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The Buddha and His Religion QJorttgU Ittittetaitg ffiibtara CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF» CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 19t8 ""'""""' ^""'"' BL 1451.B28" ^ VS, „,?,H,?!1'1',3, ..SP.?! ...his religion / 3 1924 023 024 783 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023024783 ; 5 A CLASSIFIED LIST OF SIR JOHN LUBBOCK'S HUNDRED BOOKS. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO PRICES. Price 15s. Price 3s. 6d. ea.ch—continued. 86 Humboldt's Travels. 3 vols. 10 The Pickwick Papers By Charles Dickens Price lOs. 6d. 11 The Shi King. Translated from the Chinese by 71 Hume's History of England. William Jennings, M.A. 3 vols. 12 Pope's Homer's Iliad and Price 8s. 6d. 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Henry Cary, M.A. 36 Sheridan's Plays 42 Carlyle's Past and Present SIR JOHN LUBBOCK'S HUNDRED BOOKS 94 THE BUDDHA , AND HIS RELIGION ^^^^J^/rj\rc<^<^x^ 7 offers HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY SIR JOHN LUBBOCK'S HUNDRED BOOKS 94 THE BUDDHA AND HIS RELIGION J. BARTHELEMY SAINT-HILAIRE MEMBER OF THE INSTITUT (ACADEMY OF MORAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES) TRANSLATED BY LAURA ENSOR LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, Limited BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL MANCHESTER AND NEW YORK V- (J 189s K K' i-. I3LI+5"' VJ \^M 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. THE AUTHENTICITY OF BUDDHISM. PAGE Purpose of this work : the knowledge of Buddhism- enables us to judge some of our contemporary systems. General view of the Buddhist doctrine ; the absence of God and belief in annihilation. Authenticity of Buddhism. The works of Hodgson, Csoma of Koros, Tumour, Burnouf, and Remusat. Original Sanskrit and Pali writings. Tibetan, Mongolian, Chinese, Burmese, and Siamese translations. Piyadasi's inscriptions. Evidence of the Greek his- torians of Alexander's expedition, &c. Division of the work . 1 PART I. THE ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM. CHAPTER I. Birth of the Buddha ; his education ; his marriage; he chooses his wife Gopa. The Buddha's meditations ; his vocation encouraged by the gods ; the four visions ; the young prince's determination ; resistance of his father and family ; he flies from Kapilavastu. His studies at Vaisali and Rajagriha ; his five companions ; he renounces the world. His retreat of six years at Uruvela ; his austerities and ecstasies ; the attainment of Buddhahood ; Bodhimanda and Bodhi- druma ; Vajrasanam. The Buddha leaves his retreat ; he goes to ' Benares to turn the Wheel of the Law ' ; his teachings ; his sojourn in Magadha and in Kosala; Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Prasenajit, Anatha Pindika. The Buddha's interview with his father ; -his dis- ; his sensions with the Brahmans triumph ; popular enthusiasm. Death of the Buddha at eighty years of age, at Kusi-nagara . .31 ;: 8 CONTENTS CHAPTER II. PAGE The Legend of the Btiddha. Analysis of the Lalita-vistdra. investigations the Prologue in the Tushita heaven. The four ; , Buddha's address; his departure and incarnation in Maya-Devi's his womb. The gods pay homage. Birth of the Buddha ; seven steps. The Brahman Asita's prophecy. The Buddha victoriously resists the attacks and temptations of Mara, god of love, sin, and death. Analysis of the Lotus of the Good Law. The Buddha's sermons. Parables : the children in the burning house ; the blind man recovering sight. Vision of the Prabhutaratna Stupa. The Buddha's prophecies. Effects of the supernatural powers of the Tathagata. Explanation of the Buddha's different names . 69 CHAPTER III. General character of Buddhist ethics derived from the canonical writings of the Councils. The Three Basketfnls, and the Three Pearls ; the Four Noble Truths ; the Ten Precepts ; the Twelve Observances specially applicable to monks, on clothing, food, and residence ; the six transcendent Virtues, and the secondary Virtues confession, family duties, preaching. Influence of Buddhist ethics on individuals and governments. The Buddha's ideal. Piima, Kunala, Vasavadatta, and Upagupta. The kings Bimbisara, Aja- tasatiTi, and Asoka. Piyadasi's Edicts, spread all over India. Journeys of Chinese pilgrims in the fifth and seventh century of the Christian era ; Fa-Hian and Hiouen-Thsang . -95 CHAPTER IV. Metaphysics of Buddhism, or Abhldharma. Transmigration ; its unlimited compass from man to inert matter. Obscurity of the Buddhist doctrine on the origin of transmigration. Explanation of human destiny by the Connecting Chain of the twelve reciprocal Causes. Theory of Nirvana, or Eternal Salvation by annihilation. 1^ T The Dhyana . ." 129 CHAPTER V. Critical study of Buddhism. Its merits : practical tendency, con- tempt of wealth, charity, sentiment of equality, meekness, austerity, resignation, horror of falsehood, respect for family ties. Its faults social impotence, egotism, no idea of duty, ignorance of justice and liberty, scepticism, incurable despair, error as regards life and' human personality, atheism. General condemnation of Buddhism. Opinions of Bayle and Voltaire on the atheism of China . .146 ;; CONTENTS PART II. BUDDHISM IN INDIA IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. CHAPTER I. PAGE Life of Hiouen-Thsang. The importance of his travels in India his monastic education in China; his vocation as a missionary; his departure ; first trials. The king of the Oigurs ; the Turkish Khan. Hiouen-Thsang's arrival in India ; his superstitious piety ; exploration on the banks of the Ganges ; five years sojourn in Magadha and the convent of Nalanda; travels throughout the peninsula ; return to Nalanda ; Siladitya ; contest of the Master of the Law against the Little Vehicle. His retreat ; translation of the sacred Buddhist books ; death of Hiouen-Thsang ; his character 1 80 CHAPTER II. Memoirs of Hiouen-Thsang. Sources from which the Si-yu-H is derived. History in India and China. Descriptive method of Hiouen-Thsang. His general views on India ; his itinerary in Magadha ; a page from his Memoirs on the convent of Nalanda. ^ Testimony of Hiouen-Thsang as to the Buddha, the Nirvana, the v^r Councils, and the kings of his day. Hiouen-Thsang at the Court of Siladitya, King of Kanyakubja and part of Central India.
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