Conifer Quarterly

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Conifer Quarterly Conifer Quarterly Vol. 24 No. 1 Winter 2007 y r e s r u N i l e s I f o y s e t r u o c , h t i m S . C l l a d n a R Cedrus libani ‘Glauca Pendula’ Color pictures for the Conifer Genetics and Selection Article that starts on page 7. t n e m t r a p e D y r t s e r o F U S M : t i d e r c o t o h P Looking for true blue: Variation in needle color stands out in this aerial view of the Colorado blue spruce improvement test at MSU’s Kellogg Forest. Foresters use seed zones to determine the optimum seed source for their geographic location. Many ornamental conifers such as these at Hidden Lake Gardens start as grafted seedlings. The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of the American Conifer Society Contents 7 Conifer Genetics and Selection Dr. Bert Cregg 16 Pendulous Conifers – A Brief Look Bill Barger 18 Cascades in the Garden Ed Remsrola 21 Shaping Pendulous Plants A grower’s and a collector’s perspective 24 Thuja occidentalis ‘Gold Drop’ Plant Sale Supports ACS Research Fund Dennis Groh 26 Information and History of the RHS International Conifer Register and Checklist Lawrie Springate 28 Tsuga canadensis Cultivars at the South Seattle Community College Arboretum Peter Maurer 35 Just a Couple of Raving Coniferites from Cincinnati Judy and Ron Regenhold 38 Changing Genes – Brooms, Sports, and Other Mutations Don Howse 46 Cornell Plantations Offers Many Favorites, Not Just One or Two Phil Syphrit Conifer Society voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 42 Conifer News 44 ACS Regional News Vol. 24 No. 1 CONIFER QUARTERLY 1 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE BY TOM COX Conifer n behalf of our officers, the Board of ment at our Board of Directors meeting in tributor to our Conifer Quarterly. The final ODirectors and national office, let me February. The intent is to ensure that we evening provided an opportunity to also Quarterly take this opportunity to wish each of you remain dynamic and look for ways to spend time over a stimulating dinner with Winter 2007 the very best in the New Year. It has been better serve you. ACS member Charles Paquelet. Volume 24, No. 1 our honor to have served you in the past While this position has its share of Being that far north, I took the time to year. challenges, it has also afforded me the op- drive to Tifton, Michigan to see the Harper The Conifer Quarterly (ISSN 8755-0490) is published quarterly by the the American As we usher in the New Year, this is a portunity to meet some very wonderful (Chub) Collection at Hidden Lakes Conifer Society. The Society is a non-profit time for reflection on our past accomplish- people and see some beautiful gardens. As Garden. Despite a blowing, cold rain, this organization incorporated under the laws of the ments as well as the challenges of contin- you travel, I encourage you to seek out the was as good as it gets for a conifer collec- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is tax exempt under section 501(c)3 of the Internal uing to grow our organization. The sometimes hidden treasures available to us tion. I later told Chub that I refer to this Revenue Service Code. American Conifer Society had a good as members open their gardens. Here are place as the James Bond garden as there You are invited to join our Society. Please year. Our member retention rate continues but a few of the people and places that was not one hair (blade of grass) out of address membership and other inquiries to the American Conifer Society National Office, to be above 80% and we are operating in crossed my path. The first journey took me place. A ‘must see’ if anywhere near south- P.O. Box 3422, Crofton, MD 21114-0422. the black. All of our meetings were suc- to the home of my good friends Walter and ern Michigan! On the way to Hidden Membership: US $30 (indiv.), $35 (joint), $30 cessful and feedback was positive. The Emilie Cullerton in Doylestown, Pennsyl- Lakes, we had yet another exciting stop at (institutional) $50 (sustaining), $100 (corpo- rate/business) and $130 (patron). If you are Collectors Conifer of the Year program is vania. Besides having a fabulous garden, the nursery of Dave Dannaher in Galena, moving, please notify the National Office 4 now in its second year and is going strong. Walter is past president NE Region. Ohio. Dave is a good plantsman and really weeks in advance. This has proved to be an innovative initia- During our visit, Walter drove us to the has an extensive collection of woody All editorial and advertising matters should be sent to: Evelyn Cox, 342 North tive that not only provides great member home of Helen Donn who owns Watnong gems, many that were new to me. The last Main Street, Suite 202, Alpharetta, Georgia benefit, but also is a source of good PR for Gardens in Parsippany, New Jersey. This stop was one I almost didn't make as it was 30004. (770) 663-7576, or email the Society as we announce it to the media. garden is just about as good as it gets. time to head south and the weather was [email protected]. My thanks to Ridge Goodwin and all of Helen seemed unfazed by the light rain as miserable. This Cincinnati, Ohio garden in Editor the growers who spearhead this. she toured us around for at least two hours. a quiet neighborhood belongs to Ron & Evelyn Cox Earlier, I mentioned the challenges of Also while in the area, I had the pleasure to Judy Regenhold and is loaded with cool Technical Editors continuing to move our Society forward. tour Ridge Goodwin's gardens and nursery. plants. They have accomplished a master- Ethan Johnson In this connection, I recently had discus- Upon leaving each of these gardens, I ful mix of dwarf conifers with companion Susan Martin R. William Thomas sions with presidents of Camellia, Rhodo- mused that unlike here in Georgia, these plants. This stop was well worth the detour. Advisory Committee dendron, Hosta, Rock Garden and Daylilly folks don't have weeds, as I never saw any. All this to make the point that becom- Ellen Kelley, Committee Chair societies. The purpose was to benchmark The next trip was a return to the fabu- ing involved in the ACS has its rewards - Anne Brennan our organization against like societies to lous Dawes Arboretum in Newark, Ohio to we forge friendships that transcend the Marvin Snyder ex officio: Tom Cox determine best practices and pinpoint attend the Conifer Symposium hosted by Society and we have the opportunity to ex officio: Don Wild areas for improvement. These discussions the arboretum. Perhaps because this time I see many beautiful gardens. What could ex officio: John Martin covered areas such as organizational struc- had the opportunity to spend quality time be better? Copyright © 2006, American Conifer Society. tures, meeting formats, websites, publica- with a great plantsman Rich Larson, the On a closing note, I appreciate the All rights reserved. No material contained tions, advertising and public relations. One conifers and maples seemed even more many e-mails, letters and calls that I have herein may be reproduced in any form with- out prior written permission of the publisher. common theme was member retention and impressive than at my last visit. This visit received since becoming president. This Opinions expressed by authors and advertis- age of members. It is refreshing to learn also afforded an opportunity to renew a lets me know you're involved and that you ers are not necessarily those of the Society. that we are doing better than most in re- friendship forged with Dan Luscomb of care about the Society. Note: Hardiness Zone references in the taining members. That is an indication that the Bedgebury Pinetum in the UK. Dan is Conifer Quarterly are USDA classifications we are doing some things right. We will be also a founding member of the British Warm regards, unless otherwise specified. discussing areas for potential improve- Conifer Society as well as a frequent con- 2CONIFER QUARTERLY Vol. 24 No. 1 Vol. 24 No. 1 CONIFER QUARTERLY 3 EDITOR’S MEMO BY EVELYN COX This issue kicks off a new Conifer Quar- aberrant plant behavior. to attend the ACS National Meeting that terly year – its 24th. I think the key to this With the realization that not all of begins July 26 and runs through July publication’s success for almost a quar- our members are at the same knowledge 29? For those planning to also attend the ter-century is that it has been surrounded level, we are soon to begin a column post conference tour, it will run through by smart people. There is a wealth of dedicated to answering your plant ques- August 1. More details can be found on knowledge and talent among its readers tions. This will be simple; submit your our website at www.conifersociety.org. who are also generous and proactive question to me and it will be answered One of the national meeting venues, about ensuring its longevity. To those of by our technical staff. Kubota Gardens, was featured in the fall you who help fill these pages and all of Beginning on page 35 Ron and Judy CQ. In this issue, you can read Peter you who read them, thank you.
Recommended publications
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - an Update
    Rastogi and Ohri . Silvae Genetica (2020) 69, 13 - 19 13 Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - An Update Shubhi Rastogi and Deepak Ohri Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur (Near Railway Station), P.O. Chinhat, Luc know-226028 (U.P.) * Corresponding author: Deepak Ohri, E mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract still some controversy with regard to a monophyletic or para- phyletic origin of the gymnosperms (Hill 2005). Recently they The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 have been classified into four subclasses Cycadidae, Ginkgoi- (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of dae, Gnetidae and Pinidae under the class Equisetopsida the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycada- (Chase and Reveal 2009) comprising 12 families and 83 genera ceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric unifor- (Christenhusz et al. 2011) and 88 genera with 1104 recognized mity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a species according to the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). The range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo, Welwitschia and Gen- validity of accepted name of each taxa and the total number of tum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra species in each genus has been checked from the Plant List shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The (www.theplantlist.org). The chromosome numbers of 688 taxa family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix arranged according to the recent classification (Christenhusz and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Picea Omorika Cultivation and Uses
    Picea omorika From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Picea omorika ( Serbian Spruce ) is a rare, local Class: Pinopsida spruce, endemic to the Drina River valley in western Serbia and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina Order: Pinales near Višegrad. It was originally discovered near the Family: Pinaceae village of Zaovine on the Tara Mountain in 1875, č ć Genus: Picea and named by the Serbian botanist Josif Pan i ; the epithet omorika is simply the Serbian word for P. omorika Species: "spruce"; hence, the scientific name means"Spruce- spruce". It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 20–35 m tall, exceptionally to 40 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The shoots are buff-brown, and densely pubescent (hairy). The leaves are needle-like, 10–20 mm long, flattened in cross-section, and dark blue-green above, and blue-white below. The cones are 4–7 cm long, fusiform (spindle-shaped, broadest in the middle), dark purple (almost black) when young, maturing dark brown 5–7 months after pollination, and have stiff scales. Cultivation and uses Outside of its native range, Serbian Spruce is of major importance in horticulture as an ornamental tree in large gardens, valued in northern Europe and North America for its very attractive crown form and ability to grow on a wide range of soils, including alkaline, clay, acid and sandy soil, although it prefers moist, drained loam. It is also grown to a small extent in forestry for christmas trees, timber and paper production, particularly in northern Europe, though its slow growth makes it less important than Sitka Spruce or Norway Spruce.
    [Show full text]
  • Pines in the Arboretum
    UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MtJ ARBORETUM REVIEW No. 32-198 PETER C. MOE Pines in the Arboretum Pines are probably the best known of the conifers native to The genus Pinus is divided into hard and soft pines based on the northern hemisphere. They occur naturally from the up­ the hardness of wood, fundamental leaf anatomy, and other lands in the tropics to the limits of tree growth near the Arctic characteristics. The soft or white pines usually have needles in Circle and are widely grown throughout the world for timber clusters of five with one vascular bundle visible in cross sec­ and as ornamentals. In Minnesota we are limited by our cli­ tions. Most hard pines have needles in clusters of two or three mate to the more cold hardy species. This review will be with two vascular bundles visible in cross sections. For the limited to these hardy species, their cultivars, and a few hy­ discussion here, however, this natural division will be ignored brids that are being evaluated at the Arboretum. and an alphabetical listing of species will be used. Where neces­ Pines are readily distinguished from other common conifers sary for clarity, reference will be made to the proper groups by their needle-like leaves borne in clusters of two to five, of particular species. spirally arranged on the stem. Spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies), Of the more than 90 species of pine, the following 31 are or for example, bear single leaves spirally arranged. Larch (Larix) have been grown at the Arboretum. It should be noted that and true cedar (Cedrus) bear their leaves in a dense cluster of many of the following comments and recommendations are indefinite number, whereas juniper (Juniperus) and arborvitae based primarily on observations made at the University of (Thuja) and their related genera usually bear scalelikie or nee­ Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and plant performance dlelike leaves that are opposite or borne in groups of three.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Heldreichii Christ.) Growth Due to Climate in Kosovo
    International Journal of Development and Sustainability ISSN: 2186-8662 – www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 6 Number 1 (2017): Pages 1-15 ISDS Article ID: IJDS17050301 Spatial and temporal variation in Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ.) growth due to climate in Kosovo Faruk Bojaxhi 1*, Elvin Toromani 2 1 Kosovo Forest Agency, Zenel Saliu street 1/a, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo 2 Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Forestry Sciences, Koder Kamez, AL-1029 Tirana, Albania Abstract The purpose of this study was the identification of the dominant temporal and spatial patterns of P.heldreichii growth due to climate from three high elevation sites in Kosovo. Bootstrap correlation analysis, forward evolutionary analysis were used to study the temporal and spatial patterns of climate-growth relationship. P.heldreichii chronologies have a length from 175 to 541 years and a greater similarity along the latitudinal gradient. Growth - climate relationship pointed out that P.heldreichii growth vary due to the combined effect of summer precipitation with winter temperature providing a better understanding of this response at spatial and temporal scales. Future research focused on the analysis and integration of P.heldreichii growth along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, as well as on the spatial and temporal patterns of temperature and precipitation records will improve the knowledge of long-term climate fluctuations during the last century in Kosovo. Keywords: Kosovo, P.heldreichii, High Elevation, Spatial Variation, Temporal Variation Published by ISDS LLC, Japan | Copyright © 2017 by the Author(s) |This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Parviflora Japanese White Pine1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-470 October 1994 Pinus parviflora Japanese White Pine1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Japanese White Pine creates a striking landscape element wherever it is used (Fig. 1). Often seen as a dense, conical form when young, Japanese White Pine develops into a 25 to 50-foot-tall, graceful, irregularly- shaped tree, with an equal or greater spread, and a broad, flattened canopy. The 1 to 2.5-inch-long needles are stiff and twisted, forming blue/green tufts of foliage at branch tips, and creating an overall fine texture to the tree’s silhouette. The brownish-red cones are one to four inches long and persist on the tree for six to seven years. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Pinus parviflora Figure 1. Young Japanese White Pine. Pronunciation: PIE-nus par-vih-FLOR-uh Common name(s): Japanese White Pine Texture: fine Family: Pinaceae USDA hardiness zones: 4B through 7A (Fig. 2) Foliage Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; screen; specimen; no proven urban Leaf arrangement: alternate; spiral (Fig. 3) tolerance Leaf type: simple Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out Leaf margin: entire of the region to find the tree Leaf shape: needle-like (filiform) Leaf venation: parallel DESCRIPTION Leaf type and persistence: evergreen; fragrant; needle leaf evergreen Height: 25 to 50 feet Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches; less than 2 inches Spread: 25 to 50 feet Leaf color: blue or blue-green; green Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette Fall color: no fall color change Crown shape: spreading; pyramidal Fall characteristic: not showy Crown density: dense Growth rate: slow 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analyses of Juniperus Species in Turkey and Their Relations with Other Juniperus Based on Cpdna Supervisor: Prof
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGY APRIL 2015 Approval of the thesis MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA submitted by AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Orhan Adalı Head of the Department, Biological Sciences Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Supervisor, Dept. of Biological Sciences METU Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Musa Doğan Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof.Dr. Hayri Duman Biology Dept., Gazi University Prof. Dr. İrfan Kandemir Biology Dept., Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sertaç Önde Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Date: iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Aysun Demet GÜVENDİREN Signature : iv ABSTRACT MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA Güvendiren, Aysun Demet Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences Supervisor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Morphogenesis of the Seed Cones of the Cupressaceae - Part II Cupressoideae
    1 2 Bull. CCP 4 (2): 51-78. (10.2015) A. Jagel & V.M. Dörken Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II Cupressoideae Summary The cone morphology of the Cupressoideae genera Calocedrus, Thuja, Thujopsis, Chamaecyparis, Fokienia, Platycladus, Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Cupressus and Juniperus are presented in young stages, at pollination time as well as at maturity. Typical cone diagrams were drawn for each genus. In contrast to the taxodiaceous Cupressaceae, in Cupressoideae outgrowths of the seed-scale do not exist; the seed scale is completely reduced to the ovules, inserted in the axil of the cone scale. The cone scale represents the bract scale and is not a bract- /seed scale complex as is often postulated. Especially within the strongly derived groups of the Cupressoideae an increased number of ovules and the appearance of more than one row of ovules occurs. The ovules in a row develop centripetally. Each row represents one of ascending accessory shoots. Within a cone the ovules develop from proximal to distal. Within the Cupressoideae a distinct tendency can be observed shifting the fertile zone in distal parts of the cone by reducing sterile elements. In some of the most derived taxa the ovules are no longer (only) inserted axillary, but (additionally) terminal at the end of the cone axis or they alternate to the terminal cone scales (Microbiota, Tetraclinis, Juniperus). Such non-axillary ovules could be regarded as derived from axillary ones (Microbiota) or they develop directly from the apical meristem and represent elements of a terminal short-shoot (Tetraclinis, Juniperus).
    [Show full text]
  • КУЛЬТИВАРИ РОДУ THUJA L. ТА JUNIPERUS L. В КАМ'янистих САДАХ КИЄВА Наведено Результати Вивчення Інтродукційного Потенціалу Хвойних Рослин Роду Thuja L
    https://nv.nltu.edu.ua https://doi.org/10.15421/40281002 Article received 10.11.2018 р. R. Ya. Tatarchuk Article accepted 29.11.2018 р. [email protected] УДК 582.475.2:712.27 С. Б. Ковалевський1, Р. Я. Татарчук2 1 Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, м. Київ, Україна 2 ВП НУБіП України "Боярський коледж екології і природних ресурсів", м. Боярка, Україна КУЛЬТИВАРИ РОДУ THUJA L. ТА JUNIPeRUS L. В КАМ'ЯНИСТИХ САДАХ КИЄВА Наведено результати вивчення інтродукційного потенціалу хвойних рослин роду Thuja L. та Juniperus L. в кам'янистих садах києва. В основу досліджень покладено матеріали обстеження кам'янистих садів м. Києва. Подано асортимент найпо- ширеніших культиварів та їхню коротку характеристику. Проаналізовано видовий склад існуючих насаджень та перспекти- ву збагачення таксономічного складу кам'янистих садів. Дослідженнями встановлено, що основу видового різноманіття в кам'янистих садах складають вічнозелені рослини, переважно карликових і сланких форм. Колоновидні та конусовидні культивари висотою понад 2 м трапляються у великих за площею кам'янистих садах. Наведено порівняльну характеристику на прикладі кам'янистих композицій НБС ім. М. М. Гришка НАН України. Запропоновано проектні пропозиції використан- ня хвойних рослин у кам'янистих композиціях. Під час підбору рослин враховано їхні декоративні властивості (забарвлення хвої, форму крони), вимоги до інтенсивності сонячного освітлення впродовж дня та ґрунтових умов. Розроблено модель кам'янистого саду з вічнозелених рослин. Культивари роду Thuja L. та Juniperus L. надають кам'янистому саду неповторної чарівності впродовж року. Окрім цього, поєднання хвойних рослин із камінням має особливий ефект. Ключові слова: культивар; асортимент; характеристика; хвойні рослини. Вступ. Кам'янистий сад – відносно новий та пер- дили за "Определителем высших растений Украины" спективний прийом зеленого будівництва, який має без- (Dobrochaeva et al., 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • The Anatomy of Spruce Needles '
    THE ANATOMY OF SPRUCE NEEDLES ' By HERBERT F. MARCO 2 Junior forester. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,^ Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION In 1865 Thomas (16) * made a comparative study of the anatomy of conifer leaves and fomid that the structural variations exhibited by the different species warranted taxonomic considération. Since that time leaf anatomy has become a fertile and interesting field of research. Nearly all genera of gymnosperms have received some attention, and the literature on this subject has become voluminous. A detailed review of the literature will not be attempted in this paper, since com- prehensive reviews have already been published by Fulling (6) and Lacassagne (11). FuUing's paper contains in addition an extensive bibliography on conifer leaf anatomy. Most workers in tMs field of research have confined their efforts to the study of the cross sections of needles. This is partly because longitudinal sections are difficult to obtain and partly because they present but little structural variation of value for identification. The workers who have studied both longitudinal and cross sections have restricted their descrii)tions of longitudinal sections either to specific tissues or to a few species of a large number of genera, and the descrip- tions, although comprehensive, leave much to be desired from the standpoint of detailed information and illustration. Domer (S) was perhaps the first to use sketches to augment keys to and descriptions of the native firs and spruces. His diagrammatic sketches portray the shape of the needles in cross section and the position of the resin canals. Durrell (4) went a step further and illustrated his notes on the North American conifers by camera-lucida drawing^ depicting the orientation and arrangement of the various needle tissues in cross section.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Annals of Plant Sciences 7.4 (2018) pp. 2179-2186 Research Article Seed and seedling morphology of two near threatened Indian species: Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressus cashmeriana (Cupressaceae sensu lato) Sonali Ray1* and Nanda Dulal Paria2 1Department of Botany, Surendranath College, 24/2, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata- 700009., West Bengal, India 2Professor in Botany (retired), Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, India. Received: 2/23/2018; Revised: 2/28/2018; Accepted: 3/17/2018 Abstract: Seed and Seedling morphology of two species of Cupressaceae – Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriéreand Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don have been studied using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both the species are categorized as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List Category (2013). For characterization of seed, different parameters like shape, size, base, apex, surface were considered. For the study of seedlings, the parameters like germination pattern, root, hypocotyl, number of paracotyledons, number and nature of first leaf and subsequent leaves have been characterized. The seed and seedling characters as studied in this investigation are important as taxonomic markers for identification purpose. Keywords: Seedling morphology, identification, Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére and Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don. Introduction Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére and phylogenetic studies (Damon et al, 2006), molecular Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. Ex L.f.) D. Don belong studies (Rushforth, 2003), anatomy (Romàn-Jordàn to family Cupressaceae sensu lato. Cupressus et al., 2016) and palynology (Danti et al., 2010) for cashmeriana Royle ex Carriére is an evergreen tree, Cupressus cashmeriana.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Tsuga (Pinaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2008), 33(3): pp. 478–489 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Biogeography of Tsuga (Pinaceae) Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Chloroplast DNA Sequence Data Nathan P. Havill1,6, Christopher S. Campbell2, Thomas F. Vining2,5, Ben LePage3, Randall J. Bayer4, and Michael J. Donoghue1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106 U.S.A 2School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5735 U.S.A. 3The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 U.S.A. 4CSIRO – Division of Plant Industry, Center for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia; present address: Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennesee 38152 U.S.A. 5Present address: Delta Institute of Natural History, 219 Dead River Road, Bowdoin, Maine 04287 U.S.A. 6Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Matt Lavin Abstract—Hemlock, Tsuga (Pinaceae), has a disjunct distribution in North America and Asia. To examine the biogeographic history of Tsuga, phylogenetic relationships among multiple accessions of all nine species were inferred using chloroplast DNA sequences and multiple cloned sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. Analysis of chloroplast and ITS sequences resolve a clade that includes the two western North American species, T. heterophylla and T. mertensiana, and a clade of Asian species within which one of the eastern North American species, T. caroliniana, is nested. The other eastern North American species, T. canadensis, is sister to the Asian clade. Tsuga chinensis from Taiwan did not group with T.
    [Show full text]