DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation and Characterization of Natural Products from Olea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation and Characterization of Natural Products from Olea ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM Olea europaea AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES by Jelena Milosevic A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Faculty of Medicine) at the SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2 0 0 0 ProQuest Number: 10104162 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10104162 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 To my loving family Olea europaea L. Identification of Olea europaea L. using the Engler scheme: Division: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledoneae Subclass: Sympetalae Order: Olea les Family: Oleaceae Genus: Olea Species: europaea L. ABSTRACT Throughout the centuries the olive tree has been regarded as a part of tradition, both socially and culturally. The production of oil is the primary objective in processing olives. The residues from olive oil production are used for soil fertilisation and the waste waters for antioxidant and insecticide purposes. The objective of this study is to explore further the therapeutic and biotechnological potential of the olive, both extracts and pure compounds, by studying their pharmaceutical properties. The skins of fruits are their first defence, both physiological and biological, against the microbiological, parasitic and physical aspects of their environment. Olive skins were isolated and sequentially extracted with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Each of the extracts was tested for antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antiparasitic activity, then further separated and the components structurally identified using ID and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and combined High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Potentially, within the European Union hundreds of tons of by-products from olive oil production could have biotechnological, chemical and medicinal uses. The triglycerides in olive oil have been thoroughly studied but the phospholipid content and their structures have received little attention. Using high resolution NMR profiling combined with electrospray MS and ion-exchange chromatography the neutral lipids, fatty acids and phospholipid content were determined. Unlike mammalian lipid extracts, extracts from olives were complicated by the co-extraction of lipid like secondary metabolites. It was therefore a complex matter to extract and purify olive phospholipids for biotechnological proposes. The solvent extracts from olive pulp were separated by silica column chromatography, further separated by HPLC and the fractions obtained identified by NMR and MS. In the analysis of the olive pulp phenol glycosides were found. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When a PhD thesis is completed, it is often difficult to assess fully the expert assistance and guidance received throughout the process. I would therefore like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the following: To Professor W. A. Gibbons for his advice, help and unfailing interest in this research topic. To Dr. Mire Zloh, Mike Cocksedge and Dr. David Ashton, for their helpful discussions and practical advice. To Dr. Maria Comacho Corona for the help and guidance given, in the extraction of the olive skins and the analysis of the chloroform extract. To Aleksandra Bursae for photographing the flowering tree from which I picked the olives and to Branko Lakusic for then identifying it. I would like to thank the School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London for the antiprotozoal testing of the olive skin extracts. I especially wish to thank my husband for his constant support and encouragement and for believing in me. I would also like to acknowledge the support of my family and their faith in me. Finally I would like to thank all my fiiends in London, Belgrade and scattered around the world for their constant support and best wishes. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX 1 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 29 1.1 Olives 30 1.1.1 General description 30 1.1.2 Hydrocarbons, pigments, sterols, tocoferols in olives 32 1.1.3 Phenolic compounds in olives 34 1.1.4 Glycerophospholipids in olives 37 1.1.5 Fatty acids in olives 38 1.2 Lipids General description 43 1.3 Acyl lipids 44 1.3.1 Acyl Glycerol 44 1.3.2 Glycerophospholipids 49 1.3.3 Glycoglycerolipids 51 1.3.4 Glycerosphingolipids 53 1.3.5 Cutin, Suberin and Waxes 54 1.4 Fatty acids 55 1.5 Phenolic compounds 61 1.5.1 General description 61 1.5.2 Hydroxybenzoic acids 64 1.5.3 Hydroxycinnamic acid 65 1.5.4 Xanthones 66 1.5.5 Flavonoids 67 1.5.6 Isoflavonoids 69 1.5.7 Lignins 69 1.5.8 Lignans and neolignans 70 1.5.9 Tannins 70 1.5.10 Quinones 72 2 CHAPTER 2 - OLIVE FRUIT-PULP ANALYSIS 74 2.1 Introduction 75 2.2 Materials and methods 77 2.2.1 Sample 77 2.2.2 Reagents/equipment for the analysis of Olive pulp 77 2.2.3 Preparation of extracts from Olive pulp 78 2.2.4 Chromatographic techniques 79 2.2.4.1 Column chromatography 79 2.2.4.2 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of fractions from Olive pulp 80 2.2.4.3 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of fractions from Olive pulp 81 2.2.5 Spectroscopic methods 82 2.2.5.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of fractions from Olive pulp 82 2.2.5.2 Mass spectrometry (MS) of fractions from Olive pulp 83 2.2.5.3 Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of fractions from Olive pulp 84 2.2.5.3.1 GC-Method 84 2.2.5.3.2 GC-MS conditions for fractions from Olive pulp 85 2.3 Results 85 2.3.1 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of fractions from Olive pulp 85 2.3.2 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of fractions from Olive pulp 89 2.3.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of fractions from Olive pulp 94 2.3.4 Mass spectrometry (MS) of fractions from Olive pulp 106 2.3.5 Assignment of structures from NMR and MS data 111 2.3.6 Analysis of fatty acid composition by GC-MS in olive pulp 113 2.4 Discussion 121 3 CHAPTER 3 - OLIVE FRUIT-SKIN ANALYSIS 126 3.1 Introduction 127 3.2 Materials and methods 129 3.2.1 Sample 129 3.2.2 Reagents/equipment for the preparation of extracts from Olive skins 129 3.2.3 Preparation of extracts from Olive skin 130 3.3 Analytical techniques 131 3.3.1 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of extracts from Olive skins 131 3.3.2 Preparative Thin layer Chromatography (PTLC) of extracts from Olive skins 132 3.3.3 High Performance Chromatography (HPLC) of extracts from Olive skins 133 3.3.4 Nuclear Magnetic resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) of extracts from Olive skins 134 3.3.5 Mass Spectrometry (MS) of extracts from Olive skins 135 3.3.6 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of extracts from Olive skins 136 3.3.6.1 GC-Method of extracts from Olive skins 136 3.3.6.2 Fast GC-MS Analysis conditions for FAMEs of extracts from Olive skins 137 3.4 Results 137 3.4.1 Hexane extract 138 3.4.1.1 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the hexane extract from Olive skins 138 3.4.1.2 Nuclear magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of hexane extract from Olive skins 138 3.4.1.3 Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) of hexane extract from Olive skins 142 3.4.2 Chloroform extract 146 3.4.2.1 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 146 3.4.2.2 Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) 147 3.4.2.3 P-Oleanolic (30-hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid) 148 3.4.2.3.1 ‘HN M R (400M H z,Py-d6) 148 3A2.3.2 '^C NMR (100 MHz, Py - d6) 149 3.4.2.3.3 2D NMR COSY (400 MHz, Py-d6) 150 3.4.2.3.4 Fast atom bombardment - mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) 151 3.4.2.4 p-maslinic acid (2a, 3p-dihydroxy-13(18)-oleanin-28-oic acid) 152 3.4.2.4.1 'H NMR (400 MHz, Py-d6) 152 3.4.2.4.2 "C NMR (100 MHz, Py-d6) 153 3.4.2.4.3 2D NMR COSY (400 MHz, Py-d6) 154 3.4.2.4.4 Fast atom bombardment - mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) 155 3.4.3 Methanol extract 156 3.4.3.1 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the methanol extract from Olive skins 156 10 3.4.3.2 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the methanol extract from Olive skins 156 3.4.3.3 Nuclear magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of methanol extract from Olive skins 159 3.4.3.4 Mass spectroscopy of methanol extract from Olive skins 160 3.4.4 Water extract 165 3.4.4.1 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of water extract from Olive skins 165 3.4.4.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of water extract from Olive skins 167 3.4.4.3 Mass spectroscopy of water extract from Olive skins 173 3.5 Discussion 174 4 CHAPTER 4 - PHOSPHOLIPID ANALYSIS 182 4.1 Introduction 183 4.2 Materials and methods 186 4.2.1 Sample 186 4.2.2 Reagents/equipment 187 4.2.3 Extraction of total lipids from olives 187 4.2.4 Separation of total lipids by Bond Elut (NH2-aminopropyl) solid phase separation method 188 4.2.5 Proton NMR of total lipids and Bond Elut fractions 189 4.2.6 Gas chromatography of lipids 190 4.2.6.1 GC-Method 190 11 4.2.6.2 GC-conditions (for Bond Elut fractions) 190 4.2.6.3 Fast GC-MS Analysis conditions for FAMEs 191 4.2.7 Mass Spectrometry 192 4.3 Results 192 4.3.1 Identification and quantification of lipids by NMR 192
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Bahare Salehi 1,2 ID , Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar 3 ID , Bilge ¸Sener 4, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad 5,*, Mehtap Kılıç 4, Gail B. Mahady 6, Sanja Vlaisavljevic 7, Marcello Iriti 8,* ID , Farzad Kobarfard 9,10, William N. Setzer 11,*, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi 9,12,13, Athar Ata 13 and Javad Sharifi-Rad 9,13,* ID 1 Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 88777539 Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 2 Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 22439789 Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey; [email protected] (B.¸S.);[email protected] (M.K.) 5 Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663-335 Zabol, Iran 6 PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; [email protected] 7 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 8 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy 9 Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Vascular Plants Along the Altitudinal Gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea
    Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 7 (2014) e40ee71 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-asia-pacific- biodiversity/2287-884x Original article Distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea Jong-Cheol Yang*, Hee-Suk Hwang, Hye-Jeong Lee, Su-Young Jung, Seong-Jin Ji, Seung-Hwan Oh, You-Mi Lee Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 487-821, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: This study was conducted to examine the distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient Received 31 December 2013 and investigation routes of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea. The total number of flora of Gyebangsan (Mt.) was Received in revised form 510 taxa in total, comprising 83 families, 283 genera, 449 species, four subspecies, 52 varieties and five 11 February 2014 forms. In the flora of this area, 14 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 17 taxa were rare plants. Accepted 11 February 2014 Naturalized plants in Korea numbered 27 taxa. The number of vascular plants monotonically decreased Available online 15 March 2014 with increasing altitude. In contrast, the rare plants mostly increased with increasing altitude. The endemic plants of Korea did not show any special pattern by altitude gradient. The naturalized plants Keywords: Gyebangsan (Mt.) altitude were mainly distributed at the open area below 1000 m. Ó Distribution Copyright 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Korea endemic plant Production and hosting by ELSEVIER. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review
    molecules Review The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review Marta Olech * , Wojciech Ziemichód and Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chod´zkiStreet, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (N.N.-J.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-814-487-060 Abstract: This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, an- tihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) con- firmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented. Keywords: tormentic acid; triterpenes; pentacyclic triterpene; CAS 13850-16-3; bioactivity; plant metabolite; tormentic acid derivatives Citation: Olech, M.; Ziemichód, W.; 1. Introduction Nowacka-Jechalke, N. The Given the constantly growing number of diseases and the common phenomenon of Occurrence and Biological Activity of drug resistance, scientists are forced to seek for more potent and less toxic treatments. Tormentic Acid—A Review. Molecules Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a valuable group of compounds among natural metabo- 2021, 26, 3797. https://doi.org/ lites. They are abundant in the plant kingdom and are found in various plant parts, 10.3390/molecules26133797 including edibles (olive, strawberries, mango, rose fruits, apples, mulberry, quince), herbs, and herbal products.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Quality of This Reproduction Is
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UME films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard m ar^s, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES GARDENS AND LANDSCAPES Volume I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Denise Wiles Adams, B.S.
    [Show full text]
  • SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed List Catalogue De Graines
    SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed list Catalogue de graines des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Ernte / Harvest / Récolte 2017 Herausgegeben von Christian BERG, Kurt MARQUART & Jonathan WILFLING ebgconsortiumindexseminum2012 Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Februar 2018 Botanical Garden, Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl- Franzens-Universität Graz 2 Botanischer Garten Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Holteigasse 6 A - 8010 Graz, Austria Fax: ++43-316-380-9883 Email- und Telefonkontakt: [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5651 [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5747 Webseite: http://garten.uni-graz.at/ Zitiervorschlag : BERG, C., MARQUART, K. & Wilfling, J. (2018): Samentauschverzeichnis – Index Seminum – des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Samenernte 2017. – 48 S., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Personalstand des Botanischen Gartens Graz: Institutsleiterin: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Maria MÜLLER Wissenschaftlicher Gartenleiter: Dr. Christian BERG Gartenverwalter: Jonathan WILFLING, B. Sc. GärtnerInnen: Doris ADAM-LACKNER Viola BONGERS Thomas GALIK Margarete HIDEN Kurt MARQUART Franz STIEBER Ulrike STRAUSSBERGER Monika GABER René MICHALSKI Oliver KROPIWNICKI Technische Mitarbeiterin: Martina THALHAMMER Gärtnerlehrlinge: Sophia DAMBRICH (1. Lehrjahr) Wanja WIRTL-MÖLBACH (1. Lehrjahr) Gabriel BUCHWALD (2. Lehrjahr) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis / Contents / Table des matières Abkürzungen / List of abbreviations / Abréviations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 관속식물문은 35목 95과 332 느티나무군락, 가래나무군락 등이 나타났으며, 하천부에 속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 698분류군이 나타났다
    Korean J. Environ. Biol. 27 (2) : 164~175 (2009) 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상 김혜진∙윤충원* 공주대학교 산림자원학과 Vascular Plants of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok Hye-Jin Kim and Chung-Weon Yun* Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-802, Korea Abstract - The flora of the vascular plant in Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok was listed as 689 taxa; 95 families, 332 genus, 600 species, 93 varieties and 5 forms. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 16 taxa were recorded. And endangered plant was recorded by 1 taxa, Iris koreana var. albiflora. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 44 taxa were recorded. According to the specific plant species by classes, class I has 51 taxa, class II has 33 taxa, class III has 28 taxa, class IV has 12 taxa. In class V, we found Houttuynia cordata, but the species was considered to be worthless because it was planted as an ornamental plant in the area. Naturalized plant species were listed as 27 taxa; 99 families, 22 genus, 26 species, 1 varieties. And naturalization index was 3.9%. Key words : flora, rare species, endangered species 금강소나무 문화재용 목재생산림의 탐방객과 백두대간 서론 을 등반하는 등산객들의 남채로 인한 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물의 자생지가 훼손의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 문수산 (文殊山 1,205 m)∙옥석산 (玉石山 1,247 m) 일 본 연구의 목적은 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상을 파 대는 한반도의 생태권역에서 산악권역을 중심으로 한 악하여 중부 이북 지역의 식물상 분야에 새로운 기초자 남동부산야권역의 일부를 포함하고 있으며 (신 1996), 백 료를 제공하고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 보존 전략 수립에 두대간 태백산맥의 줄기에 위치하여 대부분의 지역이 활용하는 데 있다.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of the Disturbances for Forest Grazing on Flora Composition in a Natural Forest
    Article Impact of the Disturbances for Forest Grazing on Flora Composition in a Natural Forest Gyuil Han † , Eunju Cheong †, Wangeun Park * and Sechang Kim Department of Forest and Environment System, College of Forest and Environment Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; [email protected] (G.H.); [email protected] (E.C.); dndwlsfl@nate.com (S.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-33-250-8312 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Daegwallyeong is a mountain pass at an altitude of 832 m, which has been designated a conservation area because of its essential role in Korea’s forest ecosystem. Simultaneously, this area is considered a suitable place for forest grazing due to the cool temperature during the summer. Some areas have been converted to grassland for livestock feeding, and the scale has continued increasing. Although livestock in a forest area is more ecofriendly than industrialized facilities, it could impact the native ecosystem, especially in terms of the flora and vegetation. We investigated the changes in flora and vegetation of Daegwallyeong before and after the grassland formation. The total number of vascular plant species changed throughout the survey period. It was decreased by thinning and forest floor removal in 2015. However, it bounced back to the original number in 2016, even after grazing. However, there was a dramatic decrease after the second forest floor removal and 3 months of grazing in 2017. The number of flora slightly increased after the fallow of grazing in 2019, but it did not fully recover. Although the number of flora seemed back to normal, the composition of the flora in 2019 was significantly changed from the forest without disturbance in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Samenkatalog Graz 2018 End.Pdf
    SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed list Catalogue de graines des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Ernte / Harvest / Récolte 2018 Herausgegeben von Christian BERG, Kurt MARQUART, Thomas GALIK & Jonathan WILFLING ebgconsortiumindexseminum2012 Institut für Biology, Februar 2019 Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2 Botanischer Garten Institut für Biologie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Holteigasse 6 A - 8010 Graz, Austria Fax: ++43-316-380-9883 Email- und Telefonkontakt: [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5651 [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5747 Webseite: http://garten.uni-graz.at/ Zitiervorschlag : BERG, C., MARQUART, K., GALIK, T. & Wilfling, J. (2018): Samentauschverzeichnis – Index Seminum – des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Samenernte 2018. – 41 S., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Personalstand des Botanischen Gartens Graz: Institutsleiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christian Sturmbauer Wissenschaftlicher Gartenleiter: Dr. Christian BERG Gartenverwalter: Jonathan WILFLING, B. Sc. GärtnerInnen: Doris ADAM-LACKNER Viola BONGERS Thomas GALIK Margarete HIDEN Kurt MARQUART Franz STIEBER Ulrike STRAUSSBERGER Monika GABER René MICHALSKI Techn. MitarbeiterInnen: Oliver KROPIWNICKI Martina THALHAMMER Gärtnerlehrlinge: Sophia DAMBRICH (2. Lehrjahr) Wanja WIRTL-MÖLBACH (2. Lehrjahr) Gabriel BUCHWALD (3. Lehrjahr) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis / Contents / Table des matières Abkürzungen / List of abbreviations / Abréviations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Damyang Bamboo Field Agriculture System
    Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System -Application- Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) February 17, 2020 Damyang County Table of Contents I. Summary ....................................................................................................... 1 II. Description of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ................... 4 1. Value and meaning of applicant site ............................................................... 4 ⅰ. Features of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ..................................... 4 ⅱ. Cycling system within Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ................... 7 iii. Cultural landscape of bamboo community ............................................................ 9 iv. Common value of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System in terms of UN SDGs ............................................................................................................14 2. Features of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ............................ 20 i. Security of Food and Livelihoods ...........................................................................20 ⅱ. Agro-biodiversity ...................................................................................................34 iii. Traditional Knowledge System& Skills .................................................................52 iv. Cultures, Social Organizations and Value System ...............................................67 v. Landscapes .............................................................................................................79
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Resources of Mt. Gamak
    Korean J. Plant Res. 22(3) : 248~265 (2009) Plant Resources of Mt. Gamak Shin-Ho Kang Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Korea Abstract - This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Gamak (537.8 m) from April to October 2007. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 478 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 410 species, 3 subspecies, 61 varieties, and 4 forms of 284 genera under 94 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 222, pasturing 208, medicinal 183, stainable 134, ornamental 96, timber 20, fiber 6 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula. Key words - Flora, Resource plants, Mt. Gamak Introduction in Mt. Gamak. Mt. Gamak (675 m, Lat. 37°56'17"N, Long. 126°18'19"E) Materials and Methods is located at the boundary between Jeokseong-myeon of Paju City, Jeongok-myeon of Yeoncheon-Gun and Nam-Myeon Korean endemic and rare and endangered plants were respec- of Yangju-Gun of Gyeonggi Province. For recent five years, tively marked as * and ** in front of their scientific names. the yearly average temperature of this mount area was 11.4℃, The investigation was conducted in each slope and altitude of 37.9℃ as maximum and -26.0℃ as minimum, and average of the mount.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Insect-Flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Ashu, Kyoto
    Insect-flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Title Ashu, Kyoto : An Overview of the Flowering Phenology and the Seasonal Pattern of Insect Visits KATO, Makoto; KAKUTANI, Takehiko; INOUE, Tamiji; Author(s) ITINO, Takao Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto Citation University (1990), 27(4): 309-376 Issue Date 1990-08-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/156101 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Contr. biol, Lab. Kyoto Univ., Vol. 27, pp. 309-375 Issued 20 August 1990 Insect-flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Ashu, Kyoto: An Overview of the Flowering Phenology and the Seasonal Pattern of Insect Visitsi Makoto KATo, Takehiko KAKuTANi, Tamiji INouE and Takao I'riNo ABSTRACT In 1984-1987 insect visitors to fiowers were monthly or bimonthly surveyed on 91 plant species or 37 families in the primary beech forest of Ashu, Kyoto, Japan. Flowering season was 186 days from late April to earlyOctober, Thenumber of plant species that concurrently bloomed was four to 11 species from May to mid August and it increased up to 19 in late August. The mean flowering period of a single plant species was 16 days. From April to August flowering periods werestaggered among congenericplant species, e. g., Rubus, Hydrangea and Rhus. A total of 2459 individuals of 715 species in 11 orders of Insecta and two orders of Arachnoidea were collected. The most abundant order was Hymenoptera (39 O/o ofindividuals) and followed by Diptera (35 O/o)and Coleoptera (17 O/o), The number of species was highest in Diptera (41 O/o) and followed by Hymenoptera (26 O/o) and Coleoptera (19 O/o), The numbers of both species and individuals peaked in May and then gradually decreased in summer and auturnn.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotypes on Five Species of Japanese Geum (Rosaceae)
    _??_1993 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 58: 313 -320 , 1993 Karyotypes on Five Species of Japanese Geum (Rosaceae) Yoshikane Iwatsubo and Naohiro Naruhashi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama 930, Japan Accepted May 28, 1993 Geum Linn., a genus of the Rosaceae, comprises about 40 species occurring in the tem perate and arctic regions of both hemispheres (Airy Shaw 1973). Many cytological studies clarified that the species consist of a polyploid series with x=7 and 2n=28, 42, 56, 70 or 84 (Fedorov 1969). While the chromosome numbers for most species in the genus have been determined, no karyotype analyses have been made. In Japan there are five species of Geum; G. aleppicum, G. calthaefolium var. nipponicum, G. japonicum, G. macrophyllum var. sacha linense and G. pentapetalum (Ohwi 1965). Geum calthaefolium var. nipponicum is sometimes placed in Acomastylis, while G. pentapetalum is treated as Sieversia, by some workers (Bolle 1933, Hara 1936, Okuyama 1977, Shimizu 1982, Sugimoto 1978). This paper intends to clarify the cytological relationship of the five Japanese species of Geum through karyotypic studies. Materials and methods The five Japanese species of Geum which were studied are listed in Table 1, along with their collection localities. These plants were grown in the botanic garden of Toyama Uni versity. Root tips were collected from the potted plants, pretreated in a 2mM 8-hydroxyqu inoline solution for one hour at room temperature and then for 15 hr at 5•Ž. After being fixed in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol (1:3) for one hour, the root tips were soaked in 1N HCl for a few hours, macerated in 1N HCl at 60•Ž for 11.5min, and immersed in tap water.
    [Show full text]