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Collaborative Science – It Makes a Difference Australian Biodiversity

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Collaborative Science – It Makes a Difference Australian Biodiversity Collaborative Science – It makes a difference Eastern Bearded-dragon (Pogona barbata) – Toowoomba, Australia © Arthur D. Chapman Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman The data equation Oceans of Data Rivers of Information Praia de Forte, Brazil Doubtful Sound, New Zealand Streams of Drops of Knowledge Understanding Collaboration makes a difference Wasatch, Utah, USA SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman(Nix 1984) Taking data to information Species Species Environmental Data Data Data Crab Florianopolis, Armeria maritima Information Temp Brazil Bocas Frog Argentina RangeRain Panama Ja Decisions Policy Conservation Management Models GIS Decision Data Support Information Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Speeding up the Science After 260 years of Scientific Endeavour – only ~17% World’s biota is described* = (at present rate) another 1,500 years Step-wise science versus collaborative science achievement achievement time time *Chapman, A.D. (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, ed.2 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Distributed studies using Mexican birds From Beach 2003 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Standards ABRS ABIS (1979) HISPID (1989) TDWG (http://www.tdwg.org) Several early Standards DELTA (1986) HISPID (1996) Darwin Core (Draft 2003) DiGIR (2003) TAPIR ABCD (2005 ) TAPIR SDD (2005) Darwin Core (2009) TAPIR (2009) OGC Applicability Statement (2009) LSID Applicability Statement (2011) Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Publishing Process • Specimens • Existing names (Search Literature) • Descriptions (Search Literature) • Loans • Sorting • Identifying • Describing • Illustrating • Manuscript • Monograph • Flora/Fauna • On-line versions Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names Traditionally – finding names has been a difficult and time consuming process. In 1970s processes began at both at the National level (especially in Australia) and then Internationally to compile comprehensive lists of names National Collaborations Australian Plant Names Index Zoological Catalogue of Australia Australian Plant Census International Collaborations Species 2000 ITIS Catalogue of Life IPNI ECat (GBIF) GNA Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Data From INBIO, Costa Rica Traditionally – specimen data Museums Herbaria Value-adding Digitization Geo-referencing Data Quality New Data New collections (especially marine) Observations (Including Citizen Science) Images (Including Citizen Science) Bar-Coding Molecular etc. Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Literature Traditional Journals Books Access to literature Libraries Inter Library Loans Biodiversity Heritage Library Electronic Publishing Journals Botanical Code (2012) Richer content (database links, video, sound) Integration Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Informatics The Beginnings 1989 – ERIN established in Australia 1991 – TDWG meeting in Xalapa, Mexico 1993 – Meeting at ERIN in Australia Organised by Dan Janzen and Arthur Chapman 1994 – World Wide Web 1994 - Bin21 ERIN (Australia) CoNABIO (Mexico) InBio (Costa Rica) BDT (later CRIA) (Brazil) Others (Finland) 1995 – CBD Clearing House Mechanism 1999 – OECD Megascience Forum 2001 – GBIF Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Global Biodiversity Information Facility • 1999 OECD Megascience Forum • 2001 GBIF Established • Publishing data (over 300 million records) • Training new Scientists • Improving quality • Links to other organisations (EOL, GeoBON etc.) From GBIF Annual Report 2011 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Connecting Content Users Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Encyclopedia of Life http://www.eol.org Global Access to Knowledge about Earth Can personalise with collections Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Heritage Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ 55,243 titles 104,942 volumes Books and Journals 38,604,757 pages Images Tagged using Citizen Scientists Machine readable Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Flickr • Photo Sharing Site • Documentation • Free (Pro $20/year) • Easy to use • Create Sets • Join Groups • Variable Licensing • Georeferencing • Tagging Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman EOL Flickr Group • 130,000 images • Creative Commons licencing • Machine Tags • Identification – Sites – Comments Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Citizen Science Can play an important role – Gathering data – Digitizing – Publishing Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman VertNet http://vertnet.org • MaNIS – Mammal Network • HerpNET – Herps • ORNIS – Birds • FishNet - Fish Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Map for Life http://www.mappinglife.org/ • Using CartoDB • Modelling • Cloud computing Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman OBIS http://iobis.org OBIS allows users to search marine species datasets from all areas of the world’s oceans Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Crop Wild Relatives Portal The Crop Wild Relatives Portal allows users to access information on Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) and useful data resources for the conservation and utilization of these important genetic resources. It like many of the previous projects uses tools developed by TDWG such as Darwin Core and TAPIR to integrate data from diverse resources and countries – many of which are not GBIF members. http://www.cropwildrelatives.org/ Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Atlas of Living Australia The Atlas of Living Australia Participants Australian Government: $38.2M (2006-2012) ALA partner in-kind contributions: $26.5M Mission To develop an authoritative, freely accessible, distributed and federated The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Heads of Australasian Faunal Collections (CHAFC) Collections of Microorganisms (CHACM) The Atlas is fundedbiodiversity by the Australian Government under the The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Australasian Museum data Entomological Collections (CHAEC) Directors (CAMD) National Collaborative Research Infrastructure managementStrategy and further supportedsystem by the Super Science Initiative of the Slides from Education Investment Fund Donald Hobern Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Delivery plan Australian National Data Dissemination Geospatial Data Species Lists Management Biodiversity Citizen Pest Conservation Web Services Information Science Information Portal and User Explorer Portal Portal Regional Interfaces Atlas Completed Data Integration National User Quality Checklists Ontologies Metadata Authentication Annotation Control and (AFD, APC, and etc.) Repository and Identity Services Sensitive Vocabularies GIS Tools Management Data Tools Legislative and Thematic Rich Data Stores Lists Descriptive Digital Species Images Sequences Directory of Data Literature Interactions (MorphBank) (BOLD) Environmental (IdentifyLife) (BHL) Layers Directory of Taxonomic Expertise Collection Data Management Integrated Data Sets Community Digitisation Database Geospatial Editing and Field Capture Accession AVH APPD and Imaging Integration Data Cache Workflow of Metadata Processing Support Wrappers OZCAM AMRiN Tools OBIS ALA Project Office Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman National species lists Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species occurrence data Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Images Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Literature Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species pages Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Images Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Volunteer involvement Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Information Publishing Tools are important component Linking tools GUIDS (LSIDs) Modelling Tools Maxent, BIOCLIM, GARP, Marxan etc. Publishing Tools E-publishing, multimedia, etc. Database and mapping tools CartoDB Google Fusion Tables Decision Support Tools Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic Floras Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic keys Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Agriculture – wild relatives of crop plants The biologically rich countries of Armenia, Bolivia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan, are aiming to improve key features of traditional crops ranging from their economic and nutritional value to their ability
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