Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae
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(Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All PIRU Publications Pollinating Insects Research Unit 1960 The Biology of Heterostylum rubustum (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee George E. Bohart Utah State University W. P. Stephen R. K. Eppley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Bohart, G. E., W. P. Stephen, and R. K. Eppley. 1960. The Biology of Heterostylum rubustum (Diptera: Bombyliidae), a Parasite of the Alkali Bee. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 53(3): 425-435. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pollinating Insects Research Unit at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All PIRU Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ( Reprinted from fu'<NALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF rumRJCA Vol. 53, No. 3, May, 1960 THE BIOLOGY OF HETEROSTYLUM ROBUSTUM (DIPTERA: BOMBYLIIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE ALKALI BEE1 G . E. BOHART,' W. P. STEPHEN, Ai\ID R. K. EPPLEY3 ABSTRACT H eterostylum robustu m. (Osten Sacken) is the principal very brief second ins ta r, and a soft, helpless third ins tar , parasite of the a lkali bee (Nomia mela11deri Ckll.) in the to a tough, more active fourth instar. Some lat vae Northwestern States. It also parasitizes other species apparently mature on a single host, but others pa rt ially of Nomia and at least one species of both Nomadopsis and drain the fluids from a second as well. In the late Halictus. It eject-s eggs into and near the nest mounds summer or fall the mature larva makes an overwin tet ing of its host, but does not readily discr iminate between nest cell in the upper few inches of soil. -
What Do Insects Do for a Living?
4/19/15 What do insects do for a living? Insect Ecology Ground-dwelling: Where are they found and what are they doing? Common habits • Detritivores and saprophages • Rhizophagous insects • Predators and ground-nesting insects • Decaying wood • Coprophages • Necrophages • Fungivores 1 4/19/15 Predators & Ground-nesters Decaying Wood • Usually associated with fungi – What else is there? • Numerous taxa – Wood wasps, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles, scavenger beetles, silken fungus beetles, dance flies, termites, cockroaches. Associations with fungi • Most have specialized Sirex wood wasp structures for carrying fungal spores: mycangia. • Why are most attracted to forest fires?: pyrophilous. 2 4/19/15 Coprophages • What are these? • What are they feeding on? • Why is this such a good lifestyle? • First colonization usually dung flies. • ~45 independent origins of viviparity. Why? Coprophages • These can get to nuisance levels. • Dung dispersers therefore provide an important ecosystem service. • Almost always Scarabaeidae 3 4/19/15 Necrophages • Often a very similar lifestyle to coprophages. • Often very closely related. • Most other origins of viviparity here. Necrophages • Often distinct succession. • Very useful for forensic entomology. • Most initial colonizers are Diptera. • Later are Coleoptera (e.g. Silphidae). • Dried are more Coleoptera (e.g. Dermestidae) • Final stages are tineid larvae (keratin) Fungivores • The true decomposers are fungi. • There is a whole guild of insects that specialize on these. 4 4/19/15 Aquatic Insects • Insecta (even Hexapoda) are plesiomorphically terrestrial. • But there have been numerous colonizations of the freshwater aquatic environment. • Far fewer colonizations of marine aquatic environment. Hemimetabolous Aquatic Insects • Some lineages have almost* exclusively aquatic naiads. – Ephemeroptera – Odonata* – Plecoptera (the only aquatic Polyneoptera) • All of these have terrestrial adults. -
Checkered Beetles Moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – Hazardous Phytophags of Arboreal and Shrubby Plants of Botanical Gardens and Plantings of Kiev M
UDC 632.634.791.937 (477.75) © 2017 Checkered beetles moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – hazardous phytophags of arboreal and shrubby plants of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev M. Lisovyi, O. Sylchuk Natsional University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroev Oborony str., 13, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine P. Chumak, V. Kovalchuk, Botanichny Garden of Acad. O. Fomina The purpose. To carry out probes on revealing and specification of species composition of checkered moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in conditions of botanical gardens and plantings of Kiev. Methods. Standard methods of faunistic research in entomology, population ecology, and protection of plants. Results. It is determined that 24 kinds of checkered moths are eating 54 kinds of plants which are widely used for gardening in Kiev. For the first time the following kinds are revealed: Phyllonorycter issikii, Phyllonorycter platani, and Phyllonorycter emberizaepennella. At calculation of Palii-Kovnatski indexes they specified that in city plantings the dominant phytophags are Cameraria ohridella (94,11%), Phyllonorycter populifoliella (86,37%) and Gracillaria syringella (59,14%). They consider that in formation of the secondary areal of invasion kinds of checkered moths the great value has an areal of spread of the host-plant. Environmental analysis is carried out of checkered moths of family Gracillariidae which is spread in cities of the Europe and which are absent in fauna of cities of Ukraine. That has important theoretical and practical value for ecology, entomology and protection of plants against hazardous checkered moths. Conclusions. All the probed kinds of checkered moths by their trophic specialization may be distributed into polyphages (6 kinds), oligophages (14 kinds) and monophages (3 kinds). -
A New Leaf-Mining Moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx Botanica Sp
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 39–65A new (2019) leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.34265 MONOGRAPH http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae Robert J.B. Hoare1, Brian H. Patrick2, Thomas R. Buckley1,3 1 New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auc- kland, New Zealand 2 Wildlands Consultants Ltd, PO Box 9276, Tower Junction, Christchurch 8149, New Ze- aland 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Corresponding author: Robert J.B. Hoare ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken | Received 4 March 2019 | Accepted 3 May 2019 | Published 22 Jul 2019 http://zoobank.org/C1E51F7F-B5DF-4808-9C80-73A10D5746CD Citation: Hoare RJB, Patrick BH, Buckley TR (2019) A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryx botanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucrium parvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae. ZooKeys 965: 39–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.865.34265 Abstract Sabulopteryx botanica Hoare & Patrick, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae) is described as a new species from New Zealand. It is regarded as endemic, and represents the first record of its genus from the southern hemisphere. Though diverging in some morphological features from previously de- scribed species, it is placed in genus Sabulopteryx Triberti, based on wing venation, abdominal characters, male and female genitalia and hostplant choice; this placement is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene. -
Nota Lepidopterologica
©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 8 (4) : 351-362 ; 31.XII.1985 ISSN 0342-7536 On a Gracillaria species from Morocco with some supplementary notes on the genus Gracillaria Haworth (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) W. O. De Prins Diksmuidelaan 176, B-2600 Antwerpen (Belgium) Abstract A new Gracillariid species is described from Morocco : Gracillaria toubkalella n. sp. The lectotype of Coriscium norvegiellum Wocke, 1893 is designated and the synonymy of this taxon with Gracillaria loriolella Frey, 1881 is established. Résumé L'auteur décrit une nouvelle espèce de Gracillariidae provenant du Maroc : Gracilla- ria toubkalella n. sp. Il désigne le lectotype de Coriscium norvegiellum Wocke, 1893 et établit la synonymie de cette espèce avec Gracillaria loriolella Frey, 1881. Introduction In April 1983 I was able to breed some specimens of a Gracillariid species of which I found full grown larvae in twisted Fraxinus leaves in the garden of the Grand Hotel du Toubkal at Asni (Morocco, High Atlas). Almost immediately after their capture the larvae began to construct a pure white silken cocoon between the leaves, against the lid of the box in which they were contained or in the edges ofthat box. The first imago emerged on 20th April 1983. A total of 19 males and 20 females emerged between that date and 29th April. The specimens remained undetermined for about two years, in spite of thoroughly searching the series of Gracillariidae in the museums of Amsterdam, Brussels, Leyden and London and a heavy correspondance with several European specialists on the matter. -
Redalyc.New Records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Lastuvka, A.; Lastuvka, Z. New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 39, núm. 156, diciembre, 2011, pp. 379-387 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45522548004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 379-387 New records of Nepticul 2/12/11 18:15 Página 379 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 39 (156), diciembre 2011: 379-387 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae from the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Lepidoptera) A. Lasˇtu˚vka & Z. Lasˇtu˚vka Abstract New records of Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae for Portugal or Spain are presented. Stigmella aceris (Frey, 1857), Caloptilia loriolella (Frey, 1881), C. cuculipennella (Hübner, 1796), C. falconipennella (Hübner, [1813]), C. honoratella (Rebel, 1914), C. hemidactylella ([Denis Schiffermüller], 1775), Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella (Klimesch, 1942), Ph. echinosparti Lasˇtu˚vka & Lasˇtu˚vka, 2006 and Ph. stettinensis (Nicelli, 1852) are new for Spain, and Stigmella rhamnophila (Amsel, 1935), Caloptilia loriolella, Phyllonorycter kusdasi (Deschka, 1970) and Ph. triflorella (Peyerimhoff, 1872) are new for Portugal. Stigmella aceris, S. rhamnophila, Caloptilia loriolella, C. honoratella, Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella and Ph. stettinensis are new for the Iberian Peninsula. New province records are given for 38 species (47 new province records in all). -
Redalyc.New Records of Mining Moths from the Iberian Peninsula From
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Lastuvka, A.; Lastuvka, Z. New records of mining moths from the Iberian Peninsula from 2014 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 42, núm. 168, diciembre, 2014, pp. 633-647 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45540983010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 633-647 New records of mining m 26/11/14 11:15 Página 633 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 42 (168), diciembre 2014: 633-647 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 New records of mining moths from the Iberian Peninsula from 2014 (Insecta: Lepidoptera) A. Lasˇtu˚vka & Z. Lasˇtu˚vka Abstract New records of Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Heliozelidae, Bucculatricidae and Gracillariidae for Portugal and Spain are presented. Stigmella sakhalinella Puplesis, 1984, Ectoedemia louisella (Sircom, 1849), Bucculatrix albedinella (Zeller, 1839), B. demaryella (Duponchel, 1840), B. ulmella Zeller, 1848, B. albella Stainton, 1867, Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, 1828), Parornix devoniella (Stainton, 1850), P. torquillella (Zeller, 1850), Phyllonorycter distentella (Zeller, 1846), P. cavella (Zeller, 1846), P. deschkai Triberti, 2007, P. acerifoliella (Zeller, 1839) and P. dubitella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) are new for Spain, and Stigmella sakhalinella, Bucculatrix albedinella , Caloptilia betulicola (Hering, 1928), Parornix tenella (Rebel, 1919) and Phyllonorycter ochreojunctella (Klimesch, 1942) are new for Portugal. Stigmella sakhalinella, Ectoedemia louisella, Bucculatrix albedinella , B. -
Nota Lepidopterologica
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 33 Autor(en)/Author(s): Langmaid John R., Sattler Klaus, Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos Artikel/Article: Morphology and DNA barcodes show that Calybites hauderi does not occur in the British Isles (Gracillariidae) 191-197 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Notalepid. 33 (2): 191-197 191 Morphology and DNA barcodes show that Calybites hauderi does not occur in the British Isles (Gracillariidae) John R. Langmaid^ Klaus Sattler^ & Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde ^ 1 Wilverley, 1 Dorrita Close, Southsea, Hampshire, P04 ONY, U.K.; [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.; [email protected] 3 INRA, UR0633 Zoologie Forestière, F-45075 Orléans, France; [email protected] Abstract. Evidence is presented that all British specimens of Calybites hauderi (Rebel, 1906) are not that species but the first brood of bivoltine Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, 1828). C. hauderi is removed from the British list and its occurrence in Belgium is questioned. C. semifascia is normally univoltine in the British Isles but bivoltine populations are now spreading in southern counties. Zusammenfassung. Der Nachweis wird erbracht, daß es sich bei allen britischen Calybites hauderi (Rebel, 1906) um die erste Generation der bivoltinen Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, 1828) handelt. C. hauderi wird von der britischen Liste gestrichen und das Vorkommen in Belgien wird angezweifelt. C. semifascia ist auf den Britischen Inseln normalerweise univoUin doch breiten sich in den südlichen Grafschaften zunehmend bivoltine Populationen aus. -
Investigating Suburban Micromoth Diversity Using DNA Barcoding of Malaise Trap Samples
Urban Ecosyst DOI 10.1007/s11252-016-0597-2 Investigating suburban micromoth diversity using DNA barcoding of malaise trap samples Kaare Aagaard1 & Kai Berggren2 & Paul DN Hebert3 & Jayme Sones3 & Beverly McClenaghan3 & Torbjørn Ekrem1 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Micromoths can be challenging to identify based Introduction on morphology and are frequently omitted in assessments of moth diversity. However, their species richness and biology Urban ecology is a field in constant growth (Cressey 2015). make them important components of terrestrial ecosystems. In Traditionally, birds, mammals and flowering plants have been this study we identified 1227 micromoths from a suburban considered in urban ecology studies, but butterflies and moths garden at 63° north using DNA barcoding of Malaise trap are now often also investigated (Goode 2014). The larger samples. We recorded 78 different species with the 11 most moth species are reasonably well known and easy to identify abundant taxa accounting for 82 % of the catch. The remaining in temperate regions, but micromoths require more taxonomic 67 species were represented by fewer than 14 specimens, but expertise and are therefore rarely considered in urban ecology the number was often sufficient to provide a good idea of studies. However, extensive investigations of urban moth phenology. The larvae of these 78 species all feed on plants communities were recently undertaken in Scotland (Lintott common in suburban environments. We show that when et al. 2014) and Michigan, USA (Rice and White 2015). facilitated by identifications through DNA barcoding, Malaise Urbanization is generally supposed to contribute to biodi- traps provide interesting insights into the micromoth commu- versity loss (McKinney 2002), but only a few large cities in nities of suburban environments that might otherwise be Norway have an extreme urban structure. -
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata 150: 217–225, 2014 217 218 Murphy Et Al
DOI: 10.1111/eea.12155 Host ontogeny determines parasitoid use of a forest caterpillar Shannon M. Murphy1*, Teresa M. Stoepler2§, Kylee Grenis1 & John T. Lill2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA, and 2Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA Accepted: 5 November 2013 Key words: complementary predation, niche partitioning, ontogenetic niche, size-structured parasitism, trophic interaction, Euclea delphinii,Limacodidae,Lepidoptera,Hymenoptera,Diptera Abstract For most organisms, patterns of natural enemy-mediated mortality change over the course of devel- opment. Shifts in enemy pressure are particularly relevant for organisms that exhibit exponential growth during development, such as juvenile insects that increase their mass by several orders of magnitude. As one of the dominant groups of insect herbivores in most terrestrial plant communi- ties, larval lepidopterans (caterpillars) are host to a diverse array of parasitoids. Previous research has described how the frequency of herbivore parasitism varies among host plants or habitats, but much less is known about how parasitism pressure changes during host development. To test whether the two major parasitoid taxa, wasps and flies, differentially attack shared hosts based on host develop- mental stage, we simultaneously exposed early- and late-instar Euclea delphinii Boisduval (Lepido- ptera: Limacodidae) caterpillars to parasitism in the field. We found strong evidence that parasitoids partition hosts by size; adult female wasps preferentially parasitized small caterpillars, whereas adult female flies preferred to attack large caterpillars. Our results demonstrate that host ontogeny is a major determinant of parasitoid host selection. Documenting how shifts in enemy pressure vary with development is important to understanding both the population biology and evolutionary ecology of prey species and their enemies. -
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and Leafflower Trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus Sensu Lato [Glochidion]) in Southeastern Polynesia
Coevolutionary Diversification of Leafflower Moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and Leafflower Trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus sensu lato [Glochidion]) in Southeastern Polynesia By David Howard Hembry A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Rosemary Gillespie, Chair Professor Bruce Baldwin Professor Patrick O’Grady Spring 2012 1 2 Abstract Coevolution between phylogenetically distant, yet ecologically intimate taxa is widely invoked as a major process generating and organizing biodiversity on earth. Yet for many putatively coevolving clades we lack knowledge both of their evolutionary history of diversification, and the manner in which they organize themselves into patterns of interaction. This is especially true for mutualistic associations, despite the fact that mutualisms have served as models for much coevolutionary research. In this dissertation, I examine the codiversification of an obligate, reciprocally specialized pollination mutualism between leafflower moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Epicephala) and leafflower trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus sensu lato [Glochidion]) on the oceanic islands of southeastern Polynesia. Leafflower moths are the sole known pollinators of five clades of leafflowers (in the genus Phyllanthus s. l., including the genera Glochidion and Breynia), and thus this interaction is considered to be obligate. Female moths actively transfer pollen from male flowers to female flowers, using a haired proboscis to transfer pollen into the recessed stigmatic surface at the end of the fused stylar column. The moths then oviposit into the flowers’ ovaries, and the larva which hatches consumes a subset, but not all, of the developing fruit’s seed set. -
Caloptilia Jurateae Sp.N., a Sibling Species of Caloptilia Semifascia (Haworth, 1828) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae)
Ent. Tidskr. 131 (2010) Caloptilia jurateae sp. n. Caloptilia jurateae sp.n., a sibling species of Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, 1828) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) BEngT Å. BEngTsson Bengtsson, B.Å.: Caloptilia jurateae sp.n., a sibling species of C. semifascia (Haworth, 1828) (Lepidoptera gracillariidae). [Caloptilia jurateae sp.n., en systerart till C. semi- fascia (Haworth, 1828) (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae).] – Entomologisk Tidskrift 131(2): 105-112. Uppsala, sweden 2010. Issn 0013-886x. A new species, Caloptilia jurateae sp.n., in the family of gracillariidae is described and compared to the closely related Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, 1828). The two species can be distinguished on the male and female genitalia. They are probably also different in their host choice, as the new species seems to exclusively mine leaves of Acer platanoides while C. semifascia only feeds on Acer campestre. Records of Caloptilia jurateae are known from sweden, norway, Finland, Poland and germany. Bengt Å. Bengtsson, Lokegatan 3, S-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] During the preparation of one of the forthcom- Methods and material ing volumes on Lepidoptera in the swedish proj- Available material in many official and private ect ‘nationalnyckeln’ (The Encyclopedia of the collections was examined to ascertain without swedish Flora and Fauna) the author discovered any doubt that two different species were in- that the Danish and the swedish material of the volved. The museum collections in London, Co- gracillariid moth Caloptilia semifascia (Haworth, penhagen, Lund and stockholm were checked. 1828) did not correspond with each other in their Many colleagues have kindly allowed me to genitalia.