문수산∙옥석산 일대의 관속식물문은 35목 95과 332 느티나무군락, 가래나무군락 등이 나타났으며, 하천부에 속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 698분류군이 나타났다

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문수산∙옥석산 일대의 관속식물문은 35목 95과 332 느티나무군락, 가래나무군락 등이 나타났으며, 하천부에 속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 698분류군이 나타났다 Korean J. Environ. Biol. 27 (2) : 164~175 (2009) 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상 김혜진∙윤충원* 공주대학교 산림자원학과 Vascular Plants of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok Hye-Jin Kim and Chung-Weon Yun* Department of Forest Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-802, Korea Abstract - The flora of the vascular plant in Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok was listed as 689 taxa; 95 families, 332 genus, 600 species, 93 varieties and 5 forms. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 16 taxa were recorded. And endangered plant was recorded by 1 taxa, Iris koreana var. albiflora. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 44 taxa were recorded. According to the specific plant species by classes, class I has 51 taxa, class II has 33 taxa, class III has 28 taxa, class IV has 12 taxa. In class V, we found Houttuynia cordata, but the species was considered to be worthless because it was planted as an ornamental plant in the area. Naturalized plant species were listed as 27 taxa; 99 families, 22 genus, 26 species, 1 varieties. And naturalization index was 3.9%. Key words : flora, rare species, endangered species 금강소나무 문화재용 목재생산림의 탐방객과 백두대간 서론 을 등반하는 등산객들의 남채로 인한 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물의 자생지가 훼손의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 따라서 문수산 (文殊山 1,205 m)∙옥석산 (玉石山 1,247 m) 일 본 연구의 목적은 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상을 파 대는 한반도의 생태권역에서 산악권역을 중심으로 한 악하여 중부 이북 지역의 식물상 분야에 새로운 기초자 남동부산야권역의 일부를 포함하고 있으며 (신 1996), 백 료를 제공하고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 보존 전략 수립에 두대간 태백산맥의 줄기에 위치하여 대부분의 지역이 활용하는 데 있다. 험준한 산악지형으로 인하여 청정 자연환경이 잘 보존 되어 있고, 해발이 높고 기온의 차가 심하여 식물상이 매우 풍부한 지역이다 (기상청 2008; 봉화군 2008). 재료 및 방법 최근 야생 식물에 대한 관심이 높아지고 이 지역 일대 에 분포하는 희귀식물이 점차 알려지기 시작하였다 (오 본 조사지역은 행정구역상 경상북도 봉화군 물야면으 등 1998; 봉화군 2008). 개불알꽃 등을 포함한 희귀성이 로, 위치는 동경 128�48′10′′~128�52′10′′ 북위 36�59′20′′ 매우 높은 분류군의 분포가 알려져 있으나 (봉화군 2008), ~37�00′20′′이고, 경사는 20~25�가약40%의 면적을 점유하고 있었다. * Corresponding author: Chung-Weon Yun, Tel. 041-330-1305, Fax. 041-330-1308, E-mail. [email protected] 식생은 신갈나무군락이 사면상부와 능선부, 정상부에 ─ 164 ─ Vascular Plants of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok 165 Fig. 1. Investigated area. 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었으며, 그 다음으로 금강소나무 군락이 사면 중∙상부에 넓게 분포하고 있었고 (윤과 홍 결과 및 고찰 2000) 사면하부에서 상부까지 일본잎갈나무군락과 잣나 무군락이 조림되어 있었고, 계곡부에 층층나무군락, 들메 1. 식물상 나무군락, 야광나무군락, 느릅나무군락, 고로쇠나무군락, 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 관속식물문은 35목 95과 332 느티나무군락, 가래나무군락 등이 나타났으며, 하천부에 속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 698분류군이 나타났다. 갯버들군락, 달뿌리풀군락 등 총 21개 군락으로 다양한 세부적으로 살펴보면 속새아문은 1목 1과 1속 2종, 양치 식생을 나타내고 있었다. 식물아문의 고사리강은 1목 5과 15속 27종 5변종, 나자 조사는 2008년 5월부터 9월까지 5개월에 걸쳐 6차례 식물강은 1목 3과 4속 4종 1변종 1품종, 피자식물강의 의 현지조사를 통하여 확인된 모든 관속식물의 출현종 단자엽식물아강은 5목 10과 63속 124종 14변종, 쌍자엽 을 기록하고 사진촬영 및 채집을 실시하였다. 식물아강은 27목 76과 249속 443종 73변종 4품종으로 조사경로는 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 주 능선부와 소능 각각 나타났다 (Appendix 1). 선, 계곡부, 계곡부와 연결된 하천부를 중심으로 선정하 였고 (Fig. 1), 식물분류와 동정, 식물종에 대한 배열순서 2. 식물구계학적 특정식물 와 학명의 기재는 ‘대한식물도감’(이 2003)의 분류체계 인 Tippo와 Fuller System으로 정리하였다. 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 특정식물종 중 I등급 식물이 본 지역의 소산식물 중 멸종위기야생식물 (산림청 2005a) 34과 47속 49종 2변종 51분류군, II등급 식물이 21과 30 및 희귀식물 (산림청 2005c), 한국의 특산식물 (산림청 속 29종 4변종 33분류군, III등급 식물이 19과 21속 27 2005b)은 산림청이 정리한 자료에 의거하였으며, 환경부 종 1변종 28분류군, IV등급 식물이 11과 12속 11종 1변 지정 식물구계학적 특정식물종 (김 2000)을 선별하였다. 종 12분류군, V등급 식물이 1과 1속 1종 1분류군으로 또한 임업연구원∙국립수목원 (2002) 자료를 바탕으로 귀 총 125분류군이었으며, 이는 조사지 일대 전체 식물 698 화식물을 정리하였으며, 귀화율 (NI, Naturalization Index) 분류군의 17.9%에 해당되었다 (Appendix 1). 이러한 식 은 沼田眞 (1975)에 의해 총 출현식물종수에 대한 귀화 물구계학적 특정식물의 수는 기존 연구의 봉래산 24분 식물의 총 종수의 비율로 산출하였다. 류군 (조등2007)과 천마산 11분류군 (변등2006)에서 보고된 분류군보다 훨씬 많은 것으로, 이는 최고봉의 높 166 Hye-Jin Kim and Chung-Weon Yun Table 1. Summary of vascular plant taxa collected in Mt. Munsu Table 3. The list of Korean endemic plants in the investigated area and Mt. Okseok Scientific name Common name Tracheophyta Oder Family Genus Species Variety Form Carex okamotoi 지리대사초 Sphenopsida 1 1 1 2 Carex pseudo-chinensis 햇사초 Pteropsida Polygonatum lasianthum var. coreanum 죽대 A. Filicineae 1 5 15 27 5 Tricyrtis dilatata 뻐꾹나리 B. Gymnospermae 1 3 4 4 1 1 Iris koreana var. albiflora 노랑무늬붓꽃 C. Angiospermae Salix hallaisanensis 떡버들 1. Monocotyledoneae 5 10 63 124 14 Salix hulteni 호랑버들 2. Dicotyledoneae 27 76 249 443 73 4 Salix ishidoyana 섬버들 Salix kangensis 강계버들 Total: 698 taxa 35 95 332 600 93 5 Aconogonum mollifolium 얇은개싱아 Melandryum seoulense 가는장구채 Pseudostellaria coreana 참개별꽃 Table 2. The list of rare plants in the investigated area Clematis trichotoma 할미밀망 Thalictrum punctatum 큰잎산꿩의다리 Scientific name Common name Thalictrum rochebrunianum 금꿩의다리 Adenophora grandiflora 도라지모시대 Corydalis grandicalyx 갈퀴현호색 Cypripedium macranthum 개불알꽃 Cardamine amaraeformis 꽃황새냉이 Eranthis stellata 너도바람꽃 Deutzia coreana 매화말발도리 Iris ensata var. spontanea 꽃창포 Filipendula formosa 지리터리풀 Lilium callosum 땅나리 Filipendula glaberrima 터리풀 Lilium distichum 말나리 Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora 조팝나무 Lysimachia coreana 참좁쌀풀 Vicia venosa var. cuspidata 광릉갈퀴 Monotropa hypopithys 구상난풀 Vicia venosissima 노랑갈퀴 Rhododendron micranthum 꼬리진달래 Tilia taquetii 뽕잎피나무 Rodgersia podophylla 도깨비부채 Viola diamantica 금강제비꽃 Saxifraga punctata 톱바위취 Viola seoulensis 서울제비꽃 Silene koreana 끈끈이장구채 Pimpinella koreana 가는참나물 Syringa velutina var. kamibayashii 정향나무 Vaccinium koreanum 산앵도나무 Tricyrtis dilatata 뻐꾹나리 Lysimachia coreana 참좁쌀풀 Viola albida 태백제비꽃 Syringa dilatata 수수꽃다리 Viola diamantica 금강제비꽃 Ajuga spectabilis 자란초 Phlomis koraiensis 산속단 Salvia chanroenica 참배암차즈기 Asperula lasiantha 갈퀴아재비 이와 조사지역 범위 설정 등을 감안하더라도 매우 많은 Rubia pubescens 우단꼭두서니 Lonicera subhispida 털괴불나무 분류군을 보유하고 있는 것으로 사료되었다. Weigela subsessilis 병꽃나무 Adenophora grandiflora 도라지모시대 Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. alpinum 바위구절초 3. 멸종위기식물 Cirsium setidens 고려엉겅퀴 Saussurea calcicola 사창분취 1과 1속 1종 1분류군으로 멸종위기식물 노랑무늬붓꽃 Saussurea nutans 당분취 Saussurea uchiyamana 이 옥석산 정상부의 신갈나무림에서 나타났다. 백두대간 그늘취 Serratula coronata var. insularis 산비장이 마루금이 지나고 있는 옥석산을 찾는 등산객이 많아 등 산로와 매우 인접한 지역에서 나타난 노랑무늬붓꽃에 대한 위험성이 노출되어 있어 이에 대한 대책이 시급한 5. 특산식물 것으로 사료되었다. 조사지역에서 채집된 식물 중 특산식물은 23과 34속 39종 5변종의 총 44분류군으로 조사지역내 분포하는 4. 희귀식물 698분류군중약6.4%에 해당되며, 특산식물로 지정된 희귀식물은 12과 14속 14종 2변종 16분류군으로 확 393종(산림청 2005a) 중약12%로 나타났다 (Table 3). 인되었다 (Table 2). 그 중 꼬리진달래는 능선부의 암석노 그러나 수수꽃다리 (Syringa dilatata)는 운곡천에서 1개 출도가 비교적 높은 소나무림에 분포하고 있었으며, 도 체 출현하여 이는 식재된 것으로 예상되었다. 조사된 특 깨비부채는 높은 피도로 초본층을 점유하고 있었으며, 산식물 중 일반적으로 분포하는 종류를 제외하고 특기 태백제비꽃, 금강제비꽃, 도라지모시대는 주로 사면상부 할만한 식물은 뻐국나리, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 금강제비꽃, 산앵 에 출현하고 있었다. 도나무, 자란초, 도라지모시대 등이 있었다. Vascular Plants of Mt. Munsu and Mt. Okseok 167 Table 4. The list of naturalized plants in the investigated area Scientific name Degree of naturalization Introduction period Common name Bilderdykia convolvulus 31나도닭의덩굴 Persicaria cochinchinensis 31털여뀌 Rumex acetocella 31애기수영 Rumex crispus 51소리쟁이 Chenopodium 51흰명아주 Lepidium apetalum 31다닥냉이 Lepidium virginicum 53콩다닥냉이 Robinia pseudo-acacia 51아까시나무 Trifolium repens 51토끼풀 Oenothera odorata 51달맞이꽃 Oenothera lamarckiana 22큰달맞이꽃 Symphytum officinale 33컴프리 Aster pilosus 43미국쑥부쟁이 Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis 53큰비자루국화 Bidens frondosa 53미국가막사리 Carduus crispus 31지느러미엉겅퀴 Erigeron canadensis 51망초 Coreopsis lanceolata 22큰금계국 Erigeron annuus 51개망초 Galinsoga ciliata 33털별꽃아재비 Sonchus oleraceus 31방가지똥 Taraxacum officinale 51서양민들레 Avena fatua 41메귀리 Bromus tectorum 32털빕새귀리 Dactylis glomerata 53오리새 Elymus repens 13구주개밀 Houttuynia cordata 11약모밀 Degree of naturalization (5: Common and abundant, 4: Local but abundant plant, 3: Common but not abundant, 2: Local and not abundant plant, 1: Rare plant), Introduction period (1: before 1912 and 1912~1921, 2: 1922~1963, 3: 1964~present) 6. 귀화식물 속 1종 1분류군으로 노랑무늬붓꽃이 나타났고, 특산식물 은 23과 34속 39종 5변종의 총 44분류군으로 나타났다. 본 조사지역에서 귀화식물은 9과 22속 26종 1변종 27 또한 식물구계학적 특정식물은 I등급 식물이 34과 47속 분류군이 확인되었으며 (Table 4), 귀화율은 3.9%로나타 49종 2변종 51분류군, II등급 식물이 21과 30속 29종 4 났다. 최근들어 국제화에 따른 교역량의 증가 등으로 침 변종 33분류군, III등급 식물이 19과 21속 27종 1변종 입외래종이 늘어나고, 생물다양성협약과 같은 국제적협 28분류군, IV등급 식물이 11과 12속 11종 1변종 12분류 약이나 기구들도 생태적 위해성에 우려를 표하고 있는 군, V등급 식물이 1과 1속 1종 1분류군으로 총 125분류 현실이다 (임업연구원∙국립수목원 2002). 특히, 귀화도 군이었다. 그러나 조사지역에서 발견된 약모밀 (Houttuy- 4 이상이면서 이입시기 3기인 식물은 급속도로 전국으 nia cordata)은 식재된 것으로 판단되었다. 귀화식물은 9 로 확산될 가능성을 가지고 있는 식물로 본 조사에서는 과 22속 26종 1변종 27분류군이 확인되었으며, 귀화율 콩다닥냉이, 미국쑥부쟁이, 큰비자루국화, 미국가막사리, 은 3.9%로 나타났다. 오리새가 나타났으며 (Table 4), 이에 대한 조사와 모니터 링 및 관리대책이 요구되었다. 참고문헌 적요 기상청. 2008. 기후통계자료. 김철환. 2000. 자연환경 평가-I. 식물군의 선정-. 환경생물. 문수산∙옥석산 일대의 식물상을 조사한 결과 관속식 18(1):163-198. 물문은 35목 95과 332속 600종 93변종 5품종으로 총 변무섭, 오현경, 김영하, 김달호. 2006. 천마산일대의 관속식 698분류군으로 나타났다. 희귀식물은 12과 14속 14종 2 물 분포와 군락 분류. 한국산림휴양학회지. 10(4):11-19. 변종 16분류군으로 확인되었으며, 멸종위기식물은 1과 1 봉화군. 2008. 백두대간 생태계의 보전 전략과 과제 심포지 168 Hye-Jin Kim and Chung-Weon Yun 엄. 126pp. 한연구-식물사회학적 분석방법으로-. 한국임학회지. 87(1): 산림청. 2005a. 멸종위기야생식물. 국가생물종시스템 (http:// 27-39. www.nature.go.kr/). 윤충원, 홍성천. 2000. 금강송림의 식생유형분류에 관한 연 산림청. 2005b. 특산식물목록. 국가생물종시스템 (http://www. 구. 한국임학회지. 89(3):310-322. nature.go.kr/). 이창복. 2003. 원색 대한식물도감. 향문사, 서울. 910pp. 산림청. 2005c. 희귀식물목록. 국가생물종시스템 (http://www. 임업연구원∙국립수목원.
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