2019 Open Space and Recreation Plan
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Town of Wenham, MA Open Space and Recreation Plan April 2019 PROJECT TEAM Lynn Duncan, AICP - Author Associate Consultant, The Ciccolo Group Town of Wenham OSRP Committee Chris Gajeski, Chair (resigned May, 2018) Asma Syed, Vice Chair (Conservation Commission) Bill Wilson Ann Weeks (Planning Board) Ernest Ashley (Water Commission) Tom Starr (Community Preservation Committee) Len Dolan – Recreation Commission Liaison Norman Tarr – Economic Development Committee Liaison Margaret Hoffman, AICP Planning Coordinator, Town of Wenham, MA Melissa Berry Conservation and Open Space Coordinator, Town of Wenham, MA Kerin Shea Senior Consultant, The Ciccolo Group Alyssa Languth Senior Consultant, The Ciccolo Group Project Participants: Peter Lombardi, Town Administrator Town of Wenham ADA Committee Town of Wenham Assessor’s Department Town of Wenham Board of Health Town of Wenham Board of Selectmen Town of Wenham Conservation Commission Town of Wenham Planning Board Town of Wenham Department of Public Works Town of Wenham Water Commission Hamilton-Wenham Joint Recreation Committee Essex County Trail Association Greenbelt, Essex County’s Land Trust Ipswich River Watershed Association Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Salem-Beverly Water Supply Board The Trustees of Reservations April 2019 Cover Photos Lynn Duncan The Ciccolo Group MA WENHAM, Table of Contents I. PLAN SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 4 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 6 Statement of Purpose .................................................................................................................. 6 Planning Process and Public Participation .................................................................................. 6 III. COMMUNITY SETTING .............................................................................................. 10 Regional Context ....................................................................................................................... 10 History of the Community ........................................................................................................ 13 Population Characteristics........................................................................................................ 15 Trends ............................................................................................................................... 15 Population Density ............................................................................................................ 17 Family Income ................................................................................................................... 18 Improved Recreational Facilities ....................................................................................... 20 Wenham Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plan ........................................................................ 20 Employment ...................................................................................................................... 21 Agriculture ........................................................................................................................ 22 Growth and Development Patterns ........................................................................................... 22 Patterns and Trends .......................................................................................................... 22 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................... 23 Long-Term Development Patterns ................................................................................... 25 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY .................................................................................... 29 Geology, Soils, and Topography ................................................................................................ 29 Landscape Character ................................................................................................................. 30 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................... 31 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................. 35 Fisheries and Wildlife ................................................................................................................ 37 Scenic Resources and Unique Environments ........................................................................... 41 #1 Scenic Landscapes ...................................................................................................... 41 Wenham Open Space and Recreation Plan 1 The Ciccolo Group MA WENHAM, #2 Unusual Geologic Features .......................................................................................... 42 #3 Cultural, Archeological & Historic Areas ...................................................................... 42 #4 Unique Environments & Areas of Critical Environmental Concern ........................... 45 Environmental Challenges ....................................................................................................... 47 Hazardous Waste Sites .................................................................................................. 47 Landfills............................................................................................................................. 48 Erosion .............................................................................................................................. 48 Chronic Flooding .............................................................................................................. 48 Sedimentation ................................................................................................................. 49 New Development ........................................................................................................... 49 Ground and Surface Water Pollution: Point and Non-point Sources ........................ 50 Impaired Water Bodies ..................................................................................................... 51 Climate Resiliency ............................................................................................................. 52 Environmental Equity ........................................................................................................ 53 Open Space ....................................................................................................................... 53 Recreational Amenities ..................................................................................................... 53 V. INVENTORY OF LANDS: CONSERVATION & RECREATION INTEREST ........................ 55 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 55 Definition .................................................................................................................................. 56 VI. COMMUNITY VISION ................................................................................................ 70 Description of Process .............................................................................................................. 70 Statement of Open Space and Recreation Goals ........................................................................ 71 VII. ANALYSIS OF NEEDS .................................................................................................. 72 Summary of Resource Protection Needs .................................................................................. 75 Protecting Drinking Water Supply, Including Groundwater and Surface Water .............. 75 Preserving Open Space for Passive Recreation and Enjoyment ....................................... 77 Maintaining the Town’s Rural Character ....................................................................... 78 Preserving Current Farmland - Encouraging Agriculture and Forestry Land Use ............. 78 Wenham Open Space and Recreation Plan 2 The Ciccolo Group MA WENHAM, Preserving Places of Historical Value ................................................................................ 79 Summary of Community’s Needs ............................................................................................. 79 Priority Passive Recreation Needs .................................................................................... 79 Priority Active Recreation Needs ...................................................................................... 81 Needs of Specific Population Groups................................................................................ 83 Management Needs, Potential Change of Use ................................................................. 85 VIII. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 87 IX. SEVEN-YEAR ACTION PLAN .......................................................................................... 89 X. PUBLIC COMMENTS .................................................................................................. 103 XI. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................