March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3549 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE IRAN/CONTRA AFFAIR constitutional system of shared powers be­ initiatives and were supplied misleading in­ tween the Congress and the President be formation. made to work in the formulation and imple­ Colonel North said, "I did not want to HON. LEE H. HAMILTON mentation of foreign policy in a dangerous show the Congress a single word." OF INDIANA world?" In the Iran/Contra affair, secrecy was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES III. WHY DID THE COMMITTEES HOLD PUBLIC used to justify lies to the Congress, to the Tuesday, March 8, 1988 HEARINGS? Attorney General, to Cabinet officers and The Committees were created to find even to the CIA. Secrecy was used not as a Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to shield against our adversaries but as a insert a copy of a speech that I gave summa­ facts, and to investigate the process failures. Our purpose was to get the facts, not the weapon against our own democratic institu­ rizing the Iran/Contra affair into the CONGRES­ President. tions. SIONAL RECORD: The Congress gets information principally Admiral Poindexter wrote in one of his THE IRAN/CONTRA AFFAIR through holding hearings. The Select Com­ prof notes, "Withhold true objectives from staffs." I. WHY WERE THE HEARINGS HELD? mittees obtained large amounts of evidence through staff work and private depositions <4> Intelligence was misused. The hearings were held because in the Too often intelligence estimates were used course of the conduct of the Government's but the open hearings contributed to the public understanding of these events and as a tool to make policy look good rather business something went seriously wrong. than as a tool for making good policy. The Two policies led to the inquiry: The arms the workings of our system of government. We examined over 300,000 pages of docu­ Secretary of State testified that he did not sales to Iran and the diversion of funds trust the intelligence that he received with from those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras. ments, more than 500 witnesses. We held 41 days of public hearings. respect to these events. The first began with a document the Presi­ (5) There was too much reliance on pri­ dent forgot and the second began without Extremely complex facts had to be ana­ his knowledge. lyzed in testimony drawn out of the wit­ vate citizens and foreign governments to nesses who were often uncooperative. Be­ carry out American policy. The President's decision to sell arms se­ The NSC staff turned to private parties c~etly to Iran contradicted the long held, cause the task of the Committees was to Widely supported public policies of the inform rather than prosecute, strict court and third countries to do the government's United· States to make no concessions to ter­ room rules of evidence did not apply. Wit­ business. Sensitive negotiations were con­ rorists, to remain neutral in the Persian nesses could be forced to testify if granted ducted by parties with little experience in limited immunity and they could consult diplomacy and a financial interest of their Gulf war, and to stop the flow of arms to own. General Secord and Albert Hakim took Ira~. By selling arms to a nation officially lawyers before answering questions. designated by our government as a terrorist Since the witnesses were reluctant, adver­ $4% million in commission and used $2.2 state, major damage was done to U.S. credi­ sarial, inconsistent and often could not million for their personal benefit. . bility. Because of these policies, President recall significant events, pointed, tough, The solicitation of foreign funds by an ad­ Reagan was catapulted into the most seri­ probing questions were necessary. ministration to pursue foreign policy goals ous policy crisis of his presidency. Doing all of this in a public form rather rejected by the Congress is dangerous and The basic problem was that we were tell­ than behind closed doors let Americans improper. Such solicitations creates a risk ing all the world that we were doing one decide for themselves if the investigation that the foreign country will expect and thing, when in fact we were secretly doing was fair and thorough. There is no better demand something in return. When there is something else. way than television to present all of this to a quid, there is a quo. Our public policy was to remain neutral in the people of America. Moreover, under the Constitution only the war. Our secret policy was to sell arms the Congress can provide funds for the ex­ IV. WHAT THEN WERE THE MAJOR CONCLUSIONS ecutive branch. The power of the purse is to Iran. OF THE HEARINGS? Our public policy was not to make any one of the principle checks on the executive concessions for the release of hostages. Our <1) The Committees found no smoking action. It is designed among other things to secret policy was to trade weapons to get gun evidence that President Reagan was in­ prevent the executive from involving this the hostages back. volved in wrong doing, such as engaging in a country unilaterally in a foreign conflict. Our public policy was to ban arms ship­ cover up for approving the diversion of arms The Constitution does not prohibit the ments to Iran and to exhort our allies to ob­ sales money to the Contras. They did show President from asking a foreign state, or serve the embargo. Our secret policy was to that he allowed his aides to carry out secret anyone else, to contribute funds to a third sell sophisticated missiles to Iran and to policies with little supervision. party. But it does prohibit such solicitation promise more. <2> The Committees found there was too where the United States exercises control Our public policy was to urge all states to little accountability for decisions and ac­ over the receipt and expenditure. By cir­ punish terrorism. Our secret policy was to tions taken in the name of elected officials. cumventing Congress' power of the purse reward terrorism by selling them the arms A small number of officials made policy out­ through third-country and private contribu­ they wanted. side the democratic process. tions to the Contras, the administration un­ Our public policy was to observe the letter <3> Admiral Poindexter said, "The buck dermined a cardinal principle of the Consti­ and the spirit of the Boland Amendment stops with me." tution. which prescribed military assistance to the There was too much secrecy and decep­ (6) Covert actions were mis-used. Contras. Our secret policy was to fund the tion in government. Covert actions should always be used to Contras' military effort. The common ingredients of the Iran/ supplement, not to contradict our foreign Our public policy was to conduct covert Contra policies were secrecy, deception and policy. They should not be used to impose a operations solely through the CIA. Our disdain for the law. ' foreign policy that the American people do secret policy was to permit the NSC staff to These officials told neither the Secretary not support. They should be conducted in become an operational agency and to use of State, the Congress, nor the American accordance with strict rules of accountabil­ private, non-accountable agents to conduct people of their actions. ity and oversight. covert activities concealed from the Con­ When their exposure was threatened, It is unwise to rely on covert actions as gress. they destroyed official documents and lied the core of our policy. But it was precisely The hearings were held because we sought to Cabinet officials, to the public, and to the because the public would not support the to discover how these events happened and elected representatives in Congress. They Contra policy and was unlikely to favor the how they could be prevented. even withheld key facts from the President. arms deal with Iran that the National Secu­ Crucial information was withheld from rity Council went underground. II. WHAT WERE THE CENTRAL ISSUES OF THE the Congress, from important allies, and <7> Throughout Iran/Contra there was HEARINGS? from the American people. The Secretaries shown a disdain for the Congress. The central question before the Select of Defense and State and even the President Officials holding no elected office repeat­ Committees-at least for me-was, "Can our were not informed of major foreign policy edly evidenced disrespect for Congress' ef-

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 forts to perform its constitutional oversight There is no evidence that the Vice Presi­ without informing the Congress as Admiral role in foreign policy. dent was aware of the diversion. He attend­ Poindexter did. Admiral Poindexter testified, "I simply ed several meetings on the Iran initiative Unresolved questions remain. We don't did not want any outside interference." but none of the participants could recall his know what happened to all the money. We Elliott Abrams acknowledged in his testi­ views. don't know why the President agreed to sell mony that unless Members of Congress One of his advisors was told about the ac­ arms to Iran. We don't know what created asked "exactly the right question using ex­ tivities of Col. North but he testified that the climate in the White House that led actly the right words they weren't going to he did not consider these facts worthy of aides to believe secrecy and short cuts were get the right answers." the Vice President's attention. permitted. We don't know exactly what the Numerous other officials made false state­ Of course the central question is the role role of the CIA director was. We do not ments to and misled the Congress. of the President. know the extent of third country involve­ In a system of shared powers decision As it stands the President has publicly ment. We did not resolve all the contradic­ making requires mutual respect between the stated that he did not know of the diversion. tions in the testimony. branches of government. We were reminded Admiral Poindexter said that he shielded Keep in mind that the independent coun­ during the hearings that "trust is the coin the President from knowledge of the diver­ sel is deciding whether criminal action of the realm." sion. Col. North said that he never told the should be brought against any of the par­ <8> Throughout the hearings that was a President but he assumed the President ticipants. disdain for law. knew. The covert program of support for the Nevertheless, the ultimate responsibility VII. WHAT DID THE COMMITTEES RECOMMEND? Contras evaded the Constitution's most sig­ for the events of Iran/Contra must rest Although the Committee made some legis­ nificant check on executive power that the with the President. If he did not know what lative recommendations, my sense is that President could spend funds on a program his national security advisors were doing, he the solution to the problem revealed in the only if he could convince Congress to appro­ should have. hearings lie less in new structures or new priate the money. The Constitution requires the President laws than in proper attitudes. Some recom­ The covert program of support for the to take care that the laws be faithfully exe­ mendations were made, but the Committees Contras was an evasion of the letter and cuted. This charge encompasses a responsi­ did not design their work to develop legisla­ spirit of the Boland Amendment. The covert bility to leave the members of his adminis­ tion. operations were required to be disclosed to tration in no doubt that the rule of law gov­ The lessons of the Iran/Contra affair are the Intelligence Committees but no disclo­ erns. basic ones. Fundamentally, what we have to sure was made. He has the responsibility to communicate do is to return to the constitutional and tra­ False statements to the Congress are felo­ unambiguously to his subordinates that ditional ways of making decisions. Officials nies if made with knowledge and intent. they must keep him advised of important must observe constitutional principles. Gov­ Covert actions were carried out without a actions that they take. ernment policy should not be kept secret. personal determination by the President, His advisors disregarded the Boland Laws should be obeyed. Public officials without a written finding as required by Amendment, several statutes, several execu­ should be honest. Congress and the Presi­ law. tive orders. They lied, they shredded docu­ dent must work together in an atmosphere The President did not make a disclosure ments, they covered up their actions. All of of mutual respect and trust. to the Intelligence Committees of findings these facts are on the public record. These It is time to put the Iran/Contra affair as required by law. actions do not comport with the notion of a behind us, but not its lessons. The Committees made no determination country guided by the rule of law. The as to whether any particular individual in­ President of the United States has yet to volved in the Iran/Contra affair acted with condemn their conduct. VOTING RECORD criminal intent or is guilty of a crime. That The President told the American public a is a matter for the independent counsel and number of things that were simply wrong. the courts. The Committees do reject any He said the U.S. government had no connec­ HON. MORRIS K. UDALL notion that worthy ends justify violation of tion with the Hasenfus airplane. He said the OF ARIZONA the law by government officials. There is no early reports of arms sales for hostages had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place in government for law breakers. no foundation. He said the United States V. THE KEY QUESTION OF COURSE IS WHO IS had not traded arms for hostages. He said Tuesday, March 8, 1988 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IRAN/CONTRA AFFAIR? the United States had not condoned the Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, it has become my arms sales by Israel to Iran when in fact he At the operational level the central figure practice from time to time to list my votes in was clearly Lt. Col. North. He coordinated had approved them and signed a finding. All of these statements by the President were the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I strongly be­ all the activities. He was involved in all as­ lieve that the people of the Second Congres­ pects of the operation. But he did not act wrong. alone. In my view, whether the President knew sional District of Arizona have a right to know He had the express approval of Admiral of the diversion is not conclusive on the where I stand on the issues decided by this John Poindexter as the National Security issue of his responsibility. The President body, and I have found that printing my record Advisor. He at least had the tacit approval created, or at least tolerated, an environ­ here is the best way to provide that informa­ of Robert McFarlane, the former National ment where those who did not know of the tion. Security Advisor. diversion believed with certainty that they were carrying out the President's policies. This is not an all-inclusive list. I have omit­ The late Director of Central Intelligence, ted noncontroversial votes such as quorum VII. WHAT DID THE HEARINGS ACCOMPLISH? William Casey, encouraged North, gave him calls, motions to resolve into the Committee direction, promoted the concept of an extra I view the hearings as an essential part of of the Whole House, and motions to approve legal covert organization. Casey insulated the sell-cleansing process of our system of CIA courier employees from knowledge of government. the Journal of the previous day. what he and the NSC staff were doing. It Because of the hearings we see more clear­ The descriptions are necessarily somewhat was Casey who brought in General Secord ly what happened, and what needs to be short, and I am sure that some of my constitu­ into the secret operation. done to make our system work better. I ents will have additional questions about the But of course we are mindful of the fact hope the hearings helped restore public issues described here. So I invite them to that the evidence concerning Casey comes confidence in the Constitution and in the write me for more specifics. almost solely from North. We were not able process of government. The votes are described as follows: to contact Director Casey directly before his I am encouraged by the several steps the death. President has taken, including changing KEY The Attorney General conducted a fact White House personnel, prohibiting Nation­ 1. Rollcall Number; finding inquiry. That inquiry departed from al Security Council members from under­ 2. Number of the bill or resolution; standard investigation techniques. For ex­ taking covert actions, and promising to 3. Title of the bill or resolution; ample, he saw Director Casey hours after report covert actions to the Congress 4. A description of the vote; the Attorney General learned of the diver­ promptly. 5. The outcome of the vote; sion memorandum yet he never asked Casey I believe that the hearings will have a 6. The vote total; about the diversion. He did not ask Poin­ lasting impact on the decision making proc­ 7. My vote, in the form Y=yes, N=no, and dexter what the President knew. He waited ess. I think they will act as a deterrent to NV =not voting; for too long a period to seal Col. North's of­ short cutting the system. My guess is that it 8. The vote totals of the Arizona delega­ fices. And these lapses place a cloud over will be a long time before the National Secu­ tion (yes-no-not voting); the Attorney General's investigation. rity Advisor makes a foreign policy decision 9. The date. March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3551 251. HR 2782. National Aeronautics and Johnson, R-Conn., amendment to reduce by 2470 be replaced with text of HR 2941, a Space Administration Authorization, Fiscal 2 percent all amounts made available by the compromise package of the versions of HR 1988-Administrator Qualifications. Smith, bill and not otherwise required by law. 2470 reported by the Ways and Means and R-N.H., amendment to delete language Adopted 218-166:N(4-1-0>, July 13, 1987. Energy and Commerce Committees. Adopt­ specifying that the NASA administrator and 264. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria­ ed 248-174:Y, July 9, 1987. Gramm-Rudman-Hollings anti-deficit law, 280. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur­ 254. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria­ PL 99-177>. Adopted 260-150:Y<2-3-0), July ance Bill-Motion to recommit. Crane, R­ tions, Fiscal 1988-Rule. Adoption of the 14, 1987. Ill., motion to recommit to the Ways and rule to provide for House floor 268. HR 2906. Military Construction Ap­ Means Committee the bill with instructions consideration of the bill to make appropria­ propriations, Fiscal 1988-Across the Board to determine the impact of potential costs tions for the Department of Transportation Cut. Rhodes, R-Ariz., amendment to reduce on the bill's prescription-drug program for and related agencies in fiscal 1988. The rule all appropriations in the bill by 0.9 percent. drugs to fight the disease AIDS. Motion re­ would waive points of order against the bill Rejected 140-281:Y<3-2-0>. July 14, 1987. jected 187-244:N<4-1-0>. July 22, 1987. for failure to comply with the new spending 269. HR 2906. Military Construction Ap­ 281. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur­ authority limitation contained in the 1985 propriations, Fiscal 1988-Passage. Passage ance Bill-Passage. Passage of the bill to Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit of the bill to appropriate $8,079,000,000 for protect Medicare beneficiaries from cata­ Control Act . Adopted 266-148:Y, July 28, 1987. tions, Fiscal 1988-Demonstration Projects. tions, Fiscal 1988 Across the Board Cut. 286. HR 618. Displaced Salvadorans and McMillan, R-N.C., amendment to cut $20.4 Stenholm, D-Texas, amendment to impose a Nicaraguans-Passage. Passage of the bill to million in funding in the bill for five high­ 4.74 percent across the board cut for all dis­ require the U.S. Government to suspend the way demonstration projects funded from cretionary spending, amounting to an esti­ deportation for about two years of Salvador­ the general fund rather than the Highway mated $420 million reduction in spending. ans and Nicaraguans who have entered the Trust Fund. Rejected 177-217:N<4-1-0), July Rejected 207-210:N(4-1-0), July 15, 1987. United States illegally. They would be re­ 13, 1987. 275. HR 2907. Treasury Postal Appropria­ quired to return to their native countries 261. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria­ tions, Fiscal 1988-Passage. Passage of the when conditions at home improve and tions, Fiscal 1988-Amtrak. McMillan, R­ bill to provide $15,385,529,000 for the Treas­ would be barred from most forms of federal N.C., amendment to reduce the bill's fund­ ury Department, the U.S. Postal Serivce, assistance while they are in the United ing for the Amtrak national passenger rail­ the Executive Office of the President and States. Passed 237-181:Y, July 28, road from $614 million to $594.8 million, the certain independent agencies. The President 1987. current level of funding. Rejected 171- had requested $14,605,851,000 for these de­ 287. HR 3022. Temporary Debt Limit In­ 221:N<4-1-0), July 13, 1987. partments and agencies. Passed 254- crease-Rule. Adoption of the rule (H Res 262. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria­ 158:Y<2-3-0>, July 15, 1987. 233) to provide for House floor consider­ tions, Fiscal 1988-Across the Board Cut. 276. HR 2470. Catastrophic Health Insur­ ation of the bill to increase temporarily the Penny, D-Minn., amendment to reduce by ance Bill-Rule. Adoption of the rule to provide for House floor consid­ $2.111 trillion, through Aug. 6, 1987. After the bill and not otherwise required by law. eration of the bill to protect Medicare bene­ that deadline the limit would revert to Rejected 189-198:N<4-1-0), July 13, 1987. ficiaries from catastrophic health care costs $2.111 trillion if no further action were 263. HR 2890. Transportation Appropria­ and to otherwise expand the program. The taken. Adopted 243-169:Y and the Home Loan Bank system, providing loans for ital. American Battle Monuments Commission the acquiring entity, and indemnification Unlike many of the nation's problem is amended by into the thrift. When the two parties failed that he isn't involved in the talk between Ford and the Bank Board. adding at the end thereof the following new to consummate that improbable marriage, subsection: BFF embarked on a search for another The industry officials said that Ford's big thrift unit, First Nationwide Bank, is trying (C) $200,000,000 LIMITATION.- buyer as losses mounted. "(!) IN GENERAL.-Notwithstanding subsec­ If the search for capital didn't provide a to devise a method of guaranteeing the FSLIC payments that is acceptable to both tion or any other provision of law, gross clue to BFF's dwindling net worth, then income of a domestic building and loan asso­ other tell-tale signs should have. According Ford and the Bank Board. Discussions be­ tween Ford and the Bank Board, which ciation shall include the amount of FSLIC to a rating of thrift institutions by IDC Fi­ assistance received by such association to nancial Publishing Inc., published quarterly were suspended over the Christmas and New Year's holidays, resumed this week, the the extent that the amount of such assist­ by The Baltimore Sun, BFF's net worth was ance exceeds $200,000,000 reduced by the less than the required 3 percent of assets at officals said. Because the cost of closing or merging sev­ amount of any such assistance previously least three years ago. Its net income as a received by such association. percent of assets in 1985 was a minus .50 eral hundred insolvent thrifts is estimated at as much as $50 billion, many thrift execu­ "(2) FSLIC ASSISTANCE.-For purposes of and the rating for each quarter of that year paragraph (1), the term 'FSLIC assistance' was below average. According to IDC's most tives believe the FSLIC might be merged into the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. or means the amount of money received tober, BFF's net worth was still below the restructured during the next decade. Ford is concerned that in such a merger or restruc­ under the circwnstances referred to in sub­ required 3 percent level and its ratings in section ." each of the previous four quarters were in turing, payments to large companies like Ford might not get the same kind of guar­ (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendment ranges that warranted "financial concern." made by subsection shall apply to Little wonder then that The Sun in a antees that retail depositors would receive. Another potential problem for Ford is amounts received after December 31, 1987, recent editorial asserted that BFF's "crum­ in taxable years ending after such date. bling condition has been known for several that the FSLIC was declared insolvent last years." The fact that the condition was al­ year by its auditor, the government's Gener­ SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON SPECIAL TREATMENT OF FI­ lowed to continue for as long as it did sug­ al Accounting Office. Industry officials have NANCIAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER SEC­ gests that other dandelions have germinat­ said that it is unclear how Ford's outside TION 382. ed in the environment in which BFF's prob­ auditors would treat promised future pay­ (a) GENERAL RULE.-Subparagraph (F) of lems grew. ments from the FSLIC in view of the GAO's section 382<1><5> of the Internal Revenue ruling. Code of 1986 passed the House last year. enjoy. The state of Washington challenged a Leonard Weiss, staff director of the The greatest legacy that Johnny has left to Navy interpretation of the Hatch Act yes­ Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, us is an English/Siovak hymnal which is used terday in federal court in Tacoma, claiming said the Senate is likely to approve Hatch at all services in St. Matthias. Years of re­ that an effort to prohibit federal workers Act revisions this year, "but it will not be the House bill, it will be more restrictive." search went into locating every possible from speaking at tonight's presidential party caucuses represents an unconstitu­ Weiss said that the Puget Sound situation hymn, even those that have been handed points up the "irrationality" of some of the down through generations orally and had not tional violation of federal workers' rights to free speech. current Hatch Act provisions. "That kind of yet been written down. He translated into Eng­ The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard base activity ought to be allowed." lish many of the Slovak hymns so the younger newspaper. The Salute, announced in a generations could sing them and still enjoy front-page article that employees of the melodies that originated in Slovakia. All of this shipyard could attend party caucuses, but SANDINISTA POLITICAL extensive research and labor resulted in a could not speak. The newspaper cited a REPRESSION priceless hard-bound hymnal for all future Hatch Act regulation prohibiting an individ­ generations to enjoy. ual from "addressing a convention, caucus, rally or similar gathering of a political party HON. DICK CHENEY It is hard to find anyone who gave so much in support of or in opposition to a partisan with such unselfish dedication. I wish him well candidate for public office." OF WYOMING in his retirement. Mr. Speaker, it is indeed a The shipyard employs 11,500 civilians and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great honor to pay tribute to such an out­ 5,500 military personnel in Bremerton, standing citizen like Mr. Johnny Olenik. Wash., a town of about 35,000. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 "This could have potentially a very drastic effect on our county," said James E. Som­ Mr. CHENEY. Mr. Speaker, I want to bring WASHINGTON STATE merhauser, representing Professional and to the attention of my colleagues and the CHALLENGES HATCH ACT Technical Engineers Local 12 in Bremerton. public an article which appeared in the Wash­ "Potentially a whole lot of people will just ington Post today. This article documents, in HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY give up on the caucuses and not go. disturbing detail, the use by the Sandinista "Before this rule came down, everybody government of turbas, or mobs, to attack the OF MISSOURI just went out and blatantly violated it," he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said. "It was always clear that you couldn't political opposition in Nicaragua and those Tuesday, March 8, 1988 be a delegate, but nobody knew this." who support it. It is already well-known and "This is not a Navy decision," said a Navy well-documented that the Sandinista govern­ Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, an article in today's spokesman. "We have to comply with the ment has engaged in the suppression of reli­ Washington Post addresses the continuing letter of the law." gious freedom in Nicaragua. Here is convinc­ gag order imposed on Federal civilian employ­ The government's independent Office of ing evidence, from a neutral eyewitness, of Special Counsel, which enforces the Hatch ees by the 1939 Hatch Act. systematic political repression. Those familiar The State of Washington yesterday filed a Act, said the rule is nothing new. "This is with history will be aware that tactics similar to suit in Federal court challenging the Navy De­ exactly what I read in the law," said Office of Special Counsel spokeswoman Laura those of the Sandinistas were used by the Na­ partment's interpretation of the Hatch Act to Baumgaertner. "I don't know who gave prohibit 11,500 civilian employees of the tional Socialist Movement, or Nazis, during them the impression it was anything differ­ Hitler's rise to power in Germany. I find it Puget Sound Naval Shipyard from speaking at ent." tonight's party caucuses to select Presidential Kitsap County Democratic Chairman almost too ironic for words that a government candidates. In a town of 35,000, prohibiting Richard McCool, a retired Navy captain, whose political tactics are beneath contempt one-third of the town's citizens from actively said, "I do know several people who are can be considered credible when it promises participating in expressing their inherent first active locally who will not speak out in to democratize or that it can be considered amendment right of free speech is sheer order to protect their jobs but they will see deserving of support by those in the United that their views are made known by some­ States who claim they are friends of political lunacy. body else." Both Democratic and Republican Party County Republican Chairman Harold and economic freedom and justice. The article chairmen are quoted in highlighting the chilling Reynolds said he had received a large follows: 3556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 NICARAGUA REVIVES GANG TACTICS TO BLOCK clubs that had been issued beforehand, ty and democratic government, our nation OPPOSITION some bearing Sandinista flags. cannot long endure compromise measures At one point, one group of turbas discov­ engendered by our government's failure to ered some opposition demonstrators hiding place principle above partisan politics. Nor MANAGUA, NICARAGUA, March 7.-The San­ in a Catholic church on a sidestreet and can we be reluctant to act on the ideals on dinista party newspaper Barricada today de­ banged on the door with their sticks. which the United States was founded. scribed yesterday's street clashes in the city Their leader, a Sandinista youth member, Yet, that is exactly what the world wit­ of Masaya between progovernment and op­ spoke briefly with a priest who had come to nessed on February 3, 1988, when a simple position followers as "a true popular upris­ a window. The leader issued an order to majority of the House of Representatives ing against the right wing." leave the church alone, and the banging voted against the President's request for aid But many Masaya citizens put it different­ quickly ceased. to the Nicaraguan Resistance. The Ameri­ ly. "The turbas are back," one said. Recently two American diplomats got a can Legion urged its passage as the only The turbas, Spanish for "mob," are the ci­ small taste of turba-style tactics. prudent means to ensure Sandinista compli­ vilian shock troops of the eight-year-old Sent by the U.S. Embassy to observe a ance with the Central American Peace Plan, Sandinista revolution. Drawn from the most major Sandinista rally Feb. 26 in Managua, and as this hemisphere's best prospect for dedicated ranks of the ruling Sandinista Na­ they were watching an Interior Ministry freedom and democracy in all of Central tional Liberation Front . the club­ contingent file into a plaza when one offi­ America. carrying gangs include schoolboys, Army cial in the ranks spotted them and shouted, The vote against the request was a thinly veterans, feminists, factory workers, even el­ "Those men from the American embassy!" veiled showdown of power designed to usurp derly mothers who have lost sons in the war Moments later, the Interior Ministry the President's rightful place as the author against the contra rebels. They were out in group broke ranks, surrounded the diplo­ of foreign policy. Even as that drama un­ force in Masaya yesterday. mats and lifted one of them bodily off the folded, key members of the House an­ The Sandinista party sends turbas to ground, knocking off his glasses and rough­ nounced that they would develop an alter­ harass, intimidate and overwhelm its nu­ ing him up slightly while chanting anti­ native aid package. merically smaller political opposition by American slogans. Then they suddenly put Though some details of that compromise painting progovernment graffiti, shouting him down, fell back in line and marched on. package were announced only yesterday, slogans, throwing stones and swinging The Interior Ministry is in charge of polit­ you must cast your vote tomorrow. While sticks. Though Nicaraguans are rarely killed ical security and is believed to be, along with the Sandinista party, in charge of the we deplore such political manipulation of in turba attacks, many have been hurt. men and women who are now risking their The turbas emerged in late 1980. For four turbas. lives to bring freedom to Nicaragua, we are years they acted frequently against right-of­ Nicaraguans who turn out for turba ac­ tions are dedicated to the FSLN. Many are heartened that this vital issue has not yet center political parties and churches associ­ been finally decided. ated with the conservative Roman Catholic from the poorest families and have been close to the Marxist party since the mid- We have communicated to you our posi­ leader, Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. tion, representing the collective voice of After the 1984 elections in which Sandinista 1970s, when young, bearded Sandinista revo­ lutionaries were widely regarded as heroes four million veterans and their families; we President Daniel Ortega was elected, strict support both military and humanitarian aid state-of-emergency laws were enforced, and in the fight against the unpopular Somoza. activity by the turbas subsided. Yesterday, Ramon Gomez, a 36-year-old to the Nicaraguan Resistance as the only Ortega lifted the emergency in January to shoemaker and Sandinista loyalist, was car­ proven means of compelling democratic comply with a regional peace plan, but since rying a poster of a widely distributed photo­ reform in Nicaragua; and we support the then the FSLN has begun mobilizing its graph taken of him in Masaya in 1978 wear­ continuation of economic aid to and trade militants again to maintain a measure of po­ ing a mask and clutching a contact bomb, with the emerging democracies of Central litical control. fighting alongside the Sandinistas. "This is America. This element of a Central Ameri­ Masaya, located 20 miles south of Mana­ why I'm here today, repudiating the right­ can policy was set forth in the Jackson gua, strongly supported the Sandinistas in wing," Gomez said proudly, pointing at the Plan, a foreign policy initiative approved by their 1978-79 armed insurrection against picture. But their devotion has also bred in­ a large majority of the House of Represent­ dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Now, tolerance and frequently spawns blanket atives. Masaya is known for its strong opposition to condemnation of the opposition as being Any compromise measure is ill-advised in the Sandinista military draft and its eco­ CIA-backed. the face of overwhelming evidence of the nomic programs. Oppostion leaders said today that 27 per­ nature and intentions of the Sandinista The opposition, particularly in Masaya, sons were injured yesterday and 11 have not regime. Such waffling measures will come has street fighters as well, and opposition returned to their homes. A prominent back to haunt us in months to come; howev­ protesters also threw rocks yesterday. leader of the moderate Social Christian er, if this is the course you will set our gov­ The FSLN is the only party with trained, Party, Erick Ramirez, was dragged into the ernment on, it is imperative that the follow­ disciplined gangs who follow orders from street from a house where he was hiding by ing provisions be included in any humani­ higher officials. The turbas usually do not Sandinistas who tore off his shirt and hit tarian legislation worthy of serious consid­ act without approval from some official at him, his party said. eration: the highest level of the party and govern­ Humanitarian aid must be of sufficient ment. amount to actually meet the needs of the Normally the party recruits its gangs from THE AMERICAN LEGION Nicaraguan Resistance, and that amount unions, block committees and Sandinista SUPPORTS CONTRA AID should not be determined by political expe­ youth groups the day before an event and diency. issues precise instructions about the slogans HON. BOB McEWEN Such aid must be delivered in a reliable to be used and actions to be taken, rank­ and verifiable manner under the direct su­ OF OHIO and-file Sandinistas said in interviews. pervision of the U.S. Government, and not They are often advised not to say that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES under the auspices of any non-governmental they are closely affiliated with the FSLN, Tuesday, March 8, 1988 entity. but to describe themselves as spontaneous Military aid, which has already been ap­ demonstrators from "the people." Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, I would like to proved by both the House and Senate, must In Masaya, Federico Lopez, the FSLN take this opportunity to place in the RECORD a continue in the pipeline without diminution party chief and in practice the governor of letter I received this week which, I feel, offers and in accordance with the provisions of the the Masaya region, led several hundred San­ a very interesting viewpoint regarding whether previous appropriations authorized by Con­ dinistas on a chase after about 800 opposi­ or not the United States should adequately aid gress. tion demonstrators, who had gathered for a the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance. I sin­ More importantly, Congress must now de­ Women's Day march. cerely hope that my fellow colleagues take velop, and incorporate into this legislation, In a midday speech to about 3,000 excited note of this letter sent to me by the American criteria by which to measure Sandinista Sandinistas, Lopez first invited them to compliance with the Central American "confiscate" a movie theatre where the op­ Legion's National Commander, John P. Peace Plan. That criteria must include, position rally had started. The crowd began "Jake" Comer, who represents the collective among other provisions, that the Sandinis­ breaking chairs in the theater, but Lopez voices of roughly 4 million veterans. tas permit opposition parties to meet and changed his mind, and the crowd quickly THE AMERICAN LEGION, organize, guarantees of full freedom of the obeyed his orders to stop. Washington, DC, February 24, 1988. press, actual enactment of a cease-fire, am­ Several hundred Sandinista men arrived DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: When contending nesty for the Contras and the freeing of all at their party's rally yesterday with wooden with formidable enemies of individual liber- political prisoners. March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3557 Moreover, it is imperative that Congress She had served as academic dean from REPRESENTATIVE BONIOR TO agree upon and strictly enforce a reasonable 1927 until her retirement in 1969. For 10 RECEIVE NATIONAL CONSER­ deadline for such progress. If it finds that years after her retirement she remained at VATION AWARD the Sandinistas have not complied with the college as dean emeritus working on the these criteria, then it is the duty of the history of the college from 1945 to 1970. United States Government to immediately In 1978 Sister Clement was honored by HON. MORRIS K. UDALL reconsider appropriations for renewed mili­ OF ARIZONA tary and continuing humanitarian aid to the the college with a service medal for 61 years Nicaraguan Resistance. of continuous service to the institution and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to higher education. A book of essays, "In In this widely supported militia of free­ Tuesday, March 8, 1988 dom fighters, America has an ally in spirit. Words Commemorated," prepared during That ally is undoubtedly the Western Hemi­ the college's centennial year, was dedicated Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sphere's best hope for peace in Central to her in 1982. inform the membership that the chief deputy America. If we, by our neglect or indiffer­ Faculty, alumni and students were in con­ majority whip of the House of Representa­ ence, cause the Nicaraguan Resistance to stant amazement at Sister Clement's tives, DAVID E. BONIOR of Michigan, will this disband, it will eventually fall upon our own memory. Twenty years or more after a stu­ young men and women to fill the void they month receive the National Wildlife Federa­ leave. dent left Incarnate Word she not only could tion's 1987 National Conservation Achieve­ And if that should happen, the responsi­ remember the student's name and major ment Award in the legislative category. This bility will fall squarely on the shoulders of field but often followed the person's career award is given in recognition of distinguished those Members of Congress who knew their and marriage · and even knew the names of service and dedication to the environment and duty but refused to do it. children born to the student. to the conservation of our wildlife, land, water You must not let it happen. The opportu­ Sister Clement was proud to be a Texan and air. nity to avoid it lies clearly within your and in her final years at St. Joseph's Con­ It is my pleasure to support DAVID'S nomi­ grasp. This vote is your first opportunity to vent, had two strong loves-the college and place our Nation back on the proper course nation for this award. He has repeatedly come the Dallas Cowboys. She supported both to the service of the conservation community toward a sound foreign policy for Central with equal fervor. America. and has been instrumental in shaping our Na­ Sincerely, Even in her final days in intensive care, tion's public policy to account for the needs of JOHN P. "JAKE" COMER, she would encourage the nurses to attend our environment and natural resources. I have National Commander. the college and spoke of what academic pro­ had the great honor of receiving this award in grams it had to offer. the past and I am very pleased that DAVID In her first year as academic dean, the col­ BONIOR'S name will be added to the list of re­ A TRIBUTE TO SISTER CLEMENT lege had one building and a senior class of EAGAN cipients. eight students. She worked with the first For the information of my colleagues, I am president, the late Bishop Mariano S. Gar­ inserting into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an riga, and his successor, the late Mother Co­ HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ article on his receipt of this award that ap­ OF TEXAS lumkille Colbert. peared in the Macomb Daily, a local newspa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mother Colbert frequently referred to per in DAVID's district. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 Sister Clement as "a wonder" for her end­ less energy and lifelong memory of details. BONIOR TO RECEIVE NATIONAL CONSERVATION Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, it is with AWARD great sadness that I rise today to pay tribute A resident building on the campus, com­ and aerosol products but did not curtail other gan United Conservation Clubs. David F. Durenberger said Con­ uses. "I look on our water, land and air as a gress dropped efforts to regulate CFCs in Last year, spurred in part by the antarctic future-type issue," he said. "These things the early 1970s because of Du Pont's assur­ findings, the United States joined other na­ are gifts given to us and we have an obliga­ ances that it would stop producing the com­ tions in signing an international pact to tion to pass them on to our children." pounds if there were "creditable scientific reduce CFC use by 50 percent in the next evidence" of a health threat. decade. "We believe the time has arrived for the The pact opens the way for additional Du Pont corporation to fulfill that pledge," cuts that may be deemed necessary but has CONGRESS SHOULD HELP DU the senators said. been criticized by environmental groups and PONT KEEP ITS PROMISE ON In a response yesterday, Heckert called some scientists as inadequate. CFC'S the request "unwarranted and counterpro­ ductive" and said no scientific evidence sug­ gests that CFCs should be dramatically re­ PLEA FOR SAFE RELEASE OF HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK duced. AMERICAN HELD BY CONTRAS OF CALIFORNIA "A precipitous reduction in CFC supplies would be both unnecessary and highly dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ruptive," Heckert wrote. He said that the HON. TONY COELHO OF CALIFORNIA Tuesday, March 8, 1988 company stands by its commitment, but that "there is no agreement within the sci­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, fake corporate ig­ entific community on the potential health Tuesday, March 8, 1988 norance of scientific evidence is not a new effects of any already observed ozone phenomena. Tobacco companies for decades change." Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, I am disturbed have been maintaining smoking does not Du Pont invented CFCs in the early 1930s over the latest action by the Contra fighters in and is the world's leading supplier of the Nicaragua who last week captured and who cause cancer. The latest corporation to put a compounds, used as refrigerants, foam-blow­ sack over its head in an effort to ignore the continue to hold an American Methodist vol­ ing agents, industrial solvents and, outside unteer working for the Witness for Peace collective scientific wisdom is E.l. du Pont Ne­ of the United States and a few other na­ mours & Co. tions, as aerosol propellants. Du Pont's CFC effort. Du Pont is a leading producer of chloro­ sales were $600 million last year, a company David Boren was taken into detention by fluorocarbons or CFC's. Evidence that CFC's spokesman said. the Contras during fighting between Contras destroy the protective ozone layer in the strat­ In recent years, scientists have confirmed and Sandinista troops in the mountains 120 osphere is compelling. Du Pont indicated that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed, miles north of Managua. notably over the antarctic, where a "hole" This is the second Witness for Peace volun­ before the Congress in the 1970's that if the appears in the ozone layer each year. Inten­ chemical were found to be harmful, the com­ teer who has been captured and held by the sive research into the antarctic hole has Contras, and the incident follows coincidental­ pany would stop production of the chemical. identified chlorine as a major contributor to Du Pont when reminded of its promise in the depletion, and a significant source of ly close on the heels of last week's defeat of 1988, simply denies international scientific re­ chlorine in the atmosphere are man-made the Contra aid plan sponsored by our Demo­ ality. CFC's are a threat not only to human CFCs and related chemical compounds. cratic leadership, a defeat which the President health but crop production and other biologi­ Ozone filters out damaging ultraviolet applauded. rays, and loss of ozone increases the risk of cal life cycles. I call upon the White House and our State cancer and such eye ailments as cataracts. Department to exhaust all efforts and exert all If the Du Pont Co. were in the Presidential Government scientists have estimated that necessary pressure to ensure that Mr. Boren's race, it would rightly be accused of flip flop­ losses of even a small percentage of strato­ release will be a prompt one and that his ping or worse, not fulfilling its promise. I would spheric ozone could lead to hundreds of safety will be guaranteed by the Contras who hope Du Pont would have the corporate hon­ thousands of additional cases of skin cancer. hold him. esty and integrity to keep its deal with the Scientists interviewed yesterday agreed Congress and the American public by ceasing that no immediate health effects had been linked to ozone depletion over Antarctica, production of CFC's. populated only by a handful of researchers. HONORING AUDREY K. CZARNY However, because I do not believe that Du Health concerns stem from the fact that GAITIS Pont or other producers of CFC's will voluntar­ CFCs are extraordinarily long-lived in the ily reduce production of the chemical, I have atmosphere, meaning that today's emissions HON. ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES introduced legislation to raise the price of do­ are likely to be destroying ozone 75 years in OF CALIFORNIA the future. mestic and imported CFC's. By raising the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price alternative chemicals can be brought on "The question is how much risk do we avoid by cutting emissions now," said Irving Tuesday, March 8, 1988 line. Mintzer of the World Resources Institute. Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in the He said there is no doubt about chlorine's Mr. TORRES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today with RECORD an article from the Washington Post role in ozone depletion, "at least not in the pleasure to honor Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis. a summary of the situation. credible part of the scientific community." Mrs. Gaitis is retiring after 25 years of dedicat- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3559 ed public service as assistant city manager tries were judged by Youth to Youth, a nation­ ALAMO DAY from the city of South El Monte. Audrey will ally known and respected drug use prevention be recognized for her outstanding service to organization for teens, based in Columbus, HON. JOE BARTON the city of South El Monte at a special retire­ OH. OF TEXAS ment dinner on April 15, 1988. I share the immense pride felt by David's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis was born and parents, teachers and classmates. He is an raised in Minnesota. When she moved to exceptional young man. It is with great esteem Tuesday, March 8, 1988 southern California, she did not realize that and admiration that I pay tribute to David Mr. BARTON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, as you she would embark upon a 25-year career in Kane of Warren, OH. know March 6 was an important anniversary municipal service. in Texas history. It is the day in which the final Audrey's first contact with South El Monte battle for the Alamo took place. I would like to came in June, 1961. At that time, she was LOSING A TRUE LEADER share with you and my other colleagues two employed by a private consulting firm which poems which commorate this historic day. The had been hired to promote annexations in and HON. NEWT GINGRICH poems were written by Mr. Carlos Jackson a around the newly incorporated city. After 2 teacher of Texas history at Hearne Junior years, she left the consulting firm to work on OF GEORGIA High School in Hearne, TX. future annexations as a part-time city employ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ee. Over the next 25 years, Audrey held a TEXAS PRIDE multitude of titles and responsibilities in the Tuesday, March 8, 1988 To pay the price, to sacrifice, to fight like city; touching upon virtually every major de­ freedom loving men will do, at Ana­ Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, the city of At­ huac, the Alamo, at Golaid, and San partment in the city's operations. Like most lanta has recently lost an experienced and Jacinto too. developing cities, South El Monte was aggres­ distinguished leader. Richard Guthman is re­ You had to be brave and no man's slave to sively active in annexations and public works signing from the Atlanta City Council to devote spit in Santa Anna's eye. improvements throughout its early years, and more time to his business. The Atlanta Journal With your back to the wall and through it Audrey was an integral part of these oper­ recently stated that "all the citizens of Atlanta all knowing you would die. ations. She played an active role in each of respect him and the job he has done on our Deep down inside that Texas Pride was the city's 48 annexations and during her years swelling in each man's chest. of service, was instrumental in turning South behalf while there." I would like to associate One hundred and eighty-three strong and it El Monte from an area devoid of curbs, gut­ myself with these comments and I would like would not be long to be put to the ters, and sidewalks into a semirural suburban to thank the Atlanta Journal for their recogni­ stiffest test. area complete with storm drainage protection, tion of Richard's admirable qualities. Santa Anna bring on your soldiers rolling sanitary sewers, and modern traffic control. In [From the Atlanta Journal, Feb. 19, 19881 like boulders we'll fight for liberty's sake. essence, the city grew up during Audrey's A TRUE LEADER STEPS DowN tenure. Fighting side by side for Texas Pride till our While most eyes were turned last Tuesday bodies the Texas soil will take. Beginning as a part-time annexation survey to New Hampshire and the efforts of several worker, Audrey rose through the ranks to I'll make you a bet we'll never forget what men to get into public office, the announce­ these men did for us. occupy every major administrative position ment that one member of the Atlanta City We'll keep Texas Pride somewhere deep within the city. She has been the director of Council is going to leave office may have inside and never, ever let it rust. public works, deputy city clerk, director of been almost as important to residents of So Son's of Texas shout out loud and be planning, director of finance, director of per­ this town. Texas proud you were born in the sonnel, city treasurer, and served as acting Richard Guthman, a 14-year veteran on Lone Star State. city manager in 1984; ending her career as the council, is resigning to devote more time Because Texas soil you see is a part of me assistant city manager in April, 1988. to his business. We can't begrudge him the and that makes Texas great. Mr. Speaker, I ask that my colleagues join right to take care of himself and his family, So lets all pitch in and stand again like they me in saluting Audrey K. Czarny Gaitis, an in­ but we are truly going to miss his dedicated . did at the Alamo. dividual that has worked tirelessly on behalf of efforts to take care of all Atlantans during Live or die look the unjust in the eye then the city and citizens of South El Monte for a his long and distinguished career. grab hold and never, ever let go. job well done. Guthman has long been one of the two or Raise up the flag and don't let it sag fight three council members one would call if one on for freedom's sake. wanted to know what was really behind Till the Lord above with His infinite love TRIBUTE TO DAVID KANE some new ordinance or budget matter-not my Texas soul will take. only because he was willing to talk straight, HON. JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR. but because he knew the facts, the figures, THE LEGEND OF THE .ALAMO and particularly the long-term ramifica­ There "we" were a-standin-tall OF OHIO tions. 183 men near the courtyard wall. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He and Ira Jackson have for a long time Travis had already appealed for help of any Tuesday, March 8, 1988 been the voices of fiscal responsibility on kind the council; his departure makes it more Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, it is with And all 183 of us knew just what was on his likely that financial foolishness of one sort mind. great pleasure that I stand before you today or another will slip by and cost the taxpay­ to pay tribute to David Kane, an honorable Victory or Death he had already decreed ers. But no help was coming and help we did mention award winner in the McDonald's Guthman has also been one of the few need. "Youth Challenge: Living Drug Free" contest. politicians in the metro area who could look Travis drew his sword and marked a line on A student at Howland High School in at a touchy issue in terms of how it would affect all citizens, not just those who are the ground Warren, OH, David's two projects were select­ All we could hear was the grating of its ed from hundreds of entries as original and ef­ black or those who are white. That's a qual­ ity that we need more and more, and find sound. fective ways to encourage youth to say "no" "Up until now you've fought a good fight to drugs. His efforts are an outstanding exam­ less and less, in our local leaders. We wish Richard Guthman were not re­ And anyone who wants to leave had better ple of what young people in communities all signing, because his kind of wise, responsi­ get out tonight." over the country are doing to help themselves ble stewardship of the public trust is going "No one will blame you if yoti go and others to cope with the spreading drug to be difficult to find in any replacement. Because victory is impossible, but this you problem. We respect his decision to leave office, how­ all know." The McDonald's "Youth Challenge" contest ever-and we want him to know how much "I'm staying myself," said Travis with glint is the first national contest of its kind to rec­ we and all the citizens of Atlanta respect in his eye ognize drug use prevention activities planned him and the job he has done on our behalf "I'm going to fight and right here I'll die." and executed by youth for youth. Contest en- while there. " If you want to stay step over with me 3560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 For Texas and Honor and the right to be Wahoo-please. His grinning, red visage is to resolve the problems associated with the free." unlike that of any brown-skinned native crediting of individuals earnings. His courage enthraled up and he made it who ever walked the fields or forests of pre­ Some historical background on this problem quite clear Columbian America. had Individuals Accounts." The GAO study found land Plain Dealer brings to our attention an evolved, instead, as the more readily recog­ often used, albeit sometimes unconscious nized slurs involving watermelons and that SSA and IRS failed to reconcile the differ­ form of racism. Entitled, "Time to Say Good­ rhythm? ences in wage reports provided by employers, bye to An Old Name," the author, Jim Strang, Unthinkable in 1988? Of course, and with the result that some workers' earnings describes a subtitle form of racism-the name thank God. But why are equivalent refer­ are not credited to their Social Security ac­ and nicknames of Cleveland's baseball fran­ ences to American Indians any more accept­ counts. Since 1978 there have been discrep­ chise, the Cleveland Indians. able? The organization before us is in no ancies in reports that total $58.8 billion in em­ I hope that my colleagues will take a wise a "tribe": it is a collection of highly ployees earnings not included in SSA data. moment to read this article. It is both thought­ paid athletes of several racial and ethnic backgrounds who are bound not by common GAO estimates that 9.7 million individuals provoking and worthwhile reading: ancestry or blood, but by contracts and have unrecorded earnings as a result of this TIME TO SAY GOODBYE TO AN OLD NAME money. problem. Clarence Page beat me to the punch on No, the name and the emblem both have When I heard about this issue I was most this one, but that's not going to prevent my outlasted their time. They should be retired. concerned about how this failure to reconcile taking a couple swings anyway. One last thought: for nearly 30 years, the earning discrepancies would impact on individ­ Page, a columnist with the Chicago Trib­ team that this baseball fan has lived district offices berates daily, has been remarkably reticent have interfered with the prompt handling about launching its annual all-out offensive fied-through EEOC's current appropria­ of age discrimination charges, resulting in tions-that unsupervised waivers are prohibit­ the Commission's failure to process nearly against Iraq. ed under the ADEA and that the Commission 900 charges in time to meet the Age Dis­ Though the policies of the two governments should not implement the rule. crimination in Employment Act's two-year may appear inconsistent with their rhetoric, Furthermore, many employers have been statute of limitations to pursue the claims they are not. in court. WHAT DRIVES BAGHDAD? utilizing early retirement incentive plans as an The Commission first noticed the problem alternative to mandatory layoffs and their ac­ three years ago when it approved a new en­ Baghdad's current policy might be called companying hardships. In enforcing the ADEA, forcement policy and began reviewing all war to end the war. The Iraqi regime does the Commission has the responsibility to cases that failed conciliation. Last Septem­ want the war to end. It lacks, however, the ca­ ensure that such incentives are carefully ber, Commission officials compiled figures pability to bring it to an end. Iraq cannot structured so that they do not violate the stat­ determining that close to 900 ADEA cases defeat Iran on the battlefield. For almost 6 had passed the two-year statute of limita­ ute. For instance, if the alternative to an early years, all that Baghdad has sought to accom­ tions without resolution. That figure has plish militarily is to prevent Tehran from win­ retirement incentive plan is actual or construc­ since increased to 938. tive discharge, the plan may violate the ADEA. EEOC's Chairman Thomas has character­ ning. It's a rather sterile policy. Many observers contend that the Commission ized the situation as "totally inexcusable," To achieve the larger goal of ending the has failed to provide clear policy guidance on and has already taken disciplinary steps war, Baghdad is relying on the rest of the whether certain early retirement incentive against some of the district directors where world. In effect, it has asked the rest of the this administrative error occurred. In a De­ plans might discriminate against employees world to pull its chestnuts out of the fire. cember 21, 1987, memorandum to field di­ To accomplish this, Baghdad is relying on based on age-related factors. rectors, he stated that allowing a statute of the U.N Security Council to impose a manda­ Last, in June 1984 the EEOC determined limitation to lapse is "tantamount to a dere­ tory arms embargo on Iran. Since Iran is that the ADEA required that persons age 65 liction of duties" and promised "not [to] tol­ erate such mishandling of even one case." largely dependent on arms imports to keep or older who continued to work under a pen­ the fighting going, Baghdad figures that an II, SUMMARY OF THE BILL sion plan of an employer would be entitled to arms embargo will crimp Tehran's fighting pension accrual after age 65. The Commis­ The Age Discrimination Claims Assistance ability and force it to make peace on terms Act of 1988 extends the already expired sion has yet to issue final rules on this issue. not unfavorable to Baghdad. Some EEOC observers believe that this delay statute of limitations by an 18-month period for those persons whose claims were affect­ The problem Baghdad faces right now is harms older workers and helps employers ed by EEOC inaction. Specifically, the twofold. minimize the cost of future pension accruals. rights of persons who filed timely charges First, the arms embargo effort is stalled. These actions by the Commission have with the Commission after December 31, The United States has been pushing it since compromised the rights of age discrimination 1983 but did not bring a civil action on such last July. But the Soviet Union perpetually victims. In addition, this recent egregious mis­ claims, and who neither had their claims manages to find some way to wriggle out from management of over 900 ADEA cases by the conciliated by the Commission nor received under its own commitment to back an embar­ notification of the disposition of their Commission has caused public outrage and charge and the right to sue, have been re­ go and put off U.N. consideration until "next raises serious concerns about the EEOC's vived for an extra 18 months beginning on month." But, like tomorrow, "next month" ability to effectively enforce the laws. Chair­ the date of enactment of this bill. never comes. So, Baghdad's first challenge is man Thomas is quick to blame the Congress The statute not only revives certain per­ to figure out some way to move the embargo for not appropriating adequate funds to meet sons' claims, but it also requires the Com­ resolution. mission to notify these persons, no later Second, Baghdad faces another problem of the demands of an ever-increasing workload. than 60 days after enactment of this Act: ( 1 > However, since 1980, the Congress has in­ time. Since about November its troops have the rights and benefits to which such per­ been on alert awaiting the annual Iranian creased the EEOC's budget each year-from sons are entitled to under the Age Discrimi­ $124 million in fiscal year 1980 to $179 million nation in Employment Act; and (2) that mass offensive. For 4 years, Tehran has in the current fiscal year. This represents a their statute of limitations applicable to launched a huge winter offensive out of its southern Khuzestan province into Iraqi terri­ 44-percent increase in funding. For the past such claim will run for an additional 18 months after the date of enactment of this tory. In each offensive, Iranian troops have several years, my committee has been recom­ Act. advanced several miles, then been pushed mending more money for the EEOC than was Finally, the bill includes a reporting re­ back about half the distance they had ad­ requested by the President. Clearly, there is quirement for the Commission. The Com­ vanced. In each case, Iran ends up holding congressional support for the important mis­ mission shall submit periodic reports to cer­ onto a mouthful of Iraqi territory. In each case, tain congressional committees including sion of this enforcement agency. the initial success has come because the Iraqi Despite EEOC's mismanagement in this in­ such information as the number of persons who have claims under the Act, the number forces have been a little lax. Baghdad has stance, we cannot allow those individuals who of persons notified under the Act, and the been trying to keep its frontline troops ever have filed ADEA charges with the EEOC to disposition of their charges. alert in this offensive season, but there's a forever lose their right to puruse a private law­ limit to how long they can keep that up. As suit. Today I join my colleagues in introducing time wears on, alertness wears down. So, this legislation to provide legal recourse to BAGHDAD'S MISSILE BARRAGE Baghdad's second challenge is how to keep those alleged victims of age discrimination. MAY BE INTENDED TO SPARK its troops from falling asleep at the wheel. This legislation simply extends the statute of IRANIAN ATTACK The answer to the first challenge-how to limitations for those individuals affected by move the stalled embargo resolution-could EEOC's administrative error. HON. LES ASPIN be an Iranian offensive. Accepted wisdom in I hope that we can act expeditiously to pass OF WISCONSIN the corridors of the U.N. holds that it will be this bill in both Houses of Congress and to ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very hard to block the resolution if the Irani­ ans were to flaunt the Security Council's call ercise our congressional oversight responsibil­ Tuesday, March 8, 1988 ity to ensure that the EEOC is more accounta­ of last July for a cease-fire by launching a ble in the future. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, for awhile, the huge offensive. A summary of the "Age Discrimination Iran-Iraq war and the Persian Gulf slipped off The answer to the second challenge-how Claims Assistance Act of 1988" follows: the scope. The war is back now-but with a to keep the Iraqis alert and capable of stop­ unique twist. ping an offensive-could well be an Iranian of- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3563 fensive, that is, an early offensive. The sooner is that Iran isn't carrying it out. There simply Jacques Abouchar on charges of "illegal entry the better. Once the offensive has been are not a lot of attacks going on. The strength into the country." It is indeed ironic that a man halted by Iraq, it can breathe more easily. Iran of Rafsanjani's strategy is logic; the weakness shooting only photographs was hunted down has to store up ammunition for each offen­ is resources. About 5 years ago, Iran briefly and jailed by the Soviet troops who invaded sive. Once it blows its supplies on a massive tried battering Iraq up and down the warfront, Afghanistan 8 years ago and are still waging a offensive, Iran must take a breather and hoping to break through somewhere. The only war of conquest. The journalist's only "crime" resume stocking up. When Iran has to take a problem was that Iran ran down before Iraq was in bringing a trace of glasnost to the most breather, Iraq is able to take a breather. did. brutal war of the decade. Unable to complete­ So, there are two very good reasons why There are many political reasons Tehran ly conquer the Afghan resistance, the Soviets Baghdad might like to be attacked right now. might want to delay a major offensive at this have committed themselves to a policy of One might logically respond: Why should point. tracking down and murdering Western journal­ Iraq want to be attacked when it might lose? First and foremost, is the U.N. Security ists in an attempt to prevent the rest of the There are two points to recall here. Council sanctions resolution. Tehran doesn't world from learning of the Afghans' valiant First, everyone expects Iran to attack some­ want to do anything that would make its pas­ struggle for freedom. time. There are opponents of the war within sage easier. Undaunted by the dangers of entering the the regime, but the war party is large, militant, Second, its Arab ally, Syria, has made clear war zone and refusing to be intimidated by the and vocal and won't accept permanent delay. that Iranian seizures of Iraqi-read Arab-land So, an attack will come. Soviet threat against them as correspondents, make it very hard for Syria to continue helping many journalists have continued to cover the Second, the greatest threat to Iraq is a sur­ Tehran. Syrian Baath party politicians hate war in Afghanistan. Several reporters, includ­ prise attack that catches it unawares. It isn't Iraqi Baath party politicians, but no Arab of ing three Americans, have died in Afghanistan commonly understood, but Iraq has mobilized any nationality likes to read of "foreigners" at the hands of Soviet troops. The first Ameri­ far more men than Iran. In the southern war taking Arab land. can to die was Charles E. Thornton, a medical zone, even with the current Iranian mobiliza­ Third, if a big offensive fails to record a big reporter for the Arizona Republic. On Septem­ tion, Tehran's troops are outnumbered about gain, what will be the impact on Iranian public ber 19, 1985, Thornton was murdered in an 2 to 1. But one of Iran's prizes-the Iraqi city support for the war. The recent drop in volun­ of Basra-lies less than 10 miles from the teers points to a drop in enthusiasm for the ambush by Soviet troops while preparing a frontlines. Tehran's best chance for closing war. While it is not precipitous, Tehran's lead­ story on volunteer doctors in Afghanistan. those 10 miles is to catch the Iraqi troops ers have to worry that another bloodletting at Two years later, on October 9, 1987, Lee when they are lax. Tehran has virtually no the front without something to show for it Shapiro of North Bergen, NJ, and Jim Linde­ chance of taking Basra if the Iraqis are awake could prompt a reversal of public opinion. lof, of California, were ambushed and mur­ and alert. Moderate politicians in the party led by former dered while filming a documentary. According So, strange as it may seem, there are very Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan tried to run for to the eyewitness account of Abdul Malik, good reasons for Iraq to passionately desire office 5 years ago on a peace platform and their interpreter and guide, Shapiro and Linde­ to be attacked right now. Chief among those were shut out, which indicates that even that lof were returning to Pakistan after 5 months are that an Iranian ground offensive would long ago the leadership of the Islamic Repub­ of filming when they were strafed by Soviet move the stalled U.N. Security Council resolu­ lic feared development of a peace movement. helicopter gunships. Lindelof was killed in­ tion imposing sanctions on Iran, and would Fourth, Iran is now engaging in talks with stantly, but Shapiro, despite being wounded, end the long wait that is taxing Iraqi forces the Arab States on the other side of the Per­ attempted to save the film. However, the Sovi­ and threatening their ability to repel attack. sian Gulf. I see no reason to believe they will ets landed their helicopters, shot Shapiro sev­ That brings us to the latest events in the accomplish anything, but the Iranians clearly eral times, and then confiscated his film and war-last week's missile barrage-a first in see some benefit in pursuing the talks or they equipment. the war-in which Baghdad rained long-range would have brushed them aside. An attack These three men are heroes who gave their missiles down on Tehran. Militarily, these mis­ now would torpedo any hopes of accomplish­ lives in the hope that the world would learn of siles serve no purpose. They can't be aimed ing anything in the talks. the struggle for liberty going on in Afghani­ at any discrete, high value targets. They are Those are four political and two military rea­ stan. The common dedication and courage simply aimed at the city of Tehran. They serve sons for putting off any offensive. However, must be recognized in a singular manner. T a­ only to terrorize the population of Tehran. the Iranian mobilization continues-as it has morrow, Representatives BoB STUMP, But they could serve another purpose­ since October. The daily buildup has a certain namely, to spark a ground offensive by Iran. ROBERT MATSUI, and I are introducing a reso­ sense of inexorability to it. The leadership in By embarrassing the regime, whose inability to lution in the House of Representatives urging Tehran can tell the military, "Not today." But defend Tehran is patently clear, and infuriating President Reagan to posthumously award the few believe it can say, "Never." the war party, which is eager to fight anyway, Presidential Medal of Freedom to Charles Baghdad could well make the long-waited of­ Thornton, Lee Shapiro, and Jim Lindelof. This fensive come about more quickly. LEE SHAPIRO, JIM LINDELOF, medal is presented at the discretion of the President to those who make contributions to WHAT DRIVES TEHRAN? AND CHARLES THORNTON the national or security interests of the United To be intellectually honest, one must look States, world peace, or to those who under­ at the other side of the coin and see what it is HON. JIM COURTER that motivates Tehran in its current policy of take significant public or private endeavors. OF NEW JERSEY Past recipients have included Joseph Luns, restraint. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are two military rationales. former Secretary General of NATO, Eric First, the annual call for volunteers did not Tuesday, March 8, 1988 Hoffer, the labor leader and author, statesman do anywhere near as well last fall as in pre­ Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, in October Anwar Sadat, historian Dumas Malone, Mother ceding years. That limits the available man­ 1984, the Soviet Union sent one stern mes­ Theresa, and Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick. power and likely has induced some caution. sage to all foreign journalists attempting to Several journalists, including Arthur Krock, Second, Tehran recognizes that its annual cover the war in Afghanistan. During an inter­ have also received the Medal of Freedom. all-out offensives aren't getting it much. The view with two French reporters, the Soviet We have asked the President whether this speaker of the Iranian Parliament, Ali Akbar Ambassador to Parkistan, Vitaly Smirnoff, award might be presented to the families of Hashemi Rafsanjani, announced a new strate­ said, "I warn you, and, through you all your these three American heroes on March 21, gy last year that put an end to massive offen­ fellow journalists: Do not try to enter Afghani­ 1988. We believe that this day, which marks sives and replaced them with frequent, multi­ stan with the so-called Mujahidin any longer the beginning of the new year in Afghanistan ple attacks up and down the front. Rafsanjani * * * In the future, the bandits and the so­ and which in 1987 was designated as "Af­ complained that the old strategy allowed the called journalists will be killed. Our forces in ghanistan Day" in the United States, would be Iraqis lots of time in which to rest and recu­ Afghanistan will help the Afghan forces" to do a very appropriate day to present the Nation's perate from each offensive. Rafsanjani's strat­ so. This statement closely followed the Soviet highest civilian award to Charles E. Thornton, egy makes some sense. The biggest problem capture and imprisonment of French journalist Lee Shapiro, and Jim Lindelof. 3564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 TRIBUTE TO KAREN CABE GIB­ mined political status aspirations of the people Reagan himself. In the past several months SON'S CLASS AT STALL HIGH of Guam. we have seen the British Government and its SCHOOL, WINNERS OF BICEN­ I believe that these wishes have a right to security forces operating in Northern Ireland TENNIAL COMPETITION be considered by the Congress. I am happy make a mockery of the rule of law. and proud to cosponsor the bill as chairman Let me review some of the more disturbing HON. ARTHUR RAVENEL, JR. of the committee with jurisdiction over most of recent developments. As I have cited OF SOUTH CAROLINA matters regarding Guam and the other insular before, the decision to end all prosecutions of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES areas. Royal Ulster constabulary officers involved in Further, I have supported the idea of im­ a so-called shoot to kill policy against certain Tuesday, March 8, 1988 proving Guam's relationship with the United civilians in Northern Ireland. In addition there Mr. RAVENEL. Mr. Speaker, as many of my States through mutually approved Common­ was the release of a young soldier convicted colleagues are aware, teachers and students wealth legislation for some time. In 1983, I of murdering a civilian and sentenced to life from across the Nation have been participat­ agreed with Congressman BLAZ' predecessor, imprisonment. The soldier, Pvt. lan Thain, was ing in the Bicentennial Competition on the the late Tony Won Pat, that there are a not only released after only serving 3 years, Constitution and Bill of Rights. I cannot say number of very real problems in the current but he is back on duty with his regiment. enough about the cooperation demonstrated Federal-territorial relationship which we should Then there was the murder of young Aidan by each of the schools from my district that try to solve. McAnespie on February 21 by a Grenadier are involved. The teachers have had nothing This bill is a serious response to many of guard at a checkpoint in the border town of but praise regarding the curriculum that was these problems. A number of its proposed so­ Aughnacloy. This was condemned as murder chosen and all the students who are partici­ lutions themselves, however, cause serious by the aforementioned Cardinal O'Fiaich who pating have a greater knowledge of the way concerns on constitutional, policy, and practi­ presided at the young man's funeral. our constitutional democracy developed. cal grounds. Added to all this was the refusal of the One such teacher, Karen Cabe Gibson of These concerns were explained to Guam's court of appeals in Great Britain to free the Stall High School in Charleston, SC, has dedi­ leaders as they drafted the bill. I do not want so-called Birmingham six. This case which cated countless hours to her students, and their people to be misled now by my cospon­ generated worldwide attention and support for the students have had to make sacrifices of sorship into thinking that I have changed my the original defendants has driven a long their own in order to practice after school to mind with respect to these concerns. stake into the heart of Anglo-Irish relations train for the competition. The school principal, There are other ways to address the prob­ and threatens the Anglo-Irish Agreement of Mike Turner, has made sure that they had the lems which are supportable and attainable. I 1985. support they needed to compete well. And am very willing to work with Congressman As we approach the celebration of St. Pat­ now, this impressive group of students has BLAZ and the other leaders of Guam and Con­ rick's Day-it would be more than appropriate won not only the first district competition, but gressmen YOUNG, DE LUGO, and LAGOMAR­ for the United States through diplomatic and the statewide competition as well. As they SINO and other concerned Members to find other channels to communicate its official prepare to compete in the national competi­ meaningful and fair solutions to them through concern to the British Government over their tion next month in Washington, I want them to Commonwealth or other legislation. actions in recent months in Northern Ireland. I know that they have the backing and support believe we should lodge a formal protest over of the folks back home. It is indeed an honor the Gibraltar murders. Failure to speak out and a privilege to individually list the names of BRITISH OUTRAGES AGAINST against these obvious outrages only invites the members of the winning class that will be IRISH NATIONALISTS CONTINUE their continuation. Silence in this case will not representing the State of South Carolina in make the problem go away. this exciting program. HON. MARIO BIAGGI We must approach this with the same They are: Joey Amundsen, Douglas Brant­ OF NEW YORK degree of moral outrage we summon for prob­ ley, Keith Conyers, Dendra Crocker, James IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lems in South Africa, Eastern Europe, and to Dixon, James Ford, Rae Goude, Randy Tuesday, March 8, 1988 some extent the events in Gaza. Official Harmon, Alyson Harrel, Joe Haselden, Mi­ United States policy for the 20 years I have chael Murphy, Kelly Panganiban, Lee Pool, Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, without question been involved with the Irish issue is support Renee Powell, Carol J. Ribeiro, Stephen Rus­ over the past several months, the British Gov­ the British Government first, ask questions sell, Clarita Santos, George Shread, Russell ernment has embarked on a veritable reign of later. There is no doubt that Britain is an im­ Stanley, Clevetta Young, and Michelle Za­ terror against segments of the Catholic minori­ portant ally both in the past as well as in the panta. ty population in Northern Ireland. The latest future. Yet it is because of our being allies incident is perhaps the most appalling of them that we should be able to be a constructive in­ all. The British Government was forced to fluence on the British to change their policies A BILL TO ESTABLISH A admit in the House of Commons that they had in Northern Ireland. It should not be an COMMONWEALTH OF GUAM indeed killed three individuals in Gibraltar who excuse to allow it to continue. they suspected to be Irish Republican Army At this point in the RECORD I wish to insert HON. MORRIS K. UDALL terrorists prepared to carry out an act of ter­ two articles. The first is from today's New OF ARIZONA rorism. What the Home Secretary was forced York Times entitled "British Amend Account IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to admit was the fact that not only were the of Killing of 3 in Gibraltar." The second, from three individuals that were killed unarmed, Tuesday, March 8, 1988 the March 5 edition of the Irish Echo entitled there were absolutely no explosives or any "Two Types of Justice in the Northern Travail. Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, today, I joined our other weapons of terror found on or near The articles follow: colleagues BEN BLAZ, the Delegate from those who were killed. Guam, DoN YOUNG, the ranking Republican of The question one must ask here is precisely [From the New York Times, Mar. 8, 19881 the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, the same one posed on February 23 by the BRITISH AMEND ACCOUNT OF KILLING OF 3 IN RON DE LUGO and BOB LAGOMARSINO, the highly respected Archbishop of Armagh and GIBRALTAR chairman and ranking Republican, respective­ Catholic primate of all Ireland, Cardinal Tomas British Army, but not in Northern Ireland with known records of scious minds of the people of this island. Northern Ireland. rebel activity. Most wish to forget it. There are more He was released on parole in 1987. The The incident prompted Irish nationalist things happening in Ireland than you read Birmingham Six and the Guildford Four protests in the streets of Belfast tonight. about on the front pages of your newspa­ still languish in jail. There are people, The police said that buses were seized, emp­ pers. It is not all horror and tribulation. "fitted up" in the Diplock Courts who are tied and set afire and that gunfire was The tragic thing is that it is impossible to still serving lengthy sentences for posses­ heard in at lease three areas, including the devote all of our attention to the truly im­ sion of arms, explosives, membership of the British Army barracks at New Bamesley. portant things, the development of an ado­ IRA, et al. Many went in as young men, just RELATIONS DETERIORATE lescent economy, the removal of the need to as young as Private Ian Richard Thane, but The Gibraltar shootings were the latest in emigrate, the eradication of poverty, espe­ they will be old when they are freed, if they a string of incidents that have sent British­ cially in large cities like Dublin. are ever relased at all. Irish relations plummeting. In the most crit­ Always the North and its turmoil is with You can write about it, talk about it, com­ ical, John Stalker, a former English police us, no matter how much we try to push it plain about it, even sing, if you wish, but superintendent, was sent to Northern Ire­ from our consciousness. There is not a week there is nothing or nobody that can seem to land and reported evidence of "police that goes by without it obtruding into the take us from the incredible "Never-Never murder" in three 1982 incidents when six foreground of our attention. Land" that Britain has bequeathed so mu­ unarmed Irish nationalists were shot to Take last week as a case in point. nificently to the Irish people in the north­ death by anti-terrorist police detectives of Lord Denning is Britain's former Master em part of this island. the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The Gov­ of the Rolls, one of the highest judicial of­ John Stalker wrote a book which clearly ernment, while not confirming that specific fices in his country. Believe it or not he was established that there is, at the very least, a charge, has confirmed that some Constabu­ described recently as "the best judge in Eng­ criminal case to be met by the highest au­ lary members obstructed justice. But it land-Which has the best judicial system in thorities in the North and in Britain itself, ruled out prosecuting them on the ground the world!" extending all the way up to the impervious that national security and the public inter­ It was Lord Denning who was given the Margaret Thatcher. est required otherwise. task of hearing the appeal of the Birming­ ham Six in 1980 against their conviction on When the British Establishment steps "I believe that this needs an inquiry in the onto an Irish bog, they seem to disappear, same way that the Stalker inquiry took the grounds that their confessions were beaten out of them-superficially not a re­ en masse, down a huge hole which leads to place," Martin Flannery, the Labor Party the abyss of Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Won­ spokesman on Northern Ireland, declared in markable allegation in view of the photo­ graphs which were released showing evi­ derland." Parliament after Sir Geoffrey told of the There was actually a discussion in the latest news from Gibraltar. dence of violent assault. On the astounding assumption that to Mother of Parliaments as to whether Stalk­ Sir Geoffrey insisted that the three vic­ er should be prosecuted for revealing "na­ tims, two men and a woman, were active ter­ find in their favor would be to admit the ex­ istence of a high level conspiracy, Lord Den­ tional secrets." And no less than the British rorists planning an explosion at a changing Attorney General, Sir Patrick Mayhew, of the guard ceremony Tuesday by the ning turned the appeal down because he said it would have revealed an "appalling stood up to admit to the same House of Royal Anglian Regiment, which recently Commons that there was evidence of a "con­ served in Northern Ireland. vista." Recently, during a TV interview, he ex­ spiracy" in the RUC to pervert the course of justice-but Initially, the British authorities said a should do if prisoners continued to express no prosecutions would follow. bomb had been found in a car parked in an their innocence, "Oh, walk away and ignore A yound, unarmed man had been riddled alley near the ceremony ground near the them!" to pieces in a country shed by members of British Governor's residence and, they He also explained that, in his view, it was the RUC. The killing had actually been stressed, by a school and old people's resi­ better that some innocent people should taped on a recording device planted by M15 dence. Sir Geoffrey corrected this to say remain in jail rather than that the integrity intelligence agents. Neither the tape nor that three cars and four suspected rebels, of the judicial system in Britain should be any other evidence was made public and one still at large, had been tracked as active questioned. nobody was prosecuted. in the reputed attack plan. Keys on one vic­ At least, he is an honest representative of It seemed that matters could not become tim's body, he said, fitted a car found across the incredibly smug and arrogant British worse. Irish Prime Minister Charles J. the border in Spain that, according to the Establishment. Haughey, did his level best to sound tough Foreign Secretary, contained three false In the same week, obviously acting on a and statesmanlike at the same time when he passports, an electric clock, tape and wire. tip-off, reporters in the Irish Press, still the addressed the annual gathering of his party. Keys were found for a third car, he said, best newspaper in Ireland, with an emphasis But, in Ireland, matters can get worse-and adding that this was being sought as the on news, checked on the progress of a cer­ they did. suspected repository of a large amount of tain private in the British Army who had Aughanacloy, Co. Tryone, is a town I plastic explosive. finished his tour in the North. happen to know quite well because it is the The three victims were identified as Mair­ Unfortunately, it is the sort of check that main crossing point for southern travelers ead Farrell, 31 years old, Daniel McCann, Irish editors in general don't usually bother to Donegal. Most are happily unaware that 30, and Sean Savage, 24, all from West Bel­ to carry out, either because they don't be­ when they are trundling through the check­ fast. lieve that it would dredge up real news, or point, perhaps on their way to their annual Sir Geoffrey said that an attack plan had because, quite frankly, like many other holiday, British soldiers barely out of their been uncovered by Spanish authorities and Irish people, they have come to regard the teens are sighting their rifles on their that while under surveillance in Gibraltar North as being something of a bore to their torsos. For the soldiers, it's a normal pre­ the three rebel suspects were challenged readers. caution. For the travelers, it can be lethr.l.

19-059 0-89-17 (Pt. 3) 3566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 Aidan McAnespie was 24, his sister, Mrs. MARINE BEVAN PLACES IN THE utation by standing up for freedom and Eilish McCann, was a candidate for the Sinn VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY preaching liberty. Our ancestors lived by Fein Party in the North's last election. He CONTEST these words, and what they chose to listen was, according to his family, a marked man, to, what they believed was right was passed threatened by soldiers who had actually down through generations for others to warned him that they would "get him." HON. JAMES J. FLORIO take into consideration. They did. OF NEW JERSEY "Liberty, in one way or another, will Aidan McAnespie was walking through IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES always be an issue concerning America and its people. And this inheritance will contin­ the border checkpoint to play in a football Tuesday, March 8, 1988 match after leaving his car. He never drove ue and help us to enjoy our liberty and jus­ across because of the harassment by the sol­ Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, recently a con­ tice for all. Though freedom is not granted diers. stituent of mine, Marine Bevan of Gloucester through a last will and testament it is still But, as he made his last journey, shots City, NJ, won second place in the district 7 inherited through the knowledge and pride rang out. The RUC said that there were competition of the Voice of Democracy Con­ of our ancestors. It is what we will teach our children and what they will teach our three. The British Army which expressed its test held by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. I public "regret" later claimed that the young grandchildren. Liberty is what America and find her speech so insightful that I wanted to its people are about. It is what we love man was killed by a ricochet. It doesn't share it with my colleagues: really matter. He's dead. And a soldier is in most." custody. It was third period American history class When Mr. Livingston finished I could see The Irish Government acted with unusual and the room was silent. My classmates and a sort of glow about him. There was almost speed in deciding that it should carry out its I sat quietly waiting to hear another boring a look of warmth on that stone face of his. lesson. As we looked over the results of our Listening to him made me realize how much own investigation with its own police force. last test Mr. Livingston stood at his lectern. Americans really do love this country. And The decision has clearly led to bitter cha­ He was in his usual position watching over no matter how rigid Mr. Livingston contin­ grin in Britain where politicians profess to us like a hawk. ued to be I never looked at him in quite the believe that the North is part and parcel of This classroom wasn't very comfortable. same way again. I knew how significant Mr. the UK, as "British as Finchley," and that There was a sort of coldness to it. Our Livingston's heritage was to him, and how the southern government should have no teacher knew a lot about history, and we important mine was to me. I realize that part in investigating the activites of its learned the facts. But Mr. Livingston gave each of us has a great bond holding this lib­ armed forces, whether they be the RUC or the impression that he didn't want to be erty, our heritage, together in America. the army itself. bothered with unworthy conversation or Let them think as they like. There are questions. We were afraid to speak to him. three forms of justice in the North-one for Checking over my test, I was so curious NEW DATA ON THE ACCURACY the crown forces, one for the loyalists and about the essay question I finally gathered OF MEDICAL LABORATORY the last for the nationalists. my courage and asked, "Sir, how does Amer­ TESTING Ask Private Ian Richard Thane. He is ica's liberty relate to our heritage?" free. "Kidso" Reilly is dead. And so now is Mr. Livingston cleared his throat and Aidan McAnespie, another sickening statis­ began, "It all started with one of the two HON. RON WYDEN tic in Britain's last abominable colony. most famous documents in the United OF OREGON Put pen to paper again. Write to your States of America, The Declaration of Inde­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressmen. Write to your local newspa­ pendence. It was adopted on July 4, 1776 by pers. It may even accomplish something representatives of the thirteen original colo­ Tuesday, March 8, 1988 positive. nies from New Hampshire to Georgia. That Mr. WYDEN. Mr. Speaker, last week the The British Establishment does not like to was the beginning of this nation. It an­ be exposed for what it is, especially in nounced to the world that the thirteen Small Business Subcommittee on Regulation America. Make sure that all of the candi­ former British colonies in North America and Business Opportunities held a hearing dates in the forthcoming elections are per­ were now free from the rule of King George that revealed new data on the accuracy of fectly aware of the sordid truth. the Third. medical laboratory testing. The hill is steep-and the stone is big. "They were independent states, but they What we have learned is frightening: thou­ were also united and determined to fight for sands of labs aren't regulated at all, there are their freedom at any cost. Ever since that no uniform standards for lab accuracy and - A TRIBUTE TO ANDREW time Americans have regarded their declara­ there is no public accountability for. poor per­ MARTIN tion as something sacred, like the flag, per­ haps almost as sacred as the Bible. Thou­ formance. sands of American tourists view it every The subcommittee heard testimony from the HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS year to remind them how lucky they truly College of American Pathologists [CAP], are and how proud they should always be. which runs a quarterly proficiency testing pro­ OF PENNSYLVANIA The author of this historical document, gram that evaluates thousands of labs every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Jefferson, states in the very first year. In evaluating their data for the subcom­ paragraphs of the Declaration of Independ­ Tuesday, March 8, 1988 mittee, CAP found: ence that all men are created equal. They Twelve percent of hospital labs missed sal­ Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, today I would like have the right to live, to be free. It also says that governments have been set up to pro­ monella in tests. Salmonella can be deadly to recognize the achievement of Andrew tect the lives, happiness, and liberties of the and can reach epidemic proportions in some Martin, a constituent of mine from Harrisburg, people. This sums up what Americans be­ environments if not detected. PA. On Friday, March 11, 1988, family, lieve, and what they have tried to live up to. Among 2,700 hospital laboratories, 10 per­ friends, and his Congressman will gather to "After all these years it reminds us that cent failed to achieve acceptable results on witness the presentation of the prestigious every person has the right to be free and to platelet counts, tests to detect leukemia and rank of Eagle to Andrew. The Eagle Court of be treated like a human being. Heritage," he bone marrow abnormalities. Honor will be held at Church of Jesus Christ went on, "is property that is or can be in­ Cholesterol tests to prevent heart disease of Latter-Day Saints in Harrisburg. herited, any condition or culture which is handed down to one, as by ancestors. Ameri­ vary so widely that contradictory indications As a young citizen, Andrew has displayed ca's liberty has been passed down by our an­ on the same sample can still be considered his energetic capabilities by participating in cestors, this is our heritage. Our ancestors "accurate." many different projects and community serv­ enjoyed their freedom enough to be Ameri­ These problems surfaced despite a grading ices. can and to live and prosper in this country. system for lab accuracy that, according to I am proud to recognize Andrew Martin for "One point that should be made, though, HHS's inspector general, "virtually assures ac­ his outstanding contributions to his communi­ is that this concept did not mean life in a ceptable results for 95 percent" of labs under ty. His unselfish attitude toward others has set free country comes easily. Our ancestors had endured many hardships as they fought evaluation. CAP uses an "averaging" method an example for the rest of us to follow. I to keep America free. Each war that Amer­ to grade labs that establishes a mean grade would ask my colleagues in the U.S. Congress ica has fought in some way has something as the acceptable performance level. to join me in congratulating Andrew on this to do with this liberty. Each president The subcommittee then turned attention to very special occasion. whom we have elected helped America's rep- an evaluation of State laboratory regulation March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3567 compiled on request by the General Account­ gram, which recognizes the fact that market much-needed emotional and moral support. ing Office. The GAO study reports that 13 rate rental costs vary according to region of So we rejoice that the family will soon be re­ States don't regulate independent labs at all. the country, is available only to very low­ united with their daughter in Israel, free to Thirty-six States do not regulate physician income families. The certificate program, al­ practice the religious beliefs which are the office labs. Many States regulate only a hand­ though it includes low income and very low­ very core of their existence. We cannot, how­ ful of tests. income families, does not reflect the cost of ever, forget the many thousands upon thou­ To make matters worse, the Federal regula­ living in the 1980's in suburban New Jersey. sands of other refuseniks whom they will tory system has virtually shut down. The Cen­ Although the tenants of my district are leave behind. Indeed, we cannot rest until all ters for Disease Control stopped its proficien­ among the first in the Nation to face this Soviet Jews and other minorities who desire cy testing program in 1986. CDC shares the crisis, there are approximately 68 New Jersey to emigrate have been granted the permission little information it does receive on lab accura­ projects eligible for repayment and nationwide to which they are entitled by numerous inter­ cy with the Health Care Financing Administra­ over 330,000 units. national agreements. tion. But, my subcommittee was told last week Not all owners will elect to prepay their that HCFA rarely, if ever, penalizes a lab for mortgages. Unfortunately, however, the most poor performance. likely to take that step are those who have DEFENSE BUDGET Mr. Speaker, my subcommittee will continue projects in areas in which housing costs are its investigation into laboratory issues to help rising most rapidly, with the result that their HON. JOEL HEFLEY make medical tests more accurate. The next existing tenants will have the most trouble re­ OF COLORADO in our series of hearings will examine the re­ locating. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sults of a study conducted for the subcommit­ We must be concerned for these tenants Tuesday, March 8, 1988 tee by Richard Kusserow, the inspector gener­ who, through no fault of their own and almost al of the Department of Health and Human without warning, face a housing crisis. The Mr. HEFLEY. Mr. Speaker, there is little Services. tenants are as deserving of help after the question that defense and defense-related in­ owner pays off the mortgage as before, but dustry is vital to the Fifth District of Colorado's they now are being forced to look for a new economy. We have one of the most diverse PRESERVING LOW-COST place to live in an area that has just lost a groups of defense installations of anywhere in HOUSING low-cost housing unit. I believe that my bill, the country. Not only do we have Falcon Air making vouchers available to existing tenants Force Station and Peterson Air Force Base HON. DEAN A. GALLO is the most effective and workable way to pro­ within the district, we host Fort Carson, OF NEW JERSEY vide that help. NORAD, the Air Force Academy, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Strategic Defense Initiative's [SOl] National Test Facility fNTF] as well. Tuesday, March 8, 1988 FREEDOM GRANTED TO The test facility alone represents the largest Mr. GALLO. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ NATASHA KHASSINA single SOl budget item and the largest single ducing a bill that will provide a mechanism to military construction expenditure in the 1988 protect low-income tenants from the dire con­ HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN budget. It will bring an estimated 2,000 jobs to sequences that follow when an owner of fed­ OF NEW YORK the district over the next 5 years, 300-500 of erally assisted housing decides to prepay his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these by this summer. Overall military con­ or her mortgage. struction funds appropriated for Colorado in My bill amends section 8(o)(3) of the United Tuesday, March 8, 1988 this year's budget represented over twice as States Housing Act of 1937 to allow low­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am most much appropriation as the previous year. In income tenants to qualify for the housing pleased to inform my colleagues that this past addition to the $35 million appropriated for voucher demonstration program. weekend Moscow OVIR officials informed construction of the NTF, another $39 million is The 2-year interim plan set in place in the longtime activist and Soviet Jewish refusenik ticketed for military construction projects at recently enacted Housing and Community De­ Natasha Khassina that emigration permission Fort Carson, Peterson Air Force Base, the Air velopment Act came too late for the residents had been granted to her. Coming on the heels Force Academy, and the Rocky Mountain Ar­ of Cherry Hill Garden Apartments and Dover of Secretary Shultz' visit to Moscow, and just senal, plus $2 million for the Space Environ­ Gardens 1, both of which are located in my prior to Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard She­ ment Forecast Center at Falcon. district, the 11th Congressional District of New vardnadze's arrival in the United States later Is it any wonder then that the President's Jersey. Further, H.R. 4 contains an interim so­ this month, such good news is indeed wel­ defense request in the 1989 budget is of great lution while the measure I propose is a perma­ comed. significance to the Fifth District. President nent solution that, with little modification, can Natasha Khassina and her husband, Gen­ Reagan is asking for new defense-related ap­ be made part of any new mechanism de­ nady Khassin, were refused repeatedly, on se­ propriations totaling $299.5 billion, a 2.8-per­ signed to preserve our stock of low-cost hous­ crecy grounds, since their first application was cent increase over the 1988 funding level. ing. made over a decade ago. A distinguished The administration estimates, however, that As a result of earlier congressional attempts mathematics professor who authorized four inflation between fiscal 1988 and 1989 will to provide housing for the less fortunate, in texts and numerous articles, Gennady was boost by 3.6 percent the cost of goods and the 1960's and early 1970's, low-income fami­ dismissed from his position, while Natasha, a services to the Pentagon, so in real dollars, lies were assisted through a process that physicist, had not been able to work in her the President's request actually represents a called for reducing the owner's mortgage pay­ profession since 1964. Still, the refusal was decrease of about 0. 7 percent. ments and passing along to the tenants the based upon Natasha's work, and when the Of the total defense request, $290.8 billion consequent reduction in operating costs. The designation was removed from her file, it was in new budget authority is for the Defense De­ Department of Housing and Urban Develop­ applied to his. The see-saw designation per­ partment. An additional $8.1 billion is request­ ment controlled the rents. sisted for years as the family remained in re­ ed for nuclear-energy programs carried out on However, in certain instances, the agree­ fusal. the Pentagon's behalf by the Energy Depart­ ment between the owner and the Government Natasha Khassina has been described by ment. The remaining $645 million is for minor allowed the owner to prepay the mortgage. some as a hybrid of Natan Sharansky and Ida programs such as attack-related civil defense Having prepaid, owners are then free to raise Nudel. A vocal and tireless activist for the planning. rents to market level thereby removing the rights of Soviet Jews, she has never waivered In an effort to bring the Pentagon's spend­ units from the supply of housing available to in her efforts to bring about official Soviet ing in line with congressionally mandated low-income families. compliance with the provisions of the Helsinki budget caps, this request marks a significant When the owner of Dover Garden and Final Act. Natasha is also one of the most departure from the defense budgets of most Cherry Hill prepaid, the resident low-income compassionate individuals, as she opened her of the Reagan administration. tenants were placed between a rock and a home to other refuseniks and assisted them In Reagan's first 2 years in office, Congress hard place. The demonstration voucher pro- with any problem that arose, and provided supported a surge in defense funding at an 3568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 average annual rate of more than 10 percent such problems as the education crisis; unfair of the administration's principal foreign affairs in addition to the cost of inflation. For the last international trade practices; inadequate hous­ policymakers, congressional leadership and 3 years, Congress has made a habit of pass­ ing for our people; clean air; welfare reform; relevant committee chairmen. The need for in­ ing funding levels just short of the inflation and arms control, as well as other issues of stitutionalizing greater consultation and coordi­ rate causing the Pentagon's budget to decline war and peace-and no doubt find both suc­ nation between the two branches will only in real terms. This is the case with the new cesses and failures. become more acute in the future. Without reg­ budget proposal. Having issued a warning about the durability ular consultation during the policymaking proc­ Carlucci's budget request for fiscal 1989- of any predictions, let me outline what, in my ess, it is likely that we will see increased mi­ some $32.5 billion less than Weinberger drew view, will constitute the major challenges for cromanagement of foreign policy by the Con­ up a year ago-includes significant cuts in the Congress during the years ahead. gress accompanied by a continuing temptation original Reagan defense plan. For example: a The first challenge is to build an effective on the part of the Executive to bypass Con­ 1.6 percent reduction (36,000) in the 2.17 mil­ partnership with the executive branch: gress. The result could be a growing, and de­ As I suggested earlier, although the Consti­ lion active-duty military personnel; removing served, perception among our allies and ad­ tution has served us remarkably well, periods from active duty an Army brigade, two Air versaries of inconsistency in U.S. policy. of strain have occurred throughout our history, Force fighter wings and 16 Navy frigates; and Such trends, if left unchecked, would cer­ including serious constitutional crises. A cer­ cancelling the production of several major tainly complicate our ability as a nation to weapons such as the Navy's A-6F carrier­ tain amount of tension between the branches of Government is healthy-this was anticipat­ manage the challenges of an interdependent based bombers and the Midgetman missile. world in which the relative economic power of At a breakfast I had with Secretary of De­ ed by the Founders, and is an inevitable by­ the United States is declining. Greater coop­ fense Carlucci this week, the Secretary ex­ product of our cherished checks-and-balances eration-not confrontation-between the pressed his willingness for the Defense De­ system. Moreover, the American people have branches of Government is needed to devel­ partment to do its share to solve the budget made it clear they want competition between op the more effective diplomacy and more co­ crisis. He has tried to do this by cutting pro­ the branches, by voting frequently to place the herent policies essential to advance our na­ grams and personnel. We cannot weaken the executive and legislative branches in control tional agenda of peace, democracy, and eco­ security of the Nation, however, in the face of of different political parties. an aggressive adversary like the Soviet Union. Trust and openness are critical to building nomic development. In times of such severe budget problems, it an effective partnership. Developing such a The second challenge Congress will face is is important to be as fiscally conservative as foundation is a difficult task for a government to insure that our institutions adapt and keep possible. We must remember, though, to be of shared powers such as ours, but even pace with the requirements of the new infor­ fiscally responsible. We, the Congress, must more essential when sharp partisan differ­ mation age. carefully choose the programs of greatest im­ ences are evident. It requires vision, leader­ The Congress already is confronted with a portance to the Nation. Perhaps our greatest ship and plain hard work on the part of both case of potential overload from the increased responsibility to the American citizens is to great branches of Government: the willingness complexity and technical nature of modern so­ ensure their safety and freedom. to consult in advance; to keep confidences; to ciety. There has been a dramatic rise in con­ listen and compromise; to establish mutually­ gressional workload since World War II. Com­ accepted facts in advance of determining poli­ mittees and subcommittees with split jurisdic­ CONGRESS AND THE CHAL­ cies. And there must be willingness to do tion have proliferated. LENGES OF OUR THIRD CEN­ more than pay lip service to the principle of What will the demands on our time look like TURY open government, as well as the political 10 or 20 years from now? Will the Congress courage to share the glory of successes and retain a collegial character or take on ever in­ HON. DANTE B. FASCELL the responsibility for mistakes. creasing characteristics of a formalized bu­ OF FLORIDA The costs of failure to establish a working reaucracy? Will the practice of greater reli­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partnership based on trust are enormous-the ance on staff continue to expand? And what damage of a disaster such as the Iran-Contra Tuesday, March 8, 1988 will be the impact of such developments on affair is not measured in poll ratings but in lost the trend over the past decades of increasing Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the turbulent confidence and diminished effectiveness. It is internal democracy within the Congress? history of the world teaches us to be humble no coincidence that President Reagan's suc­ As the information din grows, the Congress in our predictions about the future of this great cess rate in winning votes in the Congress in will face an increasingly acute problem of country and of this institution. Nevertheless, 1 1987 dipped dramatically, to the lowest level management and philosophy. Assuring that say, again, with confidence that the instrument of any President in decades. the necessary business of the Republic is ac­ which has carried us through 200 years as a Perhaps the most difficult area in which to complished in a timely manner is already a dif­ nation, the U.S. Constitution, will continue to establish an effective partnership between the ficult task. Reforms will be needed in our in­ be our compass for charting a course into the executive and the Congress is in the area of ternal procedures, particularly in the budget next century. This covenant has fulfilled its foreign affairs. In part this is because the Con­ process, so that the will of the majority can be promise as the institutions it created have stitution divides foreign affairs and national se­ more easily worked. A careful balance must proven tremendously resilient and flexible. An­ curity responsibilities between the two be struck in favor of greater efficiency, without chored to the vision contained in this remarka­ branches, and leaves a large gray area which ble document, as a government and as a one former Supreme Court Justice termed "a sacrificing advances made toward greater Congress we have managed-not always zone of twilight"-where the President and openness in Government and internal democ­ without strain-to meet the requirements of the Congress "may have concurrent authority, racy in our procedures. our rapidly changing Nation. or in which its distribution is uncertain." Both the Congress and the Executive rightly In working to fulfill the lofty ideals set out in In a recent issue of Foreign Affairs, eminent decry the breakdown of the normal appropria­ the Constitution, our predecessors in the Con­ constiutional scholar Louis Henkin comments tions mechanism, and denounce the current gress produced a record of proud accomplish­ on the tensions between the executive and practice of concocting annual, mammoth con­ ments, some of which I have recalled in this legislative branches on critical foreign policy tinuing resolutions, as undemocratic and bad series of talks. Acts which seemed pioneering issues such as war powers, nuclear strategy, government Finding a workable solution will at the time are now simply part of our land­ defense spending, foreign aid, and covert ac­ not be easy. For its parts, the Congress, and scape. Today we take for granted and consid­ tivities. He concludes that "good government particularly the Senate, will have to find new, er sacred rights institutions which were once as well as democracy demand fewer deci­ more efficient procedures, or face the pros­ hotly debated and highly controversial. sions by one representative alone, for war or pects of more ad hoc, and unusual mecha­ I am confident that the 1OOth Congress will in peace." nisms, such as the so-called budget summit leave its enduring mark as well. Of course, the As you know, Mr. Speaker, I have argued last year. great legislative battles of our day may not be many times in favor of establishing a perma­ The final challenge I want to mention con­ those considered crucial by future genera­ nent consultative mechanism on foreign af­ cerns a less tangible area, but one as equally tions. History will judge our efforts to address fairs, such as a standing committee consisting important to the future success of this institu- March 8, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3569 tion as the political and legislative issues I As American democracy reaches toward the The council was officially founded on March have discussed. tricentennial and beyond, future Congresses 6, 1938, and has been active in the Chicago Future Congresses must seek to reinforce will grapple with these challenges, and with community ever since. The Weber Council is the values of citizen involvement in Govern­ other issues we cannot even imagine at this fittingly named after the late Archbishop ment and community, which provide the foun­ time. The legacy of the 1OOth Congress will Joseph Weber who continues to inspire and, dation for representative democracy: be measured by our already substantial record in spirit, lead the council in their service to the Perhaps the first responsibility for this task of legislative accomplishments, and by our city of Chicago. The council's current mem­ lies with the Executive, which can more easily ability to deal with these perennial problems. bership of 300 is presided over by Grand speak with a single voice and use the symbol­ Knight Walter Skorski and is served by their ism of the President's office to great effect. chaplain, the Reverend Father Steve Kanonik. But the role of the Congress as a modern-day INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLA­ The council has offered the Chicago com­ ombudsman between the Federal Government TION TO SETTLE THE WATER munity a wide range of social and charitable RIGHTS CLAIMS OF THE SALT and the general citizenry, gives this institution programs over the 50 years of their existence a special power and responsibility. RIVER PIMA-MARICOPA INDIAN with a special emphasis on programs to aid COMMUNITY OF ARIZONA It is unfortunate but true that over the past the children, our future, One of the ways they two decades Government has lost a good have put this interest into action is by spon­ deal of its sparkle and popular appeal. There HON. JON L. KYL soring Boy Scout Troop No. 474. are some good reasons for this. Perhaps we, OF ARIZONA I am sure my colleagues join me in con­ as a people, expected too much from Govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gratulating the members of Archbishop Weber Council on their 50th anniversary and thanking ment. Errors of judgment and breaches of Tuesday, March 8, 1988 public trust by our country's leaders have them for their many contributions to the com­ been just as important in encouraging disen­ Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join munity. The service they have given is truly chantment as any overreaching by Govern­ my Arizona colleagues today in sponsoring deserving of our honor and recognition. ment programs. Since Jack Kennedy's spirited legislation to settle the water rights dispute call for citizen participation nearly 30 years between the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian community and its non-Indian neighbors in Ari­ DAVID SAKS TESTIFIES IN ago, we have had Vietnam, Watergate, the FAVOR OF H.R. 2213 Iran-Contra debacle, and today's spectacle of zona. multiple investigations of a sitting Attorney The legislation we are introducing is the General. result of years of negotiations. Many deserve HON.EDWARDJ.MARKEY credit for the positive result, particularly Secre­ OF MASSACHUSETTS To tap the extraordinary talent of the Ameri­ tary Don Hodel. Without his attention and his can people and to insure the vitality of our de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leadership, it is likely that the parties to the mocracy through the next century, we must Tuesday, March 8, 1988 settlement would have been in Federal district restore Government service to the list of es­ court for years to come. However, with his ef­ Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, on Wednesday, teemed professions. The time has passed forts to date and with his continuing leader­ February 24, 1988, the Subcommittee on when America can afford to have leaders and ship, we can secure enactment of the bill this Telecommunications and Finance held a hear­ elected representatives who refer to Govern­ year and settle the water rights dispute once ing on H.R. 2213, the Hearing Aid Compatibil­ ment as if it were a plague destroying our so­ and for all. ity Act of 1988. At the hearing we were indeed ciety. This legislation reflects some give and take privileged to have the bill's primary sponsor, Through our actions and inaction, we, in from all sides. Non-Federal contributions my good friend and colleague from Massachu­ Congress, influence in a fundamental way how amount to about 60 percent of the entire setts, Congressman NICHOLAS MAVROULES. Americans view their Government. I am not value of the settlement-about $117 million in Among our other distinguished witnesses was suggesting that future Congresses should water and financial contributions. The Federal Mr. David Saks, cofounder and director of the seek to win a popularity contest or govern Government's contribution will amount to ap­ Organization for Use of the Telephone [OUT]. solely by public opinion polls. But developing proximately $77 million, $37 million of which is For more than 15 years Mr. Saks has been greater public understanding and appreciation already authorized. The community has set­ fighting for the rights of the hearing impaired. for the work of the Federal Government, and tled upon a fair amount of water. Long ago he recognized that the telephone is its legislative branch, would better equip the Mr. Speaker, pending lawsuits do not deliv­ not a luxury item, it is an essential part of our Congress to govern effectively and achieve er water to the Indian community or promote daily lives. In fact, for many senior citizens it is consensus on the difficult issues ahead. economic development there; they don't pro­ the primary link to the 'safety and companion­ On an even more basic level, we need to vide certainty about water availability in the ship of the outside world. The percentage of do something about the level of voter partici­ growing Phoenix area. They do divert re­ the population that is over 65 is increasing. pation in this country. It is perhaps explicable sources that could otherwise be used for pro­ We cannot confine our elders to a world of si­ but, nonetheless, a serious concern that a far ductive enterprises on and off the reservation. lence. higher percentage of Salvadorans put them­ The settlement is a fair one and it deserves While away from home while her husband selves at personal risk to vote in an untested early and favorable consideration by the Con­ was in the hospital, Reba Saks, David's wife, democratic system, than Americans turn out gress. Once my colleagues have had a who is severely hearing impaired, experienced to vote in the world's oldest democracy. chance to review it, I am sure they will agree. the terror and loneliness of not being able to Without popular participation, American de­ use the phone. For over a month she could mocracy will atrophy. In order to provide a not reach her husband at the hospital or her voice to voters now silent, future Congresses THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF family back home. Reba Saks is not alone; will have to find remedies, perhaps permitting ARCHBISHOP WEBER COUNCIL over 2 million hearing impaired persons have registration on the day of elections. NO. 2789, KNIGHTS OF COLUM­ limited access to the phone, and a majority of The three challenges I have described­ BUS these people are over 65. As a result of his managing shared power with the executive wife's experience, Mr. Saks founded OUT. branch; adapting to changing times; and keep­ HON. WILLIAM 0. LIPINSKI Since its inception, OUT has been a leader in ing alive the spirit of participatory democra­ OF ILLINOIS the battle to increase the hearing impaired's cy-are really no different from those faced by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES access to the phone. our predecessors in this great legislative body. There are very few advocates who can During my years of service in the Congress it Tuesday, March 8, 1988 match Mr. Saks' energy and dedication. From has become clear to me that just as these Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I take this op­ his small office in his home he has devoted challenges defy permanent solution, "what portunity to bring to the attention of my col­ countless hours, without compensation, lobby­ goes around, comes around." In looking for leagues the Archbishop Weber Council No. ing Congress and working with other groups remedies to current issues, the first step is to 2789, Knights of Columbus, on the 50th anni­ on issues of importance to hearing aid users. consider what has been tried before. versary of its founding. He was a major force bet1ind the passage of 3570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1988 the Telecommunications for the Disabled Act There has been worldwide concern over the gress reqmrmg all new telephones sold or of 1982, a law which took a big first step in special telecommunications problems faced leased in the United States to meet the FCC providing access to the telephone for hearing by hearing-impaired people. International technical standard for magnetic field aid users. Now Mr. Saks believes it is time to recognition of the vital role of telephone/ strength segment of Born in 1914, Mr. Saks now resides in Balti­ that a number of countries will adopt the the telephone industry is mushrooming more, MD. Fifteen years ago he retired from CCITT standard. under deregulation. More than 2,000 inter­ his furniture business and has been involved Subsequent evaluation established that connect companies reported 1985 sales the field strength standard recommended volume of $2.6 million. Much of this equip­ with OUT full time ever since. David and Reba ment is imported. Interconnect equipment have two daughters, four grandchildren, and I by the Electronic Industries Association [EIAl and adopted by the Federal Commu­ shares three important characteristics: <1) am told they are currently expecting their first nications Commission fell within the much of it is replacing utility-supplied HAC great-grandchild. I have attached excerpts of range of the international standard. telephones, (2) most is hearing aid incom­ a 1986 paper Mr. Saks coauthored entitled Although there is universal recognition of patible; and (3) a great proportion is import­ "Consumerism and the Disabled Consumer in the need for, and the benefits of, hearing ed. Imported telephones are largely hearing the Communications Marketplace," which he aid-compatible telephones, there is not uni­ aid incompatible. presented at a 1986 forum sponsored by the versal use of this technology by our tele­ Employees in offices and other businesses Annenberg Washington Program of North­ phone industry. More than 200,000,000 tele­ are most seriously affected by new hearing phones are in use in the United States. Of aid incompatible telephones. After having western University. I urge my colleagues to these fully 25 percent are not usable with functioned comfortably for years, suddenly read it. I believe it will provide valuable insight hearing aid telecoils. Due to the great influx they are confronted by new employer-owned into the problems the hearing impaired have in recent years of hearing aid incompatible telephone systems which do not transmit using the telephone and the solutions avail­ telephones from Europe and the Far East, sound in the old familiar inductive manner. able to those problems. both the number and the proportion of Even though accommodated with a usable CONSUMERISM AND THE DISABLED CONSUMER hearing aid compatible phones is increasing. phone at a personal desk or worksite, mobil­ IN THE COMMUNICATIONS MARKETPLACE Surely not cost: the cost of hearing aid ity is restricted; calls cannot be placed or an­ compatible receivers is on a par with incom­ Hearing aids have contained telecoils there is a glimmer of light In order to successfully couple telephones price for any telephone, regardless of com­ at the end of the tunnel. to hearing aids and to utilize the electro­ patibility, in a twelve store survey. [A more Present law and FCC regulations define magnetic energy which emanates from the recent survey confirms that at most retail frequently needed phones as new for use by basic AT&T ring armature receiver, hearing phones stores HAC phones are no more ex­ the public in such places as hotel lobbies aid manufacturers began to incorporate in­ pensive than incompatible phones] and airports; at an employee's worksite; in ductive capability into their more powerful The reason is not that hearing aid-com­ hospital rooms, unless another emergency aids. The happy outcome of this propitious patible telephones rely on an obscure tech­ signalling system is present; in hotel rooms, compatibility between the telephone's elec­ nology; induction has been known for many until 10 percent of the rooms have HAC tromagnetic field and the hearing aid's in­ years, and has thousands of applications phones. ductive receptor is the effective coupling of throughout the electrical and electronic in­ "Universal service" has been the central these two vital communication instruments dustries. The Netherlands requires all tele­ goal of telecommunications law and regula­ and the successful by-passing of the hearing phones to be HAC. A visitor to the Soviet tion for more than a half-century. Hearing aid microphone. With the microphone by­ Union during the summer of 1985, reported aid telecoil users have been an exception. passed feedback squeal is eliminated, back­ that unofficial personal observation led to Hearing-impaired people still are excluded ground noises are minimized and comforta­ the conclusion that all telephones in that from "all the people" for whom the original ble voice telephone communication is made vast country are hearing aid compatible. 1934 law sought access to effective tele­ possible for many individuals with severe Ample opportunity for a constructive solu­ phone service-unless they can affirmative­ and profound hearing impairments. tion is at hand. In addition to voluntary ly demonstrate emergency or frequent need The telephone/hearing aid compatibility standardization on HAC receivers, legisla­ and if the frequently needed phones were issue is not unique to the United States. tion is pending before both Houses of Con- installed after January 1, 1985.