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Home , Benjamin Edes, Common sense, Dorchester Heights, John Montresor, Provincial Congress, Samuel Adams (Loyalist)

catalogue two hundred ninety The 1765–1783

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is made up entirely of material new to our stock relating to the American Revolution. It covers the rising conflict beginning in 1765 up to the final peace treaties of 1783, but also includes a number of important historical works about the war published into the late 19th century. Particularly notable is an extensive selection of political pamphlets from both sides before and during the war, a number of extremely rare broadsides, and significant manuscript material from key figures beginning with . Also present are a number of important military narratives such as that of , and some significant atlases and maps.

Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 281, Americana in Print- ing and the Mind of Man; 282, Recent Acquisitions in Americana; 283, American Presidents; 284, Latin American Independence; 285, The English Colonies in 1590-1763; 287, Western Americana; and 288, The Ordeal of the Union as well as Bulletin 21, American Cartography; Bulletin 22, Evidence; Bulletin 24, Provenance and many more topical lists.

Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the Internet at www.reeseco.com. A portion of our stock may be viewed via links at www. reeseco.com. If you would like to receive e-mail notification when catalogues and lists are uploaded, please e-mail us at [email protected] or send us a fax, specifying whether you would like to receive the notifications in lieu of or in addition to paper catalogues.

Terms Material herein is offered subject to prior sale. All items are as described and are con- sidered to be on approval. Notice of return must be given within ten days unless specific arrangements are made. Connecticut residents must be billed state sales tax. Postage and insurance charges are billed to all nonprepaid domestic orders. Overseas orders are sent by air unless otherwise requested, with full postage charges billed at our discretion. Payment by check, wire transfer or bank draft is preferred, but may also be made by MasterCard or Visa.

William Reese Company Phone: (203) 789-8081 409 Temple Street Fax: (203) 865-7653 New Haven, CT 06511 E-mail: [email protected] www.williamreesecompany.com

Front cover: 152. Stevens, : B.F. Stevens’s Facsimiles.... [. 1889-98].

Rear cover: 141. [Stamp Act]: The Pennsylvania Journal.... . Oct. 31, 1765. A Forged Address Attributed to Samuel Adams

1. [Adams, Samuel]: AN ORATION DELIVERED AT THE STATE- HOUSE, IN PHILADELPHIA, TO A VERY NUMEROUS AUDI- ENCE; ON THURSDAY THE 1st OF AUGUST, 1776.... Philadelphia Printed; London, Re-printed for E. Johnson, 1776. [2],42pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. A few light fox marks; faint stain in gutter of first text page. Closed tear in one leaf, not affecting text. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A curious, and spurious, Revolutionary pamphlet, allegedly printing an oration by Samuel Adams, which was not written by him, and which was never published in Philadelphia. This text was issued in the wake of the American Declaration of Independence, and whoever the author was, he was well-versed in revolutionary . Howes calls it “a London forgery designed to show that the colonies were bent on independence.” “It extols the merits of the newly independent colonies, but overtones suggest that it was actually written in ” – Adams. A Dublin edition followed the same year. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-106a. HOWES A72. SABIN 344. $4000.

Sam Adams Authorizes an Expedition Against British Privateers

2. Adams, Samuel: [LETTER, SIGNED, FROM SAMUEL ADAMS TO GOVERNOR OF CONNECTICUT REGARDING MATTERS OF THE AND BRITISH PRIVATEERS IN LONG ISLAND SOUND]. Philadelphia. Feb. 10, 1779. [1]p. plus integral blank leaf, docketed on verso. Folio. Old fold lines; some minor loss at folds, minutely affecting text. Expertly backed with tissue. Minor soiling. About very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case.

A letter from Samuel Adams, signer of the Declaration of Independence and member of the , to Gov. Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut, authoriz- ing the use of the ship, Confederacy, in his proposed attack on British privateers at Huntington Harbor, Long Island. The letter, written in a secretarial hand, is signed by Samuel Adams as chairman of the Marine Committee. The letter reads:

By an express from the Navy Board of the Eastern Department the Marine Committee had the honor of receiving your letter to them of the 22nd January respecting the enemys armed vessels in the western sound, and the probability of taking or destroying them by joining the force of the Confederacy to the two state ships. They were very anxious of adding the Confederacy to the number of those ships destined for another service; but the object you have in view is so very desirable, and the accomplishment of it, from your representation attended with so little danger or delay, that they have fallen into the measure and consented to join the Confederacy to the state ships. You suppose a few days will be sufficient to answer the ends you have in view, and it is under the state of the case, that I am by the direction of the Committee to inform your Excellency that Captain Harding will receive orders to obey you, and to take your directions for the of his conduct in the proposed expedition, but not to exceed ten days after the sailing of the ship from New London in the said expedition, tho should service be performed in a shorter time, the Captain must proceed to sea with the utmost dispatch agreeable to our instruction.

The authorization, however, was premature, as the Confederacy was not yet prepared to sail. Despite the ship’s completion three months prior to this letter, she was not yet fully crewed or provisioned and would not set sail until May 1st, when she would set out to patrol the Atlantic seaboard in company with the ship, , commanded by Captain Samuel Tucker. An interesting letter on the burgeoning American navy, illustrating the prob- lems of Loyalist privateers, signed by a signer of the Declaration of Independence. $12,000.

One of the Rarest of All Revolutionary War Narratives

3. Allen, Ethan: A NARRATIVE OF ETHAN ALLEN’S CAPTIVITY, FROM THE TIME OF HIS BEING TAKEN BY THE BRITISH...TO THE TIME OF HIS EXCHANGE...CON- TAINING, HIS VOYAGES AND TRAVELS...INTERSPERSED WITH SOME POLITICAL OBSERVATIONS. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF AND NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE CURIOUS IN ALL NATIONS. Philadelphia: printed, Bos- ton: Re-printed: by Draper and Folsom, 1779. 40pp. Early 20th-century blue morocco by Macdonald, gilt inner dentelles, raised bands, spine gilt, a.e.g. Lightly edgeworn, raised bands rubbed. Stained and tanned. Trimmed close, costing several catchwords and occasionally shaving a running headline, page number, or letter of text. Overall, good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

The excessively rare second edition of Ethan Allen’s Revolutionary War captivity narrative. Four editions were printed in 1779, all of which are extremely rare. The Philadelphia edition printed by Bell is designated by Evans as the first edition, and this Boston printing is called the second edition. We have never seen a copy of the Bell edition offered for sale, and the North American Imprints Project locates only two copies of that edition – it is so rare as to be virtually unobtainable. This is only the second copy of the Boston edition that we have ever seen offered for sale. As leader of the , Ethan Allen played a crucial role in the attack on , and proved to be a constant source of difficulty to the British in the northeast. He was captured in September 1775 while leading a group of New Englanders and Quebecois in an attack on Montreal, and suffered two years of brutal captivity in British prisons, aboard prison ships, and in the City jail. Allen was finally exchanged for a British prisoner and wrote this account of his ordeal, excoriating the British for their cruelty and calling on Americans to forsake any thought of compromise in the revolutionary cause. Allen’s narrative was very popular “and is rated second among best-selling books of the revolutionary period after ’s ” (ANB). It was reprinted several times in the following decades. The great 19th-century Americana collector, George Brinley, possessed three copies of this Boston edition, all of which were sold at the auction of his collection some 120 years ago. All three of those copies, however, were defective in some way, and the catalogue description still referred to this Boston printing as being “excessively rare.” Neither Thomas W. Streeter, E.D. Church, or Herschel Jones, three of the greatest Americana collectors of the 20th century, were able to obtain any 1779 edition of Allen’s narrative. The ever-bold Charles Heartman offered a copy of this Boston edition in 1930 (at the onset of the Depression) for $975. Very rare, and an essential Revolutionary War narrative. HOWES A136, “b.” GILMAN, p.5. SABIN 793. EVANS 16181. NAIP w013736. ANB I, pp.309- 10. $35,000. 4. [Almon, John]: A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES JENKINSON. London. 1781. [3]-51,[1]pp. Quarto. 20th- century blue morocco, gilt, by Sangorski & Sutcliffe. Light wear to extremities. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good. Lacks the half title.

Third edition. A criticism of the British government, with extensive references to the failures in America, attributed to John Almon. “A trenchant exposure of the evil influence of Jenkinson upon the and the administration of the fleets and armies in America, being a scorching historical and critical review of the mal- administration of political and military arrangements from the to the surrender of Cornwallis, and interesting personal gossip respecting Burgoyne, Howe, Clinton, Franklin, Washington, Young, Lawrence, etc., especially in New York and the South” – Sabin. Only a handful of copies are listed in ESTC. ESTC N2510. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-1c. SABIN 40520. $1000.

Merchants of New York Protest Unfair Taxes, 1765

5. [American Commerce]: []: THE MEMORIAL OF THE MERCHANTS OF THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, IN THE COL- ONY OF NEW-YORK, IN AMERICA; TO THE HONOURABLE THE KNIGHTS, CITIZENS, AND BURGESSES, IN PARLIA- MENT ASSEMBLED. READ IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF SAID COLONY, THE 20th OF APRIL, 1764. New York: Hugh Gaine, 1765. 14pp. 20th-century full blue morocco, gilt. Minor soiling on titlepage. Corners neatly repaired. Quite clean internally. Very good.

A petition by the merchants of New York concerning unfair rules and levies imposed upon their trading. The anonymous author is primarily concerned with the effects on trade in the British West Indies. The memorialists write that through “labour and industry” the inhabitants of New York have overcome the “rude and savage wilderness” of their land and succeeded in “several branches of commerce.” The Sugar Act of 1764 implemented stricter taxation on American merchants, while their trading counterparts in the West Indies flourished. ESTC records two copies in the United Kingdom, and only five copies in North America: Huntington, New York-Historical, New York Public, Newberry, and . Scarce. EVANS 10101. ESTC W29901. SABIN 54381. $4500.

Important Step on the Revolutionary Road

6. [American Revolution]: THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE FREEHOLDERS AND OTHER INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, IN TOWN MEETING ASSEMBLED.... Boston. [1772]. iv,43pp. Modern blue paper wrappers. Contemporary owner- ship inscription on titlepage. Light toning and soiling. About very good. In a cloth clamshell case, title in gilt.

A seminal pamphlet of the gathering storm of revolution. A committee, consist- ing of Joseph Warren, James Otis, Samuel Adams, Josiah Quincy, and Benjamin Church, met at on Nov. 20, 1772, presided over by . The “Statement of the Rights of the Colonies” was prepared by Sam Adams, the “Several Violations of those Rights” by Joseph Warren, and Benjamin Church drafted the letter to the other towns. The letter was sent out to the towns, and in one month forty-five of the 250 in the province endorsed it; a week later the number had climbed to eighty. The pamphlet also includes a call for the establishment of Committees of Correspondence. SABIN 6568. EVANS 12332. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 87a. $4750.

7. [American Revolution]: A LETTER TO A MEMBER OF PARLIA- MENT ON THE PRESENT UNHAPPY DISPUTE BETWEEN GREAT-BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES. WHEREIN THE SU- PREMACY OF THE FORMER IS ASSERTED AND PROVED.... London: J. Walter, 1774. [2],47pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light foxing. About very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

A British political pamphlet championing the supremacy of Parliament. Asserting the inextricable bond between and her colonies, the author defends colonial taxation on the premise that “If, then, the Colonies and Mother Country are the same Tribe or Nation of People...both must be governed by the same Supreme Authority; both acknowledge one Executive Power in the King, and one Legislative Power in the British Parliament.” HOWES L282. SABIN 40402. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-49. $1250.

The Printer of the Declaration Prints the Latest News from London in the Spring of 1776

8. [American Revolution]: THE ADDRESS OF THE LORDS AND COMMONS TO HIS MAJESTY, ON THE PRESENT STATE OF AMERICA, &c. [caption title]. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [April 1776]. Broadside, 10½ x 8½ inches. Some faint offsetting and light foxing. Very good plus. In a grey cloth folder.

This broadside prints extracts from the London Gazette of February 11, 1775, in- cluding the address from Parliament to King George III, in which Parliament finds that the province of Massachusetts Bay is in outright rebellion against the Crown and makes provision for the immediate dispatch of soldiers to the colonies to quell the rebellion. The text reads, in part:

...we find that a part of your Majesty’s subjects, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, have proceeded so far to resist the authority of the Supreme Legislature, that a rebellion at this time actually exists within the said province; and we see with the utmost concern, that they have been countenanced and encouraged by unlawful combinations and engagements, entered into by your Majesty’s subjects in several other colonies, to the injury and oppression of many of their innocent fellow subjects, resident within the , and the rest of your Majesty’s domains. This conduct, on their part, appears to us the more inexcusable, when we consider with how much temper your Majesty and the two Houses of Parliament, have acted in support of the laws and constitution of Great-Britain. We can never so far desert the trust reposed in us, as to relinquish any part of the sovereign authority over all your Majesty’s domin- ions...And the conduct of many persons in several of the colonies, during the late disturbances, is alone sufficient to convince us how necessary this power is for the protection of the lives and fortunes of all your Majesty’s subjects.

The address continues, stating that Parliament is always willing to address real grievances by British subjects, but cannot support the flouting of authority, and asks that the King do all in his power to “enforce due obedience to the laws and authority” of the country. Further advices in the second column of text lay out the Parliamentary events leading up to this decision, and note that Generals Howe and Clinton are preparing to leave for America. Reinforcements are called for in Boston, and “Orders are given for all the ships which are destined for America and Newfoundland, to take on board their full compliment of seamen and soldiers immediately.” As one of the leading printers in Philadelphia, John Dunlap produced numer- ous pieces both for the Continental Congress and the state of Pennsylvania, whose capital was then Philadelphia. He is one of the most prominent figures in printed material from the Revolution. He is most noted for being the printer of the first broadside printing of the Declaration of Independence. An important broadside, printing news of the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Given the time it took to cross the Atlantic, this was probably printed in April 1776. Only four copies are recorded by ESTC, at the American Antiquarian , New-York Historical Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Library Company of Philadelphia. ESTC W6492. EVANS 14075. HILDEBURN 3150. $12,500.

Commander of the Early American Navy

9. [American Revolution]: [Hopkins, Esek]: COMMODORE HOP- KINS, COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE AMERICAN FLEET [caption title]. London. 1776. Mezzotint engraving, 14 x 9¼ inches; mounted and framed to 21 x 16½ inches. Trimmed to edge of image, mounted and matted. Quite clean. Very good.

Engraved three-quarter length portrait of Commodore , showing him in his Continental uniform with one hand upraised and pointing forward, while he looks off to the left; several ships sail behind him, and a banner that has the and “An Appeal to God” is above his outstretched hand. Esek Hopkins was the commander of the fledgling American Navy – comprised of eight merchant ships outfitted for war – during the American Revolution. After several run-ins with Congress over not following orders, and a signed petition of complaint from his officers, Hopkins was suspended in early 1777 and then summarily dismissed in January 1778. “His mediocre record of command, added to his political inept- ness, made dismissal inevitable” – ANB. This print is one in a series of portraits of officers in the American Revolution, the intent of which was obviously to glorify the Americans and demonize the British. The British Museum Catalogue notes that several of the likenesses were imaginary, and the imprint lines may have been fictitious. BM CATALOGUE OF PRINTS 5336. ANB (online). $2850.

10. [American Revolution]: THE HONOR OF PARLIAMENT AND THE JUSTICE OF THE NATION VINDICATED. IN A REPLY TO DR. PRICE’S OBSERVATIONS ON THE OF CIVIL LIBERTY. London: Printed for W. Davis, 1776. [2],64pp. Dbd. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

First and only edition. Thundering anonymous reply to Dr. Price’s well-known work, and all against the American colonists: “The Doctor’s plea, That the Americans are fighting for liberty, and the defence of their property, is not likely to inspire the sons of rebellion with more true courage than may be expected from Britons....” “The defender exclaims without mercy against the Americans, and is sarcastic on Dr. Price’s profession as a preacher” – Sabin. The NUC locates thirteen copies of this scarce work. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-65. SABIN 32790. $1000.

Preparing For the British Assault, December 1776

11. [American Revolution]: IN COUNCIL OF SAFETY, PHILADEL- PHIA, DECEMBER 7, 1776. WHEREAS THE SAFETY AND SE- CURITY OF EVERY STATE DEPENDS ON THE VIRTUOUS EXERTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS IN ITS DEFENCE; AND AS SUCH EXERTIONS CAN NEVER BE MORE REASONABLE AND NECESSARY THAN WHEN A PEOPLE ARE WANTONLY INVADED BY A POWERFUL ARMY, FOR THE AVOWED PUR- POSE OF ENSLAVING THEM; WHICH IS AT PRESENT THE UNHAPPY SITUATION OF OUR NEIGHBORING STATE, AND WHICH MAY BE HOURLY EXPECTED IN THIS.... [Philadelphia: John Dunlap, Dec. 7, 1776]. Broadside, 9½ x 7¼ inches. Old folds. Lightly tanned. Near fine. In a half morocco folding case.

A rare and urgent Revolutionary broadside, issued in the wake of the British capture of Manhattan, and as they were marching through toward Pennsylvania. This broadside was published by the Pennsylvania Council of Safety, and gives an immediate sense of the great danger felt in that state over the approach of the . The British took control of New York in mid-October, and captured Fort Washington a month later. Cornwallis took Newark on November 28, and pursued Washington’s army to New Brunswick. It was not until December 7, the date of this broadside, that Washington moved his forces across the River. Philadelphia, the home of the Continental Congress and the biggest prize yet to fall, was certainly in the British sights. The text calls on every able-bodied man to take up arms in defense of his state, though an exception is made for those with faith-based objections, such as Quakers: “No excuse ought to be admitted or deemed sufficient against marching with the Militia at this Time, except Sickness, Infirmity of Body, Age, religious Scruples, or an absolute Order from the Authority of this State.” A harsh judgement is rendered for anyone who is otherwise unwilling or unable to defend Philadelphia and Pennsylvania:

...it is the opinion of this Board, that every Person who is so void of Honor, Virtue, and Love of his Country, as to refuse his Assistance at this Time of imminent public Danger, may justly be suspected of Designs inimical to the Freedom of America. — And where such Designs are very apparent from the Conduct of particular persons, such Persons ought to be confined during the Absence of the Militia.

Despite the exceptions allowed for in this broadside, Quakers in Pennsylvania and elsewhere were in fact persecuted for refusing to take up arms in defense of the American cause, most notably in the case of the “Virginia exiles,” a group of eighteen Pennsylvania Quakers who were interned in Virginia in 1777-78. General Howe began planning operations against Philadelphia in early 1777, taking the city in September of that year and holding it under British control until the following June. NAIP locates only a single copy of this broadside, at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The American Antiquarian Society has a photostatic facsimile of this copy. Rare, and with an urgent call to arms in defense of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. BRISTOL B4333. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43132. NAIP w011824. $18,500.

Debating the Revolution in Parliament, 1776

12. [American Revolution]: THE PARLIAMENTARY REGISTER; OR, HISTORY OF THE PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS; CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MOST INTERESTING SPEECHES AND MOTIONS... VOL. IV. London. 1776. [2],136pp. Dbd., with remnants of original spine present. Some light soiling and foxing. Good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

Volume IV of Almon’s Parliamentary Register, published by him from 1775 to 1780. This volume contains important political information regarding the American Revolu- tion, including a motion to put America on the same political footing as Ireland, as a means to restore peace there. It also includes some discussion of General Howe’s being given the authority to treat for peace with the colonies. Most of the debates revolve around the American question, and the volume closes with the King’s Address of May 23, 1776, in which he states: “We are engaged in a great national cause...I am convinced you will not think any price too high....” The volumes – number- ing seventeen in all – were edited and published by John Almon, the pre-eminent British printer of political material of his day, and he received assistance from the members of the Commons, who supplied him with copies of their speeches (some of which were no doubt altered for posterity). It should be remembered that there was no regular authorized system of reporting Parliamentary debates at this time or for many decades to come, and that the collection and organizing of this publication was undertaken entirely by Almon. An important source for the American Revolution. $2500.

Seizing Goods from Loyalists and Appealing to Patriots for the Troops at : The Only Known Copy

13. [American Revolution]: [Valley Forge]: IN COUNCIL OF SAFETY. LANCASTER, NOVEMBER 8, 1777. ORDERED, THAT...BE AU- THORISED AND REQUIRED TO COLLECT WITHOUT DE- LAY FROM SUCH OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE COUNTY OF...AS HAVE NOT TAKEN THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE AND ABJURATION, OR WHO HAVE AIDED OR ASSISTED THE ENEMY, AND FROM SUCH WELL-AFFECTED PER- SONS AS MAY BE ABLE TO SPARE THEM, ARMS AND AC- COUTREMENTS...FOR THE ARMY.... Lancaster: Printed by Francis Bailey, [1777]. Broadside, 13 x 8¼ inches. Old folds. Small separation at center cross-fold. Old 2½ x 2-inch stain in center. Very good. In a half morocco box.

A remarkable circular letter from the Pennsylvania Council of Safety, authorizing the seizure of goods from American Loyalists so that those items could be given to the bedraggled , which would soon be wintering at nearby Val- ley Forge. Patriotic Americans are also asked to give what they can of arms and clothing for the war effort. We are unable to locate any other copies of this rare and significant directive. The Pennsylvania Council of Safety evacuated Philadelphia when the British occupied the city in September 1777. On October 21, 1777, having removed to Lancaster, they issued a proclamation authorizing the confiscation of the estates and property of any American who fought in the British army, and of anyone who provided material comfort and support to the British occupiers. The present proclamation, also issued from Lancaster, directs eleven men, whose names are provided in manuscript, to collect goods that would be of the utmost importance for Washington’s troops at Valley Forge. Among the specific items listed are “arms and accoutrements, blankets, woolen cloth, linceywoolsey, linnen, shoes and stockings for the army.” These goods were to be collected from any inhabitant of the county “as have not taken the oath of allegiance and abjuration, or who have aided or assisted the enemy.” Patriotic Americans able to contribute goods for the Continental Army are also asked to give what they can. The specific county in which these collections are to take place has not been filled in in this copy of the Council’s circular letter. Added in a contemporary manuscript hand at the conclusion of the printed text is the following note: “all officers civilian & military are hereby required and directed on application from the Commissioners above or any of them to be aiding and assisting in the execution of these orders.” The text is signed in print by Thomas Wharton, Junior, President of the Council of Safety. No copies of this broadside circular are listed in Evans, Bristol, Shipton & Mooney, NAIP, or ESTC. Rare, and highly evocative of the deprivation that Washington’s troops faced at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78, and the desperate measures taken to support them. $27,500. The Last Attempt to Save the in America

14. [American Revolution]: MANIFESTO AND PROCLAMATION. TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS, THE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLIES OR CONVENTIONS OF THE SEVERAL COLONIES...AND ALL OTHERS, FREE INHABIT- ANTS OF THE SAID COLONIES, OF EVERY RANK AND DE- NOMINATION.... [New York: James Rivington], 1778. Broadside, 19 x 15 inches. Printed in double-column format. Lower left corner torn, not af- fecting text. Woodcut of the Royal Arms trimmed away from the top margin. Tanned, a few old stains. Several chips at edges. Several tears and small holes in the text, affecting about a dozen words. A larger tear in the text repaired, with eight words supplied in manuscript. Several early manuscript notes on the recto and verso. Overall, in good condition. In a half morocco slipcase.

This broadside represents the last attempt by the British government to conciliate the American colonies and effect a compromise form of government for them. It was issued in New York by the British Peace Commissioners, printed for them by the Tory press of James Rivington. After the British defeat at Saratoga in October 1777, the British government decided to propose peace to the former colonies. Their offer included repeal of all Parliamentary taxation, full amnesty, and an arrangement for home rule within the empire. Through this proposal, the British hoped to bring the wayward colonies back into the fold and avert the French-American alliance they knew was in nego- tiation. According to diplomatic historian Samuel Flagg Bemis, “the plan seems to have been the first concrete suggestion of the idea of dominion self-government.” A peace commission headed by the Earl of Carlisle arrived in Philadelphia in the summer of 1778. Carlisle was accompanied by, among others, William Eden and the famed Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, Adam Ferguson. It soon fell into difficulties when one of the commissioners, George Johnstone, former gover- nor of , attempted to bribe members of Congress, and the Americans refused to hear the proposals of the Commission. Carlisle removed to New York and replaced Johnstone with Sir Henry Clinton, but no headway was made. The proposals, which might well have been accepted before the Declaration of Inde- pendence, were too little too late. In fact, by late 1778 the only terms the Conti- nental Congress was willing to entertain were a complete British evacuation, and American Independence. In a last attempt to gain support, Carlisle issued this broadside on October 3, 1778, appealing directly to the state Assemblies and the American people. The Americans, the text reads, “will do well to recollect, that the grievances, real or sup- posed, which led them into this rebellion, have been for ever removed, and that the just occasion is arrived for their returning to the class of peaceful citizens.” Carlisle goes on to offer a full “pardon” to anyone who, before the date of this proclamation, had committed “treason” against the British Empire. He concludes by offering “to the colonies at large, or separately, a general or separate peace, with the revival of their antient government secured, against any future infringements, and protected for ever from taxation by Great-Britain.” Carlisle gave the Americans forty days to accept the terms. They were rejected, and the Commission returned home, abandoning the last attempt at conciliation. This large and impressive broadside was printed by James Rivington, the Tory printer, almost certainly in October 1778. In 1775 anti-British mobs, resentful of Rivington’s political allegiances, destroyed his press. Rivington re-opened his shop and remained in New York throughout the Revolution. NAIP and ESTC together locate a total of only eleven copies of this broadside. A very rare and most important Revolutionary broadside, being the last attempt by the British to forge peace in 1778. EVANS 15832. NAIP w020714. ESTC W20714 . $37,500.

An Interesting Revolutionary Sammelband

15. [American Revolution]: [SAMMELBAND OF EIGHT TITLES RELATING TO THE CONDUCT OF GENERALS BURGOYNE AND HOWE DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. [Lon- don. 1778-1782]. Contemporary tree calf, spine gilt, leather label, expertly rebacked, original spine laid down. Bookplates of Sir Thomas Hesketh and the Easton Neston library on the front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

A collection of works, compiled in a contemporary binding, covering the conduct of generals Burgoyne and Howe during the American Revolution. The collection includes correspondence excerpted from Parliamentary journals, as well as individual publications. Contents are as follow:

1) [Burgoyne, John]: The Substance of General Burgoyne’s Speeches...with an Appendix Containing General Washington’s Letter to General Burgoyne &c. London. 1778. [2],42,[6]pp. Burgoyne’s defensive speech, justifying his conduct following his surrender at Saratoga. Washington’s reply to Burgoyne’s recent praise of him is highly reflective of Washington’s character and, while admitting he cannot but be pleased with Burgoyne’s “reversal of fortune” on the field, he extends his sympathies as a fellow soldier. ESTC T143541. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-11b. SABIN 9257. 2) [Burgoyne, John]: A Letter from Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne to His Constituents, Upon His Late Resignation.... London. 1779. [2],37,[1]pp. The fourth edition. After his capitulation at Saratoga, Burgoyne returned to England, where he was elected to Parliament. In this letter Burgoyne explains his conduct to his constituents in the face of orders from the King that he return to American and rejoin his captive army. The appendix contains the King’s orders as transmitted by Lord Barrington, and Charles Jenkinson’s letters, informing Burgoyne that the King accepted his resignation. ESTC T108719. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-12d. SABIN 9251. 3) Appendix to the Canada Papers, Relating Principally to the Convention Army After Its Arrival in the Neighbourhood of Boston, in the Years 1777 and 1778 [caption title]. [London? 1778]. lxxxvii pp. Letters, principally between Howe and Burgoyne, dated Nov. 8, 1777 to Apr. 11, 1778. ESTC N16317. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-6. 4) Parliamentary Register. [London? After 1782]. pp.81-212 plus three folding let- terpress tables. An excerpt from the Parliamentary debates of 1782 concerning the American Revolution, including recognition of the name “United States of America” in the surrender document. 5) A Schedule of Sir William Howe’s Correspondence, as Produced to the House of Commons, in the Exact Order in Which the Letters Were Written by Him, and Received from the Secretary of State [caption title]. [London? After 1778]. 4pp. A list detailing Howe’s correspondence, with dates and recipients, from 1775 to 1778. 6) Parliamentary Register. [London? After 1779]. pp.253-480. An excerpt from the Parliamentary debates containing letters of Burgoyne and Howe. 7) [Examination of Lieutenant General the Earl Cornwallis Before a Committee of the House of Commons, Upon Sir William Howe’s Papers]. London. 1779. [3]-60pp. Lacks the titlepage. The ESTC records only six copies of this title. ESTC T148112. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-50. SABIN 16813. 8) O’Beirne, Thomas Lewis: Candid and Impartial Narrative of the Transactions of the Fleet Under the Command of Lord Howe.... London. 1779 [but really 1778]. 44pp. O’Beirne was the chaplain of the fleet under Richard Howe. Herein he pays tribute to the Admiral, including a chronicle of the events of the summer of 1778 involving the ominous presence of the French Toulon fleet under the command of d’Estaing. A good account is given of the maneuvers of the two fleets off New York, with Howe defending the entrance to the harbor and the French threatening to attack. Later in the summer the action shifted to Rhode Island, where the French fleet took refuge after several brushes with Howe. An important account by an eyewitness. ESTC T114803. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-78a. SABIN 10568. HOWES O4, “aa.” $3000.

Why Went to War in 1778

16. [American Revolution]: EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS DE LA CON- DUITE DU ROI, RELATIVEMENT À L’ANGLETERRE [caption title]. Paris: P.G. Simon, 1779. 8pp. Quarto. 20th-century marbled wrappers. Minor wear to wrappers. Minor foxing in text. Very good. In a red morocco and cloth folder.

Scarce account of French motivations for joining with the rebellious American colonies and going to war against Great Britain during the American Revolution, published the same year as the first official issue. The French decision to aid the Americans, facilitated by Benjamin Franklin’s artful diplomacy in Paris, was a tipping point in the movement for American independence. Two additional editions with this title were also printed in 1779, followed by six additional works the same year with similar title but varying content (including three with French and Spanish in parallel columns, and at least two with additional text by Edward Gibbon refuting the French arguments). English and Spanish translations of the Exposé des Motifs were also published in 1779. STREETER SALE 792 (official issue). MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 602. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 779/40. $1250.

17. [American Revolution]: A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ADMIN- ISTRATION, DURING THE SUMMER RECESS OF PARLIA- MENT. London. 1779. [2],77pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

Critical of the war being waged in America, this work deals almost entirely with American policy following the rejection of the Conciliatory Bill. Briefly reviewing the for the war – first taxation and revenue, and then the need to maintain Parliamentary power – the author also discusses some of the military and naval campaigns, concluding in the incompetency of the present administration. Only a handful of copies listed in ESTC. ESTC T48170. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-99. SABIN 80635. $2250.

Seizing American Shipping in 1776

18. [American Revolution]: [Privateering]: [FIVE LEGAL DOCU- MENTS COMPRISING THE APPEAL CASE OF THE AMERI- CAN SHIP, NICHOLAS, SEIZED BY THE BRITISH SLOOP OF WAR, SAVAGE, IN 1776]. [London. 1780]. Five documents, totaling [23] pp. Large folio sheets, folded into four panels, with docketing information on verso of final leaf. Minor soiling. Near fine. In a blue half morocco and cloth box.

Court documents relating to the appeal case of the Massachusetts ship Nicholas, captained by Nathaniel Atkins, which was seized by the British while in port in Halifax in January 1776. Following the opening shots of the Revolutionary War, in April 1775, King George III passed an Act prohibiting “all manner of trade and commerce” with the American colonies while they were in a state of open rebellion. The Act further stated that any ship belonging to the colonies, with their cargoes, “which shall be found trading in any port or place in the said colonies, or going to trade or coming from trading in any such port or place,” shall be subject to seizure. The Nicholas set sail in December 1774, prior to open rebellion, sailing to England and Europe, and finally back to Halifax a year later. She left England with all the proper paperwork in place in October 1775, arriving in Halifax in January 1776. The authorities adjudged in May 1776 that the ship was subject to confiscation, and these documents comprise the appeal made before the Lords Commissioners of Appeals for Prize Cases. The defendant’s case argues that since the ship did not sail from an American port, or to an American port, on the final leg of her journey, she should not be subject to seizure by the government. The documents arguing both sides of the case are present here, as is a document detailing the instructions which the British captain, Samuel Graves, acted under. Such documents are relatively scarce, with only four locations noted by ESTC for any of these five items: British Library, British National Archives, Harvard Law, and the John Carter Brown Library. An interesting piece of Revolutionary Americana. ESTC T6759-T6763. $3500.

19. [American Revolution]: Leslie, Alexander: [MANUSCRIPT PASS, SIGNED BY BRITISH LIEUT. GENERAL ALEXANDER LESLIE, DECLARING HIS MEN’S SAFE PASSAGE UNDER FLAG OF TRUCE TO SPEAK WITH GENERAL ]. Charleston [S.C.]. Dec. 19, 1781. [2]pp. plus docketing leaf. Folio. Old folds. Separation at some folds, a few repaired and reinforced; heavily stained along folds and edges. Loss to docketing leaf, affecting a few words of docketing information. Fair. In a black half leather clamshell case, spine gilt.

Manuscript document signed by Lieut. Gen. Alexander Leslie, British commander of the Southern Department. The document reads:

By the Honorable Lieut. General Alexander Leslie, Commander of all His Majesty’s forces in the Southern District, &c &c &c. To Lieut. Colonel Ham- ilton. You are hereby required and directed to proceed with a flag of truce to the head quarters of Major General Greene, in order to transact business with him, from thence to return to this Town unmolested. Therefore all persons what ever are required to hold sacred and inviolate this my pass port and flag of truce; you conducting your self according to the laws and customs of war. Given under my hand at Charlestown this 19th day of December 1781.

A different hand has noted on the verso: “Corporal Furdon and Ned (mulatto servant) with their horses, accompany Lieut. Colonel Hamilton & are considered as under the sanction of this flag.” Alexander Leslie was commanding defenses at Charleston at the time of Corn- wallis’ surrender at Yorktown; after Yorktown, Leslie’s command was expanded to encompass the entirety of the Southern Department. In failing health and with familial concerns back in England, he asked to be relieved of command, but was forced to hang on until the British evacuated Charleston in December 1782. The year after Yorktown was a time of uneasy truce. Though a bit worse for wear, it is remarkable that this pass has survived at all, given that it served its purpose and was no longer necessary, and of no particular sentimental value to anyone. An interesting and ephemeral Revolutionary docu- ment. $1750. Debate Over the American Peace Treaty: England Lets Go

20. [American Revolution]: A FULL AND FAITHFUL REPORT OF THE DEBATES IN BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, ON MONDAY THE 17th OF FEBRUARY, AND FRIDAY THE 21st OF FEBRUARY, 1783, ON THE ARTICLES OF PEACE. London. [1783]. [4],72,116pp. In three volumes. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

First edition of the debates in Parliament on the terms of the treaty of peace ending the war in America. The volume prints the Feb. 17, 1783 debates in the House of Commons and the and the Feb. 21 debates in the House of Com- mons. The would finally be signed Sept. 3, 1783. A most important collection of political statements surrounding the end of the American Revolution. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-37a. SABIN 19099, 26142, 97349. $1500.

21. [American Revolution]: A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE NA- VAL ACTIONS OF THE LAST WAR; IN ORDER TO PROVE THAT THE FRENCH NATION NEVER GAVE SUCH SLENDER PROOFS OF MARITIME GREATNESS AS DURING THAT PE- RIOD; WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISCIPLINE, AND HINTS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT, OF THE BRITISH NAVY. By an Officer. London: Printed for J. Murray, 1788. viii,148pp., plus folding table. Half title. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Half title darkened, else quite clean internally. Very good.

A scarce and little-known defense of the British Navy during the American Revo- lution. The anonymous author was a British naval officer, and he strives mightily to play up the performance of the , especially vis-a-vis the French. The folding table is a “Line of Battle on the 12 of April, 1782,” at which Admiral Rod- ney defeated de Grasse and the French at the Battle of the Saintes. Pages 21-22 describe “victory” over the Serapis. “Sneers for the enemy, praise for British valor; even the fight with the ‘Serapis’ by ‘the desperate English outlaw Paul Jones,’ is a British victory” – Howes. A second edition followed in 1790. A manuscript note on the copy of this edition in the Royal Navy Library at Portsmouth states that the author may have been a Captain Inglefield. HOWES S429, “aa.” SABIN 80589. $2250.

In Original Wrappers

22. Anderson, James: THE INTEREST OF GREAT-BRITAIN WITH REGARD TO HER AMERICAN COLONIES, CONSIDERED. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE OUTLINES OF A PLAN FOR A GENERAL PACIFICATION. London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1782. vii,[1],136,36 Half title. Original plain wrappers. A fine copy, in completely original, unsophisticated condition. Un- trimmed and partially unopened. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

First and only edition. Anderson argues that rather than advancing the trade and manufactures of Great Britain, the American colonies are in fact a hindrance. In the appendix he proposes a peace and commerce treaty highly advantageous to the Crown. “Asserts that settling the colonies was unwise and all subsequent aid impoli- tic; they were a detriment to British trade and power. However, he submits a plan for pacification” – Howes. Adams locates fourteen copies. Scarce on the market. The last copy at auction, in 2004, and in much lesser condition, sold for $2880. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 82-7. HOWES A230. SABIN 1400. $3000.

Standard Revolutionary History

23. Andrews, John: HISTORY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND HOLLAND; COMMENCING IN 1775 AND ENDING IN 1783. London. 1785-1786. Four volumes. [2],448; [2], 449; [2],445; [2],416,[59],[v]-xiv pp., plus twenty-four plates, six folding maps, and one single-page map (maps partially handcolored). Calf and contemporary marbled boards, neatly rebacked in contemporary style. Contemporary owner- ship inscription on titlepages. Light soiling and foxing. Very good. In tan half morocco slipcases, spines gilt.

One of the basic contemporary histories of the American Revolution, this detailed narrative was compiled largely from newspaper articles and the proceedings of the House of Commons. It is illustrated with portraits of principals such as Washing- ton, Clinton, Greene, Cornwallis, Burgoyne, Lafayette, Capt. Asgill, and Count D’Estaing, to which many additional portraits from other 18th-century and early 19th-century sources have been added. The maps show the North American colonies as far west as the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, the English Channel, the West Indies, and other hot spots of the time in Europe and elsewhere. HOWES A259, “aa.” SABIN 1501. $4500.

“Mr. Arnold has by no means deserved the confidence you have placed in him...”: A Remarkable Archive of , Traitor and Bad Debtor

24. [Arnold, Benedict]: [ARCHIVE OF PAPERS RELATING TO THE EARLY BUSINESS ENDEAVORS (AND DISREPUTABLE CONDUCT THEREIN) OF BENEDICT ARNOLD, INCLUDING TWO AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, SIGNED]. London & New York. 1766-1782. 43pp., detailed below. Mostly folio. Most of the letters include integral blank leaf, docketed on verso. A few documents have significant paper loss, expertly repaired (though with some loss to text). Light scattered soil- ing, some minor offsetting. Overall, very good. In a red cloth portfolio case.

An archive of business correspondence of Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary leader and later America’s most famous traitor, shedding further light on his dubious character. The manuscripts present here all relate to Arnold’s pre-Revolutionary business career and failure as a druggist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, at a location a few blocks away from our present offices. Not a great deal seems to have been known about Arnold’s early business ven- tures hitherto – the material available, for example, to Arnold’s principal modern biographer, Willard Sterne Randall, being comparatively scant. Arnold first entered business in 1761, and at first seems to have been successful. He visited London the next year, where he acquired stock on credit, and then set up shop on Chapel Street in New Haven under the famous sign (still preserved at the New Haven Historical Society): “B. Arnold Druggist / Bookseller &c. / From London / Sibi Totique.” His biographer writes: “His was more a department store than an apothecary, and fancier than a general store....The only store of its kind in New Haven, it offered the usual herbs and medicines...but it specialized in luxuries” (Randall, p.38). “For students across the green at Yale, he offered a rich assortment of books.” Thus we find among his creditors many of the leading London publisher-booksellers of the day, including Thomas Longman himself, map- and print-maker Henry Overton; Bible publishers Wright & Gill; and William Parker, proprietor of the radical General Advertiser. Later he also acquired a sloop and undertook trading voyages to the Caribbean and Canada. Most of these voyages, however, were devoted to smuggling rather than upstanding trade: “Benedict Arnold’s business was secret by definition. To keep accurate records would have been self-destructive, yet not to engage to some degree of smuggling was all but impossible if such a business was to survive increasingly stringent British trade policies” (p.42). Despite these various enterprises, Arnold went bankrupt, owing some £16,000 when his business failed in the summer of 1766. The failure of Arnold’s business was closely related to his support of the Patriot cause. He blamed his failure on the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, claiming they curtailed commerce. The evidence of this archive would suggest otherwise – that Arnold used these acts as an excuse for not settling debts he had no intention or ability to pay off. He first became active with the in mid-1766, and in January 1767 was involved in a notorious case of beating up a colonial tax collector. American liberty and Arnold’s personal freedom from debt were to him one and the same. In Randall’s biography Arnold is incorrectly described as having settled his debts, and Thomas Longman is incorrectly named as his principal creditor. In fact, Thomas Corbyn, from whose papers this archive derives, was Arnold’s principal creditor and represented Arnold’s creditors from the London end. These papers begin in July 1766, after Arnold’s failure. Unlike that of Arnold, Corbyn’s business was rooted in Quaker honesty, as the entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography makes clear: “Corbyn’s probity both at home and abroad was an important factor in the success of the firm...he frequently lent money to young men starting in business – and not infrequently lost it....The life and career of Thomas Corbyn shows that the expanding drug trade of the eighteenth century was based on greater trust and probity than is often thought.” To New York merchant Bernard Lintot, author of most of the letters to Corbyn, fell the unenviable task of dealing directly with Arnold. After a great deal of trouble he eventually got Arnold to agree to pay ten shillings in the pound plus interest, only to find him reneging on the deal a month later. Lintot’s letters give a vivid idea of what it was like to deal with Arnold. In May 1767 he writes:

I went 18 Miles to procure an Attorney and spent the greatest part of a Fort- night in NHaven, endeavouring to bring him to a more just Settlement; He had given several Bills of Sale of his Vessel & Cargoe, The Negroes were like to be a contested property, and he had a most Vigorous & designing man to assist him in everything. Finding him endeavour to do you all possible Injustice, I resolved not to come into his terms. I Arrested his Person (for which he got Bail) and was going to get the Vessel & Cargoe apprised and send her to Sea When one of my Lawyers sent to speak with me. I found there Mr Arnold and Three Lawyers in his behalf, where after a good deale of altercation, I concluded upon his effectually returning to me Ten shillings in the Pound on the Principal Sum and Seventy five Pounds Sterling as Interest.

Lintot is forced to the weary conclusion:

I must now observe that Mr Arnold has by no means deserved the confidence you placed in him; which confidence induced me to treat with him as one willing to do all the Justice in his power to his Creditors; whilst he acted on principles directly opposite. Had I not with the greatest dispatch seized the Vessell he would have put it out of my Power to have secured you anything. It would take up too much of your time to enumerate the many exceptions I have to Mr Arnold’s Conduct.

But even now he was being too trusting, for Arnold did not in fact make settle- ment until September 1770, forcing Lintot to tell Corbyn: “I am very sorry I have been so often obliged to disappoint you of the balance remaining due to Benedict Arnold’s Creditors I was deceiv’d by him from time to time and was finally obligd to take the last resort the Law, which is also tedious, or should sooner have sent the balance remaining in my hands.” As for the remaining half of the debt, still outstanding, Quaker scruples were not for Benedict Arnold. It had probably not occurred to him that his past debt would still await him when he came to London after his treason. In 1782, after Arnold had settled in London, Corbyn’s partner John Brown raised the subject of Arnold’s outstanding debt. Arnold replies in the third person – as “General Ar- nold” – telling Brown that he would of course have paid had Lintot asked nicely:

GA begs leave to say that had the Person Empowered to Collect the Debts (alluded to) Acted with honor and Fidelity, GA could have paid the whole amount with as much ease as He did a part, but when He violated his Agreement and Seized on the Effects of GA, He destroyed his Credit, and prevented his realising the Value of his property and of Course Answering the full Demands against him. The Principal part of GA property is in America, and out of his Reach, and perhaps will ever be so.

To this Corbyn himself replied, enclosing (unwisely perhaps) a homily on business . Once again Arnold reposts: “had your Agent waited with a little patience, and not departed from his agreement with me, I should have Discharged the whole of my Debts, and supported my Credits, but by grasping at the Shaddow he gave up the Substance.” He concludes his letter with a ringing declaration of his own probity, which echoes beyond his business dealings and into history:

As my Conduct has ever been Intentionally Right, No expressions of any set of Men, however respectable, can make an unpleasant reflection in a breast Conscious of not deserving blame, and I beg leave to say that the Aldermen [the booksellers Wright & Gill] who have been so Officious With you, would have been much better employed Attending to their own affairs.

The archive is as follows:

1) Instructions [addressed to Bernard Lintot], signed by the “Creditors of Benedict Arnold of Newhaven in Connecticut,” authorizing him to act on their behalf to recover the sums owing. [London. July 1766]. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines, minor soiling. Very good. “...We do not wish or mean to Distress him unnecessarily or to stop him in Business if it can possibly be Avoided but we must Insist on speedy Payment or good Security for our Debts. It is not in our Power (at this Distance and not knowing the real State of his Affairs) to give thee Positive Instructions how to Act, therefore we leave it to thy Discretion Recommending to thee to Act with Vigour Resolution & Dispatch, And at the same time We desire thee to avoid (as much as may be, Consistent with our safety) all Sever- ity and Rigour...” and to remit the money to Thomas Corbyn & Co, signed by Thomas Longman, Benjamin Lamb, Thomas Corbyn & Co, William Evans, Wright & Gill, and William Parker. 2) Agreement signed by Arnold’s creditors, divvying up his debt. [London]. July 18, 1766. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines, minor soiling. Very good. An agreement that the monies recovered from “Benedict Arnold of Newhaven in the Colony of Connecticut Merchant” be divided among his creditors in the proportions stated, having “Authorized Bernard Lintot of New York Merchant to sue for and recover the same and have directed him to Remitt the money to the Undersigned Thomas Corbyn & Co,” with sums owing following each signature, signed by the six merchants in the foregoing as well as by Henry Overton; plus a copy of Overton’s invoice to Arnold. 3) Series of fifteen autograph letters signed by Bernard Lintot to Thomas Corbyn & Co, giving a complete account of his dealings with Benedict Arnold. 20pp., two letters duplicates (thirteen texts in all). New York & Derby, Ct. 1766-1770. Mostly folio. Two letters conjoint, two incomplete and lacking signature; eight address panels, postmarked. Old fold lines. Some letters worn at edges or folds. Light scattered soiling and offsetting. One letter heavily worn and in several pieces. Overall, very good. 4) Set of accounts submitted by “The Creditors of Benedict Arnold in Account with Corbyn & Brown” and by “Messrs Corbyn & Brown and other Creditors of Benedict Arnold in Account with Bernard Lintot.” [London & New York]. 1767- 1770. Eight bills in all. Oblong folio and quarto sheets. Some incomplete, paper losses (made good by professional repair). Old fold lines, minor soiling. About good. 5) Two autograph letters, signed, from Benedict Arnold. [London]. May 16 & Dec. 20, 1782. 5pp. Folio and quarto. Old fold lines; slight damage to edges of one letter, minutely affecting text. Very good. One signed “B Arnold” and one in the third person as “General Arnold,” to Thomas Corbyn and his partner, John Brown, concerning his refusal to settle his remaining debts; together with retained drafts of two letters by Corbyn to Arnold.

An important archive of papers, illuminating further the character and life of one of the most notorious characters of the Revolutionary era, and his reasons for join- ing the Revolution. Willard Sterne Randall, Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor (1991). $42,500. Benedict Arnold’s Smuggling Career

25. [Arnold, Benedict]: [PROTEST LODGED AGAINST THE NEW HAVEN CUSTOMS HOUSE, AFTER REPEATED SEARCHES OF THE SHIP AND REFUSAL OF ENTRY; SIGNED BY TWO MEN OF THE CREW]. New Haven. Feb. 5, 1767. [2]pp. plus integral docketing leaf. Folio. Silked. Small paper loss to top of sheet, affecting a few words of text. A few minor losses at edges. Lightly soiled. Good. In a red half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Written complaint lodged with the New Haven Customs House in which two sailors, Rutherford Cooke and Caleb Comstock, protest the treatment of their ship at port – a ship of which Benedict Arnold was captain and owner. The two men attest that the sloop Charming Sally, Benedict Arnold captain (not present), sailed for the West Indies, and thence to Amsterdam, where they met Arnold on business, and then back again to the West Indies. The complaint reads:

Be it known and made manifest to all persons whom these presents shall come... before me Daniel Lyman, Esqr., one of His Majesty’s Jus[tices] of the Peace for the county of New Haven...personally came and appeared Rutherford Cooke, Mate of the good sloop Charming Sally and Caleb Comstock, mariner, and on oath depose and say that on the fifteenth of July last they sailed in sd. sloop from the island of St. Croix in the West Indies to Holland whereof was Master Benedict Arnold of New Haven where we arrived on the thirtieeth of August following and having there discharged our cargo took on board a freight for sd. St. Croix on account of Mr. Daniel Cromeline, merchant at Amsterdam, at which place we left our Capt. sd. Benedict Arnold on shore on the fifth of October and from there arrived at sd. St. Croix on the fifteenth of Novemr. and after disposing our cargo sailed on the twenty-third of the same month in a sett of ballast for New Haven, where we arrived the tenth of January not having our Capt. on board. And the Dept. the Mate further says that thereupon he applied to his Majesty’s Custom House in sd. New Haven with the register of sd. vessel & her papers in proper office hours for entering the same, but being required he left his papers with the officers thereof for a time in which the said sloop might be searched by a waiter for that purpose, which was accordingly done; but nothing found on board or in any other place tho search has repeatedly been made; and that afterwards the sd. Mate applied to sd. office for the entry of sd. vessel & her papers but was refused tho tending to give oath as the Acts of Parliament require. And especially as the Dept. further say on the fifth of inst. February, and was denied the entry of the vessel & her papers after an attendance of near three weeks.

It is signed by Rutherford Cooke, Caleb Comstock, and Justice of the Peace Daniel Lyman. Not a great deal seems to have been known about Arnold’s early business ven- tures hitherto – the material available, for example, to Arnold’s principal modern biographer, Willard Sterne Randall, being comparatively scant. Arnold first en- tered business in 1761, and at initially seems to have been successful. He visited London the next year, where he acquired stock on credit, and then set up shop on Chapel Street in New Haven under the famous sign (still preserved at the New Haven Historical Society): “B. Arnold Druggist / Bookseller &c. / From London / Sibi Totique.” Later he also acquired a sloop and undertook trading voyages to the Caribbean and Canada. Most of these voyages, however, were devoted to smuggling rather than upstanding trade: “Benedict Arnold’s business was secret by definition. To keep accurate records would have been self-destructive, yet not to engage to some degree of smuggling was all but impossible if such a business was to survive increasingly stringent British trade policies” (Randall, p.42). Despite these various enterprises, Arnold went bankrupt, owing some £16,000 when his business failed in the summer of 1766. Given the smuggling activities in which Arnold was engaged, and his business failure, the Customs House may have had good to be suspicious of his vessel, despite the lack of supporting evidence aboard ship. It is also possible that he had made enemies of the authorities, as in January 1767 he was involved in a notorious case of beating up a colonial tax collector. Willard Sterne Randall, Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor (1991). $5500.

Benedict Arnold as an American Hero

26. [Arnold, Benedict]: [COLONEL ARNOLD WHO COMMANDED THE PROVINCIAL TROOPS SENT TO THROUGH THE WILDERNESS OF CANADA AND WAS WOUNDED IN STORMING THAT CITY UNDER GENERAL MONTGOM- ERY]. [London: Thomas Hart, March 26, 1776]. Engraved mezzotint, 13 x 9¾ inches. Trimmed to the image, lacking the caption and imprint informa- tion. A bit of light creasing and a few small, closed edge tears. About very good. Matted.

This attractive British mezzotint is the first portrait print of Benedict Arnold, who achieved renown for his successes as an American officer in the early years of the Revolution, but whose lasting reputation is as the most famous traitor in Ameri- can history. The print depicts Arnold at the 1775 . He is shown from the knees up, dressed in an elaborate and neat uniform, his outstretched right arm pointing toward Quebec, which is shown in the background. The Battle of Quebec occurred on December 31, 1775, with the American forces led by Arnold and , and was an attempt to launch an early attack on British forces and to enlist French Canadians to the American cause. It failed badly, and would be the only American attempt to take control of Canada during the American Revolution. The American attack came after a long and difficult march to Quebec, and Arnold (and his men) would have been in much worse physical and sartorial condition than is depicted in this portrait. This mezzotint of Benedict Arnold is one of a series of fictitious portraits of military leaders done in London by R. Purcell (under the pseudonym “C. Corbutt”). Trimming mezzotints to the image was a common practice in the 18th century. CRESSWELL 9. THE ENGLISH SATIRICAL PRINT: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 51. BM CATALOGUE OF PRINTS 5331. $3750.

Item 29. A Traitor Wooing a Boston Debutante

27. Arnold, Benedict: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENEDICT ARNOLD TO MRS. ]. Watertown. March 4, 1777. [1]p. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Small loss in margin from wax seal, repaired. Minor soiling. Silked. Very good. In a blue half mo- rocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

An anxious letter written by a smitten Benedict Arnold to Boston society matron Lucy Flucker Knox, enclosing a letter for delivery to young Miss Betsy De Blois. The love-struck hero of Fort Ticonderoga writes:

Dear Madam, I have taken the liberty of incloseing a letter for the heavenly Miss Deblois, which by the favour of your delivering, with the trunk of gowns &c., which Mrs. Colburn promis’d me to send to your house, I hope she will make no objections against receiving them. I make no doubt you will soon have the pleasure of seeing the charming Mrs. Emery, and have it in your power to give me some favourable . I shall remain under the most anxious suspense until I have the favour of a line from you, who (if I may judge) will from your own experience, conceive the fond anxiety, the glowing hopes, and chilling fears, that, alternately possess [me].

In February 1777, in Mrs. Knox’s drawing room, Arnold was introduced to Boston society and – more importantly – to the “beautiful...straight, tall, elegant” Tory belle, Elizabeth (Betsy) De Blois. A widower for a little over a year, Arnold immediately fell headlong in love with the sixteen-year-old Betsy – twenty years his junior – and asked Mrs. Knox to present his case. Delighted with her role as matchmaker, Lucy Knox dutifully delivered Arnold’s ardent letters, along with a trunk of gowns and other lavish gifts, designed to show both his affection and financial solidity. He hoped that Betsy would accept these gifts as well as his desire to court her. Possibly owing to the vast difference in age, the “heavenly Miss Deblois” rebuffed Arnold’s several advances, finally refusing to answer his dramatic and passionate love letters. Betsy had many subsequent suitors, but in the end, never married. Having failed to win the hand of Miss De Blois, Arnold began courting the lovely and vivacious Margaret (Peggy) Shippen in the summer of 1778, to whom he wrote equally ardent letters – one of which he lifted practically verbatim from a letter he had sent to Betsy De Blois. The two were wed in April 1779. $15,000.

Signer of the Federal Constitution from Delaware

28. [Bedford, Gunning, Jr.]: [COLONIAL $20 BILL, SIGNED BY GUNNING BEDFORD, JR.]. Philadelphia: Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1778. 3 5/8 x 2 7/8 inches. Woodcuts on front and back. Soiled. In slipcase.

Bedford (1747-1812) was a signer of the U.S. Constitution from Delaware. He was briefly an aide-de-camp to Washington during the Revolution, and was later appointed in Washington’s first term as federal judge for the district of Delaware. With a note laid in from Richard Reilly, librarian of the Copley Library, to “Su- zanne”: “I wanted to give the Library something for Christmas and here it is...I paid Mary Benjamin $500 for this...Gunning Bedford is one of the most difficult of the Signers of the Constitution....” No signatures of Bedford appear in auction records in the last thirty-five years. Appleton’s Cyclopædia I, p.215. $2500.

The British Governor Puts His Foot in Mouth: The Secret Correspondence Revealed

29. [Bernard, Francis]: [Gage, Thomas]: COPIES OF LETTERS FROM GOVERNOR BERNARD, &c. TO THE EARL OF HILLSBOR- OUGH [caption title]. [Boston: Edes & Gill, 1769]. 16pp. Quarto. Stitched as issued. Some light wear and soiling; old institutional ink stamp of the American Antiquarian Society, releasing it as a duplicate in 1921 on the first page. Very good. Untrimmed and unopened. In a half roan and cloth folder.

These letters were written by Massachusetts colonial governor Francis Bernard to Lord Hillsborough, Secretary of State for the Colonies, complaining about the state of affairs in Massachusetts and about various colonists. Bernard, who was governor in the 1760s, writes primarily about the quartering of troops in Boston, which was much opposed by the citizens and the Council. There is also a letter from Gen. . The correspondence was leaked by parties still unknown, and its publication raised a firestorm of criticism which led to Bernard’s resigna- tion. Bernard was replaced as governor by Thomas Hutchinson in 1769, after being burned in effigy. The letters arrived back in Boston in April 1769. Three editions – one a four- page folio edition, the present sixteen-page octavo edition, and a twenty-eight-page edition evidently issued to accompany the publication of further letters – were issued surreptitiously before their official publication by the order of the House of Representatives. Adams supposes that Edes & Gill, the official printers, may have issued the first two before the official publication, shortly after their arrival in Boston. This is the octavo version. ESTC locates ten copies. ESTC W37602. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 68b. EVANS 11178. $6500.

A Political Rarity

30. [Bollan, William]: CONTINUED CORRUPTION, STANDING ARMIES, AND POPULAR DISCONTENTS CONSIDERED; AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES IN AMERICA, WITH VARIOUS SUBSEQUENT PROCEED- INGS, AND THE PRESENT CONTESTS, EXAMINED, WITH INTENT TO PROMOTE THEIR CORDIAL AND PERPETUAL UNION WITH THEIR MOTHER COUNTRY, FOR THEIR MU- TUAL HONOUR, COMFORT, STRENGTH, AND SAFETY. Lon- don: Printed, and Sold by J. Almon, 1768. 82pp. plus frontispiece bound in after titlepage. Quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

The only edition of this scarce defense of American liberties and freedoms, issued in the wake of the . William Bollan was born in England but educated in America, where he built a successful law career in Boston. He served as the Massachusetts colonial agent in London from 1745 to 1762, when he was removed as a result of clashing political factions in the colony. Accused by some in the Bay Colony of being too subservient to the imperial center at the expense of the colonial periphery, Bollan spent much of his time after 1762 producing pamphlets on the brewing political crisis between the Crown and the colonies, always striving for reconciliation between the two. Bollan sees the Townshend Acts, which imposed revenue duties on the colonies for reasons other than direct defense, as evidence of political corruption in the British government, but not as reason enough to sever the ties between England and her colonies. He harkens back to the history of the Roman Empire, drawing comparisons to the current situation. The lovely plate, engraved by Bartolozzi, represents a British “Lady Liberty,” with an olive branch in hand but with a shield close at hand. Not in Cohen, though he lists several other works by Bollan. A very scarce work on the market. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-2. HOWES B576, “aa.” SABIN 6210. ESTC N1000. $7500.

The Merchants of Boston Complain of Their Taxes

31. [Boston Merchants]: OBSERVATIONS OF THE MERCHANTS AT BOSTON IN NEW-ENGLAND, UPON SEVERAL ACTS OF PARLIAMENT, MADE IN THE FOURTH, SIXTH, AND SEV- ENTH YEARS OF HIS MAJESTY’S REIGN, RESPECTING AMERICAN COMMERCE AND REVENUE, AND THEIR MILI- TARY AND CIVIL EXECUTION. [London]. 1770. [2],37pp. Modern three-quarter red morocco and marbled papers, spine gilt. Very minor toning and soiling. Very good plus. Lacks the half title.

Tract written by the merchants of Boston decrying the excessive taxation on the trade of the American colonies, much to the hindrance of commerce there. Matters addressed include the taxation of sugar, the interruption of fishing off the Grand Banks, and the search and seizure of American trading vessels by British authorities. The appeal contained herein notes that the colonists “have a right to expect and hope for...a repeal of all the acts imposing duties on any kind of goods imported into the British colonies for the purpose of raising revenue in America, being inconsistent with their rights as free subjects – the removal of every unnecessary burden upon trade, and that it be restor’d to the same footing it was upon before the act of the 6th of George the Second, commonly call’d the sugar-act.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69-8c. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 63c. ESTC T4119. $1750.

A Classic History of the Revolution

32. Botta, Carlo: STORIA DELLA GUERRA DELL’ INDEPENDEN- ZA DEGLI STATI UNITI D’AMERICA. Parigi. 1809. Four volumes. [2],xi,363; [2],543; [2],553; [2],477pp. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards; rebacked, spines gilt, leather labels. Corners worn. Bookplate on front pastedowns. Lightly foxed. Very good.

Scarce first edition of this important Italian history of the American Revolution. Jefferson owned a copy of this edition. In a letter to , Jefferson wrote that Botta (despite his habit of putting unattributed words into the mouths of his speakers) produced a history of the Revolution “with more detail, precision and candor than any writer I have yet met with.” “This work grew out of a conversation held in 1806 in which those present were asked which modern event would make the best subject. Botta interpreted the American cause as a struggle for liberty. At every opportunity he excited the nationalistic aspirations of the Italians, and suggested with Italy’s past and contemporary history. Botta looked upon the creation of the United States as an example and inspiration for the formation of an Italy unified and free of foreign rule” – Hough. “Most valuable history of the Revolution up to its date” – Howes. SABIN 6818. SAMUEL HOUGH, THE ITALIANS AND THE CREATION OF AMERICA 97. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 509. HOWES B636. $2000.

Written from Valley Forge in the Winter of 1778, by the Man Who Would Become Attorney-General

33. Bradford, William, Jr.: [Valley Forge]: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM WILLIAM BRADFORD, JR. TO JOSEPH CLARK, LEAVING CLARK IN CHARGE WHILE BRADFORD IS AWAY, WRITTEN FROM VALLEY FORGE]. [Np, but Valley Forge, Pa.]. Jan. 10, 1778. [1]p. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Minor soiling, heavier on address leaf. Small paper loss on address leaf from wax seal. Very good. In a folio-sized blue half mo- rocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

A letter written by William Bradford, Jr., Deputy Muster Master General for the Continental Army, to Joseph Clark of the New Jersey Militia, written from the brutal winter encampment of Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-78. In it Bradford expresses concern at not having seen Clark personally, and states he is leaving Clark in charge while he is away. William Bradford Jr., son of the famous Revolutionary War printer of the same name, was a Philadelphia lawyer. He later served as Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, on the state Supreme Court, and as the second Attorney General of the United States in 1794-95 (until he died at age forty). His service in the American Revolution included action at the and a term as Deputy Muster Master General, 1777-79. The recipient of this letter, Joseph Clark, was a soldier from New Jersey who attended Princeton and became a minister after the war. Bradford writes:

Sir, I was extremely disappointed by your going to Elizabethtown without seeing me. I have waited several days expecting your return; as I wanted you to superintend the department during my absence, & give you some instructions on that head. I have at length determined to set off for Philada. in confidence that your will bring you to camp in a day or two, & that you will give such directions relative to the Department as the exigency of affairs may require. I have left notice at the Adjt. Genls. office that all officers do apply to you during my absence. You will direct Col. Thomas to muster Van Heere’s corps of horse which is stationed at Schanks Mills on Millstone as soon as possible.

The corps of horse to which he refers is that of Capt. Barth Van Heer’s dragoons – the group that served as General Washington’s Lifeguards. This letter was writ- ten from Valley Forge, where the Continental Army spent the legendary winter of 1777-78. Within weeks, Baron Friedrich von Steuben would arrive to drill the troops, turning ragtag colonials into disciplined soldiers. It was at Valley Forge that General Washington’s army became a cohesive fighting force that would gain our nation its independence from Britain. Appleton’s Cyclopædia I:351. $6000.

Made Just Before Heading to America

34. [Burgoyne, John]: THE SPEECH OF A GENERAL OFFICER IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, FEBRUARY 20th, 1775. [London. 1775]. [2],9pp. Quarto. Modern red three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. First two leaves reinforced along fore and bottom edges with heavy tape; another small reinforcement near gutter margin of titlepage. Third leaf with a small tape reinforcement at foredge; final leaf reinforced along horizontal center crease. Corners of text worn. Light foxing and tanning. A good copy of this scarce title.

A scarce and rousing speech by made by General Burgoyne regarding Lord North’s motion that the American colonies be taxed for the upkeep of their defense. Bur- goyne admonishes and exhorts the British people:

Sir, if the whole body of the Kingdom does not rouse at this alarm, and shake off that torpitude under which our public spirit has long shamefully languished – if every class and distinction of men do not join in this great cause – if our merchants and manufacturers do not in one instance take example from the Americans, and render it glorious by adapting it to a better cause – if they do not feel insult and affront in the suspicion, that while one country dares the interruption of commerce to effectuate her chimerical claims, the other will not exert equal fortitude to vindicate her fundamental rights – if this be our wretched state – I agree, that the sooner a formal surrender is made, the better; let Great Britain revert to her primitive insignificancy in the Map of the World, and the Congress of Philadelphia be the Legislature to dispense the blessings of Empire. Let us spare the blood of our subjects, let us spare the treasures of the state, but let us, at the same time, confess, we are no more a people.

Only eight copies listed by the ESTC. No copies in ABPC. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-15. ESTC N24398. SABIN 9254, 89184. $3500. Gentleman Johnny’s Apology

35. Burgoyne, John: A STATE OF THE EXPEDITION FROM CAN- ADA, AS LAID BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, BY LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BURGOYNE, AND VERIFIED BY EVIDENCE; WITH A COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE.... London. 1780. ix,[1],191,cix pp. plus six folding maps (some with original coloring of troop movements) and one folding table. Contemporary tree calf, spine gilt, leather label. Extremities moderately rubbed, front hinge cracked. Bookplate on front pastedown. Minor foxing. Very good.

Second edition of Burgoyne’s defense of his conduct as the commander of the Brit- ish expedition down the Hudson Valley from Canada in 1777. Intended to cut the New England colonies off from the rest of rebellious America, the expedition ended in disaster at Saratoga, where American forces soundly defeated Burgoyne and forced his capitulation. Herein Burgoyne responds to the inquiry of the House of Commons, demonstrating that the forces he was given were not sufficient to perform the task. This is the most important source for the campaign, illustrated with excellent maps, mostly depicting the Saratoga battle. HOWES B968, “aa.” SABIN 9255. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-12b. NEBENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 48 (note). $3500.

Edmund Burke Writes His Political Patron at a Crucial Moment in , Describing His Work Behind the Scenes

36. Burke, Edmund: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM EDMUND BURKE TO THE MARQUESS OF ROCKINGHAM, REGARDING THE PROPOSED PETITION OF LONDON MERCHANTS FOR RECONCILIATION WITH AMERICA]. Westminster. Jan. 12, 1775. 4pp. Quarto. Old folds; slight separation along folds. Fourth page lightly soiled and toned. Very good. In a folio-sized red half morocco and cloth folder.

A wonderful letter from English politician and philosopher Edmund Burke to his political patron, fellow politician and colonial sympathizer, Charles Watson- Wentworth, Second Marquess of Rockingham, discussing a proposed petition by English merchants for the relief of the American situation. Burke’s seat in Parliament was controlled by Rockingham, and the two were united in their sup- port for the American colonists. Rockingham was twice Prime Minister: in his first premiership, in 1765-66, he successfully repealed the Stamp Act; and in his second in 1782, terminated by his death, he oversaw the formal recognition of the independence of the United States. After the passage of the Coercive Acts in 1774, American merchants retaliated with non-importation agreements similar to those during the Stamp Act crisis. British merchants, who as a group were generally favorably disposed to America for commercial self-interest if no other reason, quickly felt the pain, and by early 1775 were seeking a diplomatic solution. Encouraged and aided by Burke, they drafted the petition he describes in this letter. His comments here are of particular inter- est, because it illustrates the behind-the-scenes work of the pro-American group. Burke wrote Rockingham this detailed report on Jan. 12, 1775; the merchant’s petition was submitted to Parliament on Jan. 23. Opposed by the government, it did little to defuse the situation. Burke continued to work for reconciliation, giving his famous speech pleading America’s cause on March 22, 1775. But events had gone too far, and Lexington and Concord soon followed.

My dear Lord, Yesterday, as you will see by the papers, the petition was voted. There had been much debate without any real difference in opinion. The Court party said little, &, I believe, think it better policy to weaken the measure, than to appear in direct opposition to what they are not able to prevent. The alarm among the American merchants is strong; but as yet not strong enough to get the better of their habitual deference to administration. Even the fears of several dispose them to a submission to the authours of their calamities, lest they should be provoked to make them more intolerable. This is a very mean spirit; & if possible meaner policy. But so it is. The petition, as it was first prepared by the merchants, was to the last degree cold & jejune. Not a word purporting the least dislike to the proceedings of the last Parliament; not a syllable, that indicated a preference of one system of American government over another. But Baker, with great address & perseverance, carried some distant reflexion on the American laws, & some compliment on the beneficial effects of the repeal of the Stamp Act. This petition is far, & far enough, even now, from what in common sense it ought to be; for by putting the whole on the sufferings of trade from the resistance of America, it sets the nation in a very humble, & in , an abject state in case of a concession. Had indeed the Ministry been disposed, or any prevalent party in Parliament been disposed, to overturn the obnoxious acts, as being fundamentally unjust & inpolitick, the merchants might come with great weight & propriety to speak of their effect upon trade. At present we have no reason assigned, by those who have any strength either within or without doors, for giving way, but the opposition our acts have met with.

He continues, discussing the situation of the British colonies in Jamaica, writing: “Mr. Ellis of Jamaica has done a great deal towards bringing the West India mer- chants & planters to a right sense of their situation.” The remainder of the letter discusses that topic in detail and then briefly touches on a visit to the Duchess of Richmond. $10,000.

37. [Bushe, Gervase P.]: THE CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA, ADDRESSED TO THE KING AND BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. London. 1769 [i.e. 1768]. [4],35pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor toning. Very good plus. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

First edition (it was reprinted in Boston the same year). The tract urges that England abandon the idea of colonial taxation and allow America greater self government, arguing that this policy would benefit England more in the end. This edition not presently recorded by ESTC. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-4a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 64a. HOWES B1039, “aa.” $2250.

38. Campbell, George: THE NATURE, EXTENT, AND IMPOR- TANCE, OF THE DUTY OF ALLEGIANCE: A SERMON, PREACHED AT ABERDEEN, DECEMBER 12, 1776, BEING THE FAST DAY APPOINTED BY THE KING, ON ACCOUNT OF THE REBELLION IN AMERICA. Aberdeen: Printed by J. Chalm- ers and Co., 1778. [2],74pp. Half title. 12mo. Original plain wrappers. Wrap- pers lightly soiled and worn. Early presentation inscription on half title. A very good copy. In a half morocco and cloth folding box, spine gilt.

“The second edition, with notes and illustrations” following the first of the previ- ous year, also printed in Aberdeen. Campbell, of Aberdeen, a Church of Scotland minister, argues that the rebellion in America is both contrary to scripture and unreasonable, but that the misguided Americans must be allowed the freedom to discover the errors of republicanism. A scarce Scottish tract on the Revolution. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-23b. HOWES SABIN 10217. $2000.

39. [Chandler, Thomas Bradbury]: THE AMERICAN QUERIST: OR, SOME QUESTIONS PROPOSED RELATIVE TO THE PRES- ENT DISPUTES BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN, AND HER AMERICAN COLONIES. By a North-American. New York: Printed by James Rivington, 1774. [2],31pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. Moderate tanning and foxing. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

Styled “Tenth Edition” on the titlepage, but evidently the second according to Adams, and the first to identify Rivington as the printer. An important Tory pamphlet by this prominent Loyalist and Anglican clergyman, in the form of one hundred questions, many of which incorporate the author’s views on such subjects as the North American charters granted by the crown, and the Stamp Act. Some of the early “queries” deal in vivid language with the growing unrest in the colonies:

Whether the disorder of the colonies, to speak in language taken from animal bodies, be not of the feverish kind, as it is attended with an irregular high pulse, and discovers, in some parts, a dangerous swelling and inflammation; and whether it has not been occasioned, in a great measure, by their own im- prudence and intemperance? [No. 10].

Some of the later questions, no less passionate, refer to specific occurrences:

Whether the several colonies, by having chosen delegates to represent them at the congress, have not taken the matter in dispute out of the hands of the people; and whether those, who, notwithstanding, still endeavour farther to inflame the passions of the populace, already intoxicated with a few magical sounds, are not to be considered and treated as incendiaries, scattering abroad the firebrands of faction, in order to bring on the conflagration of their country? [No. 89].

This tract appears to have attracted a good deal of hostile attention. On the ti- tlepage of this New York printing is a statement that “this pamphlet, on the 8th day of September last, was, in full conclave of the Sons of Liberty in New York, committed to the flames by the hands of their common executioner, as it contains some queries they cannot, and others they will not answer.” The authorship of the pamphlet was for a long time uncertain (Howes lists it under Myles Cooper), but it is now presumed to be by Thomas Bradbury Chandler. Chandler was born in Connecticut and educated at Yale. “Although he had advised the repeal of the Stamp Act, he was as ardent a Loyalist as churchman, and the events of the next few years moved him to vigorous protest against the drift toward revolution. In 1775 appeared his pamphlet What Think Ye of the Congress Now? which was a spirited attack upon the authority and actions of the Continental Congress. The occurrences of April 1775 were too much for his Loyalist fervor, and he departed for England the following month” – DAB. A scarce Loyalist work. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-19a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 106b. HOWES C753. SABIN 16586. EVANS 13221. NAIP w037274. $2500.

40. Chandler, Thomas Bradbury: WHAT THINK YE OF THE CON- GRESS NOW? OR, AN ENQUIRY, HOW FAR THE AMERICANS ARE BOUND TO ABIDE BY, AND EXECUTE THE DECISION OF, THE LATE CONGRESS? New York: James Rivington, 1775. 48pp. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern book- plate on front pastedown. Some light toning and minor soiling. Very good.

A Tory pamphlet, severely critical of the rebel Congress, by Thomas Bradbury Chandler, a prominent Loyalist and Anglican clergyman. Chandler was born in Connecticut and educated at Yale. “Although he had advised the repeal of the Stamp Act, he was as ardent a Loyalist as churchman, and the events of the next few years moved him to vigorous protest against the drift toward revolution. In 1775 appeared his pamphlet What Think Ye of the Congress Now? which was a spirited attack upon the authority and actions of the Continental Congress. The occurrences of April 1775 were too much for his Loyalist fervor, and he departed for England the fol- lowing month” – DAB. From the Loyalist press of James Rivington. ESTC W29702. EVANS 13866. FELCONE, NEW JERSEY BOOKS 46. HOWES C285, “aa.” AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 159a. $2500.

Important Work on the Laws Governing Privateers at the Time of the Revolution

41. [Chardon, Daniel Marc Antoine]: CODE DES PRISES OUR RE- CUEIL DES ÉDITS, DÉCLARATIONS, LETTRES PATENTES, ARRÊTS, ORDONNANCES, RÈGLEMENS & DÉCISIONS SUR LA COURSE & L’ADMINISTRATION DES PRISES, DEPUIS 1400 JUSQU’À PRÉSENT. Paris. 1784. Two volumes. [4], xxxv,xxvii,610,[2]; [2],611-1230,xlii pp. Quarto. Contemporary patterned calf, spines gilt, leather labels, all edges stained red. Slight rubbing and wear, book- plate on front pastedowns. Very clean internally, with only occasional foxing or soiling. A very nice set.

An important work on French privateering law, listing the laws chronologically from 1400 to 1784. This work was compiled by Daniel Marc Antoine Chardon, who served as intendant of St. Lucia (1763), intendant of Corsica, as well as several other posts in the French government. There are many references to dealings with North American colonies and the fledgling United States. ABPC finds no copies for sale at auction in the last thirty years. A scarce and important compendium. BARBIER I:625. POLAK 1808. $6750.

42. Cleaveland, Ebenezer: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM REV. EBENEZER CLEAVELAND TO GENERAL JOHN THOM- AS, REQUESTING THAT HIS YOUNG SON REMAIN ON THE ARMY PAYROLL]. Camp at Dorchester, near Boston. Jan. 5, 1776. [1]p. Old fold lines. Minor soiling. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth clam- shell case, spine gilt.

A letter written by Rev. Ebenezer Cleaveland from the Continental Army’s en- campment at Dorchester Heights, outside of Boston, requesting that General John Thomas allow his underage son to remain on the muster rolls as his “waiter.” Cleaveland, a minister in Gloucester, Massachusetts, served as an army chaplain during the American Revolution. Here he writes from camp during the , explaining the difficult circumstances which have led him to keep his young son with him at the army’s encampment. Cleaveland had twelve children and lived on a minister’s means; in this letter he notes that financial interests require him to keep his son with him whether or not he draws pay from the army, and he finds his son to be very capable around camp. He writes:

When the alarm was made in good earnest on the memorable 19th of April, my family being exposed to the ravages of the enimy, I sent them out of town all saving my 2 sons. The eldest engaged as an officer in the Army, the other but about 12 years of age chose to tarry with me and upon my engaging in the Army he came to the camp with me and has served as a waiter and his service was so well accepted in the col[onel]s. mess that the cols. judged it just to enter him on wages and had him instated in his regiment and he has passed the muster the season past. I am urged to engage him [as] a fifer, but I know of no one waiter who will serve me every way equal to him and as my wages are small, and [I have] an expensive family and no other support, [having been] drove from my parrish and interests have at present suffered the loss of my all; and but few waiters but what would be very expensive, and I must study frugality and shall be obliged to keep him for my waiter, whether I draw provisions and wages for him or not, and tho’ he is but young yet it can be made to appear that he is not the weakest nor most incapable to act the part of a souldier, but exceeds in vigor and activity some who have five years advantage of him in age. However, I pray that if its not in your province to pass him as a souldier that your honor would so far commiserate my suffering sircumstances as to solicit his Excellency General Washington in my behalf. Had I the least thought it would injure the cause I would be silent but submit to your .

An intimate look into some of the issues facing those men who joined the Conti- nental cause. $2500.

43. [Constitutions]: RECUEIL DES LOIX CONSTITUTIVES DES COLONIES ANGLOISES, CONFÉDÉRÉES SOUS LA DÉNOM- INATION D’ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE-SEPTENTRIO- NALE. AUQUEL ON A JOINT LES ACTES...DU CONGRÈS GENERAL, TRADUIT DE L’ANGLOIS.... En Suisse [i.e. Paris]. 1778. [10],370pp. Half title. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Internally bright and crisp. Very good.

The earliest collection of the constitutions of the constituent American states published in France, and the predecessor for the more generally known translation by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld of The Constitutions of the Several Independent States of America (Philadelphia, 1781 and Paris, 1783). This work was compiled by Régnier and dedicated via a letter (printed herein) to Benjamin Franklin, who ordered the publication of the 1783 collection. Included also is an exceptionally early appearance in book form, in French, of the Declaration of Independence. An important early gathering. Interestingly, this title appears under two false imprints: the imprint “A Phila- delphie” and “En Suisse,” the latter of which the present copy bears. The practice of using false imprints during pre-Revolutionary France was a common one, and is evidence of the flexibility in the government’s relationship with the printing press – often giving the government the safety net of official denial, should any objections be raised in the face of a controversial publication. Though published in Paris, , a country popularly conceived of as a bastion of non-Monarchical and therefore liberal, even inclusively representative government, would have provided plausible support for the books’ counterfeit origin. HOWES R111, “aa.” $2500. Colonies Unite: Journal of the First Continental Congress

44. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5, 1774. Philadelphia: Printed by William and Thomas Bradford, at the London Coffee House, 1774. [4],132pp. Half title. Bound to style in three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt extra, leather label. Half title lightly soiled, contemporary ownership inscription (“Thos. Sinclair”). Light scattered foxing and soiling to text; p.15 torn at edge, not affecting text. Very good.

The Journals of the first Continental Congress, describing its meetings from Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 26, 1774, and one of the most basic documents of the American Revolution. This is the first issue of 132 pages, preceded in publication sequence only by a very rare misdated state of the titlepage. Committees of Correspondence resolved to hold a Continental Congress in June of 1774, and delegates from twelve colonies (none from Georgia) gathered in Philadelphia in the Fall. It included many of the most distinguished men in America: Samuel and John Adams, Roger Sherman, , Joseph Galloway, , , , Edmund Pendleton, and Henry Middleton, among others. The Congress succeeded in taking numerous important steps. On Oct. 14 they adopted a Declaration of Rights, and agreed to an Association governing imports and exports and boycotting British goods. They also drafted an Address to the People of Great Britain and another Address to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec. They agreed to reassemble on May 10, 1775 for what was to be the fateful Congress that broke with England. The titlepage bears the famous seal of the Congress, showing twelve hands representing the twelve participating colonies supporting a column topped with a Liberty Cap and resting on the Magna Charta. EVANS 13737. HOWES J263, “b.” NAIP w020577. HILDEBURN 3036. $35,000.

Taking Up Arms, 1775, and the

45. [Continental Congress]: THE DECLARATION BY THE REP- RESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA, NOW MET IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILA- DELPHIA, SETTING FORTH THE CAUSES AND NECESSITY OF TAKING UP ARMS.... London. 1775. vi,[3]-32pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Titlepage soiled, two drawings on final page (below the text). Tanned. Good.

One of three London editions of this important collection of Congressional papers, including the declaration of Congress issued July 6, 1775, giving reasons for taking up arms; the address to the twelve colonies on July 8, calling for support, and the Olive Branch Petition, the last attempt at conciliation, issued September 4, 1775. The first document appeared in several American editions before the British, but none combined with the Olive Branch petition. “This London edition was secretly issued, with no printer shown, as propaganda for American sympathizers” – Howes. The titlepage instructs: “read with candour; judge with impartiality.” This edition includes a “prefatory address from the London Association to the Public.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-149d. HOWES D198. SABIN 15522, 19160. $3500.

The Journals of the Second Continental Congress in the Summer of 1775

46. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, MAY 10, 1775. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by William and Thomas Bradford..., 1775. [4], iv,239pp. Half title. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Light foxing and soiling throughout, a few leaves more heavily. Very good.

The journals of the second Continental Congress, covering its activities from its convening on May 10, 1775 through adjournment on Sept. 5, 1775. The activi- ties of this summer, against the background of open conflict in Massachusetts, are among the most dramatic of the Revolutionary era. Included are reports concern- ing Lexington-Concord, the address to the inhabitants of Canada inviting them to join the other , numerous military matters, the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms, the Olive Branch Petition, the Ameri- can negotiations with the Six Nations, and other crucial material. Essentially this volume is the very crux of the beginning of the Revolution, convening a few weeks after open warfare had begun, and recording the essential shift in attitude in the Congress from conciliation to revolution. These journals, like those of the first Congress, were printed in very limited quantities and are quite rare. HOWES J264, “aa.” EVANS 14569. $42,500.

The Culmination of the First Continental Congress

47. [Continental Congress]: [American Revolution]: A LETTER TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE DELAGATES [sic] OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA. [London? 1775?]. 16pp. 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly worn. Bookplate on front pastedown; ownership stamp of John Carter Brown on verso of titlepage. Light soiling, heavier to outer leaves. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder, spine gilt.

This pamphlet marks one of the critical moments in the American Revolution, the final resolution of the First Continental Congress, passed on October 21, 1774. In it, the delegates of the Congress seek to rally support from the British public, stating the colonial reasons for the discord with Great Britain, especially the passed from March to June, 1774, and appealing to public sentiment to sup- port the American cause. The resolution was first printed in Philadelphia (only one copy is known of this separate printing). This is the second of two London editions, both quite rare. The resolution appeals to the public, saying:

You have been told that we are seditious, impatient of government, and desirous of independancy. Be assured that these are not facts, but calumnies. Permit us to be as free as yourselves, and we shall ever esteem a union with you to be our greatest glory and our greatest happiness, we shall ever be ready to contribute all in our power to the welfare of the Empire.

The Letter later appeared in the Extracts of the Votes and Proceedings... of the First Continental Congress and also in their Journal. Adams notes that the text of the Congress’ Resolution had reached England by the latter part of December 1774, and it is likely that both London editions were printed shortly thereafter. This edition is from a distinctly different setting of type from the other London edition. Adams points to its unusual type ornaments as a possible clue, without being able to identify a printer. An important document on the Revolutionary road. Only four copies located between Adams and ESTC: John Carter Brown Library, Library of Congress, Yale University, and Oxford University. ESTC N33777. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-86c. $7500.

The New Nation Sets Out Rules for the Navy: The Beginning of American Naval History

48. [Continental Congress]: EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNALS OF CONGRESS, RELATIVE TO THE CAPTURE AND CONDEM- NATION OF PRIZES, AND THE FITTING OUT PRIVATEERS; TOGETHER WITH THE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NAVY, AND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE COMMANDERS OF PRIVATE SHIPS OF WAR. Philadelphia: Printed by John Dunlap, 1776. [2],45pp. 20th-century three-quarter morocco and cloth, spine gilt, raised bands. A bit of light staining and tanning. Very good.

One of the earliest publications relating to the American Navy, and a rarity of American naval history. The Continental Navy was created on October 13, 1775, when the Continental Congress passed an act to outfit two vessels to cruise the coast and search for ships carrying materiel for the British. In order to augment this meager force the Congress also made up plans to encourage and regulate the use of privateers, who were issued commissions and letters of marque by the individual states, as well as by American agents abroad. This volume prints resolutions passed by the Continental Congress relating to the Navy between November 25, 1775 and April 3, 1776. It would have been printed shortly thereafter by John Dunlap who, a few months later, would print the Declaration of Independence. This volume contains a wide array of laws relating to the conduct of the Navy and privateers, including resolutions authorizing the capture of any ships employed in bringing British troops or military materiel to America. Private ships that wish to engage in such actions are instructed to seek an official commission from the Congress. The individual states are advised to establish special courts to adjudicate the prizes, and any appeals would be made to the Continental Congress. On April 3rd, in a bid to bring even more privateers into service, the Congress resolved that “blank commissions for private ships of war and letters of marque and reprisal” be sent to the assemblies of the various states. The text also prints the “Rules for the regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies,” passed by the Congress on November 28, 1775, which established regulations for most aspects of the Navy, from the duties and responsibilities of captains and other officers, rules for courts martial, daily provisions for sailors, etc. Also included are specific rules governing the actions of American privateers. We note only two copies of this volume at auction in the past thirty-five years. Rare on the market. EVANS 15154. NAIP w032250. HILDEBURN 3362. COHEN 7535. SABIN 15527, 23526. BRIN- LEY SALE 4112. $17,500.

The Extremely Rare Original Printing of the Congressional Journals for Early 1776: The “Cartridge Paper” Edition

49. [Continental Congress]: THE JOURNALS OF THE PROCEED- INGS OF CONGRESS. HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, FROM JANUARY TO MAY, 1776. Philadelphia: Printed by R. Aitken, 1776. Four parts bound in one volume. [2],93; 70; 73-146; 147-237pp. Original drab pa- per boards. Corners lightly worn, some soiling. Text lightly toned with some scattered foxing. Closed tear to p.113 of third part. Discreet library release stamp on rear pastedown. Very good, in original condition. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

Through 1775 the Bradford family had the contract to print the Journals of Con- gress, but beginning with these Journals the contract was moved to Robert Aitken. He issued these Journals in monthly parts, although whole runs generally disposed with the monthly titles issued in February and March (as here; none were issued in January and April). After April, Aitken was told to cease publication. According to his “Waste Book” at the Library Company of Philadelphia, Aitken sold a total of eighty copies of this edition. In the fall of 1776, Congress charged Aitken to reprint all of its earlier Journals from 1774 through April 1776 as the first volume of a collected journals of Congress. With this publication in the works (it ultimately appeared with a 1777 imprint), Aitken disposed of the leftover original January to April edition as waste paper to the Army to be used for cartridges – hence the name “Cartridge Paper” edition. Given that only eighty copies survived, this is possibly the rarest of all early Journals of Congress. Needless to say, the Journals of the first four months of 1776 cover some of the most critical early moments of the Revolution. Included are communications with Washington at Boston, provisions for raising troops and supplies to fight the war, the beginning of sanctioning privateering, discussion of Indian relations, information from and letters to Committees of Correspondence, first actions against Loyalists, discussions of the failure of the assault on Canada, and many other things relative to the conduct of the war. EVANS 15145. $25,000. The Yorktown Edition of the Journals of Congress

50. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAIN- ING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM JANUARY 1, 1776, TO JANU- ARY 1, 1777. York-town, Pa.: Printed by John Dunlap, 1778. [2],520,xxvii pp. Modern calf, spine gilt. Contemporary inscription on titlepage, recto and verso. Light foxing and toning throughout. Dark but not disfiguring stain along top edge of volume, affecting the middle pages in the upper margin. A good, solid copy of this work.

This volume of the Journals of Congress is one of the rarest of the series issued from 1774 to 1788, and has a peculiar and romantic publication history. Textually it covers the exciting events of 1776, culminating with the Declaration of Inde- pendence on July 4, an early printing of which appears here, as well as all of the other actions of Congress for the year. It is thus a vital document in the history of American independence and the American Revolution. Through the middle of 1777 the printer of the Journals of Congress was Robert Aitken of Philadelphia. In 1777 he published the first issue of the Journals for 1776, under his own imprint. This was completed in the spring or summer. In the fall of 1777 the British campaign under Howe forced the Congress to evacuate Philadelphia, moving first to Lancaster and then to York, Pennsylvania. The fleeing Congress took with it what it could, but, not surprisingly, was unable to remove many copies of its printed Journals, which would have been bulky and difficult to transport. Presumably, any left behind in Philadelphia were destroyed by the Brit- ish, accounting for the particular scarcity of those volumes today. Among the material evacuated from Philadelphia were the printed sheets of pages 1-424 of the 1776 Journals, printed by Aitken. Having lost many complete copies in Philadelphia, and not having the terminal sheets to make up more copies, Congress resolved to reprint the remainder of the volume. Aitken had not evacu- ated his equipment, but John Dunlap, the printer of the original Declaration, had. Congress thus appointed Dunlap as the new printer to Congress on May 2, 1778. Dunlap then reprinted the rest of the volume (coming out to a slightly different pagination from Aitken’s version). He added to this a new titlepage, under his im- print at York, with a notice on the verso of his appointment as printer to Congress. This presumably came out between his appointment on May 2 and the return of Congress to Philadelphia in July 1778. Because of Dunlap’s name on the titlepage, it has often been erroneously as- sumed that this volume contains a printing of the Declaration of Independence by Dunlap. In fact, that appears in the section of the original Aitken printing. Evans has further muddied the waters by the ghost entry of Evans 15685, ascribing a Dunlap, York printing to 1777. In fact, there is only one Dunlap version, Evans 16137, with the 1778 date. A great Revolutionary rarity. EVANS 15685, 16137. HILDEBURN 3727. NAIP w020598. MATYAS, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09b. $17,500.

Memorializing the Battle of Lexington and Concord

51. Cooke, Samuel: THE VIOLENT DESTROYED: AND OP- PRESSED DELIVERED. A SERMON, PREACHED AT LEXING- TON, APRIL 19, 1777. FOR A MEMORIAL OF THE BLOODY TRAGEDY, BARBAROUSLY ACTED, BY A PARTY OF BRITISH TROOPS, IN THAT TOWN AND THE ADJACENT, APRIL 19, 1775. Boston: Draper & Phillips, 1777. 31pp. Modern blue paper wrappers. Light toning and foxing. Contemporary notations and ownership markings. Very good. Lacks the half title. In a half morocco box.

Sermon preached by Cambridge pastor Samuel Cooke commemorating the two-year anniversary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, where the opening shots of the Revolutionary War were fired. A graduate of Harvard College whose rhetori- cal skills had often been solicited for political events, Cooke used this occasion to provocatively argue scriptural comparisons between American revolutionaries and the embattled Israelites. He paints the British as modern-day cousins of the Amelek, a biblical tribe he describes as a “rapacious band” whose “violence was attended with dastardly cruelty and savage barbarity.” In the most pointed moment of his sermon, Cooke says of the events at Lexington: “That horrid scene, is instamped upon all our breasts, in characters of blood!” EVANS 15279. SABIN 16350. $5000. Military Instructions in Philadelphia, 1776

52. Dalrymple, Campbell: EXTRACTS FROM A MILITARY ESSAY, CONTAINING: REFLECTIONS ON THE RAISING, ARMING, CLOATHING AND DISCIPLINE OF THE BRITISH INFANTRY AND CAVALRY. Philadelphia: Humphreys, Bell and Aitken, 1776. 31pp. plus eight engraved plates (two folding). Contemporary calf boards, neatly rebacked in matching style, leather label. Slight wear to boards. Moderate foxing and slight dampstaining, outer edge of one plate soiled. Very good.

First American edition of an important work on military issues, with interesting implications for the American Revolution, published almost concurrently with the Declaration of Independence. The text and plates cover a variety of topics, includ- ing marching, maneuvering, camping, attacking, and retreating. The unusual joint imprint of three Philadelphia printers is even more peculiar because Bell and Aitken are well known for their attachment to the Revolutionary cause, and Humphreys was a Loyalist who fled Philadelphia when the British evacuated in 1778. EVANS 14726. SABIN 18345. $5000.

53. Day, Thomas: REFLEXIONS UPON THE PRESENT STATE OF ENGLAND, AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF AMERICA. Lon- don: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1782. [4],102pp. Modern red morocco by San- gorski and Sutcliffe, spine gilt, t.e.g. Inking error during printing on p.33, costing about nine words in the final three lines of text. Small old institutional stamp on titlepage, else very clean internally. Very good.

The second edition, published the same year as the first, and printed from the same setting of type as the first edition. Day (1748-89) was a remarkably intelligent and provocative Englishman. The DNB states that he was “A holder and practitioner of strange ideas, a perpetual optimist and a profound pessimist, a philanthropist and a misanthrope, an opponent of organized charity but a soft touch for those on the cadge, a preacher and an iconoclast, and above all a recluse who found it almost impossible to keep out of the limelight, Day was a strange bundle of contradic- tions.” In 1773 he co-wrote The Dying Negro, a long poem narrating the tale of a runaway slave, and in 1776 he published another poem, The Devoted Legions, in support of the cause of the American colonists and critical of English government policy. In the present work Day asserts that England must make peace with the colonists, and implores the government to make a peace treaty with the American representatives currently in London. At the time Day happened to be acting as an unpaid private secretary to , one of the American peace negotiators. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 82-28b. SABIN 18986. HOWES D164. $900.

A Signer of the Declaration Signs Another Document on July 8, 1776: About as Close as You Can Get

54. [Declaration of Independence]: [Pennsylvania]: Morton, John: [DOC- UMENT SIGNED BY JOHN MORTON, BEING A PRINTED FORM, COMPLETED IN MANUSCRIPT, APPOINTING DAVID JOHNSTON TO A MILITARY COMMAND IN THE PENNSYL- VANIA MILITIA DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. [Np, but Philadelphia]. July 8, 1776. Broadside, 8 x 10 inches. Old fold lines. Separation along vertical fold repaired and reinforced. Minor paper loss in center of document also repaired and reinforced, minutely affecting three let- ters of text. Left edge trimmed closely, affecting first word of each line. Light soiling. Signature clear and distinct. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case.

Partially printed broadside, completed in manuscript, appointing David Johnston, Gentleman, “third lieutenant of a company of foot in the fifth Battalion of Asso- ciators in the County of Cumberland...for the protection of this province, against all hostile enterprizes, and for the defence of American Liberty.” The document is signed by John Morton (1725-77), a signer of the Declaration of Independence a few days earlier, in his capacity as the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly. “Morton played a significant role in Pennsylvania’s movement toward independence. As Quaker assemblymen grew less willing to support ever-stronger resistance mea- sures in 1775, Morton was part of the crucial Chester County assembly delegation, which provided the slim margin of support for organizing a state militia. Morton tried unsuccessfully to preserve political unity in Pennsylvania as the decision for independence was forced on the assembly in 1776. Although he acknowledged that the colonial assembly was too slow to support independence, Morton opposed the new government organized under the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. He believed that the state constitutional convention exceeded its popular support by establishing a radically different form of government for the province and by temporarily serving as a state government. He served as a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses and signed the Declaration of Independence, making possible Pennsylvania’s three-to-two vote in favor of withdrawal from the British Empire. He chaired the congressional committee that wrote the Articles of Confederation, although he did not live to see them ratified” – ANB. Since Morton died less than nine months after the Declaration, the first Signer to die, his signature post-Independence is rare, and any Signer in 1776 is desirable. This document, however, is about as close as one can come to a Signer’s signature on July 4, 1776. Since 1975, only seven letters or documents have come on the market signed by Signers in July 1776. The famous letter of July 4, the only one by any Signer actually written on the day, sold for $400,000 at the Doheny sale in 1989. The next closest, a Robert Morris letter of July 6, sold for $7500 at the Maass sale in 1999. The present document is the next closest to these, on July 8. Letters of Arthur Middleton and William Ellery, both of July 10, sold for $80,000 in 2008 and $110,000 in 1990. After this comes the famed Doheny- Copley document of July 12, signed by Button Gwinnett and five other Signers, which realized $190,000 at Doheny and is estimated at $500,000 to $700,000 in Sotheby’s April 14, 2010 sale. Distinguished company indeed. This document, from the Copley Library col- lection, has never appeared for public sale. ANB 15, p.951. $20,000.

55. [Dickinson, John]: LETTERS FROM A FARMER IN PENNSYLVA- NIA, TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE BRITISH COLONIES. Boston: Printed by Mein and Fleming, 1768. 146,[2]pp. Half title. Contem- porary calf, raised bands, gilt label (rubbed but still visible). Calf rubbed and corners bumped. Upper inch of half title torn away, minor insect damage to bottom of free front endpaper and half title. Light foxing. Early ownership signature on front free endpaper, contemporary manuscript correction in first page of text. Overall, a very good copy, in original condition.

The first Boston edition of this famous tract, preceded by the Philadelphia edi- tion issued early in the same month. This copy conforms to Adams’ state II, with seven lines of text on page 55 and the added “To the ingenious Author...” on T2. First published in three Pennsylvania newspapers in December of the preceding year, Dickinson’s Letters... were reprinted whole or in part in virtually every other newspaper in the English Colonies. In book form, almost a dozen different print- ings appeared in the next half decade, and Howes characterizes this work as the “earliest serious study into colonial legal rights.” EVANS 10876. HOWES D329. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 54c. SABIN 20044. $5000.

Infecting the Rebels with Smallpox

56. Donkin, Robert, Major: MILITARY COLLECTIONS AND RE- MARKS. New York. 1777. [4],vi,[22],264pp. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Corners and hinges rubbed. Paragraph on p.190 neatly excised, as is usual. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

Written by a British Army officer serving in America, who states in the preface that subscriptions to the book will go to the widows and orphans of “the valiant soldiers...butchered when peaceably marching to and from Concord the 19th April 1775, by the rebels.” It contains many notes and anecdotes regarding the American Revolution. The portion of page 190 that is usually excised or mutilated (as in this copy) proposes that arrows dipped in smallpox be shot at the American rebels. A rare work, this being the only edition noted by Howes. HOWES D422, “b.” SABIN 20598. EVANS 15289. $6500.

One of the First Voices Against the Stamp Act

57. [Dulany, Daniel]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROPRIETY OF IMPOSING TAXES IN THE BRITISH COLONIES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING A REVENUE, BY ACT OF PAR- LIAMENT. North America, Printed; London, Re-printed. 1766. [6],81,[1] pp. (p.81 misnumbered “69”). Modern half roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor soiling. Very good.

This is the first London edition, published after the rare first American edition of 1765, with the same text. Adams notes that this edition was “printed by William Strahan on the order of Benjamin Franklin....” Dulany, a Maryland lawyer, opposed the Stamp Act on the grounds that the theory of virtual representation did not apply to the colonies. His work was of importance in raising further opposition to the internal taxation of the British North American colonies. William Pitt is said to have been strongly influenced by Dulany’s opinions, and their author was publicly acknowledged by him. SABIN 21170. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 11f. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-6b. HOWES D550. BAILYN, PAMPHLETS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 13. $1250.

Ellsworth Authorizes the Militia at the Beginning of the Revolution

58. Ellsworth, Oliver: [AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY OLIVER ELLSWORTH AND THOMAS SEYMOUR, AUTHO- RIZING PAYMENT TO THE FAIRFIELD MILITIA DURING THE FIRST MONTHS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Hartford. Nov. 30, 1775. [1]p., measuring 6 x 8 inches, ten lines of text; docketed on verso. Old fold lines. Minor soiling Near fine.

Key manuscript document, written and signed by Oliver Ellsworth, revealing the interaction between the colonies during the earliest stages of the American Revo- lution, and the financial interchanges that fueled the rebellion. Ellsworth served in several Connecticut government positions during the Revolution, including as a delegate to the Continental Congress. He was one of the five-member committee that drafted the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in 1787, playing an important role in the drafting of the Connecticut Compromise, which gave equal representation to large and small states in the Senate; Ellsworth left the Conven- tion, however, before the final draft was completed and is not counted among the Signers. He subsequently served as a U.S. Senator (1789-96) and as the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Following the alarm raised by the battles at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militiamen from across the colonies gathered at Boston – this body would become the Continental Army, and the Revolutionary War had begun. In this docu- ment, Ellsworth and Thomas Seymour authorize Connecticut Treasurer Jonathan Lawrence to “Pay the Select Men of Fairfield Five pounds Five Shilling & nine pence in Bills – in part the Expence of the Inhabitants of sd. Town who marched towards Boston & to N. York in Alarm last Spring – & Necessaries supplied the Rifle Battalion marching thru this colony to camp at Cambridge....” Signed by Ellsworth and Seymour on the recto, and by Thaddeus Burr, acknowledging receipt of the funds, on the verso, along with docketing. A wonderful piece, in lovely condition, from the opening months of the Revolu- tion. $1350. 59. [Franklin, Benjamin]: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. NÉ À BOSTON, DANS LA NOUVELLE ANGLETERRE LE 17 JANVIER 1706 [cap- tion title]. [Augsburg: Johann Martin Will, ca. 1778]. Mezzotint portrait, 17¾ x 12¼ inches. Negligible soiling. Wide margins. Near fine.

Portrait of Benjamin Franklin engraved by Johann Martin Will after the original image by Charles-Nicolas Cochin. The portrait shows Franklin standing, wearing a fur hat and spectacles, facing right in three-quarter length profile. In his left hand he holds a sheet of paper, while his right hand gestures to the writing desk before him; an ink stand and quill are also present, along with a stack of correspondence. The original engraving by Cochin merely shows Franklin’s head, topped with his famous fur hat, but many imitators embraced this image after its initial publication. Franklin’s portrait was created upon his arrival in France as a commissioner from the newly independent United States. Sellers says of the image: “Because of it, the sensational fact of Franklin’s arrival in France and the sensational costume which so effectively dramatized his role as envoy from the New World to the Old reached every part of Europe, creating an image of tremendous value to Franklin’s purpose.” A nice variant of this iconic and historically important image. SELLERS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN PORTRAITURE, pp.227-31. $4000.

A Leading Loyalist Tract

60. [Galloway, Joseph]: A CANDID EXAMINATION OF THE MU- TUAL CLAIMS OF GREAT-BRITAIN, AND THE COLONIES: WITH A PLAN OF ACCOMMODATION, ON CONSTITU- TIONAL PRINCIPLES. New York: James Rivington, 1775. [2],62pp. Antique three-quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

An important Loyalist tract from the leading Loyalist printer. It is described by Howes as “one of the most famous Tory tracts, upholding unlimited Parliamentary supremacy. In several colonies copies were officially burned.” Galloway later fled America for England. This copy is one (probably the first) of two states, without the errata on the verso of the titlepage. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 164. EVANS 14059. SABIN 26422. HOWES G34. $4500.

61. [Galloway, Joseph]: COOL THOUGHTS ON THE CONSE- QUENCES TO GREAT BRITAIN OF AMERICAN INDEPEN- DENCE. ON THE EXPENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE SETTLEMENT AND DEFENCE OF THE AMERICAN COLO- NIES. ON THE VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE AMERI- CAN COLONIES AND THE WEST INDIES TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1780 [i.e. 1779]. [2],70pp. Lacks the half title. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling. Very good. In a red half morocco and cloth folder.

An important pamphlet by the Pennsylvania Tory, pointing out why Great Brit- ain should hold onto the colonies. Galloway was the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. HOWES G36. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-42:1a. SABIN 26425. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 326. $1250.

62. [Galloway, Joseph]: A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD VISCOUNT H–E, ON HIS NAVAL CONDUCT IN THE AMERICAN WAR. London. 1779. [4],50,[1]pp. Half title. Dbd. Fine.

First edition. Galloway, a leading Loyalist, criticizes the actions of Admiral Viscount Richard Howe, brother of Gen. William Howe, during the American Revolution. In 1780-81, Galloway printed a series of eight letters which appeared in the Lon- don Chronicle, signed “,” charging the Admiral with gross misconduct in his failed operations during the war. This pamphlet addresses Howe’s conduct during the 1776-79 period, when Howe was battling the French fleet and the smaller American forces. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-43a. HOWES G42. $750.

63. [Galloway, Joseph]: LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN ON THE CON- DUCT OF THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES. London: J. Wilkie, 1779. viii,101pp. plus folding map and advertisement leaf. Antique- style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Some light offsetting to map and titlepage, else quite clean internally. Very good.

The second edition of this important work on the campaign of Gen. Howe, 1777- 78, by the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. “Written to demonstrate the shameful misconduct of the English generals in the American war” – Sabin. The map, “A Plan of the Operations of the British & Rebel Army, in the Campaign, 1777,” shows the region around the Schuylkill, Delaware, and Brandywine rivers, with an inset of Mud Island Fort. HOWES G43. SABIN 26436. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-44b. $1500.

64. [Galloway, Joseph]: A REPLY TO THE OBSERVATIONS OF LIEUT. GEN. SIR WILLIAM HOWE, ON A PAMPHLET, EN- TITLED LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN: IN WHICH HIS MIS- REPRESENTATIONS ARE DETECTED, AND THOSE LET- TERS ARE SUPPORTED, BY A VARIETY OF NEW MATTER AND ARGUMENT. London. 1780. [4],149,[1]pp. Handsome modern three-quarter morocco and cloth, spine gilt. A fine copy, untrimmed, with the bookplate of William L. Clements.

First London edition, after the very rare New York printing of 1777 (most copies of that edition were destroyed by a New York mob) and another of 1780. Galloway, former Loyalist “Superintendent” of Philadelphia during the British occupation of 1777-78, herein replies to Gen. Howe’s Observations..., preaching to him on how he could have won the war. In spite of its combative tone, the pamphlet does provide important details on the Revolution in 1777-78, the nature of the countryside, etc. Galloway attacks Howe’s defense that he was forced to fight in forests by stating that at least two-thirds and in many places five-sixths of the of the area in question was cleared farmland. HOWES G48. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-35a. SABIN 26443. $1500.

65. [Galloway, Joseph]: LETTERS FROM CICERO TO CATILINE THE SECOND. WITH CORRECTIONS AND EXPLANATORY NOTES. London. 1781. vii,[1],104pp. Half title. Modern plain wrappers. Internally fresh and near fine.

Galloway, an American Tory from Pennsylvania, herein attacks Charles James Fox and the leaders of the Opposition in Parliament for their American policies. He also attacks Sir William Howe and Admiral Lord Howe for their ineffectual leadership in military and naval actions against the Americans. This copy bears a contemporary manuscript note on the half title indicating the date of acquisition. SABIN 26433. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-26. $750.

The Revolution in South Carolina

66. Garden, Alexander: ANECDOTES OF THE AMERICAN REVO- LUTION, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE TALENTS AND VIRTUES OF THE HEROES AND PATRIOTS, WHO ACTED THE MOST CONSPICUOUS PARTS THEREIN. Charleston. 1828. ix,[3],240pp. Modern half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Library ink stamp on verso of titlepage. Minor scattered foxing and toning. About very good.

The second series, much more uncommon than the first, which was published in 1822. An important source for the Revolution in the South. Garden interviewed many participants in events. HOWES G61, “aa.” SABIN G26598. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 33320. $1000.

Detailed Marching Orders from General

67. Gates, Horatio: [AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY GEN- ERAL HORATIO GATES, TRANSMITTING ORDERS AND IN- STRUCTIONS TO BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN PATERSON]. Danbury, Ct. Oct. 20, 1778. [2]pp. on a quarto sheet. Inlaid in a later paper sheet. Discreet tissue repair at edge. Old fold lines. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Orders written and signed by American general Horatio Gates, the victor of Sara- toga, commanding Brigadier General John Paterson to march his brigade from Danbury to Hartford, where he is to await further orders. Gates provides detailed instructions as to the route Paterson should follow; he also prescribes the route that should be taken if Paterson’s further orders send him to Boston. He writes: “As you will not be hurried in your march, the strictest discipline is recommended, sending your commissaries, & quarter masters, forward, to make provisions of fire wood, particularly, to prevent the burning the fences of the inhabitants. Your own experience renders it unnecessary for me to add more.” Horatio Gates (ca. 1727-1806) was a British-born army officer who served with Gen. Braddock during the . He was part of the ill-fated (along with George Washington) to capture Fort Duquesne in and retake the Ohio Valley in 1755. When the Revolutionary War broke out, Gates offered his services to Washington, and was in command of the Northern Department at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, an important victory for the Con- tinental Army. His signature is scarce. $5750.

With a Portrait of John Hancock

68. [George, Daniel]: BICKERSTAFF’S BOSTON ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR REDEMPTION, 1777.... Boston: Printed by John Boyle, [1776]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Lightly foxed. Very good.

Revolutionary-era Boston almanac, containing a brief biography and portrait of John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress. It also includes a listing of the “Roads to the principal towns on the continent, &c. from Boston: with the names of those who keep houses of entertainment.” “Attributed by Evans to Ezra Gleason. However, the eclipse notes and the calendar pages are identical in content and typography with those in An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord and Saviour, 1777, by Daniel George (Boston: Draper & Phillips), except that the verse headings differ at the top of the calendar pages and a few changes appear in the text....Since both almanacs are clearly by George, being identical apart from these few slight variations, one or the other is evidently a revised issue” – NAIP. DRAKE 3265. EVANS 14776. NAIP w036466. $1750.

69. Glascott, Cradock, Rev.: THE BEST METHOD OF PUTTING AN END TO THE AMERICAN WAR. BEING THE SUBSTANCE OF A SERMON PREACHED ON THE 13th OF DECEMBER, 1776.... London. 1776. [3]-31pp. Lacks the half title. Later plain wrappers. Titlepage a bit soiled, lightly tanned. Leaf A8 torn in upper inner corner, not affecting text. Good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

Glascott’s solution seems to be for both sides to humble themselves before God, and to receive his wisdom in settling the conflict. “A silly thing” – Sabin. Includes an address by Henry Peckwell lamenting the revolution in America and attacking the Administration. Rare on the market, only the second copy we have had. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-54. SABIN 27548. $950.

The First Isaiah Thomas Almanac

70. [Gleason, Ezra]: THOMAS’S NEW-ENGLAND ALMANACK; OR, THE MASSACHUSETTS CALENDAR, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST, 1775. Boston: Printed and sold by Isaiah Thomas, [1774]. [24]pp., including a full-page woodcut, and a woodcut on the seventeenth page. Stitched. Final leaf chipped at foredge, affecting just the edges of the words in the middle of the leaf. Closed tear on ninth leaf, affecting approximately six words. Last five leaves stained. Good.

This almanac is the first to have Isaiah Thomas’ name on it as the printer. Thomas was one of the most successful printers in America during the 18th century, and was highly-regarded for the of his typography and printing, and for the sheer quantity of materials he published. Thomas assembled one of the most im- pressive libraries in America, which he used in 1810 to write History of Printing in America and to establish the American Antiquarian Society in 1812; he served as the president from its founding till his death. Evans attributes the writing of this almanac to Ezra Gleason. Included in this almanac is “The Life and Adventures of a Female Soldier,” the story of Hannah Snell, who disguised herself as a man in order to serve in the British Navy. A woodcut shows her in military attire holding a rifle. The “American Congress Association” lists the fourteen articles of non-consumption, non-importation, and non-exportation adopted by the colonies in response to heavy taxation and injustice by England. The woodcut on the first page is of an astronomer with his instruments. DRAKE 3250. EVANS 13299. NAIP w025487. $1750.

71. [Hall, John]: THE HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. London: T. Payne and Son, 1780. [4],413,[6]pp. plus folding map. Half title. Later three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities worn. Later armorial bookplate on front pastedown. Map with small tear at gutter margin. Very minor foxing and soiling. About very good.

The author was an officer under General Howe, serving around New York and in New Jersey in 1776-77. His account of the war continues to the departure of General Howe in June 1778. Howes lists the work under Captain John Hall, not- ing the possibility that Captain William C. Hall may have been the author. An excellent map of the New York-New Jersey theatre of war accompanies the work. A rare British view of the war. HOWES H84, “aa.” SABIN 29740. ESTC T45612. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-40a. $2500. Hanway Beats Paine to a Title

72. [Hanway, Jonas]: COMMON SENSE: IN NINE CONFERENCES, BETWEEN A BRITISH MERCHANT AND A CANDID MER- CHANT OF AMERICA, IN THEIR PRIVATE CAPACITIES AS FRIENDS; TRACING THE SEVERAL CAUSES OF THE PRES- ENT CONTESTS BETWEEN THE MOTHER COUNTRY AND HER AMERICAN SUBJECTS.... London: J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall; and Brotherton and Sewel, 1775. x,117pp. Quarto. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Worm track in lower gutter of second half, not affecting any text. Overall, a large, handsome, near fine copy. Untrimmed and unopened.

Hanway as a merchant and British patriot looked askance at what was happening in the American colonies. His message was well meaning, but his tone, as when he writes of the colonists as “every day growing more civilized, and more agreeable fellow subjects,” must have seemed patronizing. The text, as explained in the title, is in the form of a dialogue between a British and American merchant, in which the nature of sovereign authority, taxation, trade, and the pros and cons of seeking independence are discussed in a friendly and amicable way. There is, of course, no question for Hanway as to which side common sense must come down upon. “Arguments supposed to have converted the ‘candid’ Yankee seem quite unconvinc- ing” – Howes. It is unclear if Thomas Paine knew of Hanway’s title, but it remains a trifle ironic that within a few months Paine published his famous work. SABIN 14998. HOWES C646, “aa.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-29. HIGGS 6321. Taylor, Jonas Hanway. Founder of the Marine Society, p.230. $5000.

Signer of the Declaration from New Jersey

73. Hart, John: [AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY JOHN HART, DETAILING A DEBT TO BE PAID TO ACHSAH LAM- BERT, WITH LATER NOTATIONS ON THE DEBT]. [Np, but near Trenton]. Sept. 16, 1772. [2]pp. plus 3 x 3-inch attached note. Folio. Old fold lines. Some light soiling. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Document written and signed by John Hart, signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence from New Jersey, detailing the terms of a debt of £42 owed to Achsah Lambert (a woman); it is witnessed and signed by another woman, Elisabeth Smith. John Hart (1714-79) was a New Jersey politician and judge, as well as a Signer. He attended every session of New Jersey’s extralegal , from 1774 to 1776, sat on New Jersey’s Committee of Safety, serving as its treasurer. He served as Speaker of the state legislature from 1777 until his death. Achsah Lambert seems to have been a woman of some means who owned several acres in and around Trenton. The bond reads:

Know all men by these presents that I John Hart of the township of Hopewell in the County of Huntsdon and western division of the provence of New Hersey are held and firmly bound unto Achsah Lambert of the township of Notingham in the county of Burlington and povence [sic] aforesaid in the just and full sum of forty two pounds good and lawful money of the said povince [sic] and for the payment thereof to be well and truly paid and done I do hereby find myselfe my heirs, executors and administrators firmly sealed with my seal and dated this sixteenth day of September in the year of oure Lord one thousand seven hundred and sevinty two 1772. The conduct of this obligation is such that if the above bounden John Hart himself, his heirs, executors or administrators shall and do well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the above named Achsah Lambert or to her certain attorney, her heirs, executors or administrators or assigns the just and full sum of twenty one pounds like money as above mentioned and that on or before the sixteenth day of September next insuring the date hereof together with lawfull interest for the same without any let fraud or delay than this present obligation is to be void but otherwise to stand and remain in full fore power and virtue in the law.

On the integral leaf Hart has docketed it with the notation: “John Hart obligations £21-0-0.” A later note below his docketing reads: “Mentioned in inventory of the estate, ‘Desperate.’” At the top of the leaf, Achsah Lambert has signed the docu- ment, noting that on May 24, 1776, she received £5/17/8 from Hart. The next notation below that signs the bond over to Lambert Cadwalader on May 19, 1781, also signed by Achsah Lambert and witnessed by two people (one of them a woman). A further notation reassigns the bond from Cadwalader back to Lambert just a few months later, on Aug. 7, 1781. It is likewise signed by Cadwalader, a prominent New Jersey merchant and representative to both the Continental and U.S. Congress. The note that accompanies the document appears to be in Achsah Lambert’s hand. It reads: “This bond was assigned to L. Cadwalader by Miss Achsah Lambert in 1781 in order to prevent its being pd. in Continental money, and re-assigned to her by him in the same year. I believe the money will never be recovered.” Hart’s estates were ravaged by the British during the Revolution, which may have contributed to his delinquency. An interesting document, signed by more than one colonial New Jersey woman, and two important New Jersey politicians. $3500.

With Each Printed Letter Signed in Manuscript by the Author

74. Hartley, David: LETTERS ON THE AMERICAN WAR. AD- DRESSED TO THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL THE MAYOR AND CORPORATION...OF THE TOWN OF KINGSTON-UPON- HULL. London. 1779. [2],ii,92pp. Quarto. 19th-century half roan and cloth, spine gilt. Binding lightly worn, cloth a bit bubbled. Titlepage soiled, with a small tear in upper edge. Final two leaves stained and foxed. Good.

The third edition of this important and popular work, printed from the same setting of type as the first and second editions. In this copy (as in the first edition held by the John Carter Brown Library) Hartley has signed his name in manuscript at the conclusion of each letter. The “Introductory Address” is also signed by Hartley in manuscript. David Hartley, a member of Parliament and expert on economic issues, was a leading advocate of reconciliation with the colonies. This work consists of four long letters, giving a detailed history of the political events and missteps leading up to the American Declaration of Independence, and the political and military responses of the North Administration. Hartley’s Letters went through eight edi- tions in 1778-79. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-41d. HOWES H266. SABIN 30689. $950.

75. [Henley, David]: PROCEEDINGS OF A COURT MARTIAL, HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, BY ORDER OF MAJOR GENERAL HEATH, COMMANDING THE AMERICAN TROOPS FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT, FOR THE TRIAL OF COLONEL DAVID HENLEY, ACCUSED BY GENERAL BURGOYNE, OF ILL TREATMENT OF THE BRITISH SOLDIERS, &c..... Lon- don. 1778. [2],120,113-47,[1]pp. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Spine lightly faded and rubbed; corners lightly worn. Mod- ern bookplate on front pastedown; old ink stamp at bottom of first page. Minor foxing and soiling, but text generally quite clean. Very good.

The first British edition, after the American first (printed in Boston) of the same year. The captive British general Burgoyne, while held prisoner in Boston follow- ing the battle of Saratoga, charged that in settling an incident among the British prisoners, American colonel Henley “thought proper to make prisoners eighteen innocent men, and to reject the guilty one. The innocent men are sent on board guard-ships, as alleged by your order.” The court-martial, presided over by Gen. Glover, found the charges to be unsubstantiated. Relatively scarce. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-44. SABIN 31344. HOWES H412, “aa.” ESTC N20117. $1000.

Boston Massacre Oration

76. Hichborn, Benjamin: AN ORATION, DELIVERED MARCH 5th, 1777, AT THE REQUEST OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON; TO COMMEMORATE THE BLOODY TRAGEDY OF THE FIFTH OF MARCH, 1770. Boston: Printed by Edges and Gill, 1777. 18pp. Half title. Dbd. Light soiling and foxing. Small hole in half title, not affecting text; repaired with contemporary paper on verso. About very good. In a cloth slipcase.

Hichborn delivered the seventh annual oration on the anniversary of the , following such eminences as John Hancock and Joseph Warren, who preceded him in earlier years. Hichborn, a Bostonian fairly radical in his , proclaims that civil liberty is “not ‘a government by laws’ made agreeable to charters, bills of rights or compacts, but a power existing in the people at large, at any time, for any cause, or for no cause, but their own sovereign pleasure, to alter or anni- hilate both the mode and the of any former government, and adopt a new one in its stead.” This was the first Boston Massacre oration after the declaration of independence. The text concludes with a five-stanza poem in honor of George Washington. Scarce. EVANS 15363. NAIP w021496. SABIN 31689. GEPHART 4313. $3500.

The First Great Argument Against the Stamp Act

77. [Hopkins, Stephen]: THE GRIEVANCES OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES CANDIDLY EXAMINED. London. 1766. 47,[1]pp. 20th- century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

First London edition, second issue, after the first Providence edition of the same year. The first major defense of the colonial protest of the Stamp Act, on the grounds that laws and restrictions that hamper profitable trade from the West Indies benefit neither the colonies nor Great Britain. “It also contains an early suggestion for a form of federal government...” – Lapidus. A signer of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, former governor of Rhode Island, and first chancellor of Brown University, Hopkins is considered the driving force behind the Revolutionary movement in Rhode Island. Adams suggests both editions may actually have been printed in 1765. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-12b. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 65-12a (ref ). SABIN 32967. DAB IX, pp.219-20. LAPIDUS, LIBERTY & THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, p.36. $3500.

78. Hubley, Bernard: THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLU- TION, INCLUDING THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF THE HONOURABLE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS DURING THAT PERIOD AND ALSO, THE MOST INTERESTING LETTERS AND ORDERS OF HIS EXCELLEN- CY GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON, COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE AMERICAN FORCES...VOLUME I [all pub- lished]. Northumberland, Pa.: Printed for the author, by Andrew Kennedy, 1805. iv,606pp. plus eight extra pages, each numbered 192, inserted between pages 192 and 193; and errata leaf. Contemporary calf, spine gilt. Contempo- rary calf, neatly rebacked, original spine laid down. Old ownership inscriptions on front pastedown. Marginal loss to p.33, not affecting text. Light foxing and toning throughout. Still, about very good, and in original condition.

An important early history of the American Revolution, and the first American history of the Revolution based on documentary sources. Bernard Hubley served as a first lieutenant and as a captain in the German Battalion during the American Revolution. He wrote this history based on his own papers, the journals and papers of other officers, and on material supplied him by Gen. Edward Hand, adjutant general of the army. Hubley interweaves his narrative with excerpts from his multi- farious sources. Doubtless planned as a multi-volume work, this first volume takes the story from 1774 through October 1775. Hubley died in 1808. The present copy is likely an early issue of the work, with Hubley’s first name incorrectly spelled “Benrard” on the titlepage, and with “honourable” on the titlep- age spelled with a “u.” “A scarce and important history” – Sabin. HOWES B759, “b.” SABIN 33473. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 8659. HEITMAN, p.306. $2000.

Letter from a Signer of the Declaration of Independence

79. Huntington, Samuel: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM SAMUEL HUNTINGTON TO JEREMIAH WADSWORTH RE- GARDING WADSWORTH’S ACCOUNTS]. Philadelphia. July 23, 1780. [2]pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. A few small chips and tears at edges. Very minor soiling. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case.

Samuel Huntington, signer of the Declaration of Independence, writes to Col. Jeremiah Wadsworth, who served in both the Continental and U.S. congresses. Huntington also served as president of the Continental Congress, and was the third governor of Connecticut, serving for ten years, until his death in 1793. Jeremiah Wadsworth, a fellow Connecticut citizen, was a shrewd businessman who served as commissary general in the Continental Army during the Revolution. In this position he worked closely with Gen. Nathanael Greene, the Army’s quartermaster general, who was a secret partner with him in Barnabas Deane and Co. from 1779 to 1785. After the war he was heavily involved in banking, founding more than one financial institution; he later served in the U.S. House of Representatives as a Federalist. Wadsworth resigned his position as commissary general at the beginning of 1780, tired of his critics and wishing to further his own business interests. Huntington writes to Wadsworth indicating that he will have the delegates from Connecticut “use their endeavors to have one or more commissioners immediately sent into Connecticutt...to settle your accounts....” He writes:

Sir, I am favored with your letter of the 9th instant and papers to which it refers. The proceedings of the Board of Treasury were before unknown to me. The delegates from Connecticutt will use their endeavors to have one or more commissioners immediately sent into Connecticutt agreeable to the late Act of Congress, to settle your accounts, and such others as may be settled in that quarter. I should have been happy had time permitted to have obtained an Act of Congress, that you might have received certain information by Brown. As soon as any thing is done on the subject you shall have the earliest notice.

$2500.

The Famous Hutchinson Letters Leaked by Franklin

80. [Hutchinson, Thomas]: THE LETTERS OF GOVERNOR HUTCHINSON, AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OLIVER, &c. PRINTED AT BOSTON. AND REMARKS THEREON. WITH THE ASSEMBLY’S ADDRESS, AND THE PROCEED- INGS OF THE LORDS COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL. TO- GETHER WITH THE SUBSTANCE OF MR. WEDDERBURN’S SPEECH RELATING TO THOSE LETTERS. AND THE RE- PORT OF THE LORDS COMMITTEE TO HIS MAJESTY IN COUNCIL. Dublin. 1774. 97pp. Gathered signatures, stitched as issued. Several leaves lightly mildewed at edges. Otherwise quite clean. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

These letters by Hutchinson were leaked by a party unknown, but probably Benja- min Franklin, who was then still in London as agent for Pennsylvania and assistant postmaster for the American colonies. The mistrust of colonial intentions revealed in the letters created a firestorm of criticism in Boston and led to Hutchinson’s literally fleeing the colony. “Publication of these letters – copies of which Franklin had secured in London – fanned revolutionary sentiment in America more than any other book of the period” – Howes. This volume also prints the proceedings of Franklin’s grilling before the Privy Council. After Franklin’s appearance and the famed assault on his character by Wedderburn, he was stripped of his post office sinecure, and his position in London was made difficult. The whole incident was a major escalation of the Revolutionary tensions in the American colonies, and the cause of Franklin’s final disillusionment with the British ministry. Only a handful of copies of this edition are recorded by ESTC. ESTC N139. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 73-5f. SABIN 34072. HOWES H851. $1500.

Jefferson’s First Book

81. [ Jefferson, Thomas]: A SUMMARY VIEW OF THE RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. SET FORTH IN SOME RESOLUTIONS INTENDED FOR THE INSPECTION OF THE PRESENT DEL- EGATES OF THE PEOPLE OF VIRGINIA, NOW IN CONVEN- TION. By a Native, and Member of the House of Burgesses. Wil- liamsburg, Printed by Clementina Rind. London, Re-Printed for G. Kearsly, 1774. xvi,[5]-44pp. Antique three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Very clean internally. Near fine.

Thomas Jefferson’s first book, a central document of the Revolution. This is the second of two textually identical British editions that appeared in 1774, the same year as the Williamsburg first and a Philadelphia edition printed by John Dunlap. “This is Jefferson’s first separately printed book and, according to Randolph Adams is one of the four fundamental works relating to the Revolution....The Summary View should be required reading for those who today are inclined to minimize and excuse the conduct of the British towards our ancestors” – Streeter. Jefferson submitted this petition to the Virginia convention, with the intent that it be sent to King George. Because of its strong tone it was never sent, but printed copies circulated in America, and this London edition appeared as well. It was an extraordinary debut, and its success was probably responsible for Jefferson’s election to the Second Continental Congress and his role in drafting the Declaration of Independence. This edition contains an added address “To the King,” attributed to Arthur Lee. The first edition of A Summary View was printed in a small edition at Wil- liamsburg, also in 1774, and according to Streeter not more than five copies are known of that rarity (the last copy at auction, in 1991, realized $231,000). Any of the other 1774 editions are also rare on the market. HOWES J79. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 119d. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-37c. STREETER SALE 754 (another ed). SABIN 35918. $60,000.

The Atlas of the Revolution

82. Jefferys, Thomas: THE AMERICAN ATLAS: OR, A GEOGRAPH- ICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE CONTINENT OF AMERICA; WHEREIN ARE DELINEATED AT LARGE ITS SEVERAL REGIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, AND ISLANDS; AND CHIEFLY THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London: Printed and sold by R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1782. Letterpress title and index leaf, other- wise engraved throughout. Twenty-three engraved maps on thirty-one sheets (eighteen folding, eleven double-page), all handcolored in outline. Half speck- led calf and marbled boards, spine with raised bands, bands and ornaments tooled in gilt, leather label. Title somewhat soiled, early ownership inscription at top. Minor edge wear and edge soiling to some maps; a few minor instances of foxing. A few closed tears, not affecting images, neatly repaired. A hand- some, near fine copy.

The American Atlas is the most important 18th-century atlas for America. Wal- ter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century...as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution.” As a collection, The American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed, and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are Braddock Meade’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England,” the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey” by Samuel Holland, the surveyor general for the northern American colonies; William Scull’s “A Map of Pennsylvania,” the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia,” the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lieut. Ross’ “Course of the Mississipi,” the first map of that river based on English sources. Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750 he published a series of maps of the English American colonies that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on November 20, 1771, and in 1775 his suc- cessors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered together these separately issued maps and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. The only difference between this 1782 edition and the editions of 1776 and 1778 is the titlepage; the maps are all the same. They are as follow:

1) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.” Published June 10, 1775. Six sheets joined into three, a total of 43½ x 49½ inches. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752. 2) “Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. The Russian Discoveries.” Published March 2nd 1775. One sheet, 18 x 24 inches. 3) Thomas Pownall after E. Bowen: “A New and Correct Map of North America, with the West India Islands.” Published July 15th 1779. Four sheets joined into two, 43 x 47 inches. Thomas Pownall updated Bowen’s North America map of 1755. Pownall’s version includes the results of the first Treaty of Paris drawn up after the end of the French and Indian War. 4) Thomas Jefferys: “North America from the French of Mr. D’Anville, Improved with the English Surveys Made since the Peace.” Published June 10, 1775. One sheet, 18 x 20 inches. 5) Samuel Dunn: “A Map of the British Empire in North America.” Published August 17, 1776. Half sheet, 12 x 19 inches. This updates Dunn’s map of 1774. 6) Thomas Jefferys: “An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti....” Published May 25, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 23½ x 37 inches. 7) Sayer and Bennett: “A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence....” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 24 inches. 8) “A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence....” Published April 6, 1775. One sheet, 15 x 27¼ inches. 9) James Cook and Michael Lane: “A General Chart of the Island of Newfound- land....” Published May 10, 1775. One sheet, 21½ x 22 inches. James Cook went on to gain renown for his Pacific exploration. 10) “A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland....” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 26 inches. Based on the surveys of James Cook (see above), Cha- bert, and Fleurieu. 11) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A New Map of Nova Scotia and with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada....” Published June 15, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24 inches. Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be an important documenting in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. 12) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England.” Published November 29, 1774. Four sheets joined into two, 38¾ x 40 ¾ inches. The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England...not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” – New England Prospect 13. 13) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania....” Published August 17, 1776. Two insets: “A plan of the City of New York” and “A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River.” Two sheets joined, 26½ x 52¾ inches. An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, surveyor general for the northern British colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial . 14) William Brassier: “A Survey of , including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John.” Published August 5, 1776. One inset: “A Particular Plan of Lake George. Surveyed in 1756 by Capt. Jackson.” Two sheets joined into one, 26 x 18¾ inches. This is the second state of Brassier’s terribly important and magnificently detailed map of Lake Champlain. In our experience it is the first state that is included in the 1776 edition of Jefferys’ atlas. This second state illustrates the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy – the , which transpired near present-day Plattsburgh, New York on October 13, 1775. 15) “A New Map of the Province of Quebec, according to the Royal Proclamation, of the 7th of October 1763, from the French Surveys Connected with those made after the War, by Captain Carver, and Other Officers....” Published February 16, 1776. One sheet, 19¼ x 26¼ inches. 16) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers.” Published June 10, 1775. Two sheets joined, 27 x 51½ inches. The first map of the to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony. 17) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia, containing the Whole ...1775.” [nd]. Four sheets joined into two, 32 x 48 inches. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century...the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Vir- ginia until the nineteenth century” – Verner. 18) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers.” Published May 30, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 40 x 54 inches. First sheet [numbered 23], second sheet [numbered 24]. “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” – Cumming 450. 19) Thomas Jefferys: “The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana...The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida. Published 20 Feby. 1775.” Two sheets joined into one, 19½ x 48 inches. A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted since the region became an English possession by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. 20) Lieut. Ross: “Course of the Mississipi...Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765.” Published June 1, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 14 x 44 inches. The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon British surveys. 21) Thomas Jefferys: “The Bay of Honduras.” Published February 20, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24½ inches. 22) J.B.B. D’Anville: “A Map of South America....” Published September 20, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 20 x 46 inches. 23) Cruz Cano [etc]: “A Chart of the Straits of Magellan.” Published July 1, 1775. One sheet, 20½ x 27 inches.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1169. HOWES J81, “b.” SABIN 35953. STREETER SALE 72 (1775 ed). Walter Ristow [ed], Facsimile Atlas. Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776 (Amsterdam, 1974) (ref ). HILL 882. $140,000.

83. [ Jenings, Edmund]: A TRANSLATION OF THE MEMORIAL TO THE SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE UPON THE PRESENT STATE OF AFFAIRS, BETWEEN THE OLD AND THE NEW WORLD, INTO COMMON SENSE AND INTELLIGIBLE ENGLISH. Lon- don: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1781. [2],45pp. Modern green half roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling and foxing. Contemporary notations on titlep- age. Very good.

A scarce work in which Jenings “translates” – or more accurately interprets – a work by Governor Thomas Pownall, the British colonial administrator, accomplished artist, and prolific writer. Pownall’s work was originally published in 1780, and was quickly translated into French, with the assistance and encouragement of John Adams. Jenings translates Pownall’s work back into “common sense and intelligible English” from the French, making the first English version of this text – though Pownall disavowed the work, saying Jenings mischaracterized his ideas. By 1780, Pownall, long considered sympathetic to the position of the American colonists, was finishing a long career in Parliament. His original work (and this interpretation by Jenings) discusses the importance to Europe of the American Revolution and the ideas it espoused. It also considers the political, economic, and trade consequences for the nations of Europe of an independent America. A visionary work, scarce on the market. HOWES J89, “aa.” SABIN 35987. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-56c. ESTC T90880. $1250.

Early Argument for the Stamp Act

84. [ Jenyns, Soame]: THE OBJECTIONS TO THE TAXATION OF OUR AMERICAN COLONIES, BY THE LEGISLATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN, BRIEFLY CONSIDER’D. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1765. 23pp. Modern blue three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Minor soiling. Very good plus. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

Second edition, printed the same year as the first, of this defense of the Stamp Act. Jenyns, a poet and member of Parliament, argues in favor of the right to tax the colonists and rejects various claims against British taxation. In a rather condescending tone Jenyns calls the arguments against the right to tax the colonists insolent and absurd. The pamphlet produced several strong responses by colonial sympathizers, including James Otis’ Considerations on Behalf of the Colonists, also printed in 1765. SABIN 36053. HOWES J103. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-13b. $1750.

Item 85. One of the Most Famous Pamphlets of the Revolution

85. [ Johnson, Samuel]: TAXATION NO TYRANNY; AN ANSWER TO THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDRESS OF THE AMERI- CAN CONGRESS. London: Published by T. Cadell, in the Strand, 1775. [4],91pp. Half title. Contemporary marbled boards with modern leather spine. Boards rubbed, corners worn. Modern bookplate on front paste-down. Con- temporary notation on half title. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good.

First edition of this famous political pamphlet by lexicographer Samuel Johnson. Written in response to the opening rumblings of the American Revolution, John- son’s acerbic pamphlet was published at the height of his popularity and fame. He writes of the Americans:

That it is their duty to pay the cost of their own safety they seem to admit; nor do they refuse their contribution to the exigencies, whatever they may be, of the British empire; but they make this participation of the public burden a duty of very uncertain extent, and imperfect obligation, a duty temporary, oc- casional and elective, of which they reserve to themselves the right of settling the degree, the time, and the duration, of judging when it may be required, and when it has been performed.

This pamphlet elicited many responses, and doubtless further spurred the cause of the Revolution. ESTC T49891. SABIN 36303. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-69a. GEPHART 3186. COURTNEY & SMITH, p.125. $6500.

A French Mercenary in the British Service in the American Revolution

86. Joly de St. Valier, Le Sieur: HISTOIRE RAISONÉE DES OPÉRA- TIONS MILITAIRES ET POLITIQUES DE LA DERNIÈRE GUERRE, SUIVIE D’OBSERVATIONS SUR LA RÉVOLUTION QUI EST ARRIVÉE DANS LES MOEURS & SUR CELLE QUI EST SUR LE POINT D’ARRIVER DANS LA CONSTITUTION D’ANGLETERRE. Liege. 1783. xii,235,[1]pp. Half title. Handsomely bound in contemporary French mottled calf, raised bands, spine richly gilt, gilt morocco label. Light shelf wear. Quite clean internally. A near fine copy. In a cloth chemise and slipcase, gilt leather label.

A firsthand account of the Revolution, by a little-known but fascinating French soldier of fortune who fought for the British. A disputatious and critical man, Joly de St. Valier condemns the British conduct of the war, especially in naval matters, but also heaps some scorn on the French and De Grasse. The ten-page supple- ment, not included here, was issued separately and is found in only a few copies of the work. It was likely printed later, and continues Joly’s war of words with Sir Joseph Yorke, former British Ambassador at The Hague, who was quite involved in British naval strategy during the war. A very rare work on the market, with much important firsthand material on the military history of the American Revolution. The Streeter copy realized $450 in 1967. SABIN 36428. HOWES J182, “aa.” STREETER SALE 802. GRAFF 2230. $8500.

A Striking Portrait of John Paul Jones

87. [ Jones, John Paul]: Rugendas, Johann Moritz: JOHANN PAUL IO- NES. BEFEHLSHABER EINER SCHWADRON IN DIENSTEN DER 13 VEREINIGTEN PROVINZEN VON NORD-AMERIKA. 1779. Augsburg: J.J. Haid und Sohn, [ca. 1779]. Mezzotint, 14 x 10¼ inches. Framed. A near fine copy, from the estate of Viscount David Eccles.

An excellent, iconic portrait of American naval officer and hero John Paul Jones (1747-92). Jones is depicted three-quarter length, in uniform, holding a telescope in his right arm. To the rear are a towering cliff and a burning ship. Jones is con- sidered America’s most famous naval hero of the Revolution, and the British reviled him as a pirate because of his raids along the Irish coast and his bold attack on the British port of Whitehaven. His greatest victory was the capture of the British Serapis by his flagship, Bonhomme Richard, in 1779. $4500.

88. [Knox, William]: THE PRESENT STATE OF THE NATION: PAR- TICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO ITS TRADE, FINANCES, &c. &c. ADDRESSED TO THE KING AND BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. London. 1768. 100pp. 20th-century red morocco, gilt, by Sangorski and Sutcliffe. A few spots of wear to edges of boards. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good. Lacks the half title.

Second edition, after the first of the same year. William Knox was under-secretary of state for the American colonies from 1770 to 1782, had previously lived in Georgia, and was the agent for Georgia and for a brief time. In this work he gives a defense of George Grenville’s ministry and discusses the role of the American colonies in the financial structure of Great Britain, defending taxation of the colonies. Though this copy lacks the half title, which contains the edition statement, the issue points are correct for the second edition, as noted by ESTC. ESTC T44232. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-14b. HOWES K227. $1000.

An American Satire as Popular as Common Sense

89. [Leacock, John]: THE FIRST BOOK OF THE AMERICAN CHRONICLES OF THE TIMES. CHAP. I [caption title]. New York: Printed and sold by J. Anderson, [1774]. 12pp. Later paper wrappers, later stitching. Some old worming at edges, clumsily repaired with newer paper. Text dampstained, with wear and some loss to several leaves due to worming. Fair only, but exceedingly scarce. In a half morocco box.

Rare copy of this popular Revolutionary-era satire which relates the events pre- ceding the American Revolution in a mock-Biblical style. Leacock, a prominent Philadelphia silversmith and merchant, supported the American cause from the beginning, and published his first anti-British satire in 1765, a broadside mock- ing the Stamp Act. “Leacock more fully clarified his patriot position in his satire, The First Book of the American Chronicles of the Times, published during the fall and winter of 1774-1775. This anonymously published, six-chapter pamphlet series used biblical language to ridicule Britain’s inept colonial administration. Immensely popular in the colonies, the American Chronicles was printed and reprinted from Massachusetts to South Carolina” – ANB. This first chapter was printed in at least eleven editions everywhere from Boston to Providence to Newbern, North Carolina, and was followed by multiple editions of the next five chapters. This work’s popularity may also account for its low survival rate; as with other early popular works, such as Pilgrim’s Progress, these little pam- phlets were very likely read to death. NAIP records only one copy, at the New-York Historical Society, and ESTC adds one more at the Connecticut Historical Society. ESTC W24416. BRISTOL B3740. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42599. $2250.

90. [Lee, Arthur]: AN APPEAL TO THE JUSTICE AND INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN, IN THE PRESENT DISPUTES WITH AMERICA. By an Old Member of Parliament. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1774. [2],63,[4]pp. Lacks the half title. 19th- century marbled wrappers. Front wrapper nearly detached. Small hole from ink burn in final (advertising) leaf, not affecting any text, otherwise very neat and fresh internally. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

First edition of this important tract from the pro-American Englishman, Arthur Lee, which, at various times, has also been attributed to William Pitt the Elder, Richard Glover, and Benjamin Franklin. The manuscript itself was reportedly sent by Franklin to Almon for publication. Lee advocates the rights of the colonists as common with those of other British subjects against the late impositions, and predicts dire consequences if those rights continue to be ignored. Lee followed up with a sequel the next year. HOWES L183. SABIN 39697. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-44a. AMERICAN INDEPEN- DENCE 123a. $2500.

91. [Lee, Charles]: STRICTURES ON A PAMPHLET, ENTITLED, A “FRIENDLY ADDRESS TO ALL REASONABLE AMERICANS, ON THE SUBJECT OF OUR POLITICAL CONFUSIONS.” AD- DRESSED TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. [New York: James Riv- ington], 1775. [13]-25pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. Titlepage trimmed a bit close. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

An odd title, this is the second half only of the Rivington edition of Henry Barry’s The General Attacked by a Sub-Altern, with its own titlepage, of the tract that Barry was responding to, ’s Strictures.... The English-born Lee had a long career in the British army before eventually taking up the American cause. A fiery republican, he served as a general in the Continental Army, rallying troops and readying defenses before eventually clashing with George Washington over strategy. He participated in the pamphlet wars leading up to the Declaration of Independence with the present work, written in response to Loyalist Thomas Bradbury Chandler’s Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans. Also published in New York in 1774, Chandler warned the colonists against military or economic measures against British authority. Lee essentially argues that the British forces aren’t so tough, and that a disciplined American force can triumph in its righteous cause. Thomas Adams treats this item in two entries of his American Independence, saying it was not published separately from Rivington’s 1775 edition of Barry, yet it appears that some enterprising booksellers occasionally made it a discreet title. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 125, 151b (ref ). SABIN 26867. EVANS 13824. NAIP w012383. HOWES L193. $4500.

With an Interesting Map of Revolutionary America

92. Leiste, Christian: BESCHREIBUNG DES BRITTISCHEN AMERIKA ZUR ERSPARUNG DER ENGLISCHEN KARTEN. Wolfenbuttel. 1778. 20,571,[1]pp. plus folding map. Contemporary paper boards. Binding rubbed, extremities worn, head of spine chipped. Negligible foxing. Very good.

The first edition, published simultaneously in Braunschweig. “Both editions are the same book” – Sabin. This work gives a thorough description of New England during the Revolutionary War, describing the geographical, political, and economic makeup of the colonies, as well as the European inhabitants. It also includes an index and a detailed map by Pingeling entitled “Special-Karte von den mittleren Brittischen Colonien in Nord-America,” a rare German depiction of Revolutionary War-era New England and the mid-Atlantic as far south as Maryland. HOWES L243. CLARK I:270. McCORKLE 778.14. SABIN 39937. $2000.

93. [Lind, John]: REMARKS ON THE PRINCIPAL ACTS OF THE THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN. London. 1775. xvi,[4],500pp. 19th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, re- backed, corners renewed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Ink stamp on titlepage. Light wear to titlepage, negligible foxing in text. About very good.

A defense of the stand taken by Parliament over the situation with the American colonies, though Lind does offer a plan for resolution. The Acts passed by the Parliament in question include the Intolerable Acts, which are discussed in this volume. Lind proposes an American Bill of Rights, which would more clearly de- fine the relationship between the colonies and the mother country, would outline American protections, and would assert the supremacy of the British Parliament over the colonies. Contains much information on the political upheavals surround- ing the start of the American Revolution. Though the titlepage lists this as “Vol. I,” no more were published. ESTC T77304. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-84. HOWES L352. $1500.

94. [Lind, Jonathan]: AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS. London. 1776. 132pp. Contemporary wrappers. Minor wear and soiling. Contents quite clean. Very good plus. In a red half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Fourth edition, published the same year as the first. This work presents a detailed response to the Declaration of Independence, quoting in full each of the twenty-eight objections to the policies of the British crown, and followed by harsh comments, with a separate section at the end discussing the famous opening lines. Howes errs in calling this a reply to the 1775 Congressional resolutions, which outlined “the causes and necessities of taking up arms.” Only a handful of copies of this edition are listed in ESTC. A nice copy. ESTC N5626. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-87e. $2000.

Records of Confiscation of Loyalist Property

95. Livingston, William: [Kempe, John Tabor]: [AUTOGRAPH DOCU- MENTS, SIGNED, BEING COPIES OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN NEW JERSEY FOR THE ATTAINDER OF J.T. KEMPE AND HIS WIFE GRACE, AND ON THE CONFISCATION OF THEIR PROPERTY]. Elizabethtown. March 3, 1787. 8pp. plus 4pp. Folio. Docu- ments creased and lightly soiled. First leaf with a few tears and some paper loss, minutely affecting text. Very good. Additional four pages: Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Light soiling, minute paper loss along some folds. Very good. In a grey half morocco and cloth clamshell case, gilt with red leather labels.

Legal documents regarding the confiscation of the property of Loyalist and New York Attorney General John Tabor Kempe, the first of which is penned and signed by William Livingston, first governor of the state of New Jersey and signer of the Constitution. A reluctant politician, William Livingston nevertheless rose to prominence in colonial New York and New Jersey, in part due to his wealth and family connec- tions. He was the first governor of the state of New Jersey, holding that office from 1776 until his death in 1790. Livingston was extremely popular with his constituents, and was fiercely anti-Loyalist. “Livingston came to harbor a deep and visceral hatred of Loyalists, whose numbers and military operations posed a real civil threat in New Jersey. The governor’s jaundiced reaction undermined his otherwise deep commitment to due process and his remarkable concern for the social and economic welfare of his constituents. Livingston was by nature and education a man of conservative political leanings, forced into the personally distasteful role of flamboyant revolutionary. Indeed, throughout the war he was a rebel with a price on his head. Exiled New Jersey Loyalists several times tried to arrange his assassination by offering a reward for his murder” – ANB. During this time, Livingston was constantly on the move to avoid assassination, bringing him into close contact with his constituents. This sensitized him to their needs in a way few others in his station would know, additionally fuelling his desire for reforms, including the abolition of slavery. “Governor Livingston made a real ef- fort to redistribute Loyalist land by means of a strong pioneering confiscation act, a reform that did not work well in practice, but was intended by the governor to expand New Jersey’s social revolution” – ANB. John Tabor Kempe is one of those who lost his lands due to his political lean- ings. The first leaf is a certification of the document which follows, penned and signed by Livingston; it is embossed with the state seal of New Jersey, and the whole gathering is tied with a red ribbon. The inquisition into Kempe’s property took place in 1779, whereupon it was found that “John Tabor Kempe and Grace his wife...are offenders in manner as is described in an act of the general assembly, intitled ‘An act for the forfeiting to and vesting in the state of New Jersey the real estates of certain fugitives and offenders, & for directing the mode of determining & satisfying the lawful debts and demands which may be due from or made against such fugitives & offenders and for other purposes therein mentioned’...in that this John Tabor Kempe, and Grace his wife, did go to the enemy and took refuge with them some time in April in the year [1776] & still remain with them.” The second document, listing Kempe’s lost goods and property, is titled “Rough estimate of Mr. Kempe’s estate & interest lost in consequences of his loyalty.” Kempe estimates his losses at an excess of £117,000, primarily in lost lands and estates, totaling over 45,000 acres. An interesting and informative set of documents, showing the high price of loyalty to the British Crown in New Jersey during the American Revolution. ANB (online). $4500.

96. [Lloyd, Charles]: THE CONDUCT OF THE LATE ADMINIS- TRATION EXAMINED. WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING ORIGINAL AND AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS. London. 1767 [i.e., 1766]. 160,[2],liv plus 2pp. of publisher’s advertisements. 19th-century three-quarter roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities worn. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Several leaves loosening. Minor foxing. About very good. Lacks the half title.

First edition. A strong defense of British taxation in its North American colonies, especially the Stamp Act. “The first portion of this, which contains a defense of his American measures, is said to have been dictated by George Grenville to Lloyd, who was his secretary” – Adams. Howes wrongly calls for 166 pages before the fifty-four-page appendix. HOWES L405. SABIN 15203. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-36a. $1650.

97. [London Court of Common Council]: ADDRESSES PRESENTED FROM THE COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL TO THE KING, ON HIS MAJESTY’S ACCESSION TO THE THRONE, AND ON VARIOUS OTHER OCCASIONS, AND HIS ANSWERS.... [bound with:] ADDRESSES, REMONSTRANCES, AND PETITIONS; COMMENCING THE 24th OF JUNE 1769.... London: Henry Fen- wick, [1778]. 88; 151pp. [bound with:] A PETITION OF THE FREE- HOLDERS OF THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.... London: Henry Fenwick, 1769. 11pp. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Boards heav- ily worn, head and foot of spine chipped. Very minor scattered foxing. Good plus, in a contemporary binding. In a brown half morocco and cloth slipcase.

The county of Middlesex, essentially London, was the heart of radical politics in England at the time of the Revolution, and the greatest pro-American feeling was found in the merchants and working classes of the metropolis. The colonists often appealed directly to Middlesex for support. These works contain petitions relating to the American colonies dating from June 1774 to March 1778, including petitions regarding the , in which the people express their concern over the encroachment of Catholicism and French influence in the colony. Likewise, it includes the text of a letter from John Hancock to the mayor of London, dated September 1775, expressing a hope for peace between Britain and the colonies. Adams notes that these two titles are often found bound together, sometimes with other publications of the Council. The petition of the freeholders of Middlesex County concerns the John Wilkes case. Wilkes ran for Parliament and was elected as a radical candidate for Middlesex, but was arrested and imprisoned shortly thereafter for seditious libel. Wilkes spoke out against the British war against the American colonies, and his opposition to the Crown was a rallying point for the American cause. ESTC T108621, T108605, T43921. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-65. $1500.

With a Contemporary Account of Lexington and Concord

98. Low, Nathanael: AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY, OR ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF CHRISTIAN AERA, 1776. AND THE 16th YEAR OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE THE IIId. BEING BISSEX- TILE, OR LEAP YEAR.... [Boston. 1775]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Lightly and evenly foxed. Very good.

An important Revolutionary almanac. The first three pages contain Low’s “Ad- dress to the Soldiers of the American Army,” delivered at Ipswich, Sept. 22, 1775:

The time is at length arrived in which we are reduced to the sad alternative of defending the most sacred and inestimable of all our enjoyments from utter ruin, and ourselves from the graves of political throldom, by dint of sword; or yield them to the will of a banditti of tyrants more implacable than the savages of the wilderness....

Also contains an important eyewitness account of the Battle of Lexington, by the Rev. William Gordon of Roxbury, contained in a letter to a gentleman in England entitled, “Account of the Commencement of Hostilities Between Great Britain and America.” EVANS 14168. CHURCH 1121 DRAKE 3252. $2500. With Woodcut Map of Manhattan in 1776

99. Low, Nathaniel: AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY; OR, ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF CHRISTIAN AERA, 1777. BEING...THE FIRST YEAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.... Boston. [1776]. [24]pp. 20th-century boards with blue cloth spine, gilt. Bookplate on front and rear pastedowns. Each leaf tipped onto tissue; some leaves trimmed a bit close. Good, with the bookplate of Benjamin DeForest Curtiss.

Revolutionary-era almanac with a woodcut map entitled, “A View of the Present Seat of War, at and near New-York,” showing Manhattan and parts of Staten Island, Long Island, and New Jersey, and indicating Gen. Washington’s lines, Bunker Hill, and other points of interest. This map is a variation on similar maps published in almanacs for 1777 by Isaac Warren and Samuel Stearns. Also included is the author’s caustic “An Address to the Tories,” dated Oct. 8, 1776, and at the head of the calendar for each month is a different patriotic motto. SABIN 42402. EVANS 14829. DRAKE 3264. $2000.

An Important Tract of 1776

100. [Macpherson, James]: THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AS- SERTED AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF AMERICA: BEING AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL CON- GRESS. London. 1776. [2],92pp. plus folding table. Lacks the half title. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern book- plate on front pastedown. Negligible soiling. Very good plus.

First edition of this important political tract, replying to the American Congress’ “Declaration...setting forth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms,” which is printed in the rear of the pamphlet. Authorship of this work is in doubt, Adams crediting James Macpherson, who was retained by Lord North as a political writer, and Howes crediting Sir John Dalrymple. The pamphlet, which was widely dis- seminated, sets forth the ministerial position on the situation in America. This is the first of over twenty editions, making it one of the most widely circulated pamphlets of the English side of the debate. Only a handful of copies of this edi- tion are in ESTC. ESTC N12881. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-95a. HOWES D37. $4500.

With One of the Earliest English Editions of the Draft Articles of Confederation

101. [Macpherson, James]: THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AS- SERTED AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF AMERICA: BEING AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL CON- GRESS. London. 1776. [4],115pp. plus folding table. Slightly later three- quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Hinges cracked, ex- tremities worn. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedown. Internally quite clean. A good plus copy. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Fifth edition with additions, after the first edition of the same year, of this important political tract, replying to the American Congress’ “Declaration...setting forth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms,” which is printed in the rear of the pamphlet. Authorship of this work is in doubt, Adams crediting James Macpher- son, who was retained by Lord North as a political writer, and Howes crediting Sir John Dalrymple. The pamphlet, which was widely disseminated, sets forth the ministerial position on the situation in America. This is the fifth of over twenty editions. Only a handful of copies are listed in ESTC. There are many unusual things about this edition of this key political pamphlet which are worth noting. First, this copy at least was prepared in a more elegant fashion than earlier ones, on larger and thicker paper. The “Advertisement” at the beginning notes that much has been added. The most important additions are a description of the Congress having “passed a Vote of Independence.” It is not clear what the source of this news is, since the garbled account claims that the vote was split, with New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and North Carolina voting against. At the very end of the text appears a version of the Dickinson draft version of the Articles of Confederation, first printed in Philadelphia in August 1775. As Will Slauter has recently demonstrated in a brilliant article, the earliest English texts of this draft were all re-translations of translations into French which first appeared in publications in Paris. This particular text does not match any he mentions; the country is to be known as “The United Colonies of North America,” and much of the rest of the text is confused. In all, a fascinating instance of partially correct information from a source that many Englishmen would have assumed accurate. The present copy bears the bookplate of John Yorke, perhaps a cadet branch of the family of the Earls of Hardwicke. HOWES D37. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-95h. SABIN 18347. ESTC N12883. Will Slauter, “Constructive Misreadings: Adams, Turgot, and the American State Constitutions” in Biblio- graphical Society of America Papers 105:1, March 2011, pp.33-67. $3750.

What Connecticut Owes the Confederation

102. [Madison, James, et al]: ADDRESS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE STATES, BY THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. Philadelphia, Printed; Hartford, Reprinted: Hudson & Goodwin, 1783. 50,[31]pp. plus folding table. Quarto. Gathered signatures, stitched as issued. Stitching loose. Heavily tanned and dampstained through- out. Moderate edge wear, worse on final two leaves. Good. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The first Hartford printing of this important report by a committee consisting of Madison, Hamilton, and Oliver Ellsworth, issued the same year as the Philadelphia first printing. The report deals with raising national revenue and other important issues facing the new nation. Appended are some relevant state papers: a letter from Franklin and his treaty of Vergennes; Adams’ contract with the Netherlands regarding loans; and material relating to the Newburgh Address, including the petition of the officers, extracts from Washington’s reply, and related resolutions of Congress. The final unpaginated thirty-one pages of this edition relate specifically to receipts and expenditures of Connecticut, with most of the text a town-by-town listing of balances due the national treasury from various Connecticut localities. HOWES A76, “aa.” EVANS 18226. NAIP w015154. $2750.

Important Work on the Dutch in the Revolution

103. [Marriott, James]: MÉMOIRE JUSTIFICATIF DE LA CON- DUITE DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE, EN ARRÊTANT LES NAVIRES ÉTRANGERS ET LES MUNITIONS DE GUERRE, DESTINEES AUX INSURGENS DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Londres: T. Harrison et S. Brooke, 1779. vii,[1],60pp. Quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Quite clean and fresh internally. Very good.

Though maintaining a formal during the American Revolution, the Dutch Republic sold weapons to the rebellious colonists, resulting in British reprisals against Dutch vessels. This work makes the case for British seizures of munitions- laden Dutch ships destined for the revolting American colonies. It was printed for private circulation among neutral maritime courts, and printed in French, which was the language of diplomacy at the time. “One of the most valuable tracts on the subject of supplying the American Colonies with the sinews of war during the Revolution. It is of great rarity” – Rosenbach. A scarce work, the first copy of this first edition that we have owned. HOWES M298, “aa.” SABIN 44689. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-70. ROSENBACH 4:246. $3000.

104. [Mason, William]: ODE TO MR. PINCHBECK, UPON HIS NEWLY INVENTED PATENT CANDLE-SNUFFERS. By Mal- colm M’Greggor, Esq.; Author of the Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, and the Heroic Postscript. London. 1776. 11,[1]pp. Quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Lightly foxed. Very good.

First edition. “An attack on Lord George Germain that includes a number of refer- ences to events in America and writers of pamphlets on American affairs” – Adams. Lord George Germain was Secretary of State in Britain during the American Revolution, and his office was extensively blamed for the loss of the American colonies. This work went through five editions in 1776, of which this is the first. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-94a. $1250. In the Wake of the Boston Massacre

105. [Massachusetts]: A CONTINUATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY, RELATIVE TO THE COVENING, HOLDING AND KEEPING THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT HARVARD-COLLEGE, IN CAMBRIDGE. Boston: Edes and Gill, 1770. 66pp. Modern red half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Light tanning and foxing throughout; slightly heavier on titlepage. About very good.

The official record of the proceedings of the General Assembly on being forced to Cambridge. At Lord Hillsborough’s direction, Lieut. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson (serving as acting governor in the wake of Gov. Bernard’s departure for England in August 1769) ordered the Massachusetts General Assembly to vacate their traditional meeting place, the Town House in Boston, and installed them instead at Harvard College. The move prompted numerous appeals on the grounds that both colonial custom and law had been violated, and the proceedings include both Hutchinson’s response to the Assembly’s official petition to be reinstalled in Boston, as well as further correspondence between the two parties. Hutchinson was steadfast in his refusal to allow the Assembly to return, providing John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and others ample material for their continued harassment of the royal administration. The present document records the formation of a committee to draft an official protest, with both Adams and Hancock as members. The Assembly resolves to conduct no business save for that of immediate importance. A list of all assembly- men who voted in favor of the protest is provided. The Assembly also notes with suspicion the installment of British regulars at Castle William just outside the city. When combined with this unprecedented move by the British military and lasting public resentment in the wake of the Boston Massacre, the removal of the Assembly to Cambridge did little to repair quickly deteriorating relations. In all, an excel- lent record of an early representative moment in the tense relationship between Hutchinson and the colonial authorities. Fewer than twenty copies on OCLC. EVANS 11733. SABIN 45695. NAIP w023272. $1500.

Raising Massachusetts Troops, 1776

106. [Massachusetts Militia]: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA- TIVES, SEPTEMBER 17th, 1776. WHEREAS DOUBTS MAY ARISE IN THE MINDS OF SOME OF THE GOOD PEOPLE OF THIS STATE...[first line of text]. [Watertown, Ma.: Benjamin Edes, 1776]. Broadside, 11 x 7 inches. Old fold lines. Minor soiling and toning. Very good. In a red half morocco and cloth clamshell box, spine gilt.

A Revolutionary broadside posting the period of service fixed for Massachusetts militiamen. The copy at the American Antiquarian Society is printed on half a sheet, with a similar broadside (intended to be separated). The broadside reads:

Whereas doubts may arise in the minds of some of the good people of this state, who are willing to go out at this important juncture against our unnatural enemies, agreeable to the resolve of this Court passed the 12th instant, about what time they shall be held in that service: Therefore for removing any dif- ficulties of that nature, – It is resolved, That all those persons who shall march out on the exigence, shall be recalled within the space of two months from this date, at the furthest, and as much sooner as the service may admit of....

It goes on to empower officers to collect fines for sending another person to fight in one’s stead, and allows officers to muster the militia “when and so often as they may respectively find it necessary, in order for the obtaining the Quota designed....” NAIP locates six copies. A nice piece of Revolutionary Americana. EVANS 14867. BRISTOL B4268. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43087. FORD 1998. CUSHING, MASSACHUSETTS LAWS 950. NAIP w027212. $4250.

With a Proclamation by Hancock on a Supplement Sheet

107. [Massachusetts Newspaper]: THE INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE AND THE ADVERTISER. Vol. XIV. No. 712. [with:] SUPPLEMENT TO THE INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE, &c. Boston. April 18, 1782. 4pp. plus supplementary leaf. Folio. Silked on both sides. Minor losses and wear at old folds. Light soiling. Very good.

Revolutionary-era newspaper, containing several war related items, including a printing of General Cornwallis’ letter to Lieutenant Colonel Cruger, announcing his defeat of General Gates in South Carolina, with a brief account of the battle and casualties thereof. Also, a lengthy editorial on controlling Congressional power and the concern over the effect of an impost bill on the already fragile economy. The supplement contains a proclamation from Governor John Hancock calling for a day of fasting and prayer on behalf of the good of the country and the war effort. $1000.

Four Days Before Lexington and Concord, John Hancock Urges Citizens: “...Speedily to defend, at the Hazard of Life, the unalienable Rights of them and Posterity, against the avowed hostilities of the Parent State...”

108. [Massachusetts Provincial Congress]: [Hancock, John]: IN PROVIN- CIAL CONGRESS, CONCORD, APRIL 15, 1775. WHEREAS IT HAS PLEASED THE RIGHTEOUS SOVEREIGN OF THE UNI- VERSE, IN JUST INDIGNATION AGAINST THE SINS OF A PEOPLE LONG BLESSED WITH INESTIMABLE PRIVILEGES, CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS, TO SUFFER THE PLOTS OF WICK- ED MEN ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ATLANTCIK [sic], WHO FOR MANY YEARS HAVE INCESSANTLY LABOURED TO SAP THE FOUNDATIONS OF OUR PUBLIC LIBERTIES.... [Boston: Printed by Edes and Gill, 1775]. Broadside, 14¾ x 12¼ inches. Old folds. Faint offsetting from folding. Small, faint stain in the center-right portion of the text. Minor edge wear, some wrinkling. Near fine. In a half morocco box.

A striking and dramatic broadside, bearing the final peacetime resolve of the Provin- cial Congress of Massachusetts. Issued just four days before the battle of Lexington and Concord, and three days before ’s famous ride, it calls for a day of prayer for the Revolutionary cause. The next broadside resolve of the Massachu- setts Congress, dated April 23, was printed in Watertown, to which the legislature had removed, and called for the immediate reinforcement of the colony’s militia. The text of the broadside paints the alternatives facing the colonists in stark terms – liberty or slavery:

We see the New-England Colonies reduced to the ungrateful Alternative of a tame Submission to a State of absolute Vassalage to the Will of a despotic Minister – or of preparing themselves speedily to defend, at the Hazard of Life, the unalienable Rights of themselves and Posterity, against the avowed Hostilities of their Parent State, who openly threatens to wrest them from their Hands by Fire and Sword.

In this time of crisis the people of Massachusetts are instructed to turn to their Puritan roots, and to pray to God that His providential will may secure their lib- erty (just as His protection had brought them to New England to escape another despotism one hundred and fifty years earlier). May 11th is to be set aside as a “day of public humiliation, fasting and prayer” in hopes that “the Union of the American Colonies in Defence of their Rights (for which hitherto we desire to thank Almighty god) may be preserved and confirmed – that the Provincial and especially the Continental congresses, may be directed to such Measures as god will countenance. – That the People of Great-Britain, and their Rulers, may have their Eyes open’d to discern the Things that shall make for the Peace of the Nation and all its Connexions – And that america may soon behold a gracious Interposi- tion of Heaven, for the Redress of her many Grievances, the Restoration of all her invaded Liberties, and their Security to the latest Generations.” The text is signed in print by John Hancock as president of the Provincial Congress. This copy is docketed on the verso “Genl. Fast May 11, 1775,” and in a differ- ent hand is addressed “To ye Revd. Mr. Solomon, Recd. in Middleborough pray Sir give Mr. Backus ye advantage of this after you have used it if you can.” Ford and NAIP together locate only four copies of this broadside, at the American Antiquarian Society, Boston Public Library, Massachusetts Historical Society, and the Library of Congress. A rare broadside, issued at a pivotal moment in the Revolutionary struggle. EVANS 14220. NAIP w011183. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42873. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1845. $58,000. The Major Naval Actions of the Revolution, Mapped, in a Copy with Distinguished Provenance

109. [Matthews, John]: TWENTY-ONE PLANS, WITH EXPLANA- TIONS, OF DIFFERENT ACTIONS IN THE WEST-INDIES, DURING THE LATE WAR: BY AN OFFICER OF THE ROYAL NAVY, WHO WAS PRESENT. Chester: Printed by J. Fletcher, for the author, 1784. 24pp., plus twenty (of twenty-one) folding handcolored plans, with plan number fifteen present in facsimile. Small quarto. Modern three- quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. One plan in facsimile, else a very good copy. Ownership signature of “Simon Fraser 71st Regiment” at the top of the title.

Only edition, privately printed for the author. The dedication, signed in print by Matthews, is to Lord Hood. Matthews was a participant in the battles, and he describes them clearly and dispassionately. Hood, a rear admiral, served under Admiral George Rodney in the West Indies in 1781-83. This is one of the most important books on the British naval actions against the French in the West Indies during the American Revolution. The actions described and illustrated were off Grenada (1779), St. Christopher (1779 and 1782), Martinique (1781), and Dominica (1782) by John Byron and Hood against D’Estaing and DeGrasse. The fascinating plates show the positions of the respective navies and the nearest coastlines, with each battle illustrated in several plates, thereby showing the progression of each encounter. The text describes each of the battles described, and gives the line of battle as well. This copy has an interesting provenance, with the signature of “Simon Fraser 71st Regt.” at the top of the titlepage. Fraser (1738-1813) began his military ca- reer at Louisbourg and Quebec in the French and Indian War. In the American Revolution his kinsman and namesake, Gen. Simon Fraser, raised the 71st Highland Regiment and made the younger Simon a captain. He was wounded at Danbury, Connecticut in April 1777, losing an eye, but fought at Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. Promoted to the rank of major, he served on the Savannah ex- pedition and in South Carolina through 1782, then spent further time in Jamaica. At the time of the publication of this book he was back in England as a half-pay officer. He reentered active service during the French Revolution, retiring as a lieutenant general in 1806. One of the few contemporary studies of naval warfare in the West Indies during the Revolution. ESTC locates a total of fourteen copies, and this is the first copy that we have ever owned. Rare. SABIN 46887. ESTC T100566. MARITIME HISTORY IN THE JCB 1275. $12,500.

Supporting the Stamp Act

110. [Mauduit, Jasper]: THE LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, WITH RESPECT TO NORTH AMER- ICA, AND THE PRIVILEGES OF THE ASSEMBLIES THERE, BRIEFLY CONSIDERED. London. 1766. 20pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good plus.

A political tract supporting the Stamp Act, arguing that while the Crown does not have the right to interfere in the governance of individual colonies, it certainly has the right to legislate over the colonies as a whole, for the greater good of everyone involved. ESTC T72681. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-31. SABIN 42909. $2500.

An Extremely Rare Personal Narrative of Valley Forge

111. [Maxwell, Priscilla]: THE CHRISTIAN PATRIOT: SOME REC- OLLECTIONS OF THE LATE COL. HUGH MAXWELL, OF MASSACHUSETTS. COLLECTED AND PRESERVED BY A DAUGHTER. New York. 1833. 139pp. 16mo. Contemporary half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly worn. Contemporary pre- sentation inscription by the author on front fly leaf. Light scattered foxing. Very good. In a red morocco slipcase.

A biographical sketch of Hugh Maxwell, a western Massachusetts farmer who served in the American Revolution, written by his daughter. Maxwell’s account is a rare and important piece of work, recording the hardships of the common soldier in the Continental Army. Hugh Maxwell wintered at Valley Forge, and his daughter writes: “Badly armed, worse clad, and in many instances bare-footed, they often marked their footsteps with blood on the frozen ground.” She also recounts the role that women played in the campaign, and the difficulties they faced. Scarce, with fewer than ten copies listed on OCLC. Only one sale record appears on Americana Exchange, an auction in 1972 (possibly this copy). This is a particularly desirable copy, in a contemporary binding and inscribed by the author: “William Ware from his Aunt Priscilla Maxwell.” AMERICAN IMPRINTS 20066. SABIN 47048. $3500.

112. Mirabeau, Gabriel-Honoré de Riquetti: CONSIDERATIONS SUR L’ORDRE DE CINCINNATUS, OUT IMITATION D’UN PAM- PHLET ANGLO-AMERICAIN. London: J. Johnson, 1784. xii,385,[3] pp. Contemporary three-quarter sheep and marbled boards. Extremities worn, boards rubbed. Titlepage lightly foxed, else quite clean. Good plus. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Written by the French Revolutionary leader, the Comte de Mirabeau, this work, which was inspired by an American pamphlet on the subject, criticizes the Society of the Cincinnati. The Society of the Cincinnati was created in 1783, at the close of the American Revolution, by the officers of the Continental Army and their French counterparts. Its purpose was to preserve the bonds of friendship between the men, as well as to preserve the rights and liberties for which all had fought. It was a controversial organization because it excluded ordinary soldiers and militia men, and because membership was hereditary; both of these factors led some to think that the Society’s real purpose was to establish a military nobility in America – an idea directly contrary to the founding principles of the country. This edition includes a French translation of Richard Price’s Observations on the Importance of the American Revolution. An interesting work. HOWES M653, “aa.” ESTC T83511. $1000.

113. Moore, William: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM WILLIAM MOORE TO GOVERNOR WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, REQUESTING THE RELEASE OF SEVERAL CIVILIANS]. Phila- delphia. May 7, 1782. [2]pp. plus folded cover. Small quarto. Minor soiling. Very good. Cover with paper loss from wax seal, else very good. In a folio- sized blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Letter written by William Moore, president of Pennsylvania, to Governor William Livingston of New Jersey, requesting that a man and two women being detained in that state be released. William Moore was a Philadelphia merchant who began his political career when he was appointed to serve on the Pennsylvania Council of Safety in 1776. He went on to serve on the state’s board of war, then the Supreme Executive Council, and in 1782, as president of Pennsylvania (the equivalent of governor). He would be actively involved in civic duties in his state until his death in 1793. The recipient, William Livingston, was the first governor of the state of New Jersey, holding that office from 1776 until his death in 1790. Livingston was extremely popular with his constituents, and was fiercely anti-Loyalist. Livingston’s anti-Loyalist zeal may have played a role in the detention of the three persons mentioned in the present letter. Moore writes:

Sir, I am inform’d that Mr. Caspar Wistar on his way from Long Island to this city is detain’d by your Excellency at Trenton on suspicion that when his passport was granted, I was not acquainted with his having come from within the British lines. I can assure your Excellency that the above circumstance was known, & further that [he] has always maintain’d the character of a good Whig & has been on many occasions a very warm friend to the American prisoners of war in the British lines. I likewise understand that two young women of the names of Mitchel & Parish are detain’d at Trenton. I can assure your Excel- lency that both these young women had passes when they left this [state], & shall be oblig’d to you to permit them to come home.

The man in question, Caspar Wistar, was a Philadelphia physician; he earned his first medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1782 before embarking for Scotland to pursue his studies further. He would return to Philadelphia in 1787, where he set up his practice and eventually joined the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. A nice piece of Revolutionary correspondence between the governors of two states, illuminating some of the difficulties faced by travelers during the war. $1500.

114. [Morris, Robert]: [LEDGER CONTAINING LATER TRAN- SCRIPTIONS OF FIFTY-FOUR LETTERS WRITTEN TO ROBERT MORRIS DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. [Various places. 1775-1782, but all copied ca. 1840]. 109pp., approximately 30,000 words. Folio. Dbd., with boards present; gatherings loose. Two leaves significantly torn, not affecting text. A few small chips and edge tears. Neg- ligible soiling. Very good.

A collection of manuscript transcripts of Robert Morris – prominent Philadelphia merchant, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and financier of the Revolu- tion – containing fair copies of letters written to Morris by eminent Revolutionary figures, including Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, John Jay, Horatio Gates, and the Marquis de Lafayette. These appear to have been made from the originals by an unknown scholar about 1840. A number of these letters were published in the Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year 1878 (New York, 1879), a copy of which accompanies the manuscripts. “When differences arose between Britain and its North American colonies after 1763, Morris opposed the revenue measures adopted by Parliament. In 1765 he signed the nonimportation agreement protesting the Stamp Act and with six others persuaded the Philadelphia collector to give up his appointment. In June 1775 Morris was appointed to the Pennsylvania Council of Safety, with special as- signments to procure arms and ammunition and to serve as its banker. In October he was elected to the provincial assembly and made vice president of a renewed council of safety. On 3 November the Pennsylvania legislature elected Morris as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress, where he served on the influential Secret Committee of Trade, Congress’s war department; the critical Committee of Secret Correspondence, Congress’s department of foreign affairs; and the Marine Committee, Congress’s naval department. His dominance of these committees quickly established him as a leading member of Congress. Until December 1776 Morris wrote most of the essential diplomatic correspondence of Congress, but his assignment to the Secret Committee of Trade overshadowed other responsibili- ties....The decision for independence did not come easily to Morris. He and John Dickinson, another delegate from Pennsylvania, abstained from the crucial ballot of 2 July so that the state could vote for independence. However, Morris signed the finished draft of the Declaration of Independence and, thereafter, backed inde- pendence with enthusiasm. His energy, experience, and talent were best displayed when Congress, having withdrawn to Baltimore to escape advancing British forces, vested him with the authority to act on its behalf in Philadelphia in 1776-1777. Among other decisions, he issued orders to the Continental vessels in the Phila- delphia harbor, prepared for the evacuation of stores, and sent supplies and money to General George Washington. Congress praised Morris’s actions: ‘Your whole Conduct since our Flight is highly approv’d,’ wrote John Hancock. In 1778 Morris completed his term as a congressional delegate....By 1781 Morris, now often referred to by contemporaries as the ‘Great Man,’ was regarded as the foremost merchant in America and probably its wealthiest citizen. It was this reputation that prompted the Continental Congress to take the unprecedented step on 20 February 1781 of appointing Morris by a unanimous vote to a new position in the Confederation government, superintendent of finance. In this capacity, Morris made his most important contribution to the nation” – ANB. Morris, who believed in the cause to the extent that he even used his own credit to fund Washington’s troops during the Revolution, favored a federal treasury and monetary system. In his position as superintendent of finance, he worked toward creating some kind of national revenue to pay off what he saw as the national debt – envisioned not as the debt of individual states, but of the new country as a whole. The letters in this ledger relate to Morris’ affairs of state, and are all from the period of his important role in the Revolutionary government. A few examples include:

From Benjamin Franklin, June 3, 1780, regarding “free navigation for neutral ships,” saying “free ships make free goods.” From John Hancock, January 14, 1777, on the government’s retreat from Philadelphia: “I wish to return to Philadelphia.” From William Hooper, February 1, 1777, declaring that “an Impartial world will say with you that he [George Washington] is the Greatest man on Earth.” From John Jay, December 18, 1780, concerning Benedict Arnold’s treasonous plot: “as unexpected as its discovery was fortunate.” From John Jay, November 19, 1780, requesting Morris to “advance twenty pounds sterl. to Miss Kitty Livingston for the use of my little boy.” John Jay, an outspoken New York abolitionist, bought young slaves in order to free them in adulthood (apparently he also hired them out). From Horatio Gates, June 3, 1781, responding to being replaced following his defeat at the : “Surely I cannot be shuffled out of service unless there is or has been some evident design in Individuals to remove me from all command.”

Many other important letters are included from Trent Tilghman, , and Charles Lee, who authored the majority of the letters. Also included are copies of two letters written by Morris to George Washing- ton. The first, written on June 15, 1781, notifying Washington that he, Morris, was now the “Financier Elect.” The second, written July 2, 1781, concerning the financial crisis: “if the Several Legislatures will only do their part with vigour I shall have the Strongest hopes of putting a much better face on our Monied affairs in a Short time.” With later copies (ca. 1900) of sixteen letters, totaling twenty-nine pages, writ- ten to Morris by Charles Lee. The original Morris papers appear to have remained together until 1917, when they were dispersed at an epic auction. Also included is the Stan V. Henkels catalogue, for the auction held January 16, 1917, entitled The Confidential Correspondence of Robert Morris. The auction, billed on the cover as “The most important collection of papers ever offered on Revolutionary Events,” contains many of the original copies of Morris letters included in the ledger. Well worn (loose front wrapper), with penciled notations of prices and buyers in the margins of almost every page. An incredible collection of Revolutionary documents from one of the key figures in government. ANB (online). $3750.

A Revolutionary Non-Intercourse Pact in the Summer of 1774

115. [New Hampshire]: [American Revolution]: WE THE SUBSCRIB- ERS, INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF [blank] HAVING TAKEN INTO OUR SERIOUS CONSIDERATION, THE PRE- CARIOUS STATE OF THE LIBERTIES OF NORTH-AMERICA, AND MORE ESPECIALLY THE PRESENT DISTRESSED CON- DITION OF OUR SISTER COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS- BAY, EMBARRASSED AS IT IS BY SEVERAL ACTS OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT...[first lines of text]. [Portsmouth? 1774]. Broadside, 12 x 8 inches. Old folds. Minor loss and separation at some folds. Minor soiling. Good. In a green half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A rare and important Revolutionary-era broadside, a pledge of the citizens of New Hampshire to stand with their fellows in Massachusetts in a display of economic unity against Great Britain. The broadside calls for a cessation of all commerce between the colonies and the mother country, encouraging American manufactures so that “this covenant and engagement may be as little detrimental to ourselves and fellow countrymen as possible.” It is a direct response to the Intolerable Acts, and in particular the Boston Port Act, which closed the Boston harbor to shipping in May 1774. The text denounces the blockage of Boston Harbor, and appealing to the rhetoric of the day, saying:

And being sensible of our indispensable duty to lay hold on every means in our power to preserve and recover the much injured constitution of our country; and conscious at the same time of no alternative between the horrors of slavery, or the carnage and desolation of a civil war, but a suspension of all commer- cial intercourse with the Island of Great-Britain, do, in the presence of God, solemnly and in good faith, covenant and engage with each other.

Nonimportation was a political weapon skillfully wielded by the colonies begin- ning in 1765, with the successful repeal of the Stamp Act, and again in 1768 with the opposition to the Townshend Acts. In 1774 economic coercion was once again tried by Committees of Correspondence in opposition to the Boston Port Bill and the other Intolerable Acts, and called for non-exportation in addition to a boycott on the import of British goods. This rare New Hampshire broadside calls for complete disconnect with Brit- ish trade, stipulating that those in support will, on the last day of August, break off all trade with those who continue to do business with Great Britain, “until the aforesaid pretended Right of Taxing the Colonies shall be given up or dropped.” From this internal evidence, as well as the dates of the news arriving of the Acts, it was probably printed in July or August of 1774. Rare, with only two copies recorded by NAIP, at the New Hampshire Historical Society and the New York State Library. BRISTOL B3902. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42748. $14,500.

New Jersey Moves Toward Independence: The Critical Meetings of January and February, 1776

116. [New Jersey]: [American Revolution]: JOURNAL OF THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS, AS WELL OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY, AT A SITTING IN JANUARY, 1776, AS THE PROVIN- CIAL CONGRESS OF NEW-JERSEY, AT A SITTING AT NEW- BRUNSWICK, BEGAN JANUARY 31, AND CONTINUED TO THE SECOND DAY OF MARCH FOLLOWING. PUBLISHED BY ORDER. New-York: Printed by John Anderson, 1776. 146,[1]pp. Gath- ered signatures, string-tied, as issued. Slight abrasion along gutter of titlepage. Occasional light tanning, final four leaves stained. Ink ownership stamp on one text page. Tear in upper margin of leaf H, affecting four words. Overall, very good. In original condition, untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

The rare journal of the votes and proceedings of the New Jersey Provincial Congress, from January 9 to March 2, 1776. The Provincial Congress sat at Princeton January 9-13, then reconvened at New Brunswick through the month of February. Most of the actions taken deal with the mechanics of taking control of the government, and in particular military preparedness, including the appointment of officers in the New Jersey militia, the incarceration of prisoners of war, the problems posed by Loyalists, the disposition of captured naval prizes, and assistance to forces in New York. There is also much correspondence with New Jersey county committees, other state committees, and the Continental Congress. A critical chronicle of the New Jersey road to independence. The Congress had this work printed by patriot printer John Anderson in New York, presumably in March 1776. No copy has appeared at auction since the Thomas Streeter copy in 1967 ($800 to Nebenzahl). EVANS 14913. NAIP w019964. SABIN 53139. STREETER SALE 925. $28,500.

The Fight Over State Funded Clergy

117. [New York]: [Anglican Church]: TO THE PUBLIC. FEW ARE IGNORANT, THAT THE ASSEMBLYMEN OF THIS COLONY, WHERE ANCIENTLY INDUCED TO CONSENT TO TAX THE FOUR COUNTIES...[caption title]. [with, printed on verso:] AN ACT TO EXEMPT THE INHABITANTS OF THE COUNTIES OF WEST-CHESTER, NEW-YORK, QUEEN’S AND RICHMOND, FROM ANY TAXATIONS FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE MINIS- TERS OF CHURCHES TO WHICH THEY DO NOT BELONG [caption title]. [New York: John Holt, 1770]. [2]pp. Broadsheet, 16 x 10 inches. Old folds, with some separation and minor loss; repaired with tissue on verso at one fold. Minor soiling. Good.

One of the hot-button issues of the period just prior to the Revolution was the movement to establish the Anglican Church in America, as it was in Ireland. This was proposed and seriously debated in Virginia, but most heatedly in New York, where it was a bigger issue than any stamp or excise taxes. This broadsheet, printed by Revolutionary printer John Holt, relates the circumstances of a bill under discus- sion in the provincial legislature which would exempt residents of four counties in New York from paying taxes to support the Anglican clergy, and discusses the back door transactions surrounding it. The first side explains the progress of the bill through the legislature, while the verso gives a “true copy” of the act. Only four copies in ESTC, at the American Antiquarian Society, John Carter Brown Library, New-York Historical, and the New York Public Library. EVANS 11890. ESTC W28137. $3750.

The Opening Gun

118. Otis, James: THE RIGHTS OF THE BRITISH COLONIES AS- SERTED AND PROVED. Boston, Printed; London, Reprinted. [1765]. 120pp. Later blue paper wrappers. Very minor foxing and toning. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

First British edition, after the original Boston edition of 1764, of the first major political statement from the American colonies after the end of the French and Indian War, and the opening of the political dispute which ended with American Independence. “The writer, a native of Boston, was one of the first and most influ- ential of the controversialists on the popular side. This piece was read in ms. to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and was published with their though not by their orders. The Instructions of May, 1764, in the Appendix, were drawn by Samuel Adams....‘A very zealous defence of the colonies, tending to prove that...no part of his Majesty’s dominions can constitutionally be taxed without their own consent’ – Monthly Review” – Sabin. “...The Rights is a closely reasoned statement of the constitutional position of the colonies in the single commonwealth that Otis believed the British Empire to be. In it were developed the principles... to which Otis remained faithful while he kept his reason” – DAB. The pamphlet was written in protest against the new Sugar Revenue Act of 1764, the first of the onerous taxes proposed for the American colonies. Otis was the political leader of Massachusetts Bay for much of the 1760s, until his instability of mind overwhelmed him in 1769. “Marks an important stage in the growth of a revolutionary frame of mind and in the history of American constitutionalism” – Bailyn. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 4b. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 64-15b. SABIN 57866. BAILYN, PAMPHLETS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 7. DAB XIV, pp.101-5. ESTC T98780. $3750.

The Beginning of the Debate: Otis Argues for Colonial Representation

119. Otis, James: A VINDICATION OF THE BRITISH COLONIES, AGAINST THE ASPERSIONS OF THE HALIFAX GENTLE- MAN, IN HIS LETTER TO A RHODE-ISLAND FRIEND. Boston. 1765. 32pp. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor toning and foxing. Trimmed, not affecting text. Very good.

Otis replies to Martin Howard’s A Letter from a Gentleman at Halifax (1765), the first loyalist tract of the Revolution. The work is an important early argument for proper colonial representation within the British state: “It will however by no means from thence follow, that ‘tis always expedient, and in all circumstances equitable for the supreme and sovereign legislative to tax the colonies, much less that ‘tis reason- able this right should be practised upon without allowing the colonies an actual representation.” Otis was the political leader of Massachusetts Bay for much of the 1760s, until his instability of mind overwhelmed him in 1769. “Otis’ pamphlets probably had more influence in America and England, before 1774, than those of any other American except John Dickinson” – DAB. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 20a. EVANS 10117. STREETER SALE 738. HOWES O148. SABIN 57868. BAILYN, PAMPHLETS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 11. ESTC W29668. LAPIDUS, LIBERTY & THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, p.37. $12,500. Item 119.

A Signer of the Declaration Tries to Feed the Army After Yorktown

120. Paca, William: [DRAFT OF AN AUTOGRAPH LETTER FROM WILLIAM PACA TO JOHN VOORHEES, DISCUSSING FOR- AGE FOR THE ARMY]. Talbot County Courthouse [Md.]. Nov. 2, 1781. [1]p., docketed on verso; with manuscript corrections and additions. Folio. Old fold lines. Document separated into two pieces along central horizontal fold. Light soiling. Good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Unsigned draft of a letter in the hand of William Paca – Maryland signer of the Declaration of Independence – to Captain John Voorhees of the New Jersey Militia, discussing the need for forage for cattle and flour for the Army. William Paca was a Maryland politician and lawyer who signed the Declaration of Independence and would go on to become the third governor of Maryland and later a federal judge. At the time this letter was written, Paca was sitting as a judge on the Court of Ap- peals for Admiralty and Prize Cases. In 1787, Paca declined to serve as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and opposed the Constitution when it was made public because it lacked a Bill of Rights, though he would become a firm supporter of the federal government once the Bill of Rights was added. In this letter Paca writes to John Voorhees, captain of the New Jersey militia, lamenting that he is not able to do more for the army by way of forage or supplies, but hoping that the current feeling of public spirit will be pervasive enough that the populace will be willing to assist the army. The Continental Army had won a decisive victory at Yorktown just two weeks before, which would be the last major battle of the American Revolution. He writes: “Surely on such an occasion as the present there must be public spirit enough to lend the state a little hay and pasturage for the support of a few cattel for a few days.” His letter reads, in full:

Sir, We rec’d yours of the 25th and in answer thereto we can only say we wish it were in our power to enable you to fulfill your engagements for forage for cattle: we have had a small sum of hard money sent us for the special purpose of getting flour barrels, & therefore cant be applied to other purposes, which is far short of the sum wanted; we have requested Mr. Rd. Tilghman with whom we have lodged fifty pounds to pay you a proportion of it to satisfie as far as possible your contracts for flour barrels. If forage is wanted for cattle try all the means of persuasion to get it of the well affected: surely on such an occasion as the present there must be public spirit enough to lend the state a little hay & pasturage for the support of a few cattel for a few days [crossed out:] but if persuasion will not do however painful and distressing it is to give the order we must nevertheless submit to the necessity of the case and direct you to seize such forage as the subsistence of the cattel requires.

An excellent letter, highlighting the perennial problem of supplying the Continental Army. $4000.

Combining a Signer and a Key General

121. Paine, Robert Treat: Gates, Horatio: [THREE MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS, ALL ON A SINGLE SHEET OF PAPER, RE- LATING TO PAY FOR NATHANIEL SNOW AND HIS MILI- TIA DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, SIGNED BY ROBERT TREAT PAINE AND MAJOR GENERAL HORATIO GATES]. Raynham, Ma. 1779. [2]pp. manuscript on a folio sheet. Lightly silked. Paper darkened and stained. Writing on verso a bit faint. Good. In a half morocco and cloth folding box, spine gilt.

An interesting group of documents relating to the Revolutionary War service of Captain Nathaniel Snow’s militia, signed by Robert Treat Paine (a signer of the Declaration of Independence) and by Revolutionary War Major General Horatio Gates. The verso of the sheet contains “A Pay Abstract of Capt. Nath’l. Snow’s Company of Militia,” listing the names and ranks of the fifty-eight men in the militia, their time served, and the pay due them. It is attested to by Snow and dated March 15, 1779 at Raynham, Massachusetts. At the top of the recto of the sheet is an attestation that the information on the recto “is just and true.” This attestation, also dated March 15, 1779, is signed by Robert Treat Paine as justice of the peace. Below the attestation on the recto is a letter dated at Providence on May 31, 1779, instructing Benjamin Stelle, deputy Pay Master General of the Army in the State of Rhode Island, to pay Nathaniel Snow $404 for his militia’s service. This letter is signed by Major General Horatio Gates. Robert Treat Paine (1731-1814) was one of the five Massachusetts delegates to the Continental Convention who signed the Declaration of Independence. Born in Boston, a graduate of Harvard, Paine was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1757. One of Paine’s earliest and most celebrated trials came when the town of Boston hired him as one of the prosecuting attorneys for the Boston Massacre trials, in opposition to John Adams. Paine was elected to the provincial assembly in 1770, and chosen delegate (along with John and Samuel Adams, Elbridge Gerry, and John Hancock) to the Continental Congress of 1774 and 1776. Horatio Gates (ca. 1727-1806) was a British-born army officer who served with General Braddock during the French and Indian War. He was part of the ill-fated Braddock Expedition (along with George Washington) to capture Fort Duquesne in and retake the Ohio Valley in 1755. When the Revolutionary War broke out, Gates offered his services to Washington, and was in command of the Northern Department at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, an important victory for the Continental Army. His signature is scarce. $4250.

122. [Paine, Thomas]: ADDITIONS TO COMMON SENSE; AD- DRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF AMERICA. Philadelphia printed: London re-printed: J. Almon, 1776. 47,[1]pp. Dbd. Very minor scat- tered soiling. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder, spine gilt.

Collection of ten responding to Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (though none of them written by Paine). Contents include “American Independence Defended” by Candidus; “Ancient Testimony and Principles of the People Called Quakers” by John Pemberton; “The Propriety of Independency” by Demophilus; “A Review of the American Contest” by A Friend to Posterity and Mankind; “Proposal for a Confederation of the Colonies”; and others. GIMBEL CS-203. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-75b. $1250. 123. [Paine, Thomas]: COMMON SENSE: ADDRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF AMERICA, ON THE FOLLOWING IN- TERESTING SUBJECTS...A NEW EDITION, WITH SEVERAL ADDITIONS IN THE BODY OF THE WORK. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX; TOGETHER WITH AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE CALLED QUAKERS. Philadelphia, printed; London, re-printed: For J. Almon, 1776. [4],54pp. Modern green half roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed, modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor scattered foxing. Very good.

The first British edition, third issue, of Paine’s monumentally important pamphlet. The work was of such general interest that this London edition was issued before the Declaration of Independence, with notices of it appearing in periodicals in June 1776. Gimbel identifies four separate issues of this first London printing: issued with Plain Truth... with blank spaces where offending passages (hiatuses) were left out; the same with blanks completed in manuscript; issued by itself with the blank spaces; and by itself with the blanks completed in manuscript. The present copy conforms to the third description, though in the introduction the hiatuses have been filled with printed text. The hiatuses replaced words in Paine’s original text that cast aspersions on the British crown and government. Usually the blank spaces simply replace words, but sometimes they remove entire phrases or sentences. GIMBEL CS-26. HOWES P17. SABIN 58214. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-107c. AMERI- CAN INDEPENDENCE 222y. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 14. $12,500.

Pitt’s Famous Pro-American Addresses

124. [Pitt, William]: GENUINE ABSTRACTS FROM TWO SPEECH- ES OF THE LATE EARL OF CHATHAM: AND HIS REPLY TO THE EARL OF SUFFOLK. London. 1779. viii,58pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light foxing and soiling. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

Edited by Hugh Boyd after Pitt’s death, this work publishes the two famous speeches made by William Pitt the Elder, by then Earl of Chatham, concerning the American Revolution. The first speech, of Jan. 20, 1775, one of the most famous orations of the entire Revolution on either side, concerns the removal of troops from Boston, and the second speech, of Nov. 20, 1777, deals with the state of British affairs as a result of the American war. In both Pitt spoke strongly in favor of the Ameri- can side of the argument, praising the Continental Congress and trying to find a political solution. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-16. ESTC T102141. SABIN 63069. $2500. Running the American Colonies

125. Pownall, Thomas: THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE COLO- NIES. (THE FOURTH EDITION.) WHEREIN THEIR RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTION ARE DISCUSSED AND STATED.... London: J. Walter, 1768. [iii]-xxxi,318,73pp. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, manuscript title in ink. Extremities worn, hinges rubbed, boards with some soiling and scuffing. Quite clean internally. About very good. In a brown half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Fourth and best edition. This was one of the most influential books on the American colonies written before the Revolution. Pownall had a distinguished career as an enlightened colonial administrator and served as governor of several British Ameri- can colonies. He also gave serious consideration to the business of governing the colonies, writing the present work on his return from North America. Pownall felt that imperial form was necessary, arguing that the colonies would only be bound to Britain by a sound and equitable economic balance. A moderate man with sympa- thy for the Americans, he issued successive editions of his widely read book, with revisions, through a seventh edition in 1777. Pownall writes: “The whole train of events, the whole course of business, must perpetually bring forward into practice, and necessarily in the end, into establishment – either an American or a British union – There is no other alternative....” HOWES P539. SABIN 64817. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 64-16d. $3000.

126. [Pownall, Thomas]: A MEMORIAL, MOST HUMBLY AD- DRESSED TO THE SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE, ON THE PRESENT STATE OF AFFAIRS, BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW WORLD. London. 1780. [2],viii,127pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor shelf wear. Minor scattered foxing. Very good. In a red half morocco and cloth folder.

First edition. By 1780, Pownall, long considered sympathetic to the position of the American colonists, was finishing a lengthy career in Parliament. His work discusses the importance to Europe of the American Revolution and the ideas it espoused. It also considers the political, economic, and trade consequences for the nations of Europe of an independent America. Pownall’s work was quite popular and was quickly translated into French, with the assistance and encouragement of John Adams. ESTC N4078. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-67a. HOWES P542, “aa.” $2250.

127. Pownall, Thomas: MEMOIRE ADRESSE AUX SOUVERAINS DE L’EUROPE, SUR L’ETAT PRESENT DES AFFAIRES DE L’ANCIEN & DU NOUVEAU MONDE. London [i.e. Brussels]. 1781. [4],6,[2],vii,82pp. Half title. 20th-century half morocco and boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Some minor toning and soiling. Very good.

Pownall’s work was originally published in 1780 as A Memorial Most Humbly Ad- dressed to the Sovereigns of Europe, and was quickly translated into French, with the assistance and encouragement of John Adams. By 1780, Pownall, long considered sympathetic to the position of the American colonists, was finishing a lengthy ca- reer in Parliament. His work discusses the importance to Europe of the American Revolution and the ideas it espoused. It also considers the political, economic, and trade consequences for the nations of Europe of an independent America. Only a handful of copies noted by ESTC. ESTC T153529. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-67c. SABIN 64827. $2000.

Item 129. Annotated By a Close Reader

128. Price, Richard: THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SUP- PLEMENT TO THE TWO TRACTS ON CIVIL LIBERTY, THE WAR WITH AMERICA, AND THE FINANCES OF THE KING- DOM. London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1778. [2],xxvi and 181-216pp. (bound in at the end of the volume). [bound with:] Price, Richard: OBSERVA- TIONS ON THE NATURE OF CIVIL LIBERTY, THE PRINCI- PLES OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE JUSTICE AND POLICY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA.... London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1776. [8],132pp. The Fifth Edition. [bound with:] Price, Richard: ADDI- TIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF CIVIL LIB- ERTY, AND THE WAR WITH AMERICA.... London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1777. xxi,[1],176pp., plus folding table. The Third Edition, with Additions. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt, t.e.g. Institutional bookplate (stamped “duplicate released”) on front pastedown. An occasional light fox mark. Near fine, untrimmed along foredge and lower edge.

An unusual grouping of two of Richard Price’s most important works, accompanied by a general introduction and supplementary material. The volume is enhanced by the addition of extensive contemporary marginalia in the third title, showing the contentiousness of the issues raised in Price’s works. Richard Price was a well-known British Presbyterian minister and the author of several notable books about moral philosophy and . He was particularly friendly with a number of Americans, and vigorously argued their part in the British debate over colonial taxation and government. Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty... was one of the most important pro-American works published as the debate neared its crisis in 1776. One of the most influential political pamphlets written by an Englishman who sympathized with the American colonies, this work first appeared in February 1776 in London and went through numerous editions. The following year Price produced his Additional Observations... as a sequel to the earlier work. The General Introduction was published in 1778, and is present here in one of two issues of the first edition. Price used this work to clarify points he made earlier, and to advance his arguments further. Adams notes that it is often found bound up with varying editions of the two earlier works, as is the case here. The present copy is enhanced by the presence in the Additional Observations... of copious manuscript marginalia in a contemporary hand. The notes appear in the margins of most pages in the first third of the text, and they display a contentious tone on the part of the reader. The annotator argues with Price on a wide variety of topics, from the definition and desirability of “liberty,” to the role and powers of government, and the bonds that tie together . The notes amount to a running debate with Price, though the writer does occasionally concede when Price makes what he considers valid points. Though unsigned, the marginalia would indicate that the reader/annotator was involved at some level in policy decisions, or was possibly a parliamentarian. An important grouping of works on liberty by a pro-American Englishman, and with contemporary manuscript notes showing how hotly debated were the issues involved in the American Revolution. HOWES P584, P586, P583. SABIN 65447, 65452, 65444. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-88b, 76-118e, 77-75c. $2000.

Massachusetts Fights Back Against the Boston Port Bill

129. Quincy, Josiah, Jr.: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACT OF PARLIA- MENT, COMMONLY CALLED THE BOSTON PORT-BILL; WITH THOUGHTS ON CIVIL SOCIETY AND STANDING ARMIES. Boston. 1774. [2],82pp. Stitched as issued, later stitching. Minor soiling. Very good plus. Untrimmed. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

This pamphlet presents the author’s case against the first of the Intolerable Acts, which established the blockade of the Boston harbor. The Bill was passed in March 1774, in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. The closing of Boston harbor, and the other Intolerable Acts, did more to bring together in the colonies, and led directly to calling of the First Continental Congress. Quincy was a leading figure in Massachusetts patriotic circles. In this work he excoriates Parliament for punishment of a whole community in response to the acts of private persons, likewise attacking standing armies as “armed monsters,” “fatal to religion, morals, and social happiness,” as well as liberty. A major political argument against the Crown’s unjust actions, and a critical work on the road to Revolution. Often reprinted, this is the first edition. HOWES Q18. EVANS 13561. SABIN 67192. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 132a. $9500.

130. Ramsay, David: THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLU- TION. London: John Stockdale, 1791. Two volumes bound in one. viii,[iii]- vi,359,[2]; [4],360,[2]pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Some light scattered soiling, else very good.

First British edition of Ramsay’s celebrated history, after its first appearance in Philadelphia in 1789. As a historian and public figure, Ramsay made an important contribution to events in America. His service as a military surgeon resulted in imprisonment at St. Augustine for a year after the capture of Charleston. After the war and until his assassination in 1815, he wrote a number of works of lasting historical value. A fundamental history of the war. HOWES R34. SABIN 67687. $1000.

131. Ratzer, Bernard: PLAN OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. London: Jefferys & Faden, Jan. 12, 1776 [but later, paper watermarked “Ruse & Turners / 1831”]. Copper-engraved map by Thomas Kitchin, dedicatory title cartouche. Image size (including text): 22 7/8 x 34 5/8 inches. Sheet size: 26 3/4 x 38 1/2 inches. In good condition, apart from some expert repairs to old folds and the lower margin.

A fine copy of an apparently unrecorded issue of Cumming’s second state of this important plan of New York, including the Jefferys & Faden imprint: “Made just prior to the Revolution, the Ratzen [sic] plan was the most accurate and useful survey of New York then circulating” (Deák). “Ratzer was an experienced surveyor and a fine draughtsman” (Cumming) whose very fine plan was based on John Montresor’s hurried survey of 1765. Cumming goes on to note that Ratzer’s plan was “much more carefully surveyed and drafted than Montresor’s map; the wharves along the Sound are detailed, the streets given names, and new buildings and streets on either side of the Bowery entered.” It was engraved by Thomas Kitchin, who mistakenly recorded the cartographer’s name as “Ratzen.” According to Deák, the plan “details a portion of the city extending from the Battery to a point south of today’s Grand Street. The road to Greenwich (along the Hudson), Broadway, and the Bowry Lane (the high road to Boston) are the principal north-south streets immediately apparent. Across the river, a small part of Long Island is shown, with the important Brookland Ferry clearly indi- cated. Thirty-one numbered references to the major landmarks are given below the dedicatory cartouche. These include Fort George, various churches, religious meetinghouses, the Exchange, and marketplaces. The nineteenth reference is to ‘The College’ (i.e. King’s College), today’s Columbia University, originally located on spacious grounds overlooking the Hudson, south of Murray Street.” The index in fact illustrates a degree of religious tolerance that would have been found in very few cities around the world and adumbrates the great heterogenity that has charac- terized the city throughout its history. There is a diverse collection of Protestant sects including Calvinist, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Huguenot (“French church”) as well as a synagogue (Roman Catholicism and the non-Christian African religions were practiced secretly). In the prominent family estates north of the city proper, we see another constant of New York history: the rich. The Rutgers, the Bayards, the De Lanceys, and others have ample properties of ever increasingly valuable land, and whose orchards, fields, and residences are all rather unimaginable to anyone familiar with these sites today. On one of the Rutgers’ family rental properties, there is Ranelagh Garden (north Church Street), a tavern whose symmetrical garden and orchard are carefully delineated. This issue of the Plan... was unknown to Cumming (writing in 1979) and does not appear to have been recorded since. Cumming lists a copy of Ratzer’s “Map” with “Ruse & Turners” watermarks, but was uncertain if the watermark date was 1831 or 1851. The watermark date on the present example of the Plan is “Ruse & Turners / 1831.” Since both the Cumming copy of the Map and the present Plan appear to have been printed on the same batch of paper, it is highly probable that they were printed at the same time. What is certain is that the present work is finely printed on top quality paper and that the image shows no apparent differ- ences or wear when compared with the earlier issue. W.P. Cumming, “The Montresor-Ratzer-Sauthier Sequence of Maps of New York City, 1766-76” 5b, 9b in IMAGO MUNDI 31, pp.55-65. DEÁK, PICTURING AMERICA 120. ENO 29. MANHAT- TAN IN MAPS, pp.73-77. REPS, HISTORIC URBAN PLANS. STOKES ICONOGRAPHY 1, p.342. (all refs) $22,500.

“All is despondency and terror in New York...”

132. Reed, Joseph: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JO- SEPH REED TO JAMES SMITH, RELATING NEWS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Philadelphia. Aug. 11, 1779. [2]pp. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Old folds. Minor losses at some folds, primarily to address leaf. Minor soiling. Very good. In a red half morocco clamshell case, spine gilt.

Letter written by Joseph Reed, president of Pennsylvania, to James Smith, lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence, conveying a resolution of the Pennsylvania government and news of the American Revolution. Joseph Reed (1741-85) was a distinguished Philadelphia lawyer and Revolutionary officer who served as General Washington’s secretary and aide-de-camp, and subsequently as adjutant general of the Continental Army. He was president of Pennsylvania from late 1778 to 1781, and was a counselor for the state of Pennsylvania during the Wyoming Controversy, the land dispute with Connecticut. His correspondent, James Smith, was a lawyer who served as a delegate to the Pennsylvania constitutional convention of 1776. He was subsequently sent to the Continental Congress, where he took his place in history among those who put their name to the Declaration of Independence. In 1784 he likewise served Pennsylvania during the Wyoming Controversy. Reed’s letter indicates that he is passing on to Smith a Resolution of the Board. At this time Smith was at his home in York, and the matter may have related to his service in the state assembly, or his legal practice. Reed writes: “Sir, I duly received your favour & now inclose you a Resolution of the Board on the desired subject. As soon as the Secretary can make out a Pardon in form it will be sent to you.” But the real meat of the letter is in the post script, which reads:

P.S. I cannot help congratulating you on the great events which have lately happened. The English fleet defeated, Grenada taken, the Spanish mediation rejected and of course an immediate declaration on her part. We have very authentick accounts that there will be a junction of the two fleets making in the whole 52 sail of the line. We expect every moment to hear further events from the West Indies, Count D’Estaing having gone to St. Kitts in pursuit of Byron. We are sanguine enough to expect a surrender of that island & even the fleet & troops. All is despondency & terror at New York. Clinton is gone home. Ld. Cornwallis has the command & we have every reason to expect he will confine himself to York Island.

A good letter from the president of Pennsylvania to a signer of the Declaration of Independence. $3000.

133. [Robinson, Matthew, Baron Rokeby]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MEASURES CARRYING ON WITH RESPECT TO THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA. London. [1774]. [4],160pp. Half title. 19th-century three-quarter red morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Front hinge cracked, extremities worn. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light soiling and wear to half title. Minor scattered fox- ing to text. Good. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

Robinson was very sympathetic to the cause of the American colonists, and his pamphlet was certainly popular with the most radical element in the colonies, for it was reprinted in America after this first edition was issued. “The author is one of the most candid and best informed of any of the late writers on the interests of Great Britain and her colonies” – Monthly Review. “Strongly critical of Lord North’s policy, and also of Franklin’s conduct” – Howes. HOWES R372, “aa.” SABIN 72151. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-68a. AMERICAN IN- DEPENDENCE 134a. ESTC T142060. $1000.

134. [Robinson, Matthew, Baron Rokeby]: A FURTHER EXAMINA- TION OF OUR PRESENT AMERICAN MEASURES AND OF THE REASONS AND THE PRINCIPLES ON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED. BY THE AUTHOR OF CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MEASURES CARRYING ON WITH RESPECT TO THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH-AMERICA. Bath. 1776. [2],256pp. Lacks the half title. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A continuation of the author’s previous publication and an important work of Revolutionary Americana. The author concedes American independence, calls for peace, and emphasizes old ties between the Americans and the British: All the old and the mutual ties, the union, the conjunction between Great Britain and our ancient North-America are now cut, severed and dissolved... but what ought most nearly to concern us, we have parted with a people who have for ages past been to us most cordial, as countrymen, most affectionate, as friends....

AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-134. SABIN 72154. GEPHART 3222. HOWES R373. ESTC T95753. $1250.

135. Saunders, Richard [pseud]: POOR RICHARD IMPROVED: BE- ING AN ALMANACK AND EPHEMERIS OF THE MOTIONS OF THE SUN AND MOON...FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD Item 136. 1780.... Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Hall and Sellers, [1779]. [36]pp. including in-text woodcut illustrations. 12mo. Printed self-wrappers, stitched. Additional stab holes in blank gutter. Contemporary ink signature of Jacob Brickets in margins of titlepage and p.[36]. Small portion of titlepage lacking (about an inch square) repaired with missing portion corrected in manuscript. Outer leaves lightly soiled, else clean and very good.

Revolutionary War-era Poor Richard’s almanac, containing a list of “Reflections on different Subjects of Morality” and numerous other aphorisms, anecdotes, and medicinal recipes. Woodcuts illustrating the different signs of the zodiac accom- pany each month of the almanac. The illustration “The Anatomy of Man’s Body, as govern’d by the Twelve Constellations” appears on page [5]. DRAKE 10100. EVANS 16517. NAIP w021198. $2500.

The “Holster Atlas”: One of the Most Important Atlases of the American Revolution, Designed for Use in the Field

136. Sayer, Robert, and John Bennet [publishers]: THE AMERICAN MILITARY POCKET ATLAS; BEING AN APPROVED COLLEC- TION OF CORRECT MAPS, BOTH GENERAL AND PARTIC- ULAR, OF THE BRITISH COLONIES; ESPECIALLY THOSE WHICH NOW ARE, OR PROBABLY MAY BE THE THEATRE OF WAR: TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM THE ACTUAL SUR- VEYS AND JUDICIOUS OBSERVATIONS OF ENGINEERS... AND OTHER OFFICERS EMPLOYED IN HIS MAJESTY’S FLEETS AND ARMIES. London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennet, [1776]. Titlepage, 2pp. dedication to “Gov. Pownall,” 2pp. “Advertisement,” 1p. “List of maps”; and six folding engraved maps, all handcolored in outline, all cut into sections, hinged with linen and folded. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century half russia over contemporary marbled paper-covered boards, spine ruled in gilt in compartments, lettered direct in the second compartment, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt. Large triangle from upper outer corner of dedication leaf torn away without affecting the text. Else very good.

The “Holster Atlas” was issued at the suggestion of Governor George Pownall and included the “maps that the British high command regarded as providing essential topographical information in the most convenient form” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg). This collection of maps was published by Sayer and Bennet at the beginning of the Revolution for the use of British officers. “Surveys and Topographical Charts being fit only for a Library, such maps as an Officer may take with him into the Field have been much wanted. The following Collection forms a Portable Atlas of North America, calculated in its Bulk and Price suit the Pockets of Officers of all Ranks” (Advertisement). Although the publishers claimed the atlas would fit into an officer’s pocket, it was more usually carried in a holster and thus gained its nickname. The atlas was generally bound in an octavo format, though in the case of this copy, it has been bound in quarto boards. The six maps are as follow:

1) Dunn, Samuel: North America, as Divided Amongst the European Powers. By Samuel Dunn, Mathematician. London: printed for Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 13¾ x 19 inches. Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). 2) Dunn, Samuel A Compleat Map of the West Indies, Containing the Coasts of Florida, Louisiana, New Spain, and Terra Firma: With All the Islands. London: Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (14 x 19 inches). Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). The “Advertisement” describes these first two maps as “a general map of the part of the globe, called North America, and a second general map of those islands, shores, gulfs, and bays, which form what is commonly called the West Indies; these we consider as introductory, and as giving a general idea, and we trust a just one.” 3) A General Map of the Northern British Colonies in America. Which Comprehends the Province of Quebec, the Government of Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New-England and New-York. From the Maps Published by the Admiralty and Board of Trade, Regulated by the Astronomic and Trigonometric Observations of Major Holland and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 14, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20 x 27¾ inches). First state, also issued as a separate map. This map was re-issued in 1788 with the title changed to reflect the new political realities. McCORKLE 776.11. SELL- ERS & VAN EE 143. STEVENS & TREE 65. 4) Evans, Lewis: A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, in America. Containing Virginia, Maryland, the Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. With the Addition of New York, and the Greatest Part of New England, as Also of the Bordering Parts of the Province of Quebec, Improved from Several Surveys Made After the Late War, and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennet, Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20¼ x 28 inches). Based on Lewis Evans’ map of 1755, with additions and corrections. STEPHEN- SON & McKEE, VIRGINIA, p.82 (an image of the Evans map). 5) Romans, Bernard: A General Map of the Southern British Colonies, in America. Comprehending North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, with the Neighbouring Indian Countries. From the Modern Surveys of Engineer de Brahm, Capt. Collet, Mouzon & Others; and from the Large Hydrographical Survey of the Coasts of East and West Florida. By B. Romans. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennett [sic], Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20¾ x 27 inches). Based on charts and maps by Romans and others. 6) Brassier, William Furness: A Survey of Lake Champlain Including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John, Surveyed by Order of...Sr. Jeffery Amherst...by William Brassier, Draughtsman. 1762. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 5, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (28 x 20½ inches). Also issued as the first separately published map of Lake Champlain, this excellent detailed chart was based on a survey made during the French and Indian War, but not published until the Revolution. The map was issued in two states and is included here in its appropriate (and preferred) second state, illustrating the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy: the Battle of Valcour Island, which transpired near present-day Plattsburgh, New York. Also included is an inset illustrating America’s first naval battle, in which General Benedict Arnold, though forced back down the lake, was able to delay the British attempt to descend to the Hudson for that year. No mention, of course, is made of Ethan Allen’s taking of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.

An important collection of Revolutionary-era American maps. FITE & FREEMAN, A BOOK OF OLD MAPS, pp.212-16. HOWES A208. NEBENZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, pp.61-63. PHILLIPS ATLASES 1206. RUMSEY, p.311. SABIN 1147. SCHWARTZ & EHRENBERG, p.190. STREETER SALE 73. CLARK I:189. $28,500.

Extra-Illustrated

137. Seward, Anna: MONODY ON MAJOR ANDRE. TO WHICH ARE ADDED LETTERS ADDRESSED TO HER BY MAJOR ANDRE, IN THE YEAR 1769. Lichfield. 1781. vi,47pp., extra-illustrated with nine plates. Lacks the half title. Quarto. Modern paneled calf, boards and spine gilt, leather labels. Extremities lightly rubbed, boards lightly scuffed. Bright and clean internally. Very good.

An extra-illustrated copy of the second edition, after the first of the same year, of this tribute to the unfortunate André. This edition includes verses “To Miss Seward” by W. Hayley. The added plates include portraits of the principal players in the story, including Major André, George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the author, as well as a print of the capture of André and of the elaborate funeral monument. Also tipped in is a copy of the satirical cartoon, “The Loss of Eden and Eden Lost,” published in London in 1785, which mocks the easy treachery of Benedict Arnold. SABIN 79478. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-65b. ESTC T41383. $2500.

138. Shebbeare, John: AN ANSWER TO THE QUERIES CONTAINED IN A LETTER TO DR. SHEBBEARE...TOGETHER WITH ANI- MADVERSIONS ON TWO SPEECHES IN DEFENCE OF THE PRINTERS OF A PAPER, SUBSCRIBED A SOUTH BRITON.... London. [1774]. 179pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Near fine. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

A relatively scarce work by the prolific British political writer and physician, John Shebbeare. The chief interest for Americanists lies in Shebbeare’s discussion of the Quebec Act and his lengthy consideration of the question of the taxation of the American colonies. Usually a critic of the British , Shebbeare here defends the policies of George III toward the colonies. With regard to the Ameri- cans (“republican malcontents”), he scoffs at the notion that they are being taxed without representation and asserts that they should fulfill their duties as British subjects. He also undertakes a long diatribe against King William III, though criticism of dead had earned Shebbeare jail time in the past. The publica- tion date is commonly ascribed as 1775, but Adams notes that copies in the British Library and the Walpole Library in Farmington, Connecticut have notes indicating purchase in November 1774. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-73a. SABIN 80040. ESTC N15230. $1000.

139. Smith, William: A SERMON ON THE PRESENT SITUATION OF AMERICAN AFFAIRS. PREACHED IN CHRIST-CHURCH, JUNE 23, 1775. AT THE REQUEST OF THE OFFICERS OF THE THIRD BATTALION OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, AND DISTRICT OF SOUTHWARK. Philadelphia: James Humphreys, Jr., 1775. [4],iv,32pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. Early ownership signature on titlepage. Light, even tanning, some light foxing. Overall, very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

An important sermon, delivered shortly after the . Its author, William Smith (1727-1803), was an Anglican clergyman, teacher, and first provost of the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia. Although Smith opposed the Stamp Act and argued strongly for full rights and representation of the American colonies, he did not favor independence – a position that placed him, at the outset of the Revolution, in “an embarrassing predicament” (DAB). The present sermon, preached before Congress at Christ Church, Philadelphia, June 28, 1775, “...created a great sensation. It went through many editions and was translated into several foreign languages. It opposed British measures and awakened patriotism, but in its preface Smith professed himself as ‘ardently panting for a return of those Halcyon-days of harmony’ and as ‘animated with purest zeal for the mutual interests of Great-Britain and the Colonies’” (DAB). American Independence lists fifteen issues and editions of this text for 1775; of these, 196a and 196b (the present issue) are first, with Adams noting that no at- tempt has been made to determine priority between the two issues. NAIP w029211. EVANS 14459. BRISTOL B4116. HILDEBURN 3288. HOWES S697. SABIN 84651. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 196b. DAB XVII, pp.353-57. $1000.

The First Printing of the Stamp Act

140. [Stamp Act]: ANNO REGNI GEORGII III...AN ACT FOR GRANTING AND APPLYING CERTAIN STAMP DUTIES, AND OTHER DUTIES, IN THE BRITISH COLONIES AND PLAN- TATIONS IN AMERICA, TOWARDS FURTHER DEFRAYING THE EXPENCES OF DEFENDING, PROTECTING, AND SE- CURING THE SAME...[caption title]. London: Printed by Mark Bas- kett, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, 1765. [2],279-310pp. Folio. Bound to style in three-quarter antique calf and marbled boards, spine gilt extra, leather label. Fine.

The official British folio printing of the Stamp Act, the passage of which was one of the signal events in the history of the United States. After its successful effort in the French and Indian War, the British government was saddled with a massive debt. Added to this was the cost of administering its new lands in Canada, and the necessity of protecting colonists on the American frontier from Indian attacks. In order to raise funds for border defenses, the British Parliament decided to levy a tax directly on the colonists, rather than relying on colonial legislatures to raise the funds themselves (the colonies having a notoriously spotty track record in such efforts). Over the protests of colonial agents in London, including Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania and Jared Ingersoll of Connecticut, a tax was levied on all legal and commercial papers, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, cards, and dice. Nine pages in the present act are taken up with descriptions of what type of printed materials would be subject to the tax. A Stamp Office was created in Britain, and Stamp Inspectors were to be assigned to each colonial district. Colonists wishing to purchase or use any of the materials covered in the Act would be required to buy a stamp. The outrage in the colonies at this form of taxation was immediate and overwhelming, and the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766. The bitterness engendered by the Act lingered on and, coupled with subsequent British laws including the Intolerable Acts and the Townshend Acts, became some of the many grievances enunciated in the Declaration of Independence. “This is the original folio edition of the famous (or infamous) Stamp Act, by which the American colonies were taxed in and on their business papers” – Church. “The importance of this act to our history needs no comment” – Streeter. Sabin and Howes note an octavo edition of sixty-six pages, also printed by Baskett in London in 1765. This momentous law was reprinted several times in the American colonies in 1765, in editions in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Annapolis, New London, and Woodbridge, New Jersey. An exceptionally important document in American history, quite rare on the market. HOWES A285, “b.” CHURCH 1054. SABIN 1606. STREETER SALE 737 (another ed). $24,000.

The Famous “Tombstone Edition” Attacking the Stamp Act

141. [Stamp Act]: THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL; AND WEEKLY ADVERTISER. EXPIRING: IN HOPES OF A RESURRECTION TO LIFE AGAIN. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by William Bradford, Oct. 31, 1765. 4pp., bifolium. Text in three columns within mourning borders. Woodcut vignettes of skulls and crossbones, ships, and a coffin. Small hole in the first leaf, short edge tears, minor browning, but in near fine condition overall. In a folding cloth case. Provenance: Laird U. Park, Jr. (Sotheby’s New York, Nov. 29, 2000, lot 269). [See rear cover of this catalogue for il- lustration]

The famous “tombstone edition” of The Pennsylvania Journal issued in protest of the Stamp Act. The text is bordered in black, as in mourning, while the masthead is topped with a skull and crossbones and Masonic symbols. The text of this graphic issue of The Pennsylvania Journal begins with a letter from Bradford announcing the suspension of publication due to the Stamp Act taking effect the following day: “...the publisher of this paper unable to bear the Burthen, has thought it expedient to stop a while, in order to deliberate, whether any Methods can be found to elude the Chains forged for us, and escape the unsupportable Slavery....” Besides the tombstone front page and mourning borders, this issue includes text running vertically in the right margin of the front page reading: “Adieu, Adieu to the Liberty of the Press.” In addition, a woodcut image of a coffin on the final page includes the epitaph: “The last Remains of The Pennsylvania Journal, Which departed this Life, the 31st of October, 1765, Of a Stamp in her Vitals.” The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first British Parliamentary attempt to impose a direct tax on the American colonies, calling for all legal documents, permits, pamphlets, newspapers, and other publications to carry a tax stamp. Although the amount of the tax was relatively small, the Act raised the ire of the colonists who united in its opposition and raised the cry of “No taxation without representation.” Intimidation and violence against the collectors made enforcement near impossible and the Act was repealed in March 1766. “The passage of the Stamp Act transformed American opposition to British policies....It was of enormous importance in that it produced at least a surface unity among the colonies, for almost every political leader, whatever his political principles, was opposed” – Jensen, The Founding of a Nation. This issue of The Pennsylvania Journal is quite scarce, with only this copy ap- pearing in the auction records for the last quarter century. It realized $30,650 at the Laird Park sale in 2000. BRIGHAM, p.937. $75,000.

The Repeal of the Stamp Act

142. [Stamp Act]: ANNO REGNI GEORGII III...AN ACT TO RE- PEAL AN ACT MADE IN THE LAST SESSION OF PARLIA- MENT, INTITULED, AN ACT FOR GRANTING AND APPLY- ING CERTAIN STAMP DUTIES, AND OTHER DUTIES, IN THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London. 1766. [2],243-244pp. Folio. Dbd. Negligible foxing. Fine. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The official British folio printing of the Parliamentary Act repealing the notorious Stamp Act, passed at the session just after the Stamp Act was passed, due to the outrage it caused in the colonies. After its successful effort in the French and Indian War, the British government was saddled with a massive debt. Added to this was the cost of administering its new lands in Canada, and the necessity of protecting colonists on the American frontier from Indian attacks. In order to raise funds for border defenses, the British Parliament decided to levy a tax directly on the colonists, rather than relying on colonial legislatures to raise the funds themselves (the colonies having a notoriously spotty track record in such efforts). Over the protests of colonial agents in London, including Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania and Jared Ingersoll of Connecticut, a tax was levied on all legal and commercial papers, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, cards, and dice. A Stamp Office was created in Britain, and Stamp Inspectors were to be assigned to each colonial district. Colonists wishing to purchase or use any of the materials covered in the Act would be required to buy a stamp. The outrage in the colonies at this form of taxation was immediate and overwhelming, and the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766. The bitterness engendered by the Act lingered on in its wake, however. An important piece of colonial American history. Only three copies recorded by ESTC, at the Lincoln’s Inn Library in Britain, and in the U.S. at the Newberry Library and the University of North Carolina. ESTC N56896. $3000.

143. [Stamp Act]: CORRECT COPIES OF THE TWO PROTESTS AGAINST THE BILL TO REPEAL THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT, OF LAST SESSION. WITH LISTS OF THE SPEAKERS AND VOTERS. Paris [i.e. London]: J.W. Imprimeur [i.e. J. Almon], 1766. 24pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

Prints the arguments made by those members of the House of Lords who opposed a repeal of the Stamp Act. The main reason seems to be not that the tax is just, but that repealing it would set a bad precedent. This pamphlet also lists the Lords who spoke and voted against the repeal. Their votes would prove to be in vain, however, as the bill passed both houses and received royal assent on March 18, one week after the Lords’ vote. Adams notes an eight-page list of the minority in the House of Commons who voted against the bill to repeal the Stamp Act bound at the end, but it seems that format is the exception, and that most copies simply contain the Two Protests.... AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-27. GOLDSMITHS 10220. HIGGS 3728. SABIN 16839. ESTC T34189. $750.

144. [Stamp Act]: THE GENERAL OPPOSITION OF THE COLO- NIES TO THE PAYMENT OF THE STAMP DUTY; AND THE CONSEQUENCE OF ENFORCING OBEDIENCE BY MILITARY MEASURES; IMPARTIALLY CONSIDERED. London. 1766. 40pp. Small quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Mod- ern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor shelf wear. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good plus.

First and only edition. Pamphlet written following the repeal of the Stamp Act, discussing the American reaction to it and the reasons why Britain should endeavor to maintain good relations with the colonies. Beyond the obvious economic benefits of keeping the colonies attached to Britain, the author points out the tremendous difficulty of waging a war in the colonies, addressing the strength of both sides and the loss of life Britain would likely incur. Interestingly, he mentions that the colonists may have learned “bush fighting” from the Indians, which “must be very tedious, and somewhat troublesome to our Regulars.” After comparing the colonies to children who have grown up and are ready to leave the nest, he implores the government to strengthen ties of friendship, lest the desire to shake off dependence grow too strong. “An ingenious dissuasive from violent measures with the colonies, on account of the stamp act, written partly in a serious and partly in a ludicrous vein” – Monthly Review. Scarce. Only a handful of copies in ESTC. No copies appear in auction records for the last forty years. ESTC T12687. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-23. HOWES G95, “aa.” SABIN 26889. $2750.

Toleration Urged

145. [Stamp Act]: THE LATE OCCURRENCES IN NORTH AMERI- CA, AND POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN, CONSIDERED. London: J. Almon, 1766. [2],42,[1]pp. Modern plain blue wrappers. Light scattered foxing, else very good.

Erroneously attributed by some to John Dickinson, the anonymous author urges patience and understanding when considering the increasingly rebellious behavior of the American colonies in the wake of the Stamp Act. Always with an eye to- wards preserving mutually profitable trade, he writes: “Let us stroke and not stab the cow, for her milk, not her blood, can give us real nourishment and strength.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-32. SABIN 39156. $1100.

146. [Stamp Act]: A PLAIN AND SEASONABLE ADDRESS TO THE FREEHOLDERS OF GREAT-BRITAIN ON THE PRESENT POSTURE OF AFFAIRS IN AMERICA. London. 1766. [2],22pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor toning and foxing. Trimmed a bit close. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

Second edition, published the same year as the first. A pamphlet supporting the Stamp Act, declaring that “if Britain gives up her power of taxing the colonies, what does it signify to whom they belong? So far from being an advantage to the Mother Country, they will become her greatest burden...[drawing] to them a dis- proportionate share of the blood and juices, without affording in return the least support or nourishment.” Rare, with only six copies listed in ESTC. ESTC N38394. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-46b. $2250.

147. [Stamp Act]: A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CONDUCT OF THE PRESENT MINISTRY, WITH REGARD TO THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT. London. 1766. 21,[3]pp. Modern half green roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

Second edition, published the same year as the first. An account of Britain’s taxation of its North American colonies, specifically the Stamp Act. The author blames the British administration for aggravating the situation between the colonies and Great Britain by delaying a call for action on the part of Parliament. Adams cites Oliver Dickerson’s The and the American Revolution (1951) as ascribing this work to James Scott. HOWES S434, “aa.” SABIN 80637 AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-53b. ESTC N22758. $750.

The Congress to Protest the Stamp Act

148. [Stamp Act]: AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS HELD AT NEW YORK IN MDCCLXV, ON THE SUBJECT OF THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT. [London]. 1767. [2],37pp. Modern red three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Quite clean internally. Very good.

The first British edition, following the very rare first edition issued in Annapolis, Maryland the previous year. “The (called by Massachusetts) met to protest the Stamp Act as taxation without consent, a violation of one of the most precious . The Congress is significant in that parliamen- tary threats to colonial self-government foddered the movement toward American national unity” – Streeter. STREETER SALE 739. SABIN 53537. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 43ab. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-56b. $5000.

Item 149. A Fundamental Firsthand Account of the Revolution

149. Stedman, Charles: THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, PROG- RESS, AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London: Printed for the Author, sold by J. Murray, J. Debrett and J. Kerby, 1794. Two volumes. xv,399; xv,449,[13]pp. plus fifteen engraved maps and plans (eleven folding). Half titles. Quarto. Contemporary blue boards, with modern paper spines and labels. Boards rubbed at extremities. Ownership inscriptions on front fly leaf. Tears in margins. Minor paper loss to p.53 in second volume. Minor foxing or soiling, but generally quite clean internally. Very good. Un- trimmed and partially unopened. In blue half morocco clamshell boxes, spines gilt.

First edition of a work that is fundamental to any collection of books relating to the American Revolution. This work is “generally considered the best contemporary account of the Revolution written from the British side” (Sabin). Stedman was a native of Philadelphia, a Loyalist who served as an officer under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, and later became an examiner of Loyalist claims for the British government. He had firsthand knowledge of many of the campaigns and persons involved in the effort. He is critical of Howe, and describes all the major theatres of war, as well as individual battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. The beautifully engraved maps (the largest of which is approximately 20 x 30 inches) constitute the finest collection of plans assembled by an eyewitness. They depict the sieges of Savannah and Charlestown, plus the , Cam- den, Guilford, Hobkirk’s Hill, and Yorktown. HOWES S914, “b.” JCB II:372. LOWNDES V, p.2504. SABIN 91057. WINSOR VI, p.518. $18,500.

150. Stedman, Charles: THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, PROG- RESS, AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR...IN TWO VOLUMES. Dublin. 1794. Two volumes. xi,[1],446; xix,[1],502pp., plus [26]pp. index. Contemporary calf, gilt, leather labels. Boards quite heavily rubbed; quite worn at edges, corners, and spine ends; hinges tender. Bookplate on front pastedown of each volume, contemporary ink note on each titlepage. An occasional light stain, but generally very clean internally. In cloth chemises and half morocco and cloth slipcases, spines gilt.

The first Irish edition. According to Sabin, this is “generally considered the best contemporary account of the Revolution written from the British side.” Stedman was a native of Philadelphia, a Loyalist who served as an officer under Howe, and later an examiner of Loyalist claims for the British government. He had firsthand knowledge of many of the campaigns and persons involved in the War. He is critical of Howe, and describes all the major theatres of war as well as individual battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. Stedman’s final summation is interesting: “The American Revolution is the grandest effect of combination that has yet been exhibited to the world: A combination formed by popular representation and the art of printing.” SABIN 91057. JCB II:372. HOWES S914. $3750.

151. Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von: REGULATIONS FOR THE ORDER AND DISCIPLINE OF THE TROOPS OF THE UNITED STATES. PART I [all published]. Hart- ford: Printed by Hudson and Goodwin, [1782?]. 138,[6]pp. plus eight folding plates. Contemporary calf. Head of spine chipped, extremities rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light foxing and soiling. Plate I repaired at two folds. A few small chips or edge tears to other plates. Very good.

A comparatively nice copy of this important military manual, which was written expressly for the use of American troops during the Revolutionary War and first published in 1779. The German-born Steuben, well-trained in the highly disciplined military system developed under Frederick the Great, served as inspector general of the Continental Army. In this capacity he wrote his Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States on orders from the Continental Congress. First published in 1779, the work became the standard text for the Continental Army and the United States Army into the early 19th century. Fifty editions, abridge- ments, extracts, and adaptations were printed before 1800. Steuben’s contribution to American independence can not be underestimated. “He was unrivaled among the citizens of the new nation as an expert on military affairs. His introduction of European military concepts to the Continental army marks the beginning of a truly professional military tradition in the United States” – ANB. This edition was published three years after the first edition, and is one of two editions printed in Hartford circa 1782 by Hudson and Goodwin. While most references cite this imprint as having a date of 1782, the American Antiquarian Society asserts a publication date of 1787 based on an advertisement in the Con- necticut Courant in March of that year. A good copy, in a contemporary binding, of an early printing of the first military manual devised for the Continental Army, a foundation work for American military history and the Revolutionary War. SHIPTON & MOONEY 44279. EVANS 20780. BRISTOL B5608. TRUMBULL, CONNECTI- CUT 2638. HOWES S951, “aa.” SABIN 91398. $3000.

A Massive Set of Important Documents

152. Stevens, Benjamin Franklin, editor: B.F. STEVENS’S FACSIMILES OF MANUSCRIPTS IN EUROPEAN ARCHIVES RELATING TO AMERICA, 1773 – 1783, WITH DESCRIPTIONS, EDITORIAL NOTES, COLLATIONS, REFERENCES AND TRANSLATIONS. London. 1889-1898. Twenty-five volumes. Large folio. Contemporary three- quarter morocco and marbled boards. Occasional rubbing and wear, but overall a fine set. [See front cover of this catalogue for another illustration]

A truly extraordinary set, reproducing in facsimile over 2100 important documents relating to the American Revolution drawn from material in European archives, especially the British. The immense task of assembly and editing was done in a meticulous fashion by B.F. Stevens, the son of Henry Stevens of and suc- cessor to his father in the family book firm. A tremendous resource for research on the political, diplomatic, and military phases of the Revolution, since many of the documents remain otherwise unpublished and can only be seen by visiting London or Paris, and since the index volume provides an invaluable cross-referencing and indexing of the inclusive documents which remains of the greatest usefulness. Only 200 sets were produced. A cornerstone of research for the Revolutionary period. $9500.

Important Revolutionary War Guerilla Tactics Manual

153. Stevenson, Roger: MILITARY INSTRUCTIONS FOR OFFICERS DETACHED IN THE FIELD; CONTAINING A SCHEME FOR FORMING A CORPS OF PARTISAN. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLANS OF THE MANOEUVRES NECESSARY IN CARRYING ON THE PETITE GUERRE. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1775. [8],vii,[1], 232,[4]pp., plus twelve plates (seven folding). 12mo. Antique-style three-quar- ter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt extra, leather label. Small portion at top of titlepage replaced, not affecting text. Light foxing and soiling. Very good.

A most important early American military manual, preceding the celebrated works of Baron Von Steuben and, appropriately, the first book bearing a dedication to George Washington. Edited by Hugh Henry Ferguson, the present manual was one of the most significant military manuals associated with the years of the American Revolution. The engravings illustrate the strategies promoted in the text, both historic and theoretical. These celebrated guerilla tactics, combined with a supe- rior geographical knowledge of local terrain, gave the Continentals a significant advantage over the regimented fighting style of the British. In short, this is how we won the war. EVANS 14475. HOWES S981, “aa.” HILDEBURN 3290. NAIP w020757. $7500.

Key Revolutionary Work

154. Tarleton, Banastre, Lieut.-Col.: A HISTORY OF THE CAM- PAIGNS OF 1780 AND 1781, IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA. London. 1787. vii,[1],518pp. (including errata) plus one folding map with routes marked by hand in color, and four folding plans, with positions and troop movements marked by hand in colors. Quarto. Three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Ti- tlepage lightly soiled, neatly reinforced. Some minor scattered foxing and soil- ing elsewhere, but generally quite clean. Maps lightly soiled. Large map with repairs at folds; closed tear repaired at gutter margin. A few contemporary notations in text. Still, a very good copy.

A standard work concerning the southern campaigns of the American Revolution. Tarleton, the commander of a Tory cavalry unit, the British Legion, served in America from May 1776 through the . He was infamous for his brutal tactics and hard-riding attacks. His narrative is one of the principal British accounts of the Revolution, notable for his use of original documents, a number of which are included as notes following the relevant chapters. The handsome maps and plans include “The Marches of Lord Cornwallis in the Southern Provinces...” showing the Carolinas, Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware (with routes traced by hand in color); and plans of the siege of Charlestown, the battles of Camden and Guildford, and the siege of Yorktown. HOWES T37, “b.” CHURCH 1224. CLARK I:317. SABIN 94397. $9000. The Revolution on the Southern Frontier: Spain Comes to the Rescue

155. Ternant, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JOHN TERNANT TO GENERAL , REGARD- ING TERNANT’S RECENT MISSION TO CUBA TO ENLIST THEIR AID IN THE RELIEF OF CHARLESTON FROM BRIT- ISH FORCES DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, AND ALLUDING TO GALVEZ’S FORTHCOMING EXPEDITION AGAINST PENSACOLA]. Charleston, S.C. March 23, 1780. [4]pp. au- tograph letter on a folded folio sheet. Paper tanned. Some small closed splits and tears, with no loss. Edge wear and two small holes in the sheet, affecting a few letters of text. Good overall. In a half cloth and marbled paper folding case, gilt morocco label.

A fascinating and highly important letter, detailing attempts to secure Spanish assistance in a plan to wrest Charleston, South Carolina, from British occupation during the American Revolution. The aid given to the United States by France during the Revolution is justly famous and well documented. Less well known are the details of Spanish assistance to the American cause, which was confined largely to actions in the Caribbean and the Gulf Coast states. This letter documents the efforts by a French military officer who offered his services to the Continental Army, and his mission to Havana in 1780 to gain Spanish assistance for a naval operation against Charleston. Ternant also relates the plans of the Spanish leader, Bernardo de Galvez, to mount an attack on the British at Pensacola, which would occur the following year. Jean-Baptiste Chevalier de Ternant (1751-1816), a native of France, came to America with Baron von Steuben and was appointed lieutenant colonel and in- spector of troops in South Carolina and Georgia in September 1778. As such, he was under the command of General Benjamin Lincoln, whom Ternant addresses in this letter as “Commander in Chief of the Confederal Forces, in the Southern Department.” Ternant has signed this letter with his Anglicized first name, “John.” The present letter is Ternant’s report on his recent mission to Havana, in which he tried to get Don Diego Joseph Navarro, captain general of Havana, to agree to a naval operation for the relief of Charleston, South Carolina, which was then oc- cupied by the British. Unfortunately, Ternant found that Navarro was reluctant to provide any assistance unless he received direct orders from his superiors in Spain to do so. Ternant writes:

I arrived in Havana, on the 21st of Feby. last, & having obtained an audience on the 22d, I delivered my credentials, exposed minutely the subjects of my mission, & communicated the resolve of Congress, & letters of his Exy. the President, upon which, it was founded. But, to my great disappointment, I found the Governor totally unappraised either of that resolve of Congress, or the determination of the court of Spain, & application of the minister plenipo- tentiary of France, which had occasioned it....This resolve seemed to astonish him so much the more as it contrasted with former proposals of Congress to Spain....Such was the great difficulty which obstructed my negotiation in its rise, & which could not be removed but by new orders & positive instructions from the court of Spain....Under those circumstances finding it utterly impossible, to treat of any operation in conjunction, or to procure an immediate assistance to Carolina, I tried to obtain it indirectly, by the means of persuasion &c. – for that purpose I demanded a conference, with the Governor, the Commandant of the Navy in that Department, & the chief Engineer in conjunction, which was granted....In this conference, after taking a general view of the present state of affairs in the confederacy & exposing the naval & land forces with which the enemy had reinforced their troops in Georgia, their offensive intentions, & premeditated invasion of South Carolina, our present force & resources to oppose them, the eminent danger that threatened Charlestown, the great in- conveniences that might result to Spain as well as to the confederacy from the taking of that important place, & from the too great successes of the English in a country so abundant with resources, at present useless in the hands of their owners but which the enemy would certainly avail themselves of, & on the other hand, the great advantages to be reapt from the English being unsuccessfull in this attempt &c. &c., I proposed to alter the destination of the naval & land forces then ready to sail for Louisiana, from the country to East Florida; in order that operating nigher to us, we might make a more powerfull diversion in favor of both armies; & that the fleet after landing the troops should undertake a cruise as far as Cape Roman in which they might be accidentally joined by our ships, &c. & do as much hurt to the enemy’s shipping & transports as circumstances would permit....

Ternant reports that his proposal was favorably received, but that the Cuban officials could do nothing without orders from Spain, and that the naval force at Cuba would be too small for such an operation anyway. Ternant then turns to discuss the plans of Bernardo de Galvez, the governor of Spanish Louisiana, who was considering a naval assault on West Florida:

The favorable winds which then reigned & the approach of the equinox deter- mined the Admiral to put to sea. The fleet sailed on the 8th consisting of three ships of the line...with 3 frigates, 2 small armed vessels, & 22 transports...they were bound to Mobile where Brigr. Genl. Galvez was to collect all the forces from the Mississippi & march afterwards against Pensacola...after which the junction of the troops his army will amount nearly to 4000 men, which will be a number infinitely superior to that of the enemy...according to all accounts, the fortifications of the town being very trifling, the reduction of it either by storm or a regular siege, will not take a long time, so that Govr. Galvez, to whom I wrote, may soon have it in his power to threaten East Florida, & make a diversion in our favor.

As it turns out, Galvez would not launch his successful siege against Pensacola until the spring of 1781. An excellent Revolutionary War letter, discussing attempts to secure Spanish forces for an attack on Charleston, and anticipating the Siege of Pensacola. $10,000.

Written Just Days After Lexington and Concord, About Transmitting the News to London

156. Thomas, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GEN- ERAL JOHN THOMAS TO THE MASSACHUSETTS COMMIT- TEE OF SAFETY, INQUIRING ABOUT NEWS OF LEXING- TON AND CONCORD]. [Np, but likely near Boston]. May 1775. [1]p., measuring 4¾ x 6 inches. Minor soiling. Very narrow border of newer paper affixed to verso. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt with red leather labels.

Letter written by Gen. John Thomas to the Committee of Safety in Massachusetts, just days after the battles of Lexington and Concord, passing along a request for information from the Rhode Island Committee of Inspection and alluding to the newly established Committee of Safety in Rhode Island. John Thomas (1724-76) served in both King George’s War and the French and Indian War, rising to the rank of colonel. He was appointed brigadier general by the state assembly in Febru- ary 1775, and after leading his troops in the siege of Boston, in June of that year, Congress commissioned him into the Continental Army with the same rank. He resigned shortly thereafter, disappointed at not being promoted to the rank of major general, but was persuaded by George Washington to return. On March 4, 1776 he led his troops to fortify the Dorchester heights, and when the British withdrew a few weeks later, he was finally promoted to major general. When Gen. Richard Montgomery was killed at the Siege of Quebec City in December 1775, Thomas was appointed to assume his command. He arrived in Quebec to find things in dire straits; not only were the Americans vastly outnumbered, but smallpox was raging through the American camps. The disease would claim Thomas as well, on June 2, 1776. Here he writes about the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the transmission of news of the battle (spelling errors transcribed as in the letter):

Gentlemen, I have just rece’d a letter from the Committe of Inspection from the town of Providence desireing me to inform them if the Committe of Safety have transmitted to there friend in London an account of the Battle at Lexenton & inferred that that colony have assembled a Committe of Safety who has the direction of the troops therefore letters from this place on to that colony on that subject should be directed to said Committe of Safety. I should be glad to know what answer I may return them as I am unaquainted with the proseeding of Congress or the Committe of Safety relative to that affair, if you will be pleas’d to send me an answer by the first opertunity it will obl[ige] [your] most obedient & very humble servant.

A good Revolutionary War letter, written by an important figure just days after the first shots rang out at Lexington and Concord. Thomas letters are quite scarce, with only one appearing in auction records in the last thirty years ($8500 plus hammer in 1996). $8500.

157. [Tooke, John Horne]: THE TRIAL OF JOHN HORNE, ESQ; UPON AN INFORMATION FILED EX OFFICIO BY HIS MAJ- ESTY’S ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR A LIBEL.... London: S. Bladon, 1767 [i.e. [1777]. 46pp. Folio. Modern paper boards with buckram spine. Boards slightly bent, spine lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor foxing. Very good.

Trial of English radical John Horne Tooke, charged with libel for writing that the British troops murdered colonists at Lexington and Concord. “Following a clash between the colonists and British troops at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the Constitutional Society, at Horne’s suggestion, raised a subscription for the Americans concerned. Horne was to convey the money to Benjamin Franklin, and the society’s resolutions were drawn up by Horne and published in the newspapers to announce that the subscription was for ‘our beloved American fellow-subjects, who...preferring death to slavery, were...inhumanly murdered by the King’s troops’.... Horne found himself charged with libel for the advertisement he prepared, and on 4 July 1777 was tried before Lord Mansfield. He defended himself with characteristic forcefulness and audacity but was found guilty and sentenced to one year in prison, to pay a fine of £200, and to find sureties for three years of £400 from himself and £200 from two others” – DNB. Only ten copies listed in ESTC. ESTC T201343. SABIN 96176. $4000.

158. [Towry, George Phillips]: OCCASIONAL LETTERS UPON TAX- ATION; UPON THE MEANS OF RAISING THE SUPPLIES WITHIN THE YEAR, TO ANSWER THE EXPENCES OF A NECESSARY WAR; AND UPON SUCH MEASURES AS WOULD PROBABLY TEND TO SECURE GREAT-BRITAIN AND ITS NATURAL DEPENDENCIES THE BLESSINGS OF PEACE UPON A DURABLE SYSTEM. London. 1780. [4],86pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper labels. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good plus. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

Collection of letters published in local newspapers and assembled here by the author, identified as George Phillips Towry by presentation inscriptions in copies at the University of Michigan and the John Carter Brown Library. Towry was a naval officer who served in the Americas for some time. In his preface he notes that his object “is truly no other than to promote national security and permanent peace; which to him seems irreconcilable with [Britain’s] retention of so many remote, and several of them burthensome, or unproductive territories, bordering upon the dominions of other powerful states; or holding it as a state maxim, that the colonies and our sister island ought to be subject to our Parliament, especially when it can- not be made to appear to be either to their interest, or to that of the community at large, that such a system should continue to exist for the future.” Scarce. Only a handful of copies in ESTC, and no copies appearing in auction records for the past forty years. ESTC T107848. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-87. SABIN 56626. $2750.

Indian Raids on the Mohawk, 1780

159. Treat, Malachi: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM DR. MALACHI TREAT TO MAJOR NICHOLAS FISH, DISCUSS- ING INDIAN RAIDS IN THE MOHAWK VALLEY]. Albany. June 28, 1780. 3pp. Quarto. Old fold lines. A few slight separations and small edge tears. Light soiling and foxing. Good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

A friendly letter written by Dr. Malachi Treat, Physician General of the Northern Department of the Continental Army, to Major Nicholas Fish, in which he mentions Indian raids on settlers in the Valley. Treat was a New York City physician called upon during the American Revolution to serve in the hospitals of the Continental Army. Nicholas Fish, also from New York, served with Treat and , with whom he became good friends. In his letter Treat expresses pleasure that Fish’s brigade has arrived safely at West Point; though this may have been the case, it is likely that Fish was already gone from West Point by the time this letter was written, as he was appointed brigade inspector with General James Clinton’s brigade, which was sent with Major General ’s force to fight the Iroquois in the Mohawk Valley in early July 1780. Thus Treat’s letter is particularly interesting, as it involves the campaign on which Fish was currently embarking. He writes, in part:

I feel a real pleasure in knowing your brigade is safely arrived at West Point, as the enemy are coming up against you in force; you will now be a match for them, and have a fine opportunity to reconnoiter their position, numbers, and intention, from the various [?] of this celebrated place. The prospects are very intrusive and commanding, take care not to perform the retrograde in their presence, but the [?], or offer them a charte blanche, all and [similar?] of these things will be very affecting to all yr. friends. This of America, and the brave troops that defend it will do honor I make no doubt to the cause they contend for, and have their temples crowned with immortal laurels if occasion offers of showing their pro[w]ess and fortitude. I expect soon to see you at West Point if nothing turns up to prevent me. Alarms are frequent from the westward, the savages appear here and there in small parties, as forerunners of a larger [force] composed of Tories and Indians who are acoming down, to scatter destruction and horror around them. The inhabitants on the Mohock [sic] River are exceedingly distress’d, and I am afraid will leave their fine farms and luxuriant crops to the merciless hands of their unrelenting savage enemy if not supported. Today we have a report that great part of Stone Roby is destroyed by a party of Indians. All this is distressing, yet my motto is never despair, that Providence...has determined that this should be the grand epoch of American independence, and altho clouds gather over our heads, and grow thicker and heavier every moment, yet they will disperse and leave us in the noble possession of all we wish and contend for.

He closes with personal asides and enquiries after mutual friends. A fine war let- ter. $2500.

“I view the American States tho divided into distinct jurisdictions yet but one great family...”

160. Trumbull, Jonathan: [American Revolution]: [AUTOGRAPH LET- TER, SIGNED, FROM JONATHAN TRUMBULL TO PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, HEAD OF THE NEW YORK COUNCIL OF SAFETY, REGARDING THE CONNECTICUT MILITIA’S MOVEMENTS IN THE ]. Lebanon, Ct. Aug. 4, 1777. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Reinforced with Japanese tissue. Small paper loss at top corner, affecting a few words of text. Damp- stained, toning on about half of the sheet. Still, quite legible. Good. In a folio-sized blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

A lengthy and detailed letter written by Connecticut governor Jonathan Trumbull to Pierre Van Cortlandt regarding the dispersal of the Connecticut militia throughout New York in order to shore up Continental forces in an attempt to halt General Burgoyne’s advance from Quebec. Van Cortlandt presided over the New York Council of Safety – effectively, the governing body of the state – while Governor George Clinton was away serving as a general in the Continental Army; he subsequently served as lieutenant governor from 1778 to 1795. In the Saratoga Campaign of 1777, General led a sizable British force down the Hudson Valley from Canada, intending to cut the New England colonies off from the rest of rebellious America. Burgoyne’s troops met with many difficulties along the way, as the American forces scrambled to impede his path with felled trees and other obstacles. Though the British were slowed in their advance, they were not stopped. The fall of Fort Ticonderoga in July eventually led to the replacement of General Schuyler with Horatio Gates. The expedition ended in disaster for the British that October at Saratoga, where American forces soundly defeated Burgoyne and forced his capitulation. In his letter Trumbull indicates a sincere desire to assist New York against the enemy’s movements. At the time, the Continental Army was headquartered at Peekskill, New York, an important position for strategic and supply reasons, and thus an attractive target for British raids; Peekskill had indeed suffered an attack from the British naval vessels in the early spring. The invasion by Burgoyne from the north, however, was not the only game afoot. Word was received that the British fleet was planning another attack along the North River, which meant that Con- necticut’s militia was called upon to defend other areas of the state. Having sent word to Massachusetts and New Hampshire that troops were desperately needed, Trumbull regrets that he can only do so much to assist New York, but that if the men and militias of New York will rally together, they can surely halt Burgoyne’s advance with what reinforcement they have already received. He writes:

The motions of the Enemy of late is truly alarming, and hath spread consterna- tion through the land; and calls for the joint and spirited acertions [sic] of all to prevent the ruin of their Country and save from Slavery unborn millions. By present appearances it seems that they mean to strike some bold stroke, and bring matters to a speedy Crisis. Howes have put to sea their destination not certainly known, but while they keep a Superior Fleet on the coast, it will be in their power to embarrass and perplex us much by removing from one place to another and thereby evading our main body while our seacoasts are continually exposed to their depredations. This State for the security of their seacoasts & frontiers have raised two Battalions & now on their stations, we have done everything in our power to fill up our Quota in the Continental Army which is not yet completed, notwithstanding am far from considering ourselves exempted from affording all assistance in our power to any of our sister States when invaded, for I view the American States tho divided into distinct jurisdictions yet but one great Family and bound by the ties of Interest & Humanity to assist and protect each other. Have not therefore beheld the present distresses of your State as an unconcerned Spectator, but on the first notice thereof, gave the necessary orders for putting the whole Militia of this State into the best position of defence, and ordered that one fourth part be detached, equipt, and ready to march on the shortest notice for the relief of any place which may be attacked by the Enemy, and immediately advised his Excellency General Washington thereof, by an Express who left here the 26th ulto. and therein proposed to his Excellency’s consideration to send Continental Troops to the Northward as the most speedy & effectual relief of your people in that quarter assuring him that if he approved the measure I would order the Militia of this State who I apprehended would turn out with Spirit to strengthen the post at Peck’s Kill [i.e. Peekskill] and for the defence of the important passes at the Highlands, at present have received no answer. Since which have received a requisition from Major General Putnam for five hundred men to be sent immediately to Peck’s Kill, which have ordered accordingly, on the 30th last received from General Schuyler a requisition for two thousand Militia to be sent to his assistance and this day have a further requisition from General Putnam for three thousand of the Militia of this State to be held in readiness to march at the shortest notice to Peck’s Kill and to be held in service for a term of not less than two months. The foregoing was intended to be sent off Express, but through my hurry to lay by till August 6th in the morning I received by Express from General Putnam another letter dated the 3rd instant enclosing a copy of a letter from General Washington to him dated at Chester 1st instant informing that he had received intelligence that the Enemies Fleet the day before about eight of the clock in the morning sailed out of the Capes of Delaware on an Eastern Course with an intent as he apprehended to go up the North River, and direct- ing General Putnam to make the speediest application to me to send to his assistant as many of the Militia of this State as could be collected to prevent General Howe getting possession of the Highlands, agreeable thereto General Putnam hath requested in the most pressing terms that the Militia of this State might be sent to his immediate relief, in consequence of this intelligence, orders are given for three thousand of the Militia, including five companies of Col. Enos’ battalion under the command of Brigadier General Ward to march to Peck’s Kill, which troops are now on their march, and hope they will arrive before the Enemy can approach them, and sent an Express to Governor Cook at Providence with of Generals Washington & Putnam letters with a request to him that copies thereof should be immediately forwarded to the President of the Council of the Massachusetts and by him to the State of New Hampshire, by the pressing requests from General Putnam, and the dangerous situation he was in, and the particular orders from General Washington I esteem it to comply therewith and that hath taken a great part of the Militia of this State. I received a letter from General Schuyler, of 27th mentioned above which was directly answered informing of my correspondence with General Washington which rendered it improper for me to comply with his requisition, and altho his situation gives me pain, could do no more than write to the States of the Massachusetts & New Hampshire, which I did immediately by Express pressing them to send forward their Militia without loss of time as assist in repelling Burgoyne’s Army, and hope they will view the matter of such importance as to exert themselves on the occasion indeed their situation makes it more natural to send their Militia that way. Am persuaded that General Burgoyne flushed with his success, will do everything in his power not only to maintain his pres- ent acquisitions, but to penetrate into the country before the inhabitants are recovered from their surprize, and arm in their defence; am therefore clearly of opinion that it is of the last importance to put a stop to their career as soon as possible. The difficulties attending your Militia in this time of distress mentioned in yours affords a gloomy prospect, that when our subtil [sic] and inveterate enemies are using every art of policy and force to enslave us to find so great a part of your Militia, either in the power or interest of the Enemy, those that are friendly ought not to be intimidated thereby, but nobly turn out in their own & Country’s defence, which if they do, it appears to me, that as General Schuyler hath been reinforced by Nixon’s and Glover’s brigades they will be able to prevent Burgoyne’s further incursion. August 6th received by Mr. Vandervoort yours dated the 1st instant the same will be laid before the General Assembly of this State, called to meet next Wednesday. We have endeavoured that your State or any of the members of it residing here should have no reason to complain of the want of just, generous and humane treatment from the government, and its inhabitants.

A detailed account of Connecticut’s militia movements by the Governor of the State, in an effort to assist in halting a major British advance at a crucial moment in the American Revolution. $5000.

The First American Army Regulations

161. [United States Continental Congress]: RULES AND ARTICLES FOR THE BETTER GOVERNMENT OF THE TROOPS RAISED, OR TO BE RAISED AND KEPT IN PAY BY AND AT THE EXPENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Phila- delphia: Printed by John Dunlap, 1776. 36pp. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Text tanned. Trimmed close, occasionally touching a letter of text. Very good.

The first edition of one of the first and most important acts of Congress after the Declaration of Independence. On June 14, 1776 a committee was formed composed of John Adams, , John Rutledge, James Wilson, and Robert R. Livingston. These committee members revised the 1775 code, which had been published for “the Twelve United English Colonies of North America.” The present, revised code was recast so as to more closely resemble the British Articles of War. The Continental Congress approved the revised Articles of War on September 20, 1776, and they remained in force, with one major revision, until 1806. This document is the foundation of American military law. At the end is printed a resolution of Congress, dated August 21, 1776, and signed in print by John Han- cock as president, stating: “That all persons...found lurking as Spies in or about the fortifications or encampments of the Armies of the United States...shall suffer Death according to the law and usage of nations, by sentence of a Court-Martial....” It was under this ruling that Major André was executed for treason in 1780. This copy bears the ownership signature on the titlepage of Simon Greenleaf, almost certainly the noted jurist and lawyer. Greenleaf (1783-1853) was born in Newburyport and succeeded Joseph Story as professor of law at Harvard. “To the efforts of Story and Greenleaf is to be ascribed the rise of the Harvard Law School to its eminent position among the legal schools of the United States” – DNB. Greenleaf was chief counsel for the victorious defendants in the final appellate stage of the Charles River Bridge case, considered an important victory for states’ rights. He wrote several works, including an influential treatise on the law of evidence, and prepared the original constitution of the colony of Liberia. His older brother, Moses Greenleaf, was an important American surveyor and mapmaker. EVANS 15187. NAIP w022042. HILDEBURN 3466. SABIN 74058. DNB VII, pp.583-84. $15,000.

Franklin Receives Intelligence from America

162. Vaughan, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JOHN VAUGHAN TO FRENCH BANKER FERDINAND GRAND, ASKING GRAND TO FORWARD TO BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AN ACCOMPANYING MANUSCRIPT FILLED WITH NEWS FROM REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA]. Bordeaux, France. May 19, 1778. [1]p. manuscript letter written on a folded folio sheet, addressed and docketed on the fourth page; plus [2]pp. manuscript news sheet written on both sides of a quarto sheet. Both documents with old folds. The letter with two tears in the address leaf from the wax seal. Overall, near fine. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A very interesting manuscript letter from British merchant John Vaughan to Pa- risian banker Ferdinand Grand, asking Grand to pass along to Benjamin Franklin an accompanying manuscript filled with news of events in Revolutionary America. John Vaughan (1756-1841) was an English wine merchant from a prominent family, and sympathetic to the American cause during the Revolution. He met Benjamin Franklin in Paris in 1778, and in 1782 emigrated to the United States, where he became treasurer and librarian of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia (of which Franklin was the first president). Ferdinand Grand acted as the banking representative of the United States in Paris, and was Benjamin Franklin’s personal banker there. Vaughan’s letter, written from Bordeaux, exchanges family pleasantries with Grand, and asks him to forward the enclosed manuscript news sheet to Benjamin Franklin. The manuscript that Vaughan asked to be forwarded to Franklin, also written in French, is filled with news from America for the years 1776 to 1778. Vaughan writes (in translation) “that American affairs could not be in a better state.” Most of the news is of military events, beginning with General Howe’s attempt to turn American prisoners of war to the British side following the capture of Fort Wash- ington in November 1776.

After General [Howe] took Fort Washington, he addressed all the prisoners of war and told them the King wished to pardon all of them who would renew their oath of allegiance to him and would serve him again. He believed they would thankfully fall in with this suggestion, but to his astonishment Lord Stirling replied on behalf of them all: “Sir, we are engaged in defending our country, and the freedom given us by God, which is consequently our natural right; whatever our fate may be we will submit to it without protest...and we are convinced this battle will be the last you will win over us....” If all the inhabit- ants of the 13 colonies had reasoned thus, they would have been free long ago.

The news continues by recounting that Washington had been made commander in chief of the Continental Army, describing Washington’s complaints to Howe over the treatment of American prisoners, and the repulsion of British troops from Philadelphia. There is also the discussion of the capture and hanging of a spy who was apparently aiding the British in subverting the defense of Philadelphia. The sheet also relates that Thomas Wharton has been made president and governor of Pennsylvania, and that American corsairs “are harassing the Royal navy.” An interesting collection of Revolutionary War news, meant to make its way into the hands of Benjamin Franklin in France, discussing significant military events in the early history of the war, as well as military and political news regarding Franklin’s beloved Philadelphia. $3750.

163. [Walton, William]: A NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY AND SUFFERINGS OF BENJAMIN GILBERT AND HIS FAMILY; WHO WERE SURPRISED BY THE INDIANS, AND TAKEN FROM THEIR FARMS, ON THE FRONTIERS OF PENNSYL- VANIA, IN THE SPRING, 1780. Philadelphia: Joseph Crukshank, 1784. 96pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Light to moderate tanning and soiling. Small 19th-century library blindstamp on titlepage. Top corner of page 27 missing, affecting a word or two of text. Good.

A rare Indian captivity, here in the first edition. Gilbert dictated his experiences to William Walton, who wrote this book. On June 25, 1780 a party of eleven Seneca Indians led by Rowland and John Montour (sons of the famous Catharine Montour) invaded frontier Pennsylvania settlements where the Gilbert homestead was located. The fifteen captives were bound with cords, their home was plundered and burned before their eyes, and they were taken to , where they were divided among the Indians. Individual family members were redeemed by degrees, mostly at Fort Niagara, being sent first to Montreal and then home to Pennsylvania. “Extremely valuable for its account of Indian life” – Vail. FIELD 607. EVANS 18497. SABIN 27348. HOWES W80, “aa.” AYER 301. VAIL 718. $2000.

164. Warren, Isaac: THE NORTH AMERICAN’S ALMANACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST, 1777.... Worcester: Printed and sold by W. Stearns and D. Bigelow, [1776]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Light foxing and soiling. Very good.

Revolutionary-era almanac by Isaac Warren, featuring a map of the forts at New York. Also included are lists of roads, pieces of verse, an account of Peter the Great, and the “Celebrated Speech of Galgacus...worthy of the attention of all officers and soldiers in the American Army” (p.[17]). The North American Imprints Project notes that while Evans is correct in calling the almanac “essentially the same” as Samuel Stearns’ North-American’s Almanack for the same year with regard to the prose matter and the map, the calendar is entirely different from that of Stearns. DRAKE 3269. EVANS 15212. NAIP w025152. $2500.

First Major Historical Work by an American Woman

165. Warren, Mercy Otis: HISTORY OF THE RISE, PROGRESS AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. INTER- SPERSED WITH BIOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL AND MORAL OBSERVATIONS. Boston. 1805. Three volumes. viii,447; vii,412; vi,475pp. Contemporary calf, spines gilt, leather labels. Rubbed at extremities; foot of spine on first and third volumes chipped, likewise head of spine on second volume. Bookplate on front pastedowns. Each volume lightly dampstained. Scattered toning and foxing. Still, a good set, in the original bindings. In tan linen slipcases, gilt leather labels.

This excellent account of the events of the Revolution was written by a woman intimate with those prominent in the Revolutionary councils of Massachusetts. Throughout the Revolutionary period, historian, poet, and dramatist Mercy Otis Warren actively corresponded on political matters with numerous leaders including Samuel Adams, John Hancock, , Thomas Jefferson, George Wash- ington, and especially John Adams, who became her literary mentor in those early years of unrest. In 1805 her literary career culminated with the publication of The History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution. The book’s sharp criticisms of Adams – that his passions and prejudices often debilitated his judgment and that he had demonstrated a distinct leaning toward monarchy dur- ing his sojourn in England – led to a heated correspondence and a breach in their friendship in 1807. After nearly five years Elbridge Gerry managed to effect a reconciliation between Mercy and Abigail and John. Howes describes this book as the first important historical work by an Ameri- can woman. “Her history is interesting both for the expert knowledge it reveals of public affairs and for its lively and penetrating commentary upon the leading figures of the day, more especially for the caustic analysis of character and motives among the ‘malignant party’ who opposed American freedom” – DAB. HOWES W122, “aa.” SABIN 101484. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 9687. DAB XIX, p.484. $3750.

166. [Washington, George]: WEATHERWISE’S TOWN AND COUN- TRY, ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1784; BE- ING BESSEXTILE [sic] OR LEAP-YEAR: AND THE EIGHTH OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.... Boston: Norman and White, [1783]. [24]pp. Pictorial self-wrappers, stitched as issued (later stitching). Light scattered soiling and some light wear. Very good.

An early and rare post-Revolutionary almanac, notable for the primitive woodcut containing an almost cartoon-like portrait of “Victorious General Washington, survey’d in pleasing attitudes...while Britannia deplores her loss of America.” The caption beneath the cut reads: “Washington – Victory doth thy Trumpets sound, Who are with Laurels, cover’d round.” NAIP attributes this almanac to Daniel George, and says that Evans is incorrect in assigning it to David Rittenhouse. Another issue, identical save for the titlepage, was also published in 1783 with the Boston imprint of Nathaniel Coverly. “The illustration was...a sort of lifetime memorial that reflected Washington’s legendary status among his countrymen by the time the Revolution was over” – Wick. NAIP locates only six copies. EVANS 18164. DRAKE 3337. HAMILTON 100. WICK, GEORGE WASHINGTON AN AMERICAN ICON 18. NAIP w036459. $1250.

167. [Wein, Paul]: A CONCISE HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF ALL THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH-AMERICA, COMPRE- HENDING THEIR RISE, PROGRESS, AND MODERN STATE, PARTICULARLY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS-BAY, (THE SEAT OF THE PRESENT CIVIL WAR,).... London: J. Bew, 1775. iv,196pp. Lacks the folding table. 20th-century green half calf and cloth, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing. Very good.

First edition. A history of , published at the opening of the American Revolution in order to enlighten the curious British public about the state of the colonies to that time. Most of the book concerns New England, though some space is given to Canada and the other colonies as well. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-154a. ESTC T45622. HOWES W227, “aa.” SABIN 15116. $1650.

A Virginian Speculates on American Liberty and the Revolution a Week Before the Declaration of Independence

168. White, Alexander: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM ALEXANDER WHITE TO GENERAL CHARLES LEE]. Win- chester, Va. June 27, 1776. 7pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Light soiling and wear. Some separation at marginal folds. Still, quite legible. About very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

A wonderful letter from Virginia lawyer and politician Alexander White to General Charles Lee expressing his views on the American Revolution, including doubts about whether or not Americans are ready for republican government. Alexander White (1738-1804) was a successful Virginia lawyer who practiced during and after the American Revolution. He served in the Virginia state legislature from 1782 to 1786, and as a member of the Federal House of Representatives to the first and second Congresses in 1789-93. He was appointed by Washington as one of the three commissioners to lay out the District of Columbia in 1795 and served until the board was dissolved in 1802. He died in 1804. This letter was written to General Charles Lee, his client and commander of the Continental Army in the Southern Department. White expresses his doubts about separation from Britain and lays out the argument for continued union with the mother country. Among his concerns for democratic government in America is the sheer vastness of the space, which encompasses so many varied people – a difficulty which would lead to Civil War less than a hundred years later, and which still engenders difficulty in our country today. After reporting on the progress of current legal matters he is handling for Lee, White offers his thoughts on the current situation with Great Britain:

From the commencement of the present unhappy dispute I considered the shedding of blood (if that event should take place) as the era at which would terminate the British Empire in America or the colonies be subjugated to the absolute dominion of Parliament, and when hostilities commenced my mind was only agitated with the means of defending ourselves and forming a Constitution which would secure substantial liberty to the people; But when I found the Congress entertained different views, that they had again petitioned the King for reconciliation and declared to their fellow subjects throughout the Empire that their only end in taking up arms was to procure a redress of grievances and secure their properties and constitutional rights, solemnly dis- claiming every idea of establishing an independent empire, it gave a different turn to my thoughts.... The hope of a re-union with our brethren of G. Britain and of the en- creasing grandeur and prosperity of the whole Empire to me, I confess, had something agreeable in it. I therefore with eagerness investigated the proposed plan of operations to enable me to judge of the probable event, and I found, or thought I found, the security of our liberties in connection with Great Britain almost certainly attainable; at any rate, more practicable than the establishing an independent state; for the following among other reasons, that the people of America were determinately united in support of that measure; that every insult and injury from administration only tended to animate and cement. That the greatest trading cities and most respectable characters in England are our friends; that even our enemies in Parliament dare not stand the attack on the proper ground, but in order to carry their point have always insisted we were aiming at independency.

He continues this thought by stating that the British army would never take up arms against the colonists if they understood that the only concern was for common liberties: “That the sword would even drop from the hand of a British soldier, if he believed it pointed against the breast of a man contending for his birth right.” White goes on to argue that a fight for independence would unite the British people against America, and indeed argues that it is important to the whole of Europe for the American colonies to remain part of the Empire. A solution that divides the colonies from Britain would, he believes, lead to further conflict down the road. Instead, an accommodation could be reached which would satisfy all: “Let G. Britain relinquish her claim of internal legislation and taxation. Let stated times be limited for the holding and duration of assemblies and councillors dependent on the Crown be deprived of legislative powers....” He continues, discussing the disadvantages of a republican government, noting that when any one man, or one body of men, have complete power, the results are inevitably disastrous and tyran- nical. He envisions this leading to further difficulties between republics on the continent, and possible empire within our own borders, and states again his in a continued union with Great Britain as a means to stem conflict on all fronts. White closes this incredible letter with his expressions of regard for Lee and his duty to the country. $8750.

Wilkes Defends the Interests of America in 1777

169. Wilkes, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM ENG- LISH POLITICIAN JOHN WILKES, MENTIONING HIS MO- TION TO REPEAL THE OF 1766]. Castle at Salt Hill. Dec. 19, [1777]. [1]p. Quarto. Old fold lines. Slight paper loss at folds, minutely affecting text. Reinforced at holds with tissue. Minor soil- ing. About very good.

Letter written by member of Parliament and famous rabblerouser John Wilkes, to his friend, Thomas Mullett, a prominent Bristol merchant, in which he mentions his speech of Dec. 10, 1777, calling for a repeal of the Declaratory Act of 1766. The Declaratory Act, which was passed upon the repeal of the Stamp Act, stated that England had the right to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” It provided political cover for the repeal of the Stamp Act by asserting that Parlia- ment had the authority to dictate to the colonies, a power next exercised in the Townsend Acts in 1772. Wilkes writes that he is at Bath on holiday, and will not be able to come to Bristol. Further:

Mr. Crager favoured me with a visit in Prince’s Court the last week. He spoke exceedingly well on my motion for the repeal of the Declaratory Act, which was seconded by Mr. Ball. I have many particulars to communicate to you, but not by the post: Let us, dear Mr. Mullett, meet at Bath early in the next week....

John Wilkes was an English radical and politician who made several speeches in Parliament against England’s position on America. Seeing the war as bloody, expensive, and in the end, futile, he told the Commons on Nov. 20, 1777 “that ‘men are not converted, Sir, by the force of the bayonet at the breast’” (DNB). In his speech calling for the repeal of the Declaratory Act, he calls the Act “injuri- ous to the freedom of America.” He continues: “Without this repeal we cannot, I am satisfied, have peace, nor I believe would the Americans treat with you on any other terms....While this act remains in the Statute Book, you can never think of any negotiation with the Congress.” Wilkes’ motion failed to pass, and in the end was rendered unnecessary by the American victory in the Revolutionary War, bearing out his convictions that the war would be expensive, bloody, and futile. Wilkes letters are very rare in the market, and none in the records relate to the American Revolution. DNB (online). SPEECHES OF JOHN WILKES... Vol. III (London, 1778), p.35. $3000.

170. [Zubly, John Joachim]: GREAT BRITAIN’S RIGHT TO TAX HER COLONIES. PLACED IN THE CLEAREST LIGHT, by a Swiss. [London? 1774?]. [2],55pp. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor toning and foxing. Very good.

First published in South Carolina in 1769 under the title, An Humble Enquiry into the Nature of the Dependency of the American Colonies Upon the Parliament of Great- Britain.... A Swiss-born Presbyterian clergyman in Georgia, Zubly (1724-81) served as a delegate of the provincial congress of Georgia and later as Georgia rep- resentative to the Continental Congress at Philadelphia. Unwilling to support the radical demands for independence, he was eventually banished from Georgia. He returned to the state in 1778, when the British recaptured Savannah, and resumed his Loyalist pamphleteering. Only seven copies of this work are listed in ESTC. ESTC N18037. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69-34b. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 74b. SABIN 28437. $3000.