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Driving Down the Road Toll by Building a Safe System Professor Fred Wegman

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Driving Down the Road Toll by Building a Safe System Professor Fred Wegman Driving down the road toll by building a Safe System Professor Fred Wegman Adelaide Thinker in Residence 2011 - 2012 FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL Driving down the road toll by building a Safe System Prepared by Professor Fred Wegman Adelaide Thinker in Residence 2011–2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction 1. A new vision for road safety in South Australia 2. Create conditions for implementing a Safe System approach 3. Understanding the problems and measuring progress 4. Actions and measures 5. Cultural change 6. Implementation Department of the Premier and Cabinet C/O PO Box 2343 Adelaide SA 5001 June 2012 © All rights reserved - Crown - in right of the State of South Australia ISBN 978-0-9807470-8-9 www.thinkers.sa.gov.au FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL Premier’s Foreword Message from Jay Weatherill Road accidents devastate communities. They take the lives of parents, of children, of brothers and sisters and friends, leaving behind heartache and broken lives. Road safety initiatives are part of this Government’s commitment to maintaining safe communities. Drivers, passengers, pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists – all road users – are at the centre of the work we are doing to reduce the trauma on our roads. South Australia has made some significant improvements in road safety over the past few decades. But there is more work to be done and more decisions to be taken in our road safety strategies as we tackle this ever-present issue. That is why we invited Professor Fred Wegman to Adelaide as a Thinker in Residence. Professor Wegman is recognised as one of the world’s leading experts on road safety and his home country, the Netherlands, is one of the world leaders in road safety. As part of his residency, Professor Wegman has already contributed significantly to our State’s Road Safety Strategy, Towards Zero Together. The strategy sets bold targets for achieving fewer deaths and serious injuries on our roads. The key to future improvement will be to adopt a safe system approach. This approach acknowledges that people make mistakes and poor choices on our road system, but that no death or serious injury is acceptable or inevitable, regardless of the circumstances. Professor Wegman provides an honest appraisal in his final report. He sets ambitious targets for South Australia and provides a comprehensive list of recommendations that will guide road safety in this State for many years to come. He speaks about the need for a cultural change and the rejection of old stereotypes. This is something for which we all have to take responsibility - not just those involved in crashes or those who build and maintain the roads. I encourage you to read Professor Wegman’s report and his recommendations. It will be an invaluable resource for future road safety initiatives in South Australia. The Hon. Jay Weatherill Premier of South Australia 2 FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL PROFESSOR FRED WEGMAN Professor Fred Wegman Professor Fred Wegman is recognised as one of the world’s leading experts on road safety. Managing director of the SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research in the Netherlands from 1999–2009, Professor Wegman was the research director there for ten years prior to that, and a researcher before that. Founded in 1962, SWOV became one of the most respected research institutes on road safety in the world. SWOV’s mission is to improve road safety by developing and applying the results of scientific research. Professor Wegman has been a part-time professor of traffic safety at the Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, since 2009. His academic work concentrates on developing a better understanding about why road crashes occur and how best to prevent them. The Netherlands has managed to reduce the number of road crash fatalities by 80 per cent in the last four decades, while the number of kilometres travelled has tripled during the same period. The Netherlands is one of the best performing countries in the world in traffic safety with a mortality rate (fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants) 50 per cent lower than in South Australia. Professor Wegman develops strategies to reach aspirational targets based on new visions for improving road safety. These visions started in the Netherlands with Sustainable Safety in the early 1990s, followed by Sweden’s Vision Zero — both of which were recently featured in an Organisation for Economic and Cooperation and Development (OECD) report on the Safe System Approach (OECD/ITF, 2008). A member of a wide range of advisory boards, Professor Wegman is the chair of the IRTAD Group. IRTAD is the International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group. Working under the umbrella of the OECD/International Transport Forum, IRTAD operates a high-quality database on road safety, acts as a network for its members, and publishes research reports regularly. Its Annual Report (e.g. OECD/ITF, 2011a) describes (recent) road safety developments in its member states. Professor Wegman’s current interests include improving road safety worldwide. The world is facing a road toll of catastrophic proportions with around 1.3 million people killed every year in traffic crashes, with a further 20–50 million people injured. It is expected that these numbers will increase if nothing is done. Around two million fatalities can be expected in 2020 according to the World Bank and the World Health Organization. Highly motorised countries, such as Australia and the European countries, may expect a further reduction in traffic casualties through implementing effective road safety policies, but further increases in the number of people killed and injured are expected in low and middle-income countries. Partners in the residency: UÊÊ i«>ÀÌiÌÊvÊ*>}]Ê/À>ëÀÌÊ>`Ê UÊÊ,Þ>ÊÕÌLiÊÃÃV>ÌÊ­,® Infrastructure (DPTI) UÊÊ1ÛiÀÃÌÞÊvÊ`i>`iÊqÊ iÌÀiÊvÀÊÊÊ UÊÊÌÀÊVV`iÌÊ ÃÃÊ­ ® Automotive Safety Research (CASR) UÊÊ-ÕÌ ÊÕÃÌÀ>>Ê*ViÊ­-*"® UÊÊ`iÀÃÊ1ÛiÀÃÌÞÊqÊ,iÃi>ÀV Ê iÌÀiÊ UÊÊ i«>ÀÌiÌÊvÀÊ `ÕV>ÌÊ>`Ê `Ê iÛi«iÌ for Injury Studies UÊÊ-Êi>Ì UÊÊ1ÛiÀÃÌÞÊvÊ-ÕÌ ÊÕÃÌÀ>>ÊqÊ UÊÊ ÌÞÊvÊ1iÞ Transport Systems Centre (TSC). Senior Catalyst: Jeremy Woolley, Senior Research Fellow, CASR Catalyst: Hermann Rademeyer, Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL 3 We must provide people with the surroundings in which the chance of human error is limited. 4 FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction We must provide people with surroundings in which the chance of human error is limited Much has been done to improve road safety in South Australia. Traditional stakeholders such as the police, road authorities and insurance agencies have invested considerable resources into tackling road safety problems and South Australia has good capability via the internationally recognised Centre for Automotive Safety Research (CASR). While the Safe System concept has been present in Australia for many years, its implementation still proves a challenge to everyone involved in road safety. This report discusses the findings of my residency and contains recommendations that will improve and build upon South Australia’s existing strong road safety base. Implementation of these recommendations will help move the State a step closer towards the adoption of Safe System principles and ultimately a greater reduction in deaths and injuries on our roads. A new vision for road safety in South Australia South Australia has made good progress in road safety over the past few decades through improvements to roads, safer vehicle design and efforts to improve road user behaviour. Although all are elements in the Safe System model, integrating the approach has not been truly successful. As the decline in deaths and injuries on South Australia’s roads levels out, more needs to be done. Road crashes are a tragedy for many families and communities and cost South Australia billions of dollars a year. Good investment in road safety is cost beneficial; preventing crashes and investing in prevention is cheaper for South Australia than the cost of road crashes. It is my experience that many South Australians believe that the road safety problem is related to extreme behaviours: high levels of speeding or drink driving or illegal behaviour. While such behaviours are a problem requiring continued action, the majority of crashes occur to ordinary people making ordinary mistakes on the road network. From my review of road safety in South Australia, I endorse the ongoing adoption of the Safe System approach adopted by many leading road safety countries, including the Netherlands. This approach starts from the understanding that road crashes resulting in death and injury are to a large extent predictable and preventable. FRED WEGMAN : DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD TOLL 5 The Safe System approach is characterised by the following: ÊUÊÊ>ÊÌÀ>vwVÊÃÞÃÌiÊÜÌ ÊVÃ`iÀ>LÞÊÜiÀÊV>ÃÕ>ÌÞÊiÛiÃ]ÊvÊÌÊâiÀ]ÊvÀÊÌ iÊiÝÌÊ generation ÊUÊÊ>Ê«À>VÌÛiÊ>««À>V ÊÕÃ}ÊÕÀÊ}ÀÜ}ÊÜi`}iÊ>`ÊÕ`iÀÃÌ>`}ÊvÊÀ>`Ê crashes Ê UÊ Ìi}À>ÌÊvÊ«i«i]ÊÛi ViÃÊ>`ÊÀ>`ÃÊÌÊiÊ->viÊ-ÞÃÌi ÊUÊÊ>``ÀiÃÃ}ÊÌ iÊÜ iÊiÌÜÀÊpÊ>ÊÛi ViÃÊ>`Ê>ÊÀ>`ÊÕÃiÀÃÊpÊÃÌi>`ÊvÊÞÊ high risk groups and high risk locations Ê UÊ Ìi}À>ÌÊvÊÀ>`ÊÃ>viÌÞÊÜÌ ÊÌ iÀÊ«VÞÊ>Ài>Ã Ê UÊ >VV`>Ì}Ê Õ>ÊV>«>VÌiÃÊ>`ÊÌ>ÌÃÊ ÊUÊÊÕ`iÀÃÌ>`}ÊÌ >ÌÊÌ iÊ«ÀiÛiÌÊvÊVÀ>à iÃÊÃÊÌÊÜ ÞÊ`i«i`iÌÊÊÀ>`Ê user mistake or error ÊUÊÊL>Ãi`ÊÊÌ iÊ>ÃÃÕ«ÌÊÌ >ÌÊÀ>`ÊVÀ>à iÃÊ>ÀiÊÌÊ>Ê>À}iÊiÝÌiÌÊ«ÀiÛiÌ>Li]Ê begin with interventions which are the most effective and cost-efficient. I have identified three main tasks to explore these characteristics and adapt them to South Australian conditions. The first (establish a Taskforce) is the main recommendation of the residency: this Taskforce should create and define the conditions for a successful Safe System approach.
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