Collaborative Science – It makes a difference
Eastern Bearded-dragon (Pogona barbata) – Toowoomba, Australia © Arthur D. Chapman
Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman The data equation Oceans of Data Rivers of Information
Praia de Forte, Brazil Doubtful Sound, New Zealand Streams of Drops of Knowledge Understanding
Collaboration makes a difference Wasatch, Utah, USA SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman(Nix 1984) Taking data to information
Species Species Environmental Data Data Data
Crab Florianopolis, Armeria maritima Information Temp Brazil Bocas Frog Argentina RangeRain Panama Ja
Decisions Policy Conservation Management
Models GIS Decision Data Support
Information
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Speeding up the Science
After 260 years of Scientific Endeavour – only ~17% World’s biota is described* = (at present rate) another 1,500 years
Step-wise science versus collaborative science
achievement
achievement
time time *Chapman, A.D. (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, ed.2 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Distributed studies using Mexican birds
From Beach 2003 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Standards
ABRS ABIS (1979) HISPID (1989)
TDWG (http://www.tdwg.org) Several early Standards DELTA (1986) HISPID (1996) Darwin Core (Draft 2003) DiGIR (2003) TAPIR ABCD (2005 ) TAPIR SDD (2005) Darwin Core (2009) TAPIR (2009) OGC Applicability Statement (2009) LSID Applicability Statement (2011)
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Publishing Process
• Specimens • Existing names (Search Literature) • Descriptions (Search Literature) • Loans • Sorting • Identifying • Describing • Illustrating • Manuscript • Monograph • Flora/Fauna • On-line versions
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names
Traditionally – finding names has been a difficult and time consuming process. In 1970s processes began at both at the National level (especially in Australia) and then Internationally to compile comprehensive lists of names
National Collaborations Australian Plant Names Index Zoological Catalogue of Australia Australian Plant Census
International Collaborations Species 2000 ITIS Catalogue of Life IPNI ECat (GBIF) GNA
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Data From INBIO, Costa Rica
Traditionally – specimen data Museums Herbaria
Value-adding Digitization Geo-referencing Data Quality
New Data New collections (especially marine) Observations (Including Citizen Science) Images (Including Citizen Science) Bar-Coding Molecular etc.
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Literature
Traditional Journals Books
Access to literature Libraries Inter Library Loans Biodiversity Heritage Library
Electronic Publishing Journals Botanical Code (2012) Richer content (database links, video, sound) Integration
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Informatics
The Beginnings 1989 – ERIN established in Australia 1991 – TDWG meeting in Xalapa, Mexico 1993 – Meeting at ERIN in Australia Organised by Dan Janzen and Arthur Chapman 1994 – World Wide Web 1994 - Bin21 ERIN (Australia) CoNABIO (Mexico) InBio (Costa Rica) BDT (later CRIA) (Brazil) Others (Finland) 1995 – CBD Clearing House Mechanism 1999 – OECD Megascience Forum 2001 – GBIF
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• 1999 OECD Megascience Forum • 2001 GBIF Established • Publishing data (over 300 million records) • Training new Scientists • Improving quality • Links to other organisations (EOL, GeoBON etc.)
From GBIF Annual Report 2011
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Connecting Content
Users
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Encyclopedia of Life
http://www.eol.org Global Access to Knowledge about Earth
Can personalise with collections
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Heritage Library
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/
55,243 titles 104,942 volumes Books and Journals 38,604,757 pages Images Tagged using Citizen Scientists Machine readable
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Flickr
• Photo Sharing Site • Documentation • Free (Pro $20/year) • Easy to use • Create Sets • Join Groups • Variable Licensing • Georeferencing • Tagging
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman EOL Flickr Group
• 130,000 images • Creative Commons licencing • Machine Tags • Identification – Sites – Comments
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Citizen Science
Can play an important role – Gathering data – Digitizing – Publishing
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman VertNet http://vertnet.org
• MaNIS – Mammal Network • HerpNET – Herps • ORNIS – Birds • FishNet - Fish
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Map for Life
http://www.mappinglife.org/ • Using CartoDB • Modelling • Cloud computing
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman OBIS http://iobis.org
OBIS allows users to search marine species datasets from all areas of the world’s oceans
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Crop Wild Relatives Portal
The Crop Wild Relatives Portal allows users to access information on Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) and useful data resources for the conservation and utilization of these important genetic resources.
It like many of the previous projects uses tools developed by TDWG such as Darwin Core and TAPIR to integrate data from diverse resources and countries – many of which are not GBIF members.
http://www.cropwildrelatives.org/
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Atlas of Living Australia
The Atlas of Living Australia Participants Australian Government: $38.2M (2006-2012)
ALA partner in-kind contributions: $26.5M
Mission To develop an authoritative, freely accessible, distributed and federated The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Heads of Australasian Faunal Collections (CHAFC) Collections of Microorganisms (CHACM) The Atlas is fundedbiodiversity by the Australian Government under the The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Australasian Museum data Entomological Collections (CHAEC) Directors (CAMD) National Collaborative Research Infrastructure managementStrategy and further supportedsystem by the Super Science Initiative of the Slides from Education Investment Fund Donald Hobern
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Delivery plan
Australian National Data Dissemination Geospatial Data Species Lists Management Biodiversity Citizen Pest Conservation Web Services Information Science Information Portal and User Explorer Portal Portal Regional Interfaces Atlas
Completed Data Integration National User Quality Checklists Ontologies Metadata Authentication Annotation Control and (AFD, APC, and etc.) Repository and Identity Services Sensitive Vocabularies GIS Tools Management Data Tools
Legislative and Thematic Rich Data Stores Lists
Descriptive Digital Species Images Sequences Directory of Data Literature Interactions (MorphBank) (BOLD) Environmental (IdentifyLife) (BHL) Layers Directory of Taxonomic Expertise Collection Data Management
Integrated Data Sets Community Digitisation Database Geospatial Editing and Field Capture Accession AVH APPD and Imaging Integration Data Cache Workflow of Metadata Processing Support Wrappers OZCAM AMRiN Tools OBIS
ALA Project Office
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman National species lists
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species occurrence data
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Images
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Literature
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species pages
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Images
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Volunteer involvement
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Information Publishing
Tools are important component Linking tools GUIDS (LSIDs) Modelling Tools Maxent, BIOCLIM, GARP, Marxan etc. Publishing Tools E-publishing, multimedia, etc. Database and mapping tools CartoDB Google Fusion Tables Decision Support Tools
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic Floras
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic keys
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Agriculture – wild relatives of crop plants
The biologically rich countries of Armenia, Bolivia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan, are aiming to improve key features of traditional crops ranging from their economic and nutritional value to their ability to naturally fight disease.
Wild peanuts in Bolivia have already made substantial contributions of disease resistance to cultivated varieties IPGRI-GEF Project 2006-2012 Three different wild peanuts have been used to breed commercial varieties resistant to root knot nematodes. It is helping to save peanut growers around the world an estimated $100 million a year.
A wild relative of wheat, Triticum turgidum var dicoccoides, from Armenia was used to increase the protein content of bread and durum wheat.
Armenia’s Erebuni Reserve is one of the few reserves in the world deliberately established to conserve the wild Collaboration makes a differenceliving relatives of a keySABIN crop, Forum in this case wild wheats.13 June 2012. Arthur D. Chapman Quarantine and biosecurity Accurate identification of pests and diseases is important for border security, quarantine and biosecurity. From http://www.padil.gov.au/
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools
Australian Environmental Decision Support System
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools
Threatened Species Report
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman So why are Collaborations Important to Biodiversity?
• After 260 years of Scientific Endeavour and Taxonomy - only ~17% World’s biota is described* = (at present rate) another 1,500 years
• Dwindling taxonomic and scientific base
• Collaboration can speed up our science
• Citizens can make an enormous contribution to speeding up our science
• Can free up scientists up to do less mundane and more real science!
• Help bridge the tyranny of scale (Geographic, Temporal, Data)
*Chapman, A.D. (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, ed.2 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Thank you For Your attention
Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman