Isolation and Characterization of Natural Products from Olea
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Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Bahare Salehi 1,2 ID , Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar 3 ID , Bilge ¸Sener 4, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad 5,*, Mehtap Kılıç 4, Gail B. Mahady 6, Sanja Vlaisavljevic 7, Marcello Iriti 8,* ID , Farzad Kobarfard 9,10, William N. Setzer 11,*, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi 9,12,13, Athar Ata 13 and Javad Sharifi-Rad 9,13,* ID 1 Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 88777539 Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 2 Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 22439789 Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey; [email protected] (B.¸S.);[email protected] (M.K.) 5 Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663-335 Zabol, Iran 6 PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; [email protected] 7 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 8 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy 9 Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of -
Distribution of Vascular Plants Along the Altitudinal Gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 7 (2014) e40ee71 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-asia-pacific- biodiversity/2287-884x Original article Distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea Jong-Cheol Yang*, Hee-Suk Hwang, Hye-Jeong Lee, Su-Young Jung, Seong-Jin Ji, Seung-Hwan Oh, You-Mi Lee Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 487-821, Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: This study was conducted to examine the distribution of vascular plants along the altitudinal gradient Received 31 December 2013 and investigation routes of Gyebangsan (Mt.) in Korea. The total number of flora of Gyebangsan (Mt.) was Received in revised form 510 taxa in total, comprising 83 families, 283 genera, 449 species, four subspecies, 52 varieties and five 11 February 2014 forms. In the flora of this area, 14 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 17 taxa were rare plants. Accepted 11 February 2014 Naturalized plants in Korea numbered 27 taxa. The number of vascular plants monotonically decreased Available online 15 March 2014 with increasing altitude. In contrast, the rare plants mostly increased with increasing altitude. The endemic plants of Korea did not show any special pattern by altitude gradient. The naturalized plants Keywords: Gyebangsan (Mt.) altitude were mainly distributed at the open area below 1000 m. Ó Distribution Copyright 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Korea endemic plant Production and hosting by ELSEVIER. All rights reserved. -
The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review
molecules Review The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review Marta Olech * , Wojciech Ziemichód and Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chod´zkiStreet, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; [email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (N.N.-J.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-814-487-060 Abstract: This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, an- tihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) con- firmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented. Keywords: tormentic acid; triterpenes; pentacyclic triterpene; CAS 13850-16-3; bioactivity; plant metabolite; tormentic acid derivatives Citation: Olech, M.; Ziemichód, W.; 1. Introduction Nowacka-Jechalke, N. The Given the constantly growing number of diseases and the common phenomenon of Occurrence and Biological Activity of drug resistance, scientists are forced to seek for more potent and less toxic treatments. Tormentic Acid—A Review. Molecules Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a valuable group of compounds among natural metabo- 2021, 26, 3797. https://doi.org/ lites. They are abundant in the plant kingdom and are found in various plant parts, 10.3390/molecules26133797 including edibles (olive, strawberries, mango, rose fruits, apples, mulberry, quince), herbs, and herbal products. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Quality of This Reproduction Is
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UME films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard m ar^s, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES GARDENS AND LANDSCAPES Volume I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Denise Wiles Adams, B.S. -
SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed List Catalogue De Graines
SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed list Catalogue de graines des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Ernte / Harvest / Récolte 2017 Herausgegeben von Christian BERG, Kurt MARQUART & Jonathan WILFLING ebgconsortiumindexseminum2012 Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Februar 2018 Botanical Garden, Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl- Franzens-Universität Graz 2 Botanischer Garten Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Holteigasse 6 A - 8010 Graz, Austria Fax: ++43-316-380-9883 Email- und Telefonkontakt: [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5651 [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5747 Webseite: http://garten.uni-graz.at/ Zitiervorschlag : BERG, C., MARQUART, K. & Wilfling, J. (2018): Samentauschverzeichnis – Index Seminum – des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Samenernte 2017. – 48 S., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Personalstand des Botanischen Gartens Graz: Institutsleiterin: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Maria MÜLLER Wissenschaftlicher Gartenleiter: Dr. Christian BERG Gartenverwalter: Jonathan WILFLING, B. Sc. GärtnerInnen: Doris ADAM-LACKNER Viola BONGERS Thomas GALIK Margarete HIDEN Kurt MARQUART Franz STIEBER Ulrike STRAUSSBERGER Monika GABER René MICHALSKI Oliver KROPIWNICKI Technische Mitarbeiterin: Martina THALHAMMER Gärtnerlehrlinge: Sophia DAMBRICH (1. Lehrjahr) Wanja WIRTL-MÖLBACH (1. Lehrjahr) Gabriel BUCHWALD (2. Lehrjahr) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis / Contents / Table des matières Abkürzungen / List of abbreviations / Abréviations ................................................. -
문수산∙옥석산 일대의 관속식물문은 35목 95과 332 느티나무군락, 가래나무군락 등이 나타났으며, 하천부에 속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 698분류군이 나타났다
Korean J. Environ. Biol. 27 (2) : 164~175 (2009) 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상 김혜진∙윤충원* 공주대학교 산림자원학과 Vascular Plants of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok Hye-Jin Kim and Chung-Weon Yun* Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-802, Korea Abstract - The flora of the vascular plant in Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok was listed as 689 taxa; 95 families, 332 genus, 600 species, 93 varieties and 5 forms. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 16 taxa were recorded. And endangered plant was recorded by 1 taxa, Iris koreana var. albiflora. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 44 taxa were recorded. According to the specific plant species by classes, class I has 51 taxa, class II has 33 taxa, class III has 28 taxa, class IV has 12 taxa. In class V, we found Houttuynia cordata, but the species was considered to be worthless because it was planted as an ornamental plant in the area. Naturalized plant species were listed as 27 taxa; 99 families, 22 genus, 26 species, 1 varieties. And naturalization index was 3.9%. Key words : flora, rare species, endangered species 금강소나무 문화재용 목재생산림의 탐방객과 백두대간 서론 을 등반하는 등산객들의 남채로 인한 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물의 자생지가 훼손의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 문수산 (文殊山 1,205 m)∙옥석산 (玉石山 1,247 m) 일 본 연구의 목적은 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상을 파 대는 한반도의 생태권역에서 산악권역을 중심으로 한 악하여 중부 이북 지역의 식물상 분야에 새로운 기초자 남동부산야권역의 일부를 포함하고 있으며 (신 1996), 백 료를 제공하고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 보존 전략 수립에 두대간 태백산맥의 줄기에 위치하여 대부분의 지역이 활용하는 데 있다. -
Impact of the Disturbances for Forest Grazing on Flora Composition in a Natural Forest
Article Impact of the Disturbances for Forest Grazing on Flora Composition in a Natural Forest Gyuil Han † , Eunju Cheong †, Wangeun Park * and Sechang Kim Department of Forest and Environment System, College of Forest and Environment Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; [email protected] (G.H.); [email protected] (E.C.); dndwlsfl@nate.com (S.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-33-250-8312 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Daegwallyeong is a mountain pass at an altitude of 832 m, which has been designated a conservation area because of its essential role in Korea’s forest ecosystem. Simultaneously, this area is considered a suitable place for forest grazing due to the cool temperature during the summer. Some areas have been converted to grassland for livestock feeding, and the scale has continued increasing. Although livestock in a forest area is more ecofriendly than industrialized facilities, it could impact the native ecosystem, especially in terms of the flora and vegetation. We investigated the changes in flora and vegetation of Daegwallyeong before and after the grassland formation. The total number of vascular plant species changed throughout the survey period. It was decreased by thinning and forest floor removal in 2015. However, it bounced back to the original number in 2016, even after grazing. However, there was a dramatic decrease after the second forest floor removal and 3 months of grazing in 2017. The number of flora slightly increased after the fallow of grazing in 2019, but it did not fully recover. Although the number of flora seemed back to normal, the composition of the flora in 2019 was significantly changed from the forest without disturbance in 2014. -
Samenkatalog Graz 2018 End.Pdf
SAMENTAUSCHVERZEICHNIS Index Seminum Seed list Catalogue de graines des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Ernte / Harvest / Récolte 2018 Herausgegeben von Christian BERG, Kurt MARQUART, Thomas GALIK & Jonathan WILFLING ebgconsortiumindexseminum2012 Institut für Biology, Februar 2019 Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2 Botanischer Garten Institut für Biologie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Holteigasse 6 A - 8010 Graz, Austria Fax: ++43-316-380-9883 Email- und Telefonkontakt: [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5651 [email protected], Tel.: ++43-316-380-5747 Webseite: http://garten.uni-graz.at/ Zitiervorschlag : BERG, C., MARQUART, K., GALIK, T. & Wilfling, J. (2018): Samentauschverzeichnis – Index Seminum – des Botanischen Gartens der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Samenernte 2018. – 41 S., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Personalstand des Botanischen Gartens Graz: Institutsleiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Christian Sturmbauer Wissenschaftlicher Gartenleiter: Dr. Christian BERG Gartenverwalter: Jonathan WILFLING, B. Sc. GärtnerInnen: Doris ADAM-LACKNER Viola BONGERS Thomas GALIK Margarete HIDEN Kurt MARQUART Franz STIEBER Ulrike STRAUSSBERGER Monika GABER René MICHALSKI Techn. MitarbeiterInnen: Oliver KROPIWNICKI Martina THALHAMMER Gärtnerlehrlinge: Sophia DAMBRICH (2. Lehrjahr) Wanja WIRTL-MÖLBACH (2. Lehrjahr) Gabriel BUCHWALD (3. Lehrjahr) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis / Contents / Table des matières Abkürzungen / List of abbreviations / Abréviations ................................................. -
Damyang Bamboo Field Agriculture System
Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System -Application- Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) February 17, 2020 Damyang County Table of Contents I. Summary ....................................................................................................... 1 II. Description of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ................... 4 1. Value and meaning of applicant site ............................................................... 4 ⅰ. Features of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ..................................... 4 ⅱ. Cycling system within Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ................... 7 iii. Cultural landscape of bamboo community ............................................................ 9 iv. Common value of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System in terms of UN SDGs ............................................................................................................14 2. Features of Damyang Bamboo-field Agriculture System ............................ 20 i. Security of Food and Livelihoods ...........................................................................20 ⅱ. Agro-biodiversity ...................................................................................................34 iii. Traditional Knowledge System& Skills .................................................................52 iv. Cultures, Social Organizations and Value System ...............................................67 v. Landscapes .............................................................................................................79 -
Plant Resources of Mt. Gamak
Korean J. Plant Res. 22(3) : 248~265 (2009) Plant Resources of Mt. Gamak Shin-Ho Kang Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Korea Abstract - This study was performed to investigate the flora and plant resources of Mt. Gamak (537.8 m) from April to October 2007. The collected vascular plants were composed of all 478 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 410 species, 3 subspecies, 61 varieties, and 4 forms of 284 genera under 94 families. Six taxa of the Korean endemic plants and 4 taxa of the rare and endangered plants were also distributed in this mount. Resource plants were categorized into edible 222, pasturing 208, medicinal 183, stainable 134, ornamental 96, timber 20, fiber 6 and industrial 4 taxa, respectively. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle parts in floristic pattern of the Korean Peninsula. Key words - Flora, Resource plants, Mt. Gamak Introduction in Mt. Gamak. Mt. Gamak (675 m, Lat. 37°56'17"N, Long. 126°18'19"E) Materials and Methods is located at the boundary between Jeokseong-myeon of Paju City, Jeongok-myeon of Yeoncheon-Gun and Nam-Myeon Korean endemic and rare and endangered plants were respec- of Yangju-Gun of Gyeonggi Province. For recent five years, tively marked as * and ** in front of their scientific names. the yearly average temperature of this mount area was 11.4℃, The investigation was conducted in each slope and altitude of 37.9℃ as maximum and -26.0℃ as minimum, and average of the mount. -
Title Insect-Flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Ashu, Kyoto
Insect-flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Title Ashu, Kyoto : An Overview of the Flowering Phenology and the Seasonal Pattern of Insect Visits KATO, Makoto; KAKUTANI, Takehiko; INOUE, Tamiji; Author(s) ITINO, Takao Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto Citation University (1990), 27(4): 309-376 Issue Date 1990-08-20 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/156101 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Contr. biol, Lab. Kyoto Univ., Vol. 27, pp. 309-375 Issued 20 August 1990 Insect-flower Relationship in the Primary Beech Forest of Ashu, Kyoto: An Overview of the Flowering Phenology and the Seasonal Pattern of Insect Visitsi Makoto KATo, Takehiko KAKuTANi, Tamiji INouE and Takao I'riNo ABSTRACT In 1984-1987 insect visitors to fiowers were monthly or bimonthly surveyed on 91 plant species or 37 families in the primary beech forest of Ashu, Kyoto, Japan. Flowering season was 186 days from late April to earlyOctober, Thenumber of plant species that concurrently bloomed was four to 11 species from May to mid August and it increased up to 19 in late August. The mean flowering period of a single plant species was 16 days. From April to August flowering periods werestaggered among congenericplant species, e. g., Rubus, Hydrangea and Rhus. A total of 2459 individuals of 715 species in 11 orders of Insecta and two orders of Arachnoidea were collected. The most abundant order was Hymenoptera (39 O/o ofindividuals) and followed by Diptera (35 O/o)and Coleoptera (17 O/o), The number of species was highest in Diptera (41 O/o) and followed by Hymenoptera (26 O/o) and Coleoptera (19 O/o), The numbers of both species and individuals peaked in May and then gradually decreased in summer and auturnn. -
Karyotypes on Five Species of Japanese Geum (Rosaceae)
_??_1993 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 58: 313 -320 , 1993 Karyotypes on Five Species of Japanese Geum (Rosaceae) Yoshikane Iwatsubo and Naohiro Naruhashi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama 930, Japan Accepted May 28, 1993 Geum Linn., a genus of the Rosaceae, comprises about 40 species occurring in the tem perate and arctic regions of both hemispheres (Airy Shaw 1973). Many cytological studies clarified that the species consist of a polyploid series with x=7 and 2n=28, 42, 56, 70 or 84 (Fedorov 1969). While the chromosome numbers for most species in the genus have been determined, no karyotype analyses have been made. In Japan there are five species of Geum; G. aleppicum, G. calthaefolium var. nipponicum, G. japonicum, G. macrophyllum var. sacha linense and G. pentapetalum (Ohwi 1965). Geum calthaefolium var. nipponicum is sometimes placed in Acomastylis, while G. pentapetalum is treated as Sieversia, by some workers (Bolle 1933, Hara 1936, Okuyama 1977, Shimizu 1982, Sugimoto 1978). This paper intends to clarify the cytological relationship of the five Japanese species of Geum through karyotypic studies. Materials and methods The five Japanese species of Geum which were studied are listed in Table 1, along with their collection localities. These plants were grown in the botanic garden of Toyama Uni versity. Root tips were collected from the potted plants, pretreated in a 2mM 8-hydroxyqu inoline solution for one hour at room temperature and then for 15 hr at 5•Ž. After being fixed in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol (1:3) for one hour, the root tips were soaked in 1N HCl for a few hours, macerated in 1N HCl at 60•Ž for 11.5min, and immersed in tap water.