3520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 HOUSE OR REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, March 8, 1988 The House met at 12 noon. certain drivers of motor vehicles and motor a weekly subsistence stipend, the pro The Chaplain, Rev. James David carriers; gram will allow the lump sum pay Ford, D.D., offered the following S. 1630. An act to provide for retirement ment of benefits to people wishing to and survivors' annuities for bankruptcy prayer: judges and magistrates, and for other pur start a small business. In effect, en Deliver us, 0 God, from judgments poses; couraging the unemployed to use their that show rashness or thoughtless S. 2151. An act to amend section 416 of existing skills to create jobs for them ness, and may we temper all our words the Agricultural Act of 1949, and for other selves. with wisdom, judiciousness, and pru purposes; This idea was originally proposed by dence. May we use our time, 0 God, S.J Res. 235. Joint resolution deploring Congressman RoN WYDEN and during for reflection and for a desire for un the Soviet Government's active persecution of religious believers in Ukraine; the last session, Congressman DoN derstanding before we rush to words S. Con. Res. 82. Concurrent resolution PEASE and I incorporated it into a bill, that do not correct or inform, but only urging the German Democratic chief of H.R. 2676. This legislation is designed cause pain. May our words, gracious state Erich Honecker to repeal permanently to make the unemployment insurance God, be instruments of healing and of the order directing East German border system more reliable, more responsive helping. In Your name, we pray. guards to shoot to kill anyone who, without and more effective. Amen. authorization, attempts to cross the Berlin You may ask why reform the system Wall, and to issue an order to tear down the Berlin Wall; now, when our national unemploy THE JOURNAL S. Con. Res. 94. Concurrent resolution to ment rate is 5. 7 percent, the lowest in express the sense of the Congress regarding a decade. We need to do this now, be The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex relief for the U.S. Soybean Industry under cause we have the opportunity. Pres amined the Journal of the last day's section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974; ently there is little strain on the proceedings and announces to the S. Con. Res. 98. Concurrent resolution to system, but in times of high unem House his approval thereof. authorize the printing of the annual three ployment it does not meet the needs of Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the volume report "Developments in Aging: the people. Reform is necessary to J oumal stands approved. 1987" prepared by the Special Committee on Aging; meet the future needs of the working S. Con. Res. 99. Concurrent resolution men and women of our Nation. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE condemning North Korea's support for ter The lump-sum demonstration rorist activities; and project is a first step, and we need to A message from the Senate by Mr. S. Con. Res. 102. Concurrent resolution to Hallen, one of its clerks, announced take others. express the sense of the Congress regarding I would like to urge all of my col that the Senate had passed with an the contributions of John Foster Dulles in amendment in which the concurrence international affairs. leagues to take a close look at H.R. of the House is requested, a bill of the 2676 and consider becoming a cospon The message also announced that sor because now is the time to act. House of the following title: pursuant to sections 276h-276k, of H.R. 1212. An act to prevent the denial of title 22, United States Code, the Chair employment opportunities by prohibiting on behalf of the Vice President ap DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR the use of lie detectors by employers in points Mr. MURKOWSKI and Mr. volved in or affecting interstate commerce. WEDNESDAY BUSINESS ON McCAIN, as members of the Senate WEDNESDAY NEXT The message also announced that delegation to the Mexico-United the Senate insists upon its amendment States Interparliamentary Group Mr. GRAY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I to the bill D This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., D 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3521 Arizona Indian tribes and water in There was no objection. SEc. 2. The Secretary of Transportation terests have led the way in negotiating may award decorations and medals of ap settlements of Indian water rights propriate design a Merchant Marine Distinguished ary cooperation among Indians and 9136 of Public Law 100-203, the Chair Service Medal to an individual for outstand non-Indians-that this particular set appoints on the part of the House the ing acts, conduct, or valor beyond the line of tlement has been achieved. Our task following Members to the National duty; (2) a Merchant Marine Meritorious Serv now, as we begin public hearings in Commission on Children: ice Medal to an individual for meritorious the House Interior Committee, is to A: Individuals providing services, ac acts, conduct, or valor in the line of duty, fashion a final legislative package and tivities or research for children: but not of the outstanding character as refinements in the settlement that will Mr. Gerald W. McEntee, of Wash would warrant the award of the Merchant affirm a fair and equitable allotment ington, DC; Marine Distinguished Service Medal; of these water rights, once and for all. Dr. T. Berry Brazelton, of Cam (3) a decoration or medal to an individual I am confident continued coopera bridge, MA; for service in time of war or national emer tion among the Indians, the cities, the Dr. Donald J. Cohen, of New Haven, gency proclaimed by the President or Con several vital water interests, and the CT; and gress, or during operations by the Armed Forces of the United States outside the con Federal Government will result in a Mrs. Mary Hatwood Futrell, of tinental United States under conditions of final settlement and legislative pack Washington, DC; danger to life and property; and age which we will all be proud to sup B: Individuals who are elected or ap <4> a decoration or medal to an individual port. pointed public officials: for other acts or service of conspicuous gal From the House of Representatives, lantry, intrepidity, and extraordinary hero Mr. MILLER, of California; ism under conditions of danger to life and THE POWER OF DRUG DEALERS Mrs. Ruth W. Massinga, of Silver property that would warrant a similar deco The Secretary of Transporta on drug dealers who would dare and Chair announces that he will postpone tion may not award more than one of any who would kill in furtherance of their further proceedings today on each type of decoration or medal to an individual. enterprises. They have killed a judge For each succeeding act or service justifying motion to suspend the rules on which the same decoration or medal, a suitable in Texas. They have killed drug law a recorded vote or the yeas and nays device may be awarded to be worn with the enforcement officials. They have are ordered, or on which the vote is decoration or medal. killed ordinary citizens. Nothing will objected to under clause 4 of rule XV. (b) When an individual scheduled to re allow them to be stopped in the fur Such rollcall votes, if postponed, will ceive a decoration or medal under this Act is therance of their criminal enterprises. be taken on Wednesday, March 9, unable to accept it, the Secretary may make Now we have the latest example, a 1988. the award to an appropriate personal repre police officer protecting a witness. The sentative. time is now to act to provide a jury The Secretary may provide at cost, or with a means of imposing the death MERCHANT MARINE DECORA authorize for the manufacture and sale at TIONS AND MEDALS ACT reasonable prices by private persons- penalty in such cases. ( 1) the decorations and medals authorized Mr. Speaker, I urge the Judiciary Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. under section 2 of this Act and replacements Committee leadership of the House to Speaker, I move to suspend the rules for those decorations and medals; and allow our bills in this vein to be heard and pass the bill The Maritime Administrator Armed Forces of the United States or service during World War II. These valiant sail may issue a special certificate in recognition of service to an individual, or the personal its allies during periods of national ors endured untold losses throughout the long representative of an individual, whose serv emergency. Since merchant seamen Atlantic passage, yet, sadly enough, for all too ice in the United States merchant marine who served in World War II from long they have been denied the rightful bene has been determined to be active duty under Pearl Harbor to Victory in Japan Day fits and recognition which they justly deserve. section 401 of Public Law 95-202 <38 U.S.C. have recently been granted veterans' At long last, Mr. Speaker, the Federal Govern 106, Note>. status, and the cost of a flag and grave ment has succeeded in correcting this injus (b) Issuance of a certificate to any individ marker for them will be borne by the tice. ual under subsection of this section does Veterans' Administration, future costs not entitle that individual to any rights, On December 19, 1988, the Defense De privileges, or benefits under any law of the under H.R. 1430 are not expected to partment corrected a clearly unwarranted pre United States. have any significant budgetary impact. vious decision by granting veterans' status to SEc. 8. Except as authorized by this Act, a This bill has administration support, merchant seamen who served between Pearl person may not manufacture, sell, possess, and was reported by a unanimous Harbor and V-J Day. I was pleased to join my or display a decoration or medal provided voice vote. colleagues in Congress who fought to win this for in this Act. A person violating this sec Mr. SAXTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield tion is liable to the United States Govern reversal, and I am pleased that we may now myself such time as I may consume. take this moment to celebrate the achieve ment for a civil penalty of $2,000. Mr. Speaker, I rise, together with SEc. 9. The Act of July 24, 1956 ( 46 App. ments of our merchant marine war heroes. U.S.C. 249-249c> is repealed. the gentleman from North Carolina H.R. 1430, the Merchant Marine Decora SEc. 10. (a) The Act entitled "An Act to [Mr. JoNES], in support of H.R. 1430, tions and Medals Act, will extend the authority set aside certain surplus vessels for use in the Merchant Marine Decorations and of the Maritime Administration to grant special the provision of health and other humani Medals Act, which would allow the recognition and appropriate decorations to tarian services", as amended, approved Oc Secretary of Transportation to recog tober 22, 1982 (P.L. 97-360; 96 Stat. 1718), is nize the merchant seaman who have merchant seamen demonstrating exemplary amended- served our Nation in times of crisis. service. This measure will ensure that the ef <1) in section 6, by striking "United States This bill would also allow the Mari forts of merchant mariners no longer go unno Ship Colonial l.SD-18", and substituting ticed and will also make corrections to the law "United States Ship Sanctuary AH-20"; and time Administrator to issue a docu ment in recognition of the service of necessary in light of the recent Defense De <2> in section 7, by striking "1989" and partment decision. substituting "1992". members of the U.S. merchant marine, (b) The United States Ship Sanctuary which is considered active duty under Mr. Speaker, I join my colleagues in calling AH-20 shall be transferred to the National current law. for the unanimous adoption of this legislation. Defense Reserve Fleet. I believe that members of the U.S. Let us tell our merchant mariners that we The SPEAKER. Is a second demand merchant marine who have served our salute their patriotic efforts. They answered ed? country during periods of armed con our call when it was time to defend the Mr. SAXTON. Mr. Speaker, I flict and crisis deserves the special rec Nation. Now, many years after the fact, we fi demand a second. ognition that this bill provides. nally have the chance to answer their call for The SPEAKER. Without objection, Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to assistance. I urge my colleagues to support a second will be considered as ordered. support enactment of the legislation the Merchant Marine Decorations and Medals There was no objection. and join with Chairman JoNES in that Act of 1988. The SPEAKER. The gentleman endeavor. Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of from North Carolina, [Mr. JoNES] will Mr. JONES of North Carolina. The H.R. 1430, a bill that will finally give some tan be recognized for 20 minutes and the bill before us, Mr. Speaker, varies gible recognition to the American merchant gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. from the bill reported from our com seamen who have supported our Nation in SAXTON] will be recognized for 20 min mittee by adding a section to amend times of national need. This bill authorizes the utes. Public Law 97-360, which sets aside Secretary of Transportation to award a variety The Chair recognizes the gentleman certain vessels in the National Defense of decorations and medals for individual acts from North Carolina [Mr. JoNES]. Reserve Fleet for use by a nonprofit of heroism as well as serve in the U.S. mer Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. organization, LIFE International. chant marine. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I LIFE plans to use these vessels to pro In January of this year, the administration, may consume. vide medical care and training and acting through the Department of Defense Ci Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1430, introduced other humanitarian services to the vilian-Military Service Review Board, deter by the Honorable MARIO BIAGGI, ex people of lesser developed countries. mined that service by American merchant pands the authority of the Secretary This amendment substitutes the seamen during World War 11-December 7, of Transportation to issue medals, vessel, ex-Sanctuary, for the ex-Colo 1941 , to August 15, 1945-shall be consid awards, and decorations to merchant nial, and extends the time to carry out ered "active duty" for the purposes of all of seamen in time of peace, war, or na the purposes of Public Law 97-360 by the programs administered by the Veterans' tional emergency. 3 years. The amendment has biparti Administration. The existing law, enacted in 1956, is san support. This ruling means that 40 years after World commonly referred to as the Merchant H.R. 1430 is one way we in Congress War II, American seamen who served during Marine Medals Act. It authorizes can show our merchant seamen that that conflict have finally received the same medals and decorations for outstand we appreciate their bravery and dedi veterans' status as their comrades who ing and meritorious service after June cation. I urge passage of this impor served in the other military branches. It has 30, 1950, in the U.S. merchant marine. tant bill. been a national disgrace that these American H.R. 1430 provides that awards au Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support seamen, these heroes, who made possible thorized under the 1956 act be contin of H.R. 1430, the Merchant Marine Decora the successful military efforts of our armed ued and authorizes the issuance of ad tions and Medals Act of 1988. I would like to services, were never granted veterans' status. ditional awards for service prior to commend my colleague from New York, Mr. H.R. 1430 also contains a provision that 1950. It also allows the Maritime Ad BIAGGI, the distinguished chairman of the Sub amends a previously enacted law setting ministrator to issue a special certifi committee on Merchant Marine, as well as the aside several surplus Government vessels for cate to recognize merchant seamen ranking minority member of the subcommittee, use by private nonprofit organizations to pro who served in World War II. Mr. LENT, for bringing this measure to the vide health care, education, and other humani The bill authorizes the Secretary of floor. tarian services to needy nations around the Transportation to provide a U.S. flag Mr. Speaker, the Subcommittee on Mer world or in various coastal communities in the and a grave marker to the family of a chant Marine has worked for many long years United States. This particular section would March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3523 substitute the surplus hospital ship U.S.S. served not as members, but as part of the accordance with orders by the Honorable Sanctuary for one of the vessels currently merchant marine only. For example, the De Louis F. Oberdorfer of the U.S. District Court being held in the National Defense Reserve partment of the Army will be issuing Army dis for the District of Columbia. Fleet. The bill also provides 3 more years for charge certificates to merchant mariners who I am proud that, as chairman of the Mer the organization interested in carrying out this served with the Army Transport Service. Sec chant Marine Subcommittee, I was instrumen humanitarian work-LIFE International-to tion 7 will correct any confusion or ambiguity tal in highlighting the issue of veterans' status obtain the necessary private funds to modify caused by this situation. for merchant seamen who served so valiantly the vessels and to put them into service. The I believe that members of the U.S. mer during the period of conflict after Pearl Merchant Marine Committee has considered chant marine who serve our country during Harbor. The hearings revealed the important various alternatives to this legislation over the periods of armed conflict and crisis deserve contributions of merchant seamen. In World last several years, and I believe that this par the special recognition that this bill would pro War II, the losses suffered by the U.S.-flag ticular section of H.R. 1430 represents an ap vide. I urge my colleagues to support enact merchant marine were staggering. Over 733 propriate compromise for LIFE International. ment of this legislation. merchant vessels were lost in all theaters of Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1430 was originally intro Finally, section 10 extends the time that operation; thousands of merchant seamen duced by our colleague MARIO BIAGGI, and certain Government vessels will be available were injured or disabled; 56,662 were killed or cosponsored by myself, Chairman WALTER for LIFE International and substitute one missing in action; and 609 spent time as pris JONES, and ROBERT DAVIS. I urge my col vessel on the current list of those available. I oners of war. Their mortality rate of 2.8 per leagues to join us and approve H.R. 1430 as urge support for the inclusion of this section cent was just significantly less than the 2.9 a fitting piece of legislation to award medals for this worthwhile humanitarian purpose. percent loss ratio suffered by the U.S. Marine and other decorations to our heroic merchant Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I would like to Corps and significantly more than the loss seamen. take a moment to express my gratitude and ratio suffered by all other armed services Mr. DAVIS of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I rise appreciation to the many Members on both combined. I am convinced that our hearings, in support of H.R. 1430, the Merchant Marine sides of the aisle who supported two legisla in this and the last Congress, provided tangi Decorations and Medals Act, which would tive initiatives, which I introduced on behalf of ble evidence of an injustice that needed to be allow the Secretary of Transportation to rec our merchant seamen. H.R. 1430, the bill rectified. ognize the merchant seamen who have before us today, authorizes decorations, served our Nation in times of crisis. Section 7 medals, and other recognition for service in The representative of the Civilian-Military of this bill would allow the Maritime Adminis the merchant marine. Another bill, H.R. 1235, Service Review Board, while testifying before trator to issue a document in recognition of would have bestowed veterans' status and at our subcommittee, agreed that the merchant the service of members of the U.S. merchant tendant benefits on those merchant seamen seamen who transported the articles of war marine which is considered "active duty" who stood in " Harm's Way" during World War during World War II ought to be recognized. In under Public Law 95-202. I believe that it is II. Further action on H.R. 1235 is no longer re the same breath, he stated that the law did appropriate to recognize the special contribu quired due to circumstances on which I will not permit the Board to do so. Judge Ober tion of this group. soon elaborate. dorfer, however, directed a review of that in On January 19, 1988, following the U.S. dis H.R. 1430 is the result of efforts started in terpretation, and the Board reversed its earlier trict court decision in Schumacher versus Al prior Congresses to review the adequacy of decision. dridge, Secretary of the Air Force, the Depart the laws that recognize the service of mer I have been advised that as of this date the ment of Defense Civilian-Military Service chant seamen during times of peace, war, and Coast Guard has over 6,000 applications to Review Board granted active duty status to national emergency. The legislation responds process; at least 4,000 more can be expect members of the oceangoing U.S. merchant to the need to expand the authority of the ed. To date, a few applications have been marine who served during World War II. It rep Secretary of Transportation to issue medals, cleared, on an emergency basis, for recently resents years of determined effort to gain rec awards, and decorations. deceased merchant seamen for the purpose ognition for the merchant mariners who so The act of July 25, 1956-Public Law ?59- of granting burial benefits. The establishment valiantly served our country during World War commonly referred to as the Merchant Marine of a system for rapidly processing the applica II. Medals Act, authorizes medals and decora tions and issuing the appropriate documenta The medals and decorations authorized in tions for outstanding and meritorious conduct tion is proceeding in an efficient, satisfactory, sections 2 through 5 in H.R. 1430 are de and service after June 30, 1950, in the U.S. and orderly manner. I want to express my sin signed to recognize particular acts of valor or merchant marine. H.R. 1430 provides that cere appreciation to those individuals in the service. Section 7 would allow the Maritime awards under the 1956 act be continued and Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Maritime Administrator to recognize the extraordinary authorizes the issuance of additional awards Administration, and the Federal Records service of this entire group of individuals. The and certificates for service prior to June 30, Center who are involved in these coordinated Maritime Administrator is charged with carry 1950, and in future national emergencies. It efforts. I also want to thank the Coast Guard ing out the U.S. maritime policy, and I believe also authorizes the Secretary of Transporta for sending each Member of both Houses an it is appropriate that the Administrator issue a tion to provide a U.S. flag and a grave marker information packet, so that we can provide ac special certificate which acknowledges the to the family of a deceased individual who curate and pertinent information to our con distinctive service of all merchant mariners in serves in the merchant marine in support of stituents. periods of armed conflict. the Armed Forces of the United States or its I am pleased that an inequity has been fi The Coast Guard, Army, and Navy are pres allies during future periods of national emer nally rectified, and that my bill, H.R. 1235, is ently processing the applications of merchant gency, unless otherwise provided for. It is esti no longer necessary. Finally, I urge passage mariners requesting confirmation of their mated that the cost of this legislation is mini of H.R. 1430, to show merchant seamen that status as veterans under the recent court de mal. their contributions to our Nation in war and cision. They will issue appropriate documents As I mentioned, further action on H.R. 1235 peace are appreciated. to those who are eligible for their use in ob is unnecessary. Merchant seamen who served Mr. BRENNAN. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased taining veterans benefits. These documents during World War II are now classed as veter to lend my support to H.R. 1430, the Mer serve an administrative purpose, and were not ans. On January 19, 1988, the Secretary of chant Marine Decorations and Medals Act. specially designed to give recognition to the the Air Force-acting for the Department of This legislation coupled with the January 20 service of oceangoing merchant mariners. The Defense under Public Law 95-202-an announcement by the Department of Defense document authorized by section 7 of this bill nounced that merchant seamen who served approving two merchant marine groups' appli would be specially designed for this purpose, on oceangoing U.S.-flag merchant vessels be cations for veterans status, grants long-await and would not affect or duplicate the docu tween Pearl Harbor-December 7, 1941-and ed recognition and benefits to merchant ments issued by these services. In fact, al Victory in Japan Day-August 15, 1945- seamen who made great contributions to the though the DD-214 is essential, I find it both would be classed as veterans, entitled to re Allied World War II effort. unnecessary and nonsensical to issue a DD- ceive the same benefits as other World War II Unfortunately, 43 years have passed for 256 or discharge certificate appropriate for veterans. This decision was rendered after the these seamen to achieve veterans status. members of the Armed Forces to those who Secretary reconsidered his earlier opinions in This group lost a higher percentage of its 3524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 members in the war than any other military They are in Charleston today, at The SPEAKER pro tempore. The branch besides the Marine Corps. While ap this moment meeting with my staff, to gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. proximately 250,000 merchant seamen sailed pick up volunteers, cargo, and to raise JONES] will be recognized for 20 min during the war, it is uncertain how many money. We wish them well while they utes and the gentleman from New remain to benefit from their new status. are with us and praise them for the Jersey [Mr. SAXTON] will be recognized The efforts of individuals to make this status unselfish and worthwhile work they for 20 minutes. a reality cannot be overlooked. Congressman do. The Chair recognizes the gentleman MARIO BIAGGI, a senior member of the Mer from North Carolina [Mr. JoNES]. Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. chant Marine and Fisheries Committee, has AUTHORIZING CONVEYANCE OF been at the forefront of granting merchant Speaker, I yield myself such time as I THE LIBERTY SHIP, "PROTEC may consume. seamen their overdue status. The measure we TOR" will soon approve, further recognizes the mer Mr. Speaker, H.R. 2032, introduced chant seamen in conjunction with the DOD Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. by the Honorable GLENN M. ANDER ruling of January 1988. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules SON, would authorize the conveyance and pass the bill Notwithstanding another business practices at competitive sale, this legislation-Mr. Charles Dana Gibson, of law, the Secretary of Transportation may after appraisal and due notice. This Camden, ME. convey the right, title, and interest of the legislation permits an exception to I urge my colleagues to join me in giving a United States Government in the vessel these requirements. It was reported by strong vote of support for this legislation, H.R. Lane Victory, United States official number 248094, to a nonprofit corporation the recipient agrees to make the vessel available to the Government when the Sec commonly referred to as the "Victory The SPEAKER pro tempore or <4> of this subsection; and tion for merchant seamen who served Mr. RAVENEL. Mr. Speaker, the (6) the recipient agrees to any other con during World War II. ditions the Secretary considers appropriate. Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he mercy ships have docked in my beauti If a conveyance is made under this ful hometown of Charleston, SC. Act, the Secretary shall deliver the vessel to may consume to the gentleman from These two ships, the M/V Anastasis the recipient at the place where the vessel is California [Mr. ANDERSON]. and the M/V Samaritan, are part of located on the date of enactment of this Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, the interdenominational organization Act, in its present condition, without cost to today the House is considering legisla "Youth With a Mission." They sail to the Government. tion which I have introduced that I Third World areas of natural disaster The Secretary also may convey any un consider to be straightforward and needed equipment from other vessels in the and economic need to provide much National Defense Reserve Fleet in order to noncontroversial. needed medical care, training, and assist in placing the Lane Victory in operat H.R. 2032 would authorize the con evangelism. ing condition. veyance of the vessel Lane Victory to a These are fully equipped hospital, SEc. 2. This Act does not require the Sec nonprofit organization for use as a surgical, and dental ships, potentially retary to retain this vessel in the reserve merchant marine memorial. This me able to assist in any port city in the fleet for a period longer than two years morial would be dedicated to the thou world. They bring help to victims of from the date of enactment of this Act. sands of merchant mariners who gave war, natural disaster, famine, and pov The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is a their lives during World War II. Such erty. Mobile teams with portable second demanded? a memorial would also serve as a mer equipment can go into remote areas. Mr. SAXTON. Mr. Speaker, I chant marine museum to educate the Volunteer crews of doctors, nurses, demand a second. public about the important role played dentists, technicians, builders, and The SPEAKER pro tempore. With by the merchant marine in winning more have seen duty in dozens of out objection, a second will be consid the war. The memorial and museum Third World and underdeveloped ered as ordered. purposes of the Lane Victory at no countries. There was no objection. cost to the Government is not much to March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3525 ask for considering the vital and peril fornia [Mr. ANDERSON] in support of pressed interest in this project has in ous role played by our merchant mari H.R. 2032, a bill which was approved dicated that they will bear all costs of ners, both those who gave their lives by the Committee on Merchant any modifications to the vessel that as well as those mariners still living. Marine and Fisheries, and as the gen are necessary to make it safe and sea The reason this legislation will not tleman from North Carolina [Mr. worthy. They will also enter into an entail any costs to the Federal Gov JoNES] has said, authorizes the Secre agreement to protect the Federal Gov ernment is because the organization tary of Transportation to convey the ernment from any liability claims par which will receive this vessel; namely, vessel Lane Victory to a nonprofit cor ticularly relating to asbestos problems the U.S. Merchant Marine Veterans of poration for use as a merchant marine that may exist in this vessel. World War II based in Seal Beach, CA, memorial. Mr. Speaker, this legislative proposal is required to assume all repair, Frankly, Mr. Speaker, my hat is off is not unique. There are other facili towing, and maintenance costs once it to the U.S. Merchant Marine Veterans ties that have been established to rec receives title to the Lane Victory. of World War II, an organization ognize the heroic service of our Na Moreover, this organization has which has taken it upon itself to fund tion's merchant seamen. Several years agreed to sign an indemnity and hold this project and one which will permit ago Congress set aside a World War II harmless agreement to protect the the U.S. Government to pay recogni Liberty ship reserving it for use as a Government from liability claims re tion to a group of very dedicated museum and memorial. Hopefully, lating to asbestos. The chairman's people who served during World War that vessel, the John W. Brown, will amendment to my legislation simply II through funds developed through ultimately end up as a memorial facili clarifies this existing understanding. I private organizations. ty for merchant seamen somewhere on am confident that Chairman JoNES' As introduced, this legislation origi the east coast. Another Liberty ship, Protec amendment will allay the concerns nally provided that the vessel the Jeremiah O'Brien, is located in the raised by the administration on the tor would be made available for this potential for large-scale liability memorial. However, during the consid San Francisco Bay area and has been claims against the Government. With eration of this bill in committee it operating as a living memorial to mer the amendment offered by Chairman became clear that the vessel Protector chant seamen. The U.S. Mechant JONES, there is no reason to worry would be too expensive to modify. Fur Marine Memorial Chapel, located at about the possibility of such claims. thermore, because of its age and the the Merchant Marine Academy in I would also like to point out that fact that the vessel had too much as Kings Point, NY, is an interfaith the administration had some problems bestos in it, it would have to be given a chapel consecrated in the memory of with the authority of the Secretary to major overhaul, a problem which cre the American seamen who gave their consider using spare parts on other ated too much of a modification. Con lives at sea in service to their country. National Defense Reserve Fleet vessels sequently the vessel Lane Victory was This bill would simply set aside one for the Lane Victory. This legislation substituted. more ship for use as a memorial and does not in any way mandate that the The legislation would not involve living example of our merchant Secretary provide any spare parts any cost, as I pointed out earlier, to marine. At at time when our Nation is from other vessels that may be of use the Federal Government. in dire need of a stronger merchant on the Lane Victory. We are not The organization seeking this vessel marine, projects like this will help saying the administration should not has agreed to pay for all of those bring to the attention of the American sell other vessels for scrap. However, costs. people the service and the role that we are saying that in deciding to dis The Committee on Merchant Marine our merchant marine provides to our pose of other vessels, the Secretary and Fisheries has also added a provi Nation. should not rule out the possibility of sion to the bill in response to a specific Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to providing parts of these other vessels request from the administration to join me in approving this bill so that to the Lane Victory. I hope I have assure that the Federal Government we can provide additional recognition made this perfectly clear. could not be held liable for any asbes for the work that our merchant Subject to approval, the U.S. Mer tos related problems associated with seamen have performed for our chant Marine Veterans of World War the vessel. The organization seeking to Nation. II intends to dock the Lane Victory in obtain the vessel has also agreed to Mr. SAXTON. Mr. Speaker, I have the Los Angeles Harbor in San Pedro. this provision. no other requests for time, and I yield The organization plans to move the Mr. Speaker, it is appropriate that back the balance of my time. vessel from the National Defense Re we enact this bill to provide a living Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. serve Fleet in San Francisco's Suison memorial to American merchant Speaker, I have no further request for Bay. Moreover, the organization has seamen who have served our Nation so time, and I yield back the balance of made it clear that it intends to fully valiantly over the years. my time. comply with all inspection and certifi Mr. Speaker, I hope that this vessel The SPEAKER pro tempore Afghanistan. their remarks on H.R. 1430 and H.R. any idea of whether or not we have I believe it is important to point out 2032, the bills just passed. completed the legislative business for that the Senate acted very expedi The SPEAKER pro tempore Soviet Union after Rus tration" have good relations with trade Mr. DREIER of California. Mr. sian troops leave, replied: unions, youth groups, peasants and others, Speaker, reserving the right to object, "I believe the answer is obvious. The and thus could ensure a smooth transition Afghan government has the right to receive after the Russians leave. I do not plan to object, but I would any kind of help from any country which If the mujahideen seize power, the fate of simply like to ask of the majority suits its national interest. Afghans "on the side of the revolution" leader why it is that we cannot bring "We will continue receiving all types of as would be in jeopardy, he said. "Najibullah is up the resolution dealing with our re sistance which we feel necessary from the our president. He will remain president," affirmation of support of the Mujahi Soviet Union," Mr. Azhar said. Mr. Azhar concluded. din in Afghanistan? "If we feel it necessary, we will not hesi the times he sent it and two times it was common good, to the eventual destruc Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shot down. tion of hundreds of thousands of small from the lowest to the highest grades, He was the first to offer a compre businesses that have disappeared from to anybody, young, old, middle aged, hensive program of national assistance our economy and continue to do so at no matter what occupation, student, for education and it never got any record rates. laborer, if he or she so desired and de- place. March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3529 It was not until his death and the Now nobody has discussed that. As The President all of a sudden did not skill of Lyndon Johnson who took ad far as I know the record will show I say anything more. Why? Well, I vantage of the fact that the tide was am the only one who since 1964 asked brought it out, I made three different turning that we then enacted the 1965 that, what I consider to be, $64 ques addresses to the House, but the reason Elementary and Secondary School Act tion. At that time the defense budget was that the firm based in the Ruhr of which I am coauthor, and the 1964 total was less than $50 billion, much and controlled by the leading oil and Economic Opportunity Act or the so less. gas companies who in turn financially, called war on poverty. My question was, and I still get the actually-we have such an incestuous So that in my district alone, for in same answer: How much of this is for situation in our financial world where stance, where we had had a dropout the so-called defense of Europe? And through these interlocking corporate rate of over 80 percent among what we directorates it is hard to distinguish used to call Latin-American or Mexi every one of the answers from the dis tinguished subcommittee chairman on the chairman of the board of Standard can-American youth, in a matter of 10 Oil, California or Chase Manhattan or years with the assistance of the bulk Appropriations or chairmen of com mittees were, "We can't tell you exact the Bank of America-in this case, of the programs that we devised in Chase Manhattan controlled, through 1964 to target in, the work study, ly because it is diffused through the budget. We have some research and what they called Ruhrgeist, which was neighborhood youth programs, we en the name of the corporation, the con abled those kids not only to stay in development that ultimately will be targeted for the defense of Europe." trolling financiers for these oil and school but for the first time developed banking interests. They were not a cadre to go on to college and who are But what disturbs me the most is about to let the President stop that today professionals, adding to the that our mind-set, when we speak of pipeline which, incidentally, American wealth of our country, adding to the Europe and its defense as expressed by technology to a certain extent and tax revenues of our government. Ar our President and prior Presidents, American supplies helped construct. chitects, doctors, dentists, engineers. leaders in and out of the Congress is So this is how involved what appears Before you had two or three or none of a Europe of 1947-49, which has long to be a simplistic approach to anticom at all in these categories. In a matter disappeared. munism, for example, is when you of 10 years we reversed the dropout We are now living in an era in which look at the utterances of these vast fi rate from over 80 percent to less than a generation, untested by war, wholly nancial interests and their leaders, 20 percent. ignorant of the pain, blood and losses when a Poland where our banks in In just the last 3 V2 years, that drop of World War II or, for that matter, in vested quite a bit of money in the so out rate has again increased and gone our country Vietnam, Korea, an aver called Iron Curtain bloc counties-and over 26 percent. Tell me that there is age 20-year-old, 25- or 30-year-old so has West Germany-we have bil no cause and effect. Tell me that gov today has only history to think of to lions of dollars involved and the big ernment programs do not work and I get his idea, much less the depression. gest fear, when the so-called Solidarity will give you the facts and the figures Divisiveness arose in Poland, was not and the statistics, not a lot of soft talk So that with this void and with the about whether the Russian influence on ideological basis. thinking that we are predicating all of was going to dominate or whether So that with this concomitant rise this in a Europe that no longer exists, Poland was occupied or not; the ques for the demand for sophisticated tech a Europe that has at this moment over tion was, "Are they going to be able to nological knowledge, we have a re 315,000 of our servicemen, a Korea pay us the interest on our loans?" And duced horizon of opportunity for the that has over 45,000 of our servicemen, as David Rockefeller said on one of youth who do not have the financial as related to a world that no longer the trips back, he said, "You know, not means to go on to college. And it has exists out there. all communist countries are bad," reached the point now where no As a matter of fact from the finan meaning we can do business with middle-class family can afford to have cial standpoint-and remember that some. Well, of course, but in the mean more than one kid in a college today we are taxing the American people for while what is happening to our politi where the average tuition is in $315 billion for this defense budget of cal and our international politics and excess-and I am very conservative-of which 65 percent-plus is for the so relations? $10,000. called defense of Europe-if you read So how can we, how can we prevail? today's thinking as expressed by the 0 1300 It is obvious under these conditions we Western European countries, West cannot. Germany, France, which no longer and for many years has not been part Well, we have conflicts which have In the meantime, where have we reduced America's leadership to the placed the priority? Well, we have in of so-called NATO; British publica point where the newspapers last week, creased the defense budget, so-called tions, but more particularly French when the President went to the so defense budget exponentially; we have and German, and now the European called NATO or European meeting, decreased the so-called domestic side. Community, you will find that they are saying, "Well, wait awhile, it never they all headlined the fact that it was Then the defense budget and all of was envisioned that the United States Maggie Thatcher who took over the the defense discussion-because I will would reach this level or proportion of leadership. We knew that before when not esteem this by calling it a debate involvement in Europe." What is the we had the economic summit meeting we have never had debate anymore big struggle right now in Europe? The in Italy. In 1986 or 1987, the economic than we had real debates on such summit meetings revealed clearly our deployment of our missiles, and ·the bankruptcy, but we had been predict things as Central American policy, dismay that appeared after the Rey anymore than we had in the sixties on ing this since 1975 and 1976, when the kjavik so-called, summit disaster for then Republican administrations the other, because it all came down to us, among the European leaders. But "Are you going to be loyal to our Com pushed through the consequential acts before this, coming events cast their of the devaluation of 1971 by Presi mander in Chief in our great hour of shadows, was a so-called pipeline from need? Or are we going to be soft on Siberia to Western Europe which I dent Nixon. communism?" Instead of targeting in spoke about here before the President Now, the extent of our obliviousness on what the reality of this external announced that he was going to to this is that not one newspaper in world is. demand an embargo of Germany, the United States ever described the So what is $315 billion of defense France, West Europe, to embargo 1971 action by President Nixon as de budget predicated on? Over 65 percent their construction of this pipeline all valuation. Some did say that we went of this budget is predicated on quote, the way from Siberia, bringing in Sibe off the gold exchange system but actu unquote, "Defense of Europe." rian natural gas. ally it was devaluation. 3530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 Less than 2 years later, we had a served on the local legislative body, Now, behind all that is finances, second devaluation. We in the Con the city council of the city of San An money. Ever since the disarray in the gress had to pass-at that time there tonio, at a time when we had to run at world exchange markets leading to the was still some semblance of account large. We did not have the individual collapse of the so-called Dumbarton ability-specific bills that came little pinioned off districts. Oaks arrangement or Bretton Woods through the subcommittee that I was Then I was highly honored, I guess which collapsed, and it was finally so chairing and which I resisted, in which the highest honor a man could expect, decided in 1971 with the decision by we were setting the value of the dollar to have been elected to the State President Nixon to remove us from still based on this question of gold and senate of the State of Texas, the State the gold exchange system, as they which was clearly a devaluation reso legislative body, and then here to the called it, and devalue the dollar. lution. We had to pass two. They Congress, going on 27 years. In a de Just 3 weeks ago, there was great never were publicized. They were mocracy, there cannot be any higher convulsion in these areas such as mine passed over my negative vote, just like honor than that. That is the reason I and others throughout the country the repeal of the 1932 Gold Act was am motivated to go away and separate where the military bases have certain passed over my objection, was rammed myself from my normal chore on my indispensable activities and are out through with no protection, just like assigned committees and enlarge on posts of our national defense system. before 1932, no protection to those in these areas because of concern, be There was great trauma, because sud terests that would soon be speculating cause I really fear that since our denly· they said, because of the budget in the most controlled, contrived system is not a self-perpetuating ary exigency, we are going to have to market in the world. system, we have got to work at it and separate so many employees. We are So I was not surprised when years it is fragile. It is a lot more fragile. going to have to reduce this and have later, just a few years ago, the billion Liberty always must be won by each to reduce that. aire Hunt brothers of Texas tried to generation. Freedom and liberty are One item stood out, which alone engage in a contest with these Europe never won permanently by a people. would have prevented this, and that an 400-year experienced foxes of fi Those forces that exist in every socie was several hundred million dollars' nances and lost their shirts. But was it ty are ever present. They are like bo worth of added cost to us because of their shirts? No. It was better than 30 gacytes, or germs of activity invading billion dollars' worth of banking re an organism, and if we do not have the fall of the dollar, the devaluation sources, resources that our people and that helpful antibody to combat it, of of the dollar, which is very difficult to that our Government and that our course we will suffer the loss of say because we do not live in a world laws have said were and should be for health, of a healthy democracy, a where we have fixed references. We do the public interest; that is, credit to healthy participatory democracy. not have any fixed signposts as we fuel the engines of manufacture and These are the only reasons I have used to have and a system which was production, credit to allow the small taken this floor on the occasion of the created here in the United States with businessman to be able to borrow at murder of a Federal judge, unprece the venture of some of the European reasonable and not usurious and extor dented before and unprecedented nations, but which we never really tionate rates as he has had to do and since, never in the history of the judi won, because those big private finan is still doing. ciary of America had a judge been as cial international wizards, known as All history, as I have said repeatedly sassinated by evil forces that have the Bank for International Settle on this House floor, all history shows crept into our society, where we can ments, based in Basel, Switzerland, that no society failing to control usury barely even begin to extricate them carried the day. They did everything has endured for long, at least not as a because they are so embedded now, they could to prevent Bretton Woods viable, healthy society. they are so encrusted in otherwise from being the total success that So what has the Congress done? Of honorable fronts and business in socie would have ensured a viable comity course, it has been frustrating to get ty. between nations in their relationships up here and talk, and as some people It is going to take everything we as to the worth of their currencies and derogatorily or pejoratively describe it know how to keep the health of our where there would not be exploitation as speaking to an empty Chamber, re Nation. We are not winning that fight of all by a few. That has not been pre alizing that long before these proceed because crime and enough powerful vented. ings were ever thought of being tele people in business and Government We have yet to feel the complete vised, I did the same thing, because have made a ghastly, odious compan impact of this sell out. these are integral processes of the pro ionship. Now, I am on record before there ceedings of the House. It happens to So I spoke on this for 2 years. That was any such thing as coverage of be a system devised back some Con murder was going to lapse into oblivi these proceedings, I was as I am today gresses ago for the purposes of allow on just like the disappearance of addressing the record for the sake of ing a Member of a multiple body, such Jimmy Hoffa, and let us never forget those colleagues who might be inter as the House, an opportunity to en that if we allow a society that cannot ested enough to pursue the subject large, which he cannot do during regu fathom such things as the crime of the matter and who probably could devel lar business because of the necessity of murder, obviously, of Jimmy Hoffa is op greater expertise than I. I do not controlling time and debate. So this is indeed a sick society. claim to be an expert. I am just saying a privilege afforded a Member after all So these are things I feel keenly I have been placed as a member of the legislative business has been complet about. When I see the financial side, it Banking Committee now for almost 27 ed or any previous special orders. is no pleasure for me to say, and I am years and the ranking member of this They are unanimous-consent re not saying it boastfully, that no one committee today in a position where I quests made by a Member to afford has ever gotten up and asked the have been charged with knowledge the opportunity to communicate and chairman, "Hey, wait a while. What and because I have been interested in enlarge on some given subject matters about this budget? What portion is for the subject matter assigned to me and and issues with his coll~agues for the the defense of Europe and to what have gone into it and made these stud RECORD, because these proceedings, to extent? What is the nature of the ies and have developed some knowl the glory of the House of Representa commitment? What is it predicated edge as to the facts, not the theorems, tives and the Senate of the United on?" and where 2 plus 2 equals 4, and not as States, are printed each day. The universal opinion in Europe our experts in 1981 were telling us Now, I have had the great privilege, today is that that has collapsed. We that 4 minus 2 would equal 6. very few Americans have had these are not at all acting in awareness of So today we are in confusion. Our privileges relatively speaking. I have that very disturbing act. councils are confused, confusion com- March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3531 pounded with confusion, and it goes thought that we were committing high Mr. Speaker, I include for the back to the fact that the American treason. So there is no accounting. RECORD the above-referemced newspa people and the greatest interest of the The Federal Reserve Board has no per article. greatest number have been sold out, inspector general. Mr. Speaker, some [From the New York Times, Mar. 8, 1988] sold down the river, and their repre 10 years ago I stumbled across an act $3.8 BILLION BUYOUT SET FOR WARD-DEAL sentatives almost oblivious of the fact, of malfeasance by a member of the To END MoBIL's TRouBLED MoVE INTO RE and those elected to great executive highly private and powerful Open TAILING BUSINESS positions captives of the very great in Market Committee, so-called. Why 19-059 0-89-16 (Pt. 8) 3534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 ther. We certainly do not have free dom, what is happening with regard to to groups-and they are specified in dom. the peace process? the bill such as Catholic Relief Serv In the time since the President deliv Since the beginning of this year the ices, International Red Cross, CARE, ered his aid package to the Hill and Soviet Union has delivered to Nicara United Nations Children's Fund, and explained to the American people on gua 2,000 metric tons, 2,000 metric so on-but the problem was that in television what the stakes were in Cen tons of military supplies. That is over writing the language that they did, at tral America, the situation within 75 million dollars' worth of military least one-half of the funds, they ig Nicaragua has deteriorated substan supplies that has come into Nicaragua nored the reality of the situation in tially. On February 8, in the city of in the first 2 months of this year. That Nicaragua where the money was going. Masaya a mothers' demonstration is more purely military aid given to That is that Nicaraguan law requires against the military draft was violent the Communists in Nicaragua than that any funds coming into the coun ly broken up by Sandinista gangs. Six this country supplied to the democrat try go through the Nicaraguan Gov opposition leaders were arrested; the ic opposition in all of last year, in the ernment. state security police then raided the first 2 months of this year. Now had we said in the bill, as the homes of young Nicaraguans to force Give peace a chance? Peace is not bill on which we were working said, them into the army. being given a chance by the Soviets that there was also medical assistance On March 2, the Communist Sandi and by the Nicaraguans. Peace is being for the children under the bill that nista leader of the country, Daniel destroyed with a massive infusion of this particular amendment was tied to, Ortega, dismissed the peace negotiator military aid to that country. it called for assistance. I go back to in that country, Cardinal Obando y What are we doing? At the moment the bill that was offered by the minor Bravo, replacing him with his brother, in this country and in this House we ity, by Mr. MICHEL. It called for medi the defense minister. His brother, you are doing nothing. Peace is being de cal assistance to the children. There it may remember, is the one who has al stroyed in Central America by Com said the Agency for International De ready called for a 500,000 -to 600,000- munist military supplies, and freedom velopment is authorized and directed man army in Nicaragua. That is who is being destroyed by the Communist now has replaced Obando y Bravo as to provide to arrange for the provision Sandinistas government. medical assistance to children injured the implementor of the peace accords What we heard the Democratic lead for the Sandinista Government. in the conflicts in Central America. ership of this House tell us over the That is entirely different, because On March 3, the very next day, weekend is that they cannot do any Ortega then abolished the Depart thing else because they were sand what that means is you could have ment of Justice in the country and bagged by the Republicans on their purchased the goods outside Nicara placed its functions under the Depart vote last week. This is to indicate that gua and delivered those goods and de ment of the Interior. somehow Republicans, with our mi livered that help to the children inside In this country that might sound a nority in the House, destroyed their Nicaragua without providing funds little strange, because we think of the package. My contention is that their inside Nicaragua. The distinction is Department of the Interior as being package destroyed their package. very, very important because of Nica the place where we have our National So today what I would like to do is raguan law. Nicaraguan law requires Park Service and we run the Bureau of talk a little bit about the bill that we that if you send funds they come Indian Affairs. If is a little bit differ had on the floor last week so that, Mr. through the Government; if you send ent in Nicaragua. The Department of Speaker, we can have a better under assistance it does not necessarily have the Interior is the Secret Police, so standing of just what it was we were to come through the Government. what they have done in this particular voting on and what the stakes were The bill was turned down, the action in Nicaragua they have placed behind that legislation, because in es amendment that was ultimately the functions of justice under the sence the reason why the bill went turned down, the Foley-Bonier amend secret police. down, why it was voted down biparti ment, was in fact poorly written be As though to make that a real kind sanly in the House last week was be cause it specified funds which meant of situation in the country on that cause it was a bad resolution. that the end result was, no matter very same day, on the day that the De what the intent, the money would partment of Justice was moved under D 1345 have gone to the Communist govern the secret police, Sandinista Commu It was a bad resolution in a number ment in Nicaragua and thereby been a nist street gangs known as turbas of respects. Let me detail. payment of reparations to that Gov broke up a peaceful opposition meet First of all, this bill, while it had I ernment, not assistance to the chil ing in Managua, and 3 days latter am sure appropriate intent, for the dren. Badly drafted. those same turba gangs, those mobs first time would have paid reparations Now maybe that point alone should led by the local Sandinista party chief, to the Communist government in that not have disqualified the bill, because attacked a peaceful opposition march country. it was obvious what the intent was. celebrating a women's day, again in Now it was not defined that way in But it was also obvious that it was a the city of Masaya. As the police the bill. In the bill it was defined as flawed mechanism. looked on during that demonstration, aid to the children of Nicaragua. How But there were some other problems the mob threw stones, beat the opposi ever, it was called the Children's Sur in the measure as well. tion members with wooden clubs and vival Assistance. It was a nice name. For example, for the first time we metal bars, and then rampaged un And it was for a good cause, supposed were going to involve our military di checked through the streets of the ly. The problem was it was badly writ rectly in the operations in Nicaragua, city threatening the citizenry for the ten. and I quote again from the Foley better part of 2 hours with the secret Instead of providing assistance it Bonier bill: "The Department of De police looking on, with the police provided instead funds and I quote, fense shall be responsible for the di forces looking on. "at least one-half the funds trans rection, management, and delivery of Why was the Justice Department ferred under this section shall be pro the assistance authorized by this joint put under the Secret Police? Is is obvi vided through nonpolitical private and resolution." · ous, so there would be no justice. voluntary organizations and interna Now what was particularly disturb So if there is no freedom, if there is tional relief organizations operating ing to a number of us who have felt no justice in the country at the inside Nicaragua." over a period of time that the reason present time, what about peace? If we Now that all sounds perfectly inno for helping the Contras in Nicaragua, have argued that peace is being given cent. It sounds as though what they the reason for helping the democratic a chance, even at the expense of free- were trying to do is to get the money resistance there is so that we would March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3535 not have to put American military per reason why we have the Intelligence But that may be a kind of knee-jerk sonnel into that area of the world at Committee monitoring it is because it reaction; I do not know. The only some point. We think that that would is in fact involved in some secretive op other explanation I could come up be the wrong course to take. erations through our CIA. with is that they decided, on our way One of the lessons we ought to have According to the Foley-Bonior sub out of Nicaragua, to involve our mili learned out of Vietnam is the involve stitute, they wanted that to continue. tary so that in the final result their ment of American military is not nec I quote: antimilitary sentiment could be used essarily a plus in a situation. We ought The PE'-rmanent Select Committee on In and they could blame the debacle to to allow people in these countries to telligence of the House of Representatives follow on the military. That is the settle their differences among them and the Select Committee on Intelligence of only other thing that I can see that selves. We ought to allow them to the Senate hereinafter referred to as the In will be any kind of a political rationale fight their own fight. telligence Committee shall inspect, monitor If the people who are on our side of and review the provision of all assistance to for doing what they did in the bill. the conflict need assistance, we ought the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance Nevertheless, many of us who looked to provide them with assistance but we under this joint resolution. at this resolution thought it was an ought not be providing military help. In other words, they wanted that atrocious idea for the first time to in For the first time under the Foley process to continue. volve the Department of Defense, our Bonior substitute that was offered, we So what you had then was a Depart military branch of Government, into would have had American military in ment of Defense that does not have the process of delivering goods into volved in the delivery of the assistance direct jurisdiction being given that ju the war zone in Nicaragua. to the Contras, to the democratic re risdiction and then have them moni There is another, though, part of sistance. That seems like a bad idea. tored by a committee that does not this bill that gets even more troubling. Now it was argued on the floor that have specific oversight powers over I must admit that I had not seen this that was not really what they were the Department of Defense. part of the bill until after the debate doing. What they were doing was turn Oh, but that was solved. If you go on was over and I went back to my office ing over the management to the De down in that paragraph you find out, and started reading through the reso partment of Defense and taking it "except that nothing in this section lution a little more closely. away from the CIA, but exactly the shall be deemed to affect the jurisdic I looked at the functional aspects of same people would have run the deliv it. I had not bothered to look at some ery system as were running it now. tion and authority of any other com mittee of the Congress." of the policy statements in it. The Well, that raises some interesting policy statements are almost unbeliev questions. Why, if you have a system Now all of a sudden you are going to open up this whole process to monitor able because they track something which admittedly is working, would which has been going on in the debate you change the management in the ing by the Armed Services Committee, by the Government Operations Com in the Presidential primaries in the middle of the stream? If it is in fact a Democratic Party over the last few working system, why would you take it mittees, by subcommittees of those committees. So you have lost, then, weeks. away from one agency where we had One of the major candidates for set up monitoring systems for it and your ability to keep tight the monitor ing process, according to their own res President in the Democratic Party was turned it over to another agency asked on a news show recently wheth where we had no monitoring systems? olution. And when you have that, you have er or not he would accept a Soviet Well, I suppose there are some ra client-state in Central America. And tional explanations for that. the tremendous problem of perhaps massive waste in this program. he said during the process of that par In the bill it indicated there were ticular dialog on that news show, on perhaps some reasons for it. It said One has to wonder whether or not that they were going to do it but they that was by design. Why would they "Meet the Press," that essentially he were going to prevent the Department do that? Well, there is no doubt that would accept a Soviet client-state as of Defense from having any military on the political left in this country long as it did not possess offensive personnel in there. So therefore we there is a lot of anti-CIA sentiment. So weaponry. would be protected from any conse maybe it was just a knee-jerk reaction That carries with it very, very severe quences. that we are going to take it away from consequences for this country. What The problem though is that if the the CIA and give it to somebody else. he said was the Monroe Doctrine is no Department of Defense is running the Originally their intent was to give it to longer operative and we may have to operation and the Department of De agencies like the Red Cross and a lot accept the idea of a Soviet client-state fense also cannot have any personnel of people like that, except when they on the Central American mainland. on the ground, then who is going to started checking with those folks, Now he did not put it in exactly monitor this, who is going to make cer those folks said there was no way they those words. That is what you can see tain that the money is well spent? would deliver goods into a combat as you read down through the tran Well, that is a problem because zone. script of that particular news show. under the Mrazek amendment includ So then they had to find somebody But that was just one Presidential ed in some of the bills cited under this other than the CIA who might be able candidate speaking. He certainly act as applying to this particular meas to take goods into a combat zone. speaks without very much reference to ure, it would have been impossible for Guess what? They settled on the De the American people who have made it any Defense Department personnel to partment of Defense. They did it quite clear in poll after poll after poll be within 20 miles of the combat zone purely as a knee-jerk reaction to the that though they may have real con and thereby assure there would be fact that they hate the idea that this cerns about money to the Contras in nobody there directly monitoring how country gathers intelligence. Central America, they also have an the money was used. That does not It was not too many years ago when even greater concern about allowing make much sense. that kind of philosophy in the Carter the Soviets to penetrate our hemi Why get away from the system that administration got us in major diffi sphere and in no way do a majority of we now have? Now under the system culties when they dismantled and dis the American people support the insti that we now have also, the Intelli rupted the work of the Intelligence tution of a Soviet client-state in Cen gence Committee of the Congress Agency which led to its having an in tral America. The reason why I digress monitors the process. And again it has ability to have any kind of intelligence a bit on that is because the policy worked pretty well. Most people think flow when we had a situation like Iran statement contained in the Bonior it is a workable system. The one develop. Foley substitute also is predicated on 3536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 the idea of accepting a Soviet client they would do something about it. with Mr. Gorbachev, and in that letter state in Central America. Here is where it gets a little touchy, Colin Powell told us what the Soviet Let me quote out of this particular because they do tell us what they terms were for that kind of settle document. The policy toward Nicara would do about it. They say in their ment. The Soviets said that if the gua as stated by these folks was: policy about Nicaragua: United States ended all military assist A commitment for preserving the security A commitment to take appropriate mili ance to the democratic resistance, if of the United States and its allies by pre tary action if Nicaragua takes offensive mili we ended all assistance to our allies in venting the Soviet Union and its allies from tary action against its neighbors or obtains Central America, then the Soviets developing or deploying an offensive mili a military capacity that directly threatens would be willing to end all assistance tary capability in Central America that di the United States. other than the assistance of small rectly threatens the United States or its Let me repeat that: allies. arms required for the police, police A commitment to take appropriate mili state weapons. Now listen to that very carefully, be tary action if Nicaragua takes offensive mili Now think for a moment what that cause they say-they never say they tary action against its neighbors or obtains means. The United States would cut are for ending Soviet involvement, a military capacity that directly threatens the United States. off all weaponry, would cut off all aid they never say that they are opposed to our allies, to the democratic resist to having the Soviet Union directly in In other words, the policy that we volved in Nicaragua. What they say is were voting on in the amendment and ance, the democratic governments, in that they are simply committed to pre the policy that my colleagues who that part of the world, and the Soviets serving the security of the United voted for this resolution the other day would continue to send in small arms. States by keeping them from having is to say that in fact if they put Migs Now let us understand that would be or developing or deploying offensive into those bases they are building for rifles, that would be ammunition, that military capability against the United Migs, if they put Backfire bombers in would be pistols; it would be all the States or its allies. there, if submarines begin to be put in things, for instance, that guerrilla Now I want you to understand that those submarine bases that are being movements could use so the Sandinis that, as contrasted with the policy in built, the United States is going to tas would be in the place of being able the original bill which said this, it take military action against Nicaragua. to keep their own military strength called for "an end to Soviet, Cuban, I would suggest that the American ened because they already have the and other Communist bloc military or people do not want to be sucked into a tanks, they already have the helicop security assistance to, advisers in and conflict that way. That is precisely the ters, they already have the mortars establishment or user of bases in Nica lesson of Vietnam that obviously no and all that equipment. They would be ragua.'' one has learned. in the place of being able to ·have that In other words, the basic bill that we What we ought to be doing is sup replace the small arms; and not only were working from said we must end porting the democratic resistance that, provide the small arms to guer Soviet involvement, Cuban involve within the country so that there is no rilla movements that are attacking ment, other Communist-bloc involve chance of developing that offensive their neighbors. ment in Nicaragua as a part of our military threat. What we ought to be As we know from the intelligence policy. doing is supporting the democratic re materials that we have gotten through The Democratic substitute said that sistance that will allow the people of Mr. Miranda, they have supplied the we should only keep them from devel Nicaragua to have a free choice of guerrillas in El Salvador, they sup oping an offensive capability. their own. That is not detrimental in plied guerrillas even in peaceful Costa Now some may say, "Well, we any way to the interests of this coun Rica that has no army. So the Soviet shouldn't be in a position of dictating try. terms are we continue to send guns, that. If they want to have the Soviets But when you have a government you send nothing. in there, that is their right." In fact, that proclaims itself to be a Commu Now I hope that none of my col we have had some people say that in nist government, when it proclaims leagues were suggesting on the floor the course of the dialog and debate itself an ally of the Soviets, when it that is an appropriate settlement in that has gone on, on this issue. I dis allows the Soviets to begin to build Nicaragua, and yet, when discussed at agree, I vehemently disagree. But I within an offensive military capability, the highest levels, that was the Soviet think the next follow-on is very impor and then you have a statement of deal. tant here because what we know in policy coming out of the Democrats, The bottom line is this: The resolu Nicaragua is the development of that the liberals of this House, that says if tion failed on the floor last week be offensive capability has already taken in fact that goes into place, we are cause it is a bad resolution. It is a bad place. In the course of the debate the going to attack Nicaragua, then I resolution because for the first time it other day, my colleague from Califor think we have a serious problem, and I would have directly involved our mili nia, DUNCAN HUNTER, showed pictures think it is time the American people tary establishment in the conflict with on this House floor of airports being wake up and listen to what the Demo the delivery of goods, and it also had built in Nicaragua designed to handle crats are really telling them in these policy statements in it that ultimately Mig fighters and Backfire bombers. He resolutions they are writing, because it could have involved us in a much also showed pictures of submarine is right here in black and white. wider conflict in that part of the bases being built in Nicaragua de Now we did hear some Members world. That is unacceptable. What we signed to allow the supply and refur come to the floor during the debate, need to be doing is finding a way to bishing of submarines-and they are and they said, well, in order to take help people who are willing to fight Soviet submarines-so they can con care of that the President ought to be for freedom themselves because, if in trol the two ends of the Panama negotiating with the Soviet Union. fact what we have is a collection of Canal. Why do we not just negotiate with the free states in Central America, then Soviets and get them out of there? peace will be assured. D 1400 Well, they also ignored something Free nations have to desire to attack In other words, Migs, Backfires, and else then that we had in black and other free nations. Free nations do not submarines are all offensive weapons white. We had a letter from the Presi represent a threat to this country. that would be directed against the dent's National Security Advisor, Colin And so what we need to be is a part of United States and/or its allies. Powell, which made it clear that the a process that puts pressure on to the Why is that a problem? The Demo President had already conducted those situation in Nicaragua to assure that crats say clearly in their resolution kinds of negotiations at the highest there is freedom so that that can that they are opposed to that, that level. He conducted these negotiations indeed produce peace. March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3537 The resolution that we had last ican policy that recognizes Israel as a position is Israel's asserting its right to week did not move us in that direction. valuable and important friend of exist, which dates back to the 1948 In fact it moved us away from it, and America to perform an important act U.N. resolution. it perhaps would have involved us in a of friendship, and that is to give advice But it is also important to note, Mr. widening military involvement in that to a friend. Speaker, that being right in general part of the world, which is something Israel in its 40 years has been in does not mean that you do not have to that is the antithesis of both freedom many ways a model for the rest of the be concerned about being right in a and peace. I hope that now that we world. We often hear people justify a particular case. Being on the right side understand that the left wing agenda lack of democracy within a particular of a fundamental issue, as Israel, in cannot be enacted and we also under country on the grounds that things my judgment, clearly is on all the fun stand that President Reagan's biparti are tough, they are facing economic damental issues in the Middle East, san agenda cannot be enacted, I hope problems, and in particular they are does not mean that you do not have to that what we will do is come up with facing some foreign enemy. It is one of worry about the rectitude of your par something that can be enacted that the great glories of the state of Israel ticular positions. It is also important does not involved our military involve that, created as it was in the midst of to note that those of us who do believe ment in the conflicts there, does not a war not of its own choosing, the that American policy and American in involve reparations to the Sandinistas, state of Israel was proclaimed by U.N. but instead helps our friends, help the vote, and on the day of its proclama terests are best served by maintaining domocratic resistance there so we can tion it was under attack by Arab strong ties between ourselves and be assured that the people of Nicara neighbors who were unwilling to allow Israel have in my view an even greater gua are given a real choice for the own it the existence that the United Na obligation than those who disagree destiny in the future. tions voted, and Israel has unfortu with that to speak out when we think Mr. Speaker, that is what we ought nately for 40 years lived with the the Government of Israel is acting in to be working toward in this body. We stated hostility of many of its Arab ways which are not in its own best in ought to be working right now during neighbors. Anwar Sadat, who was mur terest. I say that because sometimes this time when literally this House is dered in part because of this is still when people voice disagreements with doing nothing. We ought to do some today the only Arab leader in control specific policies of the Government of thing. We ought to be doing some of a government who said, "Yes, I rec Israel, they are told that, after all, thing that assures peace and freedom ognize and accept the existence of Israel is a sovereign nation and you in Central America. Israel, and I want to work toward should not tell us what to do. peaceful relations between my country and Israel." 0 1415 PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST The absence of other Arab leaders It is not reasonable for friends to The SPEAKER pro tempore the troubles began the Israel continues to be very different I think the Israelis have a right to Israeli authorities have made some than the rest of the Middle East. In complain about that. It just does not mistakes in their response. I want to any other Middle Eastern country make logical sense to say that you are be very clear on this. When law en people under control of the govern going to hold one nation to a higher forcement authorities are confronted ment engaging in that kind of violent standard than you hold others. I think with violence, one cannot get absolute demonstrations that Palestinians have Israel has a right to say it will be perfection in any response. I worked been engaged in in Gaza and in the judged by the same standards as other for a major during the time of racial West Bank would have been treated nations of the world. violence in the United States. We had far more brutally than they have been The point I want to make is that by in those times racial violence in Ameri treated in Israel. No one, no one would that standard, by those values that we can cities, American citizens were be allowed to live if he or she orga in America think are important, Israel killed in large numbers, from time to nized demonstrations of that sort in has been very high. Israel does well in time, tragically by the National Syria. The ruthlessness of that regime public opinion polls in this country. Guard, in Detroit, and in Newark. We would have come down on them. American-Israeli policy is replete with had a problem because law enforce Nor, I might add, in Iraq, nor cer cooperation between ourselves, in part ment people in some cases did not tainly in Iran to take a non-Arab coun because measured by these same know how to respond. In other cases it try also in that area. standards we measure everybody else, was because being human beings, and I say again that this is not to hold we find that Israel does very well. law enforcement people are human, Israel to a higher standard, it is to 3540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 hold Israel to the same standard that Israel ought to be very clear and it I want to add my voice to those who everybody else is held and to say that may be that the tragedy of the Middle have been urging on Prime Minister Israel continues to do much better by East may be that Arab hostility to Shamir an acceptance of the Shultz that standard in fact, but as a friend, Israel that marked its very birth may approach, and accept it understanding and as supporter of Israel, as one who continue, and it may be that because fully that it may founder because of believes that one of Israel's great there are no successors to Anwar an unwillingness on the part of Arabs assets in this country is precisely its Sadat that peace will not be possible. to recognize Israel's existance. But moral and democratic position, I think It may be that there are no Arabs pre Israel ought to be, in its own interest we have an obligation to tell the Israe pared to make a deal with Israel where and the interests of peace and in the li Government when we think they are some of the land captured in 1967 can interests of its relationship with Amer making mistakes. be turned over to Palestinian inhabit ica, be fully supportive of the Shultz Mr. Speaker, I believe that there ants in a demilitarized way, in a way initiative. have been mistakes, partly inevitable that would allow them to control their If an international conference being mistakes of human emotion. Young own affairs but would also provide for convened is a necessary prerequisite to people put into that kind of situation Israel's security guaranteed by others. get the negotiations going, then it and faced with hostile mobs are going It may be that there are not Arabs seems to me that is in everybody's in to do things that people in armchairs prepared to do that. It is very much in terest as long as Israel has what it has, would think not wise. I understand the interests of the United States, of which is the American guarantee that that. peace, and of Israel for the Israeli it will not be pressured to do anything The role of leadership is to try to Government to make it clear that if against its own security. minimize that. Unfortuately in some that is the result that we cannot get Mr. Speaker, the Israeli Government cases the role of some of the leaders in such peace, it will not be Israel's fault. has to do a better job of respecting the Israel has been, in my judgment, to ex I do not suggest that it is. The evi acerbate rather than to minimize it. dence is overwhelmingly to the con rights of the people who live in those Mr. Speaker, I join with some of the trary. Israel has been forthcoming on territories. They are, after all, also vic others who are strong supporters of the one instance when it had an Arab tims, many of them. They are the vic Israel and who have urged on them prepared to make peace. We had an tims of an Arab callousness which I our advice, and they are free obviously other instance when George Shultz think contributed to the creation of to accept it or not to accept it, there is asked them to sign an agreement in the areas in which they live. Some are no impingement of sovereignty, but 1983 and pull out of Lebanon. That victims of extremists on their own friends have an obligation to let was of course repudiated by Syrian side, some of them are genuinely friends know what they think. I be pressure. angry people with whom I will not lieve that for the overwhelming major The point is that it is very much in agree. ity of us in this country, the basic cor Israel's interest to do this. Unfortu I say that fully understanding the rectness of Israel's position remains nately, given the divided nature of the necessity for the Israeli Defense unchallenged. Israel's right to exist Government in Israel, there is not as Forces to meet rock throwing and has yet to be affirmed in a reasonable clear an indication as there ought to Molotov cocktail throwing with a rea way by the great majority of its neigh be in Israel's own interest for a will sonable amount of force. Understand bors. What we are saying to the Israe ingness to engage in negotiations. ing from my own experience in this lis is to please work with Secretary Second, understanding the difficult country, and understanding for having Shultz. If we can, with American sup position Israel found itself in when it been in Israel in January and from port for Israel, lead some of Israel's had to in its defense take over territo talking with people there, I under Arab neighbors to emulate Sadat, we ries that were created by other people, stand how difficult the job is and I think it is important that Israel now that being the West Bank and Gaza, have to say as a friend that the Israeli indicate that it would be willing to ne and I understand that, they had to Government is not doing a good gotiate with them and the forum take those territories over. They were enough job, in my judgment, of re seems to me to be unimportant. Wor created in 1946 to 1967, and they were straining the understandable but rying about whether it is bilateral or created by the Arabs. Given the need wrong tendency to excessive violence whether there is some international to hold on to those pending some set of people put out there on the front convenor, if there is a chance to get tlement, I do not think the Israeli lines. I think for moral reasons and for some negotiations going, it seems to Government has shown sufficient de their own political reasons they have me who needs what umbrella ought termination to minimize the violence to do a better job. not to be a sticking point for anyone. of their reaction. I understand the At the same time it is important All sides ought to be willing to show temptation. I know it is tempting that as we say that we reaffirm our more flexibility. To object because five when one is in control of a govern understanding, because unfair criti members of the Security Council ment, and people are behaving in ways cism of people, and friends owe friends might convene a meeting seems to me that that government find challenging the right of criticism, but unfair criti trivial if the basic guarantee is given to our security, it is easy to forget cism has a counterproductive effect. and the basic guarantee is that the about some of the rules. But I think People criticized on a narrow and spe United States will stand by Israel in Israel makes a mistake when it does cific point without understanding resisting any pressure to go into a set that. It is not enough, I think, to be being expressed of the broader situa tlement that would jeopardize Israel's better than Syria or better than Iraq tion that led to that narrow and spe security. or better than Jordan in dealing with cific point do not always react well. I believe they have that commitment that kind of defense. It is not enough Israel is entitled to have expressed the of the United States. I believe they not because Israel is being held to a understanding that the difficulties should have that commitment in the higher standard but because in the in now facing them are not of their own interests of this country in preserving terests maintaining that strong Ameri making, and they are entitled to have a strong and secure and democratic can-Israeli relationship which has the continued assurance that no ally. Given that commitment, some of marked the life of Israel, and it is a American Government will ask them these other things become unimpor very important relationship to both to do anything that would jeopardize tant and the suspicion will arise that nations, I think it is important to their security. some people who do not want a negoti Israel to continue to score highly on In that context, it is important for ated settlement will overinflate the the same standard. It is important for us to affirm that it is in Israel's own importance of some of these things as Israel itself and it is important for Is interest as a democratic state to find a a way not to have it. raeli-American relations. way to relinquish control as much as it March 8,. 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3541 can of Gaza and much of the West nouncement by the Defense Minister was killed by a hunk of cement that Bank, and it is very much morally and that Israel is going to use force and was thrown by a Palistinian, and we politically in Israel's interest to do a beatings as a matter of policy. That to have seen pictures of both soldiers and better job than it has up until now me was totally ill-considered. television cameramen writhing on the dealing with violence, in dealing with There is no question that Israel pays ground in agony after having been hit vigilantes, and the like. Israeli. citizens a formidable price in international by large rocks. These are very serious, who, not being part of the armed good will and credibility, when state lethal games that the Palestinian forces, have arms and use them as we ments like that are made. Of all the youth are playing. Apparently, these have seen in ways that are simply governments in the world, of all the lethal games are not entirely sponta wrong, there has to be even-handed peoples in the world to use excessive neous. Some kind of master hand is or law enforcement against them as violence, it is hard to think of a coun ganizing them and guiding them, and I there would be against violence on the try whose history within recent think the Israeli Government has an part of the Palestinians and there has memory, four decades, makes such absolute right in its own self defense to be a better job of the very difficult action less appropriate and more of to meet that kind of lethal violence job of controlling the violent tenden fensive. I have to say that in all hones with sufficient force to quell it and to cies that are going to occur with young ty. control it. people facing hostile mobs. I under It has been a very painful process It is very difficult to measure what stand how difficult it is, I have sympa for all of us here who have a deep kind of force is sufficient force, as we thy for a government that has to deal sense of commitment to Israel, who have found out in our country. with it, but I believe I owe it as a want to see her survive, who want to Let me also say that the Israeli Gov friend of Israel to express the opinion see her maintain her special relation ernment for 40 years repeatedly has that I think is fairly common among ship with our country, and who want people in this country that they have to see her maintain the very special expressed the position that it is willing not done as good a job as they are moral and ethical quality that has dif to sit down with the Arabs and talk morally and politically obligated to do ferentiated Israel from all the govern about all the issues. The only Arab in controlling that tendency. ments in the Middle East and most of chief of state who took them up on the governments in the world. It has that was President Sadat, and we all been painful for those of us who care know regrettably the tragic history 0 1445 about those things to see what is going that ensured from his pattern of coop HOW MUCH LAND FOR HOW on, and I hope very much that Israel eration and his openhandedness in MUCH PEACE? will cease the policy of public beatings, dealing with the State of Israel. Assassination has become an accept The SPEAKER pro tempore Ireland and you peace. What they got was a minimal I give President Reagan total credit visit with the Protestant leadership in level of nonbelligerency. for having been a friend of peace in Belfast and then you say, "What won Peace means far more than that. the Middle East and having been a derful people they are. They are intel Peace means commerce, peace means ligent, they are thoughtful, they are the exchange of students, peace means stout and loyal friend of the State of the exchange of scientists, peace Israel, I give Secretary Shultz credit witty and they have got a rich history. means the exchange of business beyond my ability to express in words. Surely they can be expected to negoti people, peace means joint programs He has been an extraordinarily talent ate away these problems." Then you for development of all kinds, peace ed, thoughtful, wise human being in go to Dublin and you meet with the means joint telecommunications his policies toward the Middle East. Irish Catholic leadership and you say, projects involving radio and telephone And I must say that when he was ap "What marvelous, thoughtful, intelli and television, peace means joint pointed Secretary of State, coming to gent people these are. Why can't they projects affecting the environment, that job from the vantage point of get together?" Well, they have not such as the mutual joint exploitation having been CEO or chief executive gotten together. These problems go of the scarce water resources in the officer of the Bechtel Corp., doing bil back 400 years. Apparently they are Middle East, and peace means the ex lions of dollars of business in the virtually intractable. There are other change of cultural representatives. Middle East, I and some of my col places around the world. Even with Egypt, the one country in leagues had some pretty profound res The problems that the Belgians the Middle East that has gone further ervations about him. But they were have with non-Belgian-speaking than a status of total belligerency, quickly dispelled when we had a groups and the problems the French even with that country, Israel signed a chance to hear him out, discuss the Canadians-the Quebecquoise, the peace treaty but did not get peace. At issues with him and watch his per Levesque supporters-have with the the most, they have gotten a begrudg formance. English-speaking government in ing arrangement for nonbelligerency. He is an extraordinary man. No Canada seem to be comparatively in That is a lot. The absence of war is a matter what administration succeeds tractable, as well. heck of a lot better than a continu the Reagan administration, I suspect So there are problems around the ation of war, but still, Israel paid a that Secretary Shultz will be sorely world which do not seem to be suscep great price for peace and did not ever missed for his great qualities of heart, tible to a quick fix of easy, rapid solu get what we normally think of as the his great qualities of intellect, and his tions. full measure of peace and the bless great qualities of integrity and decen It is just possible that the Israelis ings of peace. They got a small meas cy that shine forth in every arena. He think-and I do not know this for a ure of nonbelligerency. Nothing more. is a remarkable human being. fact-that there are not any quick So Israel had to do some agonizing But, Mr. Speaker, I suggest that we fixes to the problems between Arabs introspection on how much land will have to think about a whole long suc and Israelis, and that in all likelihood, not jeopardize their security for how cession of Presidents, at least since once they get into the business of ter much peace. How much can Israel World War II, almost every one of ritory-for-peace, they are going to be trust a signature, an Arab signature, whom had the same conviction that under great pressure to make sacrific on a peace treaty. I do not know the they wanted to settle this agonizingly es of territory that are not in their answer to that. I suspect the Israelis difficult problem of the Middle East best interests. There are some Israelis are far more sophisticated and far on their turf. They have come up with who have profound misgivings about better equipped to make that decision one quick fix after another in the 40 the nature and quality of the land of how much land they are willing to years since World War II. they gave back to Egypt when they sacrifice for a collection of Arab signa The Israelis have a long memory and made a peace with Egypt. I think they tures on a peace treaty. they have to place all these individual expected a larger, richer definition of I suspect that the Israelis are far efforts by individual Presidents and peace than what they got. better qualified to make the decision Secretaries of State to find a solution So there may be some reservations as to whether, if the Arabs ever had a to the problem on their watch. They about moving down that slippery slope viable military option, they would not have to view all of these successive ef of peace-for-territory or territory-for instantaneously take advantage of it forts with a long and deep sense of his peace. I would respect their right to no matter how many signatures were tory. And perhaps they look around make those decisions and I would re on how many peace treaties. I cannot the world and see that some problems spect their right to tell us, "Look, we answer that question. just cannot be solved by a quick, neat understand your tremendous eager All of these issues have to be fac solution. We have problems with the ness, your noteworthy, praiseworthy tored into the question of how much Soviet Union that apparently, al eagerness to bring some kind of solace, land for how much peace. though hopefully they are being re peace, and reconciliation to the Middle Mr. Speaker, these are agonizing duced in order of magnitude now, for East, but after the peace conference is questions for all of us, and I would 40 years since World War II have been over you all go bac}{ home and we are state that our predilection for pushing virtually intractable. the ones who are le.ft to live with these March 8, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3543 understandings. We are the ones who orders heretofore entered, was granted relief for the United States Soybean Indus have to evaluate over the years how to: try under section 301 of the Trade Act of much territorial sacrifice in terms of to S. Con. Res. 102. Concurrent resolution to a peace." express the sense of the Congress regarding revise and extend their remarks and the contributions of John Foster Dulles in What value do we place on that include extraneous material:) international affairs; to the Committee on peace? How much can we rely on that Mr. WALKER, for 60 minutes, today. Foreign Affairs. peace? How much can we rely on the Mr. MooRHEAD, for 60 minutes, on integrity of the Arab signatures on March 10. that peace treaty? of Public Law 85-804: to include extraneous matter:) on the way they have controlled the OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT riots-and remember from their point Mr. HEFLEY. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, of view it has to be considered gratui Mr. RHODES. Washington, DC, March 1, 1988. tous advice-once we have given them Mr. GINGRICH. Hon. JIM WRIGHT, our best judgment on adopting this Mr. GALLO. Speaker of the House of Representatives, policy or that policy or refusing to Mr. GILMAN. Washington, DC. adopt this posture or that posture, and Mr. CHENEY. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: In compliance with Mr. COURTER. Section 4(a) of Public Law 85-804, enclosed explain that their decision may have a is the calendar year 1987 report on Extraor price tag and may cost them in good Mr. GEKAS. Mr. RAVENEL. dinary Contractual Actions to Facilitate the will, military, and economic aid, and National Defense. may cost them in credibility around units and of the Marine Corps. immediate payment of $4.7 million ConDec ConDec Corporation, headquartered in claims it is owed under contracts for Howit Contingent liabilities ...... Chicago, Illinois, is the parent company of zer carriages; (3) a sole source contract with DLA-Total ...... DCA-Total ...... ConDiesel Mobile Equipment. Four other ConDec to produce a minimum of 2 Howit DMA- Total ...... divisions of ConDec-UCI Industries, Con zer carriages per month for Foreign Mili DNA- Total ...... solidated Controls Corporation, NRM Cor tary Sales; and (4) a committment to assist poration, and Lima Electric Company-have ConDec in its efforts to convince the Navy been sold. Ninety-nine percent of ConDec to make advance payments to ConDec on SECTION B-DEPARTMENT SUMMARY stock is held by the Farley Acquisition Cor the Navy's Spotting Dolly contract. Contractual actions with actual or poten poration, which in turn is owned by William Before forwarding the ConDec request to tial cost of $50,000 or more taken pursuant F. Farley, a prominent businessman. the Contract Adjustment Board, the Troop to Public Law 85- 804 to facilitate the na ConDiesel Mobile Equipment is headquar Support Command (pursuant to FAR tional defense, January-December 1987 tered in Waterbury, Connecticut, with pro 50.305(d)) consulted other agencies identi U.S. Army duction facilities both in Waterbury and in fied by ConDec in its request to ascertain Contingent liabilities Salisbury, Maryland. The bulk of the work whether those agencies considered ConDec done on the Ribbon Bridge contract is per to be "essential to the national defense." Provisions to indemnify contractors formed in the Salisbury facility. While the Naval Air Engineering Center, against liabilities because of claims for In addition to Ribbon Bridges, ConDec the Air Force Warner Robbins Logistics death, injury, or property damage arising produces or is capable of producing, other Center, AMCCOM, and TACOM all recog from nuclear radiation, use of high energy defense equipment. ConDiesel currently nized that the loss of ConDiesel as a suppli propellants, or other risks not covered by manufactures Low Silhouette Shipboard er would have a negative impact on readi the contractor's insurance program were in Aircraft Towing Tractors (Spotting Dollies) ness, none considered ConDec to be essen cluded in 8 contracts Bridges, retaining the older Mobile Assault Total...... 8 50.302-1, "Amendments Without Consider Bridges in some units for a bit longer and Contractor: ConDec Corporation/ConDie ation." Paragraph provides that: refurbishing some older Mobile Assault sel Mobile Equipment Division. "When an actual or threatened loss under Bridges, the Office of the Deputy Chief of Type of action: Amendment Without Con a defense contract, however cause, will Staff for Operations and Plans indicates sideration. impair the productive ability of a contractor that the Army can maintain an acceptable Actual or estimated potential cost: whose continued performance on any de readiness posture pending reprocurement $20,000,000. fense contract or whose continued operation that will be necessary in the event of de Service and activity: U.S. Army Troop as a source of supply is found to be essential fault by ConDec. Marine requirements were Support Command. to the national defense, the contract may be contained entirely in the fourth year of the Description of product or service: Ribbon amended without consideration, but only to contract and readiness impact on the Corps Bridge. the extent necessary to avoid such impair can be minimized or perhaps avoided in a re Background: On May 1, 1987, ConDec Cor ment to the contractor's productive ability." procurement. poration requested Public Law No. 85-804 ConDec Asserts that both its ability to Decision: While the need for Ribbon extraordinary contractual relief from con continue performance on the Ribbon Bridge Bridges is significant, it is not so critical tract number DAA-D01-85-C-B046-the contract and its continued operation as a that the Board should subject the govern United States Army Troop Support Com source of supply for the above-mentioned ment to the cost risk of providing extraordi mand's current contract for production of defense articles are essential to the national nary contractual relief to ConDec. Previous Ribbon Bridges. ConDec, through its sole defense. ConDec identifies a severe cash ConDec business projections have been woe operating division, ConDiesel Mobile Equip flow problem caused by recent losses on this fully inaccurate and the current projections ment, on June 20, 1985, was awarded this and other contracts which threatens Con were viewed as equally suspect. Additional four-year, $30 million contract. Thus far, Diesel's ability to meet its obligations under ly, the Howitzer contract carries the poten ConDiesel has produced quality bridge com the Ribbon Bridge Contract and threatens tial for significant additional negative cash ponents under this contract, and deliveries the very existence of the ConDec corpora flow that has not been revealed to ConDec are ahead of schedule. tion. Therefore, ConDec concludes, extraor by AMCCOM and has not been considered The Ribbon Bridge is a linked series of dinary contractual relief is appropriate in in their cash flow projections or in their re floating aluminum road segments and the United States Force did not modify the contract and, on the contractor's insurance program were in Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. April 18, ABM abandoned the job site. cluded in 20 contracts , which subcon cluded in 2 contracts . its bid. In four separate letters, ABM provid tracting officer on March 2, 1983, the Air Items procured are generally those associat ed the requested verification. Force assessed ABM for excess reprocure ed with nuclear-powered vessels, nuclear ABM had not previously provided mess at ment costs for both the base contract period armed guided missiles, experimental work tendant services. The contracting office de and the option years. Recognizing that the with nuclear energy, handling of explosives, termined, however, that ABM was a finan costs under the SBA's Section 8(a) program or performance in hazardous areas. cially capable, responsible provider of jani are generally higher than costs under unre Contractor: Number of contracts torial services. In order to undertake the stricted competition, the Air Force calculat Avco Systems Textron ...... Little Rock contract, ABM had hired as its ed the excess reprocurement costs for fiscal The Aerojet TechSystems Co ...... General Manager of Food Services an expe year 1984 on the basis of Moore's bid for rienced and highly regarded food service fiscal year 1984, rather than on the actual Total...... 2 expert. The contracting office concluded costs paid to Hamilton. Contractor: Advance Building Mainte that ABM was a responsible bidder, despite After unsuccessfully appealing the con nance Company. its inexperience, because of the newly-hired tracting officer's decision to the ASBCA and Type of action: Correction of Mistake. General Manager's outstanding reputation the Court of Appeals, ABM submitted the Actual or estimated potential cost: for providing quality food services. request for extraordinary contractual relief $578,305. The Air Force awarded the mess attend now before the Board. Service and activity: Little Rock Air Force ant services contract to ABM as the low, re Decision: ABM repudiated and ceased per Base. sponsive bidder and ABM commenced per forming a contract under which it was Description of product or service: Mess At formance on January 1, 1982. Unfortunately losing $25,000 per month. Generally, the Air tendant Services. for ABM, the experienced General Manag Force will not exercise an option on a con Background: In January 1986, Advance er, who had been responsible for preparing tract if a contractor incurs significant losses Building Maintenance Company sub ABM's bid, resigned for health reasons at during the base period. The Air Force Sys mitted to the Air Force a request for ex the end of January. The Air Force was dis tems Command's Supplement to the Feder traordinary contractual relief under P.L. 85- satisfied with ABM's performance and al Acquisition Regulation, for example, pro 804 in connection with contract F03602-82- issued a cure notice on February 12. ABM vides that contracting officers should exer C003. The contract required ABM to pro subsequently hired a new General Manager cise options only if the exercise will not rea vide mess attendant services to Little Rock and improved its performance, but at a cost sonably result in the contractor's financial Air Force Base for the base period January substantially above the estimate upon insolvency. Thus, if ABM had computed the through October 1982, and, at the option of which the former General Manager had base year while incurring a substantial loss, the Air Force, for fiscal years 1983 and 1984. prepared ABM's bid. ABM reported to Air the Air Force probably would not have exer The Air Force terminated the contract for Force officials that it was losing money on cised the option for fiscal year 1983. default in April 1982. In its request for the contract. Evidence in the record sug Moreover, if ABM had continued to per ,. relief, ABM sought payment for losses alleg gests, but does not clearly establish, that form, the .quality of its performance almost edly sustained by ABM before the contract the contracting officer's assistant may have certainly would have declined as ABM at was terminated. In addition, ABM sought to assured ABM that, in light of the substan- tempted to reduce its losses, In that case, 3546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 8, 1988 the Air Force would not have exercised the notification of the Strategic Defense Initia ing calendar year 1987 activities under the option for fiscal year 1983. Significantly, tive Organization decision to exercise the Freedom of Information Act, pursuant to 5 the Air Force refused to exercise options provision for exclusion of the clause con U.S.C. 552(d); to the Committee on Govern with both the contractor that preceded cerning examination of records by the ment Operations. ABM and the contractor that succeeded Comptroller General from a proposed con 3090. A letter from the Secretary, The ABM United Kingdom Government American Battle Monuments Commission, ance. Since both contractors completed the covering the performance of an SDI pro transmitting the annual report covering cal base contract period, the Air Force was not gramme on research of higher operating endar year 1987 of activities under the Free entitled to excess reprocurement costs for temperature infrared detectors, pursuant to dom of Information Act, pursuant to 5 the option years. 10 U.S.C. 2313; to the Committee on U.S.C. 552(d); to the Committee on Govern Where, as here, the Air Force probably Armed Services. ment Operations. would not have exercised the options if the 3079. A letter from the President and 3091. A letter from the Director, U.S. In contractor had completed the base contract Chairman, Export-Import Bank of the formation Agency, transmitting a report of period at a substantial loss or had per United States, transmitting the second the Agency's activities under the Freedom formed poorly, no significant Air Force in report on tied-aid credit which contains a of Information Act during calendar year terest would be furthered by assessing description of any progress achieved in ne 1987, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552; to the excess procurement costs for the option gotiations to establish an international ar Committee on Government Operations. years. Under the circumstances of this case, rangement to restrict use of tied and par 3092. A letter from the Deputy Associate including the untimely illness of a key em tially untied aid credits for commercial pur Director for Collection and Disbursements, ployee and the possibility that an Air Force poses, pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 635i-3(g)(l); to Department of the Interior, transmitting representative may have indicated that the the Committee on Banking, Finance and notice of proposed refunds of excess royalty options would not be exercised, fairness re Urban Affairs. payments in OCS areas, pursuant to 43 quires that ABM be relieved of the excess 3080. A letter from the Chairman, Council U.S.C. 1339; to the Committee on Interi reprocurement costs for the option years. of the District of Columbia, transmitting a or and Insular Affairs. Granting this relief will facilitate the na copy of D.C. Act 7-146, "Closing of Public 3093. A letter from the Acting Comptrol tional defense by demonstrating that the Alleys in Square 677, S.O. 87-95, Act of ler General, General Accounting Office, Government will deal fairly with defense 1988," and Report, pursuant to D.C. Code transmitting the General Accounting Office contractors. section l-233(c){l); to the Committee on the report and recommendations concerning the It is the decision of the Board that ABM District of Columbia. claim of Mr. William D. Morger to be reim be relieved of the excess reprocurement 3081. A letter from the Chairman, Council bursed normal relocation expenses, pursu costs assessed for the option years of Con of the District of Columbia, transmitting a ant to 31 U.S.C. 3702; to the Committee tract F03602-82-C003. The Board hereby copy of D.C. Act 7-147, "Dedication and on the Judiciary. authorizes and directs the contracting offi Designation of Patricia Roberts Harris 3094. A letter from the Executive Assist cer to take such action as is necessary to im Drive, N.E., S.O. 85-189, and Street Naming ant, Personnel Appeals Board, transmitting plement relief consistent with this Memo Amendment Act of 1988," and report, pursu the Board's annual report for the period Oc randum. ant to D.C. Code section l-233(c)(l); to the tober 1, 1986, through September 30, 1987; Committee on the District of Columbia. to the Committee on Post Office and Civil 3082. A letter from the Secretary of Edu Service. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, cation, transmitting a copy of notice of final 3095. A letter from the Commissioner, ETC. funding priorities for technology, education General Services Administration, transmit al media, and materials for the Handicapped Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu ting an interim report on the evaluation of a Program, pursuant to 20 U.S.C. 1232(d)(l); 16-acre site owned by the International tive communications were taken from to the Committee on Education and Labor. Center of San Diego, located east of the the Speaker's table and referred as fol 3083. A letter from the Secretary of Edu Otay Mesa border station; update expected lows: cation, transmitting a copy of final regula tions for removal of architectural barriers within 45 days; to the Committee on Public 3074. A letter from the Assistant Secre to the Handicapped Program, pursuant to Works and Transportation. tary for Health, Department of HHS; Assist 3096. A letter from the Secretary of 20 U.S.C. 1232(d)( 1); to the Committee on ant Secretary for Science and Education, Education and Labor. Energy, transmitting the Department's 11th Department of Agriculture, transmitting a 3084. A letter from the Secretary of Edu annual report for fiscal year 1987 of the ac fifth progress report on the human nutri cation, transmitting a copy of final regula tivities under the Electric and Hybrid Vehi tion research and information management tions for technology, educational media, and cle Research, Development, and Demonstra system, covering the period July 1986 materials for the Handicapped Program, tion Act of 1976, pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 2513; through June 1987, pursuant to Public Law pursuant to 20 U.S.C. 1232(d)(l); to the to the Committee on Science, Space, and 97-98, section 1427; to the Committee on Ag Committee on Education and Labor. Technology. riculture. 3085. A letter from the Secretary of 3097. A letter from the Secretary of 3075. A letter from the Assistant Secre Energy, transmitting a report which com Health and Human Services, transmitting tary ; Fisheries and Public Works and Transporta Committee on Armed Services. to the Committee on Government Oper tion. 3078. A letter from the Deputy Assistant ations. 3101. A letter from the Chief of Staff, De Secretary Intelligence was misused. The hearings were held because in the Too often intelligence estimates were used course of the conduct of the Government's but the open hearings contributed to the public understanding of these events and as a tool to make policy look good rather business something went seriously wrong. than as a tool for making good policy. The Two policies led to the inquiry: The arms the workings of our system of government. We examined over 300,000 pages of docu Secretary of State testified that he did not sales to Iran and the diversion of funds trust the intelligence that he received with from those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras. ments, more than 500 witnesses. We held 41 days of public hearings. respect to these events. The first began with a document the Presi (5) There was too much reliance on pri dent forgot and the second began without Extremely complex facts had to be ana his knowledge. lyzed in testimony drawn out of the wit vate citizens and foreign governments to nesses who were often uncooperative. Be carry out American policy. The President's decision to sell arms se The NSC staff turned to private parties c~etly to Iran contradicted the long held, cause the task of the Committees was to Widely supported public policies of the inform rather than prosecute, strict court and third countries to do the government's United· States to make no concessions to ter room rules of evidence did not apply. Wit business. Sensitive negotiations were con rorists, to remain neutral in the Persian nesses could be forced to testify if granted ducted by parties with little experience in limited immunity and they could consult diplomacy and a financial interest of their Gulf war, and to stop the flow of arms to own. General Secord and Albert Hakim took Ira~. By selling arms to a nation officially lawyers before answering questions. designated by our government as a terrorist Since the witnesses were reluctant, adver $4% million in commission and used $2.2 state, major damage was done to U.S. credi sarial, inconsistent and often could not million for their personal benefit. . bility. Because of these policies, President recall significant events, pointed, tough, The solicitation of foreign funds by an ad Reagan was catapulted into the most seri probing questions were necessary. ministration to pursue foreign policy goals ous policy crisis of his presidency. Doing all of this in a public form rather rejected by the Congress is dangerous and The basic problem was that we were tell than behind closed doors let Americans improper. Such solicitations creates a risk ing all the world that we were doing one decide for themselves if the investigation that the foreign country will expect and thing, when in fact we were secretly doing was fair and thorough. There is no better demand something in return. When there is something else. way than television to present all of this to a quid, there is a quo. Our public policy was to remain neutral in the people of America. Moreover, under the Constitution only the war. Our secret policy was to sell arms the Congress can provide funds for the ex IV. WHAT THEN WERE THE MAJOR CONCLUSIONS ecutive branch. The power of the purse is to Iran. OF THE HEARINGS? Our public policy was not to make any one of the principle checks on the executive concessions for the release of hostages. Our <1) The Committees found no smoking action. It is designed among other things to secret policy was to trade weapons to get gun evidence that President Reagan was in prevent the executive from involving this the hostages back. volved in wrong doing, such as engaging in a country unilaterally in a foreign conflict. Our public policy was to ban arms ship cover up for approving the diversion of arms The Constitution does not prohibit the ments to Iran and to exhort our allies to ob sales money to the Contras. They did show President from asking a foreign state, or serve the embargo. Our secret policy was to that he allowed his aides to carry out secret anyone else, to contribute funds to a third sell sophisticated missiles to Iran and to policies with little supervision. party. But it does prohibit such solicitation promise more. <2> The Committees found there was too where the United States exercises control Our public policy was to urge all states to little accountability for decisions and ac over the receipt and expenditure. By cir punish terrorism. Our secret policy was to tions taken in the name of elected officials. cumventing Congress' power of the purse reward terrorism by selling them the arms A small number of officials made policy out through third-country and private contribu they wanted. side the democratic process. tions to the Contras, the administration un Our public policy was to observe the letter <3> Admiral Poindexter said, "The buck dermined a cardinal principle of the Consti and the spirit of the Boland Amendment stops with me." tution. which prescribed military assistance to the There was too much secrecy and decep (6) Covert actions were mis-used. Contras. Our secret policy was to fund the tion in government. Covert actions should always be used to Contras' military effort. The common ingredients of the Iran/ supplement, not to contradict our foreign Our public policy was to conduct covert Contra policies were secrecy, deception and policy. They should not be used to impose a operations solely through the CIA. Our disdain for the law. ' foreign policy that the American people do secret policy was to permit the NSC staff to These officials told neither the Secretary not support. They should be conducted in become an operational agency and to use of State, the Congress, nor the American accordance with strict rules of accountabil private, non-accountable agents to conduct people of their actions. ity and oversight. covert activities concealed from the Con When their exposure was threatened, It is unwise to rely on covert actions as gress. they destroyed official documents and lied the core of our policy. But it was precisely The hearings were held because we sought to Cabinet officials, to the public, and to the because the public would not support the to discover how these events happened and elected representatives in Congress. They Contra policy and was unlikely to favor the how they could be prevented. even withheld key facts from the President. arms deal with Iran that the National Secu Crucial information was withheld from rity Council went underground. II. WHAT WERE THE CENTRAL ISSUES OF THE the Congress, from important allies, and <7> Throughout Iran/Contra there was HEARINGS? from the American people. The Secretaries shown a disdain for the Congress. The central question before the Select of Defense and State and even the President Officials holding no elected office repeat Committees-at least for me-was, "Can our were not informed of major foreign policy edly evidenced disrespect for Congress' ef-
• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 forts to perform its constitutional oversight There is no evidence that the Vice Presi without informing the Congress as Admiral role in foreign policy. dent was aware of the diversion. He attend Poindexter did. Admiral Poindexter testified, "I simply ed several meetings on the Iran initiative Unresolved questions remain. We don't did not want any outside interference." but none of the participants could recall his know what happened to all the money. We Elliott Abrams acknowledged in his testi views. don't know why the President agreed to sell mony that unless Members of Congress One of his advisors was told about the ac arms to Iran. We don't know what created asked "exactly the right question using ex tivities of Col. North but he testified that the climate in the White House that led actly the right words they weren't going to he did not consider these facts worthy of aides to believe secrecy and short cuts were get the right answers." the Vice President's attention. permitted. We don't know exactly what the Numerous other officials made false state Of course the central question is the role role of the CIA director was. We do not ments to and misled the Congress. of the President. know the extent of third country involve In a system of shared powers decision As it stands the President has publicly ment. We did not resolve all the contradic making requires mutual respect between the stated that he did not know of the diversion. tions in the testimony. branches of government. We were reminded Admiral Poindexter said that he shielded Keep in mind that the independent coun during the hearings that "trust is the coin the President from knowledge of the diver sel is deciding whether criminal action of the realm." sion. Col. North said that he never told the should be brought against any of the par <8> Throughout the hearings that was a President but he assumed the President ticipants. disdain for law. knew. The covert program of support for the Nevertheless, the ultimate responsibility VII. WHAT DID THE COMMITTEES RECOMMEND? Contras evaded the Constitution's most sig for the events of Iran/Contra must rest Although the Committee made some legis nificant check on executive power that the with the President. If he did not know what lative recommendations, my sense is that President could spend funds on a program his national security advisors were doing, he the solution to the problem revealed in the only if he could convince Congress to appro should have. hearings lie less in new structures or new priate the money. The Constitution requires the President laws than in proper attitudes. Some recom The covert program of support for the to take care that the laws be faithfully exe mendations were made, but the Committees Contras was an evasion of the letter and cuted. This charge encompasses a responsi did not design their work to develop legisla spirit of the Boland Amendment. The covert bility to leave the members of his adminis tion. operations were required to be disclosed to tration in no doubt that the rule of law gov The lessons of the Iran/Contra affair are the Intelligence Committees but no disclo erns. basic ones. Fundamentally, what we have to sure was made. He has the responsibility to communicate do is to return to the constitutional and tra False statements to the Congress are felo unambiguously to his subordinates that ditional ways of making decisions. Officials nies if made with knowledge and intent. they must keep him advised of important must observe constitutional principles. Gov Covert actions were carried out without a actions that they take. ernment policy should not be kept secret. personal determination by the President, His advisors disregarded the Boland Laws should be obeyed. Public officials without a written finding as required by Amendment, several statutes, several execu should be honest. Congress and the Presi law. tive orders. They lied, they shredded docu dent must work together in an atmosphere The President did not make a disclosure ments, they covered up their actions. All of of mutual respect and trust. to the Intelligence Committees of findings these facts are on the public record. These It is time to put the Iran/Contra affair as required by law. actions do not comport with the notion of a behind us, but not its lessons. The Committees made no determination country guided by the rule of law. The as to whether any particular individual in President of the United States has yet to volved in the Iran/Contra affair acted with condemn their conduct. VOTING RECORD criminal intent or is guilty of a crime. That The President told the American public a is a matter for the independent counsel and number of things that were simply wrong. the courts. The Committees do reject any He said the U.S. government had no connec HON. MORRIS K. UDALL notion that worthy ends justify violation of tion with the Hasenfus airplane. He said the OF ARIZONA the law by government officials. There is no early reports of arms sales for hostages had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place in government for law breakers. no foundation. He said the United States V. THE KEY QUESTION OF COURSE IS WHO IS had not traded arms for hostages. He said Tuesday, March 8, 1988 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IRAN/CONTRA AFFAIR? the United States had not condoned the Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, it has become my arms sales by Israel to Iran when in fact he At the operational level the central figure practice from time to time to list my votes in was clearly Lt. Col. North. He coordinated had approved them and signed a finding. All of these statements by the President were the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I strongly be all the activities. He was involved in all as lieve that the people of the Second Congres pects of the operation. But he did not act wrong. alone. In my view, whether the President knew sional District of Arizona have a right to know He had the express approval of Admiral of the diversion is not conclusive on the where I stand on the issues decided by this John Poindexter as the National Security issue of his responsibility. The President body, and I have found that printing my record Advisor. He at least had the tacit approval created, or at least tolerated, an environ here is the best way to provide that informa of Robert McFarlane, the former National ment where those who did not know of the tion. Security Advisor. diversion believed with certainty that they were carrying out the President's policies. This is not an all-inclusive list. I have omit The late Director of Central Intelligence, ted noncontroversial votes such as quorum VII. WHAT DID THE HEARINGS ACCOMPLISH? William Casey, encouraged North, gave him calls, motions to resolve into the Committee direction, promoted the concept of an extra I view the hearings as an essential part of of the Whole House, and motions to approve legal covert organization. Casey insulated the sell-cleansing process of our system of CIA courier employees from knowledge of government. the Journal of the previous day. what he and the NSC staff were doing. It Because of the hearings we see more clear The descriptions are necessarily somewhat was Casey who brought in General Secord ly what happened, and what needs to be short, and I am sure that some of my constitu into the secret operation. done to make our system work better. I ents will have additional questions about the But of course we are mindful of the fact hope the hearings helped restore public issues described here. So I invite them to that the evidence concerning Casey comes confidence in the Constitution and in the write me for more specifics. almost solely from North. We were not able process of government. The votes are described as follows: to contact Director Casey directly before his I am encouraged by the several steps the death. President has taken, including changing KEY The Attorney General conducted a fact White House personnel, prohibiting Nation 1. Rollcall Number; finding inquiry. That inquiry departed from al Security Council members from under 2. Number of the bill or resolution; standard investigation techniques. For ex taking covert actions, and promising to 3. Title of the bill or resolution; ample, he saw Director Casey hours after report covert actions to the Congress 4. A description of the vote; the Attorney General learned of the diver promptly. 5. The outcome of the vote; sion memorandum yet he never asked Casey I believe that the hearings will have a 6. The vote total; about the diversion. He did not ask Poin lasting impact on the decision making proc 7. My vote, in the form Y=yes, N=no, and dexter what the President knew. He waited ess. I think they will act as a deterrent to NV =not voting; for too long a period to seal Col. North's of short cutting the system. My guess is that it 8. The vote totals of the Arizona delega fices. And these lapses place a cloud over will be a long time before the National Secu tion (yes-no-not voting); the Attorney General's investigation. rity Advisor makes a foreign policy decision 9. The date. March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3551 251. HR 2782. National Aeronautics and Johnson, R-Conn., amendment to reduce by 2470 be replaced with text of HR 2941, a Space Administration Authorization, Fiscal 2 percent all amounts made available by the compromise package of the versions of HR 1988-Administrator Qualifications. Smith, bill and not otherwise required by law. 2470 reported by the Ways and Means and R-N.H., amendment to delete language Adopted 218-166:N(4-1-0>, July 13, 1987. Energy and Commerce Committees. Adopt specifying that the NASA administrator and 264. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria ed 248-174:Y, July 9, 1987. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings anti-deficit law, 280. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur 254. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria PL 99-177>. Adopted 260-150:Y<2-3-0), July ance Bill-Motion to recommit. Crane, R tions, Fiscal 1988-Rule. Adoption of the 14, 1987. Ill., motion to recommit to the Ways and rule to provide for House floor 268. HR 2906. Military Construction Ap Means Committee the bill with instructions consideration of the bill to make appropria propriations, Fiscal 1988-Across the Board to determine the impact of potential costs tions for the Department of Transportation Cut. Rhodes, R-Ariz., amendment to reduce on the bill's prescription-drug program for and related agencies in fiscal 1988. The rule all appropriations in the bill by 0.9 percent. drugs to fight the disease AIDS. Motion re would waive points of order against the bill Rejected 140-281:Y<3-2-0>. July 14, 1987. jected 187-244:N<4-1-0>. July 22, 1987. for failure to comply with the new spending 269. HR 2906. Military Construction Ap 281. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur authority limitation contained in the 1985 propriations, Fiscal 1988-Passage. Passage ance Bill-Passage. Passage of the bill to Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit of the bill to appropriate $8,079,000,000 for protect Medicare beneficiaries from cata Control Act . Adopted 266-148:Y, July 28, 1987. tions, Fiscal 1988-Demonstration Projects. tions, Fiscal 1988 Across the Board Cut. 286. HR 618. Displaced Salvadorans and McMillan, R-N.C., amendment to cut $20.4 Stenholm, D-Texas, amendment to impose a Nicaraguans-Passage. Passage of the bill to million in funding in the bill for five high 4.74 percent across the board cut for all dis require the U.S. Government to suspend the way demonstration projects funded from cretionary spending, amounting to an esti deportation for about two years of Salvador the general fund rather than the Highway mated $420 million reduction in spending. ans and Nicaraguans who have entered the Trust Fund. Rejected 177-217:N<4-1-0), July Rejected 207-210:N(4-1-0), July 15, 1987. United States illegally. They would be re 13, 1987. 275. HR 2907. Treasury Postal Appropria quired to return to their native countries 261. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria tions, Fiscal 1988-Passage. Passage of the when conditions at home improve and tions, Fiscal 1988-Amtrak. McMillan, R bill to provide $15,385,529,000 for the Treas would be barred from most forms of federal N.C., amendment to reduce the bill's fund ury Department, the U.S. Postal Serivce, assistance while they are in the United ing for the Amtrak national passenger rail the Executive Office of the President and States. Passed 237-181:Y, July 28, road from $614 million to $594.8 million, the certain independent agencies. The President 1987. current level of funding. Rejected 171- had requested $14,605,851,000 for these de 287. HR 3022. Temporary Debt Limit In 221:N<4-1-0), July 13, 1987. partments and agencies. Passed 254- crease-Rule. Adoption of the rule (H Res 262. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria 158:Y<2-3-0>, July 15, 1987. 233) to provide for House floor consider tions, Fiscal 1988-Across the Board Cut. 276. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur ation of the bill to increase temporarily the Penny, D-Minn., amendment to reduce by ance Bill-Rule. Adoption of the rule to provide for House floor consid $2.111 trillion, through Aug. 6, 1987. After the bill and not otherwise required by law. eration of the bill to protect Medicare bene that deadline the limit would revert to Rejected 189-198:N<4-1-0), July 13, 1987. ficiaries from catastrophic health care costs $2.111 trillion if no further action were 263. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria and to otherwise expand the program. The taken. Adopted 243-169:Y and the Home Loan Bank system, providing loans for ital. American Battle Monuments Commission the acquiring entity, and indemnification Unlike many of the nation's problem is amended by into the thrift. When the two parties failed that he isn't involved in the talk between Ford and the Bank Board. adding at the end thereof the following new to consummate that improbable marriage, subsection: BFF embarked on a search for another The industry officials said that Ford's big thrift unit, First Nationwide Bank, is trying (C) $200,000,000 LIMITATION.- buyer as losses mounted. "(!) IN GENERAL.-Notwithstanding subsec If the search for capital didn't provide a to devise a method of guaranteeing the FSLIC payments that is acceptable to both tion or any other provision of law, gross clue to BFF's dwindling net worth, then income of a domestic building and loan asso other tell-tale signs should have. According Ford and the Bank Board. Discussions be tween Ford and the Bank Board, which ciation shall include the amount of FSLIC to a rating of thrift institutions by IDC Fi assistance received by such association to nancial Publishing Inc., published quarterly were suspended over the Christmas and New Year's holidays, resumed this week, the the extent that the amount of such assist by The Baltimore Sun, BFF's net worth was ance exceeds $200,000,000 reduced by the less than the required 3 percent of assets at officals said. Because the cost of closing or merging sev amount of any such assistance previously least three years ago. Its net income as a received by such association. percent of assets in 1985 was a minus .50 eral hundred insolvent thrifts is estimated at as much as $50 billion, many thrift execu "(2) FSLIC ASSISTANCE.-For purposes of and the rating for each quarter of that year paragraph (1), the term 'FSLIC assistance' was below average. According to IDC's most tives believe the FSLIC might be merged into the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. or means the amount of money received tober, BFF's net worth was still below the restructured during the next decade. Ford is concerned that in such a merger or restruc under the circwnstances referred to in sub required 3 percent level and its ratings in section ." each of the previous four quarters were in turing, payments to large companies like Ford might not get the same kind of guar (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendment ranges that warranted "financial concern." made by subsection shall apply to Little wonder then that The Sun in a antees that retail depositors would receive. Another potential problem for Ford is amounts received after December 31, 1987, recent editorial asserted that BFF's "crum in taxable years ending after such date. bling condition has been known for several that the FSLIC was declared insolvent last years." The fact that the condition was al year by its auditor, the government's Gener SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON SPECIAL TREATMENT OF FI lowed to continue for as long as it did sug al Accounting Office. Industry officials have NANCIAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER SEC gests that other dandelions have germinat said that it is unclear how Ford's outside TION 382. ed in the environment in which BFF's prob auditors would treat promised future pay (a) GENERAL RULE.-Subparagraph (F) of lems grew. ments from the FSLIC in view of the GAO's section 382<1><5> of the Internal Revenue ruling. Code of 1986 passed the House last year. enjoy. The state of Washington challenged a Leonard Weiss, staff director of the The greatest legacy that Johnny has left to Navy interpretation of the Hatch Act yes Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, us is an English/Siovak hymnal which is used terday in federal court in Tacoma, claiming said the Senate is likely to approve Hatch at all services in St. Matthias. Years of re that an effort to prohibit federal workers Act revisions this year, "but it will not be the House bill, it will be more restrictive." search went into locating every possible from speaking at tonight's presidential party caucuses represents an unconstitu Weiss said that the Puget Sound situation hymn, even those that have been handed points up the "irrationality" of some of the down through generations orally and had not tional violation of federal workers' rights to free speech. current Hatch Act provisions. "That kind of yet been written down. He translated into Eng The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard base activity ought to be allowed." lish many of the Slovak hymns so the younger newspaper. The Salute, announced in a generations could sing them and still enjoy front-page article that employees of the melodies that originated in Slovakia. All of this shipyard could attend party caucuses, but SANDINISTA POLITICAL extensive research and labor resulted in a could not speak. The newspaper cited a REPRESSION priceless hard-bound hymnal for all future Hatch Act regulation prohibiting an individ generations to enjoy. ual from "addressing a convention, caucus, rally or similar gathering of a political party HON. DICK CHENEY It is hard to find anyone who gave so much in support of or in opposition to a partisan with such unselfish dedication. I wish him well candidate for public office." OF WYOMING in his retirement. Mr. Speaker, it is indeed a The shipyard employs 11,500 civilians and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great honor to pay tribute to such an out 5,500 military personnel in Bremerton, standing citizen like Mr. Johnny Olenik. Wash., a town of about 35,000. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 "This could have potentially a very drastic effect on our county," said James E. Som Mr. CHENEY. Mr. Speaker, I want to bring WASHINGTON STATE merhauser, representing Professional and to the attention of my colleagues and the CHALLENGES HATCH ACT Technical Engineers Local 12 in Bremerton. public an article which appeared in the Wash "Potentially a whole lot of people will just ington Post today. This article documents, in HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY give up on the caucuses and not go. disturbing detail, the use by the Sandinista "Before this rule came down, everybody government of turbas, or mobs, to attack the OF MISSOURI just went out and blatantly violated it," he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said. "It was always clear that you couldn't political opposition in Nicaragua and those Tuesday, March 8, 1988 be a delegate, but nobody knew this." who support it. It is already well-known and "This is not a Navy decision," said a Navy well-documented that the Sandinista govern Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, an article in today's spokesman. "We have to comply with the ment has engaged in the suppression of reli Washington Post addresses the continuing letter of the law." gious freedom in Nicaragua. Here is convinc gag order imposed on Federal civilian employ The government's independent Office of ing evidence, from a neutral eyewitness, of Special Counsel, which enforces the Hatch ees by the 1939 Hatch Act. systematic political repression. Those familiar The State of Washington yesterday filed a Act, said the rule is nothing new. "This is with history will be aware that tactics similar to suit in Federal court challenging the Navy De exactly what I read in the law," said Office of Special Counsel spokeswoman Laura those of the Sandinistas were used by the Na partment's interpretation of the Hatch Act to Baumgaertner. "I don't know who gave prohibit 11,500 civilian employees of the tional Socialist Movement, or Nazis, during them the impression it was anything differ Hitler's rise to power in Germany. I find it Puget Sound Naval Shipyard from speaking at ent." tonight's party caucuses to select Presidential Kitsap County Democratic Chairman almost too ironic for words that a government candidates. In a town of 35,000, prohibiting Richard McCool, a retired Navy captain, whose political tactics are beneath contempt one-third of the town's citizens from actively said, "I do know several people who are can be considered credible when it promises participating in expressing their inherent first active locally who will not speak out in to democratize or that it can be considered amendment right of free speech is sheer order to protect their jobs but they will see deserving of support by those in the United that their views are made known by some States who claim they are friends of political lunacy. body else." Both Democratic and Republican Party County Republican Chairman Harold and economic freedom and justice. The article chairmen are quoted in highlighting the chilling Reynolds said he had received a large follows: 3556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 NICARAGUA REVIVES GANG TACTICS TO BLOCK clubs that had been issued beforehand, ty and democratic government, our nation OPPOSITION some bearing Sandinista flags. cannot long endure compromise measures At one point, one group of turbas discov engendered by our government's failure to ered some opposition demonstrators hiding place principle above partisan politics. Nor MANAGUA, NICARAGUA, March 7.-The San in a Catholic church on a sidestreet and can we be reluctant to act on the ideals on dinista party newspaper Barricada today de banged on the door with their sticks. which the United States was founded. scribed yesterday's street clashes in the city Their leader, a Sandinista youth member, Yet, that is exactly what the world wit of Masaya between progovernment and op spoke briefly with a priest who had come to nessed on February 3, 1988, when a simple position followers as "a true popular upris a window. The leader issued an order to majority of the House of Representatives ing against the right wing." leave the church alone, and the banging voted against the President's request for aid But many Masaya citizens put it different quickly ceased. to the Nicaraguan Resistance. The Ameri ly. "The turbas are back," one said. Recently two American diplomats got a can Legion urged its passage as the only The turbas, Spanish for "mob," are the ci small taste of turba-style tactics. prudent means to ensure Sandinista compli vilian shock troops of the eight-year-old Sent by the U.S. Embassy to observe a ance with the Central American Peace Plan, Sandinista revolution. Drawn from the most major Sandinista rally Feb. 26 in Managua, and as this hemisphere's best prospect for dedicated ranks of the ruling Sandinista Na they were watching an Interior Ministry freedom and democracy in all of Central tional Liberation Front . the club contingent file into a plaza when one offi America. carrying gangs include schoolboys, Army cial in the ranks spotted them and shouted, The vote against the request was a thinly veterans, feminists, factory workers, even el "Those men from the American embassy!" veiled showdown of power designed to usurp derly mothers who have lost sons in the war Moments later, the Interior Ministry the President's rightful place as the author against the contra rebels. They were out in group broke ranks, surrounded the diplo of foreign policy. Even as that drama un force in Masaya yesterday. mats and lifted one of them bodily off the folded, key members of the House an The Sandinista party sends turbas to ground, knocking off his glasses and rough nounced that they would develop an alter harass, intimidate and overwhelm its nu ing him up slightly while chanting anti native aid package. merically smaller political opposition by American slogans. Then they suddenly put Though some details of that compromise painting progovernment graffiti, shouting him down, fell back in line and marched on. package were announced only yesterday, slogans, throwing stones and swinging The Interior Ministry is in charge of polit you must cast your vote tomorrow. While sticks. Though Nicaraguans are rarely killed ical security and is believed to be, along with the Sandinista party, in charge of the we deplore such political manipulation of in turba attacks, many have been hurt. men and women who are now risking their The turbas emerged in late 1980. For four turbas. lives to bring freedom to Nicaragua, we are years they acted frequently against right-of Nicaraguans who turn out for turba ac tions are dedicated to the FSLN. Many are heartened that this vital issue has not yet center political parties and churches associ been finally decided. ated with the conservative Roman Catholic from the poorest families and have been close to the Marxist party since the mid- We have communicated to you our posi leader, Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. tion, representing the collective voice of After the 1984 elections in which Sandinista 1970s, when young, bearded Sandinista revo lutionaries were widely regarded as heroes four million veterans and their families; we President Daniel Ortega was elected, strict support both military and humanitarian aid state-of-emergency laws were enforced, and in the fight against the unpopular Somoza. activity by the turbas subsided. Yesterday, Ramon Gomez, a 36-year-old to the Nicaraguan Resistance as the only Ortega lifted the emergency in January to shoemaker and Sandinista loyalist, was car proven means of compelling democratic comply with a regional peace plan, but since rying a poster of a widely distributed photo reform in Nicaragua; and we support the then the FSLN has begun mobilizing its graph taken of him in Masaya in 1978 wear continuation of economic aid to and trade militants again to maintain a measure of po ing a mask and clutching a contact bomb, with the emerging democracies of Central litical control. fighting alongside the Sandinistas. "This is America. This element of a Central Ameri Masaya, located 20 miles south of Mana why I'm here today, repudiating the right can policy was set forth in the Jackson gua, strongly supported the Sandinistas in wing," Gomez said proudly, pointing at the Plan, a foreign policy initiative approved by their 1978-79 armed insurrection against picture. But their devotion has also bred in a large majority of the House of Represent dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Now, tolerance and frequently spawns blanket atives. Masaya is known for its strong opposition to condemnation of the opposition as being Any compromise measure is ill-advised in the Sandinista military draft and its eco CIA-backed. the face of overwhelming evidence of the nomic programs. Oppostion leaders said today that 27 per nature and intentions of the Sandinista The opposition, particularly in Masaya, sons were injured yesterday and 11 have not regime. Such waffling measures will come has street fighters as well, and opposition returned to their homes. A prominent back to haunt us in months to come; howev protesters also threw rocks yesterday. leader of the moderate Social Christian er, if this is the course you will set our gov The FSLN is the only party with trained, Party, Erick Ramirez, was dragged into the ernment on, it is imperative that the follow disciplined gangs who follow orders from street from a house where he was hiding by ing provisions be included in any humani higher officials. The turbas usually do not Sandinistas who tore off his shirt and hit tarian legislation worthy of serious consid act without approval from some official at him, his party said. eration: the highest level of the party and govern Humanitarian aid must be of sufficient ment. amount to actually meet the needs of the Normally the party recruits its gangs from THE AMERICAN LEGION Nicaraguan Resistance, and that amount unions, block committees and Sandinista SUPPORTS CONTRA AID should not be determined by political expe youth groups the day before an event and diency. issues precise instructions about the slogans HON. BOB McEWEN Such aid must be delivered in a reliable to be used and actions to be taken, rank and verifiable manner under the direct su OF OHIO and-file Sandinistas said in interviews. pervision of the U.S. Government, and not They are often advised not to say that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under the auspices of any non-governmental they are closely affiliated with the FSLN, Tuesday, March 8, 1988 entity. but to describe themselves as spontaneous Military aid, which has already been ap demonstrators from "the people." Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I would like to proved by both the House and Senate, must In Masaya, Federico Lopez, the FSLN take this opportunity to place in the RECORD a continue in the pipeline without diminution party chief and in practice the governor of letter I received this week which, I feel, offers and in accordance with the provisions of the the Masaya region, led several hundred San a very interesting viewpoint regarding whether previous appropriations authorized by Con dinistas on a chase after about 800 opposi or not the United States should adequately aid gress. tion demonstrators, who had gathered for a the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance. I sin More importantly, Congress must now de Women's Day march. cerely hope that my fellow colleagues take velop, and incorporate into this legislation, In a midday speech to about 3,000 excited note of this letter sent to me by the American criteria by which to measure Sandinista Sandinistas, Lopez first invited them to compliance with the Central American "confiscate" a movie theatre where the op Legion's National Commander, John P. Peace Plan. That criteria must include, position rally had started. The crowd began "Jake" Comer, who represents the collective among other provisions, that the Sandinis breaking chairs in the theater, but Lopez voices of roughly 4 million veterans. tas permit opposition parties to meet and changed his mind, and the crowd quickly THE AMERICAN LEGION, organize, guarantees of full freedom of the obeyed his orders to stop. Washington, DC, February 24, 1988. press, actual enactment of a cease-fire, am Several hundred Sandinista men arrived DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: When contending nesty for the Contras and the freeing of all at their party's rally yesterday with wooden with formidable enemies of individual liber- political prisoners. March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3557 Moreover, it is imperative that Congress She had served as academic dean from REPRESENTATIVE BONIOR TO agree upon and strictly enforce a reasonable 1927 until her retirement in 1969. For 10 RECEIVE NATIONAL CONSER deadline for such progress. If it finds that years after her retirement she remained at VATION AWARD the Sandinistas have not complied with the college as dean emeritus working on the these criteria, then it is the duty of the history of the college from 1945 to 1970. United States Government to immediately In 1978 Sister Clement was honored by HON. MORRIS K. UDALL reconsider appropriations for renewed mili OF ARIZONA tary and continuing humanitarian aid to the the college with a service medal for 61 years Nicaraguan Resistance. of continuous service to the institution and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to higher education. A book of essays, "In In this widely supported militia of free Tuesday, March 8, 1988 dom fighters, America has an ally in spirit. Words Commemorated," prepared during That ally is undoubtedly the Western Hemi the college's centennial year, was dedicated Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sphere's best hope for peace in Central to her in 1982. inform the membership that the chief deputy America. If we, by our neglect or indiffer Faculty, alumni and students were in con majority whip of the House of Representa ence, cause the Nicaraguan Resistance to stant amazement at Sister Clement's tives, DAVID E. BONIOR of Michigan, will this disband, it will eventually fall upon our own memory. Twenty years or more after a stu young men and women to fill the void they month receive the National Wildlife Federa leave. dent left Incarnate Word she not only could tion's 1987 National Conservation Achieve And if that should happen, the responsi remember the student's name and major ment Award in the legislative category. This bility will fall squarely on the shoulders of field but often followed the person's career award is given in recognition of distinguished those Members of Congress who knew their and marriage · and even knew the names of service and dedication to the environment and duty but refused to do it. children born to the student. to the conservation of our wildlife, land, water You must not let it happen. The opportu Sister Clement was proud to be a Texan and air. nity to avoid it lies clearly within your and in her final years at St. Joseph's Con It is my pleasure to support DAVID'S nomi grasp. This vote is your first opportunity to vent, had two strong loves-the college and place our Nation back on the proper course nation for this award. He has repeatedly come the Dallas Cowboys. She supported both to the service of the conservation community toward a sound foreign policy for Central with equal fervor. America. and has been instrumental in shaping our Na Sincerely, Even in her final days in intensive care, tion's public policy to account for the needs of JOHN P. "JAKE" COMER, she would encourage the nurses to attend our environment and natural resources. I have National Commander. the college and spoke of what academic pro had the great honor of receiving this award in grams it had to offer. the past and I am very pleased that DAVID In her first year as academic dean, the col BONIOR'S name will be added to the list of re A TRIBUTE TO SISTER CLEMENT lege had one building and a senior class of EAGAN cipients. eight students. She worked with the first For the information of my colleagues, I am president, the late Bishop Mariano S. Gar inserting into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an riga, and his successor, the late Mother Co HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ article on his receipt of this award that ap OF TEXAS lumkille Colbert. peared in the Macomb Daily, a local newspa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mother Colbert frequently referred to per in DAVID's district. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 Sister Clement as "a wonder" for her end less energy and lifelong memory of details. BONIOR TO RECEIVE NATIONAL CONSERVATION Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, it is with AWARD great sadness that I rise today to pay tribute A resident building on the campus, com and aerosol products but did not curtail other gan United Conservation Clubs. David F. Durenberger said Con uses. "I look on our water, land and air as a gress dropped efforts to regulate CFCs in Last year, spurred in part by the antarctic future-type issue," he said. "These things the early 1970s because of Du Pont's assur findings, the United States joined other na are gifts given to us and we have an obliga ances that it would stop producing the com tions in signing an international pact to tion to pass them on to our children." pounds if there were "creditable scientific reduce CFC use by 50 percent in the next evidence" of a health threat. decade. "We believe the time has arrived for the The pact opens the way for additional Du Pont corporation to fulfill that pledge," cuts that may be deemed necessary but has CONGRESS SHOULD HELP DU the senators said. been criticized by environmental groups and PONT KEEP ITS PROMISE ON In a response yesterday, Heckert called some scientists as inadequate. CFC'S the request "unwarranted and counterpro ductive" and said no scientific evidence sug gests that CFCs should be dramatically re PLEA FOR SAFE RELEASE OF HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK duced. AMERICAN HELD BY CONTRAS OF CALIFORNIA "A precipitous reduction in CFC supplies would be both unnecessary and highly dis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ruptive," Heckert wrote. He said that the HON. TONY COELHO OF CALIFORNIA Tuesday, March 8, 1988 company stands by its commitment, but that "there is no agreement within the sci IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, fake corporate ig entific community on the potential health Tuesday, March 8, 1988 norance of scientific evidence is not a new effects of any already observed ozone phenomena. Tobacco companies for decades change." Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, I am disturbed have been maintaining smoking does not Du Pont invented CFCs in the early 1930s over the latest action by the Contra fighters in and is the world's leading supplier of the Nicaragua who last week captured and who cause cancer. The latest corporation to put a compounds, used as refrigerants, foam-blow sack over its head in an effort to ignore the continue to hold an American Methodist vol ing agents, industrial solvents and, outside unteer working for the Witness for Peace collective scientific wisdom is E.l. du Pont Ne of the United States and a few other na mours & Co. tions, as aerosol propellants. Du Pont's CFC effort. Du Pont is a leading producer of chloro sales were $600 million last year, a company David Boren was taken into detention by fluorocarbons or CFC's. Evidence that CFC's spokesman said. the Contras during fighting between Contras destroy the protective ozone layer in the strat In recent years, scientists have confirmed and Sandinista troops in the mountains 120 osphere is compelling. Du Pont indicated that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed, miles north of Managua. notably over the antarctic, where a "hole" This is the second Witness for Peace volun before the Congress in the 1970's that if the appears in the ozone layer each year. Inten chemical were found to be harmful, the com teer who has been captured and held by the sive research into the antarctic hole has Contras, and the incident follows coincidental pany would stop production of the chemical. identified chlorine as a major contributor to Du Pont when reminded of its promise in the depletion, and a significant source of ly close on the heels of last week's defeat of 1988, simply denies international scientific re chlorine in the atmosphere are man-made the Contra aid plan sponsored by our Demo ality. CFC's are a threat not only to human CFCs and related chemical compounds. cratic leadership, a defeat which the President health but crop production and other biologi Ozone filters out damaging ultraviolet applauded. rays, and loss of ozone increases the risk of cal life cycles. I call upon the White House and our State cancer and such eye ailments as cataracts. Department to exhaust all efforts and exert all If the Du Pont Co. were in the Presidential Government scientists have estimated that necessary pressure to ensure that Mr. Boren's race, it would rightly be accused of flip flop losses of even a small percentage of strato release will be a prompt one and that his ping or worse, not fulfilling its promise. I would spheric ozone could lead to hundreds of safety will be guaranteed by the Contras who hope Du Pont would have the corporate hon thousands of additional cases of skin cancer. hold him. esty and integrity to keep its deal with the Scientists interviewed yesterday agreed Congress and the American public by ceasing that no immediate health effects had been linked to ozone depletion over Antarctica, production of CFC's. populated only by a handful of researchers. HONORING AUDREY K. CZARNY However, because I do not believe that Du Health concerns stem from the fact that GAITIS Pont or other producers of CFC's will voluntar CFCs are extraordinarily long-lived in the ily reduce production of the chemical, I have atmosphere, meaning that today's emissions HON. ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES introduced legislation to raise the price of do are likely to be destroying ozone 75 years in OF CALIFORNIA the future. mestic and imported CFC's. By raising the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price alternative chemicals can be brought on "The question is how much risk do we avoid by cutting emissions now," said Irving Tuesday, March 8, 1988 line. Mintzer of the World Resources Institute. Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in the He said there is no doubt about chlorine's Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today with RECORD an article from the Washington Post role in ozone depletion, "at least not in the pleasure to honor Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis. a summary of the situation. credible part of the scientific community." Mrs. Gaitis is retiring after 25 years of dedicat- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3559 ed public service as assistant city manager tries were judged by Youth to Youth, a nation ALAMO DAY from the city of South El Monte. Audrey will ally known and respected drug use prevention be recognized for her outstanding service to organization for teens, based in Columbus, HON. JOE BARTON the city of South El Monte at a special retire OH. OF TEXAS ment dinner on April 15, 1988. I share the immense pride felt by David's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis was born and parents, teachers and classmates. He is an raised in Minnesota. When she moved to exceptional young man. It is with great esteem Tuesday, March 8, 1988 southern California, she did not realize that and admiration that I pay tribute to David Mr. BARTON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, as you she would embark upon a 25-year career in Kane of Warren, OH. know March 6 was an important anniversary municipal service. in Texas history. It is the day in which the final Audrey's first contact with South El Monte battle for the Alamo took place. I would like to came in June, 1961. At that time, she was LOSING A TRUE LEADER share with you and my other colleagues two employed by a private consulting firm which poems which commorate this historic day. The had been hired to promote annexations in and HON. NEWT GINGRICH poems were written by Mr. Carlos Jackson a around the newly incorporated city. After 2 teacher of Texas history at Hearne Junior years, she left the consulting firm to work on OF GEORGIA High School in Hearne, TX. future annexations as a part-time city employ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ee. Over the next 25 years, Audrey held a TEXAS PRIDE multitude of titles and responsibilities in the Tuesday, March 8, 1988 To pay the price, to sacrifice, to fight like city; touching upon virtually every major de freedom loving men will do, at Ana Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, the city of At huac, the Alamo, at Golaid, and San partment in the city's operations. Like most lanta has recently lost an experienced and Jacinto too. developing cities, South El Monte was aggres distinguished leader. Richard Guthman is re You had to be brave and no man's slave to sively active in annexations and public works signing from the Atlanta City Council to devote spit in Santa Anna's eye. improvements throughout its early years, and more time to his business. The Atlanta Journal With your back to the wall and through it Audrey was an integral part of these oper recently stated that "all the citizens of Atlanta all knowing you would die. ations. She played an active role in each of respect him and the job he has done on our Deep down inside that Texas Pride was the city's 48 annexations and during her years swelling in each man's chest. of service, was instrumental in turning South behalf while there." I would like to associate One hundred and eighty-three strong and it El Monte from an area devoid of curbs, gut myself with these comments and I would like would not be long to be put to the ters, and sidewalks into a semirural suburban to thank the Atlanta Journal for their recogni stiffest test. area complete with storm drainage protection, tion of Richard's admirable qualities. Santa Anna bring on your soldiers rolling sanitary sewers, and modern traffic control. In [From the Atlanta Journal, Feb. 19, 19881 like boulders we'll fight for liberty's sake. essence, the city grew up during Audrey's A TRUE LEADER STEPS DowN tenure. Fighting side by side for Texas Pride till our While most eyes were turned last Tuesday bodies the Texas soil will take. Beginning as a part-time annexation survey to New Hampshire and the efforts of several worker, Audrey rose through the ranks to I'll make you a bet we'll never forget what men to get into public office, the announce these men did for us. occupy every major administrative position ment that one member of the Atlanta City We'll keep Texas Pride somewhere deep within the city. She has been the director of Council is going to leave office may have inside and never, ever let it rust. public works, deputy city clerk, director of been almost as important to residents of So Son's of Texas shout out loud and be planning, director of finance, director of per this town. Texas proud you were born in the sonnel, city treasurer, and served as acting Richard Guthman, a 14-year veteran on Lone Star State. city manager in 1984; ending her career as the council, is resigning to devote more time Because Texas soil you see is a part of me assistant city manager in April, 1988. to his business. We can't begrudge him the and that makes Texas great. Mr. Speaker, I ask that my colleagues join right to take care of himself and his family, So lets all pitch in and stand again like they me in saluting Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis, an in but we are truly going to miss his dedicated . did at the Alamo. dividual that has worked tirelessly on behalf of efforts to take care of all Atlantans during Live or die look the unjust in the eye then the city and citizens of South El Monte for a his long and distinguished career. grab hold and never, ever let go. job well done. Guthman has long been one of the two or Raise up the flag and don't let it sag fight three council members one would call if one on for freedom's sake. wanted to know what was really behind Till the Lord above with His infinite love TRIBUTE TO DAVID KANE some new ordinance or budget matter-not my Texas soul will take. only because he was willing to talk straight, HON. JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR. but because he knew the facts, the figures, THE LEGEND OF THE .ALAMO and particularly the long-term ramifica There "we" were a-standin-tall OF OHIO tions. 183 men near the courtyard wall. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He and Ira Jackson have for a long time Travis had already appealed for help of any Tuesday, March 8, 1988 been the voices of fiscal responsibility on kind the council; his departure makes it more Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, it is with And all 183 of us knew just what was on his likely that financial foolishness of one sort mind. great pleasure that I stand before you today or another will slip by and cost the taxpay to pay tribute to David Kane, an honorable Victory or Death he had already decreed ers. But no help was coming and help we did mention award winner in the McDonald's Guthman has also been one of the few need. "Youth Challenge: Living Drug Free" contest. politicians in the metro area who could look Travis drew his sword and marked a line on A student at Howland High School in at a touchy issue in terms of how it would affect all citizens, not just those who are the ground Warren, OH, David's two projects were select All we could hear was the grating of its ed from hundreds of entries as original and ef black or those who are white. That's a qual ity that we need more and more, and find sound. fective ways to encourage youth to say "no" "Up until now you've fought a good fight to drugs. His efforts are an outstanding exam less and less, in our local leaders. We wish Richard Guthman were not re And anyone who wants to leave had better ple of what young people in communities all signing, because his kind of wise, responsi get out tonight." over the country are doing to help themselves ble stewardship of the public trust is going "No one will blame you if yoti go and others to cope with the spreading drug to be difficult to find in any replacement. Because victory is impossible, but this you problem. We respect his decision to leave office, how all know." The McDonald's "Youth Challenge" contest ever-and we want him to know how much "I'm staying myself," said Travis with glint is the first national contest of its kind to rec we and all the citizens of Atlanta respect in his eye ognize drug use prevention activities planned him and the job he has done on our behalf "I'm going to fight and right here I'll die." and executed by youth for youth. Contest en- while there. " If you want to stay step over with me 3560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 For Texas and Honor and the right to be Wahoo-please. His grinning, red visage is to resolve the problems associated with the free." unlike that of any brown-skinned native crediting of individuals earnings. His courage enthraled up and he made it who ever walked the fields or forests of pre Some historical background on this problem quite clear Columbian America. had Individuals Accounts." The GAO study found land Plain Dealer brings to our attention an evolved, instead, as the more readily recog often used, albeit sometimes unconscious nized slurs involving watermelons and that SSA and IRS failed to reconcile the differ form of racism. Entitled, "Time to Say Good rhythm? ences in wage reports provided by employers, bye to An Old Name," the author, Jim Strang, Unthinkable in 1988? Of course, and with the result that some workers' earnings describes a subtitle form of racism-the name thank God. But why are equivalent refer are not credited to their Social Security ac and nicknames of Cleveland's baseball fran ences to American Indians any more accept counts. Since 1978 there have been discrep chise, the Cleveland Indians. able? The organization before us is in no ancies in reports that total $58.8 billion in em I hope that my colleagues will take a wise a "tribe": it is a collection of highly ployees earnings not included in SSA data. moment to read this article. It is both thought paid athletes of several racial and ethnic backgrounds who are bound not by common GAO estimates that 9.7 million individuals provoking and worthwhile reading: ancestry or blood, but by contracts and have unrecorded earnings as a result of this TIME TO SAY GOODBYE TO AN OLD NAME money. problem. Clarence Page beat me to the punch on No, the name and the emblem both have When I heard about this issue I was most this one, but that's not going to prevent my outlasted their time. They should be retired. concerned about how this failure to reconcile taking a couple swings anyway. One last thought: for nearly 30 years, the earning discrepancies would impact on individ Page, a columnist with the Chicago Trib team that this baseball fan has lived district offices berates daily, has been remarkably reticent have interfered with the prompt handling about launching its annual all-out offensive fied-through EEOC's current appropria of age discrimination charges, resulting in tions-that unsupervised waivers are prohibit the Commission's failure to process nearly against Iraq. ed under the ADEA and that the Commission 900 charges in time to meet the Age Dis Though the policies of the two governments should not implement the rule. crimination in Employment Act's two-year may appear inconsistent with their rhetoric, Furthermore, many employers have been statute of limitations to pursue the claims they are not. in court. WHAT DRIVES BAGHDAD? utilizing early retirement incentive plans as an The Commission first noticed the problem alternative to mandatory layoffs and their ac three years ago when it approved a new en Baghdad's current policy might be called companying hardships. In enforcing the ADEA, forcement policy and began reviewing all war to end the war. The Iraqi regime does the Commission has the responsibility to cases that failed conciliation. Last Septem want the war to end. It lacks, however, the ca ensure that such incentives are carefully ber, Commission officials compiled figures pability to bring it to an end. Iraq cannot structured so that they do not violate the stat determining that close to 900 ADEA cases defeat Iran on the battlefield. For almost 6 had passed the two-year statute of limita ute. For instance, if the alternative to an early years, all that Baghdad has sought to accom tions without resolution. That figure has plish militarily is to prevent Tehran from win retirement incentive plan is actual or construc since increased to 938. tive discharge, the plan may violate the ADEA. EEOC's Chairman Thomas has character ning. It's a rather sterile policy. Many observers contend that the Commission ized the situation as "totally inexcusable," To achieve the larger goal of ending the has failed to provide clear policy guidance on and has already taken disciplinary steps war, Baghdad is relying on the rest of the whether certain early retirement incentive against some of the district directors where world. In effect, it has asked the rest of the this administrative error occurred. In a De plans might discriminate against employees world to pull its chestnuts out of the fire. cember 21, 1987, memorandum to field di To accomplish this, Baghdad is relying on based on age-related factors. rectors, he stated that allowing a statute of the U.N Security Council to impose a manda Last, in June 1984 the EEOC determined limitation to lapse is "tantamount to a dere tory arms embargo on Iran. Since Iran is that the ADEA required that persons age 65 liction of duties" and promised "not [to] tol erate such mishandling of even one case." largely dependent on arms imports to keep or older who continued to work under a pen the fighting going, Baghdad figures that an II, SUMMARY OF THE BILL sion plan of an employer would be entitled to arms embargo will crimp Tehran's fighting pension accrual after age 65. The Commis The Age Discrimination Claims Assistance ability and force it to make peace on terms Act of 1988 extends the already expired sion has yet to issue final rules on this issue. not unfavorable to Baghdad. Some EEOC observers believe that this delay statute of limitations by an 18-month period for those persons whose claims were affect The problem Baghdad faces right now is harms older workers and helps employers ed by EEOC inaction. Specifically, the twofold. minimize the cost of future pension accruals. rights of persons who filed timely charges First, the arms embargo effort is stalled. These actions by the Commission have with the Commission after December 31, The United States has been pushing it since compromised the rights of age discrimination 1983 but did not bring a civil action on such last July. But the Soviet Union perpetually victims. In addition, this recent egregious mis claims, and who neither had their claims manages to find some way to wriggle out from management of over 900 ADEA cases by the conciliated by the Commission nor received under its own commitment to back an embar notification of the disposition of their Commission has caused public outrage and charge and the right to sue, have been re go and put off U.N. consideration until "next raises serious concerns about the EEOC's vived for an extra 18 months beginning on month." But, like tomorrow, "next month" ability to effectively enforce the laws. Chair the date of enactment of this bill. never comes. So, Baghdad's first challenge is man Thomas is quick to blame the Congress The statute not only revives certain per to figure out some way to move the embargo for not appropriating adequate funds to meet sons' claims, but it also requires the Com resolution. mission to notify these persons, no later Second, Baghdad faces another problem of the demands of an ever-increasing workload. than 60 days after enactment of this Act: ( 1 > However, since 1980, the Congress has in time. Since about November its troops have the rights and benefits to which such per been on alert awaiting the annual Iranian creased the EEOC's budget each year-from sons are entitled to under the Age Discrimi $124 million in fiscal year 1980 to $179 million nation in Employment Act; and (2) that mass offensive. For 4 years, Tehran has in the current fiscal year. This represents a their statute of limitations applicable to launched a huge winter offensive out of its southern Khuzestan province into Iraqi terri 44-percent increase in funding. For the past such claim will run for an additional 18 months after the date of enactment of this tory. In each offensive, Iranian troops have several years, my committee has been recom Act. advanced several miles, then been pushed mending more money for the EEOC than was Finally, the bill includes a reporting re back about half the distance they had ad requested by the President. Clearly, there is quirement for the Commission. The Com vanced. In each case, Iran ends up holding congressional support for the important mis mission shall submit periodic reports to cer onto a mouthful of Iraqi territory. In each case, tain congressional committees including sion of this enforcement agency. the initial success has come because the Iraqi Despite EEOC's mismanagement in this in such information as the number of persons who have claims under the Act, the number forces have been a little lax. Baghdad has stance, we cannot allow those individuals who of persons notified under the Act, and the been trying to keep its frontline troops ever have filed ADEA charges with the EEOC to disposition of their charges. alert in this offensive season, but there's a forever lose their right to puruse a private law limit to how long they can keep that up. As suit. Today I join my colleagues in introducing time wears on, alertness wears down. So, this legislation to provide legal recourse to BAGHDAD'S MISSILE BARRAGE Baghdad's second challenge is how to keep those alleged victims of age discrimination. MAY BE INTENDED TO SPARK its troops from falling asleep at the wheel. This legislation simply extends the statute of IRANIAN ATTACK The answer to the first challenge-how to limitations for those individuals affected by move the stalled embargo resolution-could EEOC's administrative error. HON. LES ASPIN be an Iranian offensive. Accepted wisdom in I hope that we can act expeditiously to pass OF WISCONSIN the corridors of the U.N. holds that it will be this bill in both Houses of Congress and to ex IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very hard to block the resolution if the Irani ans were to flaunt the Security Council's call ercise our congressional oversight responsibil Tuesday, March 8, 1988 ity to ensure that the EEOC is more accounta of last July for a cease-fire by launching a ble in the future. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, for awhile, the huge offensive. A summary of the "Age Discrimination Iran-Iraq war and the Persian Gulf slipped off The answer to the second challenge-how Claims Assistance Act of 1988" follows: the scope. The war is back now-but with a to keep the Iraqis alert and capable of stop unique twist. ping an offensive-could well be an Iranian of- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3563 fensive, that is, an early offensive. The sooner is that Iran isn't carrying it out. There simply Jacques Abouchar on charges of "illegal entry the better. Once the offensive has been are not a lot of attacks going on. The strength into the country." It is indeed ironic that a man halted by Iraq, it can breathe more easily. Iran of Rafsanjani's strategy is logic; the weakness shooting only photographs was hunted down has to store up ammunition for each offen is resources. About 5 years ago, Iran briefly and jailed by the Soviet troops who invaded sive. Once it blows its supplies on a massive tried battering Iraq up and down the warfront, Afghanistan 8 years ago and are still waging a offensive, Iran must take a breather and hoping to break through somewhere. The only war of conquest. The journalist's only "crime" resume stocking up. When Iran has to take a problem was that Iran ran down before Iraq was in bringing a trace of glasnost to the most breather, Iraq is able to take a breather. did. brutal war of the decade. Unable to complete So, there are two very good reasons why There are many political reasons Tehran ly conquer the Afghan resistance, the Soviets Baghdad might like to be attacked right now. might want to delay a major offensive at this have committed themselves to a policy of One might logically respond: Why should point. tracking down and murdering Western journal Iraq want to be attacked when it might lose? First and foremost, is the U.N. Security ists in an attempt to prevent the rest of the There are two points to recall here. Council sanctions resolution. Tehran doesn't world from learning of the Afghans' valiant First, everyone expects Iran to attack some want to do anything that would make its pas struggle for freedom. time. There are opponents of the war within sage easier. Undaunted by the dangers of entering the the regime, but the war party is large, militant, Second, its Arab ally, Syria, has made clear war zone and refusing to be intimidated by the and vocal and won't accept permanent delay. that Iranian seizures of Iraqi-read Arab-land So, an attack will come. Soviet threat against them as correspondents, make it very hard for Syria to continue helping many journalists have continued to cover the Second, the greatest threat to Iraq is a sur Tehran. Syrian Baath party politicians hate war in Afghanistan. Several reporters, includ prise attack that catches it unawares. It isn't Iraqi Baath party politicians, but no Arab of ing three Americans, have died in Afghanistan commonly understood, but Iraq has mobilized any nationality likes to read of "foreigners" at the hands of Soviet troops. The first Ameri far more men than Iran. In the southern war taking Arab land. can to die was Charles E. Thornton, a medical zone, even with the current Iranian mobiliza Third, if a big offensive fails to record a big reporter for the Arizona Republic. On Septem tion, Tehran's troops are outnumbered about gain, what will be the impact on Iranian public ber 19, 1985, Thornton was murdered in an 2 to 1. But one of Iran's prizes-the Iraqi city support for the war. The recent drop in volun of Basra-lies less than 10 miles from the teers points to a drop in enthusiasm for the ambush by Soviet troops while preparing a frontlines. Tehran's best chance for closing war. While it is not precipitous, Tehran's lead story on volunteer doctors in Afghanistan. those 10 miles is to catch the Iraqi troops ers have to worry that another bloodletting at Two years later, on October 9, 1987, Lee when they are lax. Tehran has virtually no the front without something to show for it Shapiro of North Bergen, NJ, and Jim Linde chance of taking Basra if the Iraqis are awake could prompt a reversal of public opinion. lof, of California, were ambushed and mur and alert. Moderate politicians in the party led by former dered while filming a documentary. According So, strange as it may seem, there are very Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan tried to run for to the eyewitness account of Abdul Malik, good reasons for Iraq to passionately desire office 5 years ago on a peace platform and their interpreter and guide, Shapiro and Linde to be attacked right now. Chief among those were shut out, which indicates that even that lof were returning to Pakistan after 5 months are that an Iranian ground offensive would long ago the leadership of the Islamic Repub of filming when they were strafed by Soviet move the stalled U.N. Security Council resolu lic feared development of a peace movement. helicopter gunships. Lindelof was killed in tion imposing sanctions on Iran, and would Fourth, Iran is now engaging in talks with stantly, but Shapiro, despite being wounded, end the long wait that is taxing Iraqi forces the Arab States on the other side of the Per attempted to save the film. However, the Sovi and threatening their ability to repel attack. sian Gulf. I see no reason to believe they will ets landed their helicopters, shot Shapiro sev That brings us to the latest events in the accomplish anything, but the Iranians clearly eral times, and then confiscated his film and war-last week's missile barrage-a first in see some benefit in pursuing the talks or they equipment. the war-in which Baghdad rained long-range would have brushed them aside. An attack These three men are heroes who gave their missiles down on Tehran. Militarily, these mis now would torpedo any hopes of accomplish lives in the hope that the world would learn of siles serve no purpose. They can't be aimed ing anything in the talks. the struggle for liberty going on in Afghani at any discrete, high value targets. They are Those are four political and two military rea stan. The common dedication and courage simply aimed at the city of Tehran. They serve sons for putting off any offensive. However, must be recognized in a singular manner. T a only to terrorize the population of Tehran. the Iranian mobilization continues-as it has morrow, Representatives BoB STUMP, But they could serve another purpose since October. The daily buildup has a certain namely, to spark a ground offensive by Iran. ROBERT MATSUI, and I are introducing a reso sense of inexorability to it. The leadership in By embarrassing the regime, whose inability to lution in the House of Representatives urging Tehran can tell the military, "Not today." But defend Tehran is patently clear, and infuriating President Reagan to posthumously award the few believe it can say, "Never." the war party, which is eager to fight anyway, Presidential Medal of Freedom to Charles Baghdad could well make the long-waited of Thornton, Lee Shapiro, and Jim Lindelof. This fensive come about more quickly. LEE SHAPIRO, JIM LINDELOF, medal is presented at the discretion of the President to those who make contributions to WHAT DRIVES TEHRAN? AND CHARLES THORNTON the national or security interests of the United To be intellectually honest, one must look States, world peace, or to those who under at the other side of the coin and see what it is HON. JIM COURTER that motivates Tehran in its current policy of take significant public or private endeavors. OF NEW JERSEY Past recipients have included Joseph Luns, restraint. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are two military rationales. former Secretary General of NATO, Eric First, the annual call for volunteers did not Tuesday, March 8, 1988 Hoffer, the labor leader and author, statesman do anywhere near as well last fall as in pre Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, in October Anwar Sadat, historian Dumas Malone, Mother ceding years. That limits the available man 1984, the Soviet Union sent one stern mes Theresa, and Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick. power and likely has induced some caution. sage to all foreign journalists attempting to Several journalists, including Arthur Krock, Second, Tehran recognizes that its annual cover the war in Afghanistan. During an inter have also received the Medal of Freedom. all-out offensives aren't getting it much. The view with two French reporters, the Soviet We have asked the President whether this speaker of the Iranian Parliament, Ali Akbar Ambassador to Parkistan, Vitaly Smirnoff, award might be presented to the families of Hashemi Rafsanjani, announced a new strate said, "I warn you, and, through you all your these three American heroes on March 21, gy last year that put an end to massive offen fellow journalists: Do not try to enter Afghani 1988. We believe that this day, which marks sives and replaced them with frequent, multi stan with the so-called Mujahidin any longer the beginning of the new year in Afghanistan ple attacks up and down the front. Rafsanjani * * * In the future, the bandits and the so and which in 1987 was designated as "Af complained that the old strategy allowed the called journalists will be killed. Our forces in ghanistan Day" in the United States, would be Iraqis lots of time in which to rest and recu Afghanistan will help the Afghan forces" to do a very appropriate day to present the Nation's perate from each offensive. Rafsanjani's strat so. This statement closely followed the Soviet highest civilian award to Charles E. Thornton, egy makes some sense. The biggest problem capture and imprisonment of French journalist Lee Shapiro, and Jim Lindelof. 3564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 TRIBUTE TO KAREN CABE GIB mined political status aspirations of the people Reagan himself. In the past several months SON'S CLASS AT STALL HIGH of Guam. we have seen the British Government and its SCHOOL, WINNERS OF BICEN I believe that these wishes have a right to security forces operating in Northern Ireland TENNIAL COMPETITION be considered by the Congress. I am happy make a mockery of the rule of law. and proud to cosponsor the bill as chairman Let me review some of the more disturbing HON. ARTHUR RAVENEL, JR. of the committee with jurisdiction over most of recent developments. As I have cited OF SOUTH CAROLINA matters regarding Guam and the other insular before, the decision to end all prosecutions of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES areas. Royal Ulster constabulary officers involved in Further, I have supported the idea of im a so-called shoot to kill policy against certain Tuesday, March 8, 1988 proving Guam's relationship with the United civilians in Northern Ireland. In addition there Mr. RAVENEL. Mr. Speaker, as many of my States through mutually approved Common was the release of a young soldier convicted colleagues are aware, teachers and students wealth legislation for some time. In 1983, I of murdering a civilian and sentenced to life from across the Nation have been participat agreed with Congressman BLAZ' predecessor, imprisonment. The soldier, Pvt. lan Thain, was ing in the Bicentennial Competition on the the late Tony Won Pat, that there are a not only released after only serving 3 years, Constitution and Bill of Rights. I cannot say number of very real problems in the current but he is back on duty with his regiment. enough about the cooperation demonstrated Federal-territorial relationship which we should Then there was the murder of young Aidan by each of the schools from my district that try to solve. McAnespie on February 21 by a Grenadier are involved. The teachers have had nothing This bill is a serious response to many of guard at a checkpoint in the border town of but praise regarding the curriculum that was these problems. A number of its proposed so Aughnacloy. This was condemned as murder chosen and all the students who are partici lutions themselves, however, cause serious by the aforementioned Cardinal O'Fiaich who pating have a greater knowledge of the way concerns on constitutional, policy, and practi presided at the young man's funeral. our constitutional democracy developed. cal grounds. Added to all this was the refusal of the One such teacher, Karen Cabe Gibson of These concerns were explained to Guam's court of appeals in Great Britain to free the Stall High School in Charleston, SC, has dedi leaders as they drafted the bill. I do not want so-called Birmingham six. This case which cated countless hours to her students, and their people to be misled now by my cospon generated worldwide attention and support for the students have had to make sacrifices of sorship into thinking that I have changed my the original defendants has driven a long their own in order to practice after school to mind with respect to these concerns. stake into the heart of Anglo-Irish relations train for the competition. The school principal, There are other ways to address the prob and threatens the Anglo-Irish Agreement of Mike Turner, has made sure that they had the lems which are supportable and attainable. I 1985. support they needed to compete well. And am very willing to work with Congressman As we approach the celebration of St. Pat now, this impressive group of students has BLAZ and the other leaders of Guam and Con rick's Day-it would be more than appropriate won not only the first district competition, but gressmen YOUNG, DE LUGO, and LAGOMAR for the United States through diplomatic and the statewide competition as well. As they SINO and other concerned Members to find other channels to communicate its official prepare to compete in the national competi meaningful and fair solutions to them through concern to the British Government over their tion next month in Washington, I want them to Commonwealth or other legislation. actions in recent months in Northern Ireland. I know that they have the backing and support believe we should lodge a formal protest over of the folks back home. It is indeed an honor the Gibraltar murders. Failure to speak out and a privilege to individually list the names of BRITISH OUTRAGES AGAINST against these obvious outrages only invites the members of the winning class that will be IRISH NATIONALISTS CONTINUE their continuation. Silence in this case will not representing the State of South Carolina in make the problem go away. this exciting program. HON. MARIO BIAGGI We must approach this with the same They are: Joey Amundsen, Douglas Brant OF NEW YORK degree of moral outrage we summon for prob ley, Keith Conyers, Dendra Crocker, James IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lems in South Africa, Eastern Europe, and to Dixon, James Ford, Rae Goude, Randy Tuesday, March 8, 1988 some extent the events in Gaza. Official Harmon, Alyson Harrel, Joe Haselden, Mi United States policy for the 20 years I have chael Murphy, Kelly Panganiban, Lee Pool, Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, without question been involved with the Irish issue is support Renee Powell, Carol J. Ribeiro, Stephen Rus over the past several months, the British Gov the British Government first, ask questions sell, Clarita Santos, George Shread, Russell ernment has embarked on a veritable reign of later. There is no doubt that Britain is an im Stanley, Clevetta Young, and Michelle Za terror against segments of the Catholic minori portant ally both in the past as well as in the panta. ty population in Northern Ireland. The latest future. Yet it is because of our being allies incident is perhaps the most appalling of them that we should be able to be a constructive in all. The British Government was forced to fluence on the British to change their policies A BILL TO ESTABLISH A admit in the House of Commons that they had in Northern Ireland. It should not be an COMMONWEALTH OF GUAM indeed killed three individuals in Gibraltar who excuse to allow it to continue. they suspected to be Irish Republican Army At this point in the RECORD I wish to insert HON. MORRIS K. UDALL terrorists prepared to carry out an act of ter two articles. The first is from today's New OF ARIZONA rorism. What the Home Secretary was forced York Times entitled "British Amend Account IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to admit was the fact that not only were the of Killing of 3 in Gibraltar." The second, from three individuals that were killed unarmed, Tuesday, March 8, 1988 the March 5 edition of the Irish Echo entitled there were absolutely no explosives or any "Two Types of Justice in the Northern Travail. Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, today, I joined our other weapons of terror found on or near The articles follow: colleagues BEN BLAZ, the Delegate from those who were killed. Guam, DoN YOUNG, the ranking Republican of The question one must ask here is precisely [From the New York Times, Mar. 8, 19881 the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the same one posed on February 23 by the BRITISH AMEND ACCOUNT OF KILLING OF 3 IN RON DE LUGO and BOB LAGOMARSINO, the highly respected Archbishop of Armagh and GIBRALTAR chairman and ranking Republican, respective Catholic primate of all Ireland, Cardinal Tomas British Army, but not in Northern Ireland with known records of scious minds of the people of this island. Northern Ireland. rebel activity. Most wish to forget it. There are more He was released on parole in 1987. The The incident prompted Irish nationalist things happening in Ireland than you read Birmingham Six and the Guildford Four protests in the streets of Belfast tonight. about on the front pages of your newspa still languish in jail. There are people, The police said that buses were seized, emp pers. It is not all horror and tribulation. "fitted up" in the Diplock Courts who are tied and set afire and that gunfire was The tragic thing is that it is impossible to still serving lengthy sentences for posses heard in at lease three areas, including the devote all of our attention to the truly im sion of arms, explosives, membership of the British Army barracks at New Bamesley. portant things, the development of an ado IRA, et al. Many went in as young men, just RELATIONS DETERIORATE lescent economy, the removal of the need to as young as Private Ian Richard Thane, but The Gibraltar shootings were the latest in emigrate, the eradication of poverty, espe they will be old when they are freed, if they a string of incidents that have sent British cially in large cities like Dublin. are ever relased at all. Irish relations plummeting. In the most crit Always the North and its turmoil is with You can write about it, talk about it, com ical, John Stalker, a former English police us, no matter how much we try to push it plain about it, even sing, if you wish, but superintendent, was sent to Northern Ire from our consciousness. There is not a week there is nothing or nobody that can seem to land and reported evidence of "police that goes by without it obtruding into the take us from the incredible "Never-Never murder" in three 1982 incidents when six foreground of our attention. Land" that Britain has bequeathed so mu unarmed Irish nationalists were shot to Take last week as a case in point. nificently to the Irish people in the north death by anti-terrorist police detectives of Lord Denning is Britain's former Master em part of this island. the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The Gov of the Rolls, one of the highest judicial of John Stalker wrote a book which clearly ernment, while not confirming that specific fices in his country. Believe it or not he was established that there is, at the very least, a charge, has confirmed that some Constabu described recently as "the best judge in Eng criminal case to be met by the highest au lary members obstructed justice. But it land-Which has the best judicial system in thorities in the North and in Britain itself, ruled out prosecuting them on the ground the world!" extending all the way up to the impervious that national security and the public inter It was Lord Denning who was given the Margaret Thatcher. est required otherwise. task of hearing the appeal of the Birming ham Six in 1980 against their conviction on When the British Establishment steps "I believe that this needs an inquiry in the onto an Irish bog, they seem to disappear, same way that the Stalker inquiry took the grounds that their confessions were beaten out of them-superficially not a re en masse, down a huge hole which leads to place," Martin Flannery, the Labor Party the abyss of Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Won spokesman on Northern Ireland, declared in markable allegation in view of the photo graphs which were released showing evi derland." Parliament after Sir Geoffrey told of the There was actually a discussion in the latest news from Gibraltar. dence of violent assault. On the astounding assumption that to Mother of Parliaments as to whether Stalk Sir Geoffrey insisted that the three vic er should be prosecuted for revealing "na tims, two men and a woman, were active ter find in their favor would be to admit the ex istence of a high level conspiracy, Lord Den tional secrets." And no less than the British rorists planning an explosion at a changing Attorney General, Sir Patrick Mayhew, of the guard ceremony Tuesday by the ning turned the appeal down because he said it would have revealed an "appalling stood up to admit to the same House of Royal Anglian Regiment, which recently Commons that there was evidence of a "con served in Northern Ireland. vista." Recently, during a TV interview, he ex spiracy" in the RUC to pervert the course of justice-but Initially, the British authorities said a should do if prisoners continued to express no prosecutions would follow. bomb had been found in a car parked in an their innocence, "Oh, walk away and ignore A yound, unarmed man had been riddled alley near the ceremony ground near the them!" to pieces in a country shed by members of British Governor's residence and, they He also explained that, in his view, it was the RUC. The killing had actually been stressed, by a school and old people's resi better that some innocent people should taped on a recording device planted by M15 dence. Sir Geoffrey corrected this to say remain in jail rather than that the integrity intelligence agents. Neither the tape nor that three cars and four suspected rebels, of the judicial system in Britain should be any other evidence was made public and one still at large, had been tracked as active questioned. nobody was prosecuted. in the reputed attack plan. Keys on one vic At least, he is an honest representative of It seemed that matters could not become tim's body, he said, fitted a car found across the incredibly smug and arrogant British worse. Irish Prime Minister Charles J. the border in Spain that, according to the Establishment. Haughey, did his level best to sound tough Foreign Secretary, contained three false In the same week, obviously acting on a and statesmanlike at the same time when he passports, an electric clock, tape and wire. tip-off, reporters in the Irish Press, still the addressed the annual gathering of his party. Keys were found for a third car, he said, best newspaper in Ireland, with an emphasis But, in Ireland, matters can get worse-and adding that this was being sought as the on news, checked on the progress of a cer they did. suspected repository of a large amount of tain private in the British Army who had Aughanacloy, Co. Tryone, is a town I plastic explosive. finished his tour in the North. happen to know quite well because it is the The three victims were identified as Mair Unfortunately, it is the sort of check that main crossing point for southern travelers ead Farrell, 31 years old, Daniel McCann, Irish editors in general don't usually bother to Donegal. Most are happily unaware that 30, and Sean Savage, 24, all from West Bel to carry out, either because they don't be when they are trundling through the check fast. lieve that it would dredge up real news, or point, perhaps on their way to their annual Sir Geoffrey said that an attack plan had because, quite frankly, like many other holiday, British soldiers barely out of their been uncovered by Spanish authorities and Irish people, they have come to regard the teens are sighting their rifles on their that while under surveillance in Gibraltar North as being something of a bore to their torsos. For the soldiers, it's a normal pre the three rebel suspects were challenged readers. caution. For the travelers, it can be lethr.l.
19-059 0-89-17 (Pt. 3) 3566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 Aidan McAnespie was 24, his sister, Mrs. MARINE BEVAN PLACES IN THE utation by standing up for freedom and Eilish McCann, was a candidate for the Sinn VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY preaching liberty. Our ancestors lived by Fein Party in the North's last election. He CONTEST these words, and what they chose to listen was, according to his family, a marked man, to, what they believed was right was passed threatened by soldiers who had actually down through generations for others to warned him that they would "get him." HON. JAMES J. FLORIO take into consideration. They did. OF NEW JERSEY "Liberty, in one way or another, will Aidan McAnespie was walking through IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES always be an issue concerning America and its people. And this inheritance will contin the border checkpoint to play in a football Tuesday, March 8, 1988 match after leaving his car. He never drove ue and help us to enjoy our liberty and jus across because of the harassment by the sol Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, recently a con tice for all. Though freedom is not granted diers. stituent of mine, Marine Bevan of Gloucester through a last will and testament it is still But, as he made his last journey, shots City, NJ, won second place in the district 7 inherited through the knowledge and pride rang out. The RUC said that there were competition of the Voice of Democracy Con of our ancestors. It is what we will teach our children and what they will teach our three. The British Army which expressed its test held by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. I public "regret" later claimed that the young grandchildren. Liberty is what America and find her speech so insightful that I wanted to its people are about. It is what we love man was killed by a ricochet. It doesn't share it with my colleagues: really matter. He's dead. And a soldier is in most." custody. It was third period American history class When Mr. Livingston finished I could see The Irish Government acted with unusual and the room was silent. My classmates and a sort of glow about him. There was almost speed in deciding that it should carry out its I sat quietly waiting to hear another boring a look of warmth on that stone face of his. lesson. As we looked over the results of our Listening to him made me realize how much own investigation with its own police force. last test Mr. Livingston stood at his lectern. Americans really do love this country. And The decision has clearly led to bitter cha He was in his usual position watching over no matter how rigid Mr. Livingston contin grin in Britain where politicians profess to us like a hawk. ued to be I never looked at him in quite the believe that the North is part and parcel of This classroom wasn't very comfortable. same way again. I knew how significant Mr. the UK, as "British as Finchley," and that There was a sort of coldness to it. Our Livingston's heritage was to him, and how the southern government should have no teacher knew a lot about history, and we important mine was to me. I realize that part in investigating the activites of its learned the facts. But Mr. Livingston gave each of us has a great bond holding this lib armed forces, whether they be the RUC or the impression that he didn't want to be erty, our heritage, together in America. the army itself. bothered with unworthy conversation or Let them think as they like. There are questions. We were afraid to speak to him. three forms of justice in the North-one for Checking over my test, I was so curious NEW DATA ON THE ACCURACY the crown forces, one for the loyalists and about the essay question I finally gathered OF MEDICAL LABORATORY the last for the nationalists. my courage and asked, "Sir, how does Amer TESTING Ask Private Ian Richard Thane. He is ica's liberty relate to our heritage?" free. "Kidso" Reilly is dead. And so now is Mr. Livingston cleared his throat and Aidan McAnespie, another sickening statis began, "It all started with one of the two HON. RON WYDEN tic in Britain's last abominable colony. most famous documents in the United OF OREGON Put pen to paper again. Write to your States of America, The Declaration of Inde IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressmen. Write to your local newspa pendence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776 by pers. It may even accomplish something representatives of the thirteen original colo Tuesday, March 8, 1988 positive. nies from New Hampshire to Georgia. That Mr. WYDEN. Mr. Speaker, last week the The British Establishment does not like to was the beginning of this nation. It an be exposed for what it is, especially in nounced to the world that the thirteen Small Business Subcommittee on Regulation America. Make sure that all of the candi former British colonies in North America and Business Opportunities held a hearing dates in the forthcoming elections are per were now free from the rule of King George that revealed new data on the accuracy of fectly aware of the sordid truth. the Third. medical laboratory testing. The hill is steep-and the stone is big. "They were independent states, but they What we have learned is frightening: thou were also united and determined to fight for sands of labs aren't regulated at all, there are their freedom at any cost. Ever since that no uniform standards for lab accuracy and - A TRIBUTE TO ANDREW time Americans have regarded their declara there is no public accountability for. poor per MARTIN tion as something sacred, like the flag, per haps almost as sacred as the Bible. Thou formance. sands of American tourists view it every The subcommittee heard testimony from the HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS year to remind them how lucky they truly College of American Pathologists [CAP], are and how proud they should always be. which runs a quarterly proficiency testing pro OF PENNSYLVANIA The author of this historical document, gram that evaluates thousands of labs every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Jefferson, states in the very first year. In evaluating their data for the subcom paragraphs of the Declaration of Independ Tuesday, March 8, 1988 mittee, CAP found: ence that all men are created equal. They Twelve percent of hospital labs missed sal Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, today I would like have the right to live, to be free. It also says that governments have been set up to pro monella in tests. Salmonella can be deadly to recognize the achievement of Andrew tect the lives, happiness, and liberties of the and can reach epidemic proportions in some Martin, a constituent of mine from Harrisburg, people. This sums up what Americans be environments if not detected. PA. On Friday, March 11, 1988, family, lieve, and what they have tried to live up to. Among 2,700 hospital laboratories, 10 per friends, and his Congressman will gather to "After all these years it reminds us that cent failed to achieve acceptable results on witness the presentation of the prestigious every person has the right to be free and to platelet counts, tests to detect leukemia and rank of Eagle to Andrew. The Eagle Court of be treated like a human being. Heritage," he bone marrow abnormalities. Honor will be held at Church of Jesus Christ went on, "is property that is or can be in Cholesterol tests to prevent heart disease of Latter-Day Saints in Harrisburg. herited, any condition or culture which is handed down to one, as by ancestors. Ameri vary so widely that contradictory indications As a young citizen, Andrew has displayed ca's liberty has been passed down by our an on the same sample can still be considered his energetic capabilities by participating in cestors, this is our heritage. Our ancestors "accurate." many different projects and community serv enjoyed their freedom enough to be Ameri These problems surfaced despite a grading ices. can and to live and prosper in this country. system for lab accuracy that, according to I am proud to recognize Andrew Martin for "One point that should be made, though, HHS's inspector general, "virtually assures ac his outstanding contributions to his communi is that this concept did not mean life in a ceptable results for 95 percent" of labs under ty. His unselfish attitude toward others has set free country comes easily. Our ancestors had endured many hardships as they fought evaluation. CAP uses an "averaging" method an example for the rest of us to follow. I to keep America free. Each war that Amer to grade labs that establishes a mean grade would ask my colleagues in the U.S. Congress ica has fought in some way has something as the acceptable performance level. to join me in congratulating Andrew on this to do with this liberty. Each president The subcommittee then turned attention to very special occasion. whom we have elected helped America's rep- an evaluation of State laboratory regulation March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3567 compiled on request by the General Account gram, which recognizes the fact that market much-needed emotional and moral support. ing Office. The GAO study reports that 13 rate rental costs vary according to region of So we rejoice that the family will soon be re States don't regulate independent labs at all. the country, is available only to very low united with their daughter in Israel, free to Thirty-six States do not regulate physician income families. The certificate program, al practice the religious beliefs which are the office labs. Many States regulate only a hand though it includes low income and very low very core of their existence. We cannot, how ful of tests. income families, does not reflect the cost of ever, forget the many thousands upon thou To make matters worse, the Federal regula living in the 1980's in suburban New Jersey. sands of other refuseniks whom they will tory system has virtually shut down. The Cen Although the tenants of my district are leave behind. Indeed, we cannot rest until all ters for Disease Control stopped its proficien among the first in the Nation to face this Soviet Jews and other minorities who desire cy testing program in 1986. CDC shares the crisis, there are approximately 68 New Jersey to emigrate have been granted the permission little information it does receive on lab accura projects eligible for repayment and nationwide to which they are entitled by numerous inter cy with the Health Care Financing Administra over 330,000 units. national agreements. tion. But, my subcommittee was told last week Not all owners will elect to prepay their that HCFA rarely, if ever, penalizes a lab for mortgages. Unfortunately, however, the most poor performance. likely to take that step are those who have DEFENSE BUDGET Mr. Speaker, my subcommittee will continue projects in areas in which housing costs are its investigation into laboratory issues to help rising most rapidly, with the result that their HON. JOEL HEFLEY make medical tests more accurate. The next existing tenants will have the most trouble re OF COLORADO in our series of hearings will examine the re locating. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sults of a study conducted for the subcommit We must be concerned for these tenants Tuesday, March 8, 1988 tee by Richard Kusserow, the inspector gener who, through no fault of their own and almost al of the Department of Health and Human without warning, face a housing crisis. The Mr. HEFLEY. Mr. Speaker, there is little Services. tenants are as deserving of help after the question that defense and defense-related in owner pays off the mortgage as before, but dustry is vital to the Fifth District of Colorado's they now are being forced to look for a new economy. We have one of the most diverse PRESERVING LOW-COST place to live in an area that has just lost a groups of defense installations of anywhere in HOUSING low-cost housing unit. I believe that my bill, the country. Not only do we have Falcon Air making vouchers available to existing tenants Force Station and Peterson Air Force Base HON. DEAN A. GALLO is the most effective and workable way to pro within the district, we host Fort Carson, OF NEW JERSEY vide that help. NORAD, the Air Force Academy, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Strategic Defense Initiative's [SOl] National Test Facility fNTF] as well. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 FREEDOM GRANTED TO The test facility alone represents the largest Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro NATASHA KHASSINA single SOl budget item and the largest single ducing a bill that will provide a mechanism to military construction expenditure in the 1988 protect low-income tenants from the dire con HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN budget. It will bring an estimated 2,000 jobs to sequences that follow when an owner of fed OF NEW YORK the district over the next 5 years, 300-500 of erally assisted housing decides to prepay his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these by this summer. Overall military con or her mortgage. struction funds appropriated for Colorado in My bill amends section 8(o)(3) of the United Tuesday, March 8, 1988 this year's budget represented over twice as States Housing Act of 1937 to allow low Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am most much appropriation as the previous year. In income tenants to qualify for the housing pleased to inform my colleagues that this past addition to the $35 million appropriated for voucher demonstration program. weekend Moscow OVIR officials informed construction of the NTF, another $39 million is The 2-year interim plan set in place in the longtime activist and Soviet Jewish refusenik ticketed for military construction projects at recently enacted Housing and Community De Natasha Khassina that emigration permission Fort Carson, Peterson Air Force Base, the Air velopment Act came too late for the residents had been granted to her. Coming on the heels Force Academy, and the Rocky Mountain Ar of Cherry Hill Garden Apartments and Dover of Secretary Shultz' visit to Moscow, and just senal, plus $2 million for the Space Environ Gardens 1, both of which are located in my prior to Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard She ment Forecast Center at Falcon. district, the 11th Congressional District of New vardnadze's arrival in the United States later Is it any wonder then that the President's Jersey. Further, H.R. 4 contains an interim so this month, such good news is indeed wel defense request in the 1989 budget is of great lution while the measure I propose is a perma comed. significance to the Fifth District. President nent solution that, with little modification, can Natasha Khassina and her husband, Gen Reagan is asking for new defense-related ap be made part of any new mechanism de nady Khassin, were refused repeatedly, on se propriations totaling $299.5 billion, a 2.8-per signed to preserve our stock of low-cost hous crecy grounds, since their first application was cent increase over the 1988 funding level. ing. made over a decade ago. A distinguished The administration estimates, however, that As a result of earlier congressional attempts mathematics professor who authorized four inflation between fiscal 1988 and 1989 will to provide housing for the less fortunate, in texts and numerous articles, Gennady was boost by 3.6 percent the cost of goods and the 1960's and early 1970's, low-income fami dismissed from his position, while Natasha, a services to the Pentagon, so in real dollars, lies were assisted through a process that physicist, had not been able to work in her the President's request actually represents a called for reducing the owner's mortgage pay profession since 1964. Still, the refusal was decrease of about 0. 7 percent. ments and passing along to the tenants the based upon Natasha's work, and when the Of the total defense request, $290.8 billion consequent reduction in operating costs. The designation was removed from her file, it was in new budget authority is for the Defense De Department of Housing and Urban Develop applied to his. The see-saw designation per partment. An additional $8.1 billion is request ment controlled the rents. sisted for years as the family remained in re ed for nuclear-energy programs carried out on However, in certain instances, the agree fusal. the Pentagon's behalf by the Energy Depart ment between the owner and the Government Natasha Khassina has been described by ment. The remaining $645 million is for minor allowed the owner to prepay the mortgage. some as a hybrid of Natan Sharansky and Ida programs such as attack-related civil defense Having prepaid, owners are then free to raise Nudel. A vocal and tireless activist for the planning. rents to market level thereby removing the rights of Soviet Jews, she has never waivered In an effort to bring the Pentagon's spend units from the supply of housing available to in her efforts to bring about official Soviet ing in line with congressionally mandated low-income families. compliance with the provisions of the Helsinki budget caps, this request marks a significant When the owner of Dover Garden and Final Act. Natasha is also one of the most departure from the defense budgets of most Cherry Hill prepaid, the resident low-income compassionate individuals, as she opened her of the Reagan administration. tenants were placed between a rock and a home to other refuseniks and assisted them In Reagan's first 2 years in office, Congress hard place. The demonstration voucher pro- with any problem that arose, and provided supported a surge in defense funding at an 3568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 average annual rate of more than 10 percent such problems as the education crisis; unfair of the administration's principal foreign affairs in addition to the cost of inflation. For the last international trade practices; inadequate hous policymakers, congressional leadership and 3 years, Congress has made a habit of pass ing for our people; clean air; welfare reform; relevant committee chairmen. The need for in ing funding levels just short of the inflation and arms control, as well as other issues of stitutionalizing greater consultation and coordi rate causing the Pentagon's budget to decline war and peace-and no doubt find both suc nation between the two branches will only in real terms. This is the case with the new cesses and failures. become more acute in the future. Without reg budget proposal. Having issued a warning about the durability ular consultation during the policymaking proc Carlucci's budget request for fiscal 1989- of any predictions, let me outline what, in my ess, it is likely that we will see increased mi some $32.5 billion less than Weinberger drew view, will constitute the major challenges for cromanagement of foreign policy by the Con up a year ago-includes significant cuts in the Congress during the years ahead. gress accompanied by a continuing temptation original Reagan defense plan. For example: a The first challenge is to build an effective on the part of the Executive to bypass Con 1.6 percent reduction (36,000) in the 2.17 mil partnership with the executive branch: gress. The result could be a growing, and de As I suggested earlier, although the Consti lion active-duty military personnel; removing served, perception among our allies and ad tution has served us remarkably well, periods from active duty an Army brigade, two Air versaries of inconsistency in U.S. policy. of strain have occurred throughout our history, Force fighter wings and 16 Navy frigates; and Such trends, if left unchecked, would cer including serious constitutional crises. A cer cancelling the production of several major tainly complicate our ability as a nation to weapons such as the Navy's A-6F carrier tain amount of tension between the branches of Government is healthy-this was anticipat manage the challenges of an interdependent based bombers and the Midgetman missile. world in which the relative economic power of At a breakfast I had with Secretary of De ed by the Founders, and is an inevitable by the United States is declining. Greater coop fense Carlucci this week, the Secretary ex product of our cherished checks-and-balances eration-not confrontation-between the pressed his willingness for the Defense De system. Moreover, the American people have branches of Government is needed to devel partment to do its share to solve the budget made it clear they want competition between op the more effective diplomacy and more co crisis. He has tried to do this by cutting pro the branches, by voting frequently to place the herent policies essential to advance our na grams and personnel. We cannot weaken the executive and legislative branches in control tional agenda of peace, democracy, and eco security of the Nation, however, in the face of of different political parties. an aggressive adversary like the Soviet Union. Trust and openness are critical to building nomic development. In times of such severe budget problems, it an effective partnership. Developing such a The second challenge Congress will face is is important to be as fiscally conservative as foundation is a difficult task for a government to insure that our institutions adapt and keep possible. We must remember, though, to be of shared powers such as ours, but even pace with the requirements of the new infor fiscally responsible. We, the Congress, must more essential when sharp partisan differ mation age. carefully choose the programs of greatest im ences are evident. It requires vision, leader The Congress already is confronted with a portance to the Nation. Perhaps our greatest ship and plain hard work on the part of both case of potential overload from the increased responsibility to the American citizens is to great branches of Government: the willingness complexity and technical nature of modern so ensure their safety and freedom. to consult in advance; to keep confidences; to ciety. There has been a dramatic rise in con listen and compromise; to establish mutually gressional workload since World War II. Com accepted facts in advance of determining poli mittees and subcommittees with split jurisdic CONGRESS AND THE CHAL cies. And there must be willingness to do tion have proliferated. LENGES OF OUR THIRD CEN more than pay lip service to the principle of What will the demands on our time look like TURY open government, as well as the political 10 or 20 years from now? Will the Congress courage to share the glory of successes and retain a collegial character or take on ever in HON. DANTE B. FASCELL the responsibility for mistakes. creasing characteristics of a formalized bu OF FLORIDA The costs of failure to establish a working reaucracy? Will the practice of greater reli IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partnership based on trust are enormous-the ance on staff continue to expand? And what damage of a disaster such as the Iran-Contra Tuesday, March 8, 1988 will be the impact of such developments on affair is not measured in poll ratings but in lost the trend over the past decades of increasing Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the turbulent confidence and diminished effectiveness. It is internal democracy within the Congress? history of the world teaches us to be humble no coincidence that President Reagan's suc As the information din grows, the Congress in our predictions about the future of this great cess rate in winning votes in the Congress in will face an increasingly acute problem of country and of this institution. Nevertheless, 1 1987 dipped dramatically, to the lowest level management and philosophy. Assuring that say, again, with confidence that the instrument of any President in decades. the necessary business of the Republic is ac which has carried us through 200 years as a Perhaps the most difficult area in which to complished in a timely manner is already a dif nation, the U.S. Constitution, will continue to establish an effective partnership between the ficult task. Reforms will be needed in our in be our compass for charting a course into the executive and the Congress is in the area of ternal procedures, particularly in the budget next century. This covenant has fulfilled its foreign affairs. In part this is because the Con process, so that the will of the majority can be promise as the institutions it created have stitution divides foreign affairs and national se more easily worked. A careful balance must proven tremendously resilient and flexible. An curity responsibilities between the two be struck in favor of greater efficiency, without chored to the vision contained in this remarka branches, and leaves a large gray area which ble document, as a government and as a one former Supreme Court Justice termed "a sacrificing advances made toward greater Congress we have managed-not always zone of twilight"-where the President and openness in Government and internal democ without strain-to meet the requirements of the Congress "may have concurrent authority, racy in our procedures. our rapidly changing Nation. or in which its distribution is uncertain." Both the Congress and the Executive rightly In working to fulfill the lofty ideals set out in In a recent issue of Foreign Affairs, eminent decry the breakdown of the normal appropria the Constitution, our predecessors in the Con constiutional scholar Louis Henkin comments tions mechanism, and denounce the current gress produced a record of proud accomplish on the tensions between the executive and practice of concocting annual, mammoth con ments, some of which I have recalled in this legislative branches on critical foreign policy tinuing resolutions, as undemocratic and bad series of talks. Acts which seemed pioneering issues such as war powers, nuclear strategy, government Finding a workable solution will at the time are now simply part of our land defense spending, foreign aid, and covert ac not be easy. For its parts, the Congress, and scape. Today we take for granted and consid tivities. He concludes that "good government particularly the Senate, will have to find new, er sacred rights institutions which were once as well as democracy demand fewer deci more efficient procedures, or face the pros hotly debated and highly controversial. sions by one representative alone, for war or pects of more ad hoc, and unusual mecha I am confident that the 1OOth Congress will in peace." nisms, such as the so-called budget summit leave its enduring mark as well. Of course, the As you know, Mr. Speaker, I have argued last year. great legislative battles of our day may not be many times in favor of establishing a perma The final challenge I want to mention con those considered crucial by future genera nent consultative mechanism on foreign af cerns a less tangible area, but one as equally tions. History will judge our efforts to address fairs, such as a standing committee consisting important to the future success of this institu- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3569 tion as the political and legislative issues I As American democracy reaches toward the The council was officially founded on March have discussed. tricentennial and beyond, future Congresses 6, 1938, and has been active in the Chicago Future Congresses must seek to reinforce will grapple with these challenges, and with community ever since. The Weber Council is the values of citizen involvement in Govern other issues we cannot even imagine at this fittingly named after the late Archbishop ment and community, which provide the foun time. The legacy of the 1OOth Congress will Joseph Weber who continues to inspire and, dation for representative democracy: be measured by our already substantial record in spirit, lead the council in their service to the Perhaps the first responsibility for this task of legislative accomplishments, and by our city of Chicago. The council's current mem lies with the Executive, which can more easily ability to deal with these perennial problems. bership of 300 is presided over by Grand speak with a single voice and use the symbol Knight Walter Skorski and is served by their ism of the President's office to great effect. chaplain, the Reverend Father Steve Kanonik. But the role of the Congress as a modern-day INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLA The council has offered the Chicago com ombudsman between the Federal Government TION TO SETTLE THE WATER munity a wide range of social and charitable RIGHTS CLAIMS OF THE SALT and the general citizenry, gives this institution programs over the 50 years of their existence a special power and responsibility. RIVER PIMA-MARICOPA INDIAN with a special emphasis on programs to aid COMMUNITY OF ARIZONA It is unfortunate but true that over the past the children, our future, One of the ways they two decades Government has lost a good have put this interest into action is by spon deal of its sparkle and popular appeal. There HON. JON L. KYL soring Boy Scout Troop No. 474. are some good reasons for this. Perhaps we, OF ARIZONA I am sure my colleagues join me in con as a people, expected too much from Govern IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gratulating the members of Archbishop Weber Council on their 50th anniversary and thanking ment. Errors of judgment and breaches of Tuesday, March 8, 1988 public trust by our country's leaders have them for their many contributions to the com been just as important in encouraging disen Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join munity. The service they have given is truly chantment as any overreaching by Govern my Arizona colleagues today in sponsoring deserving of our honor and recognition. ment programs. Since Jack Kennedy's spirited legislation to settle the water rights dispute call for citizen participation nearly 30 years between the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian community and its non-Indian neighbors in Ari DAVID SAKS TESTIFIES IN ago, we have had Vietnam, Watergate, the FAVOR OF H.R. 2213 Iran-Contra debacle, and today's spectacle of zona. multiple investigations of a sitting Attorney The legislation we are introducing is the General. result of years of negotiations. Many deserve HON.EDWARDJ.MARKEY credit for the positive result, particularly Secre OF MASSACHUSETTS To tap the extraordinary talent of the Ameri tary Don Hodel. Without his attention and his can people and to insure the vitality of our de IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leadership, it is likely that the parties to the mocracy through the next century, we must Tuesday, March 8, 1988 settlement would have been in Federal district restore Government service to the list of es court for years to come. However, with his ef Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, on Wednesday, teemed professions. The time has passed forts to date and with his continuing leader February 24, 1988, the Subcommittee on when America can afford to have leaders and ship, we can secure enactment of the bill this Telecommunications and Finance held a hear elected representatives who refer to Govern year and settle the water rights dispute once ing on H.R. 2213, the Hearing Aid Compatibil ment as if it were a plague destroying our so and for all. ity Act of 1988. At the hearing we were indeed ciety. This legislation reflects some give and take privileged to have the bill's primary sponsor, Through our actions and inaction, we, in from all sides. Non-Federal contributions my good friend and colleague from Massachu Congress, influence in a fundamental way how amount to about 60 percent of the entire setts, Congressman NICHOLAS MAVROULES. Americans view their Government. I am not value of the settlement-about $117 million in Among our other distinguished witnesses was suggesting that future Congresses should water and financial contributions. The Federal Mr. David Saks, cofounder and director of the seek to win a popularity contest or govern Government's contribution will amount to ap Organization for Use of the Telephone [OUT]. solely by public opinion polls. But developing proximately $77 million, $37 million of which is For more than 15 years Mr. Saks has been greater public understanding and appreciation already authorized. The community has set fighting for the rights of the hearing impaired. for the work of the Federal Government, and tled upon a fair amount of water. Long ago he recognized that the telephone is its legislative branch, would better equip the Mr. Speaker, pending lawsuits do not deliv not a luxury item, it is an essential part of our Congress to govern effectively and achieve er water to the Indian community or promote daily lives. In fact, for many senior citizens it is consensus on the difficult issues ahead. economic development there; they don't pro the primary link to the 'safety and companion On an even more basic level, we need to vide certainty about water availability in the ship of the outside world. The percentage of do something about the level of voter partici growing Phoenix area. They do divert re the population that is over 65 is increasing. pation in this country. It is perhaps explicable sources that could otherwise be used for pro We cannot confine our elders to a world of si but, nonetheless, a serious concern that a far ductive enterprises on and off the reservation. lence. higher percentage of Salvadorans put them The settlement is a fair one and it deserves While away from home while her husband selves at personal risk to vote in an untested early and favorable consideration by the Con was in the hospital, Reba Saks, David's wife, democratic system, than Americans turn out gress. Once my colleagues have had a who is severely hearing impaired, experienced to vote in the world's oldest democracy. chance to review it, I am sure they will agree. the terror and loneliness of not being able to Without popular participation, American de use the phone. For over a month she could mocracy will atrophy. In order to provide a not reach her husband at the hospital or her voice to voters now silent, future Congresses THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF family back home. Reba Saks is not alone; will have to find remedies, perhaps permitting ARCHBISHOP WEBER COUNCIL over 2 million hearing impaired persons have registration on the day of elections. NO. 2789, KNIGHTS OF COLUM limited access to the phone, and a majority of The three challenges I have described BUS these people are over 65. As a result of his managing shared power with the executive wife's experience, Mr. Saks founded OUT. branch; adapting to changing times; and keep HON. WILLIAM 0. LIPINSKI Since its inception, OUT has been a leader in ing alive the spirit of participatory democra OF ILLINOIS the battle to increase the hearing impaired's cy-are really no different from those faced by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES access to the phone. our predecessors in this great legislative body. There are very few advocates who can During my years of service in the Congress it Tuesday, March 8, 1988 match Mr. Saks' energy and dedication. From has become clear to me that just as these Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I take this op his small office in his home he has devoted challenges defy permanent solution, "what portunity to bring to the attention of my col countless hours, without compensation, lobby goes around, comes around." In looking for leagues the Archbishop Weber Council No. ing Congress and working with other groups remedies to current issues, the first step is to 2789, Knights of Columbus, on the 50th anni on issues of importance to hearing aid users. consider what has been tried before. versary of its founding. He was a major force bet1ind the passage of 3570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 the Telecommunications for the Disabled Act There has been worldwide concern over the gress reqmrmg all new telephones sold or of 1982, a law which took a big first step in special telecommunications problems faced leased in the United States to meet the FCC providing access to the telephone for hearing by hearing-impaired people. International technical standard for magnetic field aid users. Now Mr. Saks believes it is time to recognition of the vital role of telephone/ strength segment of Born in 1914, Mr. Saks now resides in Balti that a number of countries will adopt the the telephone industry is mushrooming more, MD. Fifteen years ago he retired from CCITT standard. under deregulation. More than 2,000 inter his furniture business and has been involved Subsequent evaluation established that connect companies reported 1985 sales the field strength standard recommended volume of $2.6 million. Much of this equip with OUT full time ever since. David and Reba ment is imported. Interconnect equipment have two daughters, four grandchildren, and I by the Electronic Industries Association [EIAl and adopted by the Federal Commu shares three important characteristics: <1) am told they are currently expecting their first nications Commission fell within the much of it is replacing utility-supplied HAC great-grandchild. I have attached excerpts of range of the international standard. telephones, (2) most is hearing aid incom a 1986 paper Mr. Saks coauthored entitled Although there is universal recognition of patible; and (3) a great proportion is import "Consumerism and the Disabled Consumer in the need for, and the benefits of, hearing ed. Imported telephones are largely hearing the Communications Marketplace," which he aid-compatible telephones, there is not uni aid incompatible. presented at a 1986 forum sponsored by the versal use of this technology by our tele Employees in offices and other businesses Annenberg Washington Program of North phone industry. More than 200,000,000 tele are most seriously affected by new hearing phones are in use in the United States. Of aid incompatible telephones. After having western University. I urge my colleagues to these fully 25 percent are not usable with functioned comfortably for years, suddenly read it. I believe it will provide valuable insight hearing aid telecoils. Due to the great influx they are confronted by new employer-owned into the problems the hearing impaired have in recent years of hearing aid incompatible telephone systems which do not transmit using the telephone and the solutions avail telephones from Europe and the Far East, sound in the old familiar inductive manner. able to those problems. both the number and the proportion of Even though accommodated with a usable CONSUMERISM AND THE DISABLED CONSUMER hearing aid compatible phones is increasing. phone at a personal desk or worksite, mobil IN THE COMMUNICATIONS MARKETPLACE Surely not cost: the cost of hearing aid ity is restricted; calls cannot be placed or an compatible receivers is on a par with incom Hearing aids have contained telecoils there is a glimmer of light In order to successfully couple telephones price for any telephone, regardless of com at the end of the tunnel. to hearing aids and to utilize the electro patibility, in a twelve store survey. [A more Present law and FCC regulations define magnetic energy which emanates from the recent survey confirms that at most retail frequently needed phones as new for use by basic AT&T ring armature receiver, hearing phones stores HAC phones are no more ex the public in such places as hotel lobbies aid manufacturers began to incorporate in pensive than incompatible phones] and airports; at an employee's worksite; in ductive capability into their more powerful The reason is not that hearing aid-com hospital rooms, unless another emergency aids. The happy outcome of this propitious patible telephones rely on an obscure tech signalling system is present; in hotel rooms, compatibility between the telephone's elec nology; induction has been known for many until 10 percent of the rooms have HAC tromagnetic field and the hearing aid's in years, and has thousands of applications phones. ductive receptor is the effective coupling of throughout the electrical and electronic in "Universal service" has been the central these two vital communication instruments dustries. The Netherlands requires all tele goal of telecommunications law and regula and the successful by-passing of the hearing phones to be HAC. A visitor to the Soviet tion for more than a half-century. Hearing aid microphone. With the microphone by Union during the summer of 1985, reported aid telecoil users have been an exception. passed feedback squeal is eliminated, back that unofficial personal observation led to Hearing-impaired people still are excluded ground noises are minimized and comforta the conclusion that all telephones in that from "all the people" for whom the original ble voice telephone communication is made vast country are hearing aid compatible. 1934 law sought access to effective tele possible for many individuals with severe Ample opportunity for a constructive solu phone service-unless they can affirmative and profound hearing impairments. tion is at hand. In addition to voluntary ly demonstrate emergency or frequent need The telephone/hearing aid compatibility standardization on HAC receivers, legisla and if the frequently needed phones were issue is not unique to the United States. tion is pending before both Houses of Con- installed after January 1, 1985.