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Records of Three New Freshwater Fishes from the Fiji Islands!

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Records of Three New Freshwater Fishes from the Fiji Islands! Pacific Science (1981), vol. 35, no. 1 © 1981 by The University Press of Hawaii. All rights reserved Records of Three New Freshwater Fishes from the Fiji Islands! P. A. RYAN2 ABSTRACT: Three freshwater fish species new to the Fiji Islands are re­ corded. These species are Coelonotus argulus Peters (Syngna thidae), Doryichthys retzi (Bleeker) (Syngnathidae), and Butis butis (H amilton­ Buchanan)(Eleotrida e). THE FIJI ISLANDS have been visited on a anaesthet ic and the appearan ce of anaes the­ number of occasion s by overseas collecting tized specimens was totally unexpected. Eight expeditions. In the main, these exp editions specimens were collected during one visit in have concerned themselves with the botany May 1979 and preserved in 70 percent of the islands or concentrated on the myriad alcohol. marine forms to be found on the reef. Few Both species of pipefish were collected of these visitors gave the brack ish and fresh from th e Wainibau Creek, a sma ll stream on waters of Fiji mo re than-a-cursory exami­ the east coast of Taveuni, about I km south . ---- nation. It is not surprising, therefore, that of Lavena village on II September 1979. literature on species from these environ­ While it was expected that pipefish would be ments is often scattered. Whitley (1927) pub­ found in this area, none were seen until lished a checklist of Fiji fish and included a stream vegetation was beaten with a net. number of fluviatile forms in it. Herre (1935) Nine specimens of Doryichthys retzi and one increase d the list with species collected of Coelonotus argulus were taken here and during the Crane Pacific Expedition, and pre served in alcohol. Interestingly, the La­ Fowler (1959) collated mo st of the then vena villagers were not familiar with the se known information on the various species in fish. Sub sequently, normal morphometric his book. However, until now there have been measurements were made and the fish were no checklists of the brackish and freshwater identified, mainly through the use of keys fish specifically. This lack of information given by Munro (1967). prompted a survey in 1979 (Ryan 1980) during which the three new records reported here were found. NEW RECORDS METHODS ORDER SYNGNATHIFORMES Butis butis were collected from brackish and freshwater areas of Naik orokoro Creek, FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE a small stream abo ut 16 km Southwest of Suva, Viti Levu, by using the an aesthetic Coelonotus argulus Pete rs quinaldine in quiet pools. At no stage were Butis butis seen before treatment with the COLLECTION SITE: Wainibau Creek, Lave- na , Taveuni (16°52'15 " S, 179°53'40 " W). NUMBER OFSPECIM ENS: One. STANDARD LENGTH: 114 mm. 1 This work was funded by a School of Nat ural HEAD AN D TRUN K LENGTH: 43 mm . Resources Research Grant. Manuscript accepted 12 FIN RAYCOUNT: Dorsal 49; anal 3; pec­ August 1980. 2 University of the South Pacific, School of Natural toral 16; caudal 9. Resources, Post Office Box 1168, Suva, Fiji. BODY RINGS: Trunk 16; tail 38. 93 94 PACI FIC SCIENCE, Volume 35, January 1981 REMARKS: The single specimen collected HEAD (in SL): 2.7-3.0. conformed closely to the species definition EYE (in HL): 5.4- 8.1. given by Duncker (Herre 1935). The only ob viou s difference between th is specimen INT ERORBITAL (in HL): 1.25-2.1. and the characters given by Duncker is the presence of three rays in the anal fin instead REMARKS: The population investigated at of four. However, in other species of Syn­ Naikorokoro followed the definition given gnathidae, there may be either three or four by Munro (1967). Th ere were minor differ­ rays, so this difference is probably not signif­ ences; a number of fish had 29 instead of 30 icant. scales in a lateral-line scale count, five fish exceeded the range given for the eye, four exceeded the range given for the interorbital. Doryichthys retzi (Bleeker) ragged tail pipe­ Color patterns were similar to those given, fish except two white spots are present at the COLLECTION SITE: Wainibau Creek, Lave­ base of the pectoral fin instead of a double na, Taveuni (16°52' 15" S, 179°53'40" W). black spot. These differences are minor and ar e likely to be characteristic of a localized NUMBER OF SPECIM ENS: Nine. population. Behavior al patterns are rarely used in fi ~ STAND ARD LENGTH: 53- 88 mm. taxonomy, but it is worthy of note that But is FIN RAY COUN T: Dorsal 34-35; anal 3-4; butis is abl e to control its position in the pectoral 16-19; caudal 9. water column with a facility seen in few other fish. This species is likely to swim BODY RI NGS: Trunk 16; tail 30-31. upside do wn or scull slowly aro und in a RINGS WITH DORSAL ATTA CHMENT: Trunk head up or down po sition. Thi s feature im­ 1-2; tail 7- 8. mediately separates it from any other fresh­ water or brackish-wat er Fiji fish I have en­ REM ARKS : All specimens collected con­ countered. formed closely to the description in Munro (1967), although all possessed close to the maximum number of tail ring s (31) and close to the minimum number of dorsal rays (34). DISCUSSION The fluviatile species listed in works on ORDER PER CIFORMES Fiji are rarely endemic, mo st of them having an almost pan-Tropical distribution (but ex­ FAMILY ELEOTRIDAE cluding the Americas). It is likely th at a species listed from islands to both the west Butis butis (Hamilto n-Buchana n) crimson­ and east of Fiji will be found here. Coelono­ tippedflathead gudgeon tus argulus falls int o this category, being listed from the Indo-Australian Archipelago COLLECTION SITE: Naikorokoro Creek, Viti (Flores) by Weber and Beaufort (Herre Levu (18°06'50" S, 178°19'25" E). 1935) and from the Marquesas by Herre NU MBER OF SPECIM ENS: Eight. (1935). Doryichthys retzi is found in the Solomon Islands (Gray 1974) and as far east STAND ARD LENGTH : 20.3- 69.3 mm . as Western Samoa (Schultz 1943), but like C. argulus it ha s not been reported previou s­ FIN RAY COUNT: Dorsal VI; 1,8; anal 1,8; pectoral 18. ly from Fiji except by Bruce Carlson, who reports one specimen in an unpublished . LATERAL-LINE SCALE COUN T: 29-30. checklist. Butis butis is known from Queens­ land (G rant 1978) and from the Solomon HORIZONTAL SCALE ROWS: 10. Islands (Gray 1974) but not from islands DEPTH (in SL): 5.7-7.4. further east (Fowler 1928). The presence of Thre e New Freshwater Fishes from Fiji-RYAN 95 the two pipefish in Fiji does not come as a GRANT, E. M . 1978. Guide to fishes. Depart­ great surprise, but the discovery of B. butis is ment of Harbours and Marine, Brisbane, interesting and may represent a recent exten­ Queensland. 768 pp . sion of its previous range. It would be GRAY, W. N . 1974. The fishes of the Solo­ worthwhile to investigate streams in Tonga mon Islands. Part I: The fresh and brack­ and Western Samoa. Further investigations ish water fishes on Guadalcanal. Solo­ in the Fiji group are underway and more mon Islands Museum Association. 45 pp. new records are likely. H ERRE, A. W. 1935. New species obtained by the Crane Pacific Expedition. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. 335, Zool. Ser. 18(12) :383-438. ACKNOWLEDGM ENTS M UNRO, I. S. R . 1967. The fishes of New I would like to thank D . Hassall for his Guinea. Department of Agriculture, Stock convivial company on the field trip to Ta­ and Fisheries, Port Moresby, New Guinea, veuni and Patricia Morse for her help in 650 pp. getting this survey started. J. S. Ryland crit­ RYAN, P. A. 1980. A checklist of the brack­ ically read the manuscript for which I give ish and freshwater fish of Fiji . S. Pac. J. my thanks. Nat. Sci. 1: 58-73. SCH ULTZ, L. P. 1943. Fishes of the Phoenix and Samoan - islands collected in 1939 LITERATURE CITED during the expedition of the U.S.S. " Bush­ nell." Bull. U .S. Nat. Mus. 180 : 1-316 pp . FOWLER, H . W. 1928. The fishes of Oceania: WHITLEY, G . P. 1927. A checklist of fishes B. P. Bishop Mus. Mem. 10. recorded from Fijian waters. Pan-Pac. --- . 1959. Fishes of Fiji . Government of Res. Inst. J. 2(1) :3-8. Fiji, Suva. 670 pp..
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