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The World Federation of ADHD Guide BOARD of the WORLD FEDERATION of ADHD

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The World Federation of ADHD Guide BOARD of the WORLD FEDERATION of ADHD Luis Augusto Rohde Jan K. Buitelaar Manfred Gerlach Stephen V. Faraone (Editors) The World Federation of ADHD Guide BOARD OF THE WORLD FEDERATION OF ADHD President Secretary General Prof. Luis Rohde Dr. Declan Quinn Federal University of Rio Grando do Sul University of Saskatchewan Department of Psychiatry Saskatoon, Canada Porto Alegre, Brazil Treasurer Vice President Prof. Manfred Gerlach Prof. Jan Buitelaar University of Würzburg Radboud University Department of Child and Adolescent Nijmegen, The Netherlands Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Vice President Würzburg, Germany Prof. Stephen Faraone SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, USA Luis Augusto Rohde Jan K. Buitelaar Manfred Gerlach Stephen V. Faraone (Editors) The World Federation of ADHD Guide 2019 Copyright @ 2019 by World Federation of ADHD. All rights reserved. Cover: Paola Manica Graphic design, and publishing: TIPOS – design editorial e fotografia Made by: ARTMED EDITORA LTDA., a GRUPO A EDUCAÇÃO S.A. company Av. Jerônimo de Ornelas, 670 – Santana 90040-340 – Porto Alegre – RS Phone: +55 (51) 3027-7000 Fax: +55 (51) 3027-7070 São Paulo Rua Doutor Cesário Mota Jr., 63 01221-020, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo – SP Phone: +55 (11) 3221-9033 SAC 0800 703-3444 — www.grupoa.com.br AUTHORS Luis Augusto Rohde (ed.) – Professor of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Jan K. Buitelaar (ed.) – Professor of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre. Principal Investigator at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, and Head of Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre. Manfred Gerlach (ed.) – Associate Professor of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany. Stephen V. Faraone (ed.) – Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Me- dical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America. David Coghill – Financial Markets Foundation Chair of Developmental Mental Health, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Univer- sity of Melbourne, Australia. Dennis van der Meer – Research fellow, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Desiree Silva – Professor of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Australia. Francisco R. de la Peña Olvera – Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uni- versidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Head at Clinical Research Department in the National Institute of Psychiatry “Dr Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, México. vi Authors Jennifer Richards – Post-doctoral researcher, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psycho- pathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands. Lino Palacios Cruz – Associate Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Profes- sor of Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Researcher in Medical Sciences level D of National Institutes of Health, México. Principal Investigator PROMETEO (ADHD) Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, National Insti- tute of Psychiatry “Dr Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, México. Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun – Professor and Head of Psychiatry, Director, Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CCAMH), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Consultant in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Philip Asherson – Professor of Psychiatry at King’s College London, United Kingdom. Ryan J. Kennedy – Clinical Associate, Brown Clinic for ADHD and Related Disorders, Manhattan Beach, California, United States of America. Thomas E. Brown – Director of Brown Clinic for ADHD and Related Disorders, Ma- nhattan Beach, California; Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Beha- vioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States of America. Tobias Banaschewski – Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Di- rector, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Deputy Director, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany. Wai Chen – Professor of Child Psychiatry, University of Western Australia; Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Department of Health, Western Australia. Yi Zheng – Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. JUNIOR EDITORS Brazil Fausto Campani | Júlia Stocchero Amaro | Márcio Lemos Sônego China He Fan | Qi Yanjie | Huang Huanhuan | Qi Junhui | Chen Sijian Luo Jie | Yin Shengjian Mexico Adriana Arias Caballero | Frinné Galicia Moreno | Miriam T. Serment Azuara Maria Rosa Palacios Heredia PREFACE Searching the PUBMED or the Web of Science using the words: “ADHD or Attention Deficit Disorder”, your screen will immediately list almost fifty thousand references. If you google: “ADHD/Attention Deficit Disorder book” an equally numerous deluge of titles will be offered instantaneously. Thus, the first question is: Why another book on ADHD? As part of the current board of the World Federation of ADHD, the organizers of this book thought that our Federation has the unique responsibility to pay spe- cial attention to pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists and other mental health professionals in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC). These colleagues have little or no access to evidence-based information on the disorder. So, this is not simply one more book “in the ocean of the ADHD literature”, it is the only book designed with several features to allow easy access by colleagues in LMIC coun- tries. These are as follows: First, the book will be open access. Professionals from LMICs rarely can afford buying books on specific disorders. Second, it will be an e-book. Distribution of hard copy books is too expensive for distributing to the great majority of profes- sionals in LMICs. Recent surveys worldwide have shown that over 3 billion people globally have a smartphone; 6 billion will have them by 2020. Smartphones are more ubiquitous than clean water, indoor plumbing, and stable electricity. Third, we have prepared versions in English, Spanish, and Chinese, which are the three most commonly spoken languages worldwide, allowing us to reach about 25% of the world’s population. Here we would like to thank specially our junior colla- borators: Adriana Arias Caballero, Frinné Galicia Moreno, Miriam T. Serment Azuara and Maria Rosa Palacios Heredia from Mexico, He Fan, Qi Yanjie, Huang Huanhuan, Qi Junhui, Chen Sijian, Luo Jie e Yin Shengjian from China, Fausto Campani, Julia Amaro and Marcio Sônego from Brazil for their inestimable efforts. viii Preface Fourth, our book focuses on what LMIC professionals need to know about “the essentials” for diagnosing and managing ADHD in their daily clinical work. For this reason, we decided for a book with 6 chapters translating what is most relevant when assessing and caring those affected by the disorder and their families, while also including some basic information about epidemiology and risk factors. Fifth, this book was designed and written by an international team for an inter- national audience. We were very fortunate to have a team of wonderful investiga- tors and clinicians with a long track of experience in different aspects of ADHD writing these six chapters. Our profound gratitude to: David Coghill, Dennis van der Meer, Desiree Silva, Francisco R. de la Peña Olvera, Jennifer Richards, Lino Palacios Cruz, Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun, Philip Asherson, Ryan J. Kennedy, Thomas E. Brown, Tobias Banaschewski, Wai Chen e Yi Zheng. We are proud to highlight that we had in our team representatives from all continents reinforcing the worldwide mandate of our Federation and our respect for diversity. This book was only possible based on the partnership with our publisher, Artes Médicas that easily and immediately understood the relevance of this proposal and efficiently worked to make it possible. They are also making available with reasonable prices both a printed and an e-version of the book in Portuguese. Our special thanks to the producing team and more specifically to Claudia Bittencourt who worked closely with us in this initiative, making the process smooth and ef- fective. We are confident that the World Federation ADHD book will be useful clini- cally for a substantial proportion of health care professionals in LMICs dealing with patients with ADHD. Moreover, we hope that, at the end of the day, ADHD will be more adequately recognized in these countries and that the suffering of these patients and their families will be mitigated by evidence-based interventions that would be feasible to implement in this context. Luis Augusto Rohde Jan K. Buitelaar Manfred Gerlach Stephen V. Faraone (Editors) CONTENTS 1. UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS OF THE ETIOLOGY OF ADHD 1 Stephen V. Faraone, Lino Palacios Cruz, Francisco R. de la Peña Olvera 2. UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS OF THE ADHD NEUROBIOLOGY 17 Jan K. Buitelaar, Dennis van der Meer, Jennifer Richards 3. ADHD ASSESSMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 42 Luis Augusto Rohde, David Coghill, Philip Asherson, Tobias Banaschewski
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