DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation ENGLAND’S ANSWER: IDENTITY AND LEGITIMATION IN BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY By STUART STROME A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 1 © 2014 Stuart Strome 2 To my grandfather 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my mom, dad, grandparents, and entire family for supporting me through this taxing process. Thank you for being voices of encouragement through can sometimes be a discouraging undertaking. Thank you to the rest of my family for being there when I needed you most. I truly love you all! I would like to thank my professors and colleagues, who provided guidance, direction and invaluable advice during the writing process. They say you don’t get to choose your family yourself, although whoever up there chose it did a wonderful job. I’d like to thank all my colleagues and mentors who provided intellectual inspiration and encouragement. Most specifically, I’d like to thank my dissertation committee, Dan O’Neill, Ido Oren, Aida Hozic, Matthew Jacobs, and above all, my committee chair, Leann Brown. Dr. Brown was incredibly supportive throughout the process, kept me grounded and on track, and provided a shoulder to cry on when needed (which was often!) I’ve never heard of a committee chair that would regularly answer phone calls to field questions, or sometimes just to act as a sounding post with whom to flesh out ideas. You are an inspiration, and I am lucky to have you as a mentor and friend. I would like to thank my beautiful and wonderfully supportive girlfriend, without whom I would lack the inspiration to follow through on my goals. Finally, I would like to thank my close friends for all the help and support: Manu Samnotra, Jessica Peet, Koreen Alvarado, and everyone else without whom I would have caved under the pressure. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 7 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 9 The Research Question ............................................................................................ 9 The Importance of this Inquiry ................................................................................ 15 The Context - British Decline in Perspective ........................................................... 19 Summary of Chapters ............................................................................................. 24 2 THEORY AND METHODS ...................................................................................... 30 The Shortcomings of Foreign Policy Analysis ......................................................... 30 Legitimation ............................................................................................................ 37 Identity .................................................................................................................... 46 Self and Other .................................................................................................. 49 Narrative and Identity ....................................................................................... 59 Research Design .................................................................................................... 64 Method ............................................................................................................. 64 The Analytical Process ..................................................................................... 68 Data .................................................................................................................. 71 Case Selection ................................................................................................. 73 Overview of the Following Chapters ....................................................................... 77 3 SUEZ CRISIS, 1956 ............................................................................................... 80 Overview ................................................................................................................. 80 Background to the Crisis ......................................................................................... 82 Policy Options ......................................................................................................... 85 Identity Narratives ................................................................................................... 88 Analysis ................................................................................................................ 102 The Non-action Option ................................................................................... 102 The Diplomatic Options .................................................................................. 106 The Military Option ......................................................................................... 112 Alternative Narratives............................................................................................ 121 Epilogue ................................................................................................................ 127 4 THE FALKLANDS WAR, 1982 .............................................................................. 131 5 Overview ............................................................................................................... 131 Background to the Crisis ....................................................................................... 134 British Decline and the Ramifications for Identity .................................................. 139 Policy Options ....................................................................................................... 141 Identities ............................................................................................................... 144 Analysis ................................................................................................................ 157 The Non-action Option ................................................................................... 157 The Diplomatic Options .................................................................................. 163 The Military Option ......................................................................................... 171 Alternative Narratives............................................................................................ 181 Epilogue ................................................................................................................ 186 5 THE IRAQ WAR, 2003 .......................................................................................... 188 Overview ............................................................................................................... 188 Background to the Crisis ....................................................................................... 190 Policy Options ....................................................................................................... 195 Identities ............................................................................................................... 204 Analysis ................................................................................................................ 216 The Containment and UN Options ................................................................. 216 The Military Option ......................................................................................... 222 Alternative Narratives............................................................................................ 228 Epilogue ................................................................................................................ 234 6 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 237 Comparing the Cases ........................................................................................... 238 Strengthening the Research Design ..................................................................... 246 Contributions to Existing Literature ....................................................................... 250 Possibilities for Future Research .......................................................................... 255 The “Future” of Narrative in Narratives of the Future ............................................ 258 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 262 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 279 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DPT Democratic Peace Theory FPA Foreign Policy Analysis IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IMF International Monetary Fund IR International Relations MP Member of Parliament UK United Kingdom UNMOVIC United Nations Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission UNSC United Nations Security Council UNSCOM United Nations Special Commission US United States SCUA Suez Canal Users’ Association WMD Weapon of Mass Destruction 7 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Father of the House Sarah Priddy
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 06399, 17 December 2019 By Richard Kelly Father of the House Sarah Priddy Inside: 1. Seniority of Members 2. History www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 06399, 17 December 2019 2 Contents Summary 3 1. Seniority of Members 4 1.1 Determining seniority 4 Examples 4 1.2 Duties of the Father of the House 5 1.3 Baby of the House 5 2. History 6 2.1 Origin of the term 6 2.2 Early usage 6 2.3 Fathers of the House 7 2.4 Previous qualifications 7 2.5 Possible elections for Father of the House 8 Appendix: Fathers of the House, since 1901 9 3 Father of the House Summary The Father of the House is a title that is by tradition bestowed on the senior Member of the House, which is nowadays held to be the Member who has the longest unbroken service in the Commons. The Father of the House in the current (2019) Parliament is Sir Peter Bottomley, who was first elected to the House in a by-election in 1975. Under Standing Order No 1, as long as the Father of the House is not a Minister, he takes the Chair when the House elects a Speaker. He has no other formal duties. There is evidence of the title having been used in the 18th century. However, the origin of the term is not clear and it is likely that different qualifications were used in the past. The Father of the House is not necessarily the oldest Member.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old Wandsworthians Memorial Trust Newsletter Happy New Year
    The Old Wandsworthians Memorial Trust Newsletter No.15. February 2010 Happy New Year Better Late than Never! Apologies for the delay in sending out this edition of the Newsletter but as always I plead overwork, old age and age related fatigue. It is 52 years since I left Wandsworth School but the link (sic) feels as strong as ever! It is natural to cement the bond of friend- ship with your immediate contemporaries but I believe Wandsworthians share a greater vision handed down from a dedicated staff and several outstanding headmasters who were informed pioneers in the cause of education for all. Some of you will know that the Trustees are about to publish a book entitled ‘From Grammar to Comprehensive - Wandsworth School 1947-1965’ . The manuscript was passed into the care of the Trustees by Nigel Spearing who taught geography along with Doc Solomon but who went on to greater things as the MP for Acton (1970-1974) and the Newham South (1974-1997). Nigel originally initiated the concept of a book that documented the tumultuous changes in education in the post-war era. Vividly Part 1 written by the then headmaster H. Raymond King sets out the perceived need for a comprehensive education for all and the oppor- tunity for boys and girls of different academic and technical abilities to belong to the same youthful community. There is an obvious pas- sion in each chapter and it is obvious to me at least that HRK would have been at least knighted if he had lived in modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To
    ‘The Left’s Views on Israel: From the establishment of the Jewish state to the intifada’ Thesis submitted by June Edmunds for PhD examination at the London School of Economics and Political Science 1 UMI Number: U615796 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615796 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7377 POLITI 58^S8i ABSTRACT The British left has confronted a dilemma in forming its attitude towards Israel in the postwar period. The establishment of the Jewish state seemed to force people on the left to choose between competing nationalisms - Israeli, Arab and later, Palestinian. Over time, a number of key developments sharpened the dilemma. My central focus is the evolution of thinking about Israel and the Middle East in the British Labour Party. I examine four critical periods: the creation of Israel in 1948; the Suez war in 1956; the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and the 1980s, covering mainly the Israeli invasion of Lebanon but also the intifada. In each case, entrenched attitudes were called into question and longer-term shifts were triggered in the aftermath.
    [Show full text]
  • U DDC Records of the Union 1910-1974 of Democratic Control
    Hull History Centre: Records of the Union of Democratic Control U DDC Records of the Union 1910-1974 of Democratic Control Historical background: The UDC was established in the first days of the First World War to work for parliamentary control of foreign policy and a moderate peace settlement. There was a belief in some quarters that Britain had been dragged into the war because of secret military agreements with France and Russia. The early leaders of the group initially called the Committee of Democratic Control, were Charles Trevelyan (the only member of the Liberal government to resign over the declaration of war), James Ramsay Macdonald, Arthur Ponsonby, Norman Angell and ED Morel. Morel became the secretary and initial driving force behind what was soon re-named the Union of Democratic Control. The group was formally launched with an open letter to the press in early September 1914. The UDC's stated objectives were: parliamentary control over foreign policy and the prevention of secret diplomacy, a movement for international understanding after the war, and a just peace. A Committee of 18 members was established, including Arthur Henderson, JA Hobson and Bertrand Russell. Operations were initially based at Charles Trevelyan's London home, but offices were quickly acquired off the Strand, and later, on Fleet Street. Running costs were met from subscriptions, plus large donations received from several major Quaker business concerns. In late 1917 the UDC reached its maximum membership of some 10,000 individuals in over 100 branches. By 1918, 300 other groups (mainly co-operatives, trade unions and women's organisations) with 650,000 members were also affiliated to the UDC.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-00 NTDA Tyre & Automotive Aftercare Directory
    UK TYRE & AUTOMOTIVE AFTERCARE DIRECTORY 2020 UK TYRE & AUTOMOTIVE AFTERCARE DIRECTORY UK Tyre & Automotive Aftercare DIRECTORY 2020 Maritime Cargo Services Freight Forwarding Agents NOT ALL SUPPLY CHAINS ARE EQUAL.... PROUD TO BE FIRST IN MIND FOR TYRE IMPORTERS FOR OVER 25 YEARS www.maritimecargo.com edicated to D hel pin Del g ive yo ri u U n g Frank Ruggles Walter Marr Don Gibson Mike West Brian BrownProud winnersDerek of Mossthe K g President President President President PresidentNTDA’s Tyre WholesalerPresident rategic r st all ’s a o 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 of the Year1978 2019 11 y p l w Call u la la l s FR c r o EE e g v y d o to e e d w s r u a y a t t r f r d h b r e o h i e u Derek Peaker Richard Davies John Reeves Gordon Bain Trevor Allen Allan Murray m s President President President President President President o s t U 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 i u r l K n a s i b e n e u d s s u p s l i f t n w o o t e o r r s i t c 8 Peter Fearn Findlay Picken Charles Hespin Malcolm Shields Ivan Smith David Stanton a o h u President President President President President President n f t 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 s d S i t p m t o m a a m o e p s b s e l s i e r l e a e t c s n o o d o g n n n a Liz Wright John Holland Mike Craddock Peter Gaster John Thurston Hugh Pitcher v 0 e ’ y 8 President President President President President President s e 0 r 8 n 1991 1992 1993 1993 1994 1995-1996 1 r c i 3 1 e 1 4 2 3 a a n c r n e , g 4 x e 4 s a o e r n y d t f v n a r e t a i Tony Cooke Ashley Croft Martin Rowlands John Tarbox Peter Gaster David White l s President National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman u s p n p o 1997-1998 1999-2002 2002-2005 2005-2007 2007-2010 2010-2012 i o t r u t l s o To our forefathers and all the Past Presidents, National Chairmen and the many Regional Officers who have voluntarily and selflessly served the www.profitlink.co.uk Call us free today from landlines and mobiles onAssociation over the last 90 years we say THANK YOU.
    [Show full text]
  • Czulda Polityka Bezpieczenstwa.Pdf
    Robert Czulda – Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politologicz- nych Zakład Teorii Polityki i Myśli Politycznej, 90–127 Łódź, ul. Składowa 41/43 RECENZENT Jarosław Gryz REDAKTOR WYDAWNICTWA UŁ Elżbieta Marciszewska-Kowalczyk SKŁAD I ŁAMANIE AGENT PR PROJEKT OKŁADKI Łukasz Orzechowski Zdjęcie wykorzystane na okładce: © Depositphotos.com/swisshippo © Copyright by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2014 Wydane przez Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Wydanie I. W.06278.13.0.D ISBN 978-83-7969-153-1 (wersja papierowa) ISBN 978-83-7969-495-2 (wersja elektroniczna) https://doi.org/10.18778/7969-153-1 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 90-131 Łódź, ul. Lindleya 8 www.wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl e-mail: [email protected] tel. (42) 665 58 63, faks (42) 665 58 62 SPIS TREŚCI WPROWADZENIE ................................................................................................................. 7 ROZDZIAŁ I Brytyjska ocena strategiczna środowiska bezpieczeństwa ................................................... 33 Ocena zagrożeń i prognoza rozwoju sytuacji w latach 1944–1945 ............................. 33 Od nadziei do konfrontacji (1945–1947) ......................................................................... 46 Wpływ broni nuklearnej na ocenę zagrożeń ................................................................... 59 Strategia trzech fi larów a środowisko międzynarodowe (1948–1950) ......................... 71 Wojna w Korei i próby odprężenia – od obaw do nadziei (1950–1955) ..................... 94 ROZDZIAŁ II Multilateralne
    [Show full text]
  • Enoch Powell: the Lonesome Leader
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Huddersfield Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Wellings, Ben Enoch Powell: The lonesome leader Original Citation Wellings, Ben (2013) Enoch Powell: The lonesome leader. Humanities Research Journal, 19 (1). pp. 45-59. ISSN 1834-8491 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/18914/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Enoch Powell: The lonesome leader Ben Wellings Introduction By all accounts Enoch Powell was not someone you would warm to, but his personal awkwardness was offset by his enduring popular appeal—a charisma that enabled support for his political causes to cross class boundaries and party affiliations. Despite his education and erudition—or perhaps because of it— he appealed to the working classes and Labour voters, and appeared as a man speaking truth unto power, unafraid to break the political taboos of the day and thereby appealing to individuals who similarly felt silenced by political developments.
    [Show full text]
  • BACK G E R M a N P R I S O N E R S
    tiV THURSDAY,' SEPTEMBER 8, 19Sl| Avtmgc Diilsr N«t P n a Ron Vir tka WMk KuM iiancliriater lEvrutne H^ralh ■•lit S. IfU of Saida, Lebanon, the city mana­ sage by the pastor, the Rev. K. Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop A. Reed ger of New .London, the Rev, Hage 11,536 Ejnar Raak. A sqp\»iftfr will be Attend Reception of Tolland, form erly.of this town,' of St. Ann's Church, New London, at IfM iiatUt About Town given to each' o n f attending the have issued Invitations for the and members of the clergy from laf ( ■ . * t ^ service.' An offering will aleo be DON'T "TIT" Man^he$ter~-^A CUy o f ViUogo Chorm marriage of Mrs. Reed^s daughter. In New London all parts of North and Soutli Amer­ Still, pleaty'ot wmr left hi U ^ b c n o f the Junior Ghumber Miss Nancy Huntington Bldredge, received for Ihe benefit of. Co­ ica. His Beatitude the Melklte shoea whM broaght hw* Mr ' pf Commerce'and their, .wivee will to Charles Daniel Kellogg Jr., of venant people w ho suffered losses Patriarch, spoke to the enthralled expeH repairtag. In the receijt flood. ■ ” Mr. and Mta. Richard S. Nasslff, M) mark the atart of the fall aeaaon Fairfield. The ceremonk will be gathering In fluent French and In WORK DONE WBUJB yOL.LXXIV.NO.28f (EIGHTEEN PAGB3) BIANCHESTER, CONN., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1955 and the Mlrses Marie and Hieresa Saturday night at a dinner aoclal performed Saturday, Oct. 1, at 3 high Arabic, his native tongue, TOO W A IT meeting at the Manchester Coun­ p.m., in Christ Church Cathredial, Nasalff attended the dinner recep­ A solemn Pontifical Uturgy was try Club.
    [Show full text]
  • Rochford District Council Minutes
    INDEX 1975 January - December r I! IIII ATEIYIgN NOTICES (i) 165 Downhall Road, Rayleigh 450 (ii) 18,36 and 46 Sutton Court Drive, Rochford 606 (iii) 1 and 4 West Cottages,High Street, Canewdon 606 (iv) 30 Sutton Court Drive, Rochford 606 (v) 1 Scotte Hall Parm Cottages, Canewdon 959 (vi) 26 Sutton Court Drive, Roohford 1116 (vii) 3 and 5 Ohuroh 5treet, Rayleigh 1116 (viii) 16 Oakwood Road, Rayleigh 1116 (ix) 2 London Road, Rawretb 1117 (4 White Heather, London Road, Rawreth 1121 Accidents involving Council vehicles S6, 1217 r1218 405 784 801 Annual Local Authority Allotments and Garden Competition 54 Provision of Allotments, Hulibridge 494 Rawreth Shot Allotment Site, Grazing rights 987 ANGLIAN WATER AUTHORITY Capital Schemes 222 Estimates and Charges 223,506 Appointment of Members 295 Technical Schemes 634 Fthnanoial Arrangements 649 Recreational Waterways, Private Bill 786 Collection of General Services Charge 915,1046 Programme of Capital and Minor Works 1170 Unsewered properties l19 Cesspool emptying 223 Antorial Bearings, Grant of Arms 303 Ashingd.on and E.Hawbrell Memorial Hall 203,989 Awarc of Certificates, Royal Society of Health Food Hygiene Course. 507 9N r'!'!1!7'!' 11 '!'•'f BRMIERFON ROKI) - Purchase of 3 acres of land for Community use purposes 664,797,806, 907,1156 BRiTISH RAIL Proposed closure of alternative entrances to Rochford and Hockley rail stations 1016,1181 Broadcasting — Commercial 1086 Budget — 1975 533 BDILDING REGUlATIONS - RThAXATION (i) Meadowside, West Avenue, Hu.llbridge 4 ii) 6 Rookery Close, Rayleigh 5 iii) Southend. Municipal Airport 113 iv) 17 Ferndale Road, Rayleigh 310 v) Ill High Road, Rayleigh 389 vi) 5 Stuart Close, Great Wakaing 471 vii) EEB, London Road, Rayleigh 471 viii) 8 Warwick Road, Rayleigh 471 ix) Southend.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservatives in British Government and the Search for a Social Policy 1918-1923
    71-22,488 HOGAN, Neil William, 1936- THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE CONSERVATIVES IN BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE SEARCH FOR A SOCIAL POLICY 1918-1923 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Neil William Hogan, B.S.S., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by I AdvAdviser iser Department of History PREFACE I would like to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Geoffrey D.M. Block, M.B.E. and Mrs. Critch of the Conservative Research Centre for the use of Conservative Party material; A.J.P. Taylor of the Beaverbrook Library for his encouragement and helpful suggestions and his efficient and courteous librarian, Mr. Iago. In addition, I wish to thank the staffs of the British Museum, Public Record Office, West Sussex Record Office, and the University of Birmingham Library for their aid. To my adviser, Professor Phillip P. Poirier, a special acknowledgement#for his suggestions and criticisms were always useful and wise. I also want to thank my mother who helped in the typing and most of all my wife, Janet, who typed and proofread the paper and gave so much encouragement in the whole project. VITA July 27, 1936 . Bom, Cleveland, Ohio 1958 .......... B.S.S., John Carroll University Cleveland, Ohio 1959 - 1965 .... U.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Jubilee Line Extension (JLE)
    UK Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) - 1 - This report was compiled by the OMEGA Centre, University College London. Please Note: This Project Profile has been prepared as part of the ongoing OMEGA Centre of Excellence work on Mega Urban Transport Projects. The information presented in the Profile is essentially a 'work in progress' and will be updated/amended as necessary as work proceeds. Readers are therefore advised to periodically check for any updates or revisions. The Centre and its collaborators/partners have obtained data from sources believed to be reliable and have made every reasonable effort to ensure its accuracy. However, the Centre and its collaborators/partners cannot assume responsibility for errors and omissions in the data nor in the documentation accompanying them. - 2 - CONTENTS A INTRODUCTION Type of Project Location Major Associated Developments Current Status B BACKGROUND TO PROJECT Principal Project Objectives Key Enabling Mechanisms and Timeline of Key Decisions Principal Organisations Involved • Central Government Bodies/Departments • Local Government • London Underground Limited • Olympia & York • The coordinating group • Contractors Planning and Environmental Regime • The JLE Planning Regime • The Environmental Statement • Project Environmental Policy & the Environmental Management System (EMS) • Archaeological Impact Assessment • Public Consultation • Ecological Mitigation • Regeneration Land Acquisition C PRINCIPAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Route Description Main Termini and Intermediate Stations • Westminster
    [Show full text]
  • Vermin, Victims Disease
    Vermin, Victims and Disease British Debates over Bovine Tuberculosis and Badgers ANGELA CASSIDY Vermin, Victims and Disease Angela Cassidy Vermin, Victims and Disease British Debates over Bovine Tuberculosis and Badgers Angela Cassidy Centre for Rural Policy Research (CRPR) University of Exeter Exeter, UK ISBN 978-3-030-19185-6 ISBN 978-3-030-19186-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19186-3 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This book is an open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]