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Važna Biljna Staništa U Crnoj Gori

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Važna Biljna Staništa U Crnoj Gori VVAAŽŽNNAA BILJNBILJNAA SSTTANIŠTANIŠTAA UU CrCrnonojj GoriGori IPA projekat OGRAMME OGRAMME R R A P A P - IP - IP O O ONTENEGR ONTENEGR M M IN IN REAS REAS A A LANT LANT P P ANT ANT T T MPOR MPOR I I Važna biljna staništa u Crnoj Gori # IPA program u Crnoj Gori S A D R Ž A J # 1. OSNOVNI CILJEVI PROGRAMA VAžNIH BILJNIH STANIŠTA 2. KAKO JE NASTAO PROJEKAT 3. IPA PROJEKAT U JUGO-ISTOČNOJ EVROPI 4. KRITERIJUMI ZA IZBOR IPA PODRUČJA 5. OSNOVNI PRINCIPI 6. ČLANOVI IPA TIMA U CRNOJ GORI 7. M APA CRNE GORE SA UCRTANIM LOKALITETIMA IPA STANIŠTA IPA LOKALITETI: 1. BABJI ZUB 2. BIOGRADSKA GORA 3. BRDO SPAS 4. BULJARICA 5. DOLINA GREBAJE 6. DOLINA RIJEKE LIM 7. DURMITOR I KANJON RIJEKE TARE 8. HAJLA 9. JERINJA GLAVA 10.KAKARICKA GORA 11.KANJON RIJEKE CIJEVNE SA HUMOM ORAHOVSKIM 12.KANJON RIJEKE MRTVICE 13.KANJON RIJEKE PIVE 14.KATIĆI, DONKOVA I VELJA SEKA 15.KOMOVI 16.KOTORSKO RISANSKI ZALIV 17.LJUBIŠNJA 18.LOVĆEN 19.LUKAVICA 20.ORJEN 21.PLATAMUNI 22.RUMIJA 23.SKADARSKO JEZERO 24.TREBJESA 25.VELIKA ULCINJSKA PLAžA I ADA BOJANA 26.VISITOR 27.VRSUTA Važna biljna staništa u Crnoj Gori # 1. OSNOVNI CILJEVI PROGRAMA VAŽNIH BILJNIH STANIŠTA Svrha Programa važnih biljnih staništa (IPA programme) je da odredi i sačuva mrežu najboljih staništa za divlje vrste biljaka, gljiva kao i njihove habitate širom svijeta kako bi se omogućilo dugoročno očuvanje značajnih biljnih vrsta i gljiva. IPA obezbjeđuje okvir za primjenu Cilja 5 Globalne strategije o očuvanju biljaka u Konvenciji o biološkoj raznovrsnosti (Target 5 of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Global Strategy for Plant Conservation). Cilj programa je da se do 2010. godine zaštiti 50% najvažnijih područja za biljnu raznovrsnost u svijetu. Identifikovani IPA sajtovi nisu zakonski obavezujući za datu državu, već je IPA pro- gram namijenjen da informiše i ubrza postojeće međunarodne, regionalne i nacionalne programe za očuvanje životne sredine, kao i usvajanje i primjenu odgovarajuće legisla- tive. IPA model može pomoći u primjeni Direktive o habitatima (u zemljama članicama EU) i Bernske konvencije (u zemljama članicama Savjeta Evrope). Rad na IPA projektu, takođe, doprinosi Evropskoj strategiji za očuvanje biljnih vrsta (European Plant Conservation Strategy). IPA predstavlja referencu za određivanje onih područja značajnih za biljne vrste, gdje je moguće ostvariti najviši stepen zaštite, na osnovu postojećih zakonskih odredbi. IPA se definiše kao “prirodna ili polu prirodna staništa koja pokazuju posebnu botaničku raznovrsnost i/ili sadrže još nedovoljno poznat skup rijetkih, ugroženih ili endemičnih biljnih vrsta i/ili vegetacije visoke botaničke vrijednosti”. Određivanje IPA staništa se vrši po međunarodnim i regionalnim kriterijumima kako bi se obezbijedila konzistentnost, a bazirano je na tri kriterijuma: - ugroženost vrsta, - botaničko bogatstvo i - ugrožena staništa. Najvažniji rezultati programa su: - Formiranje nacionalne mreže IPA specijalista - Kompletiranje identifikacije IPA staništa na nacionalnom nivou, uz unošenje detaljnijih podataka u web IPA bazu - Izdavanje nacionalne IPA publikacije - Realizacija pilot projekta u cilju zaštite jednog identifikovanog IPA staništa - Povećanje kapaciteta mreže Planta Europea kao foruma za specijaliste u zaštiti biljnih vrsta i gljiva - Realizacija međugraničnog projekta - Trening u zaštiti biljnih vrsta za 2 člana nacionalnog IPA tima IPA program u Crnoj Gori 2. KAKO JE NASTAO PROJEKAT # Plantlife International je koordinator Important Plant Areas programme u Evropi, i vodeći je partner sa IUCN za dostizanje Cilja 5 Globalne strategije za zaštitu biljaka. U 2002. Plantlife International i partneri u 7 zemalja u centralnoj i istočnoj Evropi dobili su donaciju od Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Food Quality u okviru PIN/MATRA Funds of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands da koordini- raju IPA identifikaciju u tim zemljama. Projekat je završen tokom 2005. i blizu 800 IPA staništa je identifikovano. Finalni izvještaj je publikovan i sadrži detalje o staništima, ugroženim vrstama i habitatima, status zaštite, kao i analizu najvažnijih zakonskih odred- bi koje se tiču zaštite biljnih vrsta u Evropi. Sa sledećeg sajta možete downlodovati final- ni izvještaj: http://www.plantlife.org.uk/international/plantlife-ipas-euro-cee.htm Stotine specijalista sa univerziteta, vladinih agencija i nevladinih organizacija su bili uključeni u trogodišnji projekat selekcije staništa. Sada je izazov upotrebiti te informacije u cilju određivanja priroriteta prilikom zaštite područja, i upotrebiti ih za poboljšanje zakonske regulative. 3. IPA PROJEKAT U JUGO-ISTOČNOJ EVROPI Jugo-istočna Evropa pokazuje najveći diverzitet u Evropi po bogatstvu divljih biljnih vrsta i njihovih habitata, koji se pojavljuju u vidu mozaika planina, šuma, livada, riječnih kanjona, jezera i obala. Ovakva priroda je interesantna i za turističku industriju koja poten- cijalno ugrožava raznovrstnost biljnih vrsta i njihovih staništa na Balkanu. U februaru 2006 Plantlife International i njegov Holandski partner FLORON dobili su donaciju od BBI Matra fund of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality za realizaciju projekta pod nazivom "The Planta Europa Network and the Important Plant Areas (IPA) Programme in South Eastern Europe" Kao države učesnice u ovom trogodišnjem projektu određene su Bugarska, Hrvatska i Crna Gora. Ovaj projekat se nastavlja na prethodno realizovani projekat "Biljke duž granica" koji je Važna biljna staništa u Crnoj Gori # u ove tri države realizovan uz donaciju i koordinaciju Regionalnog centra za zaštitu životne sredine (REC). Dok su Bugarska i Hrvatska završile značajan dio posla u vezi Nacionalnih Crvenih lista, Crna Gora taj proces nije još započela. Tako stručnjacima u Crnoj Gori predstoji mnogo više posla i obaveza prilikom realizacije IPA projekta. Realizacija IPA identifikaci- je je dobar početak za implementaciju PEBLDS, PEEN, Direktive habitata EU i Natura 2000 mreže, što su sve obaveze zemalja koje žele da se priključe Evropskoj uniji. Partnerske organizacije u ovom projektu su: u Bugarskoj Botanički institut Sofija, u Hrvatskoj Hrvatsko botaničko društvo i u Crnoj Gori nevladino udruženje "Green Forest" iz Podgorice. Plantlife International, sa sjedištem u Velikoj Britaniji, je nevladina organizacija posvećena očuvanju i zaštiti divljih biljnih vrsta i gljiva i noslilac je IPA projekta. U okviru projekta je organizovan IPA sekretarijat čiji su članovi Plantlife's Global Programme Manager, Elizabeth Radford, i European Programme Manager Dr Seona Anderson and Melanie Bliz. FLORON (Foundation for Floristic research in the Netherlands) je nevladina organi- zacija za istraživanje i zaštitu holandske flore. Članovi FLORON-a su posebno specijali- zovani za Crvene liste, a partner su Holandskom ministarstvu za projekte u jugo-istočnoj Evropi. Planta Europea je mreža nezavisnih organizacija, vladinih i nevladinih, koji rade zajedno na očuvanju evropski divljih vrsta biljaka i gljiva. Mrežu čini više od 60 organi- zacija iz 34 evropske države. Nacionalni IPA partner u Crnoj Gori je NVO Zelena Gora. 4. KRITERIJUMI ZA IZBOR IPA PODRUČJA Područje značajno za biljke (floru) (orig. Imoprtant Plant Area, IPA) je prirodni ili poluprirodni lokalitet koji pokazuje izuzetno bogatstvo i/ili sadrži izuzetan sastav rijetkih, ugroženih i/ili endemičnih vrsta i/ili vegetacije visokog botaničkog značaja. Tri osnovna principa identifikacije IPA Kriterijum A Lokalitet sadrži značajnu populaciju jedne ili više vrsta koje su od globalnog ili evropskog značaja za zaštitu. IPA program u Crnoj Gori Kriterijum B # Lokalitet sadrži izuzetno bogatu floru na Evropskom nivou u odnosu na biogeograf- sku zonu u kojoj se nalazi. Kriterijum C Lokalitet je izraziti primjer staništa od globalnog ili evropskog značaja za zaštitu ili botaniku. Da lokalitet postane IPA područje, potrebno je da zadovolji ili A ili B ili C ili bilo koju kombinaciju ovih kriterijuma. 5. OSNOVNI PRINCIPI - Riječ biljka podrazumijeva alge, gljive, lišajeve, jetrenjače i prave mahovine i autohtone vaskularne biljke. - Odabir lokaliteta treba biti utemeljen, koliko god je to moguće, na smislenim podacima, kvantifikovanim populacijama i ograničenim područjima, kao i na transparent- nom postupku odabira. - Cilj IPA projekta je da identifikuje i zaštiti sveobuhvatnu mrežu evropskih IPA, međutim, broj, veličina i raspon IPA lokaliteta u okviru svake zemlje je nacionalna odlu- ka zasnovana na ograničenjima postojećih kriterijuma i saznanja, sredstava i iskustva nacionalnih IPA timova. IPA je definisano tako da bude, koliko god je to moguće: - različito prema osobinama ili staništima ili botaničkim karakteristikama, od okolnog područja; - da postoji kao stvarno ili potencijano zaštićeno područje ili područje kojim se može upravljati u svrhu zaštite; - ne postoji definisana minimalna ili maksimalna veličina IPA; - područje odabrano za svaki IPA je konačna odluka pojedinog IPA nacionalnog tima, u okvirima IPA kriterijuma. Potencijalno, IPA može biti veoma malo područje nami- jenjeno zaštiti jedne vrste, ili vrlo malo područje specifičnih staništa ili može uključivati velika područja sa mnogo različitih IPA vrsta ili staništa ili područja visokog bogatstva i raznovrsnosti. - IPA se može identifikovati na bilo kom području, privatnom, javnom ili zaštićenom. Važna biljna staništa u Crnoj Gori # ČLANOVI IPA TIMA U CRNOJ GORI Ime i prezime zadužŽenje u projektu institucija/NVO PETROVIĆ DANKA koordinator projekta, PMF, Studijski program Biologija, vaskularne biljke NVO Zelena Gora STEŠEVIĆ
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