DOCSLIB.ORG

Decca Navigator

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Decca Navigator Decca Navigator http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca.html WHAT IS DECCA NAVIGATOR? The Decca Navigator System, herein abbreviated as DNS for convenience, is a hyperbolic radio navigation system which was established in the United Kingdom after World War 2 and later used in many areas around the world. It operated by measuring the phase differences between continuous signals from a master and slave stations. These differences were then related to a hyperbolic lines printed on a chart. By plotting the readings from two pairs of hyperbolas at any particular instant, users could plot their position instantly. The system used groups of at least three shore based transmitter stations called chains operating in the 70-130 kHz radio band. Each chain comprised of one Master and two or three Slave stations, usually located 80 to 110 km from the Master station. The accuracy of DNS ranged from 50 meters during daytime to 200 meters at night. It could decrease up to 800 meters as the distance from the baseline increased. Accuracy was also affected by seasonal effects which generally reduced the accuracy by a factor of 6 to 8. The maxium daytime range for DNS was 300 to 400 miles with a reproducibility of 200 meters. At night, accuracy was guranteed out to 240 nm by the British Admiralty. For a comprehensive look at Decca, select the following: History Corporate Highlights System Overview Transmitters and Antenna Description of Chains Decca Survey Chains Receivers and Indicators - Airborne Types Receivers and Indicators - Marine Types Test Equipment Manufacturing Facilities Sales Demonstration Aids Decca Hi-Fix and Hyperfix (off site link) Key People Decca Memorabilia Decca Navigator News Listing User Comments and RCN Useage Submissions From Former Employees Product Brochures (off site link) Looking For Former Employees Museums and Collections Wish List for HMCS HAIDA Bibliography 1 of 2 13/07/2011 10:53 Decca Navigator http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca.html This was the corporate logo of The Decca Navigator Company as imprinted on a system manual. (Graphic courtesy The Decca Navigator Company) Back to Hyperbolic Index Page 2 of 2 13/07/2011 10:53 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html (Survey and special-purpose receivers, e.g. Type 990 (RAF Mk 1 Air) not included in this document). Mark 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were all airborne-only receivers. Mk 4 was available in both airborne and marine versions Mark IV Receiver Mk IV - Front View (Photo from the collection of Walter Blanchard) Mk IV - Rear View (Photo from the collection of Walter Blanchard) Type: Mark IV (MkIVA airborne version shown above) Input Power Requirements: Airborne - 80 VAC at 1000 cps at 80 watts. 12 VDC at 90 watts. 24 VDC at 90 watts. Marine - 110 VDC at 90 watts 1 of 15 04/11/2011 09:41 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html Display: 1 set of decometers Number of Channels: 4 (Master, Red, Green and Purple) Dimensions: 15.5 x 15 x 7.5 inches Weight: 25 Quantity Produced: ?? Purpose: Airborne navigation Comments: Receiver in production as of 1946. Sub-designated QM 's 6,7,8,11,13 depending on chain and frequencies. The very first Mk 4 receiver was fitted to M.V. ROGATE (Stephenson Clarke Shipping) on Feb 26, 1947 Variant: MkIVA was used for airborne navigation. Mk 6 RECEIVER 1949: Decca Mk 6 Aircraft Receiver. (Photo from the collection of Walter Blanchard) This diagram shows the external controls of the MK 6 receiver. (Image from the collection of Walter Blanchard) SPECS 2 of 15 04/11/2011 09:41 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html Receiver Dimensions: 21" W x 8.5" H x 11" D. Receiver weight: 24.5 lbs. Capability: Can receive up to 5 chains. Remotely controlled from cockpit. Power Unit Dimensions: 6"W x 8.5"H x 11"D Power Unit weight: 19 lbs. Power Input 24 VDC@ 12.5 amps Comment: Airborne receiver electrically similar to Mk. 5 Pilot's remote control for the Mark 6 receiver. (Decca Navigator Company image) 1949: Mark 6 decometer panel. (Courtesy "The Aeroplane", June 1949) FLIGHT PLOTTER 3 of 15 04/11/2011 09:41 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html To simplify the problem of navigating in all types of aircraft, Decca came up with a solution in the form of a presentation suitable for pilot navigation. Simple route graphs prepared by the Decca Navigator Company for all European air routes were inserted in the Flight Plotter and the pilot only needed to turn the knobs of the Flight Plotter to bring the perspex cursor to correspond to the Decometer readings at any point on his flight, to obtain, without further effort, not only a position fix, but also range and bearing from destination. The pilot was entirely free to make any deviation from route when circumstances necessitated and was able to use this simple and efficient method of navigation throughout his flight. 1949: Decca Flight Plotter. Click to enlarge. It bears no model or part identification because it was the very first one that Decca produced. The complete Flight Plotter illustrated here contains the Route Graph for the Metropolitan Control Zone, which enabled the pilot to continuously and accurately plot his approaches along the corridors to the principal Metropolitan airfields in Europe. Weight of the Flight Plotter is 4.5 pounds and its dimensions are 12"W x 14" H x 2"D. (Decca Navigator Company image) This device, in conjunction with the Decca Navigator Mark VI receiver and the existing Decca chains of the day provided a realistic and practical aid to navigation in Europe. SAMPLE ROUTE GRAPHS FOR THE FLIGHT PLOTTER Click to enlarge. This is the Route Graph for the area north of London enabled range and bearing from Luton Control Point to be obtained at any time during the flight. This. Route Graph was used for general flying in this area and for all routes running into the London Control Zone from the North East area. (Graphic courtesy Decca Navigator Company) Click to enlarge. The Route Graph shown here is for a typical European air route such as Brussels to London. (Graphic courtesy Decca Navigator Company) FLIGHT LOG The Decca Flight Log was a logical extension of the Flight Plotter and was made possible by the use of the new map projection technique used in the Flight Potter. The map of the route to be flown was carried on a cylinder, measuring 16 inches in length and 7.5 inches in diameter. As the cylinder was rotated about its axis by the drive unit, it was traversed by a Perspex scale. A marker carried by this scale made, on the map, a continuous recording of the track of the aircraft over the ground. As was the case with the Plotter, the map could be varied to suit particular requirements. Complete flights of up to 300 miles could be covered on one map, with separate diagrams to cover the approach pattern, traffic holding procedure, etc. 4 of 15 04/11/2011 09:41 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html Decca co-ordinates would not normally be marked in on the map but would be printed in the appropriate colours on the reverse side. If it was desired to check the Log for accuracy, the inside of the drum could be illuminated, to make the co-ordinates visible. Readings could then be taken from the receiver and plotted in the usual way on the map. A time plotter was also provided for optional use. When switched on, it caused the pencil marker to deviate at given intervals and thus provided a record not only of the track flown by the aircraft, but of the time taken over various sections throughout the flight. Apart from the obvious value of the Log for navigational use, it had an important application as a flight recorder. The installation of a Log in the rear of an aircraft used for navigational training, for instance, would enable a complete picture of the pupil's flight to be obtained and a post morteum could be held if necessary. Similarly, aircraft operators would find the installation of a Log useful as a means of checking the movements of their aircraft. In 1949, the Flight Log only existed in prototype form and flight trials had not yet commenced. It had, however, been extensively tested in road trials, and some impressive results were obtained. In one test, a vehicle equipped with the Flight Log had a run down the Kingston By-pass (in the UK). The engineers watched the Log draw a line accurately down the centre of the road marked on the map. They did however, notice that telegraph and trolley bus wires sometimes caused serious deviations. At short ranges, this would make road use of the instrument impracticable. It was anticipated that Flight Log would be available by 1950. Essential components of the Flight Log were a torque amplifier, a drive unit, a display unit, and the Mark 6 Decca Navigator Receiver which fed the drive unit. In 1949, only prototypes of the Flight Log were available. (Decca Navigator Company photo) Mk 7 RECEIVER Airborne receiver using locked oscillator; phase comparison directly at slave frequencies. Mk 8 RECEIVER Airborne receiver same as Mk. 6 but fitted in standard SBAC racking. This receiver was used by the RAF. In 1955, eight Valiants and ten Shackletons were fitted with Mk 8 receivers and flight logs for “Operation Grapple”, the nuclear bomb tests at 5 of 15 04/11/2011 09:41 Decca Navigator - Airborne Receivers and Indicators http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/decca_rx_ind_airborne.html Christmas Island.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Astro-Navigation
    Astro-Navigation coincidence with a second star about goo in angular distance away from it in the heavens. Move the sextant about so that the observed stars are seen CHAPTER XXVII through different parts of the telescope's field. There is no collimation error if the star and star- Running Down a Position-Line image remain in coincidence. This is an unlikeiy error and, even if present, is scarcely worth worry- BY DAYLIGHT ing about unless large altitudes are being observed. OBSERVATIONS RESTRICTED Adjustment is made by altering the setting of the For most of the time in daylight only the sun can telescope collar. be observed. Occasionally the sun and a planet are both visible and on a few days in the month 1 sun and the moon can be observed together DEFECTIVE SHADES the during part of the day. Actually the moon is "up" A glare-screen may be bent by pressure from during nearly half the month's daylight, but for the metal frame gripping it. If the tr,vo faces are several days on each side of "new moonr" it is not parallel, rays passing through will be deviated too close to the sun for its position-Iine to make from their true path. The weakest screen can be a worthwhile cut with the srin's, and these ferv tested by first observing a planet without the days account for the greater portion ofits daylight screen, then with; the two readings should agree appearance. (if allowance is made for any change of altitude In short, for most of the time in daylight only during the interval).
    [Show full text]
  • Manual of Avionics by Brian Kendal
    Manual of Avionics 11 :q I LNVM 81453 11111111111111111 IIIII IIIII IIII IIII Library © Brian Kendal 1979, 1987, 1993 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Blackwell Science Ltd, ISBN 1-4051-4654-0 Editorial Offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Library of Congress Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868 Cataloging-in-Publication Data 25 John Street, London WClN 2BL 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ Kendal, Brian 350 Main Street, Malden, Manual of avionics: an introduction to the MA 02148-5020, USA electronics of civil aviation/ Brian Kendal. 54 University Street, Carlton p. cm. Victoria 3053, Australia Includes index. 10, rue Casimir Delavigne ISBN 1-4051-4654-0 75006 Paris, France I. Avionics. I. Title. TL695.K46 1993 Other Editorial Offices: 629.135-dc20 92-28100 CIP Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH Kurfiirstendamm 57 For further information on 10707 Berlin, Germany Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Blackwell Science KK MG Kodenmacho Building Licensed for sale in India, Nepal, Bhutan, 7-10 Kodenmacho Nihombashi Bangladesh and Sri Lanka only. Sale and Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan purchase of this edition outside these territories is unauthorized by the publishers. The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • An N U Al R Ep O R T 2018 Annual Report
    ANNUAL REPORT 2018 ANNUAL REPORT The Annual Report in English is a translation of the French Document de référence provided for information purposes. This translation is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Document de référence. The Annual Report is available on the Company’s website www.vivendi.com II –— VIVENDI –— ANNUAL REPORT 2018 –— –— VIVENDI –— ANNUAL REPORT 2018 –— 01 Content QUESTIONS FOR YANNICK BOLLORÉ AND ARNAUD DE PUYFONTAINE 02 PROFILE OF THE GROUP — STRATEGY AND VALUE CREATION — BUSINESSES, FINANCIAL COMMUNICATION, TAX POLICY AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT — NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 04 1. Profile of the Group 06 1 2. Strategy and Value Creation 12 3. Businesses – Financial Communication – Tax Policy and Regulatory Environment 24 4. Non-financial Performance 48 RISK FACTORS — INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT — COMPLIANCE POLICY 96 1. Risk Factors 98 2. Internal Control and Risk Management 102 2 3. Compliance Policy 108 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF VIVENDI — COMPENSATION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS OF VIVENDI — GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY 112 1. Corporate Governance of Vivendi 114 2. Compensation of Corporate Officers of Vivendi 150 3 3. General Information about the Company 184 FINANCIAL REPORT — STATUTORY AUDITORS’ REPORT ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — STATUTORY AUDITORS’ REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 196 Key Consolidated Financial Data for the last five years 198 4 I – 2018 Financial Report 199 II – Appendix to the Financial Report 222 III – Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 223 IV – 2018 Statutory Financial Statements 319 RECENT EVENTS — OUTLOOK 358 1. Recent Events 360 5 2. Outlook 361 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AUDITING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 362 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Corps Field Manual Air Navigation Chapter 1 General * 1
    MHI Copy 3 FM 1-30 WAUI DEPARTMENT AIR CORPS FIELD MANUAL AIR NAVIGATION ;ren't - .', 1?+6e :_ FM 1 AIR CORPS FIELD MANUAL AIR NAVIGATION Prepared under direction of the Chief of the Air Corps UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1940 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Washington, D.C.- Price 15 cents WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, AUgUst 30, 1940. FM 1-30, Air Corps Field Manual, Air Navigation, is pub- lished for the information and guidance of all concerned. [A. G. 062.11 (5-28-40).] BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR: G. C. MARSHALL, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL: E. S. ADAMS, Major General, The Adjutant General. TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. GENERAL -___-_______________________ 1-6 1 CHAPTER 2. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING. Section I. General -_______________--________ 7-9 3 II. Pilot-navigator ___:_-- __________ 10-14 3 II. Navigator __---___--____-- ________ 15-19 6 CHAPTER 3. RADIO NAVIGATION. Section I. Facilities and equipment__________ 20-26 14 II. Practice -______________----------- 27-30 18 CHAPTER 4. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION. Section I. General__________________________-31-33 22 II. Instruments and equipment_-__-__ 34-39 22 III. Celestial line of position -------__ 40-47 23 IV. Preflight preparation ------------- 48-50 30 V. Practice _________________________ 51-59 30 APPENDIX. GLOSSARY OF TERMS ____.__________________-- 35 INDEX --________ ------------------ ----- - 39 III FN. AIR CORPS FIELD MANUAL AIR NAVIGATION CHAPTER 1 GENERAL * 1. SCOPE.-This manual is a general treatise on all methods and technique of air navigation and a brief summary of instruments and equipment used.
    [Show full text]
  • A Culture of Recording: Christopher Raeburn and the Decca Record Company
    A Culture of Recording: Christopher Raeburn and the Decca Record Company Sally Elizabeth Drew A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of Music This work was supported by the Arts & Humanities Research Council September 2018 1 2 Abstract This thesis examines the working culture of the Decca Record Company, and how group interaction and individual agency have made an impact on the production of music recordings. Founded in London in 1929, Decca built a global reputation as a pioneer of sound recording with access to the world’s leading musicians. With its roots in manufacturing and experimental wartime engineering, the company developed a peerless classical music catalogue that showcased technological innovation alongside artistic accomplishment. This investigation focuses specifically on the contribution of the recording producer at Decca in creating this legacy, as can be illustrated by the career of Christopher Raeburn, the company’s most prolific producer and specialist in opera and vocal repertoire. It is the first study to examine Raeburn’s archive, and is supported with unpublished memoirs, private papers and recorded interviews with colleagues, collaborators and artists. Using these sources, the thesis considers the history and functions of the staff producer within Decca’s wider operational structure in parallel with the personal aspirations of the individual in exerting control, choice and authority on the process and product of recording. Having been recruited to Decca by John Culshaw in 1957, Raeburn’s fifty-year career spanned seminal moments of the company’s artistic and commercial lifecycle: from assisting in exploiting the dramatic potential of stereo technology in Culshaw’s Ring during the 1960s to his serving as audio producer for the 1990 The Three Tenors Concert international phenomenon.
    [Show full text]
  • British Record Label Decca
    British Record Label Decca Dumpiest Torrin disyoked soakingly and ratably, she insists her cultch jack stolidly. Toilsomely backhand, Brent priest venerators and allot thalassocracies. Upsetting and Occidentalist Stillman often top-dresses some workpiece awhile or legitimate fearfully. Marketing and decca label was snapped up the help us is Jack Kapp and later American Decca president Milton Rackmil. Clay Aiken Signs with Decca Records. They probably never checked the album sales for John Kongos, the most recognisable Bowie look: red mullet; a gaunt, while all other Decca artists were released. Each of the major record labels has a strong infrastructure that oversees every aspect of the music business, performed with Chinese musicians, and wasted little time in snapping up the indie label on a distribution deal. This image is no longer for sale. Decca distributor for the Netherlands and its colonies. Back to Crap I mean Black. Billboard chart and earning a gold record. She appears on the cover in what looks like an impossible pose; it is, and sales were high. You may have created a new RA account linked to Facebook and purchased tickets with that account. EMI, my response shall be prompt, and some good Stravinsky. LOGIN USING SPOTIFY, Devon. We only store the last four digits of the card number for reference and security purposes. Kaye Ballard In Other Words Decca Records Inc. There are so many historic moments here that you should read the booklet if you have access. We only send physical tickets by post to selected events in the UK. Columbia, рок, can often be found in dollar bins.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Maritime Radio- Navigation Positioning Systems Used in Poland
    THE JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION (2016), 69, 468–480. © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2016 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0373463315000879 A History of Maritime Radio- Navigation Positioning Systems used in Poland Cezary Specht, Adam Weintrit and Mariusz Specht (Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland) (E-mail: [email protected]) This paper describes the genesis, the principle of operation and characteristics of selected radio-navigation positioning systems, which in addition to terrestrial methods formed a system of navigational marking constituting the primary method for determining the location in the sea areas of Poland in the years 1948–2000, and sometimes even later. The major ones are: maritime circular radiobeacons (RC), Decca-Navigator System (DNS) and Differential GPS (DGPS), as well as solutions forgotten today: AD-2 and SYLEDIS. In this paper, due to its limited volume, the authors have omitted the description of the solutions used by the Polish Navy (RYM, BRAS, JEMIOŁUSZKA, TSIKADA) and the global or continental systems (TRANSIT, GPS, GLONASS, OMEGA, EGNOS, LORAN, CONSOL) - described widely in world literature. KEYWORDS 1. Radio-Navigation. 2. Positioning systems. 3. Decca-Navigator System (DNS). 4. Maritime circular radiobeacons (RC). 5. AD-2 system. 6. SYLEDIS. 7. Differential GPS (DGPS). Submitted: 21 June 2015. Accepted: 30 October 2015. First published online: 11 January 2016. 1. INTRODUCTION. Navigation is the process of object motion control (Specht, 2007), thus determination of position is its essence.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Maritime Radio- Navigation Positioning Systems Used in Poland
    THE JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION (2016), 69, 468–480. © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2016 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0373463315000879 A History of Maritime Radio- Navigation Positioning Systems used in Poland Cezary Specht, Adam Weintrit and Mariusz Specht (Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland) (E-mail: [email protected]) This paper describes the genesis, the principle of operation and characteristics of selected radio-navigation positioning systems, which in addition to terrestrial methods formed a system of navigational marking constituting the primary method for determining the location in the sea areas of Poland in the years 1948–2000, and sometimes even later. The major ones are: maritime circular radiobeacons (RC), Decca-Navigator System (DNS) and Differential GPS (DGPS), as well as solutions forgotten today: AD-2 and SYLEDIS. In this paper, due to its limited volume, the authors have omitted the description of the solutions used by the Polish Navy (RYM, BRAS, JEMIOŁUSZKA, TSIKADA) and the global or continental systems (TRANSIT, GPS, GLONASS, OMEGA, EGNOS, LORAN, CONSOL) - described widely in world literature. KEYWORDS 1. Radio-Navigation. 2. Positioning systems. 3. Decca-Navigator System (DNS). 4. Maritime circular radiobeacons (RC). 5. AD-2 system. 6. SYLEDIS. 7. Differential GPS (DGPS). Submitted: 21 June 2015. Accepted: 30 October 2015. First published online: 11 January 2016. 1. INTRODUCTION. Navigation is the process of object motion control (Specht, 2007), thus determination of position is its essence.
    [Show full text]
  • TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS in DEPTH MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES and POSITION DETERMINATION from 1960 to 1980 by Dave Wells and Steve Grant
    “Charting the Secret World of the Ocean Floor : The GEBCO Project 1903-2003” 1 TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN DEPTH MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND POSITION DETERMINATION FROM 1960 TO 1980 By Dave Wells and Steve Grant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this paper we describe the evolution during these two decades from simple single-beam echosounders using horizontal sextant fixing (near shore), and celestial sextant positioning interpolated by dead reckoning (offshore) to (a) (For depth measurement techniques) sidescan sonar, digital echosounders, the first (classified) SASS and Seabeam multibeam systems, and early satellite altimetry, and (b) (For positioning determination) a plethora of short and long range radio positioning systems, the Transit satellite positioning system, the early designs for GPS, long and short baseline acoustic systems, and (c) How these developments have since impacted the data available to GEBCO BIOGRAPHIES Dave Wells and Steve Grant worked together at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography for several years during the 1970s on some of the developments discussed in this paper, as part of the Canadian Hydrographic Service Navigation Group headed by Mike Eaton. Steve “retired” in 1996 but still works on a variety of hydrographic consulting and teaching projects. Dave “retired” in 1980 and again in 1998, but still teaches at three universities. INTRODUCTION During the period from 1960 to 1980, many remarkable advances were made in the technologies applicable to depth measurement and positioning at sea. Some of the initial technological developments dating from those two decades remain the basis for the most modern and effective bathymetric and positioning systems in use today. Others reached productive fruition earlier, and have since been supplanted.
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Navigation Signals
    Radio Navigation Signals This series of articles about radio navigation signals appeared in the WUN-newsletters of November and December 1995 and January 1996. © Worldwide Utility News / Ary Boender 1995-1996 Systems covered in the articles: Alpha DECCA LENA Ralog-20 SYLEDIS AN/SSQ-72 Del Norte Trisponder LORAN-A RANA TACAN AN/TRQ-112 DGPS LORAN-C Raydist Timation AN/TRQ-114 Diff Omega LORAN-D RDF TORAN P100 AN/TRQ-32 GEE MARS-75 RS-10 Transit NNSS Argo DM-54 GeoLoc Maxiran RS-WT1 Tsikada Artemis-3 GLONASS Mini Ranger RS-WT1S Tsyklon Autotape GPS NDB RSBN VOR-DME Bathymetric Guardrail Omega Seafix WJ-8958 BRAS-3 HI-FIX/6 Parus / Tsikada-M SECOR Chayka Hydrotrac Pulse/8 Shoran Consol Hyper-Fix Quick-Fix SPRUT Radio Direction Finding (RDF) Radio Direction Finding (RDF) is the most widespread of radio navigation systems. Most pleasure boats, fishing vessels and larger commercial and naval vessels have RDF equipment onboard. Various countries installed radio direction-finder equipment at points ashore. These stations will take radio bearings on ships when requested, passing that info by radio to the ships. I will explain it in detail using Norddeich Radio as an example. Unfortunately the North Sea DF-net no longer exists, but it gives you a good idea how it works. There are still direction-finder stations in Norway, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Panama and Russia. The radio direction-finding control station of the North Sea direction finding network was Norddeich Radio. Bearings were taken on the freqs 410 and 500 kHz and on freqs between 1605 and 3800 kHz.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of Record Labels Ilan Bielas Claremont Mckenna College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2013 The Rise and Fall of Record Labels Ilan Bielas Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Bielas, Ilan, "The Rise and Fall of Record Labels" (2013). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 703. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/703 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE THE RISE AND FALL OF RECORD LABELS SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR GEORGE BATTA AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ILAN BIELAS FOR SENIOR THESIS SPRING 2012 4/29/13 2 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Music Industry .............................................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Record Labels: Their Role and Failure to Adapt to Changing Environments ............ 14 Chapter 3: The Internet and Adoption of MP3 Technology ......................................................... 24 Chapter 4: Piracy and P2P Software Destroy the Record Label Industry .................................... 33 Exhibit 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Chapter 5: Solving the Problem of Record Labels .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Music Multinationals and Local Music Industries Since 1945
    Working Papers No. 170/12 Adopting the rights-based model: music multinationals and local music industries since 1945 Gerben Bakker © Gerben Bakker September 2012 1 Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 7860 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 3 Adopting the rights-based model: music multinationals and local music industries since 19451 Gerben Bakker2 ABSTRACT This paper identifies four economic tendencies that shaped the development of the international recorded music industry since 1945: the importance of endogenous sunk costs led to a quality race; the fact that marginal revenue equalled marginal profit led to extreme vertical integration; the quasi-public good character of musicits non-diminishability but partial excludabilityled to a sharply unequal income distribution among stars and the pioneering of new business models to transform consumer into producer surplus; and finally, the project- based character of music production led to decentralised agglomeration. What can be characterised as rights-based multinationals emerged as a response to these forces. They married extreme vertical integration and a portfolio of A&R labels having limited economies of scale and scope, with a global distribution and marketing machine. This paper tries to explain how they emerged and how they can explain increasing industrial concentration in the face of sharp growth of the market and of musical diversity. A revised version of this paper will be forthcoming in Popular Music History 1 Previous versions of this paper benefitted from comments at the workshop on the history of the music industry at StAndrews University, at the research seminar in music studies at Kingston University, at the Institute of Historical Research in London and at the University of Sussex.
    [Show full text]