RP1 36 Volume 7

Home , Adigrat, Adwa (woreda), Enticho (woreda), Ganta Afeshum, Mekelle, Negash

RP1 36 Volume 7

,/ ^ 5 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Ethiopian Roads Authority Public Disclosure Authorized Preparation of Resettlement Action Plan for

Adigrat-Shirefl Indosilase rood Public Disclosure Authorized

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Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF PROJECT ROAD ...... 12 2.1 Background ...... 12 2.2 Socio-economic Benefit ...... 13 3. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT PROCEDURES .. 13 3.1 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...... 13 Properties to be affected ...... 14 4. SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 19 4.2 Human and Natural Resources of the Project Areas ...... 20 4.3 Economic Activity ...... 20 4.4 Implications for the project ...... 20 5. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .. 21 5.1 Policy Framework ...... 21 5.2 Legal Framework ...... 22 5.3 Institutional Setting ...... 23 6. PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY ...... 24 6.1 General Approach ...... 24 6.2 Principles of Compensation ...... 24 7. RELOCATION AND RECONSTRUCTION ...... 28 7.1 Relocation and Resettlement of Private Households ...... 28 7.2 Reconstruction of Physical Infrastructure ...... 30 8. COST ESTIMATE AND BUDGET ...... 31 9. INCOME RESTORATION ...... 34 10. PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION ...... 36 10.1 The Public Consultation Process ...... 36 10.2 Public Participation and Consultation Plan ...... 37 11. GRIEVANCES AND APPEAL ...... 37 12. INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION ...... 38 12.1 Organizations to be involved in the RAP Implementation ...... 38 12.2 Responsibilities ...... 39 13. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 39 14. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING ...... 42 14.1 General ...... 42 14.2 Internal Monitoring ...... 42 14.3 External Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 43

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

ANNEX:

Annex 1 - Structures & Public Utilities Annex 2 - Method of Valuation Annex 3 - Maps Annex 4 - Names of Affected house owners Annex 5 - Affected Agricultural, grazing land &Trees Annex 6 - Compensations for Affected houses Annex 7 - Signed Minutes of Meetings; Officials Annex 8 - Signed Minutes of Meetings; PAPs Annex 9 - Photos

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. AAOV - Average Annual Output Value 2. ADLI - Agricultural Development Led Industrialization 3. PAPs - Project Affected Persons 4. CoR - Center of Road 5. DMS - Detail Measurement survey 6. EMB - Environmental Management Branch 7. EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment 8. ERA - Ethiopian Roads Authority 9. ha - Hectare 10. NGO - Non Governmental Organization 1. RAP - Resettlement Action Plan 12. RoW - Right of Way 13. RoWB - Right of Way Branch 14. RRA - Rural Roads Authority 15. RSDP - Road Sector Development Program 16. SAF - Social Assistance Fund 17. SIA - Social Impact Assessment 18.WRC - Woreda Resettlement Committee

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Adigrat-Shire/Indasilase Road

Figure 1: Location Map

XHRE/ INDASILAS Meke eC,

Addis Ababa

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Figure 2: Major Towns Affected

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Bizet

En ticho s / \ADIGRAT ADI ABU- Wukro Maaray SHIRE/ INDASILASE Axum Selekleka

Scale

a 15 Kmn

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Introduction

This resettlement action plan is prepared for project affected people by the Woreta- Woldiya road rehabilitation and upgrading project. The owner of the projects and the implementing agency of the resettlement action plan is The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA). The plan is prepared through a consultative process with key stakeholders; ERA, local governments and the project affected people.

Project Description and Justification

The road is 193 km long and is currently unpaved. The road provides an important east-west link between the two primary north-south arterial roads in the northern part of Tigray.

Currently the road is in bad condition with the Telford base exposed in many areas. Frequent ruts and deformation of the pavement were observed

Factors supporting the proposed upgrading of this road to asphalt road include the importance of the east-west linkage provided by the road, the difficulties associated with travelling in the mountainous area during the wet season as well as dust, and during rainy periods mud, present the major problems to travellers along this road.

The road projects will stimulate economic and traffic growth in the project area.

In spite of the socio-economic benefits , previous experiences revealed that road projects have adverse social effects . In rehabilitation / upgrading projects the impacts are caused by widening, temporary diversions, borrow areas, etc. Unless the adverse effects are mitigated they lead to negative socio-economic and environmental impacts.

Description of Project Area & Social Aspects

There are 8 towns (Adiabun / Adwa; same) with population ranging from 6000 - 50,000. The density of population in Tigray Region is about 75 persons per square km. The terrain of the road is 29 km flat / rolling, 50 km of hilly and 114 km of mountainous.

The Economy In the Project areas, the predominant economic activity is agriculture. The project area grows subsistence crops mainly cereals, pulses and trees. Livestock is also an important economic activity. Cattle, sheep and goats are the main animals. The area is weak economically.

There is one pharmaceutical in Adigat and textile industry in Adwa town.

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Human resource

Labour is plentiful. The average household size is 5. 50% of the population is under 40 years old, indicating a high -birth rate. Employment is almost exclusively agriculture in the project area with limited opportunity in petty trades. Other occupations include shops, transportation, town labourers.

Land tenure:

All land belongs to the state. Each household have their own private land holding (use right) and uses it privately. In addition households in common use grazing lands. Land can not be sold or bought. It can be redistributed by the local government / kebele farmers association in some cases.

In practice descendents inherit the land use right. Given the fact that population is increasing land per capita is decreasing. At present the average land holding is about 0.5 hectare per household. Land re-allocation is possible but without enough land it is difficult to achieve any goal.

Agricultural land

The land is generally degraded and poor, with an average cereal yield of 10 quintals per/ hectare. But there are limited fertile areas and irrigated lands. All arable land is cultivated and there is a shortage of agricultural land.

Grazing Land

Grazing lands are usually not cultivated and are used in communally for grazing. Livestock is the second important economic activity after agriculture.

Housings and other structures

The houses in the area are all private owned. The majority of the houses are mud houses with wood walls. There are some hollow block , brick houses, stone and concrete houses.

Leeal Framework The Ethiopian Roads Authority has been re-established by Proclamation 80/1997. In the powers and duties of The Authority;

Article 6.No.17 states; Determine the extent of land requiredfor its activities in the adjacency as well as surrounding of highways and conditions of use of such land by others.

Article 6.No.18 states; Use free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry Substances required for the purpose of construction and

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maintenance of highways, provided, however, that it shallpay compensation in accordlance with the law for properties on the land it uses.

The Ethiopian Roads Authority, has the responsibility for overall planning of the national network development and maintenance and construction of trunk and major link roads while the responsibility of rural roads construction and maintenance has been decentralized and given to the regional states having their own Regional Government Rural Roads Authority (RRA).

The new organizational structure of ERA has incorporated:

* Environment Management Branch (EMB) which is expected to be responsible for the canying out of Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA) and Social Impact Assesment (SIA). * The Right of Way Branch (RoWB) is responsible for the implementation of the expropriation/compensation operations.

ERA is the implementing Agency of the resettlement action plan.

PotentialInwpacts & Mitigation measures

Households are affected in both urban and rural areas. The properties affected are mainly houses, agricultural lands and trees.

Contract-i; (Shire /Indasilase - Adi Abun)

71 households are affected as a result of the project. These include affected households in rural and urban areas.These households include fully and partially affected ( fences and verandah only). These households are located in:

* 4 towns and other small towns / villages along the 104 km of the road alignment. * Investigations undertaken during field visit revealed that around 90% of these households wish to be relocated in close proximity to their existing property * Most of the affected houses can be built on owner's land

These three factors mean that there is no requirement to develop relocation sites in host communities. 12 households in urban areas will move from their old premises. Local administrators and officials will assist them in relocation to new sites.

59 households will be able, and will prefer, to reconstruct their houses on their current plot thereby precluding the need for new sites. In these cases, households will receive cash compensation for both the land they lose and the replacement cost of the buildings and structures.

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Loss of agricultural land is marginal. Only strips of land along the existing road are affected. Most of them temporarily. This impact is temporary and permanent but has not been identified yet due to time constraints and road designs which may be changed. Total land loss (see table 3.3 and 3.4) and identification of and compensation to individual farmers will be done in the ROW report before mobilization and prior to constructions. The number of farms affected has been established but the name of the individual farmers has not yet been collected.

Persons who are affected by loss of fences have not been identified but compensation for fences is included in the budget. This identification will be done during the mobilization phase and documented in the ROW report.

Contract-2; (Adi Abun-Adigrat)

80 households are affected as a result of the project. These include affected households in rural and urban areas. These households include fully and partially affected ( fences and verandah only). These households are located in:

* 4 towns and other small towns / villages along the 89 km of the road alignment. * Field investigation revealed that around 90% of these households wish to be relocated in close proximity to their existing property. * Most of the affected houses can be built on owner's land

These three factors mean that there is no requirement to develop relocation sites in host communities. 13 households in urban areas will move from their old premises. Wereda and Kebele Administration will assist them in relocation of new sites.

Households will receive cash compensation for both the land they lose and the replacement cost of the buildings and structures.

Only strips of land along the existing road are affected. This impact is temporary and permanent but has not been identified yet due to time constraints and road designs which may be changed. Total land loss (see table 3.3 and 3.4) and identification of and compensation to individual farmers will be done in the ROW report before mobilization and prior to constructions. The number of farms affected has been established but the name of the individual farmers has not yet been collected.

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Table 1.1 Summary of Key Impacts

Adigrat-Shire/Indasilase Item Contract -1 Contract -2 Total

No. of Affected 71 80 151 households (HH)* No. of Project 355 400 755 Affected people Thereof: No. of houses to be relocated 12 13 25 (away from their existing location)

Source: Field investigationi and enumeration, Infornmation fronm kebeles & local people, data analysis and estimnates, and average household size is 5 persons.

Cost Estimates

The costs include compensation for houses, crops, trees, infrastructures and other allowances. The resettlement /rehabilitation budget is shown in tablel.2.

Table 1.2 Resettlement /Rehabilitation Budget

Road Project: Adigrat - Shire /Indasilase Summary Cost Item Descriptions Cost in Birr 1 .Land Acquisition(people only receive compensation for property, crops and labor) 815,806.00 2. Houses and fences 2,317,200.00 3.Relocation and other allowances 71,400.00 4. Public utilities( water pipes, electric and telephone poles 61,750.00 5. Trees 82,380.00 Total 3,348,536.00 6. Monitoring 33,485.36 BASIC COST(1-6) 3,382,021.36 7. Administrative cost(3% of basic cost) 101,460.64 8. Contingencies(20% of basic cost) 676,404.27 Grand Total 4,159,886.27

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Implementation Schedule

The prime objective in formulating this programme was to ensure that compensation for house acquisition is disbursed in time to enable affected households to construct a habitable dwelling before demolition commences - a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of 5 months will be available.

The programme also makes provision for a series of activities before construction to ensure AP participation and consultation. The timing of these activities is such as to allow the executing agency to respond to practical and useful suggestions made by PAPs and to respond to, and resolve grievances. The duration for implementation is about a year. Refer to Table 1.1, bar chart, Resettlement Schedule.

The milestones are Pre-qualification of Contractors and Award of Contract. There is a period of 10 months between the two events. The main activities to be accomplished during this period are:

* Land distribution for relocation

* Compensation to PAPs * Construction of new houses * Moving people to the relocation sites * Income restoration measures * Services like water and electricity

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Resettlement Action Plan Adigrat - Shire lIndasilase

Table 1.3 Synchronized Road Project Implementation and ResettlemenVRehabilitation Action Plan

No. TASKS Months Ml TM2 |M3 |M4 |M5 |M6 |M7 |M8 |M9 IM10 |M11 |M12>> 1 Pre-qualification of Contractors 1- 2 ERA Request budget for resettlement 3 ERA Obtains budget for resettlement 4 Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Preparation 4.1 Establish Woreda Resettlement Committee (WRC) 4.2 Conduct Right of Way (ROW) survey 4.3 Conduct Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) 4.4 Confirm compensation rates and options through meeting with WRC and inform the amount for each AP 5 Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Implementation 5.1 Identification of individual PAPs in rural areas ta res aa sra 5.2 Provision of land 01 ECri 0 Da 3-ELIsI3 5.3 Payment of compensation to PAPs 5.4 Construction of new houses

5.5 Installation of utilities (electricity, water, phone lines) E-aR-a amr, rj 0E GIe 6 Selection of Contractor and Contract Awarding 7 Mobilization

8 Consultation *-O30rH E4 f.E ; 9 Monitoring

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Monitoring & Evaluation

The overall objective of internal monitoring is to ensure that resettlement implementation is in accordance with the approved RAP. This can be carried out internally and externally

Internal

Internal monitoring will be the overall responsibility of the resettlement implementation agency,ERA

ERA will prepare monthly progress reports to be shared with local governments and PAPs.

These reports should include: name of reporting agency, date of reporting, details on the implementation of the resettlement programs scheduled for that year, reasons for any delays, problems encountered, corrective actions and their results, and problems that need to be resolved at a higher level.

External

The objectives of the external monitoring and evaluation are to:

* Establish whether, after the land acquisition and resettlement activity is completed, the welfare levels of those affected were restored and sustained; * If not, identify why not; * Assess the overall efficiency, effectiveness, impact (including behavioral responses) and sustainability of the policy and practice of land acquisition and resettlement on this project; and * Deduce lessons for future projects

The general methodology will involve a mix of one-on-one questionnaires administered to households, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques repeated on a six-monthly or yearly basis during the resettlement and construction activities associated with the project.

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2. DESCRIPTIONS OF PROJECT ROAD

Adigrat-Shire / Indasilase is approximately 193 km long and is currently unpaved. The road provides an important east-west link between the two primary north-south arterial roads in the northern part of Tigray. Factors supporting the proposed upgrading of this road include the importance of the east-west linkage provided by the road, the difficulties associated with travelling in the mountainous area during the wet season as well as proposed agro-related projects in the area. These agro projects will stimulate economic and traffic growth in the project area.

Currently the road is in bad condition with the Telford base exposed in many areas. Frequent ruts and deformation of the pavement were observed.

Dust, and during rainy periods mud, present the major problems to travellers along this road. Travelling speed is quite low under normal conditions. Wear and tear on vehicles travelling this road is very high.

Project Component

The proposed project involves upgrading of the road to asphalt standard. The roadway width is 7 meters, except in mountainous sections where it could be less. The road is provided with shoulders 1-1.5 meters wide in rural areas and 2.5 meters in urban areas.

There are changes in alignment in about 40 places. There are also a number of borrow areas and quarry sites.

The road is sub-divided into 2 contracts; Contract -1 (Shire / Indasilase - Adi Abun) Contract-2 (Adi Abun - Adigrat)

2.1 Background

The Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) of Ethiopia prepared by Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) has as its strategic objective the reduction of adverse social effects of road projects.

Previous experiences revealed that road projects have adverse social effects. In rehabilitation / upgrading projects the impacts are caused by widening, temporary diversions, borrow areas, etc. Unless the adverse effects are mitigated they lead to negative socio-economic and environmental impacts.

As a policy ERA has set out that social impacts of road projects will be addressed by taking measures to ensure the affected people are provided sufficient resources and opportunities.

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In line with the above policy a resettlement action plan is required for Adigrat- Shire/Indasilase road project.

The project involves upgrading of the road to asphalt standard.

This report is the final resettlement action plan for the project.

2.2 Socio-economic Benefit

The project is expected to have the following socio-economic benefits:

* Reduced travel time on improved road * Increased economic growth due to better transportation for agricultural products * Improved opportunities for cash cropping * Reduced transport and agricultural input costs. * Improved environmental conditions and avoidance of dust hazard * Better job opportunities on the project * Improved non-agricultural employment activity * Improved access to markets, schools and health facilities * Easy acess, people can open their eyes towards outside. * Facilitate information industry

All the above will contribute to improving the standard of living of the poor and impact favorably on women and ethnic groups.

3. LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT PROCEDURES

Resettlement, land acquisition and income rehabilitation for the project will be handled in accordance with the Ethiopian law, relevant regulations, and the World Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement Policy; OP 4.12.

3.1 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

The upgrading of the road to asphalt standard does not involve any widening of carriage way-width. However the provision of shoulders and side drains and work space will require more land.

Campsites, borrow areas and detours also require land acquistion. The acquisition of the land will affect people living along the road.

In addition to land loses there will be lost houses crops, trees and structures.

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In principle, after road construction nobody is allowed to build houses within the right of way, which is considered 30 meters wide. ERA maintenance section is responsible to see that nobody builds anything within this area.

However, it seems there was no effort made to stop people from building in the area. In all village and townships along the road, people build their houses on roadsides for better access and business advantages.

Hence it has now been difficult to maintain the designated Right of Way (RoW) width, 30-m because the impact will be prohibitive. Hence the right of way is reduced to reduce negative impacts.

126 of the affected houses can be rebuilt on the owners' land and therefore will not involve much of displacement. Sufficient land is available in their back yard for building new ones. For 25 houses which have to be relocated, land will be provided by the Kebeles.

Measures to Reduce Adverse Impacts

In order to minimize the negative impacts, the right of way will be reduced on densely populated areas.

Eucalyptus and coffee trees

Trees play a vital role in land and water conservation, erosion protection and also shade for animals and humans. Trees are also economic goods mainly used for construction materials . Wherever there are plenty of trees to be affected the right of way is reduced to 16 meters. Diversions or detours will be made behind the trees when ever possible

Building and Houses

Regarding buildings and other structures, people have settled and are living within the designated right of way width (30 m) since the construction of the road. The current project will only upgrade the existing road to an asphalt road and there is not much widening.

In order to reduce impacts the right of way is reduced to 20 meters.

Properties to be affected

1. Land: Agricultural, grazing and residential. 2. Land required permanently and temporarily (i.e. during the construction period only). 3. Trees: mainly eucalyptus trees. 4. Crops Housing, categorized by type of construction: e.g. concrete, hollow block, mud with iron sheets or thatched.

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5. Structures and fixtures: e.g. Fences, water pond, wells 6. Infrastructure: e.g. power lines, telecommunication lines, and pipelines. 7. Graveyard, Churches and mosques

Table 3.1 Key impacts Contract -1 Contract -2 Total No. of Affected households 71 80 151 No. of project affected people 355 400 755 Thereof: No. households to be 12 13 25 relocated (away from their premises)

Houses and buildings

151 residential and commercial houses will be affected by the project. The houses include both fully and partially affected. The impact on houses are mainly in the towns like Shire / Indasilase, Adigrat, Adwa. However, houses are affected in towns like Axum, Inticho, Seleklaka and Adi Abun.

The local administration in all these towns agreed to prepare space, if no possibility is found to construct the affected house at the backyard of the existing house. Commitments & minutes of meetings are attached in Annex 7.

Table 3.2: Type of houses and affected area (mi)

Corrugated Corrugated Iron Thatched roofs and Woreda/Town Iron Sheet and Sheet and Cor. mud walls Stone wall S; mud wall Number (m2) Number (mi) Number (im) Contract No 1 Medebay Zana 17 442 TahtayMachew 1 40 Laylaymachew 1I 328 8 275 Adwa 31 690 12 235 1 25 Total 50 1500 20 510 1 25 Affected Houses: 71 Contract No 2 Ganta afeshum 12 303 16 445 24 655 Ahferom 27 714 1 32 Total 39 1017 16 445 25 687 Affected Houses : 80

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Names of owners and other details are shown in Annex 4. Farm land, Grazing land, Tress and Cash crops Contract No.1 Table 3.3 Affected Land and trees Grazing Tress Farm land land (Ha)______Nameof ~~~~Traditional Noofoof o.f Wereda Rain fed No. of Irrigation No. of No of No. of I (Ha) farms (Ha) farms trees farms Tahtay 10 833 0.3 1252 25 Korarao Medebay 11 917 0 750 11 Zana Tahtay 11 917 0 6 1 machew Laylay 3.8 317 1.6 64 0 45 2 machew Adwa 3.8 317 1.6 64 0 90 4 Total 39.6 3300 3.2 128 0.3 2143 43

Contract No2. Table 3.4 Affected Land and trees

Farm land Grazing( ______~land (Ha) Eclpu re Name of Rain fed No.of Traditional No. of No of No. of Wereda (Ha) farms Irrigation farms trees farms (Ha)

Gantaafeshum 4.05 338 0 0 0 453 7

Ahferom 7.64 637 0 0 0 98 1

dwa 6.85 571 0 0 0 52 1 rotal 18.54 1545 0 0 0 603 9

List of affected land and trees , by wereda , are shown in Annex 5.

The number of farms affected has been established but the name of the individual farmers has not yet been collected due to time constraints. Identification and compensation to individual farmers will be done in the ROW report before mobilization and prior to constructions..

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Structures, Fixtures Infrastructures

These include different type of structures like; fences, electric poles, water pipes etc. A substantial numbers are effected in the project area. The listings is shown in Annex. 1

Cultural heritages / Archaeological sites

The project road passes through Axum, where there are the famous rock hewn oblisques, the Temple of the Moon in Yeha, Ethiopia's earliest known capital. UNESCO have fenced an archeological site in the town.

The road in this area follows the existing road and based on the alignment of the existing road no adverse impact is envisaged with regards to any cultural heritage or archaeological sites.

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Table 3.5 Summary of key effects

Sr.No. Impacts Ganta Aheferom Adwa Tahtay Medbay Tahtay Laaylay Total Afeshum Aeeo Ada Koraro Zana Maichew Maichew Agricultural 4.05 7.64 10.65 10.0 11.0 11.0 3.8 58.14 Land 1 Permanent loss (ha) No. of Farns 338 637 888 833 917 917 317 Traditional 1.6 1.6 3.2 Irrigated Land; 2 (ha)

No. of farms 64 _ 64 Communal 0.3 0.3 3 Grazing land;(ha) Housing loss 52 28 34 0 17 1 19 151 4 (Nos.) Structure and 260 425 460 0 107 10 200 1462 5 Fixtures (Nos) Trees (Nos.) 453 98 142 1252 750 6 45 2143 6 No. of farms 7 1 5 25 11 1 2

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4. SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

4.1 Demography

The population of the towns, along project road are:

Towns Population

* Adigrat - 51,220 * Bizet - 3,150 * Enticho - 7,203 * Adwa - 45,230 * Axum - 41,325 * Wukro Maaray - 6,420 * Selekleka - 6,130 * Shire - 32,045

The density of population in Tigray Region is about 75 persons per square km. The terrain of the project area is 29 km flat / rolling, 50km of hilly and 114 km of mountainous. The total population within the direct influence of the project road is more than 192723, which is the sum of town population.

The major crops growing in the area are cereals and pulses. About 36 percent of cereals and about 60 percent of pulses of Tigray Region were produced in these Zones

The most important contribution of the road is in linking the major towns of Adigrat and Adwa and Shire in Northern Ethiopia.

Adigrat and Adwa towns are major industrial centres in northern Ethiopia with a number of industrial plants in each. There is a pharmaceutical factory in Adigrat. Shire is more of agricultural area.

The road is close to tourist centres. The project road passes through Axum, where there are the famous rock hewn oblisques, the Temple of the Moon in Yeha, Ethiopia's earliest known capital. The Temple was erected around the fifth century BC. There is a modern temple besides the Temple of the Moon that was dedicated to Abune Aftse, one of the Nine Saints from Syria who founded many important monasteries in Northern Ethiopia in the fifth and sixth century. Hundreds of tourists visit the sites every year but no data was available on the numbers.

There is no major mining taking place in the project area. However, there is potential for exploiting minerals such as iron, gypsum and silica.

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4.2 Human and Natural Resources of the Project Areas

Human resource

Mud houses are the most common in the project in the area. Hollow blocks, brick houses, stone & brick houses are also found, but mainly in towns.

Labor is plentiful. The average household size is 5. 50% of the population is under 40 years old, indicating a high birth rate. Employment is almost exclusively agriculture in the project area with limited opportunity in petty trades. Other occupations include shops, transportation, town labourers. This fact is important in assessing impact of land loss on affected households.

As land is scarce and labour plentiful employment of the population over 15 years is about 40 %. The overall dependency rate is high

Over 70% of the population over 6 years does not have any education. Under 30 % have gone to primary education or above.

Natural resources

Land tenure

All land belongs to the state. Land can not be sold or bought. It can be redistributed by the farmers associations. Farmers have usefruct rights on their holdings. Grazing land is commonly shared by the community.

In practice descendents inherit the land use right. Given the fact that population is increasing land per capita is decreasing. At present the average land holding of the project area is about 0.5 hectare per household.

4.3 Economic Activity

The predominant economic activity is agriculture. There are few industries in Adigrat and Adwa. The project area grows subsistence crops mainly cereals, pulses and trees. Livestock is also an important economic activity. Cattle, sheep and goats are the main animals. The area is weak economically.

The average annual income of the farming household is about 1200.0 birr.

4.4 Implications for the project

Attitude towards the road:

Almost all households consider the project would bring advantages in facilitating transportation of their produce, themselves and agricultural inputs.

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Affected households in rural areas will lose small strips of farmland during construction. They will therefore be given cash compensation for temporary loss of income. For the minority that may permanently lose land to borrow pits or camps, they will be compensated with land from the farmers association in consultation with ERA and Kebele Administration. About 80% of the households, will not lose more than 10% of strips of their farmland.

Peoples preferences:

If houses are affected almost all owners would like to build a house close to their destroyed houses

Vulnerable Groups:

* Old and people living by themselves who will not be able to start a new house even with the compensation money

* Tenants who live in kebele will get compensation of 3-6 monthes rent

* Sick, mentally ill and disabled people will be unable to cope with the impacts without assistance

5. POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

A review of policy, legal and institutional framework of the road sector in Ethiopia is given here.

5.1 Policy Framework

The policy of Agricultural-Development-led-industrialization (ADLI) has the main objective of improving agricultural productivity of small holder agriculture and related industrialization based on increased provision of domestic raw materials to the industrial sector. These objectives are in conformity to the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) of the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA).

Resettlement/RehabilitationPolicy Franmework of ERA.

The major policy framework document related to the project with respect to resettlement is Resettlement/ Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA. The aim of this document is stated as PAPs should be:

compensated for loss of assets at replacement cost, given opportunities to share project benefits, * and be assisted in case of relocation and/or resettlement.

The aim should be to improve or at least sustain living conditions prior to project operations resettlement.

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The mitigation of adverse social impacts on road projects is subject to the operational procedures of ERA's guideline and World Bank policy requirements.

Among the major policy issues contained in the policy document is that the right of way requirements will be reduced when necessary to reduce adverse social impacts.

World Bank Requirements:

World bank requirements regarding involuntary resettlements are detailed in OP 4.12. The policy has the following objectives and principles:

* Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible. * Where population displacement is unavoidable, it should be mlnimized by exploring all viable options * People unavoidably displaced should be compensated and assisted, so that their economic and socialfuture would be generally as favorable as it would have been in the absence of the project. * People affected should be informed fully and consulted on resettlement and compensation options. * The absence of a formal legal title to land by some affected group should not be a bar to compensation * Particularattention should be paid to women and other vulnerable groups, and appropriateassistance provided to help th1em improve their status. * As far as possible, involuntary resettlement should be conceived and executed as a part of the project. * Land occupation will begin only afterfull compensation.

5.2 Legal Framework

The legal framework in Ethiopia for resettlement and compensation is addressed in the civil code.

Under the Constitution 40 (3), all land in Ethiopia is vested in the State. Land can not be bought or sold but can only create user-rights.

Article No.40 states that The Government could acquire land from legal holders for use of public interest, as long as compensations are paid.

Article 44 No.2 states:

All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequatestate assistance.

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In the civil code it is also established: (Articlel460-1488)

Those who have legitimate entitlements over imnmovable shall be properly and directly notified of the eminent expropriation.

Compensation shall be paid before execution of expropriation

The signing of credit agreement by The Ethiopian Government and World Bank has made The world Bank OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement a binding document.

The Ethiopian Roads Authority has been re-established by Proclamation 80/1997. In the powers and duties of The Authority;

Article 6.No.17 states; Determine the extent of land requiredforits activities in the adjacency as well as surrounding of highways and conditions of use of such land by others.

Article 6.No. 18 states; Use free of charge, land and such other resources and quarry substances required for the purpose of construction and maintenance of highways, provided, however, that it shall pay compensation in accordance with the law for properties on the land it uses.

5.3 Institutional Setting

The new organizational structure of ERA has incorporated:

* Environment Management Branch (EMB) which is expected to be responsible for the carrying out of EIAs and SIAs of road sector activities. * The Right of Way Branch (RoWB) is responsible for the implementation of the expropriation/compensation operations.

ERA is the implementing Agency of the resettlement action plan.

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6. PROJECT RESETTLEMENT POLICY

6.1 General Approach

Policies to compensate those losing land or property to the proposed road upgrading project are based on a combination of the above-mentioned laws and regulations and the Bank policy and requirements relating to involuntary resettlement.

The primary objective of the land acquisition and resettlement action plan (RAP) is to restore the income and living standards of the affected persons within a short period of time after resettlement and with as little disruptions as possible in their own economic and social environment. Particular attention will be given to the needs of the poorest and vulnerable groups to be resettled. The RAP for this project has been prepared with this as the guiding principle. The requirement for involuntary resettlement has been considered.

6.2 Principles of Compensation

According to the legal and policy requirements of the Government and the World Bank, the principles of the compensation and entitlements established for the project are as follows:

* That compensation and entitlements provided to PAPs are adequate to at least maintain their pre-project standard of living, with the prospect of improvement;

* Land should be compensated for land * Land temporarily occupied and period of disruption are kept to a minimum; * All PAPs, legal and illegal, are taken into consideration and accounted for; * Per capita land holding after land acquisition is sufficient to maintain livelihood standards; * Where land allocation per capita is not sufficient to maintain livelihood, other income generating activities are provided for; * All PAPs are adequately informed on eligibility, compensation rates and standards, livelihood and income restoration plans, and project timing; and * No land acquisition will take place prior to satisfactory compensation and resettlement of the PAPs.

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Table 6.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Principles and Approaches

Principles Approaches

Involuntary resettlement should be Resettlement issues have been considered minimized where feasible from economic, for project alternatives during project engineering, social and environmental design stage, which could minimize aspects. land acquisition and resettlement.

Plans should be prepared for those PAPs identified and their land, buildings displaced. and other assets enumerated during project design; socio-economic survey conducted to assess impact and propose mitigation measures.

PAPs should receive compensation for all Replacement land will be provided; cash losses, including assets and livelihoods compensation for land, houses and regardless of land tenure status. auxiliaries, crops, etc. in accordance with existing procedures; RAP includes provisions for other assistance.

PAPs should be infonned of and consulted Meetings with PAPs, village leaders, local on resettlement and compensation options. governments and host communities were held; household interview and socioeconomic survey of PAPs were conducted. Information campaigns through the local media and meetings to inform the PAPs and host communities will be made available through township governments, village committees and public institutions and companies. This process will continue throughout the planning and implementation stages.

Resettlement should be an integral part of Environment and resettlement aspects were project design. No land acquisition considered as major factors for the will take place prior to the satisfactory selection of the project scheme, including compensation and resettlement of PAPs. the minimization of land acquisition and house demolition and avoidance of good- quality farmland, major infrastructure facilities, industrial enterprises, township and residential areas, and mining, forestry, tourist areas. Project schedule will take into account land acquisition and resettlement timetables.

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Resettlement program to be monitored by An independent agency will be engaged, the Government and WORLD BANK under terms of reference acceptable to world bank, to monitor the land acquisition and resettlement plan and to report on it to the Government and world bank.

6.3 Compensation Eligibility

All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their loses (permanent or temporary) at replacement cost.

All PAPs, legal and illegal, are taken into consideration and accounted for.

The cut-off date for compensation eligibility has been set as Jan 1, 2003. Any person who construct a house or a structure in the right of way after the cut-off date will not be eligible to compensation or subsidies.

A careful count and identification of the existing properties and people has been conducted together with local officials. The date has been made public to the people.

Compensation will not be paid for any structures erected, or trees planted purely for the purposes of gaining additional compensation after the cut off date.

Compensation will be paid for public building, public houses like kebele houses as well as private house owners. Also due compensation will be paid for public utilities, telephone and electricity poles as well as water pipes. ERA has a long experience in dealing with these issues.

ERA, legal division together with the environmental monitoring unit and wereda compensation/rehabilitation committees will oversee the implementation of the compensation to the PAPs.

All transitional and moving allowances and compensation for temporary land loss will be directly paid to those affected.

Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid either in cash or by check, following the agreement with the individual PAP's. Disbursements will be ensured by ERA and will take place in the presence of the Compensation Committees as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAPs.

Compensation Standards

The following paragraphs describe the compensation standards to be adopted for this RAP.

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Compensationfor Loss of Land

The main compensation (90%) to be paid for land is about strips of land to be taken during road construction. The average loss of land per farmers is 10%. This is because as the project involves upgrading of existing road strips of land 2-3 meters wide along the road will be affected. Average loss of land by a farmer is estimated as 3m wide x 40 m long (assuming an average holding of 25 m x40m.).

Temporary loss of strips of farmland will be compensated with cash- the equivalent of income lost for not cultivating, and harvesting from the land. Permanent loss of strips of land will be compensated by land. In extreme cases where land for land compensation will not be possible cash compensation will be paid, at a rate equivalent to 6 times of Average Annual Output Value (AAOV) of previous three years.

The computation of the AAOV is shown in Annex 2.

Resettlement subsidy: these will be paid on the basis of 3 times the AAOV

Standing crop compensation one times AAOV.

Total compensation payable to the affected land owning households is equivalent to 10 times AAOV.

Grazing land is collectively managed by the farmers associations. Compensations for grazing land will be paid on the basis of 5 times the AAOV

Compensationfor Houses/buildingsand Fixtures

Houses/buildings and fixtures losses will be directly and fully compensated at replacement cost free of demolition expenses and salvaged materials and replacement plot. The monies paid directly to the PAPs.

Tenants of affected houses/buildings will be assisted of a rent contract at the same terms of the rent before. The quality and quantity of space will also be of the same standard. In addition all tenants will be entitled to 3-6 month rent at local price and a relocation allowance.

Relocation allowancesfor households (RsO)

In addition to the compensation for houses and land, relocation allowances will be paid. These relocation allowances cover rehousing/ relocation costs, including costs of moving all household items and any salvageable materials to the new house, or from the rented house/apartment to new houses/apartment (moving allowance). These allowances which are estimated to 300 birr per household or 60 birr per project affected people, whichever is more, will be payable to each project affected people.

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To avoid temporary housing between the old and the new accommodation, PAPs who would need relocation would be rehoused during bid evaluation or at least three months before contract award.

Crops Losses

All project affected farmers will directly receive full compensation in cash for the crops loss at 1 times the AAOV.

Trees

Compensations for eucalyptus tree will be based on age size , yield and market price.

Compensation for Loss of Business

Businesses affected will be compensated for temporary loss of business. This includes shops, bars, hotels, garages, fuel stations, mills etc. The compensation amount will be

based on estimated profit and on inventory of purchase orders from for the last six months and be established by the compensation committee.

The transition allowance for a commercial business moving from its old buildings to new ones will range from 3-10 times Rs 0 i.e. 300 Birr. The transitional allowance will be paid on a monthly basis for up to 6 months from the date of relocation from the original premises.

Vulnerable Households

Special attention will be paid to the vulnerable groups, defined as those already experiencing hardship (e.g. through sickness, lack of labour, age, tenants) or whose loss of land /property could lead to such hardship. In order to ensure that resettlement is no more difficult or inconvenient for these vulnerable groups as it is for the rest of the PAPs community.

7. RELOCATION AND RECONSTRUCTION

7.1 Relocation and Resettlement of Private Households

Contract-1; (Shire / Indasilase - Adi Abun)

71 households living in their own premises are affected as a result of the project. These include affected households in rural and urban areas. The figures include all fully and partially affected. These households are located in:

* 4 towns and 6 small towns / villages along the 104 km of the road alignment. * Investigations undertaken during field visit revealed that around 90% of these households wish to be relocated in close proximity to their existing property.

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a Most of the affected houses can be built on owner's land. * Given that they are compensated for the affected land, owners would prefer to stay in their smaller remaining land rather than moving to other sites.

The above factors mean that there is no requirement to develop relocation sites in host communities.

59 households, will be able to reconstruct their houses on their current plot thereby precluding the need for new sites. In few cases where relocation on plot is not possible households will be allocated new plots and receive cash compensation at replacement cost of the buildings and the structures

12 households have to move to other sites and re establish. The households are mainly small businessmen and require small plots. Compensations will be paid for both loss of houses and business interruption and will be assisted by the Kebele to find new pocket plots.

Loss of business will be established by the compensation committee based on estimated profit for the last six months.

The Kebeles (local administration) is committed to provide plots for relocation of the houses and possible sites are identified. Pictures of the plots are included in Annex 9.

The owners of the houses has agreed to cash compensation and have agreed to use the compensation payment to build houses. Commitments and signed minutes of meetings are attached in Annex 7 and 8.

The replacement cost of the house will include cost of material, labour and supervision cost. If the owner is involved in the building of his house his time is paid for.

Contract-2; (Adi Abun- Adigrat)

80 households living in their own premises are affected as a result of the project. These include affected households in rural and urban areas. Few lose more than 30% of their properties. These households are located in:

* 4 towns and 5 small towns / villages along the 89 km of the road alignment. * Field investigation revealed that around 90% of these households wish to be relocated in close proximity to their existing property. * Most of the affected houses can be built on owner's land

These three factors mean that there is no requirement to develop relocation sites in host communities. 13 households do not have plots have to be moved to other sites. These households are not farmers with large areas. They require small plots for petty trade and shops.

Compensations will be paid and will be assisted by the Kebele to find new pocket plots. The Kebeles (local administration) is committed to provide plots for relocation

Abay Engineering 29 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

of the houses and possible sites are identified. Pictures of the plots are included in Annex 9.

The owners of the houses has agreed to cash compensation and have agreed to use the compensation payment to buil houses Commitments and signed minutes of meetings are attached in Annex 7 and 8.

67 households will be able, and will prefer, to reconstruct their houses on their current plot thereby precluding the need for new sites. In these cases, households will receive cash compensation for both the land they lose and the replacement cost of the buildings and structures.

7.2 Reconstruction of Physical Infrastructure

Power and communication lines affected by the project will be re-constructed prior to the demolition of the existing facilities in order to ensure continuous service.

Responsibilities for re-constructing the water, power and telecommunications lines and cables will lie with the respective agencies and be responsible for their re- establishment.

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8. COST ESTIMATE AND BUDGET

The compensation rates proposed in this estimate have been derived from discussions with the local people and review of other settlement costs. The costs include compensation for houses, agricultural land, trees, infrastructures and other allowances.

Land, houses, fences, trees and some infrastructures will be affected by the project. Regarding houses the data collected includes the type and floor area. Inclusion of more parameters such as age, ceiling, floor type etc makes the relative value of each house more precise. However due to short time available such details are not included. However the compensation committee is expected to make detail inspection and measurement.

For instance for corrugated iron sheet rooted and wood + mud walls the average unit rate of 500 Birr might be varied between 400 - 600 Birr/m2 This is because although the finance allocated could be sufficient enough to replace the properties lost for all APs, grievances do arise by comparing what one gets with respect to the other.

Compensations for Houses are shown in Annex 6.

Estimation of trees is made by allowing additional 2 - 3m of space on both sides of the road since the existing clear space is about 14 - 16m in areas where eucalyptus trees are widely grown. Average of size of rafters and three times cutting is assumed in costing.

Table 8.1 Resettlement /Rehabilitation Budget (Summary)

Road Project: Adigrat - Shire /Indasilase Summary cost Item Descriptions Cost in Birr 1. Land Acquisition(people only receive 815,806.00 compensation for property, crops and labor) 2. Houses and fences 2,317,200.00 3. Relocation and other allowances 71,400.00 4. Public utilities( water pipes, electric 61,750.00 and telephone poles 5. Trees 82,380.00 Total 3,348,536.00 6. Monitoring 33,485.36 BASIC COST(1-6) 3,382,021.36 7. Adminstrative cost(3% of basic cost) 101,460.64 8. Contingencies(20% of basic cost) 676,404.27 Grand Total 4,159,886.27

Abay Engineering 31 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Table 8.2 Cost Estimate, Road Project -- Adigrat -Shire / Indasilase Contract - I Properties Types Quantity Unit Unit Price Amount 1.Land acquisition 1 1 Agricultural land permanent loss 39.6 Ha 12,900.0 510,840.00 (Rainfeed) 1.2 Irrigated land Permanent loss 3.2 Ha 20,000.0 64,000.00 1.3 Grazing land Permanent loss 0.3 Ha 6,000.0 1,800 00 Sub Total (Birr) 576,640.00 2.Houses 2.1 Houses Cl + stone/HB 1545 mA2 600.0 927,000.00 Cl+wood+Mud 470 mA2 500.0 235,000.00 Hidmo 25 mA2 250 0 6,250.00 Sub Total (Birr) 1,168,250.00 2.2 Fences DSM 120 m 30.0 3,600.00 Wood 0 m 15.0 0 00 Cmm 200 m 250.0 50,000.00 Mmm 235 m 50.0 11,750.00 Barbed wire 10 m 0 0 0.00 Sub Total (Birr ) 65,350.00 3. Relocation & other allowances 3.1 Relocation allowance 27 H.H 300.0 8,100.00 Sub Total (Birr) 8,100.00 3 2.Tenant allowance Private 5 H.H | 300.0 1,500.00 Kebele 0 0 0.0 0.00 Sub Total 1,500.00 3.3 Business loss allowance |Small 12 HH | 600.0 7,200 00 Medium 4 HH 6,000.0 24,000.00 Large 0 { HH 18,000.0 0.00 Sub Total 31,200.00 4. Public Utilities El. Poles 5 No 150.0 750 00 Tel.poles 0 No 100.0 0.00 Transformers 0 No 1,000.0 0 00 Pipeline 2 Km 15,000.0 30,000.00 Waterpoints 2 No 2,000 0 4,000.00 Sign boards 0 No 1,000.0 0.00 Sub Total (Birr ) 34,750.00 5.Eucalyptus Trees 2143 | No 30.0 64,290.00 Total (BiRR) 1,950,080.00 6. Monitoring 19,500.80 BASIC COST 1,969,580.80 7. Administrative cost(3% of basic cost) 59,087.42 8. Contingencies(20% of basic cost) 393,916.16 Grand Total 2,422,584.38

Abay Engineering 32 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Table 8.3 Cost Estimate, Road Project -- Adigrat -Shire /Indasilase Contract -l I Properties Types Quantity Unit Unit Price Amount 1.Land acqusition 1 1 Agricultural land permamnentloss( Rainfeed) 18.54 Ha 12,900.00 239,166.00 1.2 Irrigated land Permamnent loss 1 | 0 Ha 20,000.00 0.00 1.3 Grazing land Permanent loss | | 0 Ha 6,000 00 0.00 Sub Total] _ _ _ _ 239,166.00 2.Houses 2.1 Houses Cl + stone/HB 1133 mA2 600 00 679,800.00 Cl+wood+Mud 395 mA2 500.00 197,500.00 Hidmo 638 MA2 250.00| 159,500 00 Sub Total 6 1,036,800.00 2.2 Fences DSM 685 m 30.00 20,550.00 Wood 0 m 15.00 0.00 Cmm 105 m 250.00 26,250.00 Mmm 0 m 50.00 0 00 Barbed wire 95 m 0.00 0.00 Sub Totall 46,800.00 3.Relocation & other allowances 3 1Relocation allowance 77 H.H 300.00 23,100 00 Sub Total ______23,100.00 3.2 Tenant allowance Private 5 H.H 300.00 1,500.00 _Kebele 0 0 0.00 0.00 Sub Total _ 1,500.00 3.3 Business loss allowance _ ___ Small 10 H.H 600.00 6,000.00 Medium 0 H.H 3,000.00 0 00 Large 0 H.H 6,000 00 0 00 Sub Total 6,000.00 4. Public Utilities = ___ El. Poles 30 No 150 00 4,500.00 Tel poles 0 No 100 00 0 00 Transformers 0 No 1,000.00 0 00 Pipeline 1.5 Km 15,000.00 22,500.00 Waterpoints 0 No 2,000.00 0.00 Sign boards 0 No 1,000.00 0.00 Sub Total 27,000.00 5. Eucalyptus Trees 603 J No [ 30 00 18,090.00 Total 1,398,456.00 6. Monitoring T 1 13,984.00 BASIC COST _ _ _ 1,412,440.00 7. Administrative cost(3% of basic cost) | _ _ 42,373 22 8. Contingencies(20% of basic cost) 282,488.11 Grand total _ 1,737,301.89

Abay Engineering 33 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

9. INCOME RESTORATION

The overall objective of income restoration is to ensure that all PAPs losing their means of livelihood (in this case their land) to the project are able to at least maintain their pre-project levels of income and living standards.

Most of the households depend on cultivation for their income. However most of the households affected will lose less than 10% of their properties.

9.1 Formulation of Income Restoration Strategy

Any income restoration strategy should respect, as far as possible, the preferences of PAPs as to how this should be achieved.

The income restoration strategy will be flexible, democratically based, and self- administered in accordance with the decisions of individual villages.

The income restoration strategy will result in the great majority of PAPs continuing in agriculture, even though they may lose some of their current holding. The strategy will have the following main elements:

* Land redistribution • Investment by the community, primarily for the benefit of all those involved in the land redistribution; * Investment by individual PAPs; a Employment on project-related activities.

Community Based Income Restoration Measures

Irrigation canals will be affected in Lalay Maichew and Adwa area. The canal will be constructed at appropriate location by the implementing agent and the canal will continue to serve the community.

Compensation money for temporary or permanent loss of strips of land is generally above the current value of their assets. The payment will thus enable the affected people to live a better life than before.

25 households are to be relocated. Kebele has agreed to provide them plots for relocation of houses. The PAPs have agreed to cash payments for the houses. They have also agreed to build houses using the compensation amount in 3 -5 months after receiving he money.

Abay Engineering 34 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Use of Compensation Funds by Individuals

The payment of a substantial portion of compensation funds to individuals will place a considerable responsibility for income restoration on PAPs themselves. There is likelihood that funds will be devoted to productive activities as well as house improvements. Individuals questioned during the field survey showed a marked preference for investing in off-farm activities, e.g. small businesses, trading, transportation.

Others would expand agricultural and livestock production. Additionally, some households are likely to use funds to provide their offspring with a better education indicating a more far-sighted view of the future well being of their household.

PAPs will develop a wide range of approaches to the use of the compensation funds that they receive. These approaches will become clear in the months following their receipt of the funds.

Employment in the Project Activities

The construction of the road will create a large number of temporary construction jobs and a small number of permanent employment opportunities. Farmers welcome the construction-related job opportunities as providing an additional source of cash income that will assist them in restoring their livelihood.

Priority will be given to the PAPs when recruiting Project personnel and construction workers. Company managers will liaise with local leaders to facilitate this process. Priority will be given to PAPs losing all or a large proportion of their land.

Training will be provided, where appropriate, for longer-term positions.

Gender Issues

The project recognizes the major role played by women in the project area economy and in the households. The future welfare of women affected by loss of land and property is implicit in the compensation and other measures adopted in this RAP. Women will be eligible, on an equal basis, for all compensation payments, training programmers and other assistance being proposed. They will also qualify, again on an equal basis as men, for temporary and permanent employment associated with expressway construction and operation.

Vulnerable households

The vulnerable households belong to two main categories: a) poor households; including mentally ill, sick, disabled, old etc and b) households losing a large proportion of their land but without the labor resources or technical expertise necessary to re-establish themselves.

In order to ensure that the living standards of these households are maintained after resettlement, the EA and local governments have taken the following measures:

Abay Engineering 35 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

* Provide vulnerable households with higher compensation rates * Give vulnerable households priority in gaining employment; * Provide labor and technical assistance for the relocation and house reconstruction activities of households composed by persons with physical difficulties such as the elders, the disabled or the mentally ill.

10. PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION

10.1 The Public Consultation Process

The majority of the affected population were aware of the project during the impact assessment. The socio-economic survey revealed a high degree of support for the scheme.

Concerns were also raised relating to:

* Receiving fair compensation * Minimizing land acquisition; and * Ensuring adequate land allocation and livelihood restoration.

ERA's Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework clearly states that compensation should be adequate. A number of safe guard measures have been taken in the policy to ensure that PAPs receive fair compensation.

a) Disclose the RAPs and make them available to concerned weredas b) PAPs will be members of compensation committees c) Compensation can only be paid under the written consent of the PAPs, d) There is and there will be a grievance mechanism to help PAPs voice their concern and file their cases

Surveys of affected households and discussions with village leaders was undertaken. These surveys were undertaken in 15 villages and 7 Wereda Administration Office in Adigrat-Shire along the proposed alignment.

Consultation were undertaken in the month of January, 2003 information was communicated and the opinion of the affected people recorded. Consultation was taken up again in March 8-15 and confirmation agreements attained.

The methodologies used for consultation include:

Discussions with affected people on household basis to seek their agreement on specific entitlements Surveys of affected people discussion with local authorities * meetings with affected people

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The local officials have agreed to provide plots for building of houses possible sites for relocation of houses have also been identified. They have also agreed to inform the cutoff date of January 1, 2003 in collaboration with other stakeholders.

The local officials will assist vulnerable people, the old and the highly affected group by providing free locally available material ; stone, sand and water and priority in selection of plots.

PAPs who receive compensation for houses have agreed to build houses and within 3 - 5 months of receiving the compensation.

Series of meetings with representatives from all affected villages (leaders and farmers) to discuss and obtain preferences on the preferred methods of compensation and income restoration. Numerous meetings with government officials was also conducted.

The minutes of meetings are attached in Annex 7 and 8.

10.2 Public Participation and Consultation Plan

Notwithstanding the amount of public consultation already carried out, additional measures and activities in this regard will be required during the implementation of the resettlement and land acquisition process.

The principal activities to be undertaken are:

* Publication and dissemination of Information ,summarizing the policies, entitlements, compensation standards and rates, grievance procedures and resettlement/ land acquisition programme; * Formal village meetings relating to land re-distribution and compensation disbursement; and

* The Detailed Measurement Survey conducted, face to face, to measure and agree the final requirements for land, property and other acquisition, from each affected household.

11. GRIEVANCES AND APPEAL

To ensure that the PAPs have avenues for redressing grievances related to any aspect of land acquisition and resettlement, procedures for the redress of grievances should be established for the project. The objective is to respond to the complaints of the PAPs speedily and in a transparent manner. The mechanism is designed to be easy, accessible, transparent and fair.

Abay Engineering 37 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

As far as possible, the objective will be to avoid the need to resort to complicated formal channels to redress grievances. It is considered that by resolving grievances within the project's administrative structures, not only will the process be more effective and efficient, but also progress of the project is less likely to be affected.

In order to ensure that the interests and assets of the affected enterprises and individuals are not invaded or damaged, grievances and appeals should be reported according to the following procedures:

Stage 1: Grievance issues should always be settled amicably. The first person to contact is ERA's ROW agent and he will report to the compensation committee in order to settle the matter. If any person is still aggrieved by any aspect of the resettlement and rehabilitation program, he / she can lodge an oral or written grievance with the Kebele Administration . In case an oral complaint is made, it should be written on paper by the village unit and processed. The Kebele Administration must resolve the issue within one month.

Stage 2: If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision taken in Stage 1, he/she Can bring the complaint to the attention of the Wereda Administration Office within one month from the date of the receipt of the Stage I decision. Wereda will reach a decision on the complaint within one month.

Stage 3: If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the wereda he / she Can bring the complaint to the attention of the Zone Adminstration within one month from the date of the receipt of the Stage 2 decision. The Zone will reach a decision on the complaint within two month.

Stage 4: If the AP is still dissatisfied by the decision, he/she can appeal to the Court, at The appropriate level.

PAPs can make and appeal on any aspect of the resettlement and rehabilitation program, including compensation rates offered. Detailed procedures for redress of grievances and the appeal process will be publicized among the PAPs.

The grievance procedures will be operative throughout the entire construction period.

12. INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION

12.1 Organizations to be involved in the RAP Implementation

Resettlement Committee should be established in the different Wereda administration office, with the overall responsibility for the coordination, planning and implementation of land acquisition and resettlement activities

The Wereda Resettlement Committee (WRC) is responsible for coordinating all resettlement activities in its area of jurisdiction.

Abay Engineering 38 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

The actual implementation of land acquisition and resettlement work will be carried out by ERA.

The kebele Administration Office will participate in valuation of compensation, survey of properties and disbursement of compensations.

12.2 Responsibilities

The WRC has the following responsibilities:

* Monitor the disbursement of funds; * Guide and monitor the implementation of resettlement; * Coordinate activities between the various organizations involved in resettlement; * Monitor resettlement activities; * Review monitoring reports; * Prepare progress reports * Provide the resettlement budget.

ERA * Implement RAP * Take measurements * Disbursement of compensation

Kebele/Village administration committee

* Reallocate land * Participate in surveys * Addressees grievance

13. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Discussions with village leaders indicate that a new house in a rural area can be built within 3 months if all the materials have been assembled. This time span is therefore adequate. The programme also makes provision for a series of activities before construction to ensure PAPs participation and consultation, namely:

The milestones are Pre-qualification of Contractors and Award of Contract. There is a period of 10 monthes between the two events. The main activities to be accomplished during this periodinclude:

Abay Engineering 39 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

* Land distribution for relocation * Compensation to PAPs * Construction of new houses * Moving people to the relocation sites * Income restoration measures * Services like water and electricity

The timing of these activities is such as to allow the executing agency time to respond to practical and useful suggestions made by PAPs and to respond to, and resolve, grievances.

The baseline socio-economic survey will be undertaken as soon as possible after the completion of the DMS using the census of PAPs as the sampling base.

Abay Engineering 40 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Resettlement Action Plan Adigrat - Shire

Table 13.1: Synchronized Road Project Implementation and Resettlement/Rehabilitation Action Plan

No. TASKS Months M1 IM2 IM3 IM4 IM5 IM6 IM7 IM8 1M9 IM1O lM11 IM12>> 1 Pre-qualification of Contractors

2 ERA Request budget for resettlement Ho .61 3 ERA Obtains budget for resettlement 4 Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Preparation 4.1 Establish Woreda Resettlement Committee (WRC) 4.2 Conduct Right of Way (ROW) survey 4.3 Conduct Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) 4.4 Confirm compensation rates and options through meetings with WRC and inform the amount for each AP 5 Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Implementation 5.1 Identification of individual PAPs in rural areas Erl-.i- 0.-di;Le -M-1 5.2 Provision of land -TrIc_ a ia'HeII. '2'!'' ElE 5.3 Payment of compensation to PAPs DI-u+-"n a-nsesjo-Efip-Er. 5.4 Construction of new houses 'TC MM- 07-rI ME-- 5.5 Installation of utilities (electricity, water, phone lines) . DoGai,Ee -fn r, -=n T!a i! 6 Selection of Contractor and Contract Awarding _ r, 7 Mobilization

8 Consultation e IE seLI X EX-. Ei}Ev 9 Monitoring ( 01I

Abay Engineering 41 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

14. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

14.1 General

It is a requirement of the World Bank that loan projects that result in resettlement be properly monitored and evaluated. In order to ensure that the implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan in accordance with the requirements, monitoring of implementation, both "internal" and "external", will be carried out during and after the implementation of the Project.

The "internal" and "external" elements will be combined to provide an assessment of both the process of RAP implementation (e.g. disbursement of funds, settlement of grievances, progress on house relocation and land redistribution and the extent to which the primary objective of the RAP, e.g. the maintenance or enhancement of the current social and economic conditions of all PAPs, are achieved in the years following the acquisition of their land or property.

14.2 Internal Monitoring

The overall objective of internal monitoring is to ensure that resettlement implementation is in accordance with the approved RAP. Specific objectives are to:

* Check the achievement of milestones in the acquisition and resettlement process, including preparatory phases, against the planned time schedule and budget; * Ensure that the channels of communication and consultation between the administrators and affected persons have been established and operationalized; * ensure that compensation payments due to affected persons are paid in full and in a timely manner;

* Verify that the processing of grievances has taken place within the set time limits; and * Closely watch the adherence to lawful, approved allocation of acquisition and resettlement money so as to ensure the absence of corruption.

Internal monitoring will be the overall responsibility of the resettlement implementation agency, ERA.

Because prompt action reduces escalation of problems, and in the longer run saves money, the emphasis will be on promptly resolving issues at local level with interventions by higher-level officers only when absolutely necessary.

Abay Engineering 42 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Compensation reports will be prepared on a monthly basis so that prompt action can be taken, if necessary, by higher-level officials without adversely affecting the resettlement execution.

ERA will provide quarterly reports to the internal monitoring section of ERA. These reports should include: name of reporting agency, date of reporting, details on the implementation of the resettlement programs scheduled for that year, reasons for any delays, problems encountered, corrective actions and their results, and problems that need to be resolved at a higher level.

14.3 External Monitoring and Evaluation

The objectives of the external monitoring and evaluation are to:

Methodology

The general methodology will involve a mix of one-on-one questionnaires administered to households, and participatory rapid appraisal techniques (PRA) repeated on a six-monthly or yearly basis during the resettlement and construction activities associated with the project.

The household surveys will concentrate on the changes in economic activity, incomes and other social conditions of individual households. Key indicators will include: * Household composition, * Pre-acquisition rights over land, * Size and condition of house, * Accumulated assets, * Annual income, * Relative mix of productive activities,

This survey will provide a series of socio-economic indicators, which can subsequently be monitored in order to evaluate the success of the resettlement and income restoration process.

In addition, the baseline survey, undertaken as soon as possible after the DMS will ask questions on: * household plans to do when confronted with the impending loss of land and/or housing;

Abay Engineering 43 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

* the extent and effectiveness of the dissemination of information on compensation • standards and options, acquisition processes and restitution measures.

The baseline survey will also ask an open-ended question about the farmers' anticipations and apprehensions regarding the impending land acquisition and resettlement process.

The PRA surveys will be conducted at the village level and will consist of similar indicators to those described above but focusing on the village as a whole. The objective is to provide a wider assessment of the effectiveness of the resettlement process than is possible from the surveys of individual households. These surveys will involve focus group discussions and key informant interviews.

Experience shows that these surveys can provide a greater understanding of changes in socio-economic conditions that can be obtained from household interviews. In contrast, the household interviews are more suitable for providing a set of quantifiable indicators, which can be compared over time.

Subsequent surveys will use the same format but with greater emphasis given to the changes that have occurred since the baseline survey was undertaken, the actual timing of compensation related activities (signature of contracts, disbursement of funds, identification of new housing sites, construction of new buildings, effectiveness of grievance procedures, and on general levels of satisfaction/ dissatisfaction with the resettlement process.

Both household and PRA surveys will be designed to distinguish between changes that are attributable to involuntary resettlement and loss of land and those that result from external factors.

Abay Engineering 44 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

REFERENCES

1 ERA, Compensationpayments

2. ERA, EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Guideline Document

3. ERA, EnvironmentalProcedures Manual

4. ERA, Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework

5. World Bank, OP4. 12 Involuntary Resettlement (December 2001

6. ERA, Seven Roads EIA study

7. ERA, Seven Roads Feasibility Study

8. ERA, Environmental!Social Impact Review Report(Adigrat - Adwa - Shire)

9. ERA, Draft Road Sector Development Programnme II

10. ERA, Environmental impact assessment Report (Adigrat -Adi Abun)

I 1. ERA, Executive Summary (EnvironmentalImpact Assessmenlt of Woldia- Worota anid Adigrat - Shire)

12. ERA, Land Acquisition Report (Contract 1 and 2, Shire Adigrat)

13. ERA, EnvironmilentalImnpact Analysis of the Five Roads selectedfrom rehabilitationand/or upgrading/Debremarkos-Gonida)

14. ERA, EIA of the five roads selectedfrom rehabilitationand/or upgrading (Summary Report)

15. EEPCO, Resettlement plan (Gilgel Gibe Hydro power project)

16. The Constitution of the FederalDemocratic Republic of Ethiopia.

17. ERA, Re-establishment Proclamation.

18. ERA, Environmentalimpact assessment (Adigrat-Adi Abun Annexure F)

Abay Engineering 45 RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Final Report

Contacted Officials; Adigrat -Shire/ Indasilase Road Project

S.No. Name Woreda Post 1 G/Egziabher G/Mariam Ganta Afeshum Chief Administrator 2 Ato Kahssay G/Michael Ganta Afeshum Head Rural Development 3 Ato Birhane Barhe Ganta Afeshum Deputy Administrator 4 Ato Ephrem Andawork Adwa Town Town Chief 5 W/ro Alganesh Reta Adwa Town Head Capacity Building 6 Ato Araya Merid Adwa Town Head Trade & Commerce 7 Girmay Khasay Adwa Town Admin. Delegate 8 Teklay Yirdaw Adwa Town Expert 9 Ato Goytom Ibrahim Adwa Head Rural Development 10 Hagos G/Wahid Adwa Administrator 11 Meseret Alemseged Axum Town Town Chief (T.C) 12 Yrga Reda Axum Town Expert 13 Tsige Beyene Laelay Maychew Chief Administrator 14 Hagos Kiros Laelay Maychew Head Rural Dean 15 G/Wahid Berhe Laelay Maychew Admin. Delegate 16 Ato Berhe G/Hiwot Adigrat Team Chief (T.C) 17 G/Michael Negash Shire/Endesilase Team Chief (T.C) 18 H/Selassie G/Hiwot Indasilase town G/M of town 19 Habte Selase Assefa Tahtay Koraro Head Rural Development 20 T/Ab T/Haymanot Tahtay Maychew /Wekro Chief Administrator 21 Teklewoyne G/Medhin Tahtay Maychew Chief Administrator 22 Tilahun Mesfin Medebay Zona / Selehlaka Chief Administrator 23 Mekonen Aregay Medebay Zona Chief Adminstrator 24 Mekonnen Berhane Ahferom Deputy Admin 25 Tekneto Agush Ahferom Chief Admin. 26 G/Mariam Negash Ahferom Adminstrator

Abay Engineering 46

ANNEX-1

Structure and Public Utilities ANNEX -2

Method of Valuation ANNEX -3

Maps ANNEX -4

Names of Affected House Owners / Tenants ANNEX -5

Affected agricultural, grazing land & trees ANNEX -6

Compensations for Affected Houses ANNEX -7

Signed Minutes of Meetings; Officials ANNEX -8

Signed Minutes of Meetings; PAPs ANNEX -9

Photos ANNEX- 1 Structure &Public Utilities Adigrat-Shire Annex -1 Strutures and Public utilities

Contract -I

Fences Public Infrastructure Woreda Chainage Dry stone Mud Cement Wooden Barb. El Poles Tel poles Trans- Pipeline Water Sign mason. Mortar mas. Mortar mas Wire formers points boards (kmim)(m) (m)(m) (m) (m) (No) (No) (No) (km) (No) (No) Adowa 110-135 30 35 185 5 L Maichew 135-155 200

T Maichew 155-167 10

Med. Zana 167-185 80 15 10 2

L.Koraro 185-195

Total 120 235 200 0 10 5 0 0 0 2

Contract - 2

Fences Public Infrastructure Woreda Chainage Dry stone Mud Cement Wooden Barb. ElPoles Telpoles Trans- Pipeline Water Sign Mason Mortar mas. Mortar mas Wire formers points boards (km) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (No) (No) (No) (km) (No) (No) Adigrat 0-1 0 20 G Afeshum 1-40. 165 95

Ahferom 40-90 420 5 0.5

Adowa 90-107 100 100 10 1

Total 685 0 105 0 95 30 0 0 15 0 0 ANNEX 2 Valuation Method RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase

Annex-2

Methods of Valuing Annual Average Output Value (AAOV) Per hectare

A. Farm land/ Cereals

The approach has tried to minimize the negative effects on the families to be affected.

The calculation below has been made in order to allocate sufficient funds to fully compensate households who will be adversely affected during the project implementation. The compensation committee together with the affected households will decide the details and actual compensation to be received by each household.

The major crops in Adigrta - Shire/ Indasilase Project area are Teff, Barely and Sorghum. For the compensation teff is taken.

The computation is done on a hectare based return calculation. The amount of inputs (labor, oxen power, seed, pesticide etc) has been calculated. The amount of yield on local way of farming is estimated. The price of the product per kg is collected from the area. This finally changed to return calculation. The way of calculation mentioned above is indicated in the table below taking Teff as the major crops.

TABLE :Cost andreturnperhectare for TeffwithoutusingFertilizer inputs ongoodsoi

= ______I Years No ITEM UNIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 COST 11 Oxen PH 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Price 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Value 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 1.2 Seed Kg 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Price Birr 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Value 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 1 3 Pesticides Lumpsum 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 14 Sacks 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 15 Tools 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 1.60 Land Tax 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Total Cost Birr 495 496 496 496 497 497 497 497

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase

Annex-2

2 RETURN Yieid QT 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 Pnce Birr 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 Gross Return Birr 1350 1620 1620 1620 1890 1890 1890 1890

Net Return Birr 855 1124 1124 1124 1393 1393 1393 1393 Annual Average Otuput Value per hectares (Birr) - 1290

Thus based on the above calculation a farmer can get birr 1290 per hectares. This amount is taken a compensation for lost farmland. In the project area from 6 to 10 years annual production compensation is paid. In this case, we used the following norm for the compensation. * A land fee for 6 year annual crop loss * Residence subsidy for 3 year * Outstanding crop loss 1 year.

A 10 year compensation. Based on this a compensation will be 12,900 for a hectares of land. Using this method, the total compensation required is calculated in each project. Trees: The major trees in the project area are eucalyptus. It is a major source of income for the farmers. Especially it uses very much for the farmers, in dry season when crop production falls and drought occur. This tree used different purposes. It uses for house construction, fuel wood, as a shade etc. More over the cost of production is insignificant. Thus, the loss is estimated by using the current price of Birr 10 per single tree of average size tree in the area.

However the tree is used or cut and could be marketed 5 to 6 times every 7 years. Therefore if the on average 3 times is compensated is cost Birr 277650 in all the project area. Grazing land : In this part of the impact loss similar projects compensation has been adapted. Thus, a housing project in Addiss Ababa, " Addis Mender Yebet Sira Mahber, Yeka Taffo" it paid Birr 12,111 per hectares for good grade grazing land. In this project the grade is less than this, and thus, it is estimated to pay Birr 6000 for hectare of grazing land.

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase

ANNEX- 3 MAPS

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase

Annex- 3

Figure 1: Location Map; Adigrat - Shire Indasilase _= a~~~~~AI SIEINASILASE Axum Adwa / ~~~~Mekelle,oo

Addis Ababa

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase Annex: 3

Figure 2: Major Towns Affected; Adigrat - Shire / Indasilase

Bizet

Entichv \ * ADIGRAT ADI ABUN/-- ' Wukro Maaray dwa SHIRE/ INDASILASE _ ' ~~~Axum Selekleka

Scale

Abay Engineering RAP; Adigrat-Shire /Indasilase

Abay Engineering Annex-4: List of Names of affected house owners / Tenants Woreda Axum (Lalay Maychew) Affected persons Background Property to be affected Distance S.No Kebele /locality Family Healt Housing units from the Affected person Sex Age Educa. Occup. size Status Owner Type Service Area M2 Other center of sizeStatusShip Te Srvc AeaMthe Road

1 03 Aleka Sekure Abay M 69 R &W Chu.Emp 5 Good P Corr. + stone Res. 20 7 away 2 03 G/selassie Temam M 52 R &W Trading 3 Good P Corr. + stone Business 18 1 8 away 3 03 Tehedeza G/mariam F 42 R &W No 3 Good P Corr.+ mud Business 58 8 away 4 03 Tarekegn Aragaw M 55 4 Trading 4 Good P Corr + stone Business 54 8 away 5 03 Gideye Gezahegn M 38 8 Trading 5 Good P Corr + mud Business 24 7 away 6 03 Fiseha Tedele M 39 12 G.Emplo. 2 Good P Corr + stone Business 48 7 away 7 03 G/Mariam Kidannie M 44 12+2 G Emplo. 3 Good P Corr + mud Business 42 8 away 8 03 Alemeshet G/giyorgis M 33 12 G.Emplo. 4 Good P Corr. + stone Res. 42 9 away 9 03 Basha Abreha M 38 8 No 3 Good P Corr. + stone Res. 54 9 away

______Households to be Relocated

1 03 Woreda Finance Office = - K Corr. + stone Office 94 10 away 2 03 Berhane Teferi M 37 4 Trading 4 Good P Corr. + stone Res. 62 10 away 3 03 Tirefenesh Alemu F 58 R &W No 5 Good P Corr. + stone Business 49 10 away 4 03 Abeba T/hayemanot F 55 R &W No 2 Good P Corr. + stone Business 38 1 1 10 away Annex 5: Agricultural land, grazing land and trees affected by woredas and Kebeles Adigrat - Shire ( Contract-1 REGION: Tigray Farm land

Rain Irrigati Grazing Cash crops (Ha) feed on land ] Kebele (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) Eucalyptus(No) Coffe(No)|Sugarcane(Ha)JBanana(No)JHope(No) Woreda:Laylay Koraro Mayadrasha 3.4 0 3 Adigidad 2.55 1000 Beles 4.05 252

Shire Sub Total 10 0° 0.3 1252 0 0 0 0 Woreda:Medeba Zana Afgaga 5 750 Adkmalem 2.5 Selklaka Embatseday 3 5 Sub Total 11 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 Woreda: Tahtay machew Wukirmarai Akebtseat 2 85 Maiberaz 5.8 Mayseat 2.35 20 Kiwant _ Sub Total 11 0 0 20 l o0 0 Woreda: laylay machew Dura 0.65[ 1.6 _ _ _ _ _ Adikhanker _ 1.5 ______Wuhidet 1.65 _ _ 451 Axum I _I_I I_I I____ Total | 3.81 1.61 0l 451 0l 0l 0l 0 Woreda: Adwa Beteyohanis } 90 ______SubTotal 3.8 1.6 0 761 01 0 0 0 Total 39.6 3.2 0.3 2143 01 o o Annex 5: Agricultural land, grazing land and trees affected by woredas and Kebeles Adigrat - Shire (Contract 2) REGION: Tigray Farm land Rain Grazing. Cash crops and Tress feed Irrigation land Hope Kebele (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) Eucaluptus(No) Coffe(No) Sugarcane(Ha) Banana(No) ( Woreda: Gantaafeshum Adigrat = = Buket 0.05 : Hadnet = 100 Bizet 2.25 70 Hgereselam 0 5 100 Mgulat 0 5 110 Adikiney 0.75 73 Sub Total 4.05 0 0 453 0 0 0 0 Woreda: Ahferom Enticho Town (01) 45 Enticho Town (02) Sero 13 20 Degezo 0.05 Masino 20

Enticho/addaro 1 ______Dibdibo 3 04 T Guldam 2 25 13 Sub Total 7.64 0 0 98 0 0 0} 0 Woreda: Adaw

Gendefta 2.5 30 _ _ _ MariamShewito 1.5 22 Lakiya 2.25

Adwa Town (06) ___|.||_ Indabagerima

Bete Yohanis 0 6 ______SubTotal 6.85 0 01 521 0ll l0 0 TotalI18.54 0 0l 603 o0 o0 0l 0 Annex 6: Compensations for houses

Wereda: Gantaafeshum

Houses S.Nc Kebele /locality Affected persons

Type Service Area M Unit Price Amount IBirrl

1 Buket (07) Tsegaye G/Haymanot Corr + stone Res 58 600 34800

2 Buket (07) Ekubayue T/Haymanot Soil + stone Res 55 250 13750

3 Buket (07) Kebedech Barahi Soil + stone Res 48 250 12000

4 Buket (07) Asemelash Kasay Soil + stone Res 200 250 50000

5 Buket (07) Gebremariam Gebne Soil + stone Res 40 250 10000

6 Buket (07) Argaw Tadela Soil + stone Res 25 250 6250

7 Buket (07) Tsadkan Adera Soil + stone Res 25 250 6250

8 Buket (07) Kahesay Meles Soil + stone Res 60 250 15000

9 Buket (07) Halefom G/ kidan Soil + stone Res 40 250 10000

10 Buket (07) Kes Mehari Gebrie Soil + stone Res 40 250 10000

11 Hagere selam Berahun Girmay Soil + stone S Shop 12 250 3000

12 Mugulat Welay Gebrie Soil + stone Res 30 250 7500

13 Mugulat Hailesilase Rikku Soil + stone Res 28 250 7000

14 Mugulat Gedey Tesfaye Soil + stone Res 30 250 7500

15 Mugulat Embay Teka Corr +H B Res 38 600 22800

16 Mugulat Bahere Tesfayie Corr +H B Res 38 600 22800

17 Mugulat Alema Atsebeha Corr +H B Res 38 600 22800

18 Mugulat Tesfaye zemu Corr + stone Res 34 600 20400

19 Mugulat Fekrey G/yesuses Soil + stone Res 20 250 5000

20 Mugulat Aba G/Michael G/giyoregis Soil + stone Res 18 250 4500

21 Mugulat Meath Tesfaye Soil + stone Res 28 250 7000

22 Mugulat kaese Dahnawi Berehae Soil + stone Res 56 250 14000

23 Mugulat Benhun Girma Corr +Stone Shop 32 600 19200

24 Adikeney Birhan Teka Corr + stone S Shop +R 30 600 18000

25 Ayekebay sadkan G/Anegiya Soil + stone Res 24 250 6000

26 Adikeney Tsadkan G/Anegiya Corr + stone Res 26 600 15600

27 Ayekebay Hadish Welihet Soil + stone Res 24 250 6000

28 Bezet Hayilay G/markos Corr + corr S Shop 16 250 4000

29 Adideyro Amar Teklemariam Corr +Stone Res 20 600 12000

30 Adidayro G/giyorgis Sehbat Corr + stone Res 140 600 84000

31 Adidayro Kaese Girma Kahssay Corr + stone Res 76 600 45600

32 Adidayro Selase Sema Corr + stone Res 54 600 32400

Total 555150 Annex 6: Compensations for houses

Wereda: Aheferom

Houses S.No Kebele /locality Affected persons

Type Service Area M 2 Unit Price Amount lBirrI

1 May Sero Kidan G/manam Corr + stone Res 26 600 15600

2 May Sero Yemaneh Brehan Corr + stone Res 28 600 16800

3 Inticho ('01) Hadish G/Medihen Corr + stone Res 120 600 72000

4 Inticho ('01) Girmay GNYohannes Corr + stone Res 62 600 37200

5 Inticho ('01) Aregay Kidanie Corr + stone Res 26 600 15600

6 Inticho ('01) G/Kidan W/Mechael Corr + stone Res 22 600 13200

7 Inticho ('01) Welday W/Mehiret Corr +Stone Res 42 600 25200

8 Inticho ('01) G/amiack Nugussie Corr + stone Res 20 600 12000

9 Inticho ('01) G/fanueal G/manam Corr + H B Res 24 600 14400

10 Inticho ('01) T/Abe Adhane Corr + H B Res 24 600 14400

11 Inticho ('01) Kirose Reda Corr + H B Shop + R 36 600 21600

12 Inticho ('01) Said Yedego Corr + H B Shop 36 600 21600

13 Inticho ('01) Zenebech beyene Corr + H B Res 64 600 38400

14 Inticho ('01) Yasine Adem Corr + H B Shop 28 600 16800

15 Inticho ('01) Asegedom Mebratu Corr + stone Shop 34 600 20400

16 Inticho ('01) Letemichael G/yesus Soil + stone Res 32 600 19200

17 Inticho ('01) Teweldmedehin Abreha Corr + stone Shop 32 600 19200

18 Inticho ('01) Asegedom haderi Corr + stone Shop 54 600 32400

19 Inticho ('02) Saleh Adem Corr + stone Res 36 600 21600 Total 447600 Annex 6: Compensations for houses Wereda: Adewa

Houses S.No Kebele /locality Affected persons

Type Service Area M 2 Unit Price Amount /Birrl

1 Guldem Desta G/Aregay Corr + H B Res 50 600 30000

2 Manam shwito G/hiwot G/manam Corr + Stone Res 48 600 28800

3 Manam shwto G/ tsadik Digua Corr + Stone Res 28 600 16800

4 Manam shwito Alem Welu Corr + Stone Res 32 600 19200

5 Xdi Abun (09) Markos Meshesha Corr + Stone Res 25 600 15000

6 di Abun (09) Gedey G/kidan Soil + Stone Res 30 600 18000

7 di Abun (09) Aberash Ebiyo Corr + Stone Res 16 600 9600

8 di Abun (09) Yemane Birhan Corr + H B Res 22 600 13200

9 Adi Abun (09) Mebrat Abay Corr + H B Res 60 600 36000

10 Adi Abun (09) Shebele Transport Cor + H B Office 60 600 36000

11 di Abun (09) Aberehet Tensay Corr +M Res 20 500 10000

12 Adi Abun (09) Zeweditu Wene Corr + Stone Res 26 600 15600

13 kdi Abun (09) Bekele Birhane Corr + Stone Res 115 600 69000

14 di Abun (09) Roman G/hiywot Cor + H B Busi 45 600 27000

15 Adi Abun (09) Ezgihara G/selassie Corr + H B Busi 25 600 15000

16 Adi Abun (09) Etay wendemu Corr + Stone Res 42 600 25200

17 Adi Abun (09) Desta Yedego Corr + Stone Res 49 600 29400

18 Adi Abun (09) Kinfu Hadera Corr + Stone Res 35 600 21000

19 Adi Abun (09) Letaye Gebru Corr + M Res 30 500 15000

20 Adi Abun (09) Kease Teklu Gesese Corr + M Res 34 500 17000

21 Adi Abun (09) G/mach W/rufaeal Corr + M Res 32 500 16000

22 Adi Abun (09) Aleka Markos Meshesha Corr +M Res 36 500 18000

23 Adi Abun (09) Tebreh yohannes Corr +M Res 34 500 17000

24 Adi Abun (09) Kebele 09 Office Corr +Stone Office 80 600 48000

25 Adi Abun (09) Cor Desta Arega Cocr +Stone Busi 18 600 10800 Total 576600 Annex 6: Compensations for houses

Wereda: Medebay Zana

Houses S.No Kebele /locality Affected persons

Type Service Area M 2 unit Amount /Birr Price

1 Selekleka Letay Asbsha Corr + M Res 30 500 15000

2 Selekleka G/ kiristos Yared Corr + H B Busi 60 600 36000

3 Selekleka Girmay T/Bnhan Conr + H B Busi 50 600 30000

4 Selekleka Ahamed Wehab Corr + Stone Busi 48 600 28800

5 Selekleka Lijalem Corr + Stone Busi. 38 600 22800

6 Selekleka Tsegaye Tebeje Corr + Stone Busi 42 600 25200

7 Selekleka Tibereh Corr + Stone Bus] 28 600 16800

8 Selekleka Umer Mohammed Corr + Stone Shop 48 600 28800

9 Selekleka Hagos Tedla Corr + Stone Res 52 600 31200

10 Selekleka Abreha Mesfin Corr + M Shop 25 500 12500

11 elekleka Hail Nurhusen Tesfa - Verenda 12 250 3000

12 Selekleka Mohammed Kemil Verenda 9 250 2250 Total 252350 Annex 6: Compensations for houses

Wereda: Lalay May Chew (Axum)

Houses S.No Kebele /locality Affected persons

Type Service Area M 2 Unit Price Amount IBirrl

1 Axum (03) Noreda Finance Office Corr + stone Office 94 600 56400

2 Axum (03) leka Sekure Abay Corr + stone Res 20 600 12000

3 Axum (03) Berhane Tefen Corr + stone Res 62 600 37200

4 Axum (03) G/selassie Temam Corr + stone Business 18 600 10800

5 Axum (03) Tehedeza G/manam Corr + mud Business 58 500 29000

6 Axum (03) Tarekegn Aragaw Corr + stone Business 54 600 32400

7 Axum (03) Gideye Gezahegn Corr + mud Business 24 500 12000

8 Axum (03) Fiseha Tedele Corr + stone Business 48 600 28800

9 Axum (03) G/Mariam Kidannie Corr + mud Business 42 500 21000

10 Axum (03) Tirefenesh Alemu Corr + stone Business 49 600 29400

11 Axum (03) Xbeba T/hayemanot Corr + stone Business 38 600 22800

12 Axum (03) Ilemeshet G/giyorgis Corr + stone Res 42 600 25200

13 Axum (03) Basha Abreha Corr + stone Res 54 600 32400 Total 349400 Annex 6: Compensations for houses

Wereda: Thatay May Chew

House S.No Kebele /locality Affected person

Type Service Area M 2

1 ekroekro_maaray maaray _ Abrehabreha_GMchael_ G/Michael ICorr+stoneConr + stone ResResUnit 404Amount 600Price 24000IBirrl Annex 9

Photos ------z- -- :- re tf.-.k.-.

a~~~~

Photo 1: Trees to be affected - near Enticho

: -: ,4 . J-'-

Photo 3* Site for rel tion o r A m--

I I J. -rr-'-%J. _ .5~~~~~FT

Photo 2: Site for relocation of houses, Enticho

- -. -i .1 -

- 4 - _ _ f ~f. ~._~~~~~~~~0 - . -_ , . S.; .., _ . ~~~~--v : C ,,

- - . - - r. _- ½-| -..?. ...

Photo 3: Site for relocation of houses, Axum Photo 4: Site for relocation of houses - Axum

~~~xt.~ ~ ~ X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ i *

Photo 5: Irrigation Canal - near Selekleka

Photo6Seleklkavill

Photo 6: Selekleka village _' . e ;4 !%' L

Photo 7: Minimum impact - Wukro Maray village

Photo 8: Minimum Impact - Shire! Indasillase town

9.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

Photo 9 Site for relocation of houses - Shire! Indasillase town