Collaborative Science – It makes a difference

Eastern Bearded-dragon (Pogona barbata) – Toowoomba, Australia © Arthur D. Chapman

Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman The data equation Oceans of Data Rivers of Information

Praia de Forte, Brazil Doubtful Sound, New Zealand Streams of Drops of Knowledge Understanding

Collaboration makes a difference Wasatch, Utah, USA SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman(Nix 1984) Taking data to information

Species Environmental Data Data Data

Crab Florianopolis, Armeria maritima Information Temp Brazil Bocas Frog Argentina RangeRain Panama Ja

Decisions Policy Conservation Management

Models GIS Decision Data Support

Information

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Speeding up the Science

After 260 years of Scientific Endeavour – only ~17% World’s biota is described* = (at present rate) another 1,500 years

Step-wise science versus collaborative science

achievement

achievement

time time *Chapman, A.D. (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, ed.2 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Distributed studies using Mexican birds

From Beach 2003 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Standards

ABRS ABIS (1979) HISPID (1989)

TDWG (http://www.tdwg.org) Several early Standards DELTA (1986) HISPID (1996) Darwin Core (Draft 2003) DiGIR (2003)  TAPIR ABCD (2005 )  TAPIR SDD (2005) Darwin Core (2009) TAPIR (2009) OGC Applicability Statement (2009) LSID Applicability Statement (2011)

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Publishing Process

• Specimens • Existing names (Search Literature) • Descriptions (Search Literature) • Loans • Sorting • Identifying • Describing • Illustrating • Manuscript • Monograph • Flora/Fauna • On-line versions

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names

Traditionally – finding names has been a difficult and time consuming process. In 1970s processes began at both at the National level (especially in Australia) and then Internationally to compile comprehensive lists of names

National Collaborations Australian Names Index Zoological Catalogue of Australia Australian Plant Census

International Collaborations Species 2000 ITIS Catalogue of Life IPNI ECat (GBIF) GNA

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Data From INBIO, Costa Rica

Traditionally – specimen data Museums Herbaria

Value-adding Digitization Geo-referencing Data Quality

New Data New collections (especially marine) Observations (Including Citizen Science) Images (Including Citizen Science) Bar-Coding Molecular etc.

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Literature

Traditional Journals Books

Access to literature Libraries Inter Library Loans Biodiversity Heritage Library

Electronic Publishing Journals Botanical Code (2012) Richer content (database links, video, sound) Integration

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Informatics

The Beginnings 1989 – ERIN established in Australia 1991 – TDWG meeting in Xalapa, Mexico 1993 – Meeting at ERIN in Australia Organised by Dan Janzen and Arthur Chapman 1994 – World Wide Web 1994 - Bin21 ERIN (Australia) CoNABIO (Mexico) InBio (Costa Rica) BDT (later CRIA) (Brazil) Others (Finland) 1995 – CBD Clearing House Mechanism 1999 – OECD Megascience Forum 2001 – GBIF

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Global Biodiversity Information Facility

• 1999 OECD Megascience Forum • 2001 GBIF Established • Publishing data (over 300 million records) • Training new Scientists • Improving quality • Links to other organisations (EOL, GeoBON etc.)

From GBIF Annual Report 2011

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Connecting Content

Users

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Encyclopedia of Life

http://www.eol.org Global Access to Knowledge about Earth

Can personalise with collections

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Biodiversity Heritage Library

http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/

55,243 titles 104,942 volumes Books and Journals 38,604,757 pages Images Tagged using Citizen Scientists Machine readable

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Flickr

• Photo Sharing Site • Documentation • Free (Pro $20/year) • Easy to use • Create Sets • Join Groups • Variable Licensing • Georeferencing • Tagging

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman EOL Flickr Group

• 130,000 images • Creative Commons licencing • Machine Tags • Identification – Sites – Comments

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Citizen Science

Can play an important role – Gathering data – Digitizing – Publishing

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman VertNet http://vertnet.org

• MaNIS – Mammal Network • HerpNET – Herps • ORNIS – Birds • FishNet - Fish

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Map for Life

http://www.mappinglife.org/ • Using CartoDB • Modelling • Cloud computing

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman OBIS http://iobis.org

OBIS allows users to search marine species datasets from all areas of the world’s oceans

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Crop Wild Relatives Portal

The Crop Wild Relatives Portal allows users to access information on Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) and useful data resources for the conservation and utilization of these important genetic resources.

It like many of the previous projects uses tools developed by TDWG such as Darwin Core and TAPIR to integrate data from diverse resources and countries – many of which are not GBIF members.

http://www.cropwildrelatives.org/

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Atlas of Living Australia

The Atlas of Living Australia Participants Australian Government: $38.2M (2006-2012)

ALA partner in-kind contributions: $26.5M

Mission To develop an authoritative, freely accessible, distributed and federated The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Heads of Australasian Faunal Collections (CHAFC) Collections of Microorganisms (CHACM) The Atlas is fundedbiodiversity by the Australian Government under the The Council of Heads of Australian The Council of Australasian Museum data Entomological Collections (CHAEC) Directors (CAMD) National Collaborative Research Infrastructure managementStrategy and further supportedsystem by the Super Science Initiative of the Slides from Education Investment Fund Donald Hobern

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Delivery plan

Australian National Data Dissemination Geospatial Data Species Lists Management Biodiversity Citizen Pest Conservation Web Services Information Science Information Portal and User Explorer Portal Portal Regional Interfaces Atlas

Completed Data Integration National User Quality Checklists Ontologies Metadata Authentication Annotation Control and (AFD, APC, and etc.) Repository and Identity Services Sensitive Vocabularies GIS Tools Management Data Tools

Legislative and Thematic Rich Data Stores Lists

Descriptive Digital Species Images Sequences Directory of Data Literature Interactions (MorphBank) (BOLD) Environmental (IdentifyLife) (BHL) Layers Directory of Taxonomic Expertise Collection Data Management

Integrated Data Sets Community Digitisation Database Geospatial Editing and Field Capture Accession AVH APPD and Imaging Integration Data Cache Workflow of Metadata Processing Support Wrappers OZCAM AMRiN Tools OBIS

ALA Project Office

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman National species lists

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species occurrence data

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Images

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Rich Data: Literature

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Species pages

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Names

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Images

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Volunteer involvement

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Information Publishing

Tools are important component Linking tools GUIDS (LSIDs) Modelling Tools Maxent, BIOCLIM, GARP, Marxan etc. Publishing Tools E-publishing, multimedia, etc. Database and mapping tools CartoDB Google Fusion Tables Decision Support Tools

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic Floras

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Electronic keys

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Agriculture – wild relatives of crop

The biologically rich countries of Armenia, Bolivia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan, are aiming to improve key features of traditional crops ranging from their economic and nutritional value to their ability to naturally fight disease.

Wild peanuts in Bolivia have already made substantial contributions of disease resistance to cultivated varieties IPGRI-GEF Project 2006-2012 Three different wild peanuts have been used to breed commercial varieties resistant to root knot nematodes. It is helping to save peanut growers around the world an estimated $100 million a year.

A wild relative of wheat, Triticum turgidum var dicoccoides, from Armenia was used to increase the protein content of bread and durum wheat.

Armenia’s Erebuni Reserve is one of the few reserves in the world deliberately established to conserve the wild Collaboration makes a differenceliving relatives of a keySABIN crop, Forum in this case wild wheats.13 June 2012. Arthur D. Chapman Quarantine and biosecurity Accurate identification of pests and diseases is important for border security, quarantine and biosecurity. From http://www.padil.gov.au/

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools

Australian Environmental Decision Support System

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Decision Support Tools

Threatened Species Report

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman So why are Collaborations Important to Biodiversity?

• After 260 years of Scientific Endeavour and - only ~17% World’s biota is described* = (at present rate) another 1,500 years

• Dwindling taxonomic and scientific base

• Collaboration can speed up our science

• Citizens can make an enormous contribution to speeding up our science

• Can free up scientists up to do less mundane and more real science!

• Help bridge the tyranny of scale (Geographic, Temporal, Data)

*Chapman, A.D. (2009) Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, ed.2 Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman Thank you For Your attention

Collaboration makes a difference SABIN Forum 13 June 2012 Arthur D. Chapman