Concise Guide to Hematology Dr
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Concise Guide to Hematology Dr. Schmaier dedicates this book to his life partner Linda and to Alec and Lauren who are contributing to the next generation of physicians. Dr. Lazarus dedicates this book to his loving wife Joan and sons Jeffrey and Adam and spouses Jana and Sarah for their unwavering support. Concise Guide to Hematology EDITED BY Alvin H. Schmaier MD Robert W. Kellermeyer Professor of Hematology/Oncology Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA Hillard M. Lazarus MD, FACP Professor of Medicine Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2012 © 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. 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The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifi cations, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Concise guide to hematology / edited by Alvin H. Schmaier, Hillard M. Lazarus. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-9666-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-9666-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Blood–Diseases. 2. Hematology. I. Schmaier, Alvin H. II. Lazarus, Hillard M. [DNLM: 1. Hematologic Diseases. 2. Hematopoiesis. 3. Neoplasms, Plasma Cell. WS 39] RC633.C66 2011 616.1′5–dc23 2011015323 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444345223; Wiley Online Library 9781444345254; ePub 9781444345230; Mobi 9781444345247 Set in 9.5/12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2012 Contents List of Contributors, ix Preface, xii 1 Introduction to Hematology, 1 Alvin H. Schmaier 2 Hematopoiesis, 6 Yuan Lin and Stanton L. Gerson 3 Red Blood Cell Biochemistry and Physiology, 16 Kevin T. McDonagh 4 Anemia: Clinical Approach, 24 Peter W. Marks 5 Iron Defi ciency, 35 Alice Ma 6 Vitamin-B12 (Cobalamin) and Folate Defi ciency, 44 As´ok C. Antony 7 Congenital Hemolytic Anemias, 62 Archana M. Agarwal and Josef T. Prchal 8 Acquired Hemolytic Anemias, 75 Scott D. Gitlin 9 Overview of Hemostasis, 91 Alvin H. Schmaier 10 Approach to the Bleeding Patient, 103 Alvin H. Schmaier v vi Contents 11 Congenital Bleeding Disorders, 112 Anjali A. Sharathkumar and Steven W. Pipe 12 Acquired Bleeding Disorders, 131 Howard A. Liebman 13 Platelet Function in Hemostasis and Inherited Disorders of Platelet Number and Function, 140 A. Koneti Rao and David W. Essex 14 Acquired Thrombocytopenia, 154 Theodore E. Warkentin and Andrew E. Warkentin 15 Thrombosis and Anticoagulation, 174 Alvin H. Schmaier 16 Myeloid Cell Physiology and Disorders, 184 Alvin H. Schmaier, Lilli M. Petruzzelli, Niels Borregaard and Laurence A. Boxer 17 Bone Marrow Structure and Diagnostic Testing, 197 Howard J. Meyerson and Hillard M. Lazarus 18 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, 220 Gabriela Motyckova and Richard M. Stone 19 Acute Leukemia, 235 Tsila Zuckerman and Jacob M. Rowe 20 Classifi cation of Lymphoma, 251 Yi-Hua Chen and Amy Chadburn 21 Clinical Evaluation and Management of Lymphoma, 268 Makiko Ban-Hoefen, Jonathan W. Friedberg and Richard I. Fisher 22 Plasma Cell Disorders, 287 Sumit Madan and Philip R. Greipp 23 Pediatric Hematology, 307 Sanjay P. Ahuja 24 Blood Banking, 319 Lawrence Tim Goodnough 25 Transfusion Therapy, 332 Beth H. Shaz and Christopher D. Hillyer Contents vii 26 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 344 Hillard M. Lazarus 27 Atlas of Hematology Slides, 363 Alvin H. Schmaier Index, 389 Contributors Archana M. Agarwal MD Amy Chadburn MD Assistant Professor, Pathology Professor of Pathology University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories Division of Hematopathology Salt Lake City, UT, USA Department of Pathology Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine MD, MS Sanjay P. Ahuja Chicago, IL, USA Assistant Professor, Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology Director, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center Yi - Hua Chen MD Rainbow Babies and Children ’ s Hospital Assistant Professor of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Division of Hematopathology Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Pathology Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine MD, FACP A s´ ok C. Antony Chicago, IL, USA Professor of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA David W. Essex MD Associate Professor of Medicine Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and MD Makiko Ban- Hoefen Division of Hematology Hematology/Oncology Fellow Temple University School of Medicine James P. Wilmot Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA, USA University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY, USA Richard I. Fisher MD Director, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center MD, PhD Niels Borregaard Samuel E. Durand Chair in Medicine Professor of Hematology and Internal Medicine Professor of Medicine University of Copenhagen; University of Rochester Medical Center Department of Hematology Rochester, NY, USA Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark Jonathan W. Friedberg MD, MMSc Professor of Medicine and Oncology Laurence A. Boxer MD Chief, Hematology Oncology Division Henry and Mala Dorfman Family Professor of James P. Wilmot Cancer Center Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University of Rochester Medical Center Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Rochester, NY, USA Diseases University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ix x Contributors Stanton L. Gerson MD Yuan Lin PhD Director, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Hematology and Oncology Director, Seidman Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University Asa and Patricia Shiverik Professor of University Hospitals Case Medical Center Hematology and Oncology Seidman Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, OH, USA Alice Ma MD Associate Professor of Medicine Scott D. Gitlin MD, FACP Department of Medicine Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Division of Hematology/Oncology University of North Carolina University of Michigan Chapel Hill, NC, USA Ann Arbor VA Health System Ann Arbor, MI, USA Sumit Madan MD Research Fellow Lawrence