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Abstract Expressionism, Avedon, Richard, Agenoux, Soren, n Avison, Margaret, Albright, Thomas J., Aldan, Daisy, n Baraka, Amiri. See Jones, LeRoi Algerian War, – Barnes, Djuna, Allen, Donald, , , , , , Barthes, Roland, Alvarez, Alfred, Bashlow, Robert, American Express, The (Corso), , , Bastard Angel (little magazine), –; language in, Beards and Brown Bags (collection), Amram, David, , , Beat (short film), Anagogic & Paideumic Review (little magazine), Beat, definitions of, xi, –, –, , –, –, , –, , –, – anarcho-pacifism, – Beat and BeatificII(collection), Anderson, C. V. J., , , – Beat Beat Beat, Anderson, Jack, Beat Coast East: An Anthology of Rebellion, , Anderson, Joan, –, , And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks Beat Generation: coining of, , , , ; (Kerouac and Burroughs), –, , ; disaffiliation of, –; and gender, ; Kammerer murder in, –, ; queer and Howl obscenity trial, ; and jazz, ; relationships in, ; radical left politics in, marketing of, , , ; origins of, xi–xii, Ansen, Alan, , , –, ; Buddhism –, ; politics of, –, ; as religious in, ; Disorderly Houses, ; “Heroin An movement, ; and violence, –, , Ode,” ; literary tradition in, ; The Old , –; women, erasure of, Religion, –; “The Return from Beat Generation, The (film and novel), Greece,” Beat Generation and the Angry Young Men, The Ant, Howard, (anthology), Ark, The (little magazine), –, , , , Beat Girl (Golightly), ; radical politics of, Beat Hotel (Norse), –; cut-up method in, Ark II Moby I (little magazine), –, , Beat Hotel (Paris), , , , , Armstrong, Tim, Beatitude (little magazine), , , –, Aronowitz, Alfred, , –, , , , , , ; Beat Generation, meditations – on, –; editorship of, , n; Artaud, Antonin, founding of, n; writers in, Ashbery, John, Beatitude Anthology, , Auden, W. H., , Beatitude/east (little magazine), – Auerhahn Press, , , , , Beat literature: as amateurish, , , ; autofiction, anthologies of, ; antiwar writing, ;in avant-garde, the: and American poetry, ;as Black Mountain Review, –; and anti-academic, , ; and community, Buddhism, , ; canon formation of, – ; commodification of, ;
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Beat literature: (cont.) Angel Midnight in, ; production quality of, and community, –, –, , –; and eco-consciousness, ; and Birth (little magazine), , , environmentalism, , ; first-person Birth Press, , narration in, ; and genre, ; intimate Black Bourgeoisie (Frazier), – identification of, ; and jazz, ; as literary Blackburn, Paul, movement, , ; and little magazines, , Black Mountain College, ; folding of, –; and New Criticism, , –, Black Mountain Review (little magazine), –, , , ; and poetics of intimacy, ; –, and politics, , ; and queer Black Mountain School, –, –, , , underground, –, , , –; and –, , ; communal intimacy of, radical politics, ; relationship of language ;influence on Beats, , and “the real,” –, , –, –, blackness, –, –; and invisibility, –, –, –, , –, ; in Kaufman, –, –;in –; and spontaneity, ; and the Kupferberg, –; in LeRoi Jones, underground, –, –, –, –, –, ;inOn the Road, –;in ; and violence, , ; violence against Stephen Tropp, ; in Ted Joans, ;in women in, ; women in, –, –, “The White Negro,” –;inWho Walk –, –, –, –; in Darkness, – worlding of, Blake, William, Beat Museum, Blaser, Robin, Beatniks: as caricature, , , –, , Bloody Brood, The, , , , , ; and free love, ; Bodenheim, Maxwell, , and kitsch, Bowles, Jane, Beatniks, The (film), Bowles, Paul, Beat poetry: and academic verse, , ; and Boyer, Paul, jazz, , , , , , , ; Brâncuși, Constantin, marketing of, ; and New Criticism, . Bremser, Bonnie, , –; Troia; Mexican See also individual authors and texts Memoirs (B. Bremser), – “Beat” Poets (anthology), Bremser, Ray, , , , , –, Beat Scene, The (anthology), , , , , ; Angel, ; “blues for bonnie,” ; , , , , incarceration of, ; “Part III (Poems of the Beat sensibility: and Black Mountain School, ; City Madness),” ; Poems of Madness, commodification of, ; fracturing of, ; –;inPoems to Fernando, and inclusivity, ; and literature, ; and Brink, The (film), little magazines, ; as neoromantic, ; and Brooks, Cleanth, , , , , the New York underground, xii, ; and Brossard, Chandler, , , ,inHippos, ;on s counterculture, ; and s youth Neurotica, . See also Who Walk in Darkness culture, ; origins of, ; and slang, ; (Brossard) and Yugen, Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoyevsky), Beats, The (anthology), Broyard, Anatole, –, , , , , ; Beatsville, Kafka Was the Rage, ; “Village Café,” ; Beatville, U.S.A. (Mandel), –, in Who Walk in Darkness, – Beautiful Days, The (Spellman), Bucket of Blood, A (film), Beiles, Sinclair, , Buddhism and Beat literature, , ;inThe Bell Jar, The (Plath), Dharma Bums, –; in Ginsberg, ;in Bergé, Carol, , –;inFour Young Lady Moraff, ; and Old Angel Midnight, Poets, ; “tessa’s song,” – –; in Snyder, , ; in Whalen, Berman, Wallace, , , , – Bernstein, Leonard, Burns, Jim, Bewley, Marius, Burroughs, William S., xi–xii, , , , , Big Sur (Kerouac), , , , , , , on the Beat Hotel, Big Table (little magazine), , , –, ;inBlack Mountain Review, ; cut-up , ; obscenity controversy, ; Old method, , , –, –, ;as
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expatriate, ; Exterminator, The, ; first- Cook, Donald, person narration in, ; and Kammerer Corman, Cid, murder, –, ; killing of Joan, , ; Corso, Gregory, xii, , , , –, , Minutes to Go, , ; and DNC, , , –, , ; Algerian War ; on the novel, ; Nova Trilogy, ; the and, –; The American Express, , routine in, ; sex in, ; Third Mind, The, –; criminal record of, ; on cut-up , ; and the underground, . See also method, ; “Bomb,” –, ; individual works “Marriage,” –; Minutes to Go Burroughs, William S., Jr, collaboration, ;onNaked Lunch, ; and performance, ; “Poets Hitchhiking on the Caen, Herb, Highway,” ;inPull My Daisy, , ;in Cage, John, “The Return from Greece,” ;on Gallery Cain’s Book (Trocchi), , reading, –; and “tyranny of the real,” Calonne, David Stephen, –; on violence, , –; and Cannastra, William, ; death of, , ;inGo, Yugen, . See also individual works , Cory, Donald Webster, Capote, Truman: on Beat writers, Cowen, Elise, , , –, , , Carden, Mary Paniccia, , , n; Ginsberg, relationship with, ; Carr, Lucien, xii, ; murder of Kammerer, xii, Minor Characters as elegy for, –; , –, –. See also And the Hippos Were mythologizing of, ; Poems and Fragments Boiled in Their Tanks (Kerouac and (Cowen), –; posthumous publications, Burroughs) ; suicide of, Carroll, Paul, , , Cowley, Malcolm, , Cassady, Carolyn, , Creeley, Robert, , , , , Cassady, Neal, xii, , , , , ; death of, cummings, e.e., , ;in“Howl,” –; “Joan Anderson Cunningham, Merce, letter,” –, ; mythologizing of, –, cut-up method, , –;inBeat Hotel, ; as democratic, ; development of, ; Charters, Ann, , , ; on Bonnie Bremser, in Minutes to Go, ; and New Criticism, ;onGo, ;onOld Angel Midnight, ; ; and politics, ;inThe Soft Machine, on On the Road, ; on Orlovsky, ; and Yeah, Charters, Samuel, , Chase, Hal, Dada, Cherkovski, Neeli, Dahlberg, Edward, Chicago Review (little magazine), ; censoring Damon, Maria, , , , of, – Dante, Ciardi, John, , Davidson, Michael, , Circle (little magazine), Davis, Miles, City Lights Books (publisher), , , ; and Dawson, Fielding, Howl obscenity trial, ; Pocket Poets series, deconstruction, City Lights Bookstore, , de Kooning, Willem, Clad, Noel, Delattre, Pierre, , ; “Woman in a Clark, Walter Van Tilberg, Bohemian Bar,” Clean Asshole Poems & Smiling Vegetable Songs Deleuze, Gilles, n (Orlovsky), –, Dempsey, David, Co-Existence Bagel Shop, , , Derrida, Jacques, Come and Join the Dance (J. Johnson), –, Desolation Angels (Kerouac), , , ; as critique of On the Road, –; jazz in, , ; the outlaw in, Dewhurst, Robert, Coney Island of the Mind, A (Ferlinghetti), , Dharma Bums, The (Kerouac), , –; and –, , ; “Constantly risking Buddhism in, –, ; composition of, absurdity,” –; “Dog,” –; and ; language and representation in, ; “the jazz, ; sales of, real” in, ; Gallery reading in, , ; Contour (little magazine), spontaneity in, ,
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Dickinson, Emily, – Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, , , ; Dinners & Nightmares (di Prima), –; “Autobiography,” ; City Lights Bookstore, domestic labor in, –; gender critique , ; Coney Island of the Mind, A, of, ; hip slang in, –; form in, ; Her, , , di Prima, Diane, , , , , , –; and Howl obscenity trial, ; –, , , ; activism of, ; and politics, , , ; See also authenticity in, ; critical neglect of, ; City Lights Books (publisher); and individual editorship of The Floating Bear, works –, ; gender critique of, , ; Filreis, Al, “The Lovers,” ; Memoirs of a Beatnik, , Finnegans Wake (Joyce), , ; New Handbook of Heaven, The, ; and Flame (little magazine), politics, ; War Poems, editing of, Flee the Angry Strangers (Mandel), , , , , ; documentary mode of, –; disaffiliation, , –, , ; and underground in, Kaufman, Floating Bear, The (little magazine), –, Doctor Sax (Kerouac), , ; and community formation, ; Dont Look Back (film), obscenity charges against, ; political work Dorfman, Elsa, in, –, ; writers in, Dorn, Ed, Flower Thief, The(film), Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, Four Young Lady Poets (collection), , Douglas, Ann, –, Doyle, Kirby, Foye, Raymond, Dr. Strangelove, or: How I Stopped Worrying and Franco, Bea, Learned to Love the Bomb, Frank, Robert, – Duncan, Robert, –, , , ;on Frazier, E. Franklin, Projective Verse, Fuck You / A Magazine of the Arts (little Dylan, Bob, , , magazine), , , , Fuck You Press, Eberhart, Richard, , Fugate, Caril, Ekstasis (Lamantia), –; “Binoculars,” Fugs, The, , , – –; Christian imagery in, –; Fuller, John G., “Fu¨d at Foster’s,” ; “Immediate Life,” funk, , ; McClure in, ; mysticism in, Gaddis, William, ; The Recognitions, Eliot, T. S., , –, , ;influence on GALLERY OF WOMEN (weiss), Her, – Elliott, Don, Gaslight Café, –, Ellis, R. J., , Gasoline (Corso), –, , ; Ellison, Ralph, geographic orientation of, Elvins, Kells, Genet, Jean, Emerson, Ralph Waldo, Genette, Gerard, Epstein, Andrew, , n Gewirtz, Isaac, , Evergreen Review (little magazine), , ; San Giardello, Joey, Francisco Scene issue, , Ginsberg, Allen, xii, , , , , , ; Everson, William (Brother Antoninus), –, “America,” ; at the Beat Hotel, ; existentialism, , “The Bloodsong,” –; on Corso, ; and cut-up method, ; early publications, factualism: defined, ;inJunky, – –; “Ignu,” ; institutionalization of, Fall of America: Poems of These States, –, ; “Kaddish,” , ; Kaddish and Other The (Ginsberg), , –; “Kansas City Poems, -, ; and Kammerer to St. Louis,” murder, –; marketing of, –, , ; Faulkner, William, “On Burrough’s Work,” ; on projective Fazzino, Jimmy, verse, ;inPull My Daisy, ; radical left Ferguson, Frances, politics of, ; “Sakyamuni,” –;
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Gallery reading, –;on Gallery Police in, –; as prose poem, ; reading, ; “These States into L.A.,” ; wordplay in, , Vietnam-era poetry of, –; violence in, Hernandez, Tim Z., ; “Wichita Vortex Sutra,” , –; hipsterism: as performance, –; and violence, William Blake, Ginsberg’s visions of, –;inWho Walk in Darkness, Giroux, Robert, hipsters: as Beat, ; and Beat generation, ;in Glass, Loren, Beat literature, ; as distinct from Beats, Go (Holmes), , –;affinities with On the –; as embodiment of underground, ; Road, ; ethnographic mode of, –;as and individualism, ;inJunky, ;inNaked first Beat novel, ;asroman a clef, ; third- Lunch, ;inThe Recognitions, ;inThe person narration of, , ; underground in, Town and the City, ; violence against women in, – Hipsters, The (Joans), , , , , , Gold, Herbert, , ; Beatnik caricature in, ; as colonial Golding, Alan, critique, ; routines in, ; as satire, Golightly, Bonnie, Hoffman, Abbie, ; Steal This Book, Goodman, Paul, –, , ; on avant-garde Hoffman, John, , –, writing, Hollander, John, Grace, Nancy M., , ; on Pommy Vega, Holmes, John Clellon, xii, , , , , , ; on weiss, , ; on Beat generation, ; Beat Grateful Dead, Generation, naming of, , ; Ginsberg, Grauerholz, James, , introduction to, ; Kerouac, introduction to, Graves, Robert, ; “Tea for Two,” ; “This Is the Beat Green, Mark: “A Night in the Coffee Gallery,” Generation,” , –, Holy Barbarians, The (Lipton), –, Guattari, Félix, n homophobia: in Junky, ; and Kammerer Guggenheim, Peggy, – murder, Guns of the Trees (film), homosexuality: criminalization of, –; and Gysin, Brion, , , , , ; cut-up masculinity, ; pathologizing of, ;in method, , , ; Minutes to Go, ; Queer, –. See also Queer (Burroughs) Third Mind, The, Horn, Clayton, Horn, The (Holmes), , Hamilton, Cynthia, Hotel Wentley Poems, The (Wieners), –, Happy Birthday of Death, The (Corso), , , ; “A poem for cock suckers,” –; “A –, , poem for painters,” –; “A poem for tea Harmon, James, , heads,” –; “A poem for the insane,” Harrington, Alan, , Harris, Kaplan, Howe, Irving, Harris, Oliver, xi, , ;on“mythology” Howl (film), of Naked Lunch, ; on Nova Trilogy, “Howl” (Ginsberg), xii, –; Cassady in, n –; community in, –; gender in, Harrison, K.C., ;influence of Williams on, ; Hart, Howard, Kupferberg on, ; Moloch in, –; and Haselwood, Dave, , Pull My Daisy, ; structure of, ; Haverty, Joan, , Gallery reading of, , –; us-versus- Haydn, Hiram, them binary in, Haynes, Grover, , Howl and Other Poems (Ginsberg), , , , ; Haynes, Rosie, obscenity trial, , , –, , Hebdige, Dick, Hudson Review (little magazine), Helbrant, Maurice, Human Be-In, Hemingway, Ernest, , , ; on Beat Human Songs (K. Johnson), , –; “An Generation, Adolescent Song,” ; gender expression in, Henderson, LuAnne, –; gender in, ; “In the Kitchen of Her (Ferlinghetti), , , ; Beat literary My Spirit,” ; “A Non-Sexual Song,” allusions in, ; Interzone in, ; Poetry Huncke, Herbert, , , , ; on Cowen,
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Hungry Generation, Junky (Burroughs), , , –, ;as Hunt, Tim, , , , ; on sketching, critique of dominant culture, n; declarative style of, ; documentary mode of, Hymns to St. Geryon and Other Poems (McClure); ; drug underground in, –, , ;as “For the Death of Whales,” , ; experimental text, ; factualism of, –, “Peyote Poem,” –, –, ; first-person narration of, , ; Glossary of, ; hipsters in, ; homophobia Interzone (Burroughs), , –, ; facts in, in, ; marketing of, –; prologue of, , ; the routine in, – ; pseudo-academic style of, ; publication In the Bronx and Other Stories (Micheline), history of, , n; publisher’s note to, –; “This Glory Called Civilization,” ; “Whiskey, Madness and Bellevue,” Kafka, Franz, In This Hung-Up Age (Corso), –, Kakutani, Michiko, – Kammerer, David, ; friendship with Chandler Invisible Man (Ellison), Brossard, ; murder of, xii, –, –. See also And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks Jackson, David, – (Kerouac and Burroughs) Jazz Poems (Joans), , Kandel, Lenore, , , , –, ; Jefferson Airplane, “All I have in the world,” –;ascoffee Joans, Joyce, house poet, –; An Exquisite Navel, , Joans, Ted, –, , , , –; ; “First They Slaughtered the Angels,” ; Beatnik performance of, –; “Extra The Love Book, , , ; A Passing Cool,” ; on funk, ; Jazz Poems, , Dragon, –; A Passing Dragon Seen , ; race in, ; “The Sermon,” Again, –, . See also Hipsters, The (Joans) Kasper, John, Johnson, Joyce, , –, in Cowen, ; Katz, Eliot, , , Kerouac, relationship with, , , . See Katzman, Don, , also Come and Join the Dance (J. Johnson); Kaufman, Bob, , , , , , , ; Minor Characters (J. Johnson) “Abomunist Manifesto,” , –; “Bagel Johnson, Kay, , , –, Corso Shop Jazz,” , ; Beatitude, editorship of, influence on, –; “the emerald city,” , ;inThe Flower Thief, ; oral poetry –; as Kaja, ; “poems from paris,” of, , ; race in, ; silent war protest of, –; the sacred in, –. See also ; “West Coast Sounds – ,” – Human Songs (K. Johnson) Kaufman, Eileen, , Johnson, Lyndon, – Keats, John: “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” Johnson, Ronna C., , , ;onCome and Kelly, John, , ; on Abomunism, Join the Dance, Kerouac, Jack, xi, , ; “After Me, the Jones, Hettie, , –, , ; How Deluge,” ; alcoholism of, ; as Beat I Became Hettie Jones, ; publication of mystic, ; Beat Generation (play), ; and Yugen, – Buddhism, ; conservative politics of, ; Jones, LeRoi (Amiri Baraka), –, , , “Essentials of Spontaneous Prose,” ;on , , –;affair with di Prima, ; hipsters vs. Beats, ; on Holmes, ; “Black Art,” ; on bohemianism, –; intimacy, poetics of, , ; “I Wish I Were editorship of The Floating Bear, –; You,” ; and Kammerer murder, ; “The “Hymn to Lanie Poo,” –; name Mexican Girl,” ; poetics of, ; Pull My change, ; “One Night Stand,” –; Daisy narration, ; rejection of New Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note, , Criticism, –; romanticism of, ; The ; publication of Yugen, –, ; race Scripture of the Golden Eternity, , ; and in, – sexuality, ; Some of the Dharma, ; Journal for the Protection of All Beings (little spontaneous prose of, –, , , –, magazine), , , , , , ; on Stein, ; Joyce, James, ;influence in Her, Tristessa, . See also individual works Kerouac, Jan, Junge Amerikanische Lyrik (collection), Kill Your Darlings (film),
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King, Basil, , Look Homeward, Angel (Wolfe), Kiplinger, Suzanne, Lorentzen, Christian, Klonsky, Milton, , , ; on hipster societies, Lorraine, Lilith (Mary M. Wright), ;inWho Walk in Darkness, Lost Generation, , ; Beats as successors to, Knight, Brenda, , ; contrasted with Beat Generation, , ; Koch, Kenneth, in On the Road, Krim, Seymour, , , Lowell, Robert, –, Kristeva, Julia, Lowry, Robert, – Kubrick, Stanley, Lunch Poems (O’Hara), Kupferberg, Tuli, , , –, , , Lydenberg, Robin, , n –; Beating, –, ; blackness in, ; community in, ; Fuck Nam; Mabley, Jack, A Morality Play, ; “Greenwich Village of Maclaine, Christopher, , My Dreams,” ;on“Howl,” ; Mac Low, Jackson, Ways to Beat the Draft, ; on the political, Mad (humor magazine), , ; and politics, ; Snow Job, Mailer, Norman, ; Armies of the Night, ;on –; Swing (little magazine), Naked Lunch, ; The Naked and the Dead, ; Kuralt, Charles, “The White Negro,” , –, , Kyger, Joanne, , , , –; marriage Mandel, George, , . See Flee the Angry to Snyder, ;onOld Angel Midnight, ; Strangers (Mandel) on Projective Verse, ; Strange Big Moon: The Mann, Carol, Japan and Indian Journals, –, ; The Man Who Invented Gold, The (short film), Tapestry and the Web, –, , Many Loves of Doby Gillis, The (television series), Lamantia, Philip, , , , ; as Beat Margolis, William J., , , , ; “Flash mystic, ; “Binoculars,” ; Catholicism, Bulb Photo of the Poet’s Impromptu,” ; return to, ; drug addiction of, ; Erotic “Poem to My Self,” Poems, ;in“Howl,” ; Narcotica, , Marin, Sutter, , ; Gallery reading, –, , ; Marker, Adelbert Lewis, , “weir” of, . See also Ekstasis (Lamantia) Marlowe, Alan, Landesman, Jay, – Marshall, Edward, –, , Lang, V. R. “Bunny,” Martinelli, Sheri, , , , , –; Latham, Aaron, Anagogic & Paideumic Review, –; Laughlin, James, , “Duties of a Lady Female,” , –; LaVigne, Robert, , “The Last Days of North Beach in San Lazarus, Emma, Francisco,” ; “On Loving Many,” ; Leary, Timothy, sexual desire in, Le Blanc, Peter, Marxist theory, Lee, A. Robert, , Masters, Edgar Lee, Lee, Gilbert, McBride, Richard, n Lee, Peggy, McClure, Michael, –, , , , Legman, Gershon, –, ; and Buddhism, ; “Fuck Lehman, David, Essay,” ; Ghost Tantras, , ; and Leslie, Alfred, – politics, , ; “Poisoned Wheat,” ; Levertov, Denise, , on Projective Verse, ; “Rant Block,” Light Years poets, , – –; Gallery reading, –, . Like I Say (Whalen), , , ; divided self See also Hymns to St. Geryon and Other Poems in, (McClure) Lindner, Robert, McDarrah, Fred, , , , Lipton, Lawrence, – McGurl, Mark, Loewinsohn, Ron, , , , –; McLuhan, Marshall, , Watermelons, – McNamara, Robert, Loewinsohn, Sue, Measure (little magazine), , n Lonergan, Wayne, Mekas, Jonas,
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Meltzer, David, , –, ; Beat Thing, first-person narration of, ; novel form, ; “Journal of Birth,” ; Poems, ; and challenge to, ; as postmodern, ; politics, ; Ragas, –; San Francisco publication history of, n; queerness in, Beat, n; radical style of, , –; “restored Meltzer, Tina, text” of, ; as satire, ; spontaneity in, , Memoirs of an Interglacial Age (Whalen), , ; underground in, ; violence in, ; divided self in, ; “From a Letter to Narcotic Agent (Helbrant), Ron Loewinsohn, :xi:,” ; “A Press Narcotica (Lamantia), , , Release,” Naturalism, Merrill, James, – Needle, The (little magazine), Metalious, Grace, Nervous Set, The (Landesman), n Metropolis (film), Neurotica (little magazine), –, , Mexico City Blues (Kerouac), , , ; New American Poetry, The, , , –, spontaneous phrasing in, , , , , , Micheline, Jack, , , ; In the Bronx and new consciousness, xii, , , , , ; Other Stories, –; River of Red Wine, in The American Express, ; and –; as street poet, contemporary consciousness, ; and new Miles, Barry, , , , n language, Miller, Henry, , New Criticism, , ; and Beat literature, Mills, C. Wright, , –, , , ; and cut-up Millstein, Gilbert, , –, , method, ; and paradox, ; and Mind Breaths (Ginsberg), selectivity, –; and unity, –, Minor Characters (J. Johnson), , –, , ; as elegy for Cowen, –, New York School, –, –, , –, Minutes to Go (Burroughs, Gysin, et al), , ; communal intimacy of, ; and ; cut-up method in, , – Personism, Miscellaneous Man, The (little magazine), New Yorker (magazine), , n Mitchell, John, , Nichols, Clinton, Modernism, , , ; and Her, ;inThe Nichols, Robert, Town and the City, Nicosia, Gerald, ;onVisions of Cody, Moloch; in Broyard, ;in“Howl,” –; Nielsen, Aldon Lynn, in Narcotica, ; in Rexroth, Nightwood (Barnes), Monk, Thelonius, Nord, Eric, , Moore, Marianne, , Norse, Harold, , –, . See also Beat Moore, Steven, Hotel (Norse) Moraff, Barbara, , , –; “Another nouveau roman, , Plain Poem,” ; and Buddhism, ;in nuclear sublime, – Four Young Lady Poets, ; humor in, ; interconnectedness in, ; “Pome,” ; O’Hara, Frank, –, ; intimate poetics of, subjectivity in, –; “tom, the ; Lunch Poems, ; “Personism: existentialiste,” A Manifesto,” –, , Morgan, Bill, , –, , , Old Angel Midnight (Kerouac), , , Morris, William, –, ; “What really –, ; and Buddhism, –; and happened at the Gasbag,” literary history, ; spontaneity in, ; Muir, John, spontaneous prose in, ; wordplay in, Munch, Edvard, Olson, Charles, , , , , ; form in, Murao, Shigeyoshi, , ; Projective Verse, –, , Murphy, Timothy, O’Neil, Paul, –, – Myths & Texts (Snyder), – Ways to Beat the Draft (Bashlow and Kupferberg), , Naked Lunch (Burroughs), xii, , , –; On the Road (Kerouac), xii, , , –, ; “Atrophied Preface” to, ; as catalogue of and authenticity, ; Cassady in, xii; underground experience, ; as critique of celebratory tone of, ; composition of, control, , ; drug underground in, ; –, ; factualism of, ; as elegy for
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Cassady, ; first-person narration of, , , Hermit, ; Poems to Fernando, –; ;as“horizontal” novel, , ; marketing travel writing of, of, ; romanticization of poverty in, –; Ponsot, Marie, violence against women in, – Portable Beat Reader, The (anthology), , Oppenheimer, Joel, , Pound, Ezra, – Orlovsky, Peter, , , , , , ;at Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note the Beat Hotel, ; Clean Asshole Poems & (L. Jones), , – Smiling Vegetable Songs, –, ; poetry projective verse, –, of, –; spontaneity in, ; in Pull My Propper, Dan, ; Fable of the Final Hour and Daisy, , Other Poems, The, O’Sullivan, Padriec (Paddy), –, Pull My Daisy (film), , –; and Outsider (little magazine), , , ; writers authenticity, –; gender dynamics in, in, ; goofing in, , –; performed Owen, Wilfred, spontaneity of, – Owens, Rochelle: in Four Young Lady Poets, Queer (Burroughs), , –; homophobia in, ; homosexual underground in, ; Parker, Charlie, , homosexuality in, –; introduction to, ; Parkinson, Thomas, masculinity in, –; publication history of, Parra, Nicanor, ; queer relationships in, ; the routine in, Partisan Review (little magazine), , , , , ; third-person narration of, – Patchen, Kenneth, –, queer underground, , ; and Beat literature, Paterson (W. C. Williams), –, , , – Peabody, Richard, Pentagon Exorcism, Ragas (Meltzer), –; the domestic in, ; Perkins, Michael, fragmented form of, ; “Ward Poem,” Perloff, Marjorie, Rahv, Philip, “Personism: A Manifesto” (O’Hara), , , Ransom, John Crowe, Raskin, Jonah, Peyton Place (Metalious), , Rauschenberg, Robert, Phillips, Rod, Read, Herbert, Pictures of the Gone World (Ferlinghetti), , Ready, David, – Real Bohemia: A Sociological and Psychological Study Planet News, – (Ginsberg), , of the “Beats,” The (Rigney and Smith), Plath, Sylvia, Rebel Set, The, Playboy (magazine), Recognitions, The (Gaddis), Plymell, Charles, Reisner, Robert, Pocket Poets series, , . See also City Lights Residu (little magazine), Books (publisher) Rexroth, Kenneth, –, , ; Beats, Podhoretz, Norman, –, , , , relationship to, ; and disaffiliation, , , ; and Howl obscenity trial, ; Poems and Fragments (Cowen), –; Trigilio Gallery reading, ; “Thou Shall Not Kill,” introduction to, Poems of Madness (R. Bremser), –, Rice, Ron, Poems to Fernando (Pommy Vega), –; Richter, Daniel, “Poem against Endless Mass Poetry Readings,” Riesman, David, Riprap (Snyder), –; and Buddhism, ; Poesia Degli Ultimi Americani (anthology), “Milton by Firelight,” ; power of words in, ; “Riprap,” –, ; “the real” in, Poetry of the Beat Generation: As Read in the ; “A Stone Garden,” Gaslight (anthology), –, River of Red Wine (Micheline), –, ; Poets Union Press (PUP), , Kerouac introduction to, ; marketing of, Pommy Vega, Janine, , , , , –; “Elise,” –; Journal of a Roberts, John, –
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Romney, Hugh (Wavy Gravy), Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness (Kaufman), Rosenthal, Irving, , –, , ;on Cowen, ; Sheeper, Solomon, Carl, –, ; “The Bughouse,” Rosset, Barney, ;in“Howl,” ; Junky, marketing of, ; Rowe, James, publisher’s note to Junky, Rubin, Jerry, – Sommerville, Ian, Rumaker, Michael, Sorrentino, Gilbert, , Spellman, A.B., San Francisco Renaissance, , –, ; Beat Spicer, Jack, , , , Generation, conflation with, ; communal spontaneous prose, –, ; and Cain’s intimacy of, Book, ; critiques of, ; and jazz, ;of Sanders, Ed, , , , –, n; Kerouac, –, , , –, , ;in Fuck You/A Magazine of the Arts (little Old Angel Midnight, ; and representation, magazine), –; Fug You, , ; ; and sketching, , ; and subjectivity, performance poetry of, , ; Poem from , ;inThe Subterraneans, , ; and Jail, ; Poetry and Life of Allen Ginsberg, Troia; Mexican Memoirs (B. Bremser), ;in The, ; “Song of the Eye-Heart Mind,” ; Visions of Cody, , on Vietnam War, Spoon River Anthology (Masters), Sargeant, Jack, Stamm, Claus, Savage, Jon, Starkweather, Charles, Sayre, Nora, Stephenson, Gregory, , – Scalapino, Leslie, Steps (weiss), – Schenker, Donald, Styron, William, Schorer, Mark, Subterraneans, The (Kerouac), , , ; Schuyler, James, and jazz, , ; spontaneous prose in, , Schuyler, John, Schwartz, Delmore, – Suzuki, Sam, Selerie, Gavin, Swing (little magazine), Semina (little magazine), , , Seventh Street: Poems from Les Deux Megots Tallman, Warren, – (anthology), – Tarlow, Aya, – Sewanee Review (little magazine), , Theado, Matt, – Shaw, Lytle, This Kind of Bird Flies Backward (di Prima), Shulman, Howard, –, , , ; authenticity in, ; Simpson, Louis, female subjectivity in, simulacrum: Life photograph as, Three Penny Press, Sinking Bear, The (little magazine), n Tietchen, Todd, ; on City Lights, Sisk, John, Tillich, Paul, Sitwell, Edith, Topp, Sylvia, Gallery reading, –;inThe Dharma Totem Press, , , –, Bums, Town and the City, The (Kerouac), –, ; Skau, Michael, , hipsters in, , ; and Kammerer murder, , Skerl, Jennie, n ; Modernism, critique of, , ; as proto- Skir, Leo, – beat, ; third-person narration of, , ; Smith, William Raymond, underground in, , Snodgrass, W. D., Trigilio, Tony, , , , Snyder, Gary, –, , –, –, Trilling, Lionel, , ; and Buddhism, ; marriage to Kyger, Trocchi, Alexander, –; Cain’s Book, , ; Mountains and Rivers without End, ; Myths & Texts, –; “On Vulture Peak,” Troia: Mexican Memoirs (B. Bremser), ; power of language in, , ; Riprap, –; capitalism, critique of, ; –; Gallery reading, –; Turtle community in, , ; composition of, ; Island, as emulation of spontaneous prose, ; form social media, ; as Beat utopia, of, Soft Machine, The (Burroughs), , Tropp, Stephen, ; Mozart in Hell,
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Tytell, John, , a Beat Poet, , ; DESERT JOURNAL, Tzara, Tristan, ; For These Women of the Beat, –; GALLERY OF WOMEN, , –; jazz Ulysses (Joyce), , , in, ; Steps, underground, the: as fictitious, ; hipsters as Welch, Lew, , , –; and Buddhism, embodiment of, ;in“Howl,” ; and ; on language, limitations of, ; Wobbly multiplicity, ; and s counterculture, Rock, Whalen, Philip, –, , , , , Underhound (little magazine), –; and Buddhism, –, ; Updike, John, n “Dear Mr. President,” ; language play in, Upton, Charles, ; Memoirs of an Interglacial Age, –; as poet monk, ; “the real” in, ; “Self- Vanity of Duluoz (Kerouac), , ; and Portrait, from Another Direction,” Kammerer murder, , –; Gallery reading, –, Vega, Fernando, – , ; “Soufflé,” ; “Takeout, :ii:,” Verlaine, Paul, ; recordings of, . See also Like I Say Vestal Lady on Brattle, The (Corso), (Whalen) – Whaley, Preston, Vickers, Yvette, Whitman, Walt, , , Vietnam War, ; impact on Beat writing, , Who Walk in Darkness (Brossard), ; opposition to, , , –; as antinovel, , ; blackness Visions of Cody (Kerouac), , , –; in, –;as“first Beat novel,” ; hipsterism formal experimentation of, ; goofing in, in, , ; underground in, , , ; and Kammerer murder, ; literary Wieners, John, , , , , , parody in, , –; performance in, n; on Cowen, ; Measure, publishing , –; publication history of, ;as of, ; queer spaces in, –. See also reimagining of On the Road, , ; Hotel Wentley Poems, The (Wieners) spontaneity in, , –; spontaneous Wilentz, Elias, prose in, ; structure of, –; Williams, William Carlos, , , , ; subjectivity in, –;as“vertical” novel, Kora in Hell, ; on Loewinsohn, ; , “On Measure–Statement for Cid Corman,” Vollmer, Joan: killing of, , ; on Peter Orlovsky, ; triadic line of, Voyce, Stephen, Wilson, Colin: on Beat sexuality, Wagner Literary Magazine symposium, Wobbly Rock (Welch), – – Wolfe, Thomas, Wakoski, Diane, ;inFour Young Lady Poets, Women of the Beat Generation (anthology), , Woolf, Douglas, Wallace, Mike, , Woolf, Virginia, War Elegies (Everson), , Wyn, A. A., Warren, Robert Penn, , , , Waste Land, The (Eliot), , ; footnotes to, Yage Letters, The (Burroughs and Ginsberg), , , Watermelons (Loewinsohn), –; Ginsberg Yeah (little magazine), , ; news clipping introduction to, ; language and “the real” collages in, in, ; “The Necessity of Crosswords,” Yippies, Watts, Alan, Yugen: a new consciousness in arts and letters Webb, Jon Edgar, –, (little magazine), , –, , , Webb, Louise “Gypsy Lou,” –, , , , ; confessionalism Weep Not My Children (O’Sullivan), in, ; and form, ; and New Criticism, – , –, weiss, ruth, , , –; The Brink film, ; Can’t Stop the Beat: The Life and Words of Zugsmith, Albert,
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