rights. The vive without immediate safe- be used and by who, whether Photo File contains the Photo guarding. The element has or not the information still Title, Short Description, Pho- been nominated following belongs to them. tographer and Rights. widest possible participation of the community, group, indi- These are the questions Nomination Files viduals concerned and their that researchers must volun- Mr. Lesolobe said that free, prior and informed con- teer their answers long before there are two types of files sent. The element is included the practitioners ask them. The used for nomination which in an inventory of the ICH practitioners have the right are the Representative List present in the territory of the to know all these questions and the Urgent Safeguarding submitting State Party and regardless of whether or not List. In submitting Nomina- in cases of extreme urgency; they already knew about tion files the States Party will the State Party concerned has them before the interview. The be requested to demonstrate been duly consulted regarding word INFORMED requires that an element proposed for inscription of the element.

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Terms of Reference treasures are used as resource • Develop and keep cluster for ICH Committees persons in schools but upon inventories up to date. This session was meant the discretion of an individual • Organize and participate to link the District ICH Com- teacher. Therefore, requested in events geared towards safe- mittee which is the umbrella for the involvement of the guarding ICH. committee with the Cluster District Education Office to committees found in the dis- achieve the objective. District trict. The district committee • Oversee Cluster committees. would form the supervision Cluster • It is a centre point for infor- body and there are members • Encourage rural communi- mation collected at cluster from the clusters in the com- ties to form conservation trusts level. mittee as well. The clusters to safeguard veldt products. • Supervise and monitor would formulate projects and • Sensitize communities about progress made by cluster programmes and present ICH in villages. committees. them to the umbrella commit- • Educate public on ICH • Develop awareness pro- tee for approvals and consoli- through use of platforms grammes aimed at sensi- dation of the district plan. The like Kgotla and educational tizing communities, groups participants pointed out the platforms. and individuals about NEST. importance of working with • Identify and document schools for education pur- resource persons or Human Kgatleng District poses. In some areas human Treasures with different skills. ICH Projects

Oodi Cluster

Project Project Lead/ Beneficiaries Budget Time frame Safeguarding name Description Facilitator Measures Sensitize There is a lot of ICH content Kgosi Batswana Transport Depended on Protection, oodi college circulating in internent and Oodi CAAT students, Communication college recognition, community mobile phones. This community PA System timeline transmission about negatively impacts on our Refreshments Four weeks for and awareness safeguarding effort to conserve culture. The Advertising preparations raising our heritage aim of the project is to Delivery one educate the public about the day importance of sharing such content at will and sharing it as some rituals are sacred.

Oodi This is a community based Employees Communities P2, 000.00 January to Documentation, Medicinal medicinal garden at the and Dikgosi and June 2014 preservation, Garden Kgotla. The herbarium will at Oodi researchers enhancement, serve as a source of information Kgotla e.g visitors revitalization, for researchers, institutions Dingaka coming to conservation and individuals. It will protect Kgotla to those plants that face the learn about danger of being extinct. them

Artesia Cluster

Project Project Lead/ Beneficiaries Budget Time frame Safeguarding name Description Facilitator Measures Go suga Mobilization research and Artesia ICH Morafe wa Transport Dikgwedi Protection, Dikgole the revival of the skill, Committee Artesia Meetings tse tharo go recognition, the knowledge transfer of Kgosi Raw materials tsentswe le transmission, craftsmanship of Go suga Thwane dipatlisiso revitalization Dikgole as that is fading Mma and awareness slowly in the communities. Modisaotsile raising

Kalafi ya To visit and get information Kgosi Communities, Transport One month Preservation bana on human treasure based in Teacher students and Recognition Dikgonnye. researchers Transmission

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Bokaa Cluster

Project Project Lead/ Beneficiaries Budget Time frame Safeguarding name Description Facilitator Measures Traditional Consultancy, Visits to dikgotla Kgosi Students Transport December Enhancement games and schools, workshop on ICH Cluster Out of school Refreshments 2013 to Revitalization traditional games. Committee, youth Equipment recognition, VDC, VET Stationery Communication advertising

Go fetlha Consultancy, Kgotla Kgosi ICH Community Transport March 2014 to Recognition mollo meetings, workshops, Cluster between Stationery and Protection seminar, demonstration. 20-50 years communication Promotion 20 to 50 years participants. males and Enhancement females

Mochudi Cluster

Project Project Lead/ Beneficiaries Budget Time frame Safeguarding name Description Facilitator Measures Herbal Construct herbal garden at Phuthadikobo Community P10, 200.00 May to July Promotion, Garden museum, Selling of herbs, Musuem Tourists Fundraising preservation, tourists and general public ICH Cluster Researchers Volunteering transmission custodian. Mochudi Raw materials and awareness Secretary of transport raising Cluster salary

Kofi ya Research on the element. Kgosana, Youth P1, 200.00 January Recognition Motlopi There will be collection of VDC community Transport, Revitalization motlopi roots from the veld to ICH Cluster associated Transmission be used as raw material. materials Enhancement Will be done at homes.

Final Four Projects Workshop Evaluation topics that were covered as it • Educate Oodi College of The workshop participants was a building base for them Applied Arts and Technology appreciated the effort made in the understanding of ICH. on ICH. by the facilitators in their pre- The documents and presenta- • Traditional Games / Met- sentation as they were very tions were written in English shameko ya setso. informative. The main facil- but the facilitator managed Workshop • Child Health Care / Kalafi itator was particularly very to translate into the local lan- participants ya bana. articulate and had excellent guage, Setswana with ease during group • Traditional Tannery / Go knowledge of the subject mat- for the participants to under- discussions. suga dikgole. ter. They also appreciated the stand. He also had a good relationship with the participants for the smooth running of the workshop.

The participants acknowledged the length of the workshop but thought longer days to at least five days from three days would have been more beneficial. More topics would have been made and also a practical would give the committees hands on experience on ICH. ■

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Bonnington Open Air Museum Restoration of Farm House Project – 2014

Project Background ment in 2006. The project history of Gaborone and its Ministry of Environment, depicts colonial farming, environs. These will include Wildlife and Tourism through trading and the history of among others, a railway sta- the department of National early Gaborone during and tion, a hotel, a post office and Museum and Monuments after the colonial period. The a trading store while a tradi- received funding form UNESCO project entails restoration of tional hut and a kgotla will Participation Programme to old structures, (silos and reflect the cultural interaction carry out The Bonnington farm buildings) and aims to with the local communities. Open Air Museum Project. expand the knowledge of It is worth noting that the Botswana’s history, in par- Open Air Museum compo- The Project aims at devel- ticular the colonial history, nent will also comprise many oping a distinct type of which is related to cultural other exhibits such as, early museum that exhibits its col- interaction processes. It also trading transport trucks i.e. lections out-of-doors. It has aims at the protection, safe- those from the Baileys and adopted two other forms, guarding and management Haskins trading families, a fire which are the eco-museum, of both tangible and intan- engine, an ambulance, the reflected through the planned gible heritage contributing earliest Pitse ya Naga vehicle Nature and Fitness Park and to sustainable development. (mobile museum van), ox- the farm or living history wagon and ploughs. Compo- museum. The project is based The outdoor exhibits will nents of the living history on a colonial historical farm, contain many displays which museum will be reflected which was declared a monu- will reflect the early/colonial through kraals with a small

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number of live domestic farm to its original Dutch Cape vide grounds for organized animals such as; cattle, goats architecture. When it is com- cultural displays by local and sheep and possibly dif- plete it will serve as offices, communities. ferent types of domestic fowls. display galleries, a coffee room and crafts centre where local Engagement The Gaborone Horse Soci- craftspeople can sell their of a Consultant ety will be housed in the wares. There are also various A consultant was engaged through normal government procurement procedures. The Terms of Reference for the consultancy included drawing site plans, house plans, preparing a bill of quantities, assessing the strength of the old structure, producing a structural report and giving guidance and supervision on the restoration of the farm house. The Consultants also ran a one day workshop to mobilize a team and of artisans to carry out the restoration of old /historic buildings. Museum to run stables for sheds and swimming pool, an added reflection of farm which are to be renovated. Procurement of life. The park will have a pro- Another planned prominent necessary equipment nounced feature of flora, an feature of the museum shall Equipment was bought aspect which is meant to rep- be the amphitheater, which for use by artisans on the site resent a botanical garden. will provide space for different during the restoration process. cultural performances such as These included a wheel bar- The farm itself, encom- Presidents’ Day cultural com- row, pick, measuring tapes, passing the farm house and petitions and awards, educa- safety gloves, shovels and a four quadrant silo set which tional programmes etc. The spades. Normal government act at the main exhibits. The Nature and Fitness Park and procurement procedures were farm house is being restored the open air spaces will pro- also followed.

Artisans at work.

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Workshop for artisans use by archaeologists to sal- into consideration and safety A workshop was held at vage archeological remains. equipment and clothes were Maharaja Conference Centre. All the salvaged stuff was used in the process. The intention was to induct packaged and taken to the the artisans on how to work National Museum’s archae- Exposing Cracks (Main house) (restore) historic building. The ology laboratory. The walls of the farm house were assessed. Cracks were identified in some walls. After identification, all the cracks were marked so as to later identify their extent. Findings were that some cracks were shallow while some were extreme and had impacted on the wall structure and to some extent even the foundation.

Conclusion The three (3) month term Artisans for the artisans elapsed and at work. the funding got exhausted and attendees included the consult- Restoring the garage the project has had to come ant, artisans and relevant offi- The garage which is a to a halt until the next fund- cers from the department of section of the farmhouse was ing opportunity from either National Museum and Monu- restored. Cracks on the walls government or donors. Arti- ments who are responsible were covered to minimise the sans were paid their monthly for manning the Bonnington possibility of re-emerging, a salaries at the end of each Open Air Museum. chicken net fence was used. month. With the elapse of the Plastering was applied and the term, all artisans were paid Progress on restoration entire walls were repainted. their severance benefits. The of the farm house consultant submitted the final and the garage Demolition of unstable walls report and has been paid all General cleaning of the site (Main house) due money. 5% of the restora- Work started by cleaning Walls which were deemed tion works has been done so the site and the surrounding unstable were demolished. far. The next phase is the build- of the farm house. The rubble The consultant made a thor- ing up of the walls so as to from inside the house was ough assessment of such walls. complete the whole project. pilled at a marked spot for later Safety precautions were taken ■

Major cracks on the walls.

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Republic of Botswana DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING & PUBLISHING SERSERVICESVICES

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Government Printing and Gaborone Government Francistown Government SeSerorow vernment Publishing Services Booshop Booshop Booshoosho Private Bag 0081 Private Bag 0081 PP..OO. Box 608 c/o Infor viceses Gaborone Gaborone Francistown PP. O. Box 255 Botswana Finance House First Floor, Ntshe House Serowe Tel: (+267) 3685200 Government Enclave Tel: (+267) 2417602 Tel: (+267)67) 463868746386 Fax: (+267) 3912001 Plot No. 8843, Khama Crescent Fax: (+267) 2417680 (+267)67) 4630447 Tel: (+267) 3953202/3959392 Fax: (+267)67) 4638634 Fax: (+267) 3959392 E-mail: [email protected] BOTSWANA AND UNESCO

Celebrating World Radio Day 13 February 2014, Gaborone Main Mall

The Media Institute of Southern Africa Botswana Chapter (MISA Botswana) celebrated the World Radio Day on the 13th of February 2014, at the Gaborone Main Mall.

World Radio Day report Build up to the day and the day World radio day was organised by MISA Botswana as requested by the Botswana National Commission for The motorcade UNESCO. In building up to adding more the event, stakeholder meet- fun during ings were held in order to the World create working committee Radio Day. and have a working plan the public commemorated Activities of the day that will guide in preparing the World Radio Day under The motorcade for the success of the day. the theme “Gender Equality The celebration began on At first, all the radio station and Women’s Empowerment a high note with a motorcade managers were approached in Radio”. The event was that took roughly one and half to get vivid ideas on how held in Gaborone Main Mall hours to go around the route they intend to celebrate their (in the open space in front that was chosen. The three respective day. The idea was of Cresta President Hotel). radio stations branded them- to make the day fun but with The commemoration started selves very well with their more impact in sensitizing at 0700hrs and was preceded respective colours and logos. the public at a cheaper rate/ with a motorcade, interviews, The motorcade was arranged in proportion to the budget speeches and entertainment with two trucks, mini bus and as well as make the public as well as lunch treat. Out small cars which were evenly aware of the existence of the of the five radio stations in branded with the theme for day (World Radio Day). Botswana, at least three radio the day and colours for radio stations that is, Gabz FM, stations. The radio stations On the 13th of February Yarona FM, and Duma FM, were showcasing their work 2014, MISA Botswana together were present to make the day on a daily basis and the radio with relevant stakeholders and a success. presenters to the public and

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their respected fans and fol- and make remarks about celebrating radio as a medium lowers. In addition, during the their feel for the day and they but however based on pro- motorcade there was music, looked forward to being part moting access to information models and members of the of the program. and freedom of expression. public dancing to the music Radio is said to be a very pow- as part of the entertainment Speeches erful tool on communicating and spreading the message Speeches were delivered information to various groups for the day. to the audience which com- of people looking at the fact that it is even reachable to the most disadvantaged people in rural areas thus promoting democratic expressions. Botswana is named amongst countries with a blackout on community broadcasting with restricted laws and this does not really fulfill the importance of radio. Radio provides a platform where MISA director young and old can speak Mr Buyani exchanging ideas, educating Zongwani and entertaining themselves reading out professionally. Therefore MISA a MISA Yarona FM Amongst the crowd in prised of representatives from shall continue commemorat- statement on the the motorcade was one of the three radio stations, MISA ing this day, celebrating radio from the motorcade. Botswana’s most popular Botswana and the general pub- and promoting broadcasting headquarter musician, Odirile “VEE” lic. Giving welcome remarks, pluralism and diversity. office. Sento as a special guest to MISA Botswana chairperson entertain as the cars moved Mr Modise Maphanyane was around. Attention was drawn opening up for the speeches. to the motorcade not only by pedestrians but by people Following was a MISA from the offices and along statement which was read the paveways. by MISA Botswana Director, Mr Buyani Zongwani, from Interviews the MISA headquarters in Radio stations were broad- Namibia. Major emphasis casting live from the main on the MISA statement from mall during the commemo- the regional office was put on rations and members of the the note that the 2014 World Also there was the UNESCO public were asked to comment Radio Day was not based on statement which was read by MISA’s information and research officer, Mrs Romang Mogapi. From the speech, UNESCO highlighted that World Radio Day is celebrated to appreciate a medium that gives a voice to the voiceless, a force for freedom of expression and building knowledge- able societies. The speech Ms Banyana stipulates that radio is vital Segwe, a for promoting gender equality broadcast and empowerment of women. vetran in an UNESCO emphasised that interview with women must have an equal the Gbz fm. part in news-making, decision-

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of progammes and shows being produced and presented by women. One Rabantheng of Gabz FM mentioned in her speech that Gabz FM is really trying to empower women, she stated that in the newsroom of 12 reporters, 5 of them are reporters and 2 of them hold senior positions within the news desk. She mentioned that mostly even when women are offered challenging assignments they would rather opt for much softer roles in the newsroom. Women are therefore encouraged to divert from their inferior thinking and are advised to be in the forefront of the in reporting Mrs Romang politics, sports, war and other Mogapi topics that are believed to be reading out for men. the UNESCO statement. Also Duma FM which Gabz FM making and media owner- things as when women air provided some giveaways to models looking ship structures. Adding on, their views the whole of soci- be won, celebrated the day bright in black, UNESCO edges all broadcasters ety benefits as a great singer” with only female presenters white and to promote gender equality Chaka Khan said; “I am every being on duty to prove that purple and and the empowerment of woman it’s all in me, but you though the station is domi- getting ready women and men in and will never know what I have nated by male presenters but for the through radio. to say until I am given my the females also are talented motorcade voice”, she concluded. in the same way. In a speech, to take off. Ms Penolope Khakhobwe, a radio lecturer from the Uni- versity of Botswana Media Studies Department also shared a piece on the fundamentals of radio. She made it clear that as much as women are capable and making it in other aspects of communication such as in advertising, it is a significance that they can do it in the broadcast industry. This can create a platform for women to address their issues. She believes that women are going through a lot of experiences and they are the ones who can express Moreover, each radio sta- Duma station manager, Mr. it better and that this can be tion was given a platform Alfred Busang, highlighted achieved if only more women to share their experience of that they have dedicated this could be placed in the media the radio day, Gabz FM’s One day to their audience by pro- industry. “I wish to say women Rabantheng made it loud that viding content that is both have as much right as men women are well represented informative and entertaining; to be on radio to balance at their station with a number with regard to the theme.

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With all that the Radio day speeches came to an end with Ms N.M Mankhi giving the closing remarks and an end to the formal proceedings of the day. Lunch was served to all the participants at the President Hotel.

Conclusion In a nut shell, the World Radio Day was a success, all plans worked as according to how they were prepared. The meetings were attended posed radio stations attended tions. The cooperation that Yarona FM and all ideas were put into and they put up stalls that was executed by the dif- broadcasting place. The motorcade was a were branded accordingly ferent stakeholders is solely live. success and grabbed all the and communicated very well appreciated and expected on attention from the public to audiences that responded the next World Radio Day across Gaborone. All the pro- accurately to the radio sta- commemoration. ■

World Radio Day Speechees – Botswana

World Radio Day Speech presenters were selected in today’s broad- by Alfred Busang - Duma FM cast. This is to show that although Duma Duma FM is the youngest of all the FM is dominated by male presenters, the radio stations in Botswana and so has female presenters are equally talented in much to celebrate as it has stood the test that regard. Today’s a fun day for us and of time against the others in the market. we mostly would like to interact with the To us World Radio Day means a lot. 6 years listeners here at Main-Mall and find out into the market and we emerged as the their views on “females who work on radio”. dominant private radio station, this is As in our nature as Duma FM, we would according to the 2012/2013 National like to provoke debate and discussions Broadcasting Board’s (NBB) Audience around this issue. We are famous for our Survey. We decided to dedicate this day TALK (aspect) that provokes change, with the listener by providing content that that is exactly what we intend to do today. is both informative and entertaining; with On the lighter side, Duma FM has prepared regard to the theme “Gender equality and a lot of gifts for the listeners; tomorrow’s women empowerment in radio”. Only female Valentine’s Day if you want to win something keep tuned in to DUMA FM! Or visit our stall, our friendly staff are prepared to answer all your questions. Duma FM – More Talk, More Music!!

World Radio Day Speech by Ms Penolope Khakhobwe, a radio lecturer from UBMSD Radio has been in existence from Duma FM’s around the early 1920’s until the present station day. It has been the driving force for both manager good and bad over the years and has giving out withstood the test of time. The beauty of his speech. radio is its simplicity, it is just you and

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your microphone and the creative energy nature to care for things. We are tired of you bring to the mix. Now looking at the the mis- and underrepresentation in the theme for this year which is: Gender media and being reduced to mere sex Equality and women empowerment in symbols and objects. Most people might radio, there are various authors who make dismiss this idea and think by giving us arguments on the topic. We find that the tools to air to our views all the radio women frequently tend to be sexualised. will be reduced to feminist production. But We are used to sell cars, homes, and many (Bredin as cited by Mitchell 1998) says there commercial products as if that is all we are is need to discuss the distinction between good for. But I believe since the emergence women’s production and feminist produc- of community broadcasting in some tion and there are a number of different countries such as Malawi, South Africa, levels and definitions of feminist cultural Zambia, India women now have a voice, production. Yes feminist production should we have a public sphere on which to talk be by women but just because it is women about issues that affect us that others who are involved does not mean it will might find irrelevant such as child birth, be feminist. It is about the politicisation breast feeding, and portable water, cancer, of culture in resistance to patriarchal and and relationship issues. According to oppression, how women negotiate the Herbert (2006) what we know of gender is various stereo types they have been reduced informed by the media, the various narra- to and go on to define their lives on radio. tives in radio, tv ads, soapies and dramas. In conclusion I wish to say women have This therefore means when constructing as much right as men to be on radio to media messages we must check what they balance things as when women air their say about the roles of both women and views the whole of society benefits. men and the only way to bridge this divide is to have more women working in the World Radio Day Speech Penelope media industry. They say who can better by Uyapo Khupe - Yarona FM Khakhobwe, tell the story than those who have lived Radio is one of the most accessible Media Studies it, well as women we live it every day in media in the world. It’s cheap, all you need lecturer from the various societies we are born in and is a tuner and you connect with the world. UB giving should be allowed to tell our stories. Sex Radio informs, educates and entertains. out her piece is based on biology but gender is based on It is your teacher and most importantly, on the culture where meaning is constantly your friend. Radio has the ability to reach fundamentals changing thus in this century allow us to and connect with people like no other of radio. tell our stories as we see our gender. media in the world. It is a constant and loyal companion. We celebrate this medium that has become the voice of the voiceless, the companion that cares about what matters to you and addresses those issues with you in mind, in a language that you understand. Radio is only effective if the intended audience understands and relates to the voice of the station. As a youth broadcaster, what matters to us is Young people and what matters to them. Whether one is young in actual years, or “young at heart” we must relate to them. In so doing the voice must be relevant to both Men and Women.

It has been proven in countries like Yarona FM has a history of producing Australia that the inclusion of women some of the strongest and most popular on radio can lead to development: projects female presenters in the country. Many of such as home gardening, pet rescue and these women have conquered what is a even the environment because it is in our male dominated industry and have made

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their mark. The likes of Tumie Ramsden, asking the question “Without the voices Boipelo Seleke, Sesame Mosweu, Jazzelle of more than half the world’s population, Kebakile, Tshepo Ntshole, Zizi Mokgwathi how can we understand the whole story”? and Bonolo Seone who have all passed through the Yarona FM airwaves and proven Ladies and Gentlemen, in line with that women are able to handle prime-time promoting gender equality at Gabz Fm, shows and command an audience and a we have in the past few years appointed following. We believe the role of women women in decision-making positions. The is not to be limited to that of an addition, station was once headed by a woman and a side-kick or a contributor. Women have currently the position of Sales and Mar- something to say, how can they not, they keting is occupied by a woman. are the Mothers, nurturers and sisters of the Nation. They need to be represented In the newsroom of 12 reporters 5 of and heard. them are women and in fact two of them hold senior positions within the news desk. Women outnumber men in Botswana. The station also has a number of female But still there is a gender imbalance in presenters, and all of the programs are power positions and roles. This is however produced by women. This goes on to show changing. I believe that Radio is one of the the level of commitment by the station mediums that are in a position to help the in promoting gender equality. transformation move along faster. The role of women in radio cannot be ignored. But we must state that gender equality Yarona FM is an equal opportunities does not just mean equal numbers of men employer and is committed to and deter- and women, the women at Gabz Fm were mined to keep hiring and grooming strong appointed based on their capabilities. And women presenters on the station for gener- I must point out that we do not believe in ations to come. any quota system, so when women are in certain positions at Gabz Fm they are there So this World Radio Day we celebrate solely on merit. the women in Radio, past, present and future. Happy World Radio Day. Bagaetsho, for many women in this profession, certain topics belong to their World Radio Day Speech male colleagues. Women are often passed by One Rabantheng - Gabz-FM over for war, politics or even business cover- Director of ceremonies, UNESCO and age. Even when offered these assignments, MISA Botswana representatives here present, many of them prefer to cover social stories. colleagues from the media fraternity, ladies They would rather take up softer roles in and gentlemen… the newsroom, because that’s what society has told them they can handle. Gabz Fm is honoured to join the rest of broadcasters, both locally and inter- There are, however, women who have nationally, in marking this day. established themselves as role models for women in the radio industry, Gabz-FM’s According to UNESCO, this year’s theme One Rabatheng, Tshepo Ntshole, Kutlwano is about promoting women’s right in news- Mosime, Veronica Morakanyane. making, decision-making and media owner- Other women who were pioneers and ship structures, if the world is to harness gave women a voice on radio include, the power of radio for the benefit of all. Current Speaker of Parliament, Margaret Nasha, Esther Kanaimba-Senai, the late In her message, the Director-General Letty Gaelesiwe, Motshegetsi Gasennelwe, of UNESCO, Madam Irina Bokova notes Banyana Segwe and Anastacia Maruapula. that, “Less than one quarter of radio stories are about women, and women represent We should not also forget women such less than one third of all top level manage- as Beata Kasale of the Voice and the late ment and governance positions in media” Clara Olsen of the Botswana Gazette, who

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as a medium, but on improving international cooperation between broadcasters and encouraging major networks and community radio alike to promote access to information and freedom of expression over the airwaves. Commenting on the day’s celebration, MISA’s Regional Director Zoé Titus, noted that despite the explosion of new information and communication technologies such as the Internet, broadcasting in its traditional form (i.e. radio and television) remains the major source of news and information for most people in the region. Gabz FM’s One Rabantheng “Radio notably remains a powerful giving out means of receiving information especially a speech. in the rural areas where poverty and illit- have made their outstanding contributions eracy mean that people cannot rely on to the print media industry in Botswana. other sources of information (such as newspapers and ICTs). Indeed, broadcasting is We hope that in the media, women a powerful medium that promotes demo- journalists will continue to be a part of the cratic expression and influences ideas”, industry and fight to give women a greater she said. voice in all aspects related to our society. The biggest challenge for broadcasting We also hope that in future women reform in southern Africa is the transfor- will be in the forefront in reporting politics, mation of state/national broadcasters into sports, war and other topics that we currently public broadcasters. The national broad- believe are the preserve of male reporters. casters have the biggest reach in terms of technical coverage; they fill the gap left by Although we celebrate the achieve- community and commercial broadcasters ments of women in the media today, we and have the greatest opportunity to inform must remember that the fight does not or misinform the public. end here and must continue until women are truly represented in all levels of society, “It is therefore of utmost importance in business, in Parliament, and in all deci- that the national broadcasters operate in sion making positions. the public interests, and not state interests”, Titus said. On that note we wish to hope that as we interact with you today we will also Other challenges in the region include realize that the power of radio can be a the enactment of broadcasting legislation force for good. which guarantees the three-tier system of broadcasting (that is, public, community MISA statement on the first and commercial), amendment of laws that anniversary of World Radio Day are not conducive to the three-tier system by Buyani Zongwani , National of broadcasting, enactment of broad- Director - MISA Botswana casting policies, and the establishment of On this first anniversary of the World independent regulatory bodies and inde- Radio Day, the Media Institute of Southern pendent boards to govern the broadcasters. Africa (MISA), joins the rest of the world in celebrating radio as a medium. Titus pointed out that there is a blackout on community broadcasting in This year’s World Radio Day celebra- some southern African countries like tions focus not only on celebrating radio Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland

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and Zimbabwe where legislation for the rooted in African cultures, lend themselves granting of operating licences is lacking particularly well to radio broadcasting. or is severely restrictive. In some countries Radio therefore provides a platform where like Malawi and Zambia, government places young and old may speak, exchange ideas, content restrictions with constant threats learn and be entertained. of closure for broadcasting ‘unacceptable’ content while exorbitant license fees are And for these reasons, on this day also a major concern. MISA celebrates the power of radio and reaffirms its commitment to promoting The Declaration of Principles on Free- broadcasting pluralism and diversity in dom of Expression in Africa of the African Africa, as articulated in the African Charter Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on Broadcasting. (2002), notes that oral traditions, which are ■

Message from Ms Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of World Radio Day 13 February 2014

On World Radio Day, we celebrate a medium that remains a first choice for women and men across the world. Radio gives a voice to the voiceless, it helps educate the illiterate, and it saves lives during natural disasters. A force for freedom of expression and pluralism, radio is essential to building inclusive knowledge societies and to promoting respect and understanding between people. Radio is especially important for promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. From pioneering executives in the early 20th century to those today reporting from conflict zones, women have played a key role in the growth of radio. As citizen journalists, reporters, producers, technicians and key decision-makers, women are working at every level of the broadcasting industry to ensure the free exchange of opinion, information and ideas over the airwaves. But there is still much work to do. Less than one quarter of radio stories are about women, and women represent less than one third of all top level management and governance positions in media. Without the voices of more than half the world’s population, how can we understand the whole story? UNESCO is committed to getting the balance right. To strengthen pluralism and freedom of expression in radio, women must have an equal part in news-making, decision- making and media ownership structures. This is why UNESCO is working across the world to develop radio as an independent and pluralistic media for both women and men, and to create a safer environment for all journalists, with special recognition of the threats to women journalists. This work includes the launch by UNESCO in 2013 of the Global Alliance on Media and Gender. Radio can carry any message to any place at any time – we need to fully harness this power for the benefit of all. In this spirit, I call today on all broadcasters – from local community stations to international media outlets – to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and men in and through radio. This is UNESCO’s message on World Radio Day. ■

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Free Media Contribute to Good Governance, Empowerment and Eradicating Poverty World Press Freedom Day Report – 2014

activities and known to be the center places of Lobatse which were, the bus rank, Pick n Pay mall and the Choppies mall. The Ambassadors were evenly dressed and branded which caught people’s attention. The Ambassadors were also issuing flyers to communicate the day and invite the Lobatse people Limkokwing Media students at the World press freedom day commemoration. to the commemoration.

World Press Freedom Day Report On the 3rd of May 2014, MISA Botswana commemorated the World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) under the theme, Limkokwing “free media contribute to good Models governance and eradicating distributing poverty”. The event was held publicity flyers in Lobatse at the Recreational at the town Park where people of Lobatse streets. gathered in numbers to cele- day before the commemora- Speeches and statements brate this precious day with tion where the ulterior motive Deputy District Commis- the media people. The com- was to sensitize, publicize, sioner, Enerst Phiri who is a memoration was anticipated hype the day and as part of former new anchor and a to commence with a flash mob the build up to the People of journalist at heart gave the and a public match at 0700 Lobatse were flash mobbed by welcoming remarks in which hours and unfortunately time ‘The Ambassadors’, a group he appreciated the recogni- was not on our side and the of students from Limkokwing tion which Lobatse received programme was a bit delayed. University who are full of from the event organisers Nevertheless, the activities energy, fresh bubbly ideas of and the acknowledgment he went on well as planned and advertising and communicat- received from media people the day was a success. ing events and are also known with emphasis to his town to do a good work of ushering and its beauty. Village Repre- The flash mob events at their respective Uni- sentatives were pleased to The celebrations began versity. This flash mob took have the Media at large in on a high note with a flash place in public areas where their community, with that mob that was done during a lot of people meet for their they felt honoured. The com- the week on the 2nd of May, a shopping and other social memoration started very

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also a lack of empowerment which the media can bridge the gap by providing quality information and creating platforms for public voice.

Editors Forum’s Reginald Deputy District Richardson read the Editors Commissioner Forum statement which stated Enerst Phiri that journalists should not giving welcome lose sight of the media code remarks. of ethics which is a guiding well with sharing of speeches standing to defend what is principle to the core duty of from different stakeholders ours. In relation to the theme, the media so as to ensure which embraced the day in Dr Tombale stated that press accountability on the media relevance to the theme. The guest speaker for the day was the Chief Executive Officer, Dr Akolang Tombale of the Botswana Meat Commission (BMC) in Lobatse.

Delivering his speech, Dr Tombale applauded the press that it plays a major role in Botswana, a very important stakeholder to all. He though showed some dissatisfaction on some instances where the Reginald media had not used their Richardson, freedom well and therefore Reading out advised practicing journal- the Editors’ ists to be responsible and to Forum observe the highest ethical Statement. side. He pointed out that it is only when the media is accountable that it can hold those in power accountable.

Present was Press Coun- cil secretary, Matshidiso Morewane who read out the speech from the council’s char- man, Tshireletso Motlogelwa, Guest Speaker, who raised his concern as to Chief Executive why journalists are not so Officer keen on matters dear to their for BMC, interest. He noted that jour- Dr. Tombale nalists are quick to report on delivering other people’s rights than a speech. their own. It is with days like standards since careless jour- freedom and good governance this where journalists should nalism can destroy a country. support each other while pro- take pride in what they do but He also reminded journalists moting the country’s economic however they tend to be the that in their practice they and human development. last to celebrate their respec- should recognise our country Also that poverty is more than tive day, one would question first and must be patriotic by just a lack of resources but why such things happen.

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Stalls Different media houses had pitched their stalls for viewing by the attendants. To add more fun, the day was hyped by social games which included sack race, egg spoon and football games which altogether brought all the stakeholders to interaction.

Social games Lunch was served, courtesy of BMC, thereafter all roads Press Council lead to the Lobatse sports Secretary, council stadium where the day Mtshidiso was hyped by social games Morewane which included sack race, egg reading out spoon and football games. Press Council speech. Conclusion For this year, world press freedom day has been a success, the event was fairly attended. There was a lot o fun yet at the same time the message was put across the general public who participated. It was super having the majority of media students from Limkokwing University MISA Regional of Creative technology as this Director, assures us of the future of Ms Zoe Titus, journalism in Botswana. The sharing cooperation of both the town her piece. representatives and other Moreover, It was great dance from the journalists’ stakeholders clearly demon- having the attendance of side, Ms Titus applauded strated that commemora- MISA Regional Office’s direc- Botswana’s World Press Free- tions as such this can go a tor, Ms Zoe Titus and Finance dom celebration which she long way, and also gave the officer Mr Bramwell. Despite felt it was more celebrated whole event a meaning. the embarrassing poor atten- than in other MISA chapters. ■

Invited Guests.

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BOTSWANA

Welcome to Botswana

Geography variable, decreasing towards ment affairs. Nominally a Botswana is a landlocked the Kalahari Desert in the Christian country, there is a country, located in south- southwest. Droughts are fre- strong admixture of tradi- central Africa, and is sur- quents, although the more tional believes. rounded by four neighbour- favourable conditions to the ing countries, namely, Zambia east permit widespread cattle Political background and Zimbabwe to the north- farming in the Limpopo basin. Botswana boasts one of east, Namibia to the north and the few flourishing constitu- west, and South Africa to the Population tional multiparty democracies south and southeast. The area With an estimated popu- in Africa. Since independence of Botswana is approximately lation of 2,127,000 people, in 1966, elections have been 581,730 square kilometres. Botswana is one of the most freely contested and held on thinly populated country schedule. General elections are The country is dominated of Africa with a density of held every 5 years. The presi- in geographical terms by the 3.6/km2. Botswana’s popula- dent of Botswana is indirectly Kalahari Desert – The Kalahari tion distribution is heavily elected. The presidential can- Desert covers up to 70% of the influenced by the rainfalls didate from the political party country. The Okavango Delta, patterns. Being concentrated that wins the majority of the the world’s largest inland in the east, an estimated 63% elected seats in the National delta, is in the northwest. The is urbanized and live mostly Assembly is sworn in as presi- Makgadikgadi Pan, a large within 100km of the capital dent. The cabinet is selected saltpan, lies in the north. city, Gaborone. Its agglom- by the president from the Although Botswana has no eration is home to 422,000 National Assembly; it consists mountain ranges to speak of, inhabitants. of a vice president and a flex- the almost uniformly flat land- ible number of ministers. The scape is punctuated occasion- The population is made National Assembly has 57 ally by low hills, especially of 20 different tribes, some elected members, 4 members along the southeastern bound- of which came originally elected by the 57 members of ary and in the far northwest. from Botswana’s neighbour- parliament and two ex-officio Botswana’s highest point is ing countries: South Africa, members. There is also a 1,491m Otse Mountain. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola House of Chiefs consisting of and Namibia. However, most 35 members that advise on Climate are originally of the Tswana tribal matters separate from Much of the country has people. The most distinct, the the assembly. a sub-tropical climate tem- Basarwa or San (Bushmen), pered by continental extremes. are the oldest ethnic group There are four main par- Winters are dry, beginning of Southern Africa and its ties and a number of smaller in May and frost is common. original inhabitants go back parties. In national elections Summers are hot, and between more than 30,000 years. The held October 24, 2014, the October and April day time small percentage of Euro- Botswana Democratic Party maxima of 40°C are common peans and Asians live pri- (BDP) won 37 of 57 contested although the nights may marily in the cities. National Assembly seats. be cool. Rainfall, broadly Incumbent President of Bots- restricted to the October- The national language is wana H.E. Lt. Gen. Seretse April period, is generally low Setswana although English, Khama Ian Khama was sworn (600 mm in the northeast to the official language, is used in for a second term. 250 mm in the southeast) and in business and most govern- ■

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Botswana, An unspoiled land of timeless beauty

Introduction is under conservation. Over Places of interest Botswana’s African wilder- 17% of Botswana consists of ness status and icons are game reserves and national clearly the brand assets that parks with an additional 20% Moremi & differentiate the destination set aside as Wildlife Manage- Okavango Region from its competitors. These ment Areas (WMAs). With Okavango Delta assets have huge emotional some of the best wildlife The Okavango delta cov- appeal to the growing global viewing in Africa, Botswana ering an area of 16 000 sq. km tourism market that is increas- has become one of the most and situated deep within the ingly in search of enriching popular destinations for Kalahari Basin is the world’s experiences by exploring new tourists seeking wildlife in largest inland wetland. How- horizons. The Okavango their natural habitat. ever, the delta region of the Delta, the elephants of the Okavango can vary in size Chobe, the Kalahari Desert, Interspersed throughout from 15,000 sq km during the Makgadigadi Pans and Botswana are also rich col- drier periods to a staggering the San culture are brand lections of historical and cul- 22,000 sq km during wetter icons that contribute to the tural heritage. Unique San periods. The meeting of dry mystique and celebrity status rock art, geological wonders, and wet land offers a breath- of the destination. and traditional art are addi- taking contrast, popularly tional attractions that com- referred to as the “Jewel of The country has a major plement the wildlife experience the Kalahari”. The lush green advantage in that much of its and add a further dimension indigenous forests of the unique natural environment to the tourism visit. Okavango Delta with its

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Tsodilo Hills Tsodilo Hills is a rare and unique place with an atmosphere of intrigue and mystery. Located west of the main road between Sepopa and Shakawe, the Tsodilo Hills consist of four large pieces of rock, rising unexpectedly from the dry expanse of desert. It is believed to be the site of first creation by the San who painted approximately 4,000 prehistoric rock paintings of animals, geo- metric and human designs islands, lagoons and flood- plains hosts more than four hundred species of birds, 122 species of mammals, 71 species of fish, and 1,300 flowering plant species. It is also home to some of the rarest varieties of animals. Some of the abun- dantly found species of animals include lions, hyenas, elephants, wild dog, hippo, buffalo, crocodiles as well as the smaller varieties like warthog, spotted genets, mon- goose, bush babies, monkey and tree squirrels. Tourists seek- game viewing, namely the against the magnificent stone ing the pleasure of adventure Khwai river floodplain, Xaka- faces of the hills, making it one are sure to have one of the naxa and Third Bridge. Lion, of the most historically sig- best experiences of their life. Leopard, African Wild Dog nificant art sites in the world. The Okavango Delta became and Cheetah are frequently The exact age of the paint- the 1000th site inscribed on encountered whilst Elephants ings are not known although the UNESCO World Heritage are common throughout the some are thought to be more List in June 2014. reserve as are Giraffe and Zebra than 20,000 years old. The as well as numerous antelope. early Iron Age site at Tsodilo Moremi Game Reserve Arguably Botswana’s most beautiful reserve, Moremi Game Reserve (4871sq. km) is situated in the eastern section of the Okavango Delta and as a result has a biodiversity second to none in Botswana. More than half of the reserve is inaccessible to vehicles as it consists of lagoons, marshes and seasonal channels. The Eastern section of the Reserve combines mopane woodland, flooded pans and open flood- plains and is one of the finest wildlife destinations in Africa. There are three main areas for

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called Divuyu dates between Park tour is still considered tacular. It supports a wide 700 and 900 AD. Tsodilo was one of the best game-viewing variety of African antelopes declared a UNESCO’s World experiences in Africa given including wildebeest, eland, Heritage in 2001. that nearly all the major gemsbok, kudu, red harte- species of wildlife inhabit the beest and springbok, giraffe, Gcwihaba Caverns region. Some of the dominant lion, cheetah, leopard, wild (Drotsky’s caves) groups include elephant, dog and brown hyena. Game Over 150km southwest of giraffe, impala, zebra, roan, viewing is at its best between the Tsodilo Hills lies an even sable, tshesebe, wildebeest, November and April when more remote area, populated buffalo, kudu, waterbuck, animals gather in the pans by scattered San villages and eland, warthog and some of and the valleys. dotted with a number of hills. the prominent predators like Attractions here are experi- lion, jackal, hyena, bat-eared Khutse Game Reserve enced through a labyrinth of fox, cheetah and the wild dog. Covering 2,500 sq. km. of passages and caves, some with land, Khutse Game Reserve is enchanting rock formations Kgalagadi Region situated about 240 kilometers of stalagmites, stalactites and Central Kalahari from Gaborone. The immense flowstones that seem like water- Game Reserve scarcity of water along with falls of rocks. Some of the pas- Larger than Denmark or the fragile vegetation led to sages are narrow and others Switzerland, the 52,800 sq. the complete absence of any are open chambers reaching km. Central Kalahari Game kind of human civilization up to 10 meters in height. Reserve, which was established in the region. Although large in 1961, is the second largest concentrations of game are Chobe Region wildlife reserve in the world. not available yet animals Chobe National Park Situated right in the centre like leopard, cheetah, giraffe, Easily accessible from of Botswana, the reserve is kudu, eland, red hartebeest, Kasane, in the north, the famous for its vast open plains, wildebeest, black backed Chobe National Park covers ancient riverbeds and saltpans. jackal, gemsbok, springbok, grey duiker, steenbok, brown hyena, wild dog and the bat eared fox are quite abundant in the reserve.

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park The Kgalagadi Transfron- tier Park was formed by the amalgamation of two pre- existing national parks. The Gemsbok National Park of Botswana and the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park were combined to form the Kgala- gadi Transfrontier Park (37,000 sq. km). The topography of the park is made of red sand dunes, long dried up riverbeds and little or no vegetation. The park is home to a large an area of approximately Offering the beauty of the number of predatory carni- 11 700 sq km, making it the wilderness, serenity and vast vores like hyenas, Kalahari second largest national park space, the game reserve is lions and cheetahs. Herbi- in Botswana. There are four the ultimate for tourists with vores like springbok, wilde- geographical areas in the a mind for adventure. The beest and eland also inhabit park: The Chobe River Front, golden Kalahari sands and the landscape. The red harte- Ngwezumba Pans, Savuti and the unspoiled arid environ- beest is also found in the park Linyanti. The Chobe National ment make the reserve spec- during its migration periods.

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Tel: +267 350 0146 Email: [email protected] Cell: +267 73001610 www.sunbeamhotel.co.bw BOTSWANA

Makgadikgadi and Nxai pans Region Makgadikgadi Pans National Park It is a fascinating place with salt-baked ground sur- faces situated roughly halfway between Maun and Nata on the Francistown road in northern Botswana. The Makga- dikgadi covers an area of about 12 000 sq. km. Remains of the palaeontogical “super- lake”, which covered most of northern Botswana, still lies here as a wide dry expanse covered with salt here and there. It consists mainly of fossil pan floors covered with palatable grass species which are a very important source of food to herbivores like impala, zebra, gemsbok and springbok. Many bird species are shady spots of acacia trees in bok, springhares, jackals, attracted by water in pans which animals often rest. The foxes, monkeys and squirrels. especially in the rainy season. sweet grasses on the pans Most of the wildlife has wings and around 165 bird species – from kingfishers and bee- eaters to eagles, bustards and ostriches – have been recorded. When the Nata River flows, the sanctuary attracts teals, ducks, geese, pelicans, spoon- bills and flamingoes.

Eastern & Central Region Khama Rhino Sanctuary This is a community based wildlife project, 25 kilometers north of Serowe and covering 4 300 sq km. The sanctuary provides a prime habitat for Located in the Makgadik- provide excellent grazing for black and white rhinos, as gadi pans region of Botswana, springbok, impala, zebra, well as 30 animals species Kubu Island is a place of great wildebeest, gemsbok and including zebra, blue wilde- natural beauty and a Nation eland. Predators in the area beest, giraffe, eland, spring- Monument with fossilised include hyena, cheetah and bok, impala, gemsbok, kudu, beaches, strange stone walls bat-eared fox. steenbok, duiker, red harte- and stunted baobab trees. beest, waterbuck, warthog, Nata Bird Sanctuary leopard, ostrich, African wild Nxai Pan National Park This 230 sq km commu- cat, caracal, small spotted A sister to the Makgadik- nity project is designed as a genet, black-backed jackal, gadi Pans National Park, and refuge for the wildlife on and bat-eared fox, brown hyena located close by, is the 2,578 around Sua Pan. Mammal and over 230 bird species sq. km. Nxai Pan National species are restricted to harte- including the Abdim’s stork Park. The park consists of beest, kudu, reedbuck, spring- and bearded woodpecker.

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Tuli Block own micro-climate with con- Old Palapye Situated in the east of siderably more rainfall than The most popular feature Botswana bordering South the regional average result- of the site is the burnt-brick Africa and Zimbabwe, the Tuli ing in rich biodiversity. The relic of the London Missionary Block is a lesser known wild- water in the hills is its main Society church built between life area. The main attraction attraction. 1891 and 1894. The site also is the Northern Tuli Game has remains of a shop, prison, Reserve, which forms part of The flora and fauna of the a market centre, European a Transfrontier Conservation hills can be spectacular with grave site and African burials Area, however there are a few some plant species found here including that of Khama III’s private reserves outside of the that are not found anywhere wife. Throughout the site piles Northern Tuli Game Reserve else in Botswana. The hills are of stones provide evidence of which also have good wildlife. home to a number of mam- traditional rondavels that Eastern Botswana is quite dif- mals including leopard, brown once existed in this area. ferent with mopane woodland hyena, kudu and porcupine and rocky outcrops giving though these are seldom seen Southern Region way to riverine forest along due to the pressures of hunt- Mogonye Gorge the Limpopo River. There is a ing in the area. Rock daisies Located about 70 km healthy elephant population are commonly seen as are southwest of Gaborone, the as well as animals such as baboons and this is one of Magonye Gorge includes giraffe, zebra and various the few areas in Botswana Dinkgwana, regarded as a antelope. The rocky outcrops where jameson’s rock rabbit sacred place and ancestral are habitat for klipspringer, is found. The streams and site, Kgophu ya Dinonyane baboon, rock dassie and leop- pools contain small fish and (Birds Spring), a small spring ard whilst the shy bushbuck crabs and the birdlife is abun- which attracts many types can be spotted along the Lim- dant with over 330 species of birds, Khophu ya Thukwi, popo. In the Northern Tuli being seen. There are two cape where Aardvaarks once were Lion, hyena and wild dog vulture colonies in the hills found in large numbers. It occur although as the reserve – one at gootau and the other is advisable to visit the site isn’t fenced these predators at Moremi. There are many in the afternoon when birds, can also be seen in the sur- unexplored gorges due to the baboons and other species rounding reserves. Birdlife is prevalent fear of ancestral around for their routine water excellent with migrants such spirits which are believed to drinking. as southern carmine bee-eater dwell in the hills. As a result and broadbilled roller seen. the area remains unspoilt Manyana Rock Paintings Manyana is one of the few rock art sites that will make you think beyond Tsodilo Hills in terms of rock art. It is one of the most accessible sites in Botswana, less than an hour’s drive from Gaborone. The significant thing about Manyana is that rock paintings are very rare in the southeast of Botswana. There are several paintings scattered around the cliffs in the village. They are believed to have been created as part of religious Tswapong Hills and contains many hidden activities. It seems that this The Tswapong hills, located treasures for the intrepid was a sacred site which people 40 km south of Palapye, are explorer. Places of interest regularly visited for certain about 15 km wide and rise around this area include but rituals. Manyana is also one 400m above their surround- not limited to Malaka, Moremi of the few rock art sites with ings. These hills have their and Photophoto gorges. black paintings.

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Mokolodi Nature Economic impact investment) compared to Reserve & performance P2.35 billion in 2012. This Mokolodi game reserve is Demand for Botswana’s rapid expansion shows the the closest to Gaborone and tourism products has increased considerable potential for the offers a variety of activities substantially during the past sector to contribute towards for the entire family. The pri- ten years, both as a result of a Botswana’s economic growth. vate reserve offers game drives, greater awareness of Botswana guided walks, horse-back as a destination and the major Taking into consideration safari, rhino tracking, giraffe growth of the Southern Africa the wider effects from invest- tracking, walks with trained tourism circuit. International ment, the supply chain and elephants and cheetah visits. tourist arrivals have grown induced income impacts, the considerably from 1 million total contribution of travel Cultural Tourism in 2005 to nearly 2.4 million and tourism to the economy Botswana’s attractions in 2013. As a result travel and reached P14.1 billion in 2013, are vested in the ecological tourism plays an increasing which represents 8.4 % of and wilderness experience. role in the economy. GDP. The sector also offered direct and indirect employment opportunities to about 67,000 people.

Looking further afield, the WTTC projects that in the next 10 years, Botswana’s travel and tourism sector will grow 5.8% annually and contribute P10.3 billion by 2024. In the same year, the council expects the sector to account for 41,000 jobs directly, while tourist arrivals will reach 3.9 million.

Management of the Tourism sector The Ministry of Environ- ment, Wildlife and Tourism (MEWT) manages the tourism sector in Botswana. Through However, the cultural heritage According to the World the Department of Tourism, attractions are largely value- Travel and Tourism Council the Ministry focuses on policy adders to the wildlife experi- (WTTC), Botswana’s travel formulation, implementation ence. Most unique cultural and tourism activities directly and regulation of the Industry. resource is the San lifestyle contributed P5.48 billion to and heritage, which is globally the GDP (3.2%) in 2013, while The Department of Wildlife unique and valued. The San supporting 31,000 jobs. and National Parks (DWNP) interpretation of the natural is the custodian of most of wilderness and their ancient Tourism has emerged Botswana’s unique tourism traditions such as their rock among the top foreign ex- assets, as most wilderness areas art offer an unparalleled change earner. Spending are classified as National Parks, tourism experience. Further- within the country by inter- Game Reserves or Wildlife more, related activities such national tourists for 2013 were Management areas. as traditional dancing, story- P8.9 billion in 2013 (10.9% telling, guided hunting and of total exports), up from P7.3 The Botswana Tourism gathering trips brings eco- billion the previous year. Like- Organisation (formerly named nomic benefits to local com- wise, capital investment in Botswana Tourism Board), munities and directs revenue the sector amounted P1.84 operational since 2006, is a to local people. Billion in 2013 (7.6% of total parastatal body set up through

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try, with a view to proposing a new policy framework to guide future plans, development and management of the sector in Botswana.

The Botswana Govern- ment has also produced a range of high quality development frameworks during the past decade. These frameworks have assisted in guiding the fledgling tourism industry forward and have generally been based on sound principles that have acknowledged the environ- an Act of Parliament with members such as manpower mental value and vulnera- the mandate to: Market the and training. bility of the resource base. Botswana tourist product; Among them, the Botswana grade and classify tourist Tourism Policy Tourism Master Plan (2000) accommodation facilities; The Government position and the Botswana National and promote investment in on tourism is contained in the Eco-tourism Strategy (2002) the tourism sector. Tourism Policy (1990). The are the most important. They general objective of the tourism both focus strongly on low- In the private sector, the policy is to obtain, on a sus- volume/highspend tourism Hospitality and Tourism Asso- tainable basis, the greatest as a means of capturing value ciation of Botswana (HATAB) possible net social and eco- while minimising environ- is the most representative nomic benefits for Batswana mental impact.

organisation being considered from their tourism resources, The Botswana Tourism and, therefore, consulted by scenic beauty, wildlife and Master Plan established four the government on policies, unique ecological, geological main guidelines for tourism legislative issues and govern- and cultural characteristics. development which are all ment regulations that affect The Tourism Policy is currently interlinked to each other. These its members. As an association being reviewed, taking into are product diversification, of businesses it has a legit- consideration recent changes, citizen/community partici- imate interest in marketing, challenges, competitive situ- pation/community empow- product development and ation and future development erment, private/public sector diversification, conservation trends within the local and partnership and ecological/ issues and specific needs of its international tourism indus- economic sustainability.

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The National Eco-Tourism National Museum is under- country’s profile. Other pop- Strategy views Ecotourism as taking sustainable devel- ular annual events now also an enhanced travel package opment and management include the Subaru Kalahari to Botswana’s historical, cul- of 100 heritage sites, found Challenge and the Tour de tural and natural environ- across Botswana. Through Tuli Cycle Challenge. ments, with the aim of enjoy- the 100 Monuments Project, ing and learning, and in so Botswana National Museum Furthermore, there are doing promoting the financial is also actively engaged in plans to open up new tourists development of the local host developing heritage man- regions, thus reducing the communities, whilst sustain- agement partnerships with pressure on the northeastern ing the natural environment local communities. This is part of Botswana. Cultural and developing the tourist part of the Community Based tourism is starting to become industry. Natural Resources Manage- a significant attraction to ment (CBNRM) policy, which tourists. Latest developments Latest developments encourages local communi- to promote this sector are in the Tourism sector ties to utilise natural resources starting to show in many com- Product development such as heritage sites for munities through cultural through diversification, mar- economic empowerment. festivals such as Kuru dance keting and promotion, train- Through these partnerships, festival, Maitisong festival, ing and education, and tour- local people living near mon- Maun festival, Domboshaba ism awareness are the latest uments are encouraged and festival of culture and history, developments in the tourism helped to form trusts, which the son of the soil culture industry. now number over 110 across festival and the Dithubaruba the country. culture festival. Through product diversification, Tourism Management Another means through Marketing and promotion in Botswana has embarked on which Botswana is diversify- to enhance the competitive adding new components by ing its tourism is the develop- edge of Botswana as a tourist developing the tourism prod- ment of Sport Tourism. Events destination have intensified.

uct, and facilitating the mean- such as Makgadikgadi Epic International marketing ingful participation of local sky dive, Khawa Dune Chal- representatives have been communities, while ensuring lenge, and the Toyota Kalahari appointed in major sources, environmental sustainability. 1000 Desert Race are bring- especially the European For instance, the Botswana ing visitors while raising the countries, and the Botswana

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Tourism Organisation (BTO) Challenges ices into Botswana is having actively participates in major Although tourism is grow- a severe impact on the tourism international tourism promo- ing in Botswana, there are earning potential. tional events in the world, many challenges that still • Other than Chobe and thereby marketing domestic need to be overcome. Moremi Parks, which together tourism. On the other hand, account for more than 90% the government of Botswana • There is an urgent need to of the primary market seg- has done its best to assist in adjust the policy framework ments, the rest of the attrac- this undertaking by provid- and adopt a market-driven tions in the country remain ing solid infrastructures for approach given the emergence under-developed or unknown tourist sites, and providing of new competitive destina- and thus do not attract a large financial assistance, training tions as well as changing number of visitors. and marketing assistance. marketplace demand. • Botswana’s transport and • The focus on “low volume- ICT infrastructures are some- In addition, the Depart- high cost” tourism has con- what underdeveloped, as is ment of Tourism continues tributed to a perception in its tourism infrastructure, to inspect and license tourist enterprises; quality of the sector is assured through the grading and classification of tourist facilities. In 2013 there were an estimated 528 accommodation facilities in the country, with an estimated 8,362 rooms and 15,804 beds. Through quality of tourism service, training has been introduced to improve the professional performance of staff. Lately, a tourism-training levy was introduced to upgrade skills of frontline staff in the tourism industry. Public the marketplace that Bots- with a low hotel room con- tourism awareness is planned wana is an expensive tourism centration, a limited presence for and undertaken in schools, destination. of international car rental the tourism industry itself • The current inadequacy companies, and relatively and visitor target areas. of international airline serv- few ATMs.

Conclusion There is no doubt that the sector has substantial expansion potential and that, given the dependence on mining and the increasing pressure on employment creation tourism is particularly well suited as a priority sector towards diversifying the Botswana economy. However, sustainable tourism growth will require a firm commitment, substantial investment and strategic leadership from the government, so as to improve it competitiveness in the global tourism arena. ■

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO The much anticipated brand new 84 bed-roomed Indaba Lodge, Gaborone is a select service hotel providing affordable, quality accommodation to the corporate & Leisure Traveller.

Ideally located on the Tlokweng Road and within easy access of the Fair Grounds Corporate Your Key to a Business Hub, the University of Botswana and the Riverwalk Shopping Centre; the Indaba Lodge Perfect Day promises unsurpassed service excellence and modern facilities to the discerning traveller who enjoys that little extra.

• 84 luxury en-suite Bedrooms • Fully Airconditioned • Safe Underground Parking • Coffee Shop • Cocktail Bar • Tranquil Pool & Pool Deck • Casual Dining • Resident’s only Gym • Free Wi-Fi • Executive Boardroom seating up to 16 people boasting state of the art equipment • Airport Transfers. Tlokweng Road, Gaborone Private Bag RW001, Riverwalk, Gaborone “You’ve tried the rest, now try the best!” T +267 399 9500 E: [email protected] W: www.indabagaborone.co.bw WE NEVER STOP With reverse circulation capabilities added to the DM45 and DML, it further emphasizes the ﬂexibility of Atlas Copco’s blasthole drills.

Mines around the world are bringing the added dimension of in-pit grade control with the addition of the Reverse Circulation (RC) kit. In addition to being ordered on a new machine, it also has the flexibility to be retrofitted in the field on the DM45 and DML where sampling and in-pit grade control are required in addition to production drilling. To learn more about what Atlas Copco’s reverse circulation kit has to offer, visit us at www.atlascopco.com/blastholedrills.

Atlas Copco Botswana Phone: +267 395 9155 Fax: +267 395 9150 Plot 175, Commerce Park, Gaborone, Botswana Email: [email protected] BOTSWANA

Mining: Unlocking Botswana’s hidden wealth

Introduction of local beneficiation and is by far the largest of the The exploitation of the value addition, investment four mines while Jwaneng is country’s mineral resources promotion and diversification the most valuable diamond has been a key factor of the and promotion of citizen par- mine in the world. development of Botswana ticipation in the mineral sector. since independence in 1966. After plummeting from Botswana’s mining industry Production 32.6 million carats in 2008 consists mainly of diamonds. to 17.7 million carats in 2009 Other minerals mined include Diamonds due to the global financial copper-nickel matte, coal, soda Botswana became a major crisis that hit demand for the ash, salt, and small amounts producer in 1973 when extrac- gemstones, Debswana’s pro- of gold. More recently, coal and tion commenced at the Orapa duction recovered in 2010 to uranium have emerged as key kimberlite pipe, followed by reach 22.01 million carats. potential revenue generators. a further increase in the coun- Production grew marginally try’s production when the by 4% in 2011 to 22.90 mil- Though Botswana has Jwaneng pipe came on stream lion carats but declined by tried to diversify its economy, in 1982. Today, Botswana is 12% to 20.22 million carats the mining sector continues the world’s largest diamond the following year. Firming to dominate the economy. In producer by value, and the up of global demand, partic- 2013, the sector accounted for world’s second-largest producer ularly in the leading US mar- 22.4% of GDP, 82% of total by volume. ket, combined with specific export receipts and 30% of gov- production dynamics helped ernment revenues. The econ- Four world class mines – Debswana to increase its pro- omy, government, and people Orapa, Jwaneng, Letlhakane, duction by 12% to 22.70 mil- of Botswana therefore rely and Damtshaa – under the lion carats in 2013. During heavily on mineral revenue. operation of the Debswana the first nine month of 2014, Diamond Company (a 50/50 the company produced 20.52 In a challenging environ- joint venture between the gov- million carats, up 12% in vol- ment, strategies have been put ernment of Botswana and ume year on year. in place to sustain the mineral Anglo-American-owned De sector’s contribution to the eco- Beers) continue to make up It is worth noting that for nomic growth of Botswana. the bulk of Botswana’s rough the past few years Debswana These include the promotion diamond production. Orapa has maintained its strategy

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of capping production to not of operations was very suc- largest single investment in only prolong mines’ lifes- cessful with production and the Botswana mining indus- pans but also to influence cost targets either being met try with an estimated total market prices. or exceeded. The company project investment cost of ramped up production and US$3.5 billion over 15 years. Within this context, the recovered 440,751 carats in The project will strip 713 mil- new entrants in the diamond 2013. Some exceptionally high lion tonnes of waste, expos- producing industry experi- valued stones have been found ing an additional 75 million enced mixed fortunes. Weak in the Karowe mine. tonnes of diamond bearing demand for diamonds in ore. The Jwaneng Cut 8 infra- 2012 resulted in suspension Gem Diamonds Botswana, structure and plant upgrades of operations by two small a UK-based company, was project was on schedule and diamond mines (Lerala Mine awarded in January 2011 a completed in September 2012. and BK11 Mine). 25 year mining licence for The Modular Tailings Treat- ment plant execution started in 2012 with procurement and construction continuing in 2013. Cut 8 is progressing well and is on track to deliver. Studies for Cut 9 which will extend the life of mine even further continue to be explored. Debswana is also in the process of assessing the mineralisa- tion of a 70 million tailings dump at Lethlakane mine.

Diamond exploration continues in Botswana, and the potential for finding further diamondiferous kim- Mantle operated Lerala the Ghaghoo Diamond Mine berlite deposits is high. There Mine between February and located in the Central Kala- are currently over 40 diamond July 2012, producing 73,403 hari Reserve (CKGR). The first prospecting companies active carats before the mine was phase of construction at the in the country. Petra Dia- placed on care and mainte- underground mine started monds, Botswana Diamonds, nance. The mine has since in 2011. After some delays, Pangolin Diamonds, Kim- been sold to Kimberley Dia- the mine is now expected to berley Diamonds and Tsoldilo monds who plans to resume come on stream in early 2015 Resources are among the operations in 2015 with an with a production of around largest holders of diamond annual target of 400,000 750,000 carats annually when exploration ground in the carats when it reaches full fully operational. The site has country. capacity. an estimated resource of 20 million carats worth more Base Metals Firestone’s BK 11 Mine than US$3 billion. Base metals remain Bots- was also placed in care and wana’s second highest export maintenance in 2012. The In the meantime giant earners after diamonds. company has initiated the investments are underway. disposal process of its assets Debswana kicked off its Cut Copper, Nickel and Cobalt through bidding. 8 project in December 2010. minerals are currently mined Cut 8 is the expansion of and produced by BCL Ltd, Boteti Mining (Pty) Ltd, the Jwaneng mine, aimed Tati Nickel Mining Company, an independent diamond at extending the mine’s life African Copper PLC and producer owned by Lucara span to at least 2028, pro- Discovery Metals Ltd. Diamond Corp started providing access to about 95 duction at Karowe mine in million carats, mainly high BCL Ltd is the longest April 2012. The first full year quality diamonds. Cut 8 is the established copper and nickel

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nickel concentrate and 2,539 tonnes of copper concentrate, respectively 19% and 27% less than a year earlier. Tati’s current life of mine is 2019. With operations winding down at Phoenix, the company is preparing to re-launch mining at its Selkirk nickel mine.

African Copper’s PLC operates the copper producing open pit Mowana mine and the adjacent Thakadu Mine. Both deposits are situated on the highly prospective Matsitama belt, near Francis- town. Production of copper in concentrate grew by 13% from 8,740 tonnes in 2012 to 9,865 tonnes in 2013. Produc- tion for the first six months of 2014 was 5,218 tonnes, down 5% from last year. The producer in the country. The Tati Nickel Mining Co company has extensive explo- company operates a smelting operates the Phoenix open ration programme intended plant with a current annual pit copper-nickel deposit near to find new copper deposits capacity of 60,000 tonnes Francistown and sends its in areas around Matsitama. of metal production that processes copper-nickel concentrates from its own Selebi- Phikwe mines plus additional customs feeds. In 2013, BCL’s production reached 44,396 tonnes of matte compared to 35,768 tonnes the previous year. The company is putting all efforts into its Polaris II strategy with a strong focus on leadership and where to take BCL beyond its life of mine. Further to the acquisition in October 2014 of concentrate for toll-smelting Discovery Metals is focus- Norlisk Nickel’s Southern to third parties. Tati produced ing its activities on the Boseto Africa assets, which notably 8,100 tonnes nickel in con- Copper Project in north-west include its 50% stake in South centrate in 2013, down 34% Botswana. Annual produc- African based Nkomati Nickel, from 2012 due to lower metal tion is planned to be approx- as well as 85% in the local grades in the mined ore. Cop- imately 36,000 tonnes of Tati Nickel Mine, BCL is set per output also went down by copper in concentrate and to become a regional smelting 34% in 2013 to 6,800 tonnes more than 1 million ounces hub for Africa, taking advan- in concentrate. Both palla- of silver per annum, for in tage of its existing infrastruc- dium and platinum output excess of the initially evalu- ture. The ultimate goal is to were also below 2012 levels, ated mine life of 15 years. establish Selebi-Phikwe as with 56,000 oz of palladium The Boseto Copper Project a regional metallurgical hub and 9,000 oz platinum. During lies within the 11,872 square for the refinement of base the first half of 2014, Tati pro- kilometres of tenements the metal concentrates. duced only 3,329 tonnes of company holds on the highly

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prospective Kalahari Copper- by 8% and 14% in 2013 com- establishment of a new 1 mil- belt, providing significant pared to the previous year lion tonnes per annum open scale and resource upside. Fol- and amounted US$7,330 and cast coal mine. The new mine, lowing the start of commis- US$15,029 per tonne respec- which will be built adjacent sioning in June 2012, ramp tively. Despite this, the com- to the existing underground up operations were completed bined export value of the two operations, will feed the envis- in June 2013. Production commodities increased by aged 300MW second phase increased from 6,750 tonnes 21% from US$464 million to of Morupule B power plant. of copper in concentrate and US$561 million on account Coal output was 1.49 million 245,000 ounces of silver in of higher volumes. tonnes in 2013. With estimated 2012 to 18,274 tonnes of cop- coal resources of 212 billion per in concentrate and 726,000 Coal tonnes of which approxi- ounces of silver in 2013. Out- Morupule Coal Mine mately 7.5 billion tonnes are put was 16,103 tonnes of cop- (MCM), near Palapye, is Bots- currently measured reserves, per in concentrate during the wana’s only producing and coal presents a major growth first nine months of 2014. exporting coal mine despite opportunity for Botswana huge coal resources in the and a route to diversification, The Ghantsi-Chobe Cop- country. Wholly owned by reducing the overreliance on per Silver Project (Khoemacau Debswana, MCM has a capac- diamonds. Project), the MOD Resources ity of 3.2 million tonnes per Copper Project and the Diko- annum following an expan- The Government lifted its loti Nickel Project are poten- sion completed in 2012. The moratorium on the issuing tial mines that are being bulk of the production is ear- of new coal, coal bed methane developed. marked for Botswana Power and related minerals prospect- Corporation, while the remaining licences in January 2012 It is worth noting that the der supply other local, regional following completion of a coal general downward trend in and overseas customers. Export roadmap study that identified base metal prices affected the markets are being actively coal exports, power exports profitability of the mines in pursued for further business and domestic power as the 2013. The average annual cop- growth. MCM has also started best ways to monetise the per and nickel prices declined preparatory work towards country’s coal resources. A

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Coal Development Unit was lines is therefore the key to CBM such as Kalahari Energy, set up under the Ministry of unlocking the potential of Tlou Energy, Magnum Gas Minerals, Energy and Water Botswana’s very large coal and Power and Kubu Energy. Resources to oversee and deposits. ensure the implementation of Soda Ash a strategic coal monetisation The government signed a Soda is currently the third plan, optimisation of the coal bilateral agreement in March strongest non-diamond min- value chain, coordination of 2014 with Namibia on the eral export in Botswana. Soda related infrastructure projects Trans-Kalahari Railway Proj- ash mining is located in and act as a contact between ect paving the way for the Sua Pan. The mine is a 50/50 government and the private construction of a heavy haul share between Botswana Ash sector. By October 2013, there railway line stretching 1,500 (Botash), representing the were 88 coal and coal bed km from Mmamabula coal government and Chlor Alkali methane prospecting licences fields to Walvis Bay. The com- Holdings. The production of issued to mining and explo- modity terminal as envisaged soda ash in 2013 reached ration companies. could handle about 65 million 227,913 tonnes while exports tonnes of coal per annum. amounted US$ 86 million. Based on information from The construction of a 1,100 The company also produced active companies holding km new railway line linking 521,306 tonnes of salt. Botash prospecting licences and on Botswana to a new deep- continues to actively look for intended mine developments water port near Maputo in new sales markets in the region from existing resources up to Mozambique is also under and internationally, such as 24 new mines producing over evaluation. Transnet Freight India and the DRC, in addi- 190 million tonnes per annum Rail of South Africa is also tion to its main client, the (mtpa) of coal could poten- planning the construction of South Africa glass industry. tially open. Current resources a 105km heavy-haul coal holders have plans to pro- rail link between Botswana duce over 115mtpa of coal and South Africa. This line for export, the bulk of it ear- would transport coal from marked for the Asian markets, Botswana into South Africa particularly India and China. to be consumed by Eskom, The coal intended for power or exported via Richards Bay generation (75 mtpa) could to the seaborne market. The sustain a power industry pro- line could carry 40-80 million ducing 15 GW of power for tonnes per annum. domestic and regional consumption. From review of In the meantime, the feasibility studies the most Government is in the process profitable operations will be of procuring Independent Gold those that produce an export Power Producers for the con- There has been inter- product and are able to burn struction of an additional mittent gold mining activity their middlings for power 300MW power plant from a over a long period in northeast generation. Brownfield site at Morupule Botswana. In 1998, Gallery B site as well as 300MW power Gold discovered a one mil- Unfortunately, lack of plant from a Greenfield site. lion ounce gold resource at appropriate and dedicated Mupane. Production com- infrastructure to move coal to Major developers in the menced in late 2004, and the markets has so far made coal sector include African quickly reached the rated it difficult to develop the Energy Resources, Anglo Coal, capacity of 100,000 oz p.a. large coal resources which Jindal Africa and Shumba The mine was taken over Botswana is endowed with. Coal. Other active prospecting by IAMGold in 2006 until it The railway lines through companies include Minergy was sold to Galane Gold in Zimbabwe to Mozambique, Resources, Hodges Resources, 2011. Mupane mine produced and through South Africa to Continental Coal, Nimrodel 38,754 ounces (1.1 tonne) of the port in Durban, have a Resources and A-Cap Resour- gold in 2013. This was below limited capacity. Construction ces. Several other companies 2012 output of 48,940 ounces of new heavy haul railway are assessing the extent of produced. The average com-

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bined selling price in 2013 in Botswana at present. As Government’s progressive was US$1,388 per ounce. By noted above, historically, mineral policies. Botswana’s end of June 2014, gold pro- other minerals have been minerals policy framework duction was only at 16,542 mined, including manganese is intended to provide a sta- ounces. Underground mining and asbestos. Semi-precious ble, investor-friendly frame- has started while a portfolio- stones are mined on a small work to support private sector wide exploration plan has scale, and there is increasing investment decisions, enabling been developed in order to demand for sand, crushed them to earn an adequate postpone further the antici- stone and gravel from the return on capital and reward pated closure of the mine. construction sector. Clay is for risks taken, while ensur- mined near Lobatse for the ing that excess profits, or min- Uranium domestic brick industry. eral rents, are secured for the Uranium has emerged as nation through a suitable fiscal future key revenue generator Performance regime. In maximizing eco- for Botswana mining industry and outlook nomic and other benefits for as prices are set to strengthen Botswana’s economic per- the country, the government’s and increase over next years. formance in 2013 was boosted minerals policy aims to: In December 2007, A-Cap by renewed growth in the • Accelerate prospecting and has upgraded its uranium mining sector, which continue new mine development; resource at its Letlhakane to drive the economy. Powered • Encourage activities that site. Letlhakane is one of the by a rebound in diamond generate added real value to, world’s top 10 underdeveloped production and sales, the and linkages with, the rest uranium projects and one of country’s predominant min- of the economy; only four which is capable ing sector grew by 10.6%. • Create training and employ- of commencing production The volume of production ment opportunities for its within two years. An advanced grew by 13% to 23.19 million citizens; scoping study has been com- carats while production by • Minimise the environmental pleted and a pre-feasibility value rose 22% to US$3.63 damage caused by mining study was finalized in Decem- billion. Diamond production operations. ber 2013 followed by a bank- further increased by 12% year able feasibility study to be on year during the first nine As part of this policy completed by December 2014. months of 2014. Production Botswana introduced a new First production at the mine reached 20,7 million carats, “Mines and Minerals Act” in is anticipated for 2016 with mainly due to the mining of 1999. This Act was based sub- an annual output of 3 million improved grades. stantially on International pounds of uranium oxide with models and, importantly, a life of mine of over 20 years. Notwithstanding con- provides for excellent secu- tinued volatility in the global rity of title within a simple Impact Minerals is the trading of mineral commodi- yet comprehensive reporting largest ground holder for ties, Botswana’s mining sector framework. radioactive mineral rights in is expected to grow in the next Botswana and holds prospect- four years to reach a value All mineral rights in ing licenses covering 30,000 of US$6 billion by 2018. This Botswana are vested in the km2 and containing signif- is expected to be driven by the state. Prospecting licences are icant strike extensions to the steady growth in diamond valid for a period of up to host rocks found at the nearby production, combined with three years, with two renewals A-Cap’s Letlhakane Uranium an accelerated growth in cop- each not exceeding two years. site. Impact’s Lekabolo deposit per, nickel and coal outputs Prospectors have to relin- is at an advanced explora- as well as emerging oppor- quish 50% of their area at tion stage. African Energy tunities for beneficiation. each renewal. The holder of Resources is also active in a prospecting licence may uranium exploration. Mineral investment apply for a retention licence climate on the corresponding area Other minerals The overall success of Bots- in the event that a feasibility Diamonds, copper-nickel, wana’s minerals sector over study determines that it is not soda ash and coal are the the past forty years has been financially viable to exploit main minerals being mined partly due to the Botswana the deposit with current tech-

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greater certainty. The tax rate applicable each year may vary between 22% and a theoretical maximum of 55% depending on the profitability of the mining operation. Mining companies are entitled to an allowable deduction of 100% of the mining capital expenditure with unlimited carry forward of losses. Mineral royalty rates are 10% for precious stones; 5% for precious metals and 3% for other minerals, all calculated from the gross market value of mineral sales at the “Mine gate”.

In the 2014 Fraser Insti- tute Mining Policy Perception Index, which annually assesses the competitiveness of global mining jurisdictions, Botswana ranked first in Africa and first in the world for diamond industry investment.

Beneficiation and diamond downstream industry Over recent years, Govern- ment’s beneficiation strategy has led to the rapid growth of the diamond manufacturing sector, with 21 local dia- nology. The retention licence incurred by the company to mond cutting and polishing is valid no longer than three which the licence was issued factories now employing in years, and is renewable only that is directly attributable to excess of 3,800 people. once. Mining licenses are the acquisition of the licence, granted for periods of up to including relevant prospecting The first toward creating 25 years. On expiry, the holder expenditure. The value of the an integrated diamond hub of a mining license is entitled 15% interest is calculated by in the country was the estab- to a renewal of the license independent third parties. If lishment of the Diamond for a further period of up to the Government chooses not Trading Company Botswana 25 years. to exercise the option at the (DTCB) in 2006 to localise sort- mine development phase, the ing and valuing of Debswana’s Once a mining licence has option lapses. This provision production. This equal part- been issued the Government applies to all mining opera- nership between De Beers has the option of acquiring tions except for diamonds, and the government, which up to 15% working interest where the ownership level commenced operations in participation in the proposed and the terms of ownership 2008, boasts the largest and mine, including the right to are a matter for negotiation. most advanced sorting and appoint up to two directors. valuing facility in the world If the option is exercised, the A new mining tax formula with a capacity to process up Government pays for its share- applicable to all non-diamond to 45 million carat per annum. holding by contributing its mining operations was intro- working interest percentage duced in order to provide The signing in September of all audited expenditure international investors with 2011 of a new 10-year mar-

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keting agreement between 2016) and market it through supply consistency to enable the government of Botswana its own channels. The Oka- them to plan their down- and De Beers, whereby aggre- vango Diamond Company stream business and commit gation and sales of rough (ODC) has been established to long-term investments in diamonds from De Beers’ for this end in February 2012. Botswana. operations worldwide would and has since conducted sev- be moved from London to eral auctions. The beneficiation strategy Gaborone marked another has also brought an array of major step in the beneficiation In support to the govern- opportunities to the second- process. The first milestone ment’s vision to drive job ary business sectors such as towards full migration was creation and value creation banking, security, IT, equip- achieved in August 2012 when from the country’s diamond ment supply, transportation diamonds from De Beers’ oper- resources GSS has taken over and hospitality. All of these ations were aggregated in from DTCB the task of aggre- new opportunities are expected Botswana for the first time. gating and selling diamonds to support Botswana’s eco- The aggregation activities took to the existing local diamond nomic strategy to generate place in the new purpose- manufacturers licensed to jobs for citizens and derive built De Beers facility housed carry out cutting and polish- maximum return from the within DTC Botswana building activities in Botswana. use of the country’s natural ing. Completed in October GSS has also committed to resources. 2013, the relocation of De increase the supply to local Beers’ primary rough diamond manufacturing businesses Conclusion distribution arm, Global Sight- to some US$800 by 2014. Yet, In line with the Govern- holder Sales (GSS), has trans- the export value of locally ment’s plans to diversify away formed Botswana into a lead- processed diamonds reached from diamond revenues, there ing diamond trading hub US$783 million in 2013 (13.5% has been a swathe of new attracting a growing traffic of the total diamond export mining projects announced of buyers. The shift has also value). over the last three years. How- initiated the much needed crit- ever, while the country’s pre- ical mass for secondary dia- The process of aggrega- cious metals and coal pro- mond trading in Gaborone. tion, which involves the mix- duction is set to surge from ing of like-for-like diamonds its low base, diamond output Pursuant to the provisions from De Beers’ global pro- will unquestionably remain of the agreement, Botswana duction (40% of the world’s the dominant facet of the can purchase a portion of rough diamond supply) is country’s mining production Debswana’s production from expected to provide De Beers’ for the foreseeable future. DTCB (10% rising to 15% by sight-holders with enough ■

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Agriculture: Empowering farmers

Introduction of different programmes such policy has yielded some pos- Botswana’s economy has as Integrated Support Pro- itive results, development of historically been agricultur- gramme for Arable Agricul- Botswana’s agriculture con- ally based until 1967 when tural Development (ISPAAD), tinues to be constrained and diamonds were discovered. National Master Plan for is currently not reaching its full Since then, the contribution Arable Agricultural and Dairy potential. There still remains of the agricultural sector to the Development (NAMPAADD), much opportunity to expand Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Livestock Management and and diversify. drastically declined. Despite Infrastructure Development that, it remains vitally impor- (LIMID), Citizen Entrepre- Production tant to the economy and a neurial Development Agency Livestock major contributor to rural live- (CEDA) Young Farmers Fund One of the major agricul- lihoods. About 37% of the pop- and the Youth Development tural enterprises in Botswana ulation reside in rural areas Fund among others, with the is livestock production, which and are somehow dependent view to achieve some level of include cattle farming, sheep on crop production and live- food security, diversify agri- and goat farming, dairy pro- stock farming. Agriculture cultural production base, and duction, poultry, piggery, meets only a small portion of increase output and produc- ostrich farming, fish farming food needs and contributes just tivity, while at the same time and beekeeping. Livestock 2.3% to GDP but it remains a creating employment. production contributes to social and cultural touchstone. national food supply, food Achieving greater com- exports and wealth through In an effort to support Agri- mercialisation of the agri- commercial farming. culture, the government con- cultural sector has been an tinues to encourage Batswana explicit aim of Botswana The cattle herd is esti- to enter farming through government policy for many mated at 2.24 million head management and financing years. Whilst pursuit of this while the number of goats and

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sheep is estimated at about It is worth noting that Efforts to further commer- 1.65 million and 0.29 million cattle production is steadily cialise the cattle production respectively (CSO, 2012). Out shifting to weaner/feedlot sys- are however often hampered of the total ruminant popula- tems, both to ensure export by recurrent droughts and foot tion, 15% falls under a well- compliance and to guar- and mouth disease outbreaks. developed commercial farm- antee consistency of quality ing system, comprising cattle and supply. Though not fully estab- ranching and feedlots which lished, dairy farming is also coexists with a large number In order to improve the practiced. Despite efforts by the (85%) of ruminants under national cattle herd, the government to assist existing the traditional or communal Ramatlabama bull stud and and prospective dairy farmers grazing system comprising Artificial Insemination Labo- through NAMPAADD, the small farms. ratory keeps cattle breeds for local dairy sub-sector continues to fail to meet national demand. Currently, local farmers produce a mere 5 million litres per year, which is way short of the national demand of 60 million litres.

Individual farmers continue to be funded to rear small stock such as goats, sheep and pigs through government initiatives such as LIMID. Since its inception in 2007, over 18,000 of them have benefited from the programme.

Cattle from commercial collection of semen to improve The poultry sector has farms and small communal exotic breeding. Several arti- become an important live- farmers are mainly sold to the ficial insemination camps stock industry and is the most Botswana Meat Commission have been built across the successful example of import (BMC) where they are slaugh- country and Cattle Breeding substitution in Botswana with tered to supply the local and Societies have been formed. the country having achieved international market with beef and beef products.

BMC, which has a statutory monopoly on all beef exports, currently operates three abattoirs in Lobatse, Francistown and Maun with a combined capacity to slaugh- ter over 300,000 cattle per annum. However, BMC continues to operate a high cost structure with plant utilisation well below the production capacity. BMC’s throughput for the year 2013 was only 200,000 heads. Some 100,000 cattle heads are slaughtered annually by municipal and private abattoirs and rural slab butcheries for the domestic market.

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national self-sufficiency in fish farmers. The fish hatch- a fair contribution to the level poultry meat and eggs. There ery cultures only two fish of increase in grain production are 10 relatively large pro- species being the catfish and and the promotion of food ducers of poultry in Botswana the bream. security at the household and who are members of the Bots- national level. Despite this, wana Poultry Association Crop Production field crops, vegetables, and (BPA). There are also a large Botswana has cultivable fruits produced in Botswana number of small scale pro- land area of approximately are not sufficient to supply the ducers who supply the large 544,000 hectares, of which local market. Even in a good firms on a contract basis, as two thirds is utilised. Mostly production year, some 80% of well providing supply on gov- based on rain-fed system, crop the country’s total cereal con- ernment tender. The larger production is largely domi- sumption requirement is met producers, such as Tswana nated by small scale holdings. through imports. Dependent Pride, supply the out-growers Irrigated crop farming – about almost entirely on rainfall, the with inputs. However, the 3,000 ha – has so far proved production of cereal grains has commercial reality of econ- difficult to promote. Crop varied considerably between omies of scale means that production is hampered by 2008 and 2013, averaging smallholder chicken farmers traditional farming methods, 53,000 tonnes. only operate in a very periph- recurrent drought, erosion, eral place in the industry. To and disease, resulting in low During the 2013/2014 crop- address the issue, the gov- productivity. Furthermore, pro- ping season (October-June), ernment, through LIMID, is duction continues to experi- the government increased the

encouraging the establish- ence limits on its growth support package to farmers ment of co-operatives abat- posed by limited skills and through ISPAAD. Farmers toirs. The poultry industry in inadequate market access. received a subsidy of P800 per the country employs about hectare for agricultural inputs, 4,000 people. The principal crops for twice the previous level, with domestic use are sorghum, a maximum of 16 hectares Fish farming remains maize and millet. Smaller for subsistence farmers, while one of the agricultural sub- quantities of cowpeas, beans, emerging and commercial sector that is under utilised. and other pulses are also farmers were supported for up At present Botswana has no grown as well as vegetables to 150 and 500 hectares respec- significant aquaculture pro- and fruits. Marketing of agri- tively, but with a lower subsidy duction and is a net importer cultural products is handled rate. In addition, the horticul- of approximately 3,700 tonnes by the Botswana Agricultural ture sector was included in the of fish annually. Aquacul- Marketing Board (BAMB) ISPAAD programme, specif- ture activity is limited to a which guarantees a minimum ically supporting irrigation state hatchery at Mmadinare, price to producers. facilities, with the government which was initially designed contributing up to 40% of to produce 400,000 finger- Government assistance the installation costs. About lings annually but currently through ISPAAD, in form of 127,000 farmers cultivated produces 10,000 per annum seed and agricultural inputs nearly 417,000 hectares. As due to a lack of prospective supplies, has made since 2008 a result of the use of inputs

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as well as improved technol- and elsewhere. BMC plans to (MOA) oversees the sectors ogy and above average rain- process throughput of 212,000 of livestock, arable agricul- fall, the total crop harvest is heads in 2014. In the mean- ture, conservation and cooper- expected to reach a record high time, the government con- ative development, while the of 200,000 tonnes in 2014. tinues to combat FMD in the Department of Wildlife and northeastern part of the coun- National Parks in the Min- Economic Importance and try through vaccination cam- istry of Environment, Wildlife Performance of the Sector paigns while it has embarked and Tourism (MEWT) looks The agricultural sector’s on a country-wide rollout of after the fishery sub-sector. contribution to the GDP has become negligible but both crops and livestock production remains vital in the economy of rural communities as a source of income, employment as well as investment opportunities. The agricultural sector also contributes to food security and has forward linkages with non-farm sectors through agro-processing, meat processing, export as well as provision of raw materials to various industries. The value of output from the livestock sector is estimated at about 80% of the total value of the agricultural sector.

The beef sector is by far the primary agricultural export, accounting for about 1.5% of total merchandise exports. About 60% of cattle off-take is exported, mainly to the EU the ear tag implementation MOA has seven depart- and South Africa. However, the which involves ear tagging ments, one support division supply of animals for slaugh- all cattle. and five parastatal organi- ter for export is often con- sations under its umbrella. strained by recurrent droughts In spite of the direct gov- MOA’s mission is to develop and outbreaks of the Foot and ernment support, the dairy on a sustainable and compet- Mouth Disease resulting in industry continues to face itive basis the agricultural significant underutilisation many challenges, resulting sector by improving farm of processing facilities at in a severe reduction in local incomes, generating employ- BMC; a situation which was raw milk production. Conse- ment opportunities and raw dramatically worsened with quently, the country import materials for agriculture the loss of access to the lucra- more than 90% of the national businesses; and conserving tive EU market in February demand for fresh milk and agricultural natural resources 2011 due to traceability issues. most processed dairy products. through the promotion and With access to the EU restored To turn this around an inclu- adoption of appropriate tech- in July 2012 exports rebounded sive dairy development strat- nologies and management from US$68.3 million in 2012 egy has been adopted and practices. to US$117.5 million in 2013. will soon be implemented. In addition to its traditional For the past four years, beef markets Botswana is now Management MOA has been empower- seeking to secure additional of the sector ing Batswana by educating markets, with promising The responsibilities of them on agro-business and prospects in the Middle East the Ministry of Agriculture good methods of production,

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through the local media. It ductive environment for pro- tion targets. The introduction has been found that these ducers and conserve of agri- of the 10% Value Added Tax agricultural education pro- cultural land resources for (VAT) as a broad-based tax grams, together with the future generation. on consumption in 2002 was basic agriculture education another important develop- offered from primary to sec- The National Policy on ment with a direct bearing ondary school level, encour- Agriculture is currently under on agriculture. In an effort ages young Batswana to review. The need to review to support the agricultural actively participate in Agro- the policy comes from the sector, a number of agricul- businesses. In addition, the fact that since the launching tural products and farming Ministry of Education and of the first policy in 1991, a inputs were given special treat- Skills Development (MOESD) number of macro and sector ment, through either exemp- has included Agriculture in specific developments as well tion or zero rating. Still at a the learning curriculum, and as international conventions macro level, economy-wide made it compulsory for all and commitments, which schemes have extended sup- at primary and junior sec- have a bearing on agricul- port to agriculture through ondary schools. Botswana ture, have taken place. the provision of grants, low College of Agriculture (BCA), interest loans and support the country’s only agricul- At a macro level, Botswana services to the local industry tural institution, continues to adopted Vision 2016 as an needs of Small Medium and produce skilled agriculture overarching strategy for social Micro Enterprises encompass- science graduates, who then and economic development. ing training, market access add to the human resource One of the aspirations of facilitation, mentoring, busi- needs of Botswana. Vision 2016 is to eradicate ness plan finalisation as well

Government Policy absolute poverty by the year as facilitation and of technol- Botswana first formulated 2016. In addition, Botswana ogy adaptation and adop- a National Policy on Agricul- adopted a National Strategy tion. At a sectoral level, a tural Development in 1991. for Poverty Reduction (NSPR) number of production-level At the time, identified devel- in 2003, to allow for a coordi- programmes were targeted opment objectives aimed to nated approach to poverty at different agricultural sub improve food security, diver- reduction. Given the high sectors. Market level support sify production base, increase incidence of poverty in rural has involved grain and beef output and productivity, areas, agriculture has a role state trading, respectively, increase employment, and to play in contributing to the under the auspices of the provide a secure and pro- achievement of poverty reduc- Botswana Agricultural Mar-

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keting Board (BAMB) and • The Zambezi Agro-Com- The government is deter- the Botswana Meat Commis- mercial Project - 30,000 ha. mined to continue with its sion (BMC). Internationally • Facilitation of the establish- efforts to revitalize the sector and regionally, a number of ment of the Contributory Agri- but with more emphasis on initiatives are worth recog- cultural Insurance Scheme diversification, increasing nising in the policy devel- in Botswana (BCAIS). sector efficiency and boosting opment process. Among the • Facilitation of the establish- productivity, marketing and major ones are the Millen- ment of State Farms around value addition. nium Development Goals for major multi-purpose dams reducing hunger and poverty and sewage ponds (irrigation The recent completion of by half come 2015; the Dar- farming). two large dams along with es-salaam Declaration on • Restructuring of Botswana on-going irrigation projects Agriculture and Food Security Meat Commission. are expected to significantly which recognises the impor- • Review of the Beef Sub-Sector. boost water supply for agri- tance of the agricultural sector • The Pandamatenga Infra- cultural production. It is also in the Southern African Devel- structure Development Project. hoped that the successful opment Community (SADC) • Facilitation of Investors to completion of the new Foot region; the Maputo decla- promote Foreign Direct Invest- and Mouth Disease (FMD) ration which requires that ment and Joint Ventures in laboratory will enable the SADC members states allocate Agriculture. Botswana Vaccine Institute at least 10% of their national to increase its vaccines pro- budget to agriculture. Conclusion duction capacity, enhancing Agriculture in Botswana quality and competitiveness In view of all these devel- is challenged by various fac- of beef exports. opments, the government is tors such as erratic rainfall, currently finalising the review excessive heat, and poor soil Due to the experiences on of its Agricultural Policy, which condition. This is one of the EU suspending Botswana’s is intended to improve food chief reasons behind the inabil- beef in the past, the country security through diversification ity of agriculture industry in is now pursuing new access into non-traditional products, Botswana to meet the ade- to beef market in the Middle while promoting greater pro- quate amount of food supply. East. This move is expected ductivity and environmental Despite this, the agricultural to safeguard and diversify sustainability. sector continues to remain a Botswana’s beef market, fundamental source of income reducing heavy reliance on The Agricultural Hub for much of the population. EU market. ■ One of the initiatives to promote agricultural sector was the establishment of the Agricultural Hub in May 2008 as a catalyst for the greater commercialisation and diversification of the sector, as well as to improve food security. Its aim is to develop an environment that will encourage, facilitate and support a viable and economically sustainable agricultural sector, by spearheading production of quality agricultural products for local, national and international markets. Botswana is currently implementing several projects and initiatives which are intended to commercialise and diversify the sector. Among them are:

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Manufacturing: Adding value to domestic resources

Introduction backward and forward link- plays a respectable role in Although relatively small ages within the manufactur- the economy, contributing due to a limited domestic ing sector and between the handsomely to the country’s market, the manufacturing sector and rest of the economy; export earnings. The sector sector is seen as having a to ensure that industries are also provides employment great growth potential. competitive in the domestic for an estimated workforce and international markets; of over 36,000 people. The government has put to raise levels of technological more weight and efforts on capabilities; to create new Manufacturing output developing the manufacturing employment opportunities; grew by an annual average of sector as a way of improving to strengthen the SME sector 7% over the last ten years but diversification from mining, and put emphasis on sub- its contribution to the coun- producing an export stream regional collaboration. try’s GDP remained stagnant, and tackling widespread accounting for 5.2% of all the unemployment. Importance of the sector wealth produced in 2013. Botswana’s manufactur- The strategy involves ing sector is still small com- The need to develop a diver- financial support upon the pared to that of other countries. sified and robust manufac- setting up of new industries, It consists of a narrow range turing sector is therefore a key creation of a conducive envi- of activities, including dia- agenda in government efforts ronment for the promotion mond processing, food pro- to identify potential growth of private sector investment, cessing (predominantly beef), areas beyond the exploita- as well as special support for beverages, textile and gar- tion of its mineral wealth, citizens to engage in new ments, tannery and leather Opportunities presented by business ventures. products, metal products, the manufacturing sector building materials, cement, covers a wide array of sectors Government’s goals for furniture, chemicals, plastics, such as food and beverages, the industrial sector in the electrical products and recy- leather products, dairy, glass medium term are to optimize cling processing. products, textiles and gar- the exploitation of domestic ments, jewellery making, natural resources (beef, leather, Although the sector is metal and metal products minerals, etc…); to strengthen still in an infancy stage, it amongst others.

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Performance appears that the sector can- the major ones of economic Notwithstanding the fact not survive without plans to relevance are hides and skins. that the manufacturing sector sustain it, hence the approval The country currently exports remains the key to the coun- by the government of a new about 85% of hides/skins in try’s economic diversification short term assistance to sup- their raw form for a value of hopes, it grew by only 2% in port 34 textile companies, about US$10 million, sug- 2013, a reduced performance employing 2,900 workers. In gesting that the tanneries, compared to previous years. the meantime a new textile footwear and leather goods industry strategy to upgrade manufacturing sector has yet Export performance of the sub-sector is being finalised. to be developed. The plan to selected manufactured goods Over recent years, Govern- ment’s beneficiation strategy has led to the rapid growth of the diamond manufacturing sector, with 21 local diamond cutting and polishing factories now employing in excess of 3,800 people. The country exported US$783.6 million of polished diamonds in 2013 compared to US$706.6 million the previous year. Although Botswana is a relatively established a “Leather Park” it is still a small fraction of small exporter of meat and near Lobatse is however on total diamond exports, it is by meat products in the global course. The government has far Botswana’s single largest context but the sub-sector recently agreed to finance manufactured export. The is considered to be of strate- the park’s primary infrastruc- recent shift of De Beers’s dia- gic importance. Botswana’s ture, a Common Effluent mond aggregation and sales beef exports are highly con- Treatment Plant, while other from London to Gaborone centrated in the South Afri- components of the project will as well as the establishment can and European markets be financed through private of the Okavango Diamond which, together with Norway sector investment. The leather Company should attract more accounted for 97% of the coun- park is expected to create 5,000 players into this sub-sector try’s beef exports in 2013. jobs and stimulate second- and turn Botswana into a After having temporarily lost ary industries for accessories, major diamond process centre access to the lucrative EU mar- chemicals and component in the medium term. So far, ket for 19 months in 2011 - manufacturers. only one diamond manufac- 2012 because of traceability turer has set-up a jewellery issues Botswana’ beef sector Management making factory. bounced back in 2013. Exports of the sector of meat and meat products The sector is under the The textile and clothing increased from US$ 68.3 mil- responsibility of the Ministry sub-sector is a significant lion in 2012 to US$ 117.5 of Trade and Industry (MTI). industry in Botswana as it million in 2013. Botswana’s remains one of the largest sole exporter of lean beef, The Ministry has six depart- employers in the manufac- Botswana Meat Commission, ments and five parastatals turing sector. However, the is on a path of recovery but under its umbrella. The depart- textile industry has found it needs to modernise its facil- ments are; Department of increasingly difficult to com- ities and innovate. The sec- Trade and Consumer Affairs, pete with low cost producers tor’s production, processing Cooperative Development, from East Asia without being and export performance lags International Trade, Regis- subsidised. After the last gov- behind those of its competi- trar of Companies and Intel- ernment’s bailout plan elapsed tors such as Namibia and lectual Properties, Industrial in 2011, exports dropped from South Africa. Affairs and the Corporate US$264 million to US$81 Services. The parastatals or million in 2012 and US$43 Botswana generates var- semi-autonomous organi- million in 2013. At present it ious livestock by-products, but sations are Botswana Invest-

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ment and Trade Centre (BITC), • Achieving diversification • Identification of business Botswana Bureau of Stan- of the economy additional opportunities, carrying out dards (BOBS), Local Enter- to diamond mining. the necessary feasibility stu- prise Authority (LEA), Citizen dies and promoting them to Entrepreneurial Development The Policy on Small Medi- potential investors through Agency (CEDA), Botswana um and Micro Enterprises the Botswana Development Development Corporation (SMMEs) of 1999 also strives Corporation (BDC); (BDC) and the Competition to create an enabling environ- • Development of export Authority. ment for the establishment, capacity through the Bots- growth and development of wana Investment and Trade Industrial Policy such firms. Centre (BITC); The Industrial Develop- • Provision of factory shells ment Policy of 1998 focuses The Industrial Develop- for local and foreign investors on: ment policy and the Industrial through BDC and BITC; • Export oriented production; Development Act of 2006 are • Protection of infant indus- • Promotion of sectors with being reviewed to keep pace try utilising the infant indus- relative advantage, and locally with new developments and try clause within the SACU available resources for domes- improve further the environ- agreement; and tic and export production; ment for potential investors. • Duty exemption and draw- • Setting up of down stream back schemes for industrial and component industries Industrial Policy inputs for the export sector. through value chain pro- Instruments cessing; In order to provide the Institutional Support for • Facilitate creation of service necessary environment for Enterprise Development and small scale manufac- industrial development, the Citizen Entrepreneurial turing to support the compet- government has adopted a Development Agency (CEDA) itive export sector. number of policy measures The Citizen Entrepre- in the form of grant schemes; neurial Development Agency The policy has the fol- tax measures; training, men- (CEDA) was established by lowing objectives: toring and advisory services the Government in 2001 to • Job creation to cater for the through development support provide financial and tech- increasing number of young institutions; and others, as nical support for business Batswana; outlined below: development with a view to • Raising skill levels of Bats- • A lower company tax regime the promotion of viable and wana to cater for the require- (15%) for manufacturing sustainable citizen owned busi- ments of industry (in the enterprises as a way of diver- ness enterprises. The Agency broader sense); sifying productive activities addresses the need for coherent away from the dominant and holistic support for the diamond industry; development of small, medium • Provision of incentives to and large scale enterprises deliberately grow local entre- through the soft window and preneurs through schemes package offered through the such as Citizens Entrepreneur- subsidiaries. CEDA offers fund- ial Development Authority ing for capital expenditure, (CEDA) (providing subsidised stock or working capital in funding), local procurement new and existing business scheme (preferences to local ventures. It also offers train- producers for supplies to public ing and mentoring for new institutions), Local Enterprise and seasoned entrepreneurs Agency (LEA) (business train- and business advisory services • Increasing the level of value ing, advice and other enter- to entrepreneurs in various addition in the economy; prise development support) skills as identified through • Economic empowerment and; reserved sectors policy the needs assessment that of citizens; (to reduce competition from is conducted during project • Promoting distribution of external investors in what monitoring. To date, CEDA industrial activities to rural are considered easy invest- has funded 5,462 enterprises areas; ment areas); with a total value of nearly

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P8.5 billion, in the process local and foreign investors acquisition, factory shells, creating some 49,000 jobs. in the establishment and utility connections, and work development of commercially and residence permits for The Local Enterprise viable businesses in Botswana. essential staff. Requests by Authority (LEA) The corporation supports proj- investors for investor support The Small Business Act ects that; use locally avail- from BITC are evaluated based established LEA by amalga- able resources, produce prod- on the extent to which the pro- mating and consolidating ucts for export or to substitute posed project assists in the the business skills training, imports and foster linkages government’s diversification efforts, contributes to the growth of priority sectors, and provides employment and training to Botswana citizens.

BDC factory shells currently host 35 companies dealing with manufacturing activities such as chemicals, packaging, furniture, electrical wiring, diamond cutting and polishing.

During the 2013/2014 financial year, BITC helped realise a total combined invest- management and technical with the local industry. In ment capital of just over P1 support services which gov- fulfilling its mandate, BDC billion, of which P 642 mil- ernment provided through holds shares in new industrial lion came from foreign direct the Small Business Promo- ventures of a significant size investments (FDI) and P449 tion Agency (SBPA) and Enter- and importance and offers million came from new domes- prise Botswana (EB) in order cash flow finance as well as tic investments. to provide such support serv- other loans and rentals on ices in a consolidated manner favourable conditions. Other business support under one organisation. LEA organisations provides development and By January 2014, BDC’s • The Botswana Bureau of support services to the local exposure in the manufactur- Standards (BOBS) exists to industry needs of SMMEs, ing sector stood at P650 mil- support local manufactures encompassing training, men- lion made up of investments to produce high quality prod- toring, business plan finali- in a portfolio of companies ucts ready for export. BOBS sation, market access facili- which are involved in a wide services to the industry include tation, and facilitation of spectrum of activities that certification, training in qual- technology adaptation and include construction, food and ity assurance practices and adoption. Since its establish- beverages, furniture, leather, calibration of test and inspec- ment in 2007 LEA has assisted food cans and steel pipes. tion equipment. and trained 9,317 entrepre- • The Botswana Export Credit neurs in various courses such Botswana Investment and Insurance and Guarantee as financial management, Trade Centre (BITC) Company (BECI) provides sales and marketing, customer The Botswana Invest- short-term export credit insur- care and business planning. ment and Trade Centre (BITC) ance for exporters. The compa- provides assistance to local ny also continuously updates Botswana Development and foreign investors. BITC is clients with credit informa- Corporation (BDC) responsible for promoting tion to assist them in making Established in 1970, BDC foreign direct investment, business decisions. is the country’s main govern- investor aftercare, and the pro- • The Human Resource Devel- ment-owned agency for com- motion of locally-manufac- opment Council (HRDC) and mercial and industrial devel- tured goods in export markets. the Botswana Qualification opment. BDC’s mandate is to It also assists investors with Authority (BQA), oversee voca- provide assistance to assist both company registration, land tional training and provide

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quality assurance, accredita- end, the government has culture in Tuli Block, integrated tion, policy advice, monitoring introduced preference margins coal power in Palapye and and evaluation within the to give local manufacturers mining supply in Francistown. National Vocational Quali- and service providers a com- The drafting of a Bill which fications Framework. petitive advantage when bid- will provide the legal frame- • The Botswana Institute ding for government tenders. work for the establishment of for Technology Research and As of today, over 1,000 enter- Special Economic Zones and Innovation (BITRI) focuses on prises are registered under the Special Economic Zone developing prototype prod- the EDD Programme and Authority is being finalised. ucts and production processes about 50% of public pur- that could be commercialised chases are now channeled to Challenges by the local private sector. Botswana based businesses • Small market size. • The Botswana Confeder- (P2.3 billion in the 2013/ • Lack of direct shipping of ation of Commerce Industry 2014 financial year). locally manufactured goods and Manpower (BOCCIM) to the international markets. represents the interests of the To further encourage • Intense competition from private sector, offering rela- domestic procurement, a manufactured goods from tions assistance and providing databank of local companies, Asia. management counseling. incorporating their products • Capacity constraints in terms Over 2,000 enterprises are and production capacities, is of infrastructure. registered with BOCCIM. accessible online. This register • Mismatch between skills • The Botswana Export and is being continuously updated development and actual Manufacturing Association for the benefit of local and requirements. (BEMA) provides specialised foreign businesses, as well as • Lack of entrepreneurial export services to its members public procurers. culture. by identifying foreign mar- • Poor workplace produc- kets for local products. BEMA But, preferential purchas- tivity which results in high aims at assisting its members ing is only one aspect of the cost of production. to be more competitive both EDD strategy, which envis- in local and international ages diversification through markets. The Association also the nurturing of competitive provides exporters with rep- enterprises that will eventu- resentation to government ally need little or no govern- on issues of concern to its ment support. Emphasis will members. soon shift to developing • The Business Place (TBP) is greater internal capacity for an enterprise service centre sup- export-led growth, while con- ported by local stakeholders tinuing to value local goods - private and government and services. sectors. TBP offers business skills training specialising in SEZ’s Development entrepreneurship. In August 2011, the parliament approved the Special Conclusion Economic Diversification Economic Zones Policy, which The manufacturing sector Drive (EDD) provides for the creation of holds the key to Botswana’s In the quest to achieve investor-friendly business economic growth given the economic diversification, the enclaves. Government is now desire to diversify from mining government has embarked on committed, as a matter of to other sectors. Although the Economic Diversification urgency, to the realisation of small by size, there is every Drive (EDD) in 2011. Since its these Special Economic Zones reason to believe that with inception, the EDD has lever- on the ground. The areas being proper policies and investment aged the government’s pur- considered for SEZ’s devel- incentives in place, manufac- chasing power to stimulate opment are financial services turing sector is a growth area. local production and con- in Gaborone, multi use near ■ sumption by procuring from the Sir Seretse Khama Inter- locally based manufacturers national Airport, beef, leather and service providers. To that and bio gas in Lobatse, horti-

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BOTSWANA

Financial Services: Broadening access

Introduction sound microfinance institu- of response of deposit and Even though the sector is tions to support the develop- interest rates in relevance to considered to be small by the ment of small-and medium- monetary policy changes. international standards, the sized enterprises. financial services industry is Consistent with the global an increasingly important Like in many countries economic recovery in 2010, segment of the economy, Botswana’s economy experi- the Botswana financial sec- both in its own right and in enced recession in 2009, but tor rebounded to the positive terms of the supporting role the financial sector proved pre-crisis levels and con- it plays in the development resilient to the global finan- tinued to perform relatively of other sectors. Botswana’s cial crisis because of the robust well in the last three years financial sector is also one of supervisory standards set down despite the challenging trad- the most advanced in sub- by the Bank of Botswana and ing conditions. Saharan Africa and is char- the sound structure of the acterised by a high level of banks’ balance sheets. No Performance foreign participation. An bailouts were required. Dur- of the sector array of financial institutions ing this period the Bank of The financial sector recorded populates the country’s finan- Botswana focused on improv- impressive performance in cial system, with commercial ing the operation and imple- the last two decades. Over the banks and pension funds mentation of money markets. period from 1993 to 2013, the being the two most important Lending interests dropped, and financial sector recorded a segments by asset size. In Bank of Botswana engaged 15% average annual increase addition, the country has a commercial banks in ensur- in banking assets, a 17% aver- stock exchange as well as ing an adequate magnitude age annual increase in loans

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BOTSWANA

and advances by commer- the regulation and super- Barclays Bank, Standard cial banks and a 23% aver- vision of commercial banks, Chartered Bank, Stanbic age annual increase in the statutory banks and bureau Bank, First National Bank of market capitalisation of the de change in the country. Botswana, Bank Gaborone, Botswana Stock Exchange. Capital Bank, BancABC, Bank In 2013, the sector decelerated The Non-Bank Finan- of Baroda, Bank of India and and grew by 5% compared cial Institutions Regulatory State Bank of India. Commer- to 20.7% the previous year. Authority (NBFIRA), which cial banks offer a full range The contribution of the finan- started its operations in April of retail banking products cial sector to GDP was 4.9%. 2008, is responsible for regu- and services, such as current lating all non-banking finan- and savings accounts, loans, Structure and cial entities registered in credit and debit cards, and Management of the Botswana including those lines of credit to individuals Financial Sector engaged in asset manage- and businesses. Most commer- The financial sector in ment, micro-lending, pension cial banks also sell certain Botswana is divided in two and provident funds, securi- investments and many offer major divisions, the banking ties exchange, insurance and full brokerage and financial industry which is highly regu- collective investment under- planning services. Four large lated by the Bank of Botswana takings. NBFIRA safeguards banks still dominate the mar- (BOB) and the non-banking the stability, fairness and ket, although the relative sector, regulated by the Non- efficiency of the non-banking share of smaller banks has Banking Financial Regulatory financial sector, and ensures lately improved to approxi- Authority (NBFIRA). that regulation is in line with mately 20% for both deposits international best practice. and lending. Botswana’s central bank, the Bank of Botswana, acts Banking Sector Overall, they are well cap- as banker and financial advi- Commercial Banks italised and liquid, with all sor to the government and The Botswana banking banks reporting solvency and is responsible for the manage- sector is well developed with liquidity ratios in excess of the ment of the country’s foreign clear trend towards greater minimum statutory and pru- exchange reserves, the admin- competition. Currently, there dential adequacy requirements. istration of monetary and are 10 licensed commercial exchange rate policies and banks in the country; namely By December 2013, commercial banks’ market share of total banking industry assets, deposits and loans was at 91%, 96% and 89%, respectively. Their assets increased marginally by 3.5% from P58 billion in 2012 to P60 billion in 2013 while their income and pre-tax profits increased by 9.3% and 2.9%, respectively. Customer deposits, which remained the major source of funding, increased by 3% from P47.2 billion in 2011 to P48.6 billion in 2013 while total loans and advances increased by 14.8% to P39.5 billion due to by the low interest rate environment. Lend- ing to the household sector constituted 58% of total loans although households accounted for only 24% of deposits. The intermediation

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO A NEW PAN-AFRICAN LEADER Servicing all your Risk and Insurance needs • Business • Plant All Risks • Liabilities • Property • Marine • Agriculture • Engineering • Schools • Transportation • Motor

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efforts of banks continued to tificates (BoBCs). However, the Commercial banks con- increase, particularly against proportion of non-performing tinue to increase outreach the backdrop of reduced yields loans increased from 2.6% as evidenced by growth in from Bank of Botswana Cer- in 2012 to 3.6% in 2013. the branch network and the introduction of new chan- Industry Growth Rates of nels of service delivery. As of Deposits, Total Assets, Loans and Advances December 2013, there were 115 branches countrywide and 30 390 ATM. As part of improving service delivery, more banks 25 have introduced mobile phone and internet-based banking and services such as utility 20 bill payments and electronic payments via credit and debit 15 cards. New products such as salary advances and Small Percent 10 Medium and Micro Enter- prises (SMMEs) quick loans 5 were also launched. The successful introduction of mobile 0 money services has enhanced financial inclusion, including -5 access to financial services 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 by the unbanked population. Year ending December Assets Advances Deposits Statutory Banks These banks do not require banking licences and they fall under the control of the Financial Sector Deepening Minister of Finance and Devel- opment Planning. However, 90 through the Banking Act, BOB has powers to supervise 80 statutory banks. There are 3 70 statutory banks in Botswana namely; Botswana Savings 60 Bank (BSB), Botswana Build- ing Society (BBS) and the 50 National Development Bank

Percent 40 (NDB). The market share of statutory banks is small rela- 30 tive to the size of the banking 20 industry. Despite improvements in the financial condi- 10 tion and operations of statutory banks over the years, 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 their market shares in the Year ending December banking sector were only 9%, M2 to GDP 4% and 11% of the total industry assets, deposits and Banking Assets to GDP loans, respectively in 2013. Banking Credit to GDP Source: Bank Deposits to GDP BoB Banking Other Bank Supervision Cash to M2 There are one offshore Annual Report Private Sector Credit to GDP bank under the umbrella of 2013. the Botswana Investment and

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Trade Centre (BITC), formerly Companies Index (FCI) with ber 2013. In order to provide known as IFSC. Kingdom 12 dual listed companies a benchmark for fund man- Bank Africa Ltd (KBAL) is an depreciated by 1.0% to close agers to evaluate the perform- offshore investment bank. It 2013 at 1, 583.5 points com- ance of their bond portfolios, can provide services only for pared to a depreciation of BSE launched 3 bond indices non-resident clients in cur- 6.1% the previous year. A in April 2013. rencies other than pula. KBAL total of 710.5 million shares has a subsidiary, Kingdom changed hands in 2013 com- Trading of Exchange Trade Finance, engaged in debt fac- pared to 409.9 million in Funds (EFTs) – a basket of toring and trade financing 2012, generating a turnover shares that trade as a single in the Botswana market. of P2.3 billion thanks to the security – was introduced in upgrade of the Automated July 2010 in order to boost Non-Bank Trading Systems (ATS). By the liquidity on the BSE. After Financial Sector end of 2013, there were more having performed well in 2011 Capital Markets than 20,000 Central Securities and 2012 both the NewGold The Botswana Stock Ex- Depository accounts opened and the BettaBeta ETFs have change (BSE) is Botswana’s with 59.3% of all domestic shown an downward trend national stock exchange given company shares and 78.0% in price. In 2013, the price of the responsibility to operate of all foreign company shares the BettaBeta ETF depreciated and regulate the equity and being dematerialised. by 5.6% on the BSE while the the fixed interest security markets. The BSE is pivotal to Botswana’s financial system, and in particular the capital market, as an avenue on which government, quasi- govern- ment and the private sector raise debt and equity capital. However, the BSE remains illiquid and relatively small, with domestic market capitalisation estimated at 33% of GDP. Currently Botswana invests about half of its savings, mainly pension funds in international capital markets, due to lack of investment opportunities in the domestic market. Like the equity market, NewGold EFT depreciated by Market capitalisation for the debt market is small but 17.2%. The NewPlat EFT was domestic listed companies on has been growing steadily in listed in August 2014. the BSE is reported to have recent years. By December grown from P13.4 billion 2013, a total of 35 bonds were The BSE has a Bond Market by the end of 2005 to P43.5 traded on the BSE. However, Development Programme and billion by the end of 2013. the debt market faces a num- is developing new products Similarly, market capitalisa- ber of problems. Liquidity is such as securitised products tion for foreign listed compa- low for government bonds and derivatives. In order to nies grew from P301.1 billion and almost non-existent for modernise the legal and by the end of 2005 to P373.1 non-government bonds. As a regulatory structure for the billion by the end of 2013. result the yield curve is insen- market a new Securities Bill sitive to changing market con- is expected to be presented The BSE’s Domestic Com- ditions, and price formation to Parliament in due course. pany Index (DCI) which com- is mainly dependent upon prises of 23 companies grew primary auctions. Botswana’s There are currently four by 20.5% in 2013 compared bond market capitalisation stock broking companies in to 7.7% in 2012. The Foreign reached P9.3 billion in Decem- the country.

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Insurance and compared to the previous year. three companies with an Pension Fund Sector Pension funds are, however, aggregated market share of The growth of contrac- constrained by limited domes- 60%. Property insurance is tual savings schemes such as tic investment opportunities the largest category, followed pension funds and life assur- leading to about 58% of its by motor insurance and lia- ance has been an important financial resources being bility insurance. development in Botswana’s invested offshore. financial system over the As of October 2014, there past ten years. Contractual A closely related type of were also 3 reinsurers, 45 bro- savings funds have grown to contractual savings is life kers and 175 corporate agents. become the largest recipient assurance. As at October Nine medical aid societies of household financial savings 2014, there were 8 life insurers covering about 340,000 peo- in the country. By their nature, in Botswana. The combined ple complement the health they deal with long-term sav- assets of the life insurers was insurance segment. ings and provide a source of last reported at P18.7 billion long term capital to finance in 2012. Over the period from Asset management investment. 2010 to 2014, gross written institutions premiums in the life insur- A growing number of fund Among the most impor- ance industry increased by managers and administrators, tant form of contractual sav- 16% per year on average. both local and international, ings are pension funds. The According to NBFIRA, gross are active in Botswana. They establishment of the Botswana written premiums totaled provide comprehensive invest- Public Officers’ Pension Fund P2.5 billion in 2012 compared ment management services and defined contribution to P2.1 billion the previous across all major asset classes schemes by the government year. Botswana Life Insurance to institutional investors. Some of them also offer alternative investment instrument to retail customers through unit trusts. Combined assets held by asset managers and management companies amounted approximately P55 billion as of March 2013.

Non-bank lenders The non-bank lending sector is divided into statutory financial institutions and private credit institutions.

The statutory institutions include the National Devel- opment Bank (NDB), the of Botswana and several Limited is the leading life Botswana Development Cor- employers in the private sec- insurer in the country with a poration (BDC), and the Citi- tor has boosted the pension market share of about 75%. zen Entrepreneurial Develop- fund industry. As of March ment Agency (CEDA), each 2013, there were 95 stand The general insurance established under dedicated alone pension funds registered sector is smaller and accounts legislation. in Botswana, plus 5 umbrella for about 30% of the total funds with a total member- insurance premiums gener- NDB, established in 1963, ship participation of 166,500 ated by the insurance indus- provides financial services to (about 38% of the formal try. There are currently 12 businesses and entrepreneurs sector). Pension fund assets insurers licensed to underwrite in the agriculture, commerce, totalled P58.6 billion as of general insurance business tourism, manufacturing and December 31, 2013, repre- in the country. The non-life real estate sectors. It has senting a growth of 23.6% segment is dominated by recently introduced a range

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of retail products such as mortgages and unsecured personal loans, thus moving beyond its traditional focus on business lending.

BDC is the principal development finance institution in Botswana, and was established in 1970 as the main agency for the financing of commercial and industrial development. It can provide equity participation, loan tutions in Botswana such as banking sector lately, with financing, guarantees, and the Letshego Financial Services, increase in lending to the provision of factories or office Bayport Financial Services, Peo business sector, enhanced space or commercial land. Micro and Blue Financial serv- competition, innovations in ices that primarily engage in product and service delivery, CEDA was formed in 2001 consumer lending against the and greater choices for cus- to provide subsidised credit security of payroll deductions. tomers, especially savers, both to SMEs along with training within and outside of the and mentoring services. It Conclusion banking sector. is restricted to fully citizen- As the financial sector owned enterprises. CEDA also has grown in importance, The coming years hold has a Venture Capital Fund scrutiny of the sector has considerable challenges for which provides assistance to become more intense. In the the banking sector, as well as larger businesses, and which process, concerns have been for policy makers who deter- can also assist joint ventures raised regarding the activities mine aspects of the envi- between citizens and foreign of the banking sector and its ronment in which the sector investors. It also has a Credit wider economic role, with operates. Banks will be look- Guarantee Fund that pro- perceived shortcomings such ing for sources of growth and vides partial guarantees for as a focus on lending to house- to maintain the high profit commercial bank loans to holds rather than businesses, rates that they have become SMEs, and a dedicated Young high levels of bank charges accustomed to, while compe- Farmers Fund, which was and spreads between deposit tition intensifies and techno- established to provide easy and lending rates, reliance logical changes impact on access to capital by young on Bank of Botswana Certifi- the way that banking opera- people to engage in sustain- cates (BoBCs) for assets and tions are carried out. ■ able primary agricultural income, and reluctance to projects. extend banking services to some areas of the country Private credit institutions and the population. There are are micro-lenders that fund also perceptions of a lack of their activities out of equity competition, poor service and funds or loans. Because they a lack of innovation. While are not deposit-taking enti- some of these concerns are ties, they are not subject to real, others are misplaced, and the Banking Act. There are a there have been important number of formal credit insti- positive developments in the

as of 31st September 2013 2014 Reserves of Foreign Exchange (US$ in billion) 7,84 8,70 Inflation, average consumer prices (% change) 5,00 4,50 Central Bank discount rate (%) 8,00 7,50 Commercial bank prime lending rate (%) 9,50 9,00 Source: BoB

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GGOO TOTO ANAN EENABLING BUSINESSNABLING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

We take pride in the strength of our well regulated, transparent and investor friendllyy business environment. Botswana aims to work with you to meet your investment needs as you go further with your investment.

Botswana Investment and Trade Centre now offers investors the following business facilitation services;

- Company and Business Registration - A llocation of BITC factory space - Trade and Business license Applications (subject to availability) - Entry visas, work and residence permits - E nvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Compliance - Work Permit Exemptions - Pr ovision of information on the - C onnection of utilities e.g. Power, Botswana business climate, regulatory telecommunications and water regime and investment opportunities - I ncome tax and VAATTregistration - A ccess to Industrial and commercial land

These services are available to domestic and international investors that meet our eligibility criteria and investment thresholds.

Speak to BotswanaBotswana InInvestmentvestment and TTraderade CCentreentre (BIT(BITC)C)

BotswanaBotswana South AfricaAf Africa United Kingdom India Private Bag 00445, 88 Sandown Mews – West Wing 6 Stratford Place 43 Maker Chamber VI Gaborone, Botswana Stellar Street W1C 1AY Nariman Point Plot 54351, off PG Matante Road Sandton, Johannesburg London Mumbai-400 021 Exponential Building T +27 11 884 8959 United Kingdom India Central Business District (CBD) F +27 11 883 7798 T +44 207 499 0031 T +91 22 4360 2100 Gaborone, Botswana F +44 207 491 8528 F +91 22 4360 2111 T +267 363 3300 F +267 318 1941 visit us atat www.bitc.co.bwwww.bitc.co.bw BOTSWANA

Investment: Go Botswana

Introduction have been put in place with – which are intended to further For many years the Gov- a view to make Botswana one improve Botswana’s invest- ernment of Botswana has of the best destinations to ment climate. provided a conducive envi- consider for investment. ronment for private sector The Botswana Investment investment with a view to In an endeavour to have Trade Centre (BITC) operates cultivate private sector par- access to a highly competitive as a ‘one stop centre’ for all ticipation in economic diver- global market for investors, local and foreign investors sification and growth. the government of Botswana so as to expedite facilitation through Ministry of Trade and of investment. The broad policy frame- Industry continues to pursue work focuses on establishing its mandate by formulating conditions that support invest- strategies that gives the coun- ment across a range of eco- try a competitive advantage Why Botswana nomic activities. This involves over its rivals. A National enhancing the overall invest- Trade Policy was enacted ment climate, improving by Parliament in 2009. The Stability and low competitiveness and produc- underlying principle of the business risks tivity, and boosting institu- policy is geared towards Botswana is a shining tional efficiency. The policy achievement of export diver- example of stability in South- framework also envisages a sification, economic diversi- ern Africa, maintaining a central role for Foreign Direct fication, free market, global stable society record since Investment (FDI), at the same competitiveness, private sec- independence in 1966, with time as strengthening the tor growth, citizen economic regular multi-party democratic ability of citizens to partic- empowerment and poverty elections. According to the ipate fully in the economy. reduction among other goals. United Nations, “Botswana’s greatest assets are peace, law In this regard, some ini- Furthermore, the govern- & order, disciplined fiscal and tiatives like National Export ment of Botswana stepped monetary policies, and capa- Strategy, Private Sector Devel- up its activities on diversifi- ble public institutions”. This opment Strategy, Companies cation through the estab- fact has been also confirmed Act, Competition Act, Bots- lishment of six sector clusters by annual assessments car- wana Investment Strategy, called hubs – Agriculture, ried out by the credit rating Brand Botswana, and many Innovation, Diamond, Edu- agencies, Moody’s and Stan- more regulatory frameworks cation, Health and Transport dard and Poor’s (S&P), since

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Head Office P/Bag 00392 Gaborone, Botswana BNPC PROGRAMMES ACCREDITED BY Plot 21222, Giraffe Road BOTSWANA QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY (BQA): Tel: (267) 3626300 Fax: (267) 3913501, 3906390 SERVICE QUALITY E-mail: [email protected] • Effective Customer Service • Telephone Etiquette • Leading Organisations Towards Customer Focus Francistown Office • Feelings P/Bag 00392 P/Bag T2 • Leading Empowered Teams for Service Quality Tatitown, Botswana Plot 9597, Off Thapama Traffic Circle INDUSTRIAL HOUSEKEEPING • Improving Productivity for Competitiveness Bank of Botswana Building (1st Floor) • Kaizen and 5S Tel: (267) 2415808 / 500 Fax: (267) 2416101 PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY AWARENESS CREATION E-mail: [email protected] • Enrolling organizations into Excellence

ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT • Introduction to Strategic Planning • Balanced Scorecard • Facilitation Skills • Supervisory Development Programme BNPC was certified ISO BNPC is BQA registered 9001-2008 compliant by BVQI • Professional and Self Management on 07/12/2009 Certificate • Quality Management Systems (ISO 9001 Emphasis) Number: IND95109 • Project Management • Change Management • Building High Empowered Teams • Smart Work Ethics • Labour Management Relations (LMR)

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2001. In 2014, both agencies Easy to start and than the better-known “tiger” maintained Botswana sover- operate business economies of South East Asia. eign credit ratings of A2 and The World Bank’s 2014 This prolonged growth took A-, respectively, with stable Ease of Doing Business survey Botswana from being one of outlook, the highest on the ranked Botswana 56th out of the poorest countries in the African continent. 189 countries and fourth in world in 1966 to middle- sub-Saharan Africa behind income status by the 1990s. In 2014, the Ibrahim Mauritius, Rwanda and South Per capita income at purchas- Index of African Governance, Africa. Over the years, Bots- ing power parity was esti- which measures the quality wana has made continuous mated at US$16,105 in 2013 of governance in sub-Saharan improvements in an effort to (World Bank), the third highest Africa’s 52 states – on the create an enabling environ- in mainland sub-Saharan basis of safety and security, ment for business prosperity Africa behind Equatorial rule of law, transparency and and economic growth. There Guinea and Gabon. corruption, participation and are no restrictions on invest- human rights, sustainable ment ownership. Companies Real GDP grew at an aver- economic opportunity, and starting business in Botswana age rate of around 5.4% from human development – ranked can enjoy packaged investor 2003 to 2008 but shrunk by Botswana as the third best. solutions from governmental 7.8% in 2009 due to the global Botswana’s overall score was investment agencies such as economic downturn and the 76.2, after Mauritius and Botswana Investment and resulted fall in diamond Cabo Verde. To this extent, Trade Centre (BITC), Botswana demand. Nonetheless, the Botswana is amongst the top Development Corporation economy rebounded by 8.6% performers on the African (BDC) and Botswana Inno- in 2010 and expanded by continent. The Ibrahim Index vation Hub (BIH); and enjoy 6.2%, 4.3% and 5.9% in of African Governance is the benefits of several schemes. 2011, 2012 and 2013 respec- regarded as the world’s most Botswana has investor-friendly tively. During the first half comprehensive ranking of business reforms. of 2014, the economy grew African governance. by 5.2% on an annual basis. Business opportunities from Over the medium term, real Botswana is also consis- economic growth GDP growth is expected to sta- tently ranked by international Over the thirty years bilise at around 4% accord- organisations as among the between independence in ing to the IMF. freest economies in sub- 1966 and the mid-1990s, Saharan Africa. The Heritage Botswana was the fastest- To maintain the economic Foundation’s 2014 Index of growing economy in the world, growth, the Botswana gov- Economic Freedom ranked with average annual GDP ernment has implemented a Botswana 2nd out of 46 coun- growth rates of over 10%, faster well planned policy of eco- tries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, and its overall score Annual GDP Growth Constant 2006 Prices – 27th – is well above the regional and world averages. Transparency International 30% ranked Botswana in 2013 as 20% Africa’s least corrupt country 10% and 30th overall, ahead of many European and Asian 0% countries. Botswana was also -10% th highly ranked – 39 – by the -20%

World Economic Forum in -30% the Global Competitiveness -40% Report 2014 noted for its relatively reliable and transparent -50% institutions, efficient govern- 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ment spending, strong public GDP Mining Non-Mining interest in politicians and Private Sector low levels of corruption. Source: Econsult

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nomic diversification. Thus, Inflation & Forecast initiatives such as the estab-

lishment of Botswana Hubs 16% are geared towards diversi- 14% fying the country’s economy. The non-mineral GDP growth 12% rate for the next two years 10% is expected to be around 6%. 8% Activities that are seen as 6% potential candidates for such growth include financial and 4% business services, tourism, as 2% well as manufacturing and 0% agricultural activities. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

It is also recognised that Actual Forecast BoB Target diversification within the Source: Econsult mining sector is an important Trading Company (DTC) to 7.5% since December 2013. part of the broader diversi- from London to Gaborone; Should Botswana achieve its fication process, as new and the establishment of various objective of keeping inflation expanded mining activities diamond marketing channels within the objective range of help to supplement diamond outside of the DTC by both 3-6% on a prolonged basis, mining. Recent attention has new diamond mining com- interest rates could be reduced been focused on Botswana’s panies and the government; further. large coal resources, which and the government’s deci- could be exploited further to sion to reserve a proportion Access to Education help the gap that will be left of Botswana’s diamonds for and Labour by reduced diamond output local processing. Government has invested in the future. a lot of resources in the devel- Low Inflation opment and growth of the While encouraging invest- and Interest Rates education system in line with ment in non-diamond sectors, Botswana has enjoyed a the country’s Vision 2016 Botswana is also transform- relatively low inflation rate pillar of ‘An Educated and ing itself into a diamond hub climate for the last two years. Informed Nation’. Education with a focus on downstream Headline inflation further is free up to tertiary level and activities, including cutting, eased from 5.0% in September today public education in polishing and trading of rough 2013 to 4.5% in September Botswana is considered to be stones following the reloca- 2014. The Bank of Botswana comparable to international tion of De Beers’ Diamond has maintained the Bank rate standards. Literacy rate in Botswana is estimated at 84%, Sectoral Growth 2014 which is above most SADC countries. The medium of instruction at schools and ter- Mining tiary institutions is English. Trade etc. Soc. & Pers. Serv Botswana continues to Total VA invest heavily in education Government and all secondary schools are Fin. & Bus. Serv equipped with ICT facilities. The first university, Univer- Transport & Comm. sity of Botswana, recently Construction undergone expansion with Manufacturing the introduction of a medical Agriculture school and related hospital and the second one, Botswana 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% Year on Year Growth University of Science and Tech- Source: Econsult nology has been established

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in Palapye, 273 km north of well regulated commercial and International Centre for Gaborone. Government is banking system. Settlement of Investment also investing in attracting Disputes (ICSID). educational institutions of Capital can be moved with- repute from all over the world. out restriction in Botswana. The Botswana Export There are no foreign exchange Credit Insurance and Guaran- Employment in Botswana controls and profit, dividends tee Ltd. (BECI) allows investors is guarded by the Employ- and capital can be readily to purchase coverage against ment Act and although there repatriated. Investors have non-payment by foreign buy- is no quota reserved for locals, access to Botswana’s expand- ers resulting from commer- companies are encouraged ing Double Taxation Treaty cial and political risks. to hire qualified Botswana network, currently compris- citizens. The government ing South Africa, Zimbabwe, Low Corporate Tax offers training incentives to Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Corporate tax rates in companies that train citizen Namibia, Mauritius, Sey- Botswana are the lowest in employees. Botswana also chelles, UK, Sweden, France, the sub-region at 15% for spe- enjoys good labour relations, Ireland, China, India, Russia cific sectors, such as manu- including a good relationship and Barbados. facturing (for approved com- with the trade unions, and panies), as well as offshore can offer an educated English Investment Guarantees financial services and busi- speaking labour force which and Investment Insurance ness process outsourcing for is readily trainable and at Programmes export, and at 22% for other competitive wage rates. Investments in Botswana companies. In special cases are guaranteed against nation- companies can negotiate for A liberal Financial alisation and expropriation. a tax holiday under a Special Environment and Botswana is a signatory of Tax Agreement. free flow of capital several multilateral and bilat- The country has a thriv- eral agreements on protec- The personal income tax ing domestic financial sector, tion and promotion of foreign system regime is based on which includes banks, insur- investment. Besides being a taxable income brackets, with ance companies and a grow- signatory to international a top marginal rate of 25%. ing stock market. The country agreements and other mem- VAT is at a low rate of 12% has one of the highest foreign berships, Botswana is a mem- on standard rated supplies exchange reserves among ber of Multilateral Investment while some supplies are zero- the developing world and a Guarantee Agency (MIGA) rated and others are exempted.

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A Hub for improve efficiency and effec- there were 47 projects in the international trade tiveness of service delivery, the pipeline to bring investment Botswana enjoys good Botswana Export Develop- estimated at P4.7 billion and market access not only in ment and Investment Author- create 4,075 jobs as of 31st the sub-region but also to ity (BEDIA) merged with the December, 2013. US and EU: International Financial Serv- • Duty and quota free access ices Centre (IFSC) in 2012 to The latest UNCTAD’s World to a market of more than 50 become the Botswana Invest- Investment report shows that million consumers through ment and Trade Centre (BITC). FDI inflows in Botswana grew the Southern African Cus- by 27% to US$188 million in toms Union (SACU), com- The two entities in the 2013 compared to US$147 prising Botswana, South past have considerably con- million the previous year. Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland tributed to the improvement and Namibia. of Botswana’s Investment Latest developments • Duty free entry to Malawi climate with IFSC having Botswana’s position as a and Zimbabwe through bilat- attracted a cumulative P13 new diamond trading hub eral agreements. billion worth of FDI while will not only increase the • Preferential access to more BEDIA facilitated P3.6 billion value of diamonds traded in than 230 million consumers worth of investment. Botswana but will also create in the Southern African Devel- investment opportunities in opment Community (SADC) BITC as a third generation many sectors such as bank- market under the SADC Free Investment and Trade Promo- ing, security, hospitality and Trade Area. tion Agency aims to develop transportation. Moving of • Duty and quota free access new competitive investment De beers diamond sales func- to the US market through the and trade promotion models tions to Botswana has already African Growth and Oppor- and to have Botswana as an had a significant positive tunity Act, AGOA until 2019. investment destination of effect on the economy through • Duty and quota free market choice. BITC is responsible adding value to Botswana access under the Economic for promoting foreign direct diamonds, attracting new Partnership Agreement (EPA) investment, investor after- FDI from global cutting and between SADC and the Euro- care, and the promotion of polishing companies, and pean Union (EU). locally-manufactured goods drawing investment from in export markets. It offers diamond buyers and in serv- The favourable balance business facilitation and one- ices to support them. It is also of payments position over stop services ensuring the expected to boost investor many years has encouraged process of investing and set- confidence in the country’s the pursuit of a liberal trade ting up business in Botswana ability to handle complex eco- policy, with minimal controls is smooth and hassle free. nomic ventures successfully. on imports and exports. BITC also offer a range of Although there are no tariffs multi-user factory shells for Conclusion on trade with South Africa, manufacturing purposes. In spite of the challenges SACU tariffs apply to imports brought about by the global from the rest of the world; how- BITC is the interim custo- economic uncertainty, the ever, these have been reduced dian Authority of the Special government continues to pur- steadily in recent years as the Economic Zones (SEZs) that sue policies that are friendly region becomes more inte- are being created to increase to business and attractive to grated into the world econ- investment in the country. both domestic and foreign omy and in line with WTO These SEZs are expected to capital. Nonetheless, there is commitments. serve as magnets for attract- a need for a dedicated national ing both domestic and foreign investment strategy geared Investment investors. towards the long-term invest- Promotion ment attractiveness of ‘niche’ The government has been For its full year of oper- economic sectors. Besides, closely engaged in improv- ation (2013), BITC attracted more attention needs to be ing the business climate for P699 million in FDI and P362 paid to the costs of doing both foreign and domestic million of domestic invest- business. investors. As an initiative to ments. According to BITC, ■

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Construction: An engine of growth Introduction The Construction industry is one of the main engines of growth in any economy. It provides the infrastructure In recognising the impor- Performance required for other sectors of tance of infrastructure for eco- of the sector the economy to flourish, pro- nomic growth, considerable Botswana’s construction vides housing as the basic focus has been placed on con- industry has continued to grow human need and is instru- struction. In line with vision but at a slower pace. After mental in providing national 2016 ideals, Botswana has having recorded an annual communications network. In invested heavily in infrastruc- average growth of 10.1% view of its close association ture development with a view during the period 2004-2012, with public works and hence to offer investors a suitable the construction sector decel- the implementation of a coun- environment that will lead erated and grew only by 3.8% try’s development programme, the country to be recognised in 2013. It is however expected the construction sector plays as a “Prosperous, Productive that growth in the sector will an important role in creating and Innovative nation”. rebound in 2014 based on a employment opportunities substantial pipeline of projects for both skilled and unskilled Today, the construction driven by investment in power, labour. In short, the construc- sector is among the very water, roads, buildings and tion services sector is a funda- important sectors that con- mining-related projects. mental economic activity tribute to the GDP. In 2013, which permeates all sectors it accounted for 6.3% of all Management of the economy. It is an instru- the wealth that was gener- of the sector ment for employment created in the country. The sector Regulatory issues in Bots- ation, a key infrastructure also provides employment wana’s construction sector are service and a tool for upgrad- for an estimated workforce left to the control of several ing welfare. of about 24,000 people. ministries and parastatals.

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO DEVELOPING TOMORROW’S AFRICA is our commitment BOTSWANA (Pty) Ltd

CONSULTING ENGINEERS & PLANNERS

Areas of Activity Services Offered Kgale Mews, Unit 25 Transportation Design Private Bag BR 121, Broadhurst Waste Management Masterplanning Gaborone, Botswana Geotechnical Studies Feasibility Studies Tel: (+267) 395-1654 Environmental Assessment Economic Assessment Fax: (+267) 391-2890 Structural Analysis and Design Construction Supervision Email: [email protected] Cadastral & Engineering Survey Impact Assessment and Remediation Website: www.cpp.co.bw Highway and Bridge Engineering Investigation and Rehabilitation Design Geographical Information System Water, Wastewater and Water Resources Management

“Improving Lives”

ROADS BRIDGES WATER AND SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE

HERBCO Technical Services (Pty) Ltd (HERBCO) is a locally registered SERVICES OFFERED:

Civil Engineering and Environmental Consulting firm established in • Infrastructure and Building

1988 and based in Gaborone. HERBCO is a member firm of Association • Road and Pavement Engineering of Consulting Engineers Botswana (ACEB) which is affiliated to FIDIC and • Structural and Bridge Engineering ascribes to the fundamentals of professional conduct. All our engineers • Water and Sanitation Engineering are members of Botswana Institution of Engineers (BIE). • Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering

• All Aspects of Environmental/Archaeological Studies Plot 6372, Kgwale Road, Extension 22,

Broadhurst. Private Bag BR 222, Gaborone, Botswana. • Contract and Project Management Tel: +267 3973741, Fax: +267 3974039, Cell: +267 73 600 306 email: [email protected], website: www.herbco.co.bw • Due Diligence and Technical Audit of Projects BOTSWANA

The Ministry of Transport Development Corporation There are also professional and Communications is res- (BDC) and the Botswana and trade allied associations ponsible for provision, con- Building Society (BBS). – the Architects Association struction and maintenance of Botswana (AAB), the Insti- of major public roads through The Department of Build- tute of Botswana Quantity the Roads Department while ing and Engineering Serv- Surveyors (IBQS) and the Asso- the Ministry of Local Govern- ices (DBES), under the Min- ciation of Botswana Build- ment through District/Urban istry of Infrastructure, Science ing and Civil Engineering Council is responsible for and Technology, is respon- Contractors (ABCON). construction and mainte- sible for Government build- nance of internal roads within ing development projects, Road infrastructure the villages/towns. Other their associated infrastruc- With regard to road infra- bodies which play an impor- ture, engineering services and structure, Botswana has devel- tant role in the provision of the maintenance of govern- oped, since independence, a transport infrastructures ment building, electrical and modern, functionally classi- include Botswana Railways mechanical stock. fied, Public Highway Network (BR) and the Department of (PHN) with a total of 18,507 Civil Aviation (DCA). The Public Procurement km of roads, of which around and Asset Disposal Board 37% is paved. The PHN is The Ministry of Lands (PPADB) manages the pub- complemented by a further and Housing is responsible lic procurement system on 12,398 km of district roads. for the management of land behalf of the government and related functions in both while the recently established Currently, the classified urban and rural areas as well Local Authority Asset and road network represents one as the facilitation of housing Procurement and Disposal of the country’s largest public sector assets with replace- ment costs estimated at about P28 billion. This astronom- ical investment in the road network reflects its multi- purpose role in the national economy involving social, business and commercial travel as well as freight and private transport, all of which use the same network. 80% of the main road network and 73% of the rural network are considered to be in good delivery. Under its authority, Boards (LAPAD) monitors or fair condition. the Department of Housing procurement processes in is responsible for the design local authorities. With the backbone of the and formulation of national national road network in housing policies, monitoring Botswana has a number place, the focus of attention is and provision of guidance to of regulatory and professional gradually shifting from build- local authorities, both urban bodies operating in the con- ing new roads to maintaining and rural, private developers struction sector including the existing roads. Emphasis is and other institutions in the Engineers Registration Board therefore placed on carrying implementation of national (ERB) and the Architect Regis- out road maintenance in a housing programmes and tration Council of Botswana pro-active and efficient man- related infrastructure projects. (ARCB). The Government ner in order to preserve the Other bodies which play an together with the construc- value of the national road important role in construction industry representatives asset. To improve further its tion, property development is currently working on the maintenance programme, the and housing include the establishment of a construc- Roads Department launched Botswana Housing Corpo- tion industry body that will the Botswana Road Main- ration (BDC), the Botswana oversee its operations. tenance Manual (BRMM) in

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO INTRODUCTION At Team Engineers (Pty) Ltd, we specialize in providing specialist prefabricated building solutions. Since establishment in 1997, TEAM has grown from strength to strength, not only in capacity and knowledge, but also in diversity of the product range and our level of service.

We manufacture, supply and install prefabricated buildings and mobile units (a.k.a porta cabins or park homes) throughout Botswana.

OUR MISSION With Emphasis on a caring atmosphere we want to be the preferred suppliers of mobiles and prefabs in Botswana by offering a wide variety of products for rent or sales, with an excellent Use of our Products price/Quality ratio, delivered with speed and a superior level of supporting services. Office • Housing • Site accommodation • Classrooms • Clinics • Ablutions • Dormitories • Internet Cafes • Churches • Storage

Team Engineers (Pty) Ltd trading as TEAM Plot 42795 & 43176 Phakalane PO Box 402185 Gaborone • Botswana Tel: +267 3902520 • Fax: +267 3901184 Email: [email protected] • Website: team-botswana.com Built in Botswana by Batswana BOTSWANA

• Apply government resources towards low and lower middle income housing delivery; • Promote housing as an instrument for economic empowerment and poverty alleviation; • Forster a partnership with the private sector and all major employers in home development and facilitating home ownership.

The policy addresses key elements of the housing sector including institutional capacity, land, finance, subsidies, rentals, housing standards, building materials, housing legislation, Self Help Housing Agency (SHHA), District Hous- ing, Botswana Housing Cor- poration (BHC) and private 2011. The purpose of the Bridge linking Botswana and sector participation. BRMM is to serve as a nation- Zambia over the Zambezi ally recognised document, River. In order to facilitate the the application of which is process of shelter delivery, the deemed to serve as a stan- Housing government has instituted a dard reference and source of Housing Policy number of programmes. The good practice for road man- & Programmes Self Help Housing Agency agement and maintenance The main goal of the (SHHA) programme has been by both public and private National Policy on Housing the most successful low income sector practitioners. (2000) is to facilitate the pro- housing programme under- vision of decent and afford- taken in Botswana and cur- Notable ongoing projects able housing for all within rently accommodates over under road infrastructure a safe and sanitary environ- 60% of households in urban include the reconstruction of ment. The housing policy areas. The revamped pro- Botswana’s A1 national road seeks to: gramme has now two com- between Tonota and Francis- • Change the emphasis from ponents. The SHHA Home town, the construction of the government as a housing pro- Loan Improvement Scheme Plaatjan bridge across the vider to housing facilitator is meant to finish, renovate Notwane River and the con- in partnership with other or extend an existing struc- struction of the Kazungula stakeholders; ture with a maximum loan of P45,000 while the Turn SHHA Key Loan Scheme entails the tunrkey. construction of new houses at a unit cost of P60,000. The repayment period for the loans under the two schemes is 20 years at zero percent interest. An Integrated Poverty Allevi- ation and Housing Scheme, which gives the members of the community who do not qualify for SHHA loans to build their own houses through self- help has also been introduced.

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Plot 10215, Molokwane Road, Broadhurst, Gaborone, Bostwana P.O. Box 40349, Gaborone, Bostwana Telephone: +267 3951270 Fax: +267 39511271 Website: www.mandpcables.com BOTSWANA

A new government funded priate housing policies and is expected that, apart from housing scheme targeting programmes. However, the improving land management, workers who do not qualify housing sector in Botswana the exercise will enable tribal for mortgages, has recently is still faced with the following land holders to use their land been announced. The new challenges: as collateral and thus enhance scheme will be known as the • Demand for funding far borrowing for investment in Instalment Purchase Scheme. exceeds the financial provision productive activities. Mean- of the subsidised programmes; while, in order to further pro- The government recog- • Unaffordability due to adap- mote the role of the private nises the important role of tation of “modern” infrastruc- sector, the government has finance in housing. In order to ture and building standards; developed guidelines on pri- enhance the effective involve- • Shortage of affordable land vate sector participation in ment of the financial insti- for housing; land delivery. A project to tutions, government provides • Inaccessibility of housing improve Land Administra- mortgage loan guarantees finance for low income house- tion processes, procedures to eligible borrowers. holds (Less than 25% of Bots- and capacity systems is also wana’s employed population being implemented and is The government also can actually qualify for mort- progressing well. recognises the importance of gage loans). actively forging partnerships According to the 2011 with stakeholders in housing To promote optimal land Population Census and Hous- provision. With the advent management, a Land Policy ing Census, 75% of the popu- of Public Private Partnerships has been formulated, whose lation is adequately housed. (PPPs), the private sector has overall objective is to facili- re-oriented its traditional focus tate orderly development and Botswana Housing from the provision of high- investment for sustainable Corporation income housing to become economic development and Botswana’s largest resi- much more involved in gov- citizen empowerment. Like- dential property developer, ernment construction projects wise, the government has Botswana Housing Corpo- and housing schemes. embarked on an exercise of ration (BHC) is responsible national land registration for the provision of housing From the above, it can through the Land Adminis- throughout the country for safely be said that the govern- tration, Procedures, Capacity public and private sector occu- ment has done a lot in ensur- and Systems (LAPCAS) project, pation. BHC builds houses ing provision and access to whose aim is to capture data predominantly in urban areas, urban housing through appro- on land rights and parcels. It and is actively involved in pro-

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BOTSWANA

moting home ownership to Property Market as rents for secondary space citizens. It has been a domi- Botswana’s property mar- have been curtailed. Occupier nant player in the rental market has seen a strong increase demand for retail units is still ket though it has begun to over the last few years, first in strong though the current sell off significant numbers of the commercial and indus- delivery of new space put pres- its properties as a means of trial sector, followed by the sure on shopping centres as increasing individual home residential market. Growth competition intensifies. As ownership. The corporation has been supported by the for the industrial market, the also acts as an agent of the expanding Botswana middle lack of product, both to buy government for the devel- class and the fact that home and lease, still frustrates both opment of urban serviced finance has become more occupiers and investors. Pro- land. The majority of houses readily available to the local perty income return is estim- built are targeted for sale to market. Unlike other indus- ated at around 10%. Batswana on the open mar- tries, Botswana’s residential ket. BHC is also tasked with property market did not expe- Latest developments the implementation of all rience any dip during the The property market in government housing related recession but instead increased Botswana continues to upscale initiatives under the Single in value. Further reduction the environment for invest- Housing Authority (SIHA) in lending rate by the central ment, with construction of banner. bank has created greater prime office, commercial and demand for property. With a retail spaces within the new Since its establishment, high demand surpassing sup- Gaborone Central Business BHC has built over 25,000 ply, rents and property prices District. Some new buildings houses which have been continue to rise, particularly contribute as exceptional rented out and sold through for higher-end properties. landmarks in the country, various schemes. According displaying advanced archi- to the Corporation, 853 houses Gaborone’s office market tectural and structural designs. were sold to Batswana in 2013 has entered a new phase as Already notable in the CBD while the rental properties large scale developments in are the Square Mall, SADC stood at 10,611 by the end of the new Central Business Dis- Headquarters, Masa Towers, the same year. trict (CBD) and Fairgrounds the Industrial Court, the High Office Park have continued. Court and Court of Appeal, Through the BHC Sitting This has resulted in consid- the Ministry of Youth, Sport Tenants Campaign, people erable oversupply within the and Culture, the Ministry of who have been renting BHC market, especially for second- Trade and Industry, the Uni- houses for more than 10 years ary space. Well located and versal Plaza, the Prime Plaza, are now encouraged to buy high quality space remains the Matante Mews, the First them with the assistance of sought after with pressure Place, the Exponential and partner banks. growing on prime rents, where- the 21-storey iTowers A. The

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Dikgatlhong Pipeline Shashe River Crossing

We specialise in: • Road Construction • Road Surfacing • Bridge Construction • Plant & Equipment Hire WORLDWOORLD CCLASSLLAASSS • Bulk Earthworks

Slimes Dam Construction, BCM • Township Service • Water and Sanitation Supply +<'5$8/,&6+<'5$8/,&6 352'8&76 6(59,&(6352'8&76 6(59,&(6 0LQLQJu0DQXIDFWXUHUV0LQLQJu 0DQXIDFWXUHUV uu 5HFRQGLWLRQHUV5HFRQGLWLRQHUVuu &\OLQGHUV&\OLQGHUV u3XPSV3 u0RWRUV0 W u9DOYHV9 O u &UDQHV& u0DFKLQLQJu6SDUHV

Kang to Tsetseng Road Nyerere Drive & North Ring

Plot 20578, Moshaneng Close Block 3, Industrial P.O. Box 2402, Gaborone, Botswana Tel: +267 3928392 Fax: +267 3928406 Maun Airport New Aprons [email protected] $*(176)257)0+,$%&5$1(6$*(176)25 7)0 +,$% &5$1(6 Marketing email : [email protected] ||CellCell : 72131678 | Workshop Cell :74213735

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AIR COOLING & MAINTENANCE (PTY) LTD

For all your installations, servicing, and repair needs on your Mechanical and Electrical Systems.

“Good quality service for sustainable development”

Gaborone International Commerce Park Plot 93 Unit 2, Gaborone, Botswana Tel: 3903622, Fax: 3903722 e-mail: [email protected] BOTSWANA

introduced to address this problem but only limited success has been achieved to date as the housing crisis keeps intensifying.

Conclusion In order to achieve a diver- sified economy, the need to have a well-developed and safe infrastructure cannot be overemphasised. In this regard, a well organised and efficient construction sector could be one of the avenues that the Proposed area will soon host the Cen- mond exports. This means country could utilise in the Rugby tral Square, the iTowers B, that the construction sector provision of a world-class Stadium - the Zambezi Towers and the has to find alternative ways infrastructure. This may give Gaborone. Office Park, amongst others. of sustaining its growth in the country a competitive edge the medium to long term. against other countries in Another recent landmark terms of attracting investors. development in Gaborone • Continued concern among The improvement of the per- was the construction of the stakeholders in the supply formance of the construction BDC Fairscape Precinct in the and demand side of project industry is therefore needed. Fairgrounds area, This world delivery chain. The govern- To address the issue, the gov- class mix use property offers ment, as the largest single ernment is working with vari- a total rentable office and retail client of the construction ous professions to formulate space of some 22,000sqm. industry, remains concerned appropriate legislation to

The construction of the 73,000sqm iconic building for Botswana Innovation Hub near the Sir Seretse Khama International Airport and adjacent to the Diamond Technology Park has recently started.

Challenges • Human resource development, capacity development, and lack of competitiveness about the poor performance enable them to manage their for citizen firms. The supply by some private contractors in affairs effectively within a side continues to be domi- implementing government’s conducive legal framework. nated by foreign firms with projects. Many projects have To pursue its position, the local firms not being able to been delivered in a manner government will establish a compete at the same level, par- that is not satisfactory – often Construction Industry Author- ticularly for major projects. late, with cost overruns and ity of Botswana (CIAB), as a sometimes of poor quality. new organisation to be con- • The construction sector in sulted when awarding tenders Botswana remains hugely • Lack of access to land and to construction companies. reliant on the public sector for housing for poor income Of critical importance is that the majority of its contracts, households who have moved those involved in the con- which is not a sustainable con- into the urban centres in large struction industry find ways sidering uncertainties with numbers in search of employ- of improving to create an respect to revenue prospects ment. Many programmes efficient and effective sector. based on demand for dia- and strategies have been ■

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BOTSWANA

Transport: Moving towards regional integration

Introduction into the category of middle ing out non-core activities. Efficient, reliable and cost income countries. An “inner Sustainability of the transport effective transport services circle” highway connecting all sector remains a key priority, are critical for enhancing com- major towns and district capi- and to this end public sector petitiveness by facilitating tals is completely paved. The reforms such as cost recovery easy movement of goods and all-weather Trans-Kalahari are being implemented to services from production cen- Highway connects the country ensure that the quality of tres to markets, particularly to Walvis Bay in Namibia and service is either maintained or in a large country with an serves as a strategic link in enhanced. The restructuring unevenly distributed popu- the Maputo Walvis Bay Eco- and eventual privatisation of lation such as Botswana. nomic Corridor, thus bringing parastatals is on the agenda. closer the stated ambition of Since independence, there SADC for integration of the The transport Hub has been a sustained effort road network. A railway line Thanks to its location at on the part of the government links Botswana to South Africa the centre of Southern Africa, of Botswana to create essential and Zimbabwe. In addition, Botswana has the potential transport infrastructure and modern airport facilities to become a transport hub for services to improve access to provide easy access to tourist the region. The government jobs, education and health attractions and connect the of Botswana gave the man- facilities and also to facilitate country to the region. date to the Ministry of Trans- domestic and international port and Communications to trade as well as strengthen It is important to empha- coordinate the development regional integration and size that to be economically of this hub, and to actively attract foreign investment. and financially sustainable; pursue various investment Huge investments have been transportation must be cost- projects, regional harmoniza- made in infrastructure devel- effective and continuously res- tion initiatives, and business opment for the efficient and ponsive to changing demands development activities to repo- safe conveyance of freight through the creation of a more sition Botswana as a regional and passengers. competitive transport sector. hub for rail, road, and air In line with regional trends, transport, and to support the Transport systems are now the Ministry of Transport and development of a competitive well developed. The road, rail- Communications is pursuing transport and logistics indus- ways and aviation systems are development strategies such try in the country. The goal is at a level that put Botswana as liberalisation and contract- also to transform the transport

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BOTSWANA

and logistics industry into a to the PHN, there are 12,398 Kazungula Bridge major growth sector to stim- km of district roads which Project ulate economic diversification fall under the responsibility Construction of the Kazun- of the country by creating an of Local Authorities. gula Bridge linking Botswana enabling environment that and Zambia over the Zambezi encourages transport service Vehicle ownership has River to replace the ferry will providers and their customers increased tremendously over commence in early 2015. to flourish through invest- the past few years. There are The project, which will cost ment, entrepreneurship and now over 440,000 registered a total of US$272 million, is efficiency. Several initiatives motor vehicles on Botswana financed by the governments are being implemented to roads. This, combined with an of Botswana and Zambia with achieve this goal: ever-growing international further assistance from the • Development of a Dry Port and transit traffic, puts pres- Japan International Cooper- at Walvis Bay; sure on the local road net- ation Agency (JICA). Expected • Construction of a bridge work. To meet the challenge to be completed by 2018, the over the Zambezi river at the government continues to 960m long road/rail bridge Kazungula; devote considerable resources will facilitate increased trade • The Trans-Kalahari Rail- to road infrastructure. activities and global com- way (TKR) Project; • Mosetse-Kazungula and Mmamabula-Ellisras rail links projects; • Open Skies policy to attract international carriers; • Development of a multi- modal air cargo hub; • Heavy haul railway line between Botswana and a deep sea port in Mozambique; • Greater Gaborone multi- modal transportation system.

Road Road transport is by far the dominant carrier of freight and passengers in Botswana’s land transport system. It carries over 97% of all passenger and freight traffic and reaches New developments in the petiveness of Botswana and most communities. road transport system have Zambia, improve regional helped improve the sub- connectivity of the North South At present (2013), the Pub- sector and enhance efficiency. Corridor and contribute to the lic Highway Network (PHN) Through road traffic manage- regional integration of the maintained by the Central ment and the assistance of economies in the SADC region. Government consists of 18,507 Botswana traffic police there km of roads, of which 6,925 are continual efforts to ensure Rail km are paved. The network motorists drive safely within Botswana Railways (BR) of bituminised roads extends the local roads, and that the is the national railway of Bots- along the eastern and more number of accidents are min- wana. BR’s system maintains populated side of the country, imised. Transport permits, 886km of narrow gauge track linking Botswana with South roadworthiness certificates that runs essentially along Africa to the south, Zambia and driver theory tests have the east of Botswana where and Zimbabwe to the north, been computerised. Driving industrious businesses are con- and Namibia to the west. license systems in Botswana centrated, linking to South Over 80% of the PHN is con- have also been upgraded to Africa and Zimbabwe. In addi- sidered being in either good match that of the region and tion, the railway branches to or fair condition. In addition international markets. other national mining towns

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such as Selebi-Phikwe, Sowa has suffered severe locomo- line is expected to commence and Morupule, to load copper/ tives and wagon shortages immediately after the two gov- nickel, salt, soda ash and coal. in the past, BR is gradually ernments complete a detailed renewing its assets. As part feasibility study and identify The national railway forms of its turnaround strategy, BR a development partner. The part of a crucial link in the is also reviewing its costing proposed TKR railway line is regional railway network sys- and pricing models to make set to help boost regional trade tem. Through Transnet Freight the company competitive. and turn Botswana into a Rail of South Africa in the Currently moving about two regional trade Hub. The proj- south, and National Railways million tonnes per annum, BR ect is also expected to create of Zimbabwe in the north, has set itself a target to freight an economic belt stretching BR provides a connection to 4 million tonnes by 2015. from eastern Botswana to Walvis Bay in Namibia.

The TKR project is however competing with other proposed projects meant to open up export route for coal. The construction of a 1,100km new railway line linking Botswana to a new deep-water port to be built near Maputo in Mozambique is under evaluation while Namibia and Swaziland and With regard to passenger Transnet of South Africa is a continuous rail link to Zam- service, operations were sus- planning the Waterberg Line, bia, Democratic Republic of pended in 2009 to allow for from Botswana to the coal Congo, Angola, Mozambique, effective review of the sub- terminal in Richards Bay. Tanzania and Malawi. sector and ensure there is sustainability in the economy. In the meantime, the The railway sub-sector ground breaking ceremony has a very small share of the In order create the condi- that took place in September national transport market, tions for the rail to unlock its 2014 for the construction of with less than 3% of freight full potential as a viable alter- the long awaited Kazungula carried, leaving a dispropor- native to road transport; the bridge, which includes a rail tionate market share to road government is also looking at component, paves the way haulage. After going down the possibility of BR merging for the construction of the for some years, the quantity with some of its neighbours Motsese-Kazungula rail link of goods conveyed by rail rose or being privatised. that will connect Botswana steadily from 2007 to date but to Zambia. stiff competition from other Railway expansion projects regional railways for transit Large railway infrastruc- Dry-port facilities traffic has resulted in a reduc- ture projects are strongly linked Botswana has four dry tion of BR’s profitability. to the future development of ports that offer containerised the local coal industry. The door-to-door delivery to locally As the mining industry Trans-Kalahari Railway (TKR) based importers and exporters. continues to experience a project, a proposed new rail- BR, in alliance with Transnet boom especially in the coal way running from Botswana’s of South Africa, operates three sector, BR has geared itself to Mmamabula coal field to the container terminals located improve its capacity to ensure port of Walvis Bay in Namibia, in Gaborone (GABCON), sufficient and efficient service is targeted as an upcoming Francistown (FRANCON) and delivery to both existing and possible development. A pre- Palapye (PALCON). Another potential freight customers feasibility study was com- dry port run by Nata is located and in the process, positioning pleted in October 2010 and in Selebi-Phikwe. Established itself as the preferred mode of a bilateral agreement signed with the aim of providing a transport for bulk commodi- in March 2014. The construc- safer, faster and cheaper alter- ties. While the organisation tion of the 1,500km railway native to road transport, these

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dry ports facilitate the move- approximately 52% were inter- • Maun - Johannesburg, ments of containers via rail national and 48% domestic. • Maun - Cape Town, to and from SADC sea and Aircraft movements increased • Kasane - Johannesburg, dry ports. by 7.7% to 86,363. and • Francistown - Johannesburg.

There are no existing direct intercontinental flights at present.

In an effort to attract additional air traffic and improve airline services in the country, Botswana has so far signed Bilateral Air Service Agree- ments (BASAs) with 13 countries (Belgium, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Qatar, Singapore, South Africa, the UK, the USA, the United Arab Emirates, Zambia, and The Botswana Dry Port Currently, five interna- Zimbabwe). These BASAs are at the port of Walvis Bay in tional air carriers operate intended to create a conducive Namibia started operating scheduled passenger services environment for attracting in July 2014. Developed on between Botswana and other more operators, including a 36,200 square metre piece countries, namely; Air Bots- major airlines that will directly of land granted by Namibia wana, Kenya Airways, South link Botswana with major under a 50-year lease signed African Airways, South African destinations in the World. In in September 2009, the dry Express Airways and Airlink. addition, Air Botswana is port, which gives Botswana Air Botswana also operates engaged in negotiations with access to the Atlantic Ocean, some local flights within the a number of international air- is intended to boost Botswana’s country. Domestic air trans- lines to operate direct flights exports to Europe by cutting port activity is focused in to destinations in the SADC time and costs associated Gaborone, Francistown, Maun sub-region and beyond. with South African ports the and Kasane while interna- country currently uses. It will tional travel is mainly between Further liberalisation of also boost the utilisation of Gaborone and Johannesburg. air transport services with the Trans Kalahari Corridor. Other International connec- regard to both domestic and The port is run by Sea Rail, tions are: foreign operations is expected a subsidiary of BR.

Air The Air infrastructure, consisting of 4 international major airports, 3 international minor airports and 15 aerodromes, is owned and operated by the government through the Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana (CAAB). Many private aerodromes also cater for the tourism industry.

In 2013, the number of • Gaborone - Harare, to maximise the utilisation of passengers carried by airlines • Gaborone - Nairobi, Botswana’s airspace and air grew by 3% and amounted to • Gaborone - Lusaka, facilities as well as open gates 783,655 passengers of which • Gaborone - Cape Town, for the tourism market. One

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also provide the basis for each of the different modes of transport to develop and implement their own strategies for a better future.

The policy is expected to achieve the following results:

• Increase of quality and accessibility of transport services to the settlements; • Containment in the level of transport consuming GDP – not more than 5%; • Increase the contribution of the private sector by 50%; company, Blue Sky Airways, tonnes for the last eight years. • To replace and modernise is already planning to enter However, there are plans to transport equipment in all the scheduled domestic and turn SSKIA into a cargo hub modes; regional services market with for Southern Africa in a near • Reduction the time of freight a view to developing Gaborone future. delivery; into a hub. • Reduce the transport com- National Integrated ponent in the cost of trade Transformations on airport Transport Policy by 15%; infrastructure in the country Building on past successes, • Increase the use of new have been carried out in antic- recognising where improve- technologies and logistics; ipation of a significant rise in ment is still needed and setting • Substitute transport demand air traffic in the coming years. a vision and direction for the with communications where The major international air- next 30 years, the government possible; port serving Gaborone, Sir has recently formulated its first • To increase the intensity of Seretse Khama International National Integrated Transport air traffic; Airport (SSKIA), boasts a state- Policy. The three principles • Double the number of direct of-the-art terminal building that underpin the policy are: international flights to our that can handle up to 970 principle airports every ten passengers per hour at peak • Ensuring that users’ needs years; while the 4 km runaway can are reflected in providing • Enhance the value of our accommodate large volume affordable, efficient, safe and national transport assets by aircraft. Francistown Airport clean transport; 5% per annum through better has also been upgraded with • Strengthening the manage- maintenance; an extended new runway and ment of the transport sector • To reduce the number of a new terminal building. Run- so that its overall cost of pro- road fatalities by 20-25%; and aways at Maun and Kasane viding transport to society is reduce travel risks of all kinds Airports have been extended better aligned to the capacity transport; in length to cater for wide-body of the economy; • To obtain a 30% shift from aircrafts while the construction • Moving towards regional cars to public transport by of their respective new termi- integration and adopting 2025 and a 10% shift from nals is set to begin in 2015. regulations and norms which road to rail; are considered to be in the • To reduce harmful emissions With respect to air freight, National interest. into the atmospheric by 20% there are no scheduled exclu- in 2025 and by 30% by 2036; sive cargo services operating Once adopted by the gov- • To increase proportion of in Botswana and air cargo is ernment, the policy will pave energy consumed by transport moved only on passenger serv- the way for moving rapidly from renewable by 10% for ices. Cargo handled annually forward on various Acts and each decade. through SSKA and other air- Regulatory Instruments that ■ ports has been around 1,000 will implement the policy and

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO Talk to us for Supply Chain Solutions that deliver at 0861 GO2UTi or contact a specialist directly: Mike Gibbs - [email protected] Shepherd Moshoeshoe - [email protected] MINISTER APPLAUDS BOFINET AND HUAWEI

By Vincent Ntuluki

The Minister of Communication and Technology were the project is and also to get women Hon. Nonofo Molefhi has applauded BOFINET in more involved in ICT. “As a way of making sure partnership with HUAWEI for their outstanding that this project also benefits the society we CSI gesture during the handing over of the Three appointed three technicians with the help of Schools Projects at Mmadinare in August 2014. District Commissioners,” she explained. Mabogo added that this was also a way of honoring the The Three Schools Project was an icing on the Girls in ICT activity which was a build up to the cake following the commemoration of the World main commemoration event. Telecommunications and Information Society (WTIS) Day held in Phikwe in May. The three Minister of Transport and Communications, Hon schools project beneficial are Matshekge Senior Nonofo Molefhi commended this by saying it Secondary School in Bobonong, Selibe Phikwe serves as a demonstration of the need to bridge Senior Secondary School and Mmadinare Senior the digital divide to ensure that Botswana keeps Secondary School. The schools were chosen pace with the Global Community in advancing because they were within the region that the the use of ICT as a key instrument of learning WTIS was held, which made them qualify for the and a path to global competitiveness. “You will CSI initiative. The project involved installation agree with me that we live in a global village and supply of 10mbs high speed internet in the and the internet has become a necessity schools and providing the schools management especially in the education sector to serve as a and the Head Boy and Girl HUAWEI tablets. learning aid and make both the learning and teaching process a lot easier. To the three (3) The initiative did not only go as far as BOFINET’s this noble gesture by BOFINET helps us realize primary mandate of internet provision as BOFINET this dream,” he applauded. hired three technician assistants to work at the three schools for a period of a year to help The half day event ended with a tour of the manage the project. The three technician interns Mmmadinare Senior Secondary School where consist of two ladies and a gentleman that come the high speed internet was put to test by from the respective areas being Mmadinare, delegates that included amongst others Minister Selibe Phikwe and Bobonong. According to of Transport and Communications, Hon Nonofo BOFINET Communications, PR and Marketing Molefhi, Acting Minister of Presidential Affairs, Specialist, Kungo Mabogo this criteria was set Hon Shaw Kgathi and His Excellency, the Chinese as a way of empowering citizens of the societies Ambassador to Botswana Mr Zheng Zhuqiang.

Plot 74769, Unit 3 Mowana Mews, CBD Gaborone, Botswana

[T] +267 399 5500 [F] +267 3903414 [E] [email protected] [W] www.bofinet.co.bw BOTSWANA

Telecommunications & ICT: Affordable and reliable access to broadband services for all

Introduction As technology develops, These licences authorise the The phenomenal growth mobile services have the poten- operators to provide converged of the mobile sector is a major tial to further impact economic services in all forms of telecom- development that the telecom- development through the munications services over fixed munications sector has expe- provision of high value 3G or mobile (wired or wireless) rienced over the years. Mobile and 4G data services accessed network links, using any avail- phones have improved com- via smartphones, tablets and able technology, and to pro- munication, social inclusion, dongles that deliver mobile vide international telecom- economic activity and produc- data services to businesses munications, including the tivity in virtually all sectors of and consumers. operation of international the economy. With one of the gateways. The number of PTO highest levels of mobile pen- Licensing regime licenses has however been etration in Africa, Botswana Botswana has experienced limited to three. has joined the mobile revo- radical changes in its ICT lution in a big way. institutional and regulatory The new licensing regime framework since the year has also meant that Value- As for broadband, improve- 2006 when the market was Added Network Services (VANS) ments in international connec- further liberalised. operators, who provide inter- tivity and the massive effort net and data services, are led by the government to The introduction of a granted technology-neutral upgrade the national fibre- service-neutral licensing licenses, covering all forms optic backbone crisscrossing regime in 2007 has made it of value-added telecommu- the country have brought possible for the sole fixed- nications service provision, cyber revolution in the coun- line operator BTC (now also including VoIP or internet try. The possibilities provided a mobile service provider, via telephony at national and by mobile telephone handset its beMobile service) and pri- international levels. This have grown beyond a phone vate mobile providers Mascom market is fully liberalised. call to internet surfing, mobile and Orange to be granted banking, utility payment and Public Telecommunication The immediate impact of many others. Operators (PTOs) licences. liberalisation has been the

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establishment of integrated October and November 2012, The authority’s ambition network platforms and the respectively. The second phase is to position Botswana as the deployment of advanced which involved the transfer best country in Africa for Com- fixed and mobile communi- of the network assets to munications in both access cations for voice and data BoFiNet started in December and usage, based on factors originating from different 2013 and was completed in established by the Interna- providers. September 2014. A stake of tional Telecommunication 49% into BTC Limited will Union (ITU). The six specific The ICT licensing frame- be sold through an Initial targets of the strategy are work is however being reviewed Public Offering (IPO) to local universal access, competi- in light of the advent of new investors before the end of tion, affordability, consumer technologies that have resulted 2014 while the core back- protection and efficient man- in convergence of electronic bone network will be retained agement of communications communication networks as under state ownership. resources. well as in increased innovation of new services. Once Regulator Market Structure reviewed, the framework will The Communications Reg- There are currently three facilitate market entry by ulatory Authority Act of 2012 licensed telephony operators players whose area of opera- merged the two regulators which are all permitted to pro- tions were not catered for in in telecommunications and vide both mobile and fixed the current framework, ulti- broadcasting respectively, the telephony services and prod- mately leading to increased Botswana Telecommunica- ucts. Despite the permissive competition in the market tions Authority (BTA) and the nature of the licence, BTCL and a wider choice of innova- National Broadcasting Board remains the only operator tive services for consumers. (NBB), into a single authority, which provides both mobile the Botswana Communica- and fixed telephony while tions Regulatory Authority Orange and Mascom provide (BOCRA). mobile telephony services only, including mobile inter- Established in April 2013, net and value added services. BOCRA exists to promote Both Mascom and Orange and facilitate a competitive started the provision of mobile ICT environment to advance telephony in 1998 while be- the knowledge society and MOBILE (owned by BTCL) economic diversification of entered the market in 2008. Botswana through innova- In the mobile sector, Mascom tive and fair regulation. The is the dominant player with Authority in particular focuses a market share of 53% of total on its core business which subscriber base, followed includes: Efficient manage- by Orange at 32% and then ment and use of radio fre- beMobile at 13%. Coverage quency spectrum; Licensing extends to almost the entire and monitoring of service population. providers; Developing and Privitisation promoting appropriate strate- BoFiNet, which was born Considerable progress gies and policies that encour- out the incumbent BTC pri- has been achieved on the age infrastructure develop- vatisation process, is a whole- much awaited privatisation ment and use of ICT services; sale provider of national and of the incumbent Botswana Ensuring security and effi- international telecommu- Telecommunications Corpo- ciency of telecommunications nication infrastructure to ration (BTC). The first phase networks; and Comparative Botswana licensed operators. which involved the regis- engagement and exchange The company owns and oper- tration of Botswana Fibre with international telecom- ates the national backbone Networks (BoFiNeT), the new munication regulatory and infrastructure, including the infrastructure company, standardisation bodies for Trans-Kalahari fibre optical and BTC Limited, the service global harmonisation and fibre network, the Gaborone- provider, was completed in coordination. Francistown fibre loop, the

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metropolitan fibre loops and market share, the three mobile services such as mobile and the newly deployed Dense operators have entered the fixed termination rates, whole- Wavelength Division Multi- underdeveloped broadband sale international leased lines, plexing System. It also man- sector with different strategies wholesale Asymmetric Digital ages Botswana’s involve- including 3G, LTE, WiMAX Subscriber Lines (ADSL) and ment in the submarine cables and bundling with fixed-line wholesale internet band- EASSy and WACS for the pro- (ADSL) services. In this market width leading to a reduction vision of international inter- they compete with a large in retail tariffs has greatly net bandwidth. number of ISPs, some of which contributed to the continued have rolled out their own wire- growth of the sector. Other market players less access infrastructure. are the Value Added Network ICT Policy Services (VANS) operators. As The number of internet Alongside the changes of March 2014, there were users has risen strongly over occasioned by the liberal- 64 in the communications the past two years on account isation, the Government landscape. of lower prices following finalised an ICT policy called improvements in interna- the Maitlamo National ICT Records obtained from tional connectivity. Mobile Policy in 2007 to guide all BOCRA indicate that fixed Internet penetration increased ICT initiatives in Botswana. telephony subcriptions have from 43% in March 2013 to The National ICT Policy aims shown a constant growth 49% in March 2014 while the to create an enabling envi- over the years. The subscrip- number of subscriptions to ronment for growth of an ICT tions increased from 162,718 ADSL, hampered by the low industry in Botswana and for subscribers in March 2013 uptake of fixed telephone provision of universal service to 174,992 in March 2014, a lines, stood at 20,164. Also and access to ICT facilities, growth rate of 8.0%. Fixed- enhancing uptake of internet with the ultimate objective line penetration has how- services is the increase in smart of Botswana becoming a ever remained stagnant at phones, tablets and dongles regional ICT hub. around 8.6%. which are able to access the internet through 3G appli- The National ICT objec- cations. In addition, VANS tives are: providers continue to make • A culture of lifelong learning impact in the internet market that maximises the potential by increasing availability of within all citizens and accel- wireless access networks such erates innovation to develop as internet hotspots. knowledge based system; • Government services avail- One of the recent value able electronically; added services introduced in • Increased economic diver- Botswana is mobile money. sification and foreign invest- In contrast to the fixed This involves making finan- ment, including ICT enabled sector, the mobile sector has cial transactions including services based in Botswana; seen a phenomenal growth payments and money trans- • Access to relevant, localised of subscriptions of more than fers using a mobile phone. and understandable infor- 100% since 2009. As of March The service is currently offered mation for all citizens; 2014, mobile networks shared by Mascom, Orange and • An ICT access point in every 3,204,896 subscribers com- BeMobile under three distinct village; pared to 3,095,894 in March brands being My Zaka, Orange • Enhanced disease control 2013. Mobile penetration Money (e-Wallet) and Smega and health care programmes; currently sits at over 160% Mobile Wallet, respectively. • An efficient and cost-effective (because many users have The number of subscriptions ICT infrastructure in place. multiple SIMs to take advan- increased from 176,934 in tage of promotions offered March 2013 to 283,044 in An ICT Legal Framework by operators). March 2014. has been produced as a companion to this Policy. The Frame- In a bid to generate new The recent reduction in work provides a review of cur- revenue streams and secure tariffs for communications rent legislation in Botswana

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and identifies appropriate Recent interventions in are now the e-Government policy actions that need to be support of low-cost, equitable, access points and will be taken to establish a trusted and wholesale access to optic fibre expected to play an even big- secure e-Commerce, e-health, helped reduce bandwidth ger role once e-Government e-learning (Thuto Net) and prices by up to 70% between becomes interactive. e-Government environment. March 2012 and March 2014. With increasing internet speed There is also the Thuto A significant number of and connectivity reach, inter- Net programme which is an the Maitlamo initiatives are net services are now afford- expansive project that incor- underway, and very real and able for many. porates the Schools Connec- visible progress is being made. tivity Initiative, to link all sec- Below are a selected sample With the aim to improve ondary schools to the Internet. of some of the advances and penetration, increase uptake Hundreds of secondary schools improvements that have and bridge the digital divide, throughout the country now taken place in recent years. the Nteletsa II project has sup- have access to the Internet. plied 197 rural communities To fast track the program, the with access to mobile telecom- Department responsible for munication services, includ- laying out the infrastructure ing voice, data and Internet is working together with the services. The Nteletsa-I resus- Department of Education to citation project, which entailed train teachers on using ICT as upgrading of older infrastruc- a classroom tool. Additionally, The Trans-Kalahari Fibre ture to the Nteletsa II standards there is a national e-learning Optic Project, which was com- was completed in March 2013. committee tasked with for- pleted in 2009, has provided The initiative has brought mulating and promotion of major towns and villages with mobile voice, data and inter- e-learning in Botswana. good quality telecommunica- net connectivity to some 177 tions infrastructure. Botswana villages. To further connect The government has part- has also forged alliances with the nation, the government nered with developed coun- other countries in order to has retooled the Kitsong Cen- tries to get assistance on e- access affordable and effi- tres by introducing more health. Some of the projects cient telecommunication. products to improve their such as telemedicine, Inte- The East Africa Submarine utilisation. In addition to grated Patient Management Cable System (EASSy) and the Kitsong Centres, public System, Warehouse Manage- the West Africa Cable System (WACS) have been carrying international bandwidth since December 2010 and Septem- ber 2012, respectively. The total investment of US$137 million pumped into both cable systems has brought high quality broadband capacity and opened a new realm for voice and data services. Parallel to this development, Botswana is upgrading its national fibre optic backbone and access ICT access has also been pro- ment System and Health networks to take better advan- vided to Botswana’s network Workers System are already tage of the additional band- of public libraries via the Sesigo in use. E-health initiatives are width and eliminate bottle- project, a public access project seen as a way to increased necks. The country has also funded by the Bill and Melinda quality, safety, timeliness embarked on expanding the Gates Foundation. This project and efficiency. fibre infrastructure network has provided connectivity to by approximately a further 63 public libraries and training The e-Government pro- 1,000km in order to increase for more than 60,000 users in gramme lies at the centre cross-border connectivity. ICTs in the process. Libraries of efforts to achieve greater

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efficiency in the public sector, The Strategy is expected to • Limited demand and access while promoting a knowl- achieve significant growth in to online local content; edge economy. Its rollout is broadband penetration into • Lack of employment oppor- now being accelerated in the households, private business tunities for our ICT graduates; context of the adoption of the and public enterprises by the • Limited infrastructure based “1 Gov” strategy for moving year 2018 by facilitating the competition within the mar- government services online construction and use of high- ket; and for greater quality and con- speed, high quality and reli- • Cyber crime. venience. At the heart of the able ICT networks that are strategy is an understanding able to carry large volumes that, through the integration of digital data and informa- of digital data, citizens shall tion. The NBS is also expected be able to access Government to address shortage in mobile services at any locality, as broadband networks by well as online through their encouraging the prolifer- mobile phones and PCs. ation of third (3G) and fourth (4G) generation services in With the Electronic Com- rural areas. munications and Transaction Bill, 2013, the enabling legis- Spectrum Licensing Review lation for the development of Following the demand e-commerce is now in place. for more spectrum to support These e-transactions will broadband access, BOCRA Conclusion permeate people’s life styles carried out a spectrum review Unquestionably, Botswana extending to e-learning, e- to address Long Term Evolu- has done much in expediting health, e-government, etc. tion (LTE) licensing and the information communication need to release Fixed Wireless technology (ICT) develop- BOCRA launched in Octo- Access (FWA) Spectrum. Follow- ment countrywide. It has also ber 2013 the Country Code ing the consultation process, reduced to a considerable Top level Domain (ccTLD) or BOCRA is releasing the 1800 extent the cost of services .bw campaign to Batswana in MHZ band for the licensing towards improving afford- an effort to encourage greater of LTE and will open up the ability of ICT services. uptake of a proudly Botswana 3400 MHz band for FWA platform. By the end of March licensing through a compet- Despite the actual limi- 2014 the registry had 6,218 itive process. The service will tations it is only fair to say names distributed. be rolled out soon. that Botswana has recorded impressive growth in the The examples provided Universal Access telecommunication sector in above are just a represen- and Service Fund the last ten years. This was tative sample of initiatives In 2014, BOCRA initiated made possible through good that reflect the growing level the process of establishing a business environment and of domestic and interna- Universal Access and Service ICT regulatory policies created tional connectivity that is Fund. The Fund is expected by the government. beginning to emerge within to enhance the development Botswana. It is only fair to of the communications sector Affordable nationwide say that the implementa- in terms of infrastructure broadband connectivity will tion of the National ICT has rollout and overall provision act as a catalyst for the devel- started impacting the socio- of universal ICT services in opment of a digital-based economic development of the Botswana. economy by increasing infor- the country. mation and communications Challenges technology (ICT) literacy, sup- Latest developments Although the ICT sector porting national initiatives National Broadband in Botswana is growing fast, aimed at socio-economic Strategy notable challenges facing the development and increasing BOCRA has recently com- sector include: demand for investment in pleted the development of the • Lack of investment and complementary infrastruc- National Broadband Strategy. funding in ICTs; ture and industries. ■

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Energy: A development priority

Overview Electricity demand, which ated uncertainty over the avail- Although endowed with currently stands at around ability of power supply in the diverse energy sources, includ- 580MW at peak load, has been short to medium term. ing biomass, coal, coal-bed increasing by 6% per year in methane, uranium and solar, the last five years. The mining During the first half of Botswana’s energy sources sector alone accounts for 34% 2014, only 53.7% of the elec- remain largely untapped. of the total electricity demand. tricity consumed was generated in the country, the bal- The energy balance shows Botswana has long relied ance being imported mainly that commercial energy on imported power, mainly from South Africa. Power gen- sources (petroleum, electricity from South Africa’s Eskom, erated by Botswana came from and coal) currently account Electricidade de Moçambique the Morupule B power plant for about 75% of the net energy and Namibia’s Nampower, and two emergency genera- supply while biomass-based to meet demand, but supply tion facilities (160MW) run fuel, particularly fuel-wood has failed to keep pace with by Independent Power Pro- accounts for about 25%. Solar growing demand through- ducers (IPP). This has placed and other renewable energy out the Southern African the country in a precarious sources are hardly used. Power Pool. position of relying on imports Whereas the development while suffering power cuts. All refined petroleum of Morupule B Power Station products are imported, mostly (600MW) was expected to According to the Botswana from South Africa. The country transform the country from Power Corporation’s forecasts, consumes about 950 million being a net energy importer to the country’s peak electricity litres of petrol, diesel and illu- near self-sufficiency, continued demand is likely to reach minating paraffin per year. technical problems have cre- 900MW in 2020.

Annual Supply of Electricity in Mega Watts Hour (MWh) – Jan 2005 - June 2014

Year/ Electricity Electricity Electricity % Contribution of Utility Generated Imported Distributed Electricity Generated 2005 866,615 1,975,069 2,841,685 30,5 2006 794,271 2,206,951 3,001,223 26,5 2007 624,746 2,518,565 3,143,311 19,5 2008 587,286 2,727,938 3,315,223 17,7 2009 443,918 2,792,730 3,236,648 13,7 2010 456,972 3,088,080 3,545,052 12,9 Note: 2014* 2011 303,374 3,169,068 3,472,442 8,7 data is based 2012 703,213 2,999,797 3,703,010 19 on Q1 + Q2 only 2013 1,681,497 1,820,940 3,749,721 44,8 Source: Statistics 2014* 1,042,609 897,692 1,940,301 53,7 Botswana

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Access to Corporation (BPC) to secure expansion of the coal-fired electricity additional imports from dif- Morupule Power Station was Government’s commit- ferent sources such as Mozam- undertaken. The construc- ment to improve the liveli- bique and Namibia while tion of the US$ 1.6 billion hoods of Batswana has seen developing national emer- Morupule B coal-fired Power national access to electricity gency power supplies. Station Phase I project started growing tremendously over the last few years. This has been made possible by extending the grid infrastructure to rural areas as well as making electricity connections affordable through the Rural Electrification Collective Scheme (RECS).

To increase accessibility, the National Electricity Stan- dard Connection Cost of P5000 for new households was introduced in October 2010 through the establishment of the electricity levy. As at April 2014, the scheme had enabled 58,470 new households to connect to the national grid. Nationally, household access to electricity now stands at 70%, up from 27% in 2003 and within range of the 2016 target of 80%. The total num- To address national power in February 2010. Designed ber of electrified villages now supply shortages, an emer- to provide 600 MW of new stands at 373 out of an esti- gency solution comprising a capacity through four units mated total of 492 villages. total of 160MW of diesel-based of 150MW each, the facility emergency generation facil- missed its October 2012 dead- Power generation ities was implemented. The line and has been plagued capacity 70MW diesel-based rental by regular boiler leaks and Botswana, like many other facility near Matsiloje was generator failures leading to Southern African countries, put into operation in January rolling blackouts. has long relied on abundant 2010 and continues to per- and inexpensive electricity form successfully to alleviate The country continues to supplies from South Africa. shortfalls in electricity supply suffer setbacks in bringing Until January 2010, domestic and reducing the frequency the Morupule B Power Station electricity production capacity and extent of supply inter- fully online. Following numer- was limited to a single ageing ruptions (load-shedding). ous breakdowns in its com- coal-fired power station, The other project, comprising missioning, the Morupule B Morupule A (132MW). 90MW of dual fuel (diesel Power Station significantly and gas) generation in Orapa increased generation in the With increased electricity commenced operation in second quarter of 2014 but two demand in the Southern October 2011. The facility will units broke down in Septem- African region, the supply convert into CBM as soon as ber 2014 while the other two from South Africa gradually production comes on stream. failed the following month, reduced from 550MW in 2007 leaving the country depend- to 350 MW in 2012, with non- To further boost the coun- ent on power imports from firm purchase power agree- try’s power generation capacity South Africa’s already strained ment from 2013. This has and restore a healthy power grid until remedial work is forced the Botswana Power demand/supply balance the undertaken.

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With Morupule B capable South African Power Pool Coal-Bed Methane (CBM) of producing up to 600MW (SAPP) CBM is another possible when at full capacity, supple- Botswana is a member of source of energy. Several commented by plants at Orapa the Southern African Power panies are currently assess- and Matshelagabedi to meet Pool which role is to promote ing the extent of CBM in the spikes in demand, the country a forum for the development country and one IPP, Karoo should be able to cater for its of a world class, robust, safe, Sustainable Energy, has been domestic energy needs until efficient, reliable and stable awarded an Independent 2016 when new generation interconnected electrical sys- Power Producer (IPP) tender capacity will be required. tem in the region. The organ- for a 180MW power station isation is so far involved in from CBM gas that will soon building transmission lines be pumped from the Kalahari across Zimbabwe, Zambia, Karoo coalfields. The govern- Botswana and Namibia, a ment is also in the process of project that is widely known reviewing the Mines and Min- by the acronym, ZIZABONA. erals Act to better cater for the development of CBM as well Sources of energy as additional legislation to Coal facilitate the development of Although Botswana has an a downstream gas industry. estimated 212 billion tonnes Botswana is estimated to of coal deposits in various loca- contain enough recoverable tions, only Morupule Colliery gas to produce 30,000 MW Limited (MCL) mines the of power for 30 years. reserves mostly for electricity generation. Petroleum Botswana has no known Given the abundance of conventional oil reserves the resource, several compa- and no upstream oil industry nies have expressed interests though petroleum explora- to open new coal mines for tion licensing were recently both local use and exports in granted to several compa- order to meet the ever grow- nies. All petroleum products ing demand. Proven coal are therefore imported in To ensure medium to long reserves have the potential their refined form. The down- term security of power supply, the government is in the process of procuring Independ- ent Power Producers for the construction of an additional 300MW from a Brownfield site at Morupule B site as well as 300MW from a Greenfield site. The old Morupule A power station, which was put on care and maintenance in August 2012, is also being refurbished and should return to service towards the end of 2015. The construction of these addi- for generating over 4,000MW stream industry is important tional power plants along of electricity. However, the as oil-derived products supply with the revamping of Moru- challenging reality of infra- over 60% of Botswana’s com- pule A over the next few structure logistic constraints mercial energy needs. Mostly years will give the country continues to raise questions consumed by the transport the capacity to ultimately over the timescale within sector, fuel is also used to run become a net exporter rather which these coal reserves can two emergency generation than importer of electricity. be commercialized. facilities.

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In order to improve the energy such as biogas and is expected to reach 7,500 country’s security of supply biofuels. Currently, there is no litres per day. BCL Ltd. has for fuel, the government has significant production except already committed to sign a established a national oil for use of biogas by very few fuel purchase agreement for company and is currently companies. all power and fuel produced expanding the storage capac- by the plant. ity of its strategic oil depot at With the assistance of the Tshele Hills to 150 million Japan International Cooper- Solar litres of fuel. Upon completion, ation Agency (JICA), Botswana Although its contribution the facility will increase strate- is currently doing a research to the national energy supply gic stocks from the current on jatropha production despite is insignificant, solar energy 18 days to 60 days. The coun- some challenges in the grow- is one of the most promising try is also developing alter- ing conditions. The research renewable energy sources in native supply routes through project is part of a grand plan Botswana. Botswana receives Mozambique, Namibia, and to set up a jatropha oil seed- over 3200 hours of sunshine Zimbabwe to supplement fed processing plant that will per year, with an average insu- the traditional supply route produce 50 million litre per lation on horizontal surface through South Africa, from year of biodiesel to help reduce of 21MJ/m2, (one of the highest where 80% of fuel needs are the country’s dependence on in the world). This leaves the currently imported. oil imports and to curb green- land with abundant potential house gas emissions while for future development. Fuel-wood creating job opportunities. Botswana has a dry environment with scrub savannas Waste-to-energy across the country, especially The first and only facility the eastern side. These provide of its kind in the entire coun- available biomass energy in try, the Biodiesel Botswana the form of firewood resources. plant has been recycling Although a majority of rural waste cooking oil to produce With Japanese assistance, households continue to use biodiesel for the past seven a P84 million 1.3 MW photo- fuel-wood as the main and years. The facility produces voltaic power station pilot convenient source of energy 24,000 litres of biodiesel a project in Phakalane was there is evidence that the pro- month, a bulk of which is sold officially opened in August portion has reduced over time to Lobatse Clayworks and 2012. A bankable feasibility due to a switch to commer- Asphalt Botswana. In July study for the development of cial energy sources such as 2012, Biodiesel Botswana a 100MW Concentrated Solar liquified petroleum gas (LPG) submitted an expression of Thermal Power Station was and kerosene. This is mainly interest in response to a request completed in March 2013. On due to an increase in income, by MMEWR for biodiesel pro- a smaller scale, the uptake scarcity of fuel-wood and plans duction from animal fat from of solar home systems and to preserve the resources. government abattoirs. efficient wood stoves continues to be promoted by BPC Lesedi Bio energy W2 Energy is developing (Pty). A renewable energy feed Botswana has consider- of a Coal/Waste to Liquid in tariff that obligates BPC to able resources of wet biomass, prototype plant capable of purchase electricity produced residues and selected energy producing synthetic fuel in from renewable energy sources crops that can be exploited Selebi-Phikwe. Production at cost-reflective prices was to provide modern biomass from the US$ 5 million plant also approved in June 2012.

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Management • A national oil company, renewable energy sources, of the Sector Botswana Oil Limited, ensures and reduce dependency on The Department of Energy security of supply of petro- petroleum imports. Through Affairs, which is under the Min- leum products. these strategies, all house- istry of Minerals Energy and • Multinational Oil Compa- holds should be supplied Water Resources (MMEWR), nies offer direct procurement, with enough energy and the is tasked with the formula- supply and distribution of supply should be secure. tion, direction and coordina- petroleum products. tion of the national energy The government is cur- policy. The Department was Government Policy rently crafting a National established in 1984 as the focal on the Sector Energy Policy, which outlines point of all energy related The development of the new strategies and highlights matters. Its mission is to facil- energy policy is guided by the need for renewable ener- itate availability of efficient, national development goals. gies to be integrated into the reliable and affordable energy These are stipulated in Vision power sector. The Energy Policy services to customers and 2016 and the National Devel- is expected to be finalized and stakeholders in an environ- opment Plan 10. The Botswana be ready for approval by 2015. mentally sustainable manner. Energy Master Plan 2004 also contains energy policies that Conclusion The department has also address contemporary devel- Although the power sec- responsibility for the issuance opment issues. tor has been facing great chal- of licenses for the generation lenges in meeting the demand and supply of electricity. It over- The overall policy goal for for reliable energy services, sees Botswana Power Corpo- the energy sector is to ensure the outlook is broadly positive. ration (BPC), a vertically inte- that diverse energy resources, With the Morupule B power grated electricity utility that in sustainable quantities and station fully operational, serves a customer base of more at affordable prices are avail- energy supply is expected to than 320,000. Regional short- able to the economy in sup- return to normal. Boosted by ages have also opened the way port of economic develop- the inception of new thermal for IPPs within Botswana, for ment and poverty alleviation power stations in the medium example for sales to BPC or objectives. term, Botswana should soon via the South African Power Pool (SAPP) to the region.

Other ministries, parastatals and private companies also share responsibilities:

• The Ministry of Environ- ment, Wildlife and Tourism (MEWT) gives direction and caution in environmental issues that may impact the environment negatively. • The Ministry of Education Strategies are aimed at turn into a net exporter of elec- and Skills Development (MESD) supply of energy at mini- tricity. It is also expected that and Ministry of Local Govern- mum costs, utilising energy private sector participation ment (MLG) are responsible resources sustainably, reducing will contribute to the diversifi- for off-grid power supply, and reliance on imported energy cation of the energy sector and installation and maintenance and encouraging energy sav- overall development of energy of solar energy equipment in ings and conservations. To related issues. However, there government institutions. achieve these, efforts are being are fears that increased power • The Botswana Institute for made to develop the infra- production from coal sources Technology Research and structure for electricity gen- might reduce focus on alter- Innovation develops, tests eration and transmission, native energy technologies and disseminates renewable conserve energy and manage ■ energy technologies. demands, promote new and

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BOTSWANA Water: A precious resource

With no perennial rivers under its full control, decreased yields of some boreholes and dam evaporation rates accel- erating with global warming, Botswana has perilously few water resources to meet ordi- nary demand and is likely to be one of the first countries to face water shortages in the world.

Stringent water management, water conservation (including recycling) and looking for alternative sources are national priorities.

Water demand Introduction the past two rainy seasons The annual water con- Botswana is poorly endowed and the subsequent drought sumption is estimated to be with water resources, as char- occurrence, coupled with around 200 Mm3 per annum. acterised by erratic rainfall unsustainable water use, the Self-providers (mostly mines and frequent severe drought water supply situation has and boreholes owners) cur- conditions, coupled with drastically deteriorated. During rently account for half of the unfavourable topography in the better part of 2014, the supply, the balance coming terms of source development capital city, Gaborone, and from the sole water service and utilisation. The provision surrounding areas experi- provider. Agriculture, house- of affordable water to settle- enced acute water shortage. hold and mining sectors are ments, villages, townships This resulted in water rationing the largest water consumers, and cities across the country as dam levels in the southern accounting for 44%, 35% and is therefore a major challenge. part of the country reached 20% of total consumption, a low of 6% in November respectively. The largest water Owing to the generally 2014 (equivalent to less than demand within eastern Bots- below average rainfall expe- 2 months of supply without wana is exerted by Gaborone rienced in the country during inflow). and its environs.

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Sources of water Nine major dams supply Scheme, which has had relia- The country is supplied surface water to townships bility challenges since com- with both surface and ground- and cities across the country. missioning in 2000. water and the three main They include: water sources in Botswana are • Gaborone (141.4 Mm3), Abstraction and water dams, rivers and boreholes. The • Shashe (85 Mm3), transfer from the Chobe use of groundwater remains • Letsibogo (100 Mm3), Zambezi is considered the important (56%) but its share • Nnywane (2.3 Mm3), only large-scale water sup- has recently declined due to • Bokaa (18.5 Mm3), ply option beyond 2025. the construction of new dams. • Ntimbale (26.5 Mm3), Surface water accounts for 90% • Lotsane (42.3 Mm3), Groundwater Resources of the total supply of water in • Dikgatlong (400 Mm3), and Groundwater collects in urban areas such as Gaborone. • Thune (90 Mm3). aquifers, and is abstracted through well fields, mostly for use in villages, mines, power plants, and irrigation; individual boreholes serve the livestock sector as well as small villages. Only a small part of the groundwater resources can be economically abstracted due to high abstraction costs, low yields and remoteness of aquifers in relation to consumer centres. Major issues are the rate of groundwater replenishment relative to the rate of extraction, and its quality. Groundwater recharge is virtually zero in western Botswana, rising to 40 mm in the north. Wastewater is hardly used Their combined storage although efforts are being capacity stands at 906 Mm3, The developed water undertaken to increase the enabling the country to poten- resource from the different capacity of wastewater treat- tially yield close to 146 Mm3 well fields in the country is ment works. of water per annum. In addi- approximately 48 Mm3 per tion to domestic dams, Bots- annum although the poten- Surface Water wana has an annual water tial yields from groundwater Botswana surface water quota of 7.3 Mm3 from the resources are estimated at 96 resources are restricted to Molatedi dam in South Africa Mm3 per annum. ephemeral and perennial (reduced when the dam level rivers and water stored in is low). The water supply system reservoirs. for rural villages in north- Besides serving the gen- eastern and central part of There are only three peren- eral public, the dams provide Botswana is mainly based nial rivers namely Chobe, water for power generation, on boreholes, which exploit Zambezi and Okavango Rivers irrigation and other com- deep fractured aquifers. These and they are all situated in mercial activities. However, sources are strained due to the north of the country, while these dams, some of them higher demand from var- most people live in south recently built, require costly ious users. eastern Botswana in and water transfer systems. The around Gaborone. The rest of government is therefore fast- Communal standpipes the rivers are ephemeral. How- tracking development of new have been the main source of ever, ephemeral rivers are infrastructures to augment household water in the rural important in that they pro- and reinforce the existing areas of Botswana. The exces- vide locations for dam sites. North South Water Carrier sive amount of water wastage

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from this water source has been a major concern of government in recent years. The government therefore decided to install prepaid water meters in major villages and rural communities across the country in an attempt to reduce wastage of water.

Access to safe water and Sanitation Botswana has made com- mendable efforts in the provision of water supply for its people. It is estimated that nearly 100% of the people in the urban areas and 90% of those in the rural areas have access to clean water. The situation is less favourable in terms of sanitation services. While 64% of the population has access to improved sanitation facilities, it is also known that nearly 17% of the population has no form of sanitation at all.

Water service delivery In the recent past, water and sanitation services were provided by a variety of agencies – The Water Utilities Cor- poration (WUC) in urban areas, the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) in large villages, and District Councils (DCs) in small villages. DWA was also responsible for water resources management, while DCs managed wastewater.

Under the Water Sector Reforms exercise, the government has made the distribution of water to be wholly the responsibility of WUC whilst DWA will continue to serve as a provider for the water by developing water infrastructure in suitable areas before handing them over to WUC for supplies. A total of 540 villages were transferred from DWA and DCs to WUC between May 2009 and April 2013.

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final responsibility for allocating water rights through the Water Appointment Board (WAB), whose powers are drawn from the Water Act of 1968. Water resources management is the responsibility of the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) while water service provision as well as wastewater treatment and management throughout the country are the responsibility of Water Utilities Corporation (WUC). Following an exercise to rationalise the tariffs, a new tariff structure was adopted in June 2013. WUC uses a tariff structure whereby the first 5m3 per month are supplied at a very low tariff rate; and subsequently increases as consumption increases. Water tariffs vary in different parts of the country, mostly due to differences in transport and corporation infrastructures. Gaborone has the highest tariffs due to the high transport costs. Rural water tariffs plan has integrated all sectors Dams around the country are lower than the urban ones, and it is hoped that through are under the administration as they primarily aim to appropriate and efficient of WUC, as well as the North recover the operational costs. water resources management, South Water Carrier Scheme development and utilisation, consisting of a 435 km-long Policy Botswana will be able to ele- pipeline, water treatment framework vate agricultural production plants and associated pump Guided by the Water Act and food security, expand the stations. of 1968, Borehole Act of 1956, number of people accessing Water works Act of 1962 and potable water and proper san- Other ministries, govern- its amendment in 1983, and itation, increase and improve ment and parastatal insti- the Water Utilities Act of 1970 water delivery services, and tutions are responsible for and its amendment of 1978, as a result diversify the econ- coordinating several activ- the first National Water Master omy. The plan is to serve as an ities in the water sector. These Plan (NWMP) was completed implementation instrument include Department of Geolog- in 1991 and reviewed in 2006. for the National Water and ical Survey (DGS), the Depart- In addition to the Master Plan, Waste Water Policy which is ment of Local Government Botswana has a National before Parliament. and Development (DLGD), Water Conservation Policy. Local Authorities, The Min- Management istry of Agriculture (MOA), Botswana has developed of the sector and the Department of Waste a dynamic Integrated Water The water resources belong Water Management and Pol- Resources Management and to and are controlled by the lution Control (DWWMPC). Water Efficiency Plan (IWRM state, under the responsibility The responsibility of the pri- WE) in line with internation- of the Ministry of Minerals, vate organisations and public ally recommended indicators. Energy and Water Resources involves water use, protec- Published in May 2013, the (MEWR). The state has the tion and conservation.

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An independent Water of the project include exten- to augment water supply in Resources Board with over- sion of break pressure tanks, some parts of Kgalagadi region all responsibility for over- construction of a raw water and Southern Botswana. seeing and allocating water storage reservoir, upgrading resources, as well as a Water of pumping station and trans- Challenges and Energy Regulator, which fer links, construction of a new • High variability of annual will be responsible for service pumping station and exten- run-off related to highly standards are set to be created. sion of water treatment works. variable rainfall patterns, The NSC2 pipeline which will limiting the safe yields of Latest developments run parallel to the existing dams; Economic improvements NSC pipeline up to Gaborone • High water loss from the and growth in the population is expected to be completed reservoirs; of Botswana puts pressure by 2016. Other areas such as • Lack of suitable sites to fur- on water resources and infra- Kanye will also be added to ther expand the water infrastructure. The current water this water network. structure especially building demand of about 200 Mm3 new dams; per annum is projected to In a bid to provide more • Limited groundwater re- reach 286 Mm3 by 2030. This sustainable sources of water sources with high variations therefore means Botswana in the future, the government in recharge rates coupled with has to develop water infra- remains committed to ulti- salinity problems; structure to be able to meet mately drawing water from • Escalating domestic, urban current and future demands the Chobe/Zambezi River and peri-urban water demand for water. system, from which Botswana and high water losses; can take up to 495Mm3 per • Contamination of water In order to improve the annum. The design of the sources; water supply situation, the main water conveyance pipe- • Uncertainty in water resource government has embarked line from Chobe/Zambezi to management caused by cli- on the second phase of the the Zambezi Integrated Agro- mate change. North South Carrier Water Commercial Development Scheme (NSC2) aimed at Project at Pandamatenga was Conclusion completing a water transfer completed in October 2013 With water remaining strategy that feeds on various and construction is expected scarce, the government con- dams, existing or newly built. to commence in 2015. In the tinues to make plans to meet A 75 km-long water pipeline longer term this share of water all the requirements for the with a water transfer capacity is expected to play a key role whole population through of 45Mm3 per annum con- in meeting Botswana’s post the provision of reliable, and necting Dikgatlhong dam to 2025 demand via the NSC. affordable potable water with sufficient quantity and adequate pressure. Through extensive education and awareness campaigns, plans to conserve water are yielding results.

In addition, the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources has improved water service delivery by focusing different tasks and services to several departments, to create clarity and avoid confusion through duplication the NSC1 at Moralane was The government is also of tasks. This was made pos- completed in early 2014 at exploring the option of sourc- sible through the creation of a cost of P 1.3 billion, while ing water from the Lesotho several policies and strategies the NSC2 pipeline to Palapye Highland Water Programme in line with the provision of (88 km) is still under construc- via a pipeline in partnership safe clean water for everyone tion. Other major components with Lesotho and South Africa in Botswana. ■

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BOTSWANA

Health: Caring for the nation

Introduction Botswana boasts an envi- able health care system with high levels of access, even for the sparsely populated rural areas. It has functioning systems to manage this network of health facilities and also a functioning pharmaceu- tical procurement and distribution system that has been strong enough to cope with the very considerable increased demands placed on it by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. the health status of citizens, The donor share in gov- The government is doing according to the country’s ernment financing of health all it can to make sure that the vision 2016. care was 16%. Grants from health sector meets global international agencies have standards and that all Bats- Health financing provided a helping hand in wana have access to health Health services are financed the fight against commu- services. This has been a fea- through a mix of government nicable diseases, especially ture since independence with funding, mainly through malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuber- Botswana moving from a general taxation, households culosis, in the improvement Least Developed Country, funding through direct out- of the health system at large. with very poor health status of-pocket payments for med- indicators and very limited ical goods and services, pri- A nominal cost recovery health infrastructure to an vate insurance (medical aid system is in place for services Upper Middle Income Country schemes) premiums and co- in the public facilities, with with a wide network of health payments, donor funding exemption for vulnerable infrastructure and health through bilateral and mul- population. Services such are services that are considered tilateral agreements, and ART services are offered free amongst the best in Sub- employer funding through to citizens. Saharan Africa. medical coverage for private health insurance and pro- Management of the sector Despite the significant vision of workplace health The Ministry of Health is progress there still remain services for employees. mandated with the overall some challenges. Among oversight and delivery of them are the costs of care According to the WHO health services for Batswana. and the shortage of human National Health Accounts It is responsible for the for- resources. Botswana has, there- Report, the government con- mulation of policies, regula- fore, undertaken an exten- tributed about 56% of Total tion and norms, standards sive restructuring exercise to Health Expenditure (THE) in and guidelines of the health promote a sustained process 2012, which represented about services. It is also a major of health sector reforms, with 9% of total government bud- provider of health services a view to improve the func- get. The total health expen- through a wide range of health tioning and performance of diture per capita was esti- facilities and management the health sector and improve mated at US$385. structures.

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BOTSWANA

Selected indicators (2012)

Regional Global Country average average

Total population (thousands) 2 004 - -

Population living in urban areas (%) 62 39 53

Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $) 16 060 2 594 12 018 General Total fertility rate (per woman) 2.7 5 2.5

Life expectancy at birth (years) Both sexes 62 58 70

Life expectancy at age 60 (years) Both sexes 18 17 20

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) Both sexes 53 50 62

Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Both sexes 53 95 48

Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between Male 370 343 187 15 and 60 years per 1000 population) Female 327 298 124

Maternal mortality ratio* (per 100 000 live births) 170 500 210 Source: World Health

Mortality and morbidity Prevalence of HIV (per 100 000 population) 16 850 2 774 511 Organisation Incidence of malaria (per 100 000 population) 30 18 579 3 752 2013.

Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population) 343 303 169 *Data refers to 2013.

Health services access The public sector is the pre- 3 referral hospitals, 14 district and delivery dominant provider of health hospitals, 17 primary hospi- From a very low base at care services in Botswana, tals, 277 clinics, 338 health the time of Independence, the with more than 80% of the posts and 844 mobile stops. government policy to improve people receiving care from It is through these structures access to health facilities for public facilities and pro- that a complement of preven- the population was success- grammes. The public health tive, promotive and rehabil- fully implemented, with 84% care delivery system, which itative health services as well of the population now living is arguably one of the best as treatment and care of com- within a 5 km radius of the in Africa, is based on the mon problems are provided. nearest health facility and a principles of Primary Health further 11% living between Care Model. The Ministry of There is also a strong 5 and 8 km. Provision of Health provides delivery of private health sector in the healthcare is now delivered public health care services country. The mining sector through an extensive network to all Botswana nationals runs three hospitals for its of health facilities. within a current network of employees, two of which also provide medical services to the surrounding population and there are two private hospitals in Gaborone. In addition, there are three hospitals run by faith-based organisations and 167 private medical clinics countrywide.

The workforce in Bots- wana, both from the private sector and public serv-

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO If you AND your partner have no other partners while you are together, you can BREAK THE CHAIN of HIV transmission.

of sexual partners and HIV infections BOTSWANA

ice has access to health care dents graduated in 2014 with 10,000 of population which through employer medical a Bachelor of Medicine and translates into 40 physicians aid contributions. Surgery degree. The School has per 100,000 of population. also initiated 7 post-graduate The nursing and midwifery Human resources programmes in Master of personnel density (per 10,000 Despite government’s Medicine; these include Inter- population) is estimated at efforts in increasing the capac- nal Medicine; Pathology; 28 while the density for other ities of health training insti- Paediatrics and Adolescent health service providers is 5. tutions, shortage of trained and qualified staff remains one of the major bottlenecks in health improvement as it is a cross-cutting issue that influences the delivery of services. There are also increasing demands on the already over-stretched skilled workforce as a result of the additional programmes and projects due to the dynamics and advances in health/medical field, and changing country disease profile.

The training of health care professionals is provided by a combination of in-country and out-of-country institutions, with heavy reliance on out- of-country arrangements.

Locally, there are six basic Higher Diploma programmes and six post basic Diploma programmes offered in the eight Institutes of Health Sciences that currently exist. Basic programmes are; General Nurs- ing, Medical Laboratory Tech- nology, Pharmacy Technology, Dental Therapy, Health Educa- tion as well as Environmental Health and Post Basic pro- Health; Family Medicine; Although this exceeds the The new grammes include; Midwifery, Emergency Medicine; Anaes- minimum WHO requirement, medical school. Family Nurse Practice, Psychi- thesia and Critical Care; and the current pressure on the atric Mental Health Nursing, Public Health. From the end public health system amplifies Nurse Anesthesia, Commu- of 2014 the Faculty will be the need for more physicians nity Health Nursing and supported by a 450 bed Aca- to offer essential services. Ophthalmic Nursing. demic Teaching Hospital on the UB campus. To address the issue, a In addition, a Medical National Human Resources School was established under Due to the limited pro- for Health Strategic Plan has the Faculty of Health Sciences duction of skilled health pro- recently been developed to at the University of Botswana fessionals a large number of ensure streamlined human (UB). The school enrolled expatriates are deployed in the resource management and the first group of students in health sector. The physician to strengthen links among August, 2009 and 34 stu- density is estimated at 4 per stakeholders at all levels in

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the health sector. The strategy non-communicable diseases, over 40% to less than 3%, includes enhanced health namely, hypertension, cancers due to successful PMTCT pro- worker education and train- and diabetes. Oral health, gramme. However, the HIV/ ing, and the development of mental health, injuries and AIDS disease burden and its human resources information disabilities are also becoming impact on health systems and systems that enable data col- problems. The major challenge national development in lection from all districts. is to get a clear understanding general are still immense. For of the magnitude and types example, the last two decades Major disease problems of these diseases and to begin saw a resurgence of TB related Health in general and HIV/ to systematically address them to HIV co-infection as well as AIDS in particular are exerting at national and community the deterioration of the TB pro- a considerable impact on the levels as priority areas in the gramme performance indi- social and economic fronts of national health agenda. cators, complicated recently life in Botswana. In addition, by the emergence of drug there are emerging health The comprehensive pro- resistant TB. problems such as drug resist- gramme approach, and inte- ance TB and non-communi- grated service delivery appro- Latest Developments cable diseases. aches, used in the National Hospital service standards Strategic Frameworks for HIV/ are being raised through inter- A number of malaria con- AIDS in Botswana is paying national accreditation. Eleven trol interventions have been dividends as the prevalence of facilities have already been implemented over the years HIV has dropped to 16.9% in accredited and all the other but challenges still remain in 2013 from 17.1% in 2004 and health facilities that have been achieving the coverage targets 17.6% in 2008 with adjusted enrolled in the accreditation project will soon achieve the necessary standards.

Health districts around the country have reorganised their operations to offer special access in health facilities to those with special needs such as the elderly and the disabled.

To address gaps in emergency medical care, Botswana has established a call centre in Gaborone where emergency calls are routed and ambulances dispatched from a central point. Similar cen- for pregnant women and chil- incidence reducing from 1.5% tres have now been estab- dren under five. Botswana’s in 2008 to 1.35% in 2013; the lished in Mahalapye and aim is to move from malaria coverage of essential HIV/AIDS Francistown. control to elimination by 2015. treatment, care and support services such as ART, PMTCT, The transformation of Maternal mortality related HIV testing and counseling, Central Medical Stores has to complications of child- food baskets for orphans and resulted in continued improve- birth and cervical cancer is vulnerable children have all ment in delivery. As of August still high. In addition, there exceeded 90%. There are indi- 2013, the average availability are gaps in terms of reaching cations that mortality due to of vital, essential and neces- all children with the child HIV/AIDS has declined since sary medicines at Govern- health services. the introduction of Highly ment health facilities was Active Antiretroviral Therapy 74%, while the availability Another key observation (HAART) and that the HIV of laboratory supplies at Cen- is that in recent years there transmission from mother to tral Medical Stores stood at has been a steady increase in child is down from estimated 100%. Efforts to improve access

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to quality medicines include The revised National Health the decentralisation of dis- Policy was launched in April pensing of specialist medicines 2012. It covers six building to clinics. So far, 10 clinics in blocks as recommended by the Greater Gaborone Health the World Health Organisa- District have been authorised tion which comprise human to keep and dispense some resources for health, financing, specialist drugs that have up medicines, vaccines, health to now only been available information management in Princess Marina Hospital system, leadership and gov- pharmacy. Government is also ernance and health service piloting the engagement of delivery. Health financing, private pharmacies for the whose goal is to raise and dispensing of chronic med- allocate sufficient resources ications to Government spon- and put in place appropriate Conclusion sored patients, which to date payment mechanisms, has The government of Bots- has serviced more than 3,000 become a priority area. This wana has greatly improved individuals. would ensure that all people access to health care services

ICTs have been recently living in Botswana have access in the past years, through con- undertaken to revive the paper- to a range of cost effective sistent investment. It has also based manual filing proce- health interventions at an implemented various success- dures in hospitals. The rolling affordable price regardless ful policies and initiatives that out of the Integrated Patient of their status. The revised helped diminish or reverse Management System (IPMS) Health Policy also provides effects of the most critical technology in major hospitals for the separation of regula- health related problems such is one of the moves that mark tion, inspection, and imple- as HIV/AIDS and TB. It is a new era in the way health mentation roles within the now hoped that the effective care services are being offered. health sector. It further pro- implementation of the new The government has also vides for the establishment health related strategies and begun onsite registration of of a National Health Council policies in line with the coun- births and deaths, at a num- to give strategic guidance and try’s National Development ber of health facilities, and is oversight, while also making Plan 10 would further foster rolling out the service to other provision for the contributions affordable, equitable and sus- health facilities throughout of non-health sector stake- tainable quality healthcare. the country. holders in promoting wellness. ■

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BOTSWANA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR UNESCO List of Advertisers

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ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTORS …………………………………………………….. 192 UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA …………………………………………. 28 - 224

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Head Office P/Bag 00392 Gaborone, Botswana BNPC PROGRAMMES ACCREDITED BY Plot 21222, Giraffe Road BOTSWANA QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY (BQA): Tel: (267) 3626300 Fax: (267) 3913501, 3906390 SERVICE QUALITY E-mail: [email protected] • Effective Customer Service • Telephone Etiquette • Leading Organisations Towards Customer Focus Francistown Office • Feelings P/Bag 00392 P/Bag T2 • Leading Empowered Teams for Service Quality Tatitown, Botswana Plot 9597, Off Thapama Traffic Circle INDUSTRIAL HOUSEKEEPING • Improving Productivity for Competitiveness Bank of Botswana Building (1st Floor) • Kaizen and 5S Tel: (267) 2415808 / 500 Fax: (267) 2416101 PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY AWARENESS CREATION E-mail: [email protected] • Enrolling organizations into Excellence