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Filozofija i društvo, godište XXIX, broj 2 izdaje / published by Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Kraljice Natalije 45, Beograd, telefon: +381112646242 Email: [email protected] www.instifdt.bg.ac.rs IZDAVAČKI SAVET / INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Athena Athanasiou, Athens; Jovan Babić, Beograd; Petar Bojanić, Beograd (President); Miran Božovič, Ljubljana; Igor Cubarov, Moskva; Mario de Caro, Roma; Ana Dimiskovska, Skopje; Eric Fassin, Paris; Aleksandar Fatić, Beograd; Christoph Hubig, Darmstadt; Kornelia Ičin, Beograd; Dejan Jović, Zagreb; Jean François Kervegan, Paris; Cornelia Klinger, Wien; Nicholas Onuf, Miami; Luca Taddio, Udine; Ilija Vujačić, Beograd; Alenka Zupančič, Ljubljana; Kenneth R. Westphal, Istanbul REDAKCIJA ČASOPISA / EDITORIAL BOARD Jan Müller, Universität Basel; Maurizio Ferraris, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell Università degli Studi di Torino; Peter Klepec, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti Ljubljana; Snježana Prijić-Samaržija, Sveučilište u Rijeci; Željko Radinković, IFDT; Bojana Radovanović, IFDT; Michal Sladeček, IFDT; Aleksandar Dobrijević, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Jelena Vasiljević, IFDT [email protected] Urednik izdavačke delatnosti / Managing Editor Predrag Krstić Glavni i odgovorni urednik / Editor in Chief Rastko Jovanov Zamenik urednika / Deputy Editor Miloš Ćipranić Sekretari redakcije / Secretary Srđan Prodanović, Biljana Albahari, Aleksandra Lazić Prilozi objavljeni u Filozofiji i društvu indeksirani su u Web of Science (ESCI), ERIH PLUS, Philosopher’s Index, EBSCO, PhilPapers, ResearchGate, Genamics JournalSeek, Google Scholar, J-Gate, ProQuest, ReadCube, Europeana Collections, Journal Index, Baidu Scholar Dizajn: Milica Milojević Lektura: Edvard Đorđević Grafička obrada: Sanja Tasić Štampa: Donat Graf, Beograd Tiraž: 300. Časopis izlazi četiri puta godišnje. Cena 350 dinara; godišnja pretplata 1200 dinara. Objavljivanje časopisa finansijski pomaže Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije. Radove objavljene u časopisu nije dozvoljeno preštampavati, u celini ili u delovima, ukoliko nije naveden izvornik. Univerzitet u Beogradu Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju FILOZOFIJA I DRUŠTVO PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIETY broj 2, 2018. godište XXIX Beograd 2018. YU ISSN 0353-5738 UDK 1+316+32 3 HUMAN BEINGS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND POLITICS / EDITED BY ZORAN DIMIĆ LJUDSKA BIĆA IZMEĐU ŽIVOTINJA I POLITIKE 157 Annick Jaulin Le naturel politi que selon Aristote Prirodna politi ka prema Aristotelu 170 Refi k Güremen In What Sense Exactly Are Human Beings More Politi cal According to Aristotle? U kom smislu su tačno ljudska bića više politi čka prema Aristotelu? 182 Manuel Knoll Machiavellis realisti sches Menschenbild und seine Rechtf erti gung des Staats Makijavelijeva realisti čka slika ljudskog roda i njegovo opravdanje države THE COMMONS ZAJEDNIČKA DOBRA 205 Filippo Valguarnera Legal Ideology and the Commons: Why are Jurists Falling Behind? Pravna ideologija i zajednička dobra: zbog čega pravnici zaostaju? 219 Aleksandar Stojanović On the Blinding Clarity of Property Rights: Seven Fragments of Reducti onism in the Theory of Property O zaslepljujućoj jasnoći svojinskih prava: sedam fragmenata o redukcionizmu u teoriji svojine STUDIES AND ARTICLES STUDIJE I ČLANCI 241 Filip Čukljević The Problem of Cogniti ve Signifi cance – a Soluti on and a Criti que Problem saznajne vrednosti – jedno rešenje i jedna kriti ka 253 Aleksej Kišjuhas Reason without Feelings? Emoti ons in the History of Western Philosophy Razum bez osećanja? Emocije kroz istoriju zapadne fi lozofi je 275 Ivor Altaras Penda The European Nati onal Welfare States and the Dissoluti on of the EU Evropske nacionalne države blagostanja i raspad EU REVIEWS PRIKAZI 293 Dejan Petrović (Elizabeth S. Goodstein, Georg Simmel and the Disciplinary Imaginary, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2017.) SADRŽAJ CONTENTS 297 Janos Kun 1 2 (Anne3 Deneys-Tunney and Yves Charles4 Zarka (eds.), Rousseau Between Nature and Culture: Philosophy, Literature, and Politi cs, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2016.) 301 Marko Konjović (Julie L. Rose, Free Time, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2016.) 305 Jovica Pavlović (Margaret Moore, A Politi cal Theory of Territory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.) 308 Sanja Miluti nović Bojanić (Jelena Ćeriman, Irena Fiket i Kriszti na Rácz (ur.), Žongliranje između patrijarhata i prekarijata: usklađivanje porodičnih i profesionalnih obaveza akademskih radnica, IFDT i CELAP, Beograd, 2018.) 311 Submission Instructi ons Uputstvo za autore I EDITED BY ZORAN DIMIĆ HUMAN BEINGS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND POLITICS LJUDSKA BIĆA IZMEĐU ŽIVOTINJA I POLITIKE PREFACE This special edition is devoted to the theme “Human beings between animals and politics”. In the last few decades, scholarly attention has by and large focused on the specific tension between natural and moral aspects of human being. Some authors stressed the naturalness of the polis. Some of them were inclined to call Aristotle a “naturalist”. On the other hand, some authors stressed the importance of logos and moral aspects of human being. The authors here gathered relate in this way or another to the famous Aristot- le’s idea about the political nature of human being. The subjects of their research concern the specific role of the term “by nature” on the famous Aristotelian defini- tion of man, “the human being is political animal by nature”. Hence we could state that the main subject of their attention is so called “biological turn” in Aristotle’s understanding of human being. One of the articles within this special edition in- vestigates Machiavelli’s concept of nature and shows that, for him, the constancy of human nature is the central premise that makes the scientific analysis of poli- tics possible. In general, the aim of this special edition is to contribute to a more well-rounded understanding of this theme. Zoran Dimić UDK: 14 Aristoteles https://doi.org/10.2298/FID1802157J Original Scientific Article PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIETY Received: 11.01.2018. – Accepted: 22.03.2018. VOL. 29, NO. 2, 153–316 Annick Jaulin LE NATUREL POLITIQUE SELON ARISTOTE RÉSUMÉ MOTS CLEFS Quel est le sens de « nature » dans la célèbre formule aristotélicienne : animal politique, « l’humain est, par nature, un animal politique » ? Dans le cadre d’un Aristote, cité, débat avec les thèses du Socrate de la République, la référence à un constitution, loi, nature naturel politique signifie que la cité n’est pas l’effet d’un manque, mais l’expression d’un désir positif. Ainsi, il n’y a pas pour l’être humain un état de nature antérieur à l’existence politique. Ce qui ne signifie pas que tout ce qui est politique est naturel. La question de la nature dans la philosophie éthico-politique d’Aristote mérite un traitement spécifique. Le fait est qu’Aristote, au contraire de ce qui semble être le cas chez Platon1, affirme une différence de modalité entre le monde physique et le monde éthico-politique, fondant ainsi l’autonomie de ce dernier domaine. Sous cette perspective, Léo Strauss n’a pas tort d’affirmer qu’Aristote est le fondateur de la science politique2. Cette différence entre Aristote et Platon se marque dans le fait qu’Aristote établit une distinction entre la sagesse théorique (sophia) et la sagesse pratique (phronèsis) ; la sagesse théorique étudie ce qui ne peut être au- trement qu’il n’est (modalité de la nécessité ou de la régularité des lois physiques), alors que la sagesse pratique porte sur ce qui peut toujours être autre qu’il est (le domaine du possible où l’action des êtres humains peut modifier ce qui est) (Aris- tote, EN VI.3–4, 1139b14–1140a15). Ainsi, même si l’on parle de « lois » dans le cas de la nature et dans le cas des sociétés humaines, le terme n’a pas le même sens dans les deux cas : l’humain n’a pas fait les lois de la nature, même s’il peut les modifier, tandis qu’il est l’auteur des lois qui régissent les sociétés. Cette différence est banale, mais signifie-t-elle que les lois sociales ne comportent aucune composante naturelle et qu’elles sont pure- ment conventionnelles ? Cette question est déjà l’objet d’un débat dans l’Athènes du Ve avant notre ère, débat initié par certaines thèses sophistiques qui posent l’as- pect conventionnel de la loi3. 1 Comme le montrent le rapport entre la République et le Timée ou encore le livre X des Lois. 2 Strauss 1987: 33 : « Ce n’est ni Socrate ni Platon, mais Aristote qui est le fondateur vé- ritable de la science politique ». 3 Voir par exemple le discours de Calliclès dans le Gorgias de Platon. Annick Jaulin: Professeur Émérite (Philosophie), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR 7219 SPHÈRE; [email protected]. 158 │ Annick Jaulin LE NATUREL POLITIQUE SELON ARISTOTE Or, bien qu’il ait noté cette différence entre les lois de la nature et les lois poli- tiques, Aristote est souvent suspecté, par ceux des modernes qui suivent une pers- pective kantienne, de verser dans le naturalisme. À vrai dire ce trait naturaliste n’est pas propre à Aristote, car, pour Kant, toutes les morales antiques, qualifiées comme « eudémonistes » sont des morales naturalistes. Ce n’est pas sous cet as- pect général de l’eudémonisme que nous étudierons la question du naturel dans le domaine éthico-politique, ni même sous l’aspect où les anglo-saxons soupçonnent Aristote de ne pas connaître la différence humienne entre l’être et le devoir être, car ces deux aspects sont liés (comme le sont Hume et Kant) et concernent princi- palement la réception moderne de l’aristotélisme.
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