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Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights In Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights the combined analytical efforts of the fields of human rights law, conflict studies, anthropology, history, media studies, gender studies, and critical race and postcolonial studies raise a comprehensive understanding of the discursive and visual mediation of migration and manifestations of belonging and citizenship. More insight into the convergence – but also the tensions – between the cultural and the legal foundations of citizenship, has proven to be vital to the understanding of societies past and present, especially to assess processes of inclusion and exclusion. Citizenship is more than a collection of rights and privileges held by the individual members of a state but involves cultural and historical interpretations, legal contestation and regulation, as well as an active engagement with national, regional, and local state and other institutions about the boundaries of those (implicitly gendered and raced) rights and privileges. Highlighting and assessing the transformations of what citizenship entails today is crucially important to the future of Europe, which both as an idea and as a practical project faces challenges that range from the crisis of legitimacy to the problems posed by mass migration. Many of the issues addressed in this book, however, also play out in other parts of the world, as several of the chapters reflect. Rosemarie Buikema is Professor of Art, Culture and Diversity at Utrecht University and Chair of its Graduate Gender Programme. Antoine Buyse is Professor of Human Rights in a Multidisciplinary Perspective and Director of the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM) at Utrecht University. Antonius C.G.M. Robben is Professor of Anthropology at Utrecht University. Routledge Advances in Sociology Globalization, Modernity and the Rise of Religious Fundamentalism The Challenge of Religious Resurgence against the “End of History” (A Dialectical Kaleidoscopic Analysis) Dimitrios Methenitis Urban Environments for Healthy Ageing A Global Perspective Edited by Anna P. Lane Conflict and the Social Bond Peace in Modern Societies Michalis Lianos Boundaries of European Social Citizenship EU Citizens’ Transnational Social Security in Regulations, Discourses and Experiences Edited by Anna Amelina, Elisabeth Scheibelhofer, Ann Runfors, Emma Carmel Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights Edited by Rosemarie Buikema, Antoine Buyse, Antonius C.G.M. Robben Regional Cultures, Economies, and Creativity Innovating Through Place in Australia and Beyond Edited by Ariella Van Luyn and Eduardo de la Fuente Care, Power, Information For the Love of BluesCollarship in the Age of Digital Culture, Bioeconomy, and (Post-)Trumpism Alexander I. Stingl For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-Advances-in-Sociology/book-series/SE0511 Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights Edited by Rosemarie Buikema, Antoine Buyse and Antonius C.G.M. Robben First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Rosemarie Buikema, Antoine Buyse and Antonius C.G.M. Robben; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Rosemarie Buikema, Antoine Buyse and Antonius C.G.M. Robben to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www. taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-367-18561-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-19858-8 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 ROSEMARIE BUIKEMA, ANTOINE BUYSE AND ANTONIUS C.G.M. ROBBEN PART I Mediation 9 1 Persistent looking in the space of appearance #BlackLivesMatter 11 NICHOLAS MIRZOEFF 2 Community media makers and the mediation of difference: claiming citizenship and belongingness 31 LOLA DE KONING, ELAINE NOLTEN AND KOEN LEURS 3 “On this path to Europe” – the symbolic role of the ‘Balkan corridor’ in the European migration debate 49 MILICA TRAKILOVIĆ 4 Recycling the Christian past: the heritagization of Christianity and national identity in the Netherlands 64 BIRGIT MEYER vi Contents PART II Sovereignty 89 5 Love and sovereignty: an exploration of the struggle for new beginnings 91 GREGORY FELDMAN 6 Postsecular pacification: pentecostalism and military urbanism in Rio de Janeiro 104 MARTIJN OOSTERBAAN AND CARLY MACHADO 7 Cities of refuge: rights, culture and the creation of cosmopolitan cityzenship 121 BARBARA OOMEN 8 Deepening and widening of the protection of fundamental rights of European citizens vis-à-vis non-state, private actors 137 HANNEKE VAN EIJKEN AND SYBE DE VRIES PART III Contestation 159 9 Looking back, looking forward: citizenship, contestation, and a new compact for child and youth mobility? 161 JACQUELINE BHABHA 10 In search of new narratives: the role of cultural norms and actors in addressing human rights contestation 175 JULIE FRASER 11 Contested cultural citizenship of a virtual transnational community: structural impediments for women to participate in the Republic of Letters (1400–1800) 196 DIRK VAN MIERT 12 The art of dissent: Ai Weiwei, rebel with a cause 215 SANDRA PONZANESI Editors 237 Index 241 Figures 1.1 St Louis Police Department (08/09/14) 16 1.2 Redacted still from Laquan McDonald dash cam video 22 1.3 Redacted still from Sandra Bland dash cam video 23 1.4 Redacted still from Philip Coleman CCTV video 24 1.5 Redacted still from Diamond Reynolds’ Facebook Live post (07/06/2016) 25 1.6 Redacted still from Diamond Reynolds’ Facebook Live post (07/06/2016) 26 4.1 Crosses 66 4.2 Crucifix at Van Dijk & Co, Amsterdam 67 4.3 Jesus with tropical helmet and type-writer, Van Dijk & Co, Amsterdam 73 4.4 Pieta, Van Dijk & Co, Amsterdam 74 4.5 Spijkermadonna-1 (1967) by Jacques Frenken 77 4.6 Jan Tregot De Laatste Dagen, 2016/2017, Arduin, plaster, maple wood, jatoba wood, stainless steel, leather, oil paint. 90.5 × 88 × 60 cm. Painted by Erik van de Beek. Foto Anton Houtappels 80 12.1 Photographed by Gao Yuan for Ai Weiwei Studio 224 12.2 Ai Weiwei, Human Flow, Palestinian girls from Gaza for Ai WeiWei Studio 226 12.3 Ai Weiwei, Gilded Cage, 2017. Mild steel, paint 229 Tables 2.1 Overview of interviewees and media outlets they represent 33 7.1 Domains of divergence in local migration policies 126 Acknowledgments If blog posts are the sprints of academia, then edited books are the marathons. Anyone who has been involved in them knows that they are projects for the long haul. It requires not just a conviction that a project is worthwhile and exciting but also convincing power and perseverance to keep all those involved on board all along the journey. This is all the more the case for a multidisciplinary volume that spans very different types of research, methodologies, and research traditions. We are therefore very happy that this book has reached the safe harbor of publication and will hopefully inspire many of its readers to look across the boundaries of disciplines. We wholeheartedly thank all contributing authors for having made this journey possible. This book was born out of our own long-standing cooperation in the research focus area “Cultures, Citizenship and Human Rights” at Utrecht University. It is one of the initiatives in which the university sought to foster cooperation in research, in this case between the faculties of the humanities; the social sciences; and law, economics, and governance. We are very grateful to the university for enabling us to foster and fund many of the initiatives that different generations of researchers proposed over the last five years. It yielded many books, articles, workshops, and conferences, including the one from which the current book evolved. We would like to thank our publisher, Routledge, for embarking upon this adventure of a multidisciplinary volume with us and for the trust that we would bring this project to fruition. In spite of all the talk that multidisciplinary and even interdisciplinary work is the future, research review often still tends to get stuck within separate disciplines. It is a testimony to our publisher’s open mind that it welcomed and accepted our idea for this volume. And it is not just about open minds but also about open access. We are proud that this entire book will be avail- able online in open access, enabling researchers across the globe, irrespective of financial resources, to access the knowledge encapsulated in it. There is one person in particular that we would like to thank. Without her this book would not exist: Simone Jobig. She has been the most effective, organized, and kind research assistant we could have wished for. Not only has she supported the research focus area as a whole for several years, she has been instrumental in x Acknowledgments keeping this book project going, from planning, language editing, contacts with the publisher and authors to, most importantly, keeping the three of us on track to deliver. It has been a pleasure to work with her and we have no doubt that she has a bright future ahead. Thank you so much, Simone! One of the most gratifying initiatives that sprung forth from “Cultures, Citizen- ship and Human Rights” is the cooperation set up by and among promising PhD researchers from the different faculties.
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