TARGET OCS 2020 DAILY QUIZ DAY – 6 DATE : 29-09-2020

GEOGRAPHY Q Questions Answers Q1 Which of the following is the type of Correct Option: (d) plate Explanation: Option (d) is correct: ContinentContinent boundary of the Indian plate along the convergence is the type of Himalayan Mountains? plate boundary of the Indian plate along (a) Ocean-Continent Convergence the Himalayan mountains. (b) Divergent Boundary Supplementary notes: (c) Transform Boundary Movement of the Indian Plate The Indian plate includes (d) Continent-Continent Convergence Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions. The subduction zone along the forms the northern plate boundary in the form of Continent-Continent convergence. In the east, it extends through the Rakinyoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc along the Java Trench. The Western margin follows the Kirthar Mountain of . It further extends along the Makrana coast and joins the spreading site from the Red Sea rift southeastward along the Chagos Archipelago. India was a large island situated off the Australian coast, in a vast ocean. The Tethys Sea separated it from the Asian continent until about 225 million years ago. India is supposed to have started her northward journey about 200 million years ago at the time when Pangaea broke. India collided with Asia about 40-50 million years ago causing rapid uplift of the Himalayas. About 140 million years before the present, the subcontinent was located as south as 50 degrees south latitude. The two major plates were separated by the Tethys Sea and the Tibetan block was closer to the Asiatic landmass. During the movement of the Indian plate towards the Asiatic plate, a major event that occurred was the outpouring of lava and formation of

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Q2 Peninsular Rivers are characterised by: Correct Option: (d) (a) Fixed course of flow Explanation: Option (d) is correct: Peninsular (b) Absence of meanders Rivers are characterised by fixed (c) Non-perennial flow of water course, absence of meanders and nonperennial flow of (d) All of the above water. Supplementary notes: The Peninsular Drainage System The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers. The running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers , discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea. Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son, originating in the northern part of the Peninsula belong to the Ganga river system. The other major river systems of the peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Peninsular rivers are characterised by fixed course, absence of meanders and non-perennial flow of water. The Narmada and the Tapi, which flow through the rift valley, are exceptions. Q3 Which of the following rivers are the Correct Option: (d) right Explanation: Statements 3 and 4 are incorrect: bank tributaries of Indus? Chenab and Jhelum are left bank tributaries 1. Khurram of River Indus. 2. Tochi Supplementary notes: 3. Chenab Tributaries of System The Indus receives a 4. Jhelum number of Himalayan 5. Gomal tributaries such as the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Select the correct answer using the code Zaskar, the Hunza, the Nubra, the Shigar, given the Gasting and the Dras. below: It finally emerges out of the hills near (a) 1, 3 and 4 only Attock where it receives the Kabul river on (b) 2 and 4 only its right bank. (c) 2, 3 and 5 only The other important tributaries (d) 1, 2, and 5 only joining the right bank of the Indus are the Khurram, the Tochi, the Gomal, the Viboa and the Sangar. They all originate in the Sulaiman ranges. The river flows southward and receives ‘Panjnad’ a little above Mithankot. The Panjnad is the name given to the five

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 rivers of , namely the Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum. It finally discharges into the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi. The Indus flows in India only through Jammu and Kashmir Q4 “The higher reaches of this region are Correct Option: (b) inhabited Explanation: Option (b) is correct: The Himalaya by Lepcha tribes while the southern part region in this quotation is Darjiling and has Sikkim Himalayas. a mixed population of Nepalis, Supplementary notes: Bengalis, and The Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas They are flanked tribals from Central India”. The by Himalayas in the Himalaya west and Bhutan Himalayas in the east. It region in this quotation is: is relatively small but is the most significant (a) Himachal and Uttarakhand part of the Himalayas. Himalayas Known for its fast-flowing rivers such as (b) Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas Tista, it is a region of high mountain peaks (c) Arunachal Himalayas like Kanchenjunga (Kanchengiri) and deep (d) Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas valleys. The higher reaches of this region are inhabited by Lepcha tribes while the southern part, particularly the Darjiling Himalayas, has a mixed population of Nepalis, Bengalis and tribals from Central India. Q5 In the Continental Drift Theory, Correct Option: (a) Wegener Explanation: Option (a) is correct: The pole-fleeing suggested that the movement force is created by the centrifugal force from responsible for the Earth’s rotation and by the buldge at the drifting of the continents was caused the slightly flattened Earth’s Equator. by Supplementary notes: pole-fleeing force and tidal force. What Force for Continental Drift The drift was in two is polefleeing force? directions- Equator wards due to the interaction (a) The force created by centrifugal of forces of gravity, pole-fleeing force from force and buoyancy (ship floats in the Earth’s rotation and by the bulge at water due to buoyant force offered by the slightly flattened Earth’s equator. water), and (b) The force created by centripetal Westwards due to tidal force from currents because of the earth’s motion the Earth’s rotation and by the bulge at (earth rotates form west to east, so tidal the slightly flattened Earth’s equator. currents act from east to west). (c) The force created by centrifugal Wegener suggested that tidal force also force played a major role. from the Earth’s rotation and attraction The polar-fleeing force relates to the between Sun and Earth. rotation of the earth. The earth is not (d) The force created by centrifugal a perfect sphere; it has a bulge at the force equator. This bulge is due to the rotation from the Earth’s rotation and attraction of the earth. [Greater Centrifugal force at between Moon and Earth. the equator]. Centrifugal force increases as we move from poles towards equator. This increase in centrifugal force has led to pole fleeing. Tidal force is due to the attraction of

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 the moon and the sun that develops tides in oceanic waters. Wegener believed that these forces would become effective when applied over many million years. According to Wegener, the drift is still continuing. Causes of Drift are: Gravity of the earth, buoyancy of the seas and the tidal currents were given as the main factors causing the drift, by Wegener. Q6 Match the following: Correct Option: (a) Passes States Explanation: Option (a) is correct: A. Chang La Pass 1. Arunachal Pradesh Passes States B. Kunzum Pass 2. Sikkim A. Chang La Pass 3. Jammu and Kashmir C. Jelep La Pass 3. Jammu & Kashmir B. Kunzum Pass 4. Himachal Pradesh D. Sela Pass 4. Himachal Pradesh C. Jelep La Pass 2. Sikkim Select the correct answer using the code D. Sela Pass 1. Arunachal Pradesh given Supplementary notes: below: Important Passes in India Jelep La Pass - This pass A B C D passes through (a) 3 4 2 1 the Chumbi valley. It connects Sikkim (b) 1 4 2 3 with Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. (c) 3 4 1 2 Chang-La - It is a high mountain pass (d) 2 1 3 4 in the Greater Himalayas. It connects with Tibet. Sela Pass – It is in Arunachal Pradesh Kunzum Pass – It is in Himachal Pradesh Bara-La/ Bara- Lacha La - It is situated in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It connects Manali and Leh. Traill’s Pass - It is located in Uttarakhand. Lipu Lekh - It connects Uttarakhand with Tibet. Mana Pass - It is located in the Greater Himalayas and connects Tibet with Uttarakhand. Debsa Pass - It joins Spiti Valley and Parvati Valley. It is a high mountain pass in between the Kullu and Spiti of Himachal Pradesh. It is a bypass route of Pin-Parvati Pass. Rohtang Pass - This is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This pass connects Kullu, Spiti, and Lahul. Khardung La - It is the highest motorable pass in the country. It connects Leh and Siachen glaciers. Nathu La Pass - Sikkim. It forms a part of an offshoot of the ancient silk route. Shipki La Pass - It is located through Sutlej Gorge. It connects Himachal Pradesh with Tibet.

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 Thang La - It is located in Ladakh. It is the second-highest motorable mountain pass in India. Arunachal Pradesh (India), China, and Myanmar. It lies on the McMahon Line. Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) - It is situated in the Pir Panjal Range. It connects Banihal with Qazigund. Zoji La - It connects Srinagar with Kargil and Leh. Burzail pass - This pass Kashmir with Ladakh. Pir-Panjal Pass - It is a traditional pass from Jammu to Srinagar. Aghil Pass - It is situated to the North of Mount Godwin-Austen in the . It connects Ladakh with Xinjiang province of China. Bomdi-La – It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, the capital city of Tibet. Dihang pass - This pass connects Arunachal Pradesh with Myanmar (Mandalay). Diphu pass – It is a mountain pass around the area of the disputed tripoint borders of India, China and Myanmar. Q7 Match the following denudational Correct Option: (d) features of Explanation: Option (d) is correct: deserts with their respective agents: Features Agents Features Agents A. Mushroom rocks 2. Wind erosion A. Mushroom rocks 1. Wind deposition B. Barchans 1. Wind deposition B. Barchans 2. Wind erosion C. Pediment 4. Water erosion C. Pediment 3.Water deposition D. Bajada 3. Water deposition D. Bajada 4. Water erosion Supplementary notes: Select the correct answer using the code Landforms of Wind Erosion in Deserts Rock pedestals given or mushroom rocks The sand-blasting effect of winds below: against A B C D any projecting rock masses wear back (a) 1 2 3 4 the softer layers so that an irregular (b) 1 2 4 3 edge is formed on the alternate bands of (c) 2 1 3 4 hard and soft rocks. (d) 2 1 4 3 Such rock pillars will be further eroded near their bases where the friction is greatest. This process of under-cutting produces rocks of mushroom shape called mushroom rocks or gour in the Sahara. Zeugen Yardangs Mesas and buttes Inselberg Ventifacts or dreikanter Deflation hollows Landforms of Wind Deposition in Deserts Dunes are hills of sand formed by the accumulation of sand and shaped by the movement of winds. They may be active or live dunes, constantly on the move, or inactive fixed dunes, rooted with vegetation.

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 Barchan are crescentic or moon-shaped dunes that occur individually or in groups. They are live dunes that advance steadily before winds that come from a particular prevailing direction. Seifs or longitudinal dunes Loess Landforms due to Water Action in Deserts Flash-floods Deep gullies and ravines Plavas, salinas or salars The Bajada is a depositional feature made up of alluvial material laid down by the intermittent streams. The Pediment is erosional plain formed at the base of the surrounding mountain scarps. Q8 Landforms of Highland Glaciation Correct Option: (c) consist of: Explanation: Statement 2 is incorrect: Eskers is a 1. Corrie or cirque landform of Lowland Glaciation. 2. Eskers Supplementary notes: 3. Hanging valleys Landforms of Highland Glaciation 4. Moraines Corrie, cirque or cwm The downslope movement of a Which of the above statements are glacier correct? from its snow-covered valley-head and the (a) 1, 2 and 3 only intensive shattering of the upland slopes (b) 2, 3 and 4 only tend to produce a depression where the firn (c) 1, 3 and 4 only or neve accumulates. (d) 1, 2 and 4 only The process of plucking deepens the depression into a steep, horse-shoe-shaped basin called a cirque (in French). It is also known as a corrie in Scotland and a cwm in Wales. Aretes and pyramidal peaks: When two corries cut back on opposite sides of a mountain, knife-edged ridges are formed called aretes. Where three or more cirques cut back together, their ultimate recession will form an angular horn or pyramidal peak. Bergschrund: At the head of a glacier, where it begins to leave the snowfield of a corrie, a deep vertical crack opens up called a bergschrund (in German) or rimaye (in French). This happens in summer when, although the ice continues to move out of the corrie, there is no new snow to replace it. The bergschrund presents a major obstacle to climbers. U-shaped glacial trough: A valley which has been glaciated takes a characteristic U-shape, with a wide, flat floor and very steep sides. After the disappearance of the ice, the deep sections of these long, narrow glacial

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 troughs may be filled with water forming ribbon lakes (also called as trough lakes or finger lakes). Hanging valleys: The main valley is eroded much more rapidly than the tributary valleys as it contains a much larger glacier. After the ice has melted a tributary valley, therefore ‘hangs’ above the main valley so that its stream plunges down like a waterfall. Such tributary valleys are termed hanging valleys and may form a natural head of water for generating hydro-electric power. Rock basins and rock steps: A glacier erodes and excavates the bedrock in an irregular manner. The unequal excavation gives rise to many rock basins later filled by lakes in the valley trough. Where a tributary valley joins the main valley, the additional weight of ice in the main valley cuts deeper into the valley floor at the point of convergence forming a rock step. Moraines: Moraines are made up of the pieces of rock that are shattered by frost action, imbedded in the glaciers and brought down the valley. Those that fall on the sides of the glacier, mainly screes, form lateral moraines. When two glaciers converge, their inside lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine. The rock fragments which are dragged along beneath the frozen ice are dropped when the glacier melts and spread across the floor of the valley as ground moraine. The glacier eventually melts on reaching the foot of the valley, and the pile of transported materials left behind at the snout is the terminal moraine or end moraine. Q9 The famous pilgrimage such as Vaishno Correct Option: (d) Devi Explanation: Option (d) is correct: The famous and Amarnath Cave are located in? pilgrimage such as Vaishno Devi, (a) Lower Himalayan Range Amarnath Cave are located in Kashmir or (b) Shiwalik Hills Northwestern Himalayas. (c) Nanga Parbat Supplementary notes: (d) Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas The Northwestern Himalayan comprises a series of ranges like the Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar and Pir Panjal. The northeastern part of the Kashmir Himalayas is a cold desert, which lies between the Greater Himalayas and the Karakoram ranges.

CIVIL SERVICE CORNER civilservicecorner.in https://t.me/CSCODISHA1 WHATSAPP- 7682092884 The famous pilgrimage such as Vaishno Devi, Amarnath Cave are located in Kashmir or Northwestern Himalayas Q10 Which of the following rivers is not a Correct Option: (d) westflowing river? Explanation: Option (d) is correct: The Kabini, (a) Sabarmati a tributary of Kaveri, originates in (b) Mahi Kerala and flows eastward. (c) Sharavathi Supplementary notes: (d) Kabini Peninsular Rivers The Kabini, a tributary of Kaveri, originates in Kerala and flows eastward. The river Kabini joins the Kaveri at Tirumakudal Narasipur. The Sabarmati is the name given to the combined streams the Sabar and Hathmati. Sabarmati originates from Aravalli hills at an elevation of 762 m near village Tepur, in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. The total length of river from origin to outfall into the Arabian Sea is 371 km. Left bank tributaries: the Wakal, the Hathmati, and the Vatrak. Right bank tributaries: the Sei. The Mahi basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat having total area of 34,842 sq km. It is bounded by Aravalli hills on the north and the north-west, by Plateau on the east, by the Vindhyas on the south and by the Gulf of Khambhat on the west. Mahi is one of the major interstate west flowing rivers of India. It originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500 m in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. The total length of Mahi is 583 km. It drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat. The Sharavathi originates at Ambuthirtha in Thirthahalli Taluk, flows north-west through the Western Ghats. It forms the famous Jog Falls before joining the Arabian Sea at Honavara. MAIN PRACTICE QUESTION Q1 What are the major Physiographic Refer NCERT 11th INDIA : Physical division of India ? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of peninsular plateau .

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