DOCSLIB.ORG

Crustacean Research 48: 67-80 (2019)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crustacean Research 48: 67-80 (2019) Crustacean Research 2019 Vol.48: 67–80 ©Carcinological Society of Japan. doi: 10.18353/crustacea.48.0_67 Seaward migration and larval release of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 (Anomura: Coenobitidae) on Iriomote Island, Japan Taketo Nio, Wataru Doi, Akira Mizutani, Hiroyoshi Kohno Abstract.̶ The seaward migration and larval release of Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 on a sandy beach of Iriomote Island, Japan, was studied between May and November 2009 and between May and December 2010. Seaward migration and larval release were mainly observed for several days before and after new moons during the period from June to November, and the migration was mainly focused on 0.82 days after the new moon. Around full moons, some crabs were also found, with the highest numbers at 1.34 days after spring tides (semi-lunar rhythms). Almost half of the crabs that appeared on the beach entered seawater, and almost half of the immersed crabs released zoeas or exhibited swinging behavior. Appearance of crabs on the beach and entering seawater occurred only after sunset between 19:00 to 23:10. The peak time of the appearance on the beach was within a certain range each month. Crabs entered seawater at a mean of 2 h after the nighttime high tide. Seaward migration of the crabs showed clear seasonality, and many crabs migrated and entered seawater during the period from July to September, the months with higher temperature (＞25°C). This species shows a phenology and rhythm of spawning common to coenobitids on the Ryukyu Islands. Key words: hatch, reproduction, Ryukyu Islands, spawning, Yaeyama Islands ■ Introduction swash zone, which allows us to directly ob- serve those behaviors, unlike aquatic species, As a taxon, the family Coenobitidae inhabits which release larvae underwater. In addition, the largest terrestrial area of the anomuran ovigerous females of coenobitids migrate at a decapods and has worldwide subtropical and slower walking speed on beaches with poor tropical distribution. They are found on shores, vegetation cover. Therefore, members of this inland areas, coastal forests, rainforests and family are easier to observe than intertidal and arid scrublands of small islands or narrow supratidal brachyurans which can move more coastal strips (Hartnoll, 1988; Greenaway, quickly. 2003). Because their aquatic larvae need saline The general biology and chronobiology of water to hatch (Hamasaki et al., 2018a), ovig- spawning have been well documented in field erous females of coenobitids move to the wa- studies of brachyurans (e.g., Forward, 1987; ter’s edge and release larvae into seawater (Ya- Morgan, 1995; Christy, 2011). In the case of maguchi, 1938; de Wilde, 1973; Imafuku, littoral and supralittoral brachyurans, larval re- 2001; Nakasone, 2001; Nieves-Rivera & Wil- lease generally occurs at night during high tide liams, 2003; Doi et al., 2016, 2018a). Larval on larger amplitude tides on a bi-weekly or release by coenobitid crabs takes place in the monthly cycle of the tidal amplitude (Christy, Received: 1 Apr 2019. Accepted: 9 July 2019. Published online: 23 Aug 2019. 67 TAKETO NIO ET AL. 2011). The larval release by coenobitids has brevimanus is scarce in the northern part, but been documented with respect to the lunar cy- some local populations of this species are cle but not the tidal amplitude cycle (de Wilde, found in the southern part, the Yaeyama Islands 1973; Nakasone, 2001; Nieve-Rivera & Wil- (Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education, liams, 2003; Sato & Yoseda, 2009; Doi et al., 1987; 2006). In this area, C. brevimanus is the 2016). Spatiotemporal patterns of larval release most terrestrially adapted Coenobita and in- are important parameters that determine the habits inland and coastal forests in lower den- survival and transport of early-stage larvae by sity than its sympatric congener C. cavipes currents (Christy, 2003, Murakami et al., 2014; (Kosuge & Kohno, 2010; Hamasaki et al., Doi et al., 2018b). Moreover, expansion of the 2017). The abundance of C. brevimanus is geographical distribution and metapopulation higher in the area with human settlement network of benthic populations of terrestrial (maintained and abandoned villages) and the decapods including coenobitids is determined adjacent beach (Kosuge & Kohno, 2010; by the transport of aquatic larvae (Anger, Mizutani et al., 2012) than in natural habitats 2006). Therefore, characterizing the dynamics such as on sandy beaches and mangrove estu- of larval release by coenobitids is indispens- aries (Kohno et al., 2012; Fujikawa et al., able for understanding the population structure. 2017). The land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus The population of C. brevimanus in Amitori Dana, 1852 (Anomura: Coenobitidae) is widely Bay of Iriomote Island in the Yaeyama Islands distributed and a common species throughout (24°24′N, 123°46′E) (Fig. 1) has many crabs of the Indo-Pacific area (Hartnoll, 1988; Vannini large size (Mizutani & Kohno, 2012; Doi et al., & Ferretti, 1997; McLaughlin et al., 2007; 2019). It could serve as a population source to Hamasaki et al., 2015a; Hsu et al., 2018). The other areas in the northern marginal part of the southern islands of the Japanese archipelago range through dispersal during pelagic larval are the extreme northern limit of the biological stages, because larger females can be expected range of this species. In the Ryukyu Islands, C. to have higher fecundity and, thus, release Fig. 1. Location of the study area. A, location of Iriomote Island and Amitori (inset, arrow); B, aerial photograph of the study site near the buildings of the Okinawa Regional Research Center, Tokai University (ORRC, the abandoned village of Amitori) (Image source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan). Areas enclosed by solid lines and covered by crosshatching indicate sampling sites on the beach during 2009 and 2010, respectively. 68 Crustacean Research 48 SEAWARD MIGRATION AND LARVAL RELEASE OF COENOBITA BREVIMANUS more larvae. To consider conservation of the near-threatened C. brevimanus in this area (Ministry of the Environment, Japan, 2019) with fragmented distribution, it is necessary to elucidate the dynamics of recruitment and the transition from sea to land of juveniles through pelagic larval stages. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the temporal changes in seaward migration and spawning in an effort to understand the repro- ductive biology of C. brevimanus and to deter- mine the role of the local Amitori population as a source of the larvae. Field surveys were con- ducted at different times under different tidal conditions on a sandy beach of Iriomote Island. Fig. 2. Monthly changes in mean±standard deviation (–) of air temperature recorded near the study site at Amitori Branch, Okinawa Regional Research Center, Tokai University on ■ Materials and Methods Iriomote Island during 2009 and 2010. Study site The study area, Amitori Bay, an inlet measur- ing 2.3 km wide and 3.5 km long, is on the northwestern coast of Iriomote Island (24°24′ N, 123°46′E) in the Yeayama Islands (Fig. 1). On the western coast of this bay, Amitori Vil- lage, which was inhabited by a maximum of 200 people between the 17th century and 1971, is situated. In the areas around this village, many large-sized C. brevimanus greater than 20 mm in palm width that that were utilize the shells of edible gastropods such as the silver- mouthed turban Turbo argyrostomus that were discarded by former residents (Doi et al., 2019). Some individuals of C. brevimanus have been documented to migrate to the beach in front of the village and release larvae, but Fig. 3. Temporal changes in the monthly precipitation descriptions of the larval release are brief and (mm) recorded at a meteorological station (24°25.6′N, 123°45.9′E) on Iriomote Island during 2009 (black bars) cover limited periods of observation (Mizutani and 2010 (gray bars). Data were obtained from the Japan & Kohno, 2012; Murakami et al., 2014; Nio et Meteorological Agency website (https://www.data.jma.go.jp/ al., 2014). gmd/risk/obsdl/index.php). Sampling was conducted on an area of sandy beach near Amitori (hereinafter referred to as intervals using Thermochron SL (KN Labora- Amitori Beach) with a length of 300 m (Fig. tories, Inc.) (Fig. 2). Monthly precipitation on 1B). The monthly mean air temperature at Iriomote Island ranged from 71 to 419 mm in Amitori ranged from 18.2 to 28.8°C in 2009 2009 and 40 to 500 mm in 2010 (Fig. 3), as re- and 18.9 to 29.1°C in 2010, recorded at 10-min corded on a meteorological station (24°25.6′N, Crustacean Research 48 69 TAKETO NIO ET AL. 123°45.9′E) on Iriomote Island and available Statistical analysis on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) To determine whether intervals of seaward- website (https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/risk/ migration/larval release for C. brevimanus are obsdl/index.php). Astronomical tide level data correlated with lunar (29.5 days) or semi-lunar for the study site was obtained from the JMA (14.8 days) cycles or with the size of the spring website (http://www.data.jma.go.jp/kaiyou/db/ tides, circular plots of the timing of reproduc- tide/suisan/). tion with phases of the moon and with the spring-neap tidal cycles (14.8-day cycles of the Field observations difference in height between high and low tides From May to November 2009, a single re- taken over a day) were used (Collin et al. searcher walked and searched for crabs along a 2017). The number of crawling/releasing crabs 300 m long stretch of shoreline with sandy encountered on each date was plotted against beach in Amitori (Fig. 1B) every 2 h from sun- dates (degrees) with the new moon or the set to 6 am the next morning on a couple of spring tides as 0°.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Land Crab Interference with Eradication Projects
    Pacific Invasives Initiative LAND CRAB INTERFERENCE WITH ERADICATION PROJECTS PHASE I – COMPENDIUM OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION Citation: Wegmann A, (2008). Land crab interference with eradication projects: Phase I – compendium of available information. Pacific Invasives Initiative, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Contacts: David Towns | (Science Adviser - Pacific Invasives Initiative) | Department of Conservation | Private Bag 68-908 | Newton, Auckland, New Zealand | Tel: +64 -09- 307-9279 | Email: [email protected] Bill Nagle | Pacific Invasives Initiative – IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group | University of Auckland - Tamaki Campus | Private Bag 92019 | Auckland, New Zealand | Tel: +64 (0) 9 373 7599 | Email: [email protected] Alex Wegmann | Island Conservation Canada | 680-220 Cambie Street | Vancouver, BC V6B 2M9 Canada | Tel: +1 604 628 0250 | Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF TABLES............................................................................................ 2 TABLE OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 3 METHODS ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Coconut Crab Birgus Latro on Zanzibar Highlights Global Threats and Conservation Solutions
    A case study of the coconut crab Birgus latro on Zanzibar highlights global threats and conservation solutions T IM C ARO,HAJI H AMAD,RASHID S ULEIMAN R ASHID,ULRIKE K LOIBER V ICTORIA M. MORGAN,OSSI N OKELAINEN,BARNABAS C ARO,ILARIA P RETELLI N EIL C UMBERLIDGE and M ONIQUE B ORGERHOFF M ULDER Abstract The coconut crab Birgus latro, the largest terrestrial through local communities capitalizing on tourist revenue, decapod, is under threat in most parts of its geographical a conservation solution that could be applied more generally range. Its life cycle involves two biomes (restricted terrestrial across the species’ range. habitats near the coast, and salt water currents of the tropi- Keywords Birgus latro, coconut crab, conservation recom- cal Indian and Pacific Oceans). Its dependence on coastal mendations, IUCN, Pemba, population size, Tanzania habitat means it is highly vulnerable to the habitat destruc- tion that typically accompanies human population expan- sion along coastlines. Additionally, it has a slow reproductive rate and can reach large adult body sizes that, together with Introduction its slow movement when on land, make it highly susceptible to overharvesting. We studied the distribution and popula- he current wave of species extinctions in the tropics tion changes of coconut crabs at island sites in coastal Tis being driven by habitat loss and human exploitation. Tanzania on the western edge of the species’ geographical Species that are particularly susceptible to habitat conver- range. Our aim was to provide the data required for reassess- sion include those that depend on more than one biome ment of the extinction risk status of this species, which, despite to complete their life cycle, rendering them vulnerable to a indications of sharp declines in many places, is currently ca- wide variety of habitat changes or losses.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea. Part VI: Decapoda Anomura
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 6: Decapoda anomura Item Type article Authors Kazmi, Q.B.; Siddiqui, F.A. Download date 04/10/2021 12:44:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/34318 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol. 15(1), 11-79, 2006. AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA PART VI: DECAPODA ANOMURA Quddusi B. Kazmi and Feroz A. Siddiqui Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. E-mails: [email protected] (QBK); safianadeem200 [email protected] .in (FAS). ABSTRACT: The key deals with the Decapoda, Anomura of the northern Arabian Sea, belonging to 3 superfamilies, 10 families, 32 genera and 104 species. With few exceptions, each species is accompanied by illustrations of taxonomic importance; its first reporter is referenced, supplemented by a subsequent record from the area. Necessary schematic diagrams explaining terminologies are also included. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca, Decapoda, Anomura, Arabian Sea - key. INTRODUCTION The Infraorder Anomura is well represented in Northern Arabian Sea (Paldstan) (see Tirmizi and Kazmi, 1993). Some important investigations and documentations on the diversity of anomurans belonging to families Hippidae, Albuneidae, Lithodidae, Coenobitidae, Paguridae, Parapaguridae, Diogenidae, Porcellanidae, Chirostylidae and Galatheidae are as follows: Alcock, 1905; Henderson, 1893; Miyake, 1953, 1978; Tirmizi, 1964, 1966; Lewinsohn, 1969; Mustaquim, 1972; Haig, 1966, 1974; Tirmizi and Siddiqui, 1981, 1982; Tirmizi, et al., 1982, 1989; Hogarth, 1988; Tirmizi and Javed, 1993; and Siddiqui and Kazmi, 2003, however these informations are scattered and fragmentary. In 1983 McLaughlin suppressed the old superfamily Coenobitoidea and combined it with the superfamily Paguroidea and placed all hermit crab families under the superfamily Paguroidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Coenobita Clypeatus in the Terrestrial Hermit Crab Transition
    Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on June 6, 2012 Transition from sea to land: olfactory function and constraints in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus Anna-Sara Krång, Markus Knaden, Kathrin Steck and Bill S. Hansson Proc. R. Soc. B published online 6 June 2012 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0596 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2012/05/30/rspb.2012.0596.DC1.h tml References This article cites 31 articles, 6 of which can be accessed free http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/05/30/rspb.2012.0596.full.ht ml#ref-list-1 P<P Published online 6 June 2012 in advance of the print journal. This article is free to access Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections behaviour (800 articles) evolution (1211 articles) neuroscience (154 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. To subscribe to Proc. R. Soc. B go to: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on June 6, 2012 Proc.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Ecology of the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita Rugosus 31 Nat
    POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB COENOBITA RUGOSUS 31 NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM. SOC. 60(1): 31–51, 2014 POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB COENOBITA RUGOSUS (ANOMURA, COENOBITIDAE) AT CAPE PANWA, PHUKET ISLAND, ANDAMAN COAST OF THAILAND Thanakhom Bundhitwongrut 1,2**, Kumthorn Thirakhupt 2 and Art-ong Pradatsundarasar 2* ABSTRACT The population structure, density, dispersion, sex ratio, diet and reproductive activity of Coenobita rugosus at Cape Panwa, Phuket Island, Andaman Coast of Thailand were investigated from April 2011 to March 2012. Crabs were collected monthly by hand by multiple quadrat sampling. Tendency of unimodality of annual size frequency distributions were observed for males, non-ovigerous females, and ovigerous females. Major chela length was determined quantitatively as a secondary sexual character (larger in males) for the first time in terrestrial hermit crabs. The average density of C. rugosus during the study period was 6.98 ± 0.36 crabs/m2. Dispersion of males and non-ovigerous females of C. rugosus was clumped, whereas ovigerous females were distributed uniformly in most sampling months. The overall sex ratio was male-biased (1:0.86 male:female). Nevertheless, the monthly and size class sex ratios were close to the expected 1:1 ratio. Individuals of C. rugosus were observed to consume 16 plant species, mostly decomposing leaves and flowers, but three species of animal carcasses including one case of cannibalism were noted. Reproduction of C. rugosus occurred throughout the year with the highest percentage of ovigerous females in April and September (31.2% and 31.6%, respectively). The characteristics of C. rugosus living Cape Panwa, Phuket Island are consistent with those of hermit crabs inhabiting other constant tropical environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Development of the Land Hermit Crab Coenobita Compressus H
    JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 21(3): 715–732, 2001 LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB COENOBITA COMPRESSUS H. MILNE EDWARDS REARED IN THE LABORATORY Renae Brodie and Alan W. Harvey (RB) Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949-7303, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (AWH) Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The complete larval development of the land hermit crab Coenobita compressus is described from specimens reared in the laboratory at 26°C. Eighty-eight percent passed through five zoeal stages and 12% passed through four zoeal stages before metamorphosing 21–33 days after hatch- ing. Megalopae left their water dishes as soon as seven days after metamorphosis, buried them- selves in damp sand approximately 29 days after metamorphosis, and emerged as young crabs 1–5 days later. Coenobita compressus zoeae can be distinguished from the other seven described coeno- bitids by the setation of the maxillule and antenna, whereas the megalopa can be distinguished by the segmentation of the second and third maxillipeds. Characters are also given to distinguish C. compressus zoeae from those of sympatric marine hermit crab zoeae. Land hermit crabs (family Coenobitidae) (Reese and Kinzie, 1968). Larval develop- occur throughout the tropics, reaching their ment has also been investigated in C. clypea- highest species diversity on the coastlines, is- tus, the only western Atlantic coenobitid, and lands, and atolls of the Indo-West Pacific C. scaevola (Forskål), the only Red Sea (Hartnoll, 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Click Here to Download
    Interested in European research? RTD info is our quarterly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results, programmes, events, etc.). It is available in English, French and German. A free sample copy or free subscription can be obtained from: Directorate-General for Research Communication Unit European Commission Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200 B-1049 Brussels Fax (32-2) 29-58220 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http:/europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo.html EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research Unit AP.2 - COST Contact: Mrs Marija Skerlj Address: European Commission, rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200 (SDME 1/43), B-1049 Brussels - Tel. (32-2) 29-91599; fax (32-2) 29-65987 European Commission COST Action 99 Research action on food consumption and composition data LanguaL 2000 The LanguaL thesaurus Working Group on food description, terminology and nomenclature Edited by: Anders Møller and Jayne Ireland Directorate-General for Research 2000 EUR 19540 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000 ISBN 92-828-9758-3 © European Communities, 2000 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER LanguaL 2000 THE LANGUAL THESAURUS PREPARED BY ANDERS MØLLER JAYNE IRELAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for so willingly sharing all the information concerning LanguaL and other indexing systems at the FDA.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents List and Indexes for the Atoll Research Bulletin Acknowledgment
    CONTENTS LIST AND INDEXES FOR THE ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution, to provide an outlet for information on the biota of tropical islands and reefs, and on the environment that supports the biota. The Bulletin is supported by the National Museum of Natural History and is produced by the Smithsonian Press. This issue is financed with funds from the Atherton Seidell Endowment. The Bulletin was founded in 1951 and the first 117 numbers were issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Of'fice of Naval Research. Its pages were devoted largely to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. All statements made in papers published in the Atoll Research Bulletin are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor of the editors of'the Bulletin. Articles submitted for publication in the Atoll Research Bulletin should be original papers in ;I format similar to that found in recent issues of the Bulletin. First drafts of manuscripts should be typewritten double spaced. After the manuscript has been reviewed and accepted, the author will be provided with a page format with which to prepare a single-spaced camera-ready copy of the manuscript. EDITORS F. Raymond Fosberg National Museum of Natural History Mark M. Littler Smithsonian Institution Ian G.Macintye Washington, D. C. 20560 Joshua I. Tracey, Jr. David R. Stoddart Department of Geography University of' California Berkeley, CA 94720 Bernard Salvat Laboratoire tle Riologie Rr Ecologie Tropicale et MCditerranCenne Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes Labo.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Growth, Development and Duration in Terrestrial Hermit Crabs
    Vol. 1: 93–107, 2015 SEXUALITY AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published online February 25 doi: 10.3354/sedao00010 Sex Early Dev Aquat Org OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Larval growth, development and duration in terrestrial hermit crabs Katsuyuki Hamasaki1,*, Saori Kato1, Yu Murakami1, Shigeki Dan2, Shuichi Kitada1 1Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan 2Tamano Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Tamano, Okayama 706-0002, Japan ABSTRACT: We investigated patterns of larval growth and development in terrestrial hermit crabs of the family Coenobitidae (genera Coenobita and Birgus). Larvae of 5 species (C. cavipes, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, C. violascens, and B. latro) were cultured individually at ~28°C, and their moulting, growth and developmental duration were analysed in conjunction with published data for coenobitid species (C. brevimanus, C. cavipes, C. clypeatus, C. compressus, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, C. scaevola, C. variabilis, and B. latro). Coenobitid crabs metamorphosed into mega- lopae after 2 to 7 zoeal stages, and intraspecific variability in developmental pathways (number of zoeal stages) was observed in 6 out of 10 species. Interspecific variability in body lengths was large at hatching but reduced in megalopae. Linear growth equations (y = a + bx) between num- ber of moults (x) and body length (y) in the zoeal stages were determined, parameters a
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Hermit Crabs (Anomura: Coenobitidae) As Taphonomic Agents in Circum-Tropical Coastal Sites
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2012 Terrestrial hermit crabs (Anomura: Coenobitidae) as taphonomic agents in circum-tropical coastal sites Katherine Szabo University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Szabo, Katherine: Terrestrial hermit crabs (Anomura: Coenobitidae) as taphonomic agents in circum- tropical coastal sites 2012, 931-941. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/4604 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Terrestrial hermit crabs (Anomura: Coenobitidae) as taphonomic agents in circum-tropical coastal sites Abstract Hermit crabs are ever alert for more suitable shells to inhabit, but what this may mean for coastal shell middens has rarely been considered. Here, the impact of the most landward-based of hermit crab families, the tropical Coenobitidae, upon archaeological shell-bearing deposits is assessed using a case study: the Neolithic Ugaga site from Fiji. At Ugaga, hermit crabs were found to have removed the majority of shells from the midden and had deposited their old, worn shells in return. The behavioural ecology of genus Coenobita suggests a mutualistic interaction whereby humans make available shell and food resources to hermit crabs, which in turn provide a site cleaning service by consuming human and domestic waste. Diagnostic indicators of terrestrial hermit crab wear patterns on gastropod shells are outlined and the conditions under which extensive ‘hermitting’ of shell midden deposits may occur are investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Fauna Use in Ceramic Age Antigua Patterns of Marine Fauna Use in Ceramic Age Antigua, West Indies
    MARINE FAUNA USE IN CERAMIC AGE ANTIGUA PATTERNS OF MARINE FAUNA USE IN CERAMIC AGE ANTIGUA, WEST INDIES By Christine Cluney A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Anthropology McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario © March, 2005 11 MASTER OF ARTS (2005) McMaster University (Anthropology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Patterns of Marine Fauna Use in Ceramic Age Antigua, West Indies AUTHOR: Christine Cluney, B.Sc. (University of Calgary) SUPERVISOR: Professor Aubrey Cannon NUMBER OF PAGES: xi,161 111 ABSTRACT Detailed analysis of marine faunal remains was conducted at an early Saladoid (Ceramic Age) coastal site, located on the island of Antigua, West Indies. Previous subsistence models in the Caribbean are closely linked to theories of migration and culture change. I discuss the economic importance of marine fauna at P A -15 (Doig' s) in order to understand the factors underlying variation in the faunal assemblage. The results of the faunal analysis indicate that subsistence strategies of Ceramic Age Antiguans are complex, and that subsistence models are currently too simplistic to be used to describe broad historical trends. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to give thanks to everyone who contributed to the analysis, research and support of this thesis project. First, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Aubrey Cannon for his guidance, helpful advice, and insightful comments. I would also like to thank the members of my thesis committee, Dr. Andrew Martindale and Dr. Laura Finsten, for their assistance and support. Great thanks to those who made my time in Antigua memorable and worthwhile: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hermit Crab COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Antenna Cheliped Eye Shell Antennae
    05_793795 ch01.qxp3/16/066:50PMPage12 The Hermit Crab COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Antenna Cheliped Eye Shell Antennae Eye Walking Legs Carapace Carapace Walking Legs Cheliped Fifth Leg Abdomen 05_793795 ch01.qxp 3/16/06 6:50 PM Page 13 Chapter 1 What Is a Hermit Crab? early everyone knows what a hermit crab Nlooks like. These charming creatures have been known by humans for centuries. Famous for their ability to inhabit the abandoned shells of other sea creatures, hermit crabs carry their homes around on their backs while prowling seashores and tide pools looking for morsels to eat. Wild hermit crabs have long been the subject of documentaries and cartoons, and are among the most beloved of all sea creatures. Hermit crabs are not only fascinating as a species, they also make wonderful pets. Fun to watch and easy to care for, they are the first pet of choice for many children. They have also won the hearts of adults the world over. Scientifically Speaking Hermit crabs are members of the Arthropoda phylum, which means they are related to spiders, insects, and lobsters. But unlike these other arthropods, her- mit crabs are crustaceans and therefore have two sets of antennae instead of one. All arthropods have segmented bodies and jointed legs. Their bodies consist of a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. Hermit crabs also have four antennae, two eyes, a large left claw, and a small right claw. In addition to the claws, a total of eight jointed legs can be found on the hermit crab, four on each side of the body.
    [Show full text]