N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E A M E R I C A N S C H O O L O F C L A S S I C A L S T U D I E S AT AT H E N S

ákoueákoueFall 2006, No. 56 Photo of artwork: Craig Mauzy

The works of Piet de Jong are on display at the Benaki Museum Annexe. Above, watercolor depicting the ground floor of the Stoa of Attalos before its reconstruction. See story on page 2.

IN THIS ISSUE: School Receives Grants Totaling $1.2 Million 2 Davis New School Director in 2007 3 Romano Appointed Administrative Director 3 Bridges Joins Board 4 Anniversary Events 5 Student Reports 5 “Stargazer” on Loan 6 New Kiln in Corinth 7 Summer Sessions 9 Excavations at Mt. Lykaion 11 NEH Fellows Report 13 Changing Burial Practices 15 Kress Fellows Report 19 ID’ing Cut- ters 19 Solow Fellows 20 Color in Greek Painting 25 Wiener Lab: Archaeobotanical Remains 26 INSERT: Gennadeion’s New Acquisitions G1 Pausanias Exhibition G1 New Librarian Joins Staff G2 Lecture Series G3 Mozart Concert G3 War and Identities Symposium G4 ASCSA Receives $1.2 Million for “Digital Initiatives” Director of Publications Charles Watkinson, co-leader (along with Blegen Librarian Chuck Jones) of the Information Resources Workgroup created to help define the School’s technology vision, reports on two major grants that will assist the School in developing its electronic resources.

On June 16, 2006, the Andrew W. Mellon John Gennadius’s scrapbooks (which con- Foundation announced an award of almost tain thousands of images, newspaper cut- $300,000 to fund the first phase of creating tings, and other materials related to early-

ákoue! a digital library, to redesign the School’s twentieth-century Greek history); over website, and to develop staff skills in the 4,000 letters and photographs from the management of digital resources. One Dragoumis family collection; and several week later, ASCSA General Manager Pan- thousand photographs from the School telis Panos received notice of a €700,000 archives, including pictures taken by grant made through the Greek Ministry Dorothy Burr Thompson during her travels of Culture under the Information Society in Greece and the Near East. program of the European Union. The EU The implementation of the plans set out award, the result of a collaborative pro- in the two grant proposals will take over posal spearheaded by Mr. Panos, is aimed a year, although some results will be vis- at the scanning, cataloguing, and online ible sooner. The redesign of the website, delivery of a range of materials from the for example, is already underway. After Corinth excavations, the Gennadeion, the discussions with other higher education Blegen Library, and the School Archives. institutions, the School has contracted Included are over 150,000 photographs with the web consultancy firm MStoner, from the Corinth excavations (includ- and Michael Stoner (the founder) and ing nineteenth-century glass negatives); his colleague Patrick DiMichele visited over 200,000 excavation notebook pages both Athens and Princeton in September (starting from the first records of 1896); continued on page 10

AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS Piet de Jong Exhibition Opens at Benaki 54 Souidias Street, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232 A collaborative exhibition of the works of ákoue, the newsletter of the ASCSA Piet de Jong, organized by the Agora Exca- Fall 2006 No. 56 vations and the Benaki Museum, opened at the Benaki’s new exhibition hall on Pireos Executive Editor Irene Bald Romano Street on November 13. Entitled The Art of Antiquity: Piet de Jong and the Athenian Editor Agora, the exhibition brings together ap- Sally Fay proximately 150 watercolors and ink draw- Liaisons in Athens ings by de Jong (1887–1967), one of the John Oakley & June Allison most important archaeological illustrators Design & Production of the twentieth century, with many of the Mary Jane Gavenda objects that he illustrated or that inspired ákoue is published semiannually by the him, drawing on the collection of antiqui- ASCSA under the inspiration of Doreen ties in the Agora Museum. The exhibition is C. Spitzer, Trustee Emerita. Please address scheduled to run through January 7, 2007. all correspondence and inquiries to the Most of the material, whether de Jong’s Newsletter Editor, ASCSA U.S. Office, 6–8 paintings and drawings or the antiquities Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232. Tel: (609) 683-0800; Fax: (609) 924-0578; he illustrated, comes from the collections E-mail: [email protected]; Website: www. of the Agora itself. The Agora Archives ascsa.edu.gr. contain well over 400 of Piet de Jong’s wa- tercolors and drawings. Indeed, much of our image of Aegean prehistory and Clas- ÁKOUE IN COLOR ON THE WEB. Collection of Ashmolean Museum, Oxford See this issue in color on the School’s sical archaeology has been consciously or website at: www.ascsa.edu.gr/news subconsciously defined by his illustrations Caricature of Theodore Leslie Shear (1880–1945) by Piet de Jong, 1930. letter/newsletter.htm. continued on page 4

2 Davis to Serve as School Director

The appointment of Jack L. Davis, Carl W. bridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age Blegen Professor of Greek Archaeology at (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, the University of Cincinnati, as Director of in press). Other research interests include the School was confirmed at the October the history and archaeology of Ottoman Managing Committee meeting. Mr. Davis, and early modern Greece, and the history appointed to a five-year term, succeeds of classical archaeology, in particular its current School Director Stephen V. Tracy, relationship to nationalist movements in whose term expires June 30, 2007. He will the Balkans. be accompanied in Athens by his wife, Sha- Currently Mr. Davis is directing regional ron Stocker, who is also an archaeologist studies and excavations in Albania in col- and with him manages field research proj- laboration with Albanian colleagues, and ects in Albania and Greece. is also engaged with wife Sharon Stocker A respected scholar, Mr. Davis has had in a project to publish unpublished finds considerable administrative experience, as from Blegen’s excavations at the Palace of Irene Bald Romano Graduate Advisor for Archaeology at the Nestor. His books include: Papers in Cy- University of Cincinnati for more than a cladic Prehistory (Los Angeles: Institute of Joins School Staff decade and as director or co-director of Archaeology, UCLA; 1979); Keos V. Ayia many archaeological projects over the past Irene Bald Romano has recently been ap- twenty years. He has served as a University pointed the Administrative Director of the of Cincinnati representative to the ASCSA American School of Classical Studies at Managing Committee since 2002 and has Athens’s U.S. office in Princeton, NJ. been a member on a number of Managing Ms. Romano also holds research ap- Committee committees. Mr. Davis cur- pointments in the Mediterranean Section rently chairs the ASCSA’s Committee on of the University of Pennsylvania Museum Excavation and Survey. of Archaeology and Anthropology and in Mr. Davis holds a B.A. from the Univer- the Department of Classical and Near East- sity of Akron and a Ph.D. from the Univer- ern Archaeology at Bryn Mawr College. sity of Cincinnati. He was a Member of the She earned a Ph.D. in Classical Archaeol- School from 1974 to 1976, as James Rignall ogy from the University of Pennsylvania Wheeler Fellow and Eugene Vanderpool (1980), and has taught at the University Fellow. of Pennsylvania and at Franklin and Mar- Mr. Davis directed the Pylos Archaeo- shall College. Ms. Romano has participated logical Project from 1990 to 1995; was in archaeological field projects in Spain, co-director of the archaeological survey Italy, Turkey, and Greece, including a long and associate director of the Nemea Valley association with the American School’s Archaeological Project from 1984 to 1990; Photo courtesy of Jack Davis excavations at Ancient Corinth. She was and was foreign director of the Mallakas- a Member and Fellow of the American tra Regional Archaeological Project from Jack Davis and Sharon Stocker on the foundations of the new Greek temple that School from 1976 to 1980 and a Senior 1998 to 2003. He co-directed the Keos they are excavating at Bonjakët, near the Associate Member in 1994–95. Archaeological Project (1984–85), the Greek colony of Apollonia in Albania. Ms. Romano is the author or co-author Durres Regional Archaeological Project of five books as well as numerous articles (2001–03), and the Bonjakët Excavations on Greek and Roman sculpture, Greek cult near Apollonia, Albania (2004–06). His ex- Irini: Period V (Mainz 1986); Landscape Ar- practices, and Hellenistic terracotta figu- tensive archaeological field experience also chaeology as Long-Term History: Northern rines and pottery. She has been affiliated includes work at Ayia Irini, Keos; Knossos, Keos in the Cycladic Islands (Los Angeles: with the University of Pennsylvania Mu- Crete; Korakou (Korinth); and Phylakopi, Institute of Archaeology, UCLA; 1991), seum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Melos. winner of the Jo Anne Stolaroff Cotsen various capacities since 1980 and was the Published works include results of Prize; Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological His- coordinator and co-curator of the reinstal- excavations and surveys on Keos and nu- tory from Nestor to Navarino (University of lation of the Museum’s Classical galleries, merous articles concerning the Mallakastra Texas Press; 1998); A Guide to the Palace “Worlds Intertwined: Etruscans, Greeks, Regional Archaeological Project and the of Nestor, Mycenaean Sites in Its Environs, and Romans.” Ms. Romano has also had Pylos Regional Archaeological Project. An and the Hora Museum (Princeton: ASCSA; extensive administrative and fundraising authority in the prehistory of the Aegean 2001); A Historical and Economic Geography experience through her work at the Uni- islands, Mr. Davis is author of “Review of of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea versity of Pennsylvania Museum and as a Aegean Prehistory: The Islands of the Aege- in the 18th Century (Hesperia Supplement consultant to various non-profit organiza- an,” in T. Cullen (ed.), Aegean Prehistory: A 34 (Princeton: ASCSA; 2005); and Between tions. She is married to classical archae- Review (Boston: Archaeological Institute of Venice and Istanbul: Imperial Landscapes in ologist David Gilman Romano and is the America; 2001) and of “Minoan Crete and the Greek World ca. 1500–1800 A.D. (Princ- mother of three daughters. e the Aegean,” in C.W. Shelmerdine, Cam- eton: ASCSA; 2005). e

3 de Jong Exhibit continued from page 2 languished in virtual oblivion. This exhi- dopoulos (who also contributed several bition brings de Jong’s illustrations out of essays), was published this fall and was and their style. His work in Greece, par- their isolation and unites for the first time presented at the opening of the exhibition. ticularly his contributions at Knossos and the original objects with their artful fac- Far more than an exhibition catalogue, this Pylos, are especially well known to Aegean similes, many of which have appeared in work is a beautifully illustrated collection prehistorians, but also to the general public archaeological monographs and textbooks of essays by noted scholars, many of whom who have visited these sites, even though dealing with classics and art history. have worked at the Agora excavations. they may never have heard his name. In The de Jong exhibition was spearhead- The exhibition was supported by grants Minoan Crete, his contributions include ed by John K. Papadopoulos (University from the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and the physical reconstruction in beton armée of California, Los Angeles), who worked the Institute for Aegean Prehistory, which —as reinforced concrete was then known closely with John Camp, Craig Mauzy, and also underwrote a portion of costs associ- —and bright paint of the Palace of Minos at others from the Agora in the organization ated with the book publication. e Knossos. To visit the palace site at Knossos of the exhibition, as well as with Angelos today is to experience firsthand not only Delivorrias, Stavros Vlizos, and their staff the vision of Sir Arthur Evans but the work at the Benaki Museum in the assembly of School Adds and stylistic sensitivities of Piet de Jong. the materials and the design of the exhibi- In his long association with the Athe- tion itself. New Institutions, nian Agora, spanning over three decades, The hundreds in attendance at the ex- Representatives Piet de Jong illustrated some of the most hibition’s inaugural reception heard brief important finds and monuments from the presentations by the director of the Benaki The ranks of ASCSA Cooperating Insti- site. These range in date from the Neolithic Museum, Angelos Delivorrias; ASCSA Di- tutions continue to grow, with nine new Period through the post-Byzantine era and rector Stephen V. Tracy; Mr. Papadopoulos; institutions having joined during the include objects as varied as Classical ar- Jack L. Davis (University of Cincinnati); 2005–06 academic year. At this writing, chitectural terracottas, Byzantine church and the U.S. ambassador to Greece, Charles ASCSA Cooperating Institutions now num- frescoes, Mycenaean pots, and Roman Ries. The event drew extensive press cov- ber 174 (one institution, the University of lamps, not to mention a series of essential erage and was featured in virtually every Kentucky, withdrew in the past year). topographic plans of the Agora and Acrop- Greek newspaper and highlighted by Greek The newest Cooperating Institutions olis. Until recently, the illustrations were television and radio. are: Arizona State University; Buffalo State stored in filing cabinets in the Archives of In conjunction with the exhibition, a College; California State University, Long the Agora Excavations, on the upper floor book, The Art of Antiquity: Piet de Jong and Beach; College of Charleston; DePauw of the Stoa of Attalos Museum, where they the Athenian Agora, edited by John Papa- University; Kennesaw State University; Mc- Gill University; Michigan State University; Providence College; Savannah College of Art and Design; Westminster College; and Bridges Joins ASCSA Board Willamette University. Appointments of Managing Committee representatives for The ASCSA Board of Trustees welcomes new member some of these institutions are in process Andrew P. Bridges, whose appointment was confirmed and will be addressed at a future Managing at the School’s October 27 Board meeting. Committee meeting. Mr. Bridges is a partner in the San Francisco office Meanwhile, the following new Manag- of the international law firm Winston & Strawn LLP, ing Committee representatives from current where he concentrates his practice on litigation and Cooperating Institutions were approved at strategic counseling with respect to trademark, copy- the Managing Committee’s May meeting in right, advertising, consumer protection, unfair com- New York City: Effie Athanassopoulos (Uni- petition, trade secrets, internet regulation, and media versity of Nebraska, Lincoln), representing law. A highly regarded litigator, he has been the lead the Department of Anthropology and Ge- counsel in notable intellectual property cases involving ography; Jenny Strauss Clay (University e-commerce and the Internet. of Virginia), representing the Department Mr. Bridges was a participant in the School’s 1974 of Classical Studies; Lee M. Fratantuono Summer Session and was a Regular Member in 1977–78 (Ohio Wesleyan University), representing on a Rotary Foundation fellowship. He received a B.A. the Humanities-Classics Department; Sarah in Greek and Latin, with distinction, Phi Beta Kappa, Purefoy Morris (University of California, from Stanford University in 1976; an honors B.A. in Greats (philosophy and ancient Los Angeles), representing the Department history) from the University of Oxford (Merton College) in 1980, with an M.A. fol- of Classics and the Cotsen Institute of Ar- lowing in 1985; and a J.D., cum laude, from Harvard Law School in 1983. He is a chaeology, replacing Steven Lattimore, who fluent speaker of modern Greek. has retired and becomes a non-voting mem- Mr. Bridges’ gift to the endowment and fundraising efforts were instrumental in the ber; and John K. Papadopoulos (University establishment of a Summer Session fellowship honoring the late Antony and Isabelle of California, Los Angeles), representing Raubitschek. the Department of Classics and the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. e

4 Agora Excavations, ASCSA Observe Milestone Anniversaries

Joint celebrations took place in Athens on June 15 and 16 to mark the 125th anniver- sary of the School and the 75th anniversary of the Agora Excavations. On the morning of the 15th John McK. Camp, Director of the Agora Excavations, opened an exhi- bition in the Agora, which consisted of a series of pictures in the Stoa of Attalos of the history of the excavations and the reconstruction of the Stoa. The beautiful black and white photos that lined the wall of the Stoa brought back to us the faces of all those who worked there from 1931 to the present. Refreshments were served, including birthday cake, before the at- tendees headed out onto the site with a description of the dedications around the Agora and a map of their locations. John Camp officially dedicated two benches near the Stoa of Zeus to Homer Thompson and John Travlos. Many strolled around the Agora and climbed down into the current excavation site, where trench supervisors Photo: Craig Mauzy explained the recent finds. Agora Excavations Director John Camp addresses the 75th Anniversary attendees at the Stoa of Attalos. (See more photos of the events in People & Places.) In the afternoon, an audience of nearly 300 assembled in Cotsen Hall for addresses by the General Secretary of the Ministry of stitute and the representative of the foreign the lower garden. Culture, Christos Zachopoulos; General schools. School Director Stephen V. Tracy Friday featured a day-long symposium Director of Antiquities, Vivi Vassilopou- followed with a brief history of the last on the School and the Agora. Mellon Pro- lou; Ambassador from the United States, 25 years at the ASCSA, accompanied by a fessor John H. Oakley chaired the morn- Charles Ries; and Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier, presentation featuring the major excava- ing session, which featured the following Director of the German Archaeological In- tions. The day closed with a reception in continued on page 12

Student Reports Vegetal Imagery and Neo- stood effectively. My dissertation offers a “Column of the Dancers” at Delphi, which solution that finds coherence between the combines vegetal, figural, and architectur- Attic Art many artistic and other cultural phenom- al elements into a single composition, as ena of the time. well as early examples of combined hu- CLAY M. COFER I spent academic year 2005–06 research- man and vegetal forms such as those that BRYN MAWR COLLEGE ing at the Blegen Library and traveling to appear at Vergina and Pella. Vegetal scrolls SAMUEL H. KRESS FELLOW, 2005–06 sites and museums throughout Greece, and combined human and vegetal forms Cyprus, and Turkey. During this year, I fo- develop rapidly in the Hellenistic period My dissertation thesis studies the eclec- cused my study along two lines of research and predominate in the sculptural, monu- ticism that characterizes the art of the that took advantage of being in Greece and mental, and architectural decoration of the Late Republican/Late Hellenistic period the Eastern Mediterranean: the develop- Hellenistic cities of Asia Minor. I had the and Early Imperial period in terms of an ment of vegetal decoration in Late Helle- opportunity to see and study the increas- equally widespread metaphor, the horti- nistic to Early Roman Greece, and a study ingly profuse vegetal forms that adorn the cultural practice of grafting. Grafting pres- of Neo-Attic art as represented in Athens architecture of Didyma, Teos, Magnesia ents a heretofore unexplored relationship and in greater Greece. on the Menander, and most importantly between developments in agricultural sci- In terms of vegetal imagery, I found that Pergamon. Especially significant was the ence, poetic metaphor, vegetal decoration the engrafted vegetal scrolls that appear opportunity to study a late-second-century in sculpture and painting, and composite in Augustan period art are the culmina- B.C. altar base from Pergamon, now housed creations involving a mix of forms, com- tion of a much larger tradition of vegetal at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. positions, and styles. The eclecticism of decoration that begins as early as the fourth The base is decorated with vegetal scrolls this period is a longstanding problem in century B.C. in Greece. I was able to visit engrafted with numerous trees and fruits the history of art that has yet to be under- fourth-century monuments such as the continued on page 8

5 “Stargazer” Goes on Loan to Cycladic Museum of Art

On October 3, 2006, the “Stargazer” of of the time, Calvert possessed a large col- the American School was presented to the lection of antiquities, part of which was public on the first floor of the Cycladic sold to the British Museum. Other parts, Museum of Art, as a long-term loan with with the assistance of architect Francis the approval of the School’s leadership. Bacon, who had married Frank Calvert’s Although the marble figurine has been in niece, Alice, ended up at museums in the the School’s antiquities collection for many United States. Calvert died in 1908, but years, only recently were we made aware the rest of his collection remained with his of just how rare an object it is. We felt that family at the Dardanelles and suffered dur- it should be available for all to see and we ing the Greek-Turkish War (1919–1922). are extremely delighted at this agreement The uncertainty of the times probably led with the Cycladic Museum of Art, which Francis Bacon to the decision to deposit the ensures that the “Stargazer” will at last be “Stargazer” at the American School of Clas- properly exhibited in company with his sical Studies. Bacon, a well-known architect Cycladic “cousins” and be accessible to who had participated in the excavations at the public. Assos in Asia Minor, kept in contact with The figure’s popular name “Stargazer” many members of the School, and there is derives from the noticeable backward tilt of evidence that he visited Athens in 1931. We his head. Such figures are known formally suppose that during this trip he handed the as Kilia type figures, taking their name from “Stargazer” to Rhys Carpenter, the famous the find-spot of the School’s “Stargazer,” professor of classical archaeology from Bryn the first of its kind to be published. Kilia Mawr College and Director of the School at is a site on the Gallipoli peninsula in west- the time. One year later, in 1932, Richard ern Turkey. The dating of the Kilia figu- Photo: Elias Eliades Stillwell, the new Director of the School, rines goes back to the Chalcolithic period, The “Stargazer.” found it on his desk without any indication around 4500 B.C. of how it had gotten there. Kept for more The School’s “Stargazer” was unearthed U.S. consul at the Dardanelles straits than seventy years in a box at the School’s in 1900 by Frank Calvert during his ex- and an amateur archaeologist, Frank Cal- antiquities collection, without gazing at the cavations at the site of Kilia. Although it vert excavated many sites in the Troad and stars, the “Stargazer” has now taken anoth- was included in the catalogue of the Frank the Gallipoli peninsula, including Kilia. Ac- er journey in his long life, from Souidias to Calvert Collection, which was compiled cording to Susan Heuck Allen, author of the hospitable building a few streets down two years later, its whereabouts was lost Finding the Walls of Troy (1998), although the hill, on Neophytou Douka. e for many decades until Jack Caskey identi- Frank Calvert was the first man to identify fied it in the School’s antiquities collection the walls of Troy, Schliemann always denied — Stephen V. Tracy, Director and published it in the American Journal of Calvert’s contribution to his discovery of Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, Archivist Archaeology of 1972. the Homeric city. In line with the customs

Development News

Vermeule Fellowship Within Scholarship Endowment Grows A Challenge to Give Reach Through the generosity of Miss Katherine Doreen Spitzer, Trustee Emerita and Following a bequest from long-time Keene, $89,000 has been added to the en- Chairman of the Friends of the ASCSA, Managing Committee member Em- dowment for scholarships for high school has pledged a generous challenge gift ily Dickinson Townsend Vermeule and teachers to attend the School’s Summer Ses- for the 2006–07 Annual Appeal that matching funds from the Goldsmith sion. Ms. Keene was a public high school will match all unrestricted donations Foundation and the Roebuck Estate, the teacher in Maryland for many years and was dollar for dollar, up to $250,000. Funds ASCSA Alumni/ae Association began a inspired to make her first gifts to the School raised are applied directly to the operat- campaign in 2004 to fully endow a Regu- by her wonderful experience on a Summer ing costs of the School in Athens. The lar Member Fellowship in honor of Pro- Session in 1972 led by Joseph Conant. An in- Annual Appeal runs from October 15, fessor Vermeule, who died in 2001. The trepid traveler, she was a WAC during World 2006 to October 15, 2007. Please join in School is close to completing the endow- War II and was with the OSS in London and supporting the ASCSA by making a gift ment and plans to continue efforts in this in post-war Germany, and she participated today! Checks may be made payable to area in the coming year. in many of the School’s “On-Site” tours over the ASCSA and mailed to the Princeton the years. Ms. Keene now lives in Seattle, office. Washington.

6 A New Kiln in Ancient Corinth

Philip Sapirstein (Cornell University), Homer A. and Dorothy B. Thompson Fellow at the School in 2005-06, describes an experimental and informative building project undertaken at Corinth during Summer 2006, part of a joint venture of the Corinth Architecture Project, di- rected by Robin Rhodes and sponsored by the University of Notre Dame, and Guy Sanders.

This summer at Corinth we built a large kiln simple. John stacked refractory bricks ca- as part of an experiment with the clays of pable of withstanding high temperatures for the Corinthia. This project stemmed from the inner walls and the barrel-vaulted roof investigations in 2004 into the manufacture of the chamber. A tall chimney at the back of the enormous Protocorinthian roof tiles creates a draft, spy-holes are built into the from the seventh-century B.C. temple that sides, and the front is left completely open preceded the well-known Apollo Temple of for access. The fire burns right inside the Corinth. As one of the first generation of tile chamber with the ceramics, so to protect roofs, the Protocorinthian roofing system the wares from damage by the intense flames reflects an important step towards perma- there is a low divider wall called a bag wall. nence and monumentality in early Archaic The outside of the kiln is sheathed in inex- Photo: Philip Sapirstein Greek architecture, so the technical origins pensive aerated bricks. As a finishing touch John Lambert measures and cuts bricks of these roof tiles are part of my disserta- we coated the vault’s exterior in a lime ce- that would eventually seal the front of tion research. Knowledge of the clays in ment, which gave the kiln a more attractive the kiln vault during firing. the Corinthia has expanded greatly thanks look, if not better insulation. to recent compositional analyses, but we Then Guy, Allison, and I were left to wanted to tackle the practical difficulties produce some goods to fill up the roughly cycle we rapidly brought the temperature of working with local clays to create full- two cubic meters of space inside the new from 600ºC to just short of 800ºC, which we sized replica tiles. This was no easy task, kiln. We mined clay from a number of sites believed would be high enough to low-fire given their complexity and size—up to 35 below the ridges between Acrocorinth and the contents. The kiln was sealed up to cool kg per tile—but we were encouraged by Penteskouphia village, all within a few ki- off gradually, and after two days we were de- the successful creation of similar replica lometers of Temple Hill and the ancient lighted to discover the batch had survived. tiles at Isthmia 25 years ago (Rostoker and Potter’s quarter. One of the best spots for The wares were fired with only about 125 Gebhard, JFA 8, 1981, pp. 211–27). John mining a workable buff clay was only a few kg of wood. The results of the study are in Lambert, a recent M.F.A. from the Univer- hundred meters from the findspot of the fa- preparation for a preliminary publication, sity of Notre Dame who creates large-scale mous Penteskouphia plaques. We produced and we hope to fire the kiln many times terracotta sculpture, arrived as part of the a number of test bricks with various kinds of again in future investigations into the art of Corinth Architecture Project. My wife, Al- tempering and carefully charted the quality ceramics at Ancient Corinth. e lison Trdan, was in Corinth for the summer of the clay and the dimensions of the bricks and provided assistance with kiln building at various stages of mixing and drying. Be- and tile firing. Guy Sanders, Director of the sides the bricks, we made more replica roof Upcoming School Corinth Excavations, offered not only his tiles as well as a few animal and Psi figurines expertise on local clay sources, but also a with the ceramic and terracotta specialists Conferences workspace in Ancient Corinth and the all- who were working at the museum at the “Athenian Potters and Painters II” will important supplies for making the tiles. Our time. Guy’s terrier Norma watched over the be held at the American School of Classical investigations eventually developed into a whole process and kept the neighborhood Studies on March 28–30, 2007, in Cotsen full experimental archaeology project, and kitten from leaving too many paw prints on Hall. Co-organized by John Oakley and lately we successfully fired several replica our bricks as they dried. Olga Palagia, the conference will feature tiles in Guy’s custom-built kiln. After a long, hot summer we were ready 35 international speakers who will talk After the 2004 season I had produced to load the kiln. We stacked nearly 500 kg about various aspects of Athenian painted replica tiles, but with measurements up to of objects inside, set up the bag wall, and pottery. Attendance is free. The proceed- 65 cm across, they were too large to fit inside sealed the chamber with a front wall built ings are expected to be published by the a conventional electric kiln. This summer’s of more refractory bricks. The firing lasted School as an Hesperia Supplement. goal was to build a kiln big enough for sev- nearly 24 hours, beginning with a low-tem- “Half a Century on the Isthmus: A con- eral Protocorinthian tiles. It happened that perature pre-firing to remove completely ference to celebrate over fifty years of John already had built a few wood-fired any lingering atmospheric moisture, and excavation and survey on the Isthmus kilns in the United States. His design for a we found the best way to gradually raise of Corinth,” will take place at the School’s horizontal-draft chamber, while not identi- the temperature afterwards was by pitching Cotsen Hall, June 15–17, 2007. The event cal to the traditional Mediterranean updraft a handful of small logs into the kiln door is being organized by Elizabeth Gebhard, kiln, created atmospheric conditions similar every few minutes. Fortunately the chimney and Timothy Gregory, long-time directors to an ancient kiln. never belched enough smoke to attract the of the University of Chicago Excavations John started by leveling a building site fire brigade over to our operation, although at Isthmia and the Ohio State Excavations and coating the floor with crushed stone by 500ºC we were beginning to wish we had at Isthmia, respectively. insulation. The construction is relatively more fire-proof gear. Toward the end of the

7 Publications News

The June 2006 celebration of 75 years of of Piet de Jong’s affectionate caricatures are search time in the process. The initiative excavations in the Athenian Agora was also included, representing famous School also increases the number of readers for accompanied by the publication of Agora figures such as Virginia Grace and Carl Ble- articles published in Hesperia, which is al- Excavations, 1931–2006: A Pictorial His- gen. The complex, full-color book is the ready one of the most highly cited journals tory. Written by Craig A. Mauzy, Manager product of truly international teamwork. in classical studies and archaeology. of the Agora Excavations, with contribu- It was designed and edited in Princeton by  tions by Agora Excavations Director John Mary Jane Gavenda and Carol A. Stein, with In July, the Publications Committee wel- McK. Camp II, the book describes the first the editorial input of Timothy D. Wardell. comed a new Chair, Daniel J. Pullen, Pro- season of fieldwork and then moves on to The printing, as well as the publication of fessor of Classics at Florida State University. focus on some key moments in the Agora’s a Greek-language edition, was supervised As well as being an active excavator and recent history—from the reconstruction in Athens by Kostas Papadopoulos of the field surveyor, Mr. Pullen has an impres- of the Stoa of Attalos to the landscaping Greek publisher Potamos. He was assisted sive publications record, including a major of the archaeological park. While many by Craig Mauzy, who was also responsible monograph entitled The Early Bronze Age of the illustrations are from the archives, for the photography and scanning of Piet Village on Tsoungiza Hill, which is now en- the more recent, color photographs were de Jong’s watercolors. tering production in the Publications Of- taken by Mr. Mauzy himself. Copies of the  fice. He replaces Carol C. Mattusch, Mathy book were eagerly consumed by visitors to Although the focus has been on the Agora Professor of Art History at George Mason a commemorative exhibition held on the this year, other book projects have moved University, who has served as Chair of the upper floor of the Stoa, and it remains on steadily to completion. The Greek Tile Works Committee with great skill for a number of sale through both the Publications Office at Corinth, by Gloria S. Merker, and Chryso- years. Ms. Mattusch continues her service (www.ascsa.edu.gr/publications) and the kamino: The Metallurgy Workshop and Its Ter- to the School as a member of the Executive shop in the Agora museum. ritory, by Philip P. Betancourt, both appeared Committee. e in the Hesperia Supplement series, while the — Charles Watkinson publication of a revised edition of Castles of Director of Publications the Morea, by Kevin Andrews, makes avail- able again (over 50 years after it was first Student Reports published) a famous study of the Grimani continued from page 5 codex, the collection of seventeenth-century plans of Venetian fortifications in Greece and has its closest parallel in art to the Ara that is one of the treasures of the Gennadius Pacis of Augustus. It seems clear that the Library. Many more books are in develop- Romans continued and further developed ment, and Editor of Monographs Michael A. an already established tradition of vegetal Fitzgerald has been working with the Publi- decoration with strong roots in Asia Minor cations Committee to handle the review of a and especially Pergamon. record number of new submissions. The second part of my research con- centrated on eclectic art of the first cen-  tury B.C. in Greece, especially Neo-Attic Article submissions to Hesperia have also sculpture. Neo-Attic art best expresses been flooding in, keeping Editor Tracey the Roman appropriation of Greek artistic Photo: Craig Mauzy Cullen and Production Manager Sarah forms and styles and their adaptation into George Figueira extremely busy. To ensure The 75th Agora anniversary crowd something Graeco-Roman. It is assumed peruses copies of Agora Excavations, that each issue contains at least three or that there were two centers of Neo-Attic 1931–2006. four papers, a limit of 75 printed pages has production: one in Athens and the other been imposed on each article. Subscribers in Italy. But while Neo-Attic art is well rep- have welcomed the range of subjects that resented in Italy, relatively few attestations Another beautifully illustrated book was are covered in each issue, and authors have survive from Greece. It was thus necessary printed in October to accompany an exhi- generally found that the length limit helps for me to clarify the nature of Neo-Attic art bition of watercolors by the archaeologi- them focus their arguments. Innovations in as it is represented in Greece in order to cal illustrator Piet de Jong, which opened the online edition of Hesperia (accessible better understand Neo-Attic art in general. at the Benaki Museum’s Pireos Street an- via www.hesperiaonline.org) continue. In My study included the Lesser Propylaia at nex in Athens on November 13. John K. September, the journal joined the CrossRef Eleusis, the sculptural corpus from the An- Papadopoulos’s The Art of Antiquity: Piet reference citation linking service, a coop- tikythera shipwreck housed in the National de Jong and the Athenian Agora is, however, erative of over 1600 publishers. This sys- Archaeological Museum, and individual far more than just an exhibition catalogue. tem allows live links to be created between works such as marble kraters and pinakes With short essays on different periods and bibliographic references in Hesperia articles found in museums throughout Greece and types of material by several Agora staff and and online versions of the books and jour- Turkey. I tried to distinguish patterns in affiliated scholars, the book places the artist nals cited. Readers of the online edition can the processes of selecting elements of style in the context of the discovery of the politi- now seamlessly follow themes of interest and composition from earlier sources and cal and civic center of Athens. A number through the literature, saving valuable re- continued on next page

8 Students and Teachers Sing Praises of Summer Sessions

“Fasouli to fasouli, gemizei to sakouli.” Members contributed to discussions at (Bean by bean the bag gets full.) sites, wearing their knowledge lightly and Summer Session I students learned this generously. traditional Greek phrase at the beginning We visited 98 sites and monuments, and of their exploration of Greece, and indeed, made 39 museum visits. We enjoyed 40 little by little, site by site, museum by mu- member reports and presentations by 53 seum, beach by beach, the trip unfolded to invited speakers, 7 of whom gave multiple become a fulfilling experience for all. presentations to our group. This generosity Participants consisted of two teachers, of time and energy is what makes the Sum- eight undergraduates/new graduates, and mer Session the unique and outstanding ten graduate students, and formed a cohe- program that it is. In addition, we were sive, enthusiastic, and appreciative group fortunate to be in Athens to attend papers at that made the Director’s task a pleasure the Symposium on the Anniversary of the every day. 125 years of Work at the American School The range of knowledge the Members of Classical Studies at Athens and the 75 possessed was wide and deep, with strong Years of the Agora Excavations. backgrounds in art history, literature, lan- Members loved living (and eating) in guage, prehistoric and classical archaeol- Loring Hall, and often sang its praises. On Photo: Charles Muntz ogy, osteology, music, and ancient and near the road, we had several memorable out- Summer Session I students visit the eastern history. Throughout the program, continued on page 18 Stadium at Messene.

Student Reports continued from previous page Daily I witness the sunset migration of an, the Muses, Augustus, and Apollo with swallows, tiny white boats on the deep blue Daphne: they were all for sale in imported their subsequent combination and transfor- gulf, and enthusiastic local electioneering, Italian marbles. It seemed Roman villa cul- mation into new artistic idioms that have complete with roving campaign cars broad- ture reborn, but with today’s aristocrats go- long-lasting effects and can undergo further casting slogans. At night, the old familiar ing even further east than Cicero to find a processes of combination and transforma- owls hoot below moonlit (and now also proper suite of sculpture for their homes, tion. Such processes are fully realized in the artificially lit) Acrocorinth. My main oc- hotels, and gardens. metaphor of grafting: an engrafted tree, like cupation is my dissertation on Late Antique Earlier in the year, I took part in another the ones described in Virgil and Pliny, is the Corinth: history, epigraphy, sculpture, and first: the American School of Classical Stud- result of a multiplicity of sources unified civic institutions of the city in the shadowy ies at Athens in Albania. Jack and Shari Da- into an enduring creation. Like the tree, era from Diocletian through the end of An- vis, along with several Albanian colleagues, Neo-Attic forms are forever mutable. tiquity. My research ranges from headless took a busload of archaeologists to sites and On April 6, I presented a lecture as a chalmydati to the barbarian invasions that museums from the border of Montenegro part of the ASCSA Tea Talk series, entitled continue even today, as the crowds file on to the Straits of Corfu. Alongside a trickle “Grafting Styles in Neo-Attic Art.” About and off their buses. of other tourists, we stayed at modern ho- 25 people attended the lecture and I re- This summer I also experienced the tels and tavernas, drove along truly terrible ceived good and helpful comments from first international conference organized by roads, and hiked up many a castle-crowned many fellow students and professors. the Institute for Near Eastern Languages peak. In the capital of Tirana we dined with I am grateful to the Samuel H. Kress and Civilizations at Peking University in the American Ambassador among a colorful Foundation for this wonderful opportunity. Beijing, China. This gathering of scholars series of ex-communist apartment blocks, My research and experiences have provided was optimistically titled “Building a Har- now painted in pink, green, and yellow. We me with solid foundations for continued monious and Sustainable Society, Message saw villages little changed from the days work and the writing of my dissertation. from the Ancient Near East.” As soon as of Lord Byron, donkey-drawn plows and I heard about this, I just had to go and Mercedes, ruined churches and reopened  see the state of the field in the Far East, mosques, rows of concrete pillboxes, too Corinth, Albania, and on a campus hewn from the Qing Dynasty many car washes, and spectacular moun- Summer Palace. I found a quite illustrious tain views. A Chinese-built submarine base Romans in China array of Chinese professors and students, nestled under the castle of Ali Pasha; statues along with a selection of curious western of the national hero Scanderbeg reared their AMELIA R. BROWN academics from a dizzying range of spe- goat-horned heads at every turn. I found UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY cialties: priests, professors of Classics, dirt too that quite a few ancient friends from EDWARD W. CAPPS FELLOW, 2006-07 archaeologists, medical doctors, and even Corinth had been there before me. Albania the odd cultural anthropologist. After the is indeed a long-missing piece of the Balkan What do these things have in common? I papers, and trips to medieval Ming tombs puzzle, now gradually welcoming more visi- am currently residing in beautiful Ancient and a snaking section of the Great Wall, we tors every day, like China, or Corinth long Corinth as an ASCSA Associate Member. made a visit to a marble workshop. Hadri- ago. e

9 School Members Visit Albania

Jack L. Davis reports here on last spring’s School trip to Albania.

The first-ever ASCSA trip to Albania, April 11–17, 2006, was an enormous success! Sixteen members of the School, including School Director Stephen V. Tracy, flew from Athens to Tirana, where they were met by hosts Iris Pojani (Director of the Internation- al Centre for Albanian Archaeology in Tirana [the “Packard Center”]) and Shari Stocker and Jack Davis (University of Cincinnati). In a whirlwind excursion, the group crossed the country from north to south, visiting many of its most famous archaeological sites: Photo: Phyllis Graham the Castle of Rozafa in Shkodra/Skutari, the Albania trip participants at the archaeological museum of Vlora. Archaeological Museum and amphitheater at Durrës (ancient Dyrrachium), the Onufri Museum in the Castle of Berat, the ancient way, time was found for a grueling hike The group enjoyed extraordinary hospi- Greek colony of Apollonia, and the National to the summit of the acropolis of ancient tality offered by Albanian archaeologists, who Park of Butrint (including the ancient city Phoinike, capital of the Hellenistic Epirote guided us through sites and museums and of Buthrotos). league, and to go “off-road” to Pyrrhus of described their recent fieldwork. The School Among natural splendors enjoyed were Epirus’ new city Antigone/Antigoneia, in is especially grateful to Ols Lafe (M.A., Uni- the remarkable Syri-i Kaltër (or “Blue Eye”), the Dropull (the valley of Gjirokastra/Ar- versity of Cincinnati), an archaeologist in a supposedly bottomless geyser near Meso- gyrokastro). On the return journey north the Institute of Archaeology in Tirana, who potam, and a breathtaking descent through to Tirana, Ali Pasha’s fortress at Tepelena of- accompanied the group on the entire trip the Llogora Pass through Greek-speaking fered a special attraction, in that its interior and shared with its members a considerable villages in the district of Himara. Along the remains inhabited to this day. knowledge of the history of his country. e

Digital Initiatives continued from page 2 opment. Mr. Staples is Director of Digital Together, the Mellon and EU grants pro- Library Research and Development at the vide a solid basis for further development to talk with staff about their ambitions University of Virginia and, in September, of the School’s electronic resources. Imple- for the site. Feedback was also solicited he organized the first of three workshops menting the digital library system will re- from members of the Managing Commit- in Athens with the aim of presenting a quire further technological innovation and tee, Trustees, Members of the School, and prototype information architecture for the reorganization of staff duties, and opportu- Alumni/ae. MStoner aims to complete the School by November 2007. nities for Phase 2 funding are already being planning stage by the end of 2006, at which During the two-week workshop, Mr. sought. While there are many challenges point design work will start with the aim of Staples worked intensively with Tarek Ele- to overcome, digital technologies have the launching the new website in May 2007. mam, Information Systems Manager; Bruce potential to help the School achieve its mis- One of the most complex activities in the Hartzler, Agora IT Manager; James Herbst, sion even more effectively: students who grant proposals is the design of the School’s Architect and IT Coordinator at Corinth; increasingly live and work online will find digital library. While many institutions now and Carol Stein, Managing Editor and IT a stimulating electronic, as well as physical, have “institutional repositories,” in which Coordinator in Princeton. This “informa- environment when they arrive in Athens; faculty and staff can store computer files, tion architecture team” visited all depart- the option to search across databases and these are only searchable to a limited degree ments of the School to inventory the types materials traditionally kept separate will and the types of digital material that can be of electronic material that the digital library open up new research avenues to schol- stored in them is limited to relatively com- would be expected to hold, documented ars, not only when they are in Greece but mon file types. The School’s responsibility the technical standards to which various also from their home bases; archaeological for archiving archaeological data, includ- types of material should be digitized, and projects will find a solution to the problem ing preserving the web of interrelationships began designing the prototype software. of where to store the irreplaceable digital between finds, context, and interpretation, They also met with Michael Stoner, Patrick records of fieldwork in the same secure requires the design of a more complex digi- DiMichele, and Pantelis Nikolaidis, the EU environment as they currently store their tal content management system, and the grant consultant, to make sure that all the paper materials; and publications of the ASCSA is fortunate to have secured the digital initiative projects were proceeding School’s research can become more inter- consultancy services of Thornton Staples, in a coordinated way. active and reach an even wider audience. one of the leaders in digital library devel- There are exciting times ahead. e

10 Excavations at Mt. Lykaion Underway

David Gilman Romano and Mary E. Voyatzis, co-directors of the Mt. Lykaion excavation project, outline their project goals and report on their inaugural season.

A new excavation and survey project was Kourouniotes in 1902 and again in 1909. site for further research. With the sup- launched this summer at the Sanctuary of The upper sanctuary at the southern peak port of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, Zeus on Mt. Lykaion, high in the mountains of the mountain is about 0.5 square kilome- architecture students from the University of Arcadia. A collaborative venture under ters in area and includes the open-air ash of Pennsylvania School of Design initiated the auspices of the ASCSA, this synergasia altar as well as a large temenos. The lower an architectural documentation project for project (website: http://lykaionexcavation. sanctuary is approximately 2 square kilo- the site. The topographical survey is also org) is under the direction of Mary Voyatzis meters where the hippodrome, stadium, working towards creating a new detailed of the University of Arizona, Anastasia xenon[?] stoa, fountains, and bath building topographical map of the site. The geologi- Panagiotopoulou of the Fifth Ephorate of are located. Kourouniotes also tentatively cal survey is under the direction of George Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and identified the location of the sanctuary of Davis of the University of Arizona, who is David Gilman Romano of the University Pan, mentioned by Pausanias, in the area to working towards an understanding of the of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology the southwest of the hippodrome. In 1996 structural geology of the region, posing the and Anthropology. David Romano and a team from the Uni- question of whether or not the geological The project was conceived as a multi- versity of Pennsylvania Museum, through history of the area influenced the selection disciplinary excavation and survey project. the ASCSA, conducted a computerized of the location of the sanctuary. Geophysi- The site, located to the west of Megalopolis topographical and architectural survey of cal work at the site was carried out in 2005 on the mountain of Agios Elias, held fasci- the entire site, which resulted in the first under the direction of Apostolos Sarris of nation for the ancient Greeks and continues accurate modern map of the area. the Institute for Mediterranean Studies of to be important for modern-day scholars of Due directly to the assistance and good Rethymno, Crete. archaeology, classics, and Greek religion. will of our Greek Archaeological Service The Syllogos of the tiny village of Ano Pausanias described the sanctuary of Zeus colleagues, current work at the site began Karyes (population 23) has been instru- in great detail, mentioning that there was a in the summers of 2004 and 2005 when mental in the success of this project. We stadium and hippodrome on Mt. Lykaion, we were able to carry out limited archi- have received much support from the in which there were athletic games for the tectural, topographical, geological, and President of the village Syllogos, Kyriakos Lykaion festival, a sanctuary of Pan, and geophysical work. Under the auspices of Karagiannis, and Vice-President Sophia Ka- at the summit, a formidable temenos and the Fifth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Clas- kolidou, as well as from Secretary Chris- open-air ash altar of Lykaion Zeus. Sev- sical Antiquities in conjunction with the tos Koumoundouros and former president eral ancient authors (Plato, Theophrastus, village of Ano Karyes, and with the sup- Nikos Kostopoulos. The Syllogos has gen- Pausanias) mention that human sacrifice port of several foundations and individual erously provided us with the use of the took place at this famous altar. The ancient donors, work was begun to prepare the continued on page 26 Greeks considered the whole mountain sa- cred, and Greek mythology identifies the site as the birthplace of Zeus (at Cretea). Scientific exploration of this impor- tant and early religious site in a remote and little-studied part of Greece presents a unique opportunity to examine a host of research questions. These relate to the origins of Greek religion and cult practices, including the nature and role of sacrifice, both animal and human, and athletic com- petitions as performances for the gods; re- gional historical developments; the rela- tionship between religion and politics; and the rationale for the locations of ancient Greek cult sites. The site also has several unique architectural structures, including the only hippodrome that can be visualized and measured in the entire Greek world, the only stadium that is situated within a hippodrome, and a well-preserved fourth- century bath building. The sanctuary was investigated by the Greek Archaeological Society under K. Photo: David Romano Kontopoulos briefly in 1897 and by K. Sanctuary seats after cleaning.

11 Blegen Library News

Staff In early 2006 the Blegen Library hold within their records in AMBROSIA. consultancies in collection assessment and team welcomed a new member when Pan- Several hundred of these have been added technical and IT services workflow. (For agiota Magouti joined us as our cataloguer. in recent months. a report on other components of the Mellon With her in place, the Library is fully and  grant, see the report by Charles Watkinson in this issue.) In a parallel track, the Director of appropriately staffed. In July 2006 Benja- Coordinated Service Model During the the Gennadius Library, the Head Librarian min Millis was promoted to the position January 2006 meeting of the ASCSA Manag- of the Blegen Library, the Director of the of Acquisitions Librarian. Together with ing Committee in Montreal, senior manage- School, and others have been working to existing librarians Maria Tourna and Eliza- ment, in consultation with staff present at clarify existing policies and procedures in vet Gignoli, and with the essential partner- the time, made a commitment to develop a each of the libraries; to analyze existing and ship of Tarek Elemam as Systems Librarian, Coordinated Service Model for the School’s historical staff functions; and to understand we have in place an energetic and creative library collections, as recommended by the and articulate workflow issues. We expect team, of which I am pleased to be a part. Mellon Foundation’s Visitors’ report. The to make substantial progress on this effort  School has concluded that this process will in the coming months. Catalogue (http://ambrosialibrary.org/) require the creation of a Library and Infor- The staff of the Blegen has been working mation Services Unit drawing on staff from  hard to assure that all of the holdings are its libraries, archives, and IT departments. News Dissemination We have revived the properly represented in AMBROSIA. We This new unit, to be chaired by the Head of News feature of the Blegen Library website. have been working through the missing the Blegen Library, is developing the Coor- We expect also to soon be providing infor- records, updating and repairing and aug- dinated Service Model to manage the library mation on the Library to anyone interested menting additional records as we go. In and archival collections and to facilitate re- in joining a mailing list. For the time being, Summer 2005 we implemented the auto- search through the integration of IT services. click on “Library News” at www.ascsa.edu. mated generation of monthly acquisitions Recognizing that this kind of redeployment gr/blegen/b_index.htm. e lists. It is now possible to see such list for of resources and personnel is not a trivial each month beginning with February 2005 task, the School successfully applied to the — Charles E. Jones, Blegen Librarian (follow the link from the Blegen home page Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to support at: www.ascsa.edu.gr/blegen/b_index.htm). The link to “New Books” from the AM- BROSIA home page: http://ambrosialibrary. School, Agora Anniversaries org/ yields monthly acquisitions lists for all continued from page 5 three libraries combined. We expect that speakers: John Camp, on the Agora Ex- pher and Manager of the Agora Excava- these lists will be of use here in Athens, but cavations 1931–2006; School Archivist tions, who presented a pictorial history of also at a distance, to allow anyone planning Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, on the history the Agora Excavations. shorter or longer visits here to prepare in and organization of the Archives; Sherry Celebrations concluded with a dinner advance. By the time this report appears we Fox, Director of the Wiener Laboratory, on in the lower garden for the symposium will have completed the final component of the work of the lab; Maria Liston (Univer- participants, academic staff, and visiting the initial ALEPH training—for the Serials sity of Waterloo), on the Bone Well of the trustees. Module—and will have commenced enter- Agora and the nature of the deaths of the To mark the occasion the School pro- ing our serials data in AMBROSIA. infants found there; Olga Palagia (Univer- duced, in both Greek and English, a com-  sity of Athens), on Gorham Stevens and the memorative book authored by Craig Mauzy: Electronic Resources (www.ascsa.edu. Athena statues on the Acropolis; Genna- Agora Excavations 1931–2006, A Pictorial gr/blegen/resources.htm) We are working dius Library Director Maria Georgopoulou, History. Craig sifted through thousands of to develop the suite of publications and re- on recent developments at the Library; and photos from the Stoa archives to put to- sources we provide electronically. We now Barbara Tsakirgis (Vanderbilt University), gether a pictorial narrative of the progress offer access to more than 360 periodicals on houses in and near the Agora. of the excavations, the reconstruction of online [http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/blegen/ The afternoon session was chaired by the Stoa of Attalos and of the Church of the data/alljournals.asp]. Many of these are John Camp. Speakers were Susan Rotroff Holy Apostles, and the landscaping of the open access, others are by subscription. (Washington University in St. Louis), Agora. Included also are memorable photos Subscription-based periodicals are acces- who spoke on commercial buildings in of the excavators, staff, and students and a sible at the Souidias Street campus, the the Agora; Alkestis Choremi, Director of listing of the names of all the volunteers for Agora, and the offices in Princeton. Mem- A’ Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical An- the last twenty-five years. This is a book to bers of the School not physically present tiquities, who addressed the development keep—providing a treasure of reminiscenc- at those locations can nevertheless use the of the whole Agora area and its museum es for many of the School’s older members electronic resources we license from wher- from 1998 through 2005; Mark Lawall and staff, and for the younger generation, ever they happen to have access to the web (University of Manitoba), who discussed a loving memorial of the dedication and by means of the proxy server by logging in amphoras and developments since Virginia hard work that has made the site what it at www.ascsa.edu.gr/blegen/proxy.htm. We Grace; Agora Architect Richard Anderson, is for them today. e are also working to integrate links to digi- who spoke on new technology for plotting — June Allison tally accessible versions of publications we monuments; and Craig Mauzy, Photogra-

12 NEH Fellows Examine Architecture, Art, and Archaeology Thanks to support from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), three scholars were able to advance their research at the School during the 2005–06 academic year, as they report here.

I spent this past year in Athens as an NEH Fellow and a Fulbright Senior Scholar studying the small limestone buildings on the Acropolis of Athens. In the sixth cen- tury B.C., the first monumental temples were built on the Acropolis, the so-called H-architecture that stood on the south side from about 570 B.C., and the late-sixth- century temple of Athena Polias on the north. In addition to these temples, several other limestone buildings of modest dimen- sions but elaborate decoration adorned the sanctuary. They were designated Buildings A, B, C, D, and E by Theodor Wiegand in Die Archaische Poros-Architektur der Ak- ropolis zu Athen (Leipzig 1904) and were subsequently studied by Rudolf Heberdey in Altattische Porosskulptur. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der archaischen griechischen Photo: Nancy Klein Kunst (Vienna 1919). While the buildings Architectural blocks from the small poros buildings B and C, reused in the foundations have been known for over a hundred years, of the Propylaia, as seen in a 1988 visit by the Regular Members of the ASCSA. the ambiguity of the published evidence regarding their number, appearance, and light-on-dark painted decoration. Ad- the American School of Classical Studies dates of construction has precluded a gen- ditional architectural fragments suggest in Athens for their support. the presence of other buildings with Ionic eral understanding of their importance. — Nancy L. Klein, Texas A&M University My work has concentrated on making a characteristics. My detailed observation of individual blocks allows me to docu- complete catalogue of the extant architectur-  al and sculptural elements. Wiegand’s and ment the craftsmanship that went into each Heberdey’s conclusions still have relevance building’s construction and repair as well Thanks to the American School and the but were not based upon a complete cata- as evidence for dismantling or destruc- National Endowment for the Humanities, logue. The best pieces are on display in the tion. This provides a life history of each I was able to spend six months in Greece Acropolis Museum, others are in the Pro- building from its design to its demise and during 2005–06 working on a book on pylaia foundations, and the majority is cur- greater insight into the architectural his- the architecture of Minoan Crete from the rently stored in basement storerooms on the tory of the Acropolis from the sixth century Neolithic period to the Early Iron Age (ca. Acropolis. Most pieces were recovered in the onwards. By considering this fundamental 6000 B.C.–1100 B.C.). Without the facili- late-nineteenth-century excavations of the evidence against the backdrop of Acropo- ties at the School and the research funds fill to the south and east of the Parthenon. lis studies, my research will shed light on to do the necessary fieldwork, the project The architectural and sculptural elements many other subjects: it can tell us about the would have been impossible. In Athens I seem to have been intentionally broken up development of an Athenian architectural had access not only to the unparalleled into small pieces, since most can be moved style in the sixth century, it can address Blegen Library, but also to conversations by one or two people and a considerable the function of the buildings (treasuries with colleagues, fascinating Tea Talks and number of them are even smaller. or predecessors to later buildings such as lectures at the School, and important pre- My study of these remains will contrib- the Pinakotheke?), and it can even surmise sentations at the Upper House Seminars at ute to our understanding of the Acropolis who might have been responsible for their the British School and the Minoan Semi- in many ways. For example, it will be pos- construction. nar at the Danish Institute. Research trips sible to propose a reconstruction of each My work on the Acropolis would not to Crete allowed me to see important new building and to consider its association have been possible without the permis- excavations and to reconsider familiar sites with the extant architectural sculpture. sion of the First Ephoreia of Prehistoric in light of recent publications. As much as I At least four Doric buildings, A, B, C, and and Classical Antiquities and the assistance love teaching at Hamilton College in rural E, were built between 560 and the end of of Dr. Christina Vlassopoulou and her staff, upstate New York, it is clear that this past the sixth century. To these must belong as well as the guards who have been my semester “We’re not in Kansas anymore.” the well-known pedimental composition constant companions in the storerooms. As busy as the semester was, the project of Herakles fighting the Hydra, as well as I am grateful to these individuals as well is more or less on schedule and is turning other sculpted compositions and a few as the National Endowment for the Hu- out to be even more exciting that I had tantalizing fragments of a pediment with manities, the Fulbright Foundation, and continued on page 14

13 NEH Fellows continued from page 13

 is Hill’s lifelong devotion to the antiqui- I am very grateful to the National Endow- ties of Corinth. Well known are his efforts ment of the Humanities and to the Ameri- to secure the site and museum at Ancient can School of Classical Studies at Athens Corinth on the eve of World War II. Less for the generous support during my sab- so are his Herculean hydraulic labors at batical leave from Harvard University. The Ancient Corinth, which culminated in year brought opportunities to travel for his collaboration with the Athens School serious research and more general explo- of Hygiene to cure Peirene, and Ancient ration, from the Black Sea littoral to Corfu Corinth, of typhoid in 1932–33. This work, and across northern Greece, around the never published per se, included the clear- sites and sanctuaries of Attica to the Coin ing of hundreds of meters of water-collec- Cabinet of the Staatliche Museen, Berlin. tion tunnels and the sealing of wells against My main activity this year was the surface contamination. Along the way, Hill preparation of a book manuscript, “Histo- and his tunnelers discovered the system of ries of Peirene.” This work focuses on the wells belonging to the South Stoa, of which pre-eminent fountain of Corinth, tracing only the ends had then been excavated. its development from a nameless spring to Noting the even spacing of the wells, Hill Illustration: John McEnroe renowned monument and poetic source of predicted that excavation would reveal that the stoa was divided into a series of rooms, The EM II hamlet at Myrtos (left) inspiration, and from a Roman-era “marble compared with the EM III/MM IA city magnificence” to a quiet Medieval church- each approximately five meters wide and at Malia (right). yard. The book explores three themes: the boasting a well of its own. Laying the stoa architectural history of Peirene within the bare in subsequent seasons, Oscar Broneer would prove him right. e hoped. While the aim of the book is to pro- evolving cityscape of Corinth, artistic and vide the first overall history of Minoan ar- literary representations of the spring, and — Betsey A. Robinson, Harvard University chitecture, the act of considering hundreds finally, the history of excavation and study of individual buildings within the context of Peirene from 1898 to the present. of “the big picture” has led to some unex- The historiographic chapters have yield- pected findings. To cite just one example, ed some of the most interesting discoveries. the Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan IA After chronicling the discovery and early period (ca. 2200 B.C.–1900 B.C.) is gener- exploration of the Peirene fountain, I’ve ally regarded as a sort of ghost in terms of followed Bert Hodge Hill’s efforts to piece architecture. This was the period that im- together the complex history of the monu- mediately preceded the construction of the ment, to understand how it functioned in first Palaces, yet it was known mainly for a antiquity, and to restore it to working order. few magnificent tombs and a handful of de- Under Hill’s direction, a new generation of cidedly odd buildings (e.g., the Oval House archaeologists, among them C.W. Blegen at Chamaizi, the small fort at Aghia Photia). and W.B. Dinsmoor, learned the ropes at My research is beginning to show that we Peirene. Their Corinthian exploits make know much more about this period than we great storytelling. Hill and his students su- thought we knew, and we have simply been pervised the removal of tons of earth; they overlooking a great deal of readily avail- surveyed choked-up tunnels, sometimes able information. The settlement at Malia, nearly over their heads in water and mud; in particular, is emerging as a very large like so many of the villagers around them, town with distinctively designed houses, a they suffered bouts of malaria and typhoid public shrine, and what may be the earliest fever. And they left behind a remarkably monumental architecture in Crete. During detailed record, one that not only allows this period Malia was exponentially larger us to reconstruct their working methods, and more complex than the small 30- to but to query their data anew and to make 40-person hamlets that had characterized new discoveries. the preceding Early Minoan II period. This Hill included stratigraphic sections in in turn raises important questions about his own notebooks as early as 1902, and within a decade they were standard prac- how and where the first Minoan palaces Photo courtesy Betsey Robinson came about. So far nearly every chapter has tice for his protégés. In fact, it is the re- Betsey Robinson and Paul Scotton produced similar surprises. analysis of the stratigraphic evidence from Ashton Sanborn’s 1910 excavations beside (California State University, Long Beach) I am grateful to the School and the NEH “wearing” Peirene after an afternoon of Peirene that provoked my redating of the for having had this opportunity. exploring the spring-fed tunnels behind Peirene “of Herodes Atticus” to the fourth the fountain façade, summer 2006. —John C. McEnroe, Hamilton College or fifth century A.D. Also extraordinary

14 F A L L e 2 0 0 6 GennadeionGennadeion NewsNews A SPECIAL INSERT TO THE NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

Gift to Gennadeion Illustrates Pronunciation of Greek

The Gennadius Library has recently received a gift of four Greek manu- scripts donated by Curtis Runnels, Professor of Archaeology at Boston University, as he describes in the following note.

our Greek manuscripts Boston in 1813 and was reported that I obtained from a to be the fi rst Greek ship to FBoston antiquarian book- reach that city. He was educated, seller in the 1990s, connected intelligent, and willing to in- with Nicholaos Tziklitiras, Wil- struct Pickering (1777–1846) liam Jenks, and John Pickering and his fellow Bostonians in and exploring the pronunciation modern Greek. Pickering, of Greek, would have been of having learned “Oriental” lan- great interest to John Gennadius guages as the secretary to the Grave stele of the early 20th c. himself. These manuscripts, once American Minister in Portugal from the First Cemetery of Athens. From the papers of Elias Petropoulos. belonging to Jenks (1778–1866), in the 1790s, became a noted may be the only independent philologist and was particularly One of the Tziklitiras manuscripts, Archives Add to records of Tziklitiras’ contribu- interested in the pronunciation dated August 25, 1818. tion to the study of Greek in the of ancient Greek. After being Collections United States and will throw light convinced by Tziklitiras that it he Gennadius Library on a largely forgotten episode. was similar to modern Greek, he American Oriental Society, and Archives has received a Tziklitiras, a native of Na- published a monograph on the was reputed to have had the larg- Tvaluable addition to the varino (modern Pylos) in the subject in 1818. William Jenks est private library in Boston. Elias Petropoulos Papers from Peloponnese, was the offi cer in was an accomplished linguist The fi rst manuscript is a sin- his companion Mary Koukoule. charge of the cargo on the ship and co-founder of the American gle piece of paper, with written Consisting of 2075 photographs “Jerusalem,” which arrived in Antiquarian Society and the continued on page G4 illustrating “Ellados Koimeteria” (Greek Graveyards), the material was collected, along with much else on modern Greek cemeter- Pausanias Symposium, Exhibition Planned ies, by Elias Petropoulos (1926– 2005) over a period of more than he Gennadius Library, in The symposium is scheduled Also on the schedule are two thirty years. For Petropoulos, collaboration with the Na- for May 3–5, 2007, with work- exhibitions, one at the Gennade- mapping the graveyards was tional Hellenic Research ing sessions taking place at ion and the other in the atrium a “life-long project” aimed at T Foundation (NHRF), is organiz- the NHRF and the Gennadius of the NHRF. These will remain depicting all cultural aspects of ing in late spring an international Library. Some twenty speakers open throughout the month of death in modern Greek society, symposium, exhibitions, and will focus on the political and May. The Gennadeion exhibi- although he did not live to see public lectures illuminating the cultural conditions that nurtured tion, opening May 4, will feature his work published. Petropoulos work of Pausanias. Entitled “Pau- Pausanias’s work; investigate his manuscripts and early modern viewed the cemeteries as a type sanias’s Three Epochs,” the events infl uence on the “revival” of An- books of travelers profoundly of city, “with its public squares will focus on the development of cient Greece in the early modern infl uenced by Pausanias. Pub- and its lower class districts…its the impact of Pausanias’s Hellados era; and examine how modern lic lectures will be given at the funeral processions, its own Periegesis on travelers, pilgrims, historians, archaeologists, and NHRF on May 9, 16, 23, and 30. architecture and planning.” antiquarians, and archaeologists art historians regard and evaluate The Pausanias events are —Maria Voltera, Reference Archivist during the Roman, early modern, Pausanias’s work. sponsored by the European pro- continued on page G4 and modern periods. gram “Open Doors II.” e G2 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

experience, most recently from through the generosity of the Gennadius Library News the AKTO School of Art and Demos Foundation has affected Design, where she was in charge the existing workfl ow. Librar- Library Enhancements goals of the project. Former Gen- of the central offi ce for the past ian Irini Solomonidi is currently nadeion Director Haris Kalligas seven years. responsible for the selection of The Gennadius Library has re- discusses the Grimani codex, a books and the checking of re- designed its website front page cartographic treasure acquired by Galavaris Donation cords, subjects, and call numbers. to provide more up-to-date Shirley Weber for the Library in Orders and accession of books, as information about its operation The Gennadius Library has 1938. George Tolias of the Na- well as the creation of pre-cata- and programs, and is participat- received a donation of some of tional Hellenic Research Founda- loguing records, are in the hands ing in a School-wide program the books of George Galavaris, tion presents Greek cartography of Assistant Librarian Gavriela that will restructure the ASCSA’s a prominent Byzantinist who in the eighteenth century; and Ve- Vasdeki. Giannis Valourdos is re- website to accommodate new taught Byzantine art history on ronica della Dora, 2004–05 Alison sponsible for cataloguing. Retro- technologies as well as new both sides of the Atlantic. The Frantz Fellow at the Gennadius spective cataloguing is being done digital content generated by the donation, from Mr. Galavaris’s Library, writes on the imaginary ad hoc by temporary staff; the School. Meanwhile, some physi- sister, Maria Damianou-Galava- cartography of Mount Athos. The Library was lucky to have a very cal restructuring has occurred ris, also included a complete list volume contains color illustra- capable assistant, Ms. Eleutheria as well. This past June, approxi- of offprints of the famous Byzan- tions of some of the most intrigu- Daleziou, in the spring of 2006. mately one-third of the space in tinist, Kurt Weitzmann. ing maps in the Gennadeion and In preparation for the training in the second basement of the East seeks to promote further interest the Periodicals Module in ALEPH Wing was outfi tted with new Cataloguing News in the Library’s map collection. and the electronic cataloguing mobile shelving that will soon The online union catalog of of all journals in AMBROSIA, house the books currently stored Staff Addition AMBROSIA and the four public desk attendants Euphrosyne in the West Wing. terminals in the Reading Room (Soula) Panagopoulou and Mary Maria Smali joined the Genna- have changed the way patrons Stavropoulou are compiling an The New Griffon Volume 8 deion as the Director’s Secretary of the Library conduct their re- inventory of all Gennadius seri- Published in November 2005. Ms. Smali, search. The familiarization of staff als, which will be combined with a graduate of the Department The New Griffon, volume 8, with the new library management the data from the local database of Classics of the University of “Mapping Mediterranean Lands,” system and the extra training that Assistant Librarian Andreas Ioannina, comes to the library focuses on the MedMaps proj- that some of them have received Sideris has ably maintained over with valuable administrative ect that was spearheaded by the years. e Catherine deGrazia Vanderpool, President of the Board of the Gen- nadius Library and Chair of the New Librarian Joins Staff Council of American Overseas Research Centers. Five articles rini Solomonidi has joined the 2006, with the support of a grant describe the scope of the project Gennadeion staff as Librarian. from the Mellon Foundation, and highlight maps from the ITrained at the University of she attended the renowned Rare collections of the Gennadeion. Paris V–René Descartes, where Book School of the University of Leonora Navari and Alexis Mal- she earned a library degree, Ms. Virginia, where she refi ned her liaris describe the project and its Solomonidi has worked at a num- skills on the care and cataloguing signifi cance for the large map col- ber of academic libraries in Paris, of rare books and manuscripts lection of the Gennadius Library, including the École Normale as well as on the management of and discuss the parameters and Supérieure, the Library of the Special Collections. University of Paris X-Nanterre, In addition to her library Gennadeion News pages are com- the Library of Byzantine Stud- degree, Ms. Solominidi pursued piled by Gennadius Library Director ies at the Collège de France, and her undergraduate and graduate Maria Georgopoulou, Librarian Irini the Medical Research Library of studies at the University of Paris Solomonidi, and Archivist Natalia the University of Paris VII. Most IV–Sorbonne, where she is cur- Vogeikoff-Brogan, and edited by Photo: Mary Stavropoulou Catherine deG. Vanderpool, Presi- recently, she served as assistant rently a doctoral candidate. Her dent of the Board of the Genna- librarian at the École Française In her previous posts she has academic interests lie in French dius Library, and Sally Fay, Editorial d’Athènes since 2003. been in charge of the reference and Byzantine literature. Associate. Ms. Solomonidi brings to the desk and other public services. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, This publication is produced semi- Gennadeion valuable expertise in Since joining the staff of the Ms. Solomonidi lived in the Su- annually. Address all correspondence cataloguing of monographs, jour- Gennadeion last year, Ms. Solo- dan as a young child before mov- to Gennadeion News, ASCSA, 6–8 Charlton St., Princeton, NJ 08540- nals, and old and rare books as monidi has taken on a leading ing with her family to Greece, 5232. Tel: (609) 683-0800 or e-mail: well as her knowledge of various role in collections development where she received her primary [email protected]. This issue is repro- electronic library management as well as in the overall manage- and secondary education. She is duced in color at: www.ascsa.edu.gr/ systems and the electronic con- ment of technical and public also a certifi ed translator. e newsletter/newsletter.htm. version of bibliographical records. services at the Library. In July G E N N A D E I O N N E W S G3

Gennadeion Celebrates with Mozart

n June 8, the Gennadius Library celebrated its 80th birthday with a benefi t concert and dinner in the Onewly landscaped East Gardens. Under the honorary patronage of H.E. the Ambassador of Austria to Greece, Dr. Herbert Kröll, and Mrs. Kröll, the evening also celebrated the 250th anniversary of Mozart’s birth. The program was organized by the Greek Mozart Society, founded in 1925 by Loris Margaritis. The society is dedicated to exploring the relationship of Mozart’s work with the spirit of Hellenism. Pianist Ai Motohashi, fl utist Panagiotis Drakos, vio- linist John Lampos, violist Paris Anastasiadis, and cellist Isidoros Sideris performed the fl ute quartet in D major, KV 285, and the piano quartet in G minor, KV 478. At the May lecture, speaker Alex Nagel, Mary Constantoudaki- The event, sponsored by Nova Bank, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Kitromilides, Maria Georgopoulou, and Maria Kazanaki-Lappa. Photo: Haris Akriviadis Samourkas, and Mr. and Mrs. Alexander E. Zagoreos and sup- ported by many other generous patrons, raised funds for the acquisition of fl at storage shelving and cabinets to hold rare folio Noted Scholars Lecture at Library volumes from the Geography and Travel and Art and Archaeol- ogy sections of the Gennadeion’s collection. e he Gennadius Library has icon in Renaissance art,” intro- expanded its lecture se- ducing new material about the Tries, thanks to a generous impact of Byzantine forms and gift from Lloyd E. Cotsen, Chair techniques on the Italian Renais- of the Gennadius Library Board sance and exploring the infl uen- of Trustees. tial position that Byzantine icons In April, Peter Mackridge played in framing the historical of the University of Oxford, an notion of things Greek in Italy. authority on the modern Greek Tony Molho, professor in the language, gave a lecture (deliv- Department of History and Civi- ered, appropriately, in Greek) lization of the European Univer- on “Katharevousa, demotic and sity Institute in Florence, visited Greek national identity from the the Gennadeion in June to pres- 18th century to the 1976 lan- ent a lecture on “Merchants and guage reform.” He is currently discoveries,” focusing on the preparing a book on language networks of Italian merchants in and national identity in Greece the early modern Mediterranean. At the concert, Mrs. Kröll, wife of Ambassador Herbert Kröll, since the eighteenth century. Lectures scheduled for Helen Philon, and Haris and Alexander Kalligas. A May lecture featured re- academic year 2006–07 include nowned archivist David B. Gracy a November talk by Speros II, Governor Bill Daniel Profes- Vryonis, Jr., Professor Emeritus, sor in Archival Enterprise at the New York University, “Μέρες University of Texas at Austin, του 1955: τα Σεπτεμβριανά και who presented the lecture “Ar- η καταστροφή της ελληνικής chives begin at ‘A’ but where do κοινότητας της Πόλης”; “The they end?” The following day he Virgin Mary and the War of In- gave a seminar to a small group dependence: Religion and na- of archivists on the topic of ap- tionalism on Tinos in the 1820s” praising archival material. His by Mark Mazower, Professor of lecture will be published in the History, Columbia University 2006 issue of the journal of the (26th Annual Walton Lecture); Greek Archival Society, Αρχειακά February lectures by Slobodan Νέα. Ćurčić, Professor of Art and Ar- Also in May, Alex Nagel, Pro- chaeology and Director, Program fessor of Renaissance Art at the in Hellenic Studies, Princeton Left, Mrs. Theodoti-Artemis Mandilas and Catherine Vanderpool. University of Toronto, spoke on University, on “Divine light: Right, Ambassador Christos Zacharakis. “Presentations of the Byzantine continued on page G4 Photos: Haris Akriviadis G4 G E N N A D E I O N N E W S

Symposium Examines Context of Latin American Ambassadors Visit Modern Greek Confl icts the Gennadeion “ arar aandnd IIdentities,”dentities,” a of each confl ict to recent work In July, Gennadius Library Director Maria Georgopoulou gave symposiumsymposium oorganizedrganized on the other two. The hope is a tour of the Library to the Ambassadors of the Latin American Winin MMayay aatt CCotsenotsen HHall,all, that this unusual comparison Group, comprising Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Pana- focused on three key moments in will stimulate the research ma, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The visitors were shown some Greek history: the “struggle over agenda of all three confl icts, of the Library’s most prized possessions as well as archival mate- Macedonia” at the dawn of the while contributing new com- rial related to Latin America, such as newspapers of the Greek twentieth century, the resistance parative perspectives. The pro- community of Buenos Aires from the Mavris Archives, the Cuban and civil war during the 1940s, gram comprised presentations, notebook of Heinrich Schliemann, and the correspondence be- and the Cyprus confl ict in the constructive dialogue, and lively tween Nobel laureate Odysseus Elytis and the Chilean translator, 1950s and 1960s. These confl icts roundtable discussions featuring Pedro Vicuña. The Gennadeion hopes to collaborate with the shaped the country’s boundaries, thirty-two speakers from uni- Latin American Ambassadors in co-organizing cultural events that transformed its internal divisions versities and research institutes will focus on the impact of Hellenism in Latin America. and the political identities of its from Greece, Cyprus, Germany, citizens, impacted its politics, the United Kingdom, and the and helped defi ne what it means United States. to be Greek. Though different Masterminded by Stathis Lecture Series continued from page G3 from each other in many respects, Kalyvas of Yale University, the these three moments share a symposium was co-sponsored by Symbol and matter in Byzan- Robert Nelson, Professor of the number of intriguing parallels, the Hellenic Studies Program at tine art and architecture,” and History of Art, Yale University, and also display some continuities. Yale University, the Hellenic Ob- by Traianos Gagos, Associate on “The light of icons at Mt. The goal of the conference servatory of the London School Professor of Greek and Papyrol- Sinai”; and “Silent voices, shift- was to allow, for the fi rst time, of Economics, the Kokkalis ogy, Archivist of Papyrology, and ing tongues: Reconciling idioms the formulation of explicit com- Foundation, the Network for Director, Advanced Papyrologi- of sovereignty in the Ottoman parisons between these three the Study of Civil Wars, and the cal Information System, Univer- Empire,” by Christine Philliou, confl icts by exposing researchers Gennadius Library. e sity of Michigan, on “Η Πέτρα Assistant Professor of History, στον 6ο αιώνα. Νέα δεδομένα και Columbia University, scheduled Archives νέες ερμηνείες”; a March talk by for May. e continued from page G1

Greek Manuscripts continued from page G1

names (including “Tzikliteras” signed by Tziklitiras consisting and “Jenks” in Greek), a Greek of Greek alphabets, proverbs, alphabet, and a quotation from and Biblical quotations. Italian the Greek New Testament. At translations of the Greek texts the bottom, in English, there is a on a second leaf is signed “il note introducing Mr. Tziklitiras, peloponnissio Greco, Nicola and signed “W.J.” for William Ciclitira.” Jenks. It is dated “Boston, Au- The fourth manuscript is gust 25, 1818.” a letter in Greek addressed to The second manuscript is a “Ioanni Zugomala (Chiote) in letter in Italian signed (in Greek) America” from “his mother” and Novelist Stratis Myrivilis at an army camp during the Greek–Turkish by Nicholaos Tziklitiras. It is dated “Smyrna, June 15, 1830.” War of 1919–1922. addressed to the “Honorable The Greek text has a note in John Pickering Esq.” In the letter English keyed to a word with a The Stratis Myrivilis Papers in the Gennadeion Archives have been Tziklitiras asks Pickering to give correction to the spelling, sug- enriched by a donation of 78 photographs from Mrs. Kaiti Myrivili. the enclosed manuscripts, with gesting that this manuscript is In black and white, the photographs include portraits of the writer, proverbs and other quotations in a copy of an original letter. An family photos, and photographs that document his army service in idiomatic Greek, to Jenks when English translation on the back, various wars of the early twentieth century. Among the portraits is he sees him. The letter is also and in another hand, has inscrip- one by the famed photographer Nelly, dating to 1962. Among the dated “Boston, 25 August 1818.” tions in English stating “The army photographs are several showing him directing a military the- The third manuscript, with above transl. by a Greek, prob- atrical group for the entertainment of soldiers at the front. the same date, has a text in ably” and “Tr. Dec. 3rd. 1830.” e — Leda Costaki, Research Archivist Greek on one leaf written and Examining Changing Burial Practices

Leslie P. Day (Wabash College) reports here on fresh perspectives on burial practices gained during her tenure as Elizabeth Whitehead Visit- ing Professor in 2005–06.

My wonderful year at the School allowed me to finish much of my work on the final publication of the excavations at Kavousi, Crete, which were conducted by Geraldine Gesell, the late William D.E. Coulson, and myself. These excavations focused on two sites investigated by Harriet Boyd in 1900: a large settlement inhabited continuously from the twelfth through seventh centuries B.C. on the high peak of the Kastro, and a settlement of Late Minoan IIIC (twelfth- eleventh centuries) on the lower ridge of Vronda that was used for burials after the abandonment of the settlement down into the early seventh century. After attending to details relating to the publication of the LM IIIC settlement at Vronda, I turned to the Geometric cem- etery. To help in my research, I designed the winter seminar “Death in Transition in Prehistoric Crete” to focus on mortuary theory and the changing patterns of burial practices on Crete in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages, a topic I thought would be in- Photo: June Allison teresting for students and which would be Group photo taken at Kavousi on the Kastro during the Cretan trip. From left to right: helpful to me in preparation for my publi- Jeremy Ott, John Leonard, Angela Ziskowski, Amanda Coles, Ioannis Sapountzis, Lisa Çakmak, Lisa Mallen, Leslie Day, Brian Frazer, Alison Wise, Theodora Kopestonsky, cation of the Vronda graves. These graves Emil Nankov, Amanda Flaata, Emily Gangemi, Jody Cundy, Ryan Ricciardi, and present an interesting problem because Susanne Hofstra. they show a clear change in burial practices from the inhumations in tholos tombs in the Subminoan-Protogeometric period at not quite turn out the way it was planned. burial practices, although the nature of Vronda to cremations in stone-lined cists The students who took the course wanted the material record did not always allow in the Geometric era, a time when elite to investigate burials, but only one had any for clear conclusions. For example, a new burials in tholos tombs continued around real interest in either prehistory or Crete. type of warrior graves at Knossos shows a the Kastro. Although cremation was wide- So we looked at approaches to mortuary major change in burials at the time of the ly practiced in Early Iron Age Greece and analysis, then used Crete as a case study Mycenaean occupation of the island, but was customary in central Crete from the for assessing the way in which changes in the paucity of burials from the previous eleventh century on, the people of eastern culture play out in the burial record, and second palace period makes it difficult to Crete continued to bury in tholos tombs. finally the students applied the theory and evaluate their significance. When cremation was introduced at Vronda, the case study to areas of particular interest In the final part of the course students it came late and in a highly unusual form: to them. The first part of the course uti- reported on areas or sites of their own repeated primary cremations rather than lized the library, the resources of the Wie- choosing, from the Knossos North Cem- secondary interment of remains removed ner Lab for biological anthropology, and etery to Phrygian tumuli at Gordion, and from a pyre elsewhere. Only at Eleutherna actual burials—including both those en- applied what we had learned from Crete to and perhaps at nearby Vrokastro were simi- countered on the trip to Crete that I co-led, their areas, making some surprising obser- lar burial practices found. My goal during and modern Greek burial practices in the vations about burials in other periods of the year was to uncover new ways to under- First Cemetery. Then we looked at Crete in transition. This diachronic look at Cretan stand the introduction of this new type of major periods of transition: from Prepala- burials stimulated my own thought about burial at Vronda, and the place these graves tial to Protopalatial, from First to Second changes in burial practices during the Dark hold within the complex pattern of burial Palace periods, from Minoan control to Ages at Kavousi and will lead to a paper on in the area; did the change result from shift- Mycenaean domination of the island, and the topic at a conference next year in honor ing social structures, new ethnic groups, from the Postpalatial period into the Pro- of William Coulson—a fitting conclusion outside influences, or other factors? togeometric era. We discovered that these to a marvelous experience. e The seminar proved fruitful for my own major transformations in culture were not research, although (like excavations) it did necessarily accompanied by changes in

15    

This page: The Agora and

     School anniversa-  ries are celebrated. At right: The Stoa of Attalos was transformed into an exhibition and  reception space for People & Places People the events. (Event photos by Haris Akriviadis, except as noted.) Photo: Carol Stein

Photo, left: Mary Zelia Philippides, Blegen Librarian emerita, with Agora Excavation Director John Camp. Mrs. Philip- pides, at 100, is the sole survivor of the original excavation team at the Agora. Photo, right: School Director Stephen Tracy, American Ambassador Charles Ries, and School Trustee Robert McCabe chat in Cotsen Hall.

Photo, left: Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, Archivist, speaks at Cotsen Hall. Photo, right: Elizabeth Gebhard and James Ottaway, Trustees of the School, with Wolf Dietrich Niemeier, Director of the German Archaeological Institute, and Alexander Zagoreos, Gennadius Library Trustee.

16 A visit from Athens in July by Gennadeion librarian Irini Solominidi was good reason for an impromptu lunch at the Princeton office. Seated: Timothy Wardell, Mary Dar- lington, Sarah George Figueira, and Jane Goble. Standing: Carol Stein, Irene Bald Romano, Mary Jane Gavenda, Michael Fitzgerald, Linda Ferry, Richard Rosolino, Tracey Cullen, Robin Bentley, Charles Watkinson, and Irini Solomonidi. Photo: Mary Jane Gavenda

Trip photos: June Allison School trip I to northeast Greece was the largest trip the School has ever sent out, with a total of 30 participants. Above, Erika Zimmermann Damer at the city wall of Thasos. Above, right, the group at Abdera.

Participants in the Summer Session II pro- gram on the terrace at the School campus. Left to right: Chris Peñarubia, Jessica Vahl, Rhonda Deussen, Kristen Morrison, Melissa Gold, Diane Johnson, and Mark Clauser.

17 Summer Sessions continued from page 9 side dining experiences, including a pleas- ant picnic on the grass outside the Theater Summer Session II participant Melissa Gold, a special student at the University of Toronto of Epidaurus prior to the performance of in Classics, reports that the efforts of session leader Bill Hutton and his wife Martha Aeschylus’ Persians, a luncheon under Jones, and of all those who spoke to Summer Session participants, made a lasting im- the trees at the Menelaion (generously pression. She wrote the following poem as a tribute to all archaeologists and researchers provided by Nigel and Stefanie Kennell), of Greek antiquity, past and present, of whom she notes: “[Their] work and dedication and a lovely hillside dining experience in is amazing and inspiring, and we were thrilled and even at times awed to be allowed to the shade above the Roman-era tombs at learn directly from so many of them.” Kenchreai, sponsored by Joe Rife and his diggers. THE CYPRESS TREES On the initiative of one of the Members (M. Pearsall), Summer Session I created a The cypress trees rise up from Earth’s soft grey-green vales “Travel Book,” in which Members wrote like exclamation marks. Look here! they say. Look there! highlights, thoughts, observations, and For something happened once, we cannot tell you what. memories as the program progressed. Its But come explore! Among our musty roots we hold dozens of pages constitute an unofficial re- the Past. We guard the bones of ancient men who once cord of what Members found memorable. traversed these craggy peaks pursuing goats or gold An excerpt from the final day: or foe with brazen-pointed spears or swords of iron. “We’ve had a good run of it. By the end, We store their wealth, their pain, in long-forgotten mounds. we’ve all become Philhellenes—even those who fought against it the most. For some Look here! Look there! the cypress trees insist once more. it’s a love of the prehistoric. Others love We crowd the meadows where the epic battles surged, the antique, the classical, the Roman, the where girls once sang sweet hymns to fertile Earth and youths late antique or the Byzantine. For most it’s beneath the forceful Sky defended sacred caves, a combination of several or all of them. In where mothers birthed and nursed and wove and whispered myths the end, we’ve all come to appreciate (+ and fathers tilled or herded sheep or fired their pots. love) the modern as well. This was clear But by what names the gods and kings and towns were called on the night of the last ouzo hour (which we cannot tell, we have no mouths, but only wind-swept boughs. ran well past midnight) as we crowded on the porch drinking wine and ouzo with The herd-like olive and the spiny shrub conceal rebetika music blaring, arguing (loudly and Earth would gladly hug her secrets deep within. and affectionately) about philosophy and But we the cypress trees confess the evidence. Homeric verse to the staccato clicking of We point the way! We mark the spot! Look here! Look there! komboloi. Opa!” Come browse our sacred groves, unearthing fragile clues. It has been a pleasure and an honor to And don’t despair if truth escapes your grasp like dew serve the School as Director of another in day’s harsh light; for you who long to know what was Summer Session. I directed ASCSA Sum- we line the path, for you who seek because, because. mer Session programs in 1987 and 1995 and am delighted to say that the experience gets better every time. I encourage others to ates, high school teachers, and university ing place of the inhabitants of Kenchreai. apply for the Gertrude Smith Professorship professors, often found themselves trav- Treks up mountains and through museums and to reap its professional and personal eling through territory crumbling under (matched in number only by the amount of rewards. the pressure of so much history. Whether gyros and glasses of ouzo consumed in the — Daniel B. Levine, Director at the ash altar on Lykaion’s peak, or in welcome evening cool) were as constant for 2006 ASCSA Summer Session I the depths of Skoteino cave on Crete, in us as the presence of each other’s company. the Pheidias’ workshop at Olympia or the The immense variety of lovely places or  house of Atatürk in Thessaloniki, picking remarkable artifacts we saw made us wit- our way through the (supposedly!) snake- nesses to the depth of Greece’s history. From the height of the Mt. Lykaion, one infested high grasses of Gla or listening rapt This was a fantastic trip; from a few can see out over an impressive swath of the in a synagogue snatched back from ruin hundred words only the vaguest or most Peloponnese. The contours of the valleys, in Chania, we found ourselves where the specific details can be gleaned. We are all mountains, and streams make plain the rhythm of building, decaying, and reclaim- especially grateful to the American School connection between history and the land— ing had been ancient long before anyone and the many archaeologists who lent us how one city’s safety depended on protect- thought to write about it. their expertise for the opportunity to see ing a pass, or a temple’s wild surroundings Time is an odd companion, who makes firsthand such wonderful treasure. underscored its sanctity. The participants a bus ride in the Argolid last longer than of the American School’s Summer Session imaginable but presents us with millen- — Marcos Gouvêa II, a mixed crew of graduates, undergradu- nia-old frescos beautifying the final rest- Member, 2006 ASCSA Summer Session II

18 Kress Publications Fellows at Work on Agora, Corinth Material Amphoras from the Agora, 4th c. B.C. drain deposits from Corinth, and revisions to a previous Agora publication were the focus of work by the 2005–06 Kress Publications Fellows, summarized here.

It is with gratitude that I acknowledge the Bodrum, Vol. VII: The Pottery, Copenhagen, In sum, I have made great progress to- support of the Kress Foundation of research 2003) provides further evidence to associ- wards the completion of the introductory towards a revision of Agora XII: The Black ate formal development with the latter part essay for the reprinting of Agora XII, and I and Plain Wares of the 6th, 5th, and 4th Cen- of the first half of the fourth century. Fi- have greatly enjoyed becoming acquainted turies B.C., for the American School of Clas- nally, Susan Rotroff’s recalibration of dates with the many fascinating deposits exca- sical Studies Publications Office. I split my for many shapes, working backwards from vated since 1970. Kress Fellowship into two separate visits the Koroni material, with the assistance of — Kathleen M. Lynch, to Athens. In Summer 2005, University of increasingly understood stamped amphora University of Cincinnati Cincinnati graduate student Jed Thorn and handle chronology, helps to refine the sec- I examined pottery from 45 newly exca- ond half of the fourth century.  vated deposits with the goal of identifying My contribution to the reprinting of I spent my second season as a Kress Pub- forms not described in Agora XII, and refin- Agora XII comprises an introduction de- lications Fellow in Athens between Febru- ing hesitant descriptions of formal develop- scribing the goal of the revisions, discuss- ary and April 2006, during which time I ment provided in Agora XII. We are able ing new forms or variants, and introducing catalogued, photographed, and drew 199 to offer a few additional forms and more recently excavated deposits; a brief discus- complete amphoras and 55 fragmentary nuanced understandings of shape develop- sion of the use and limitations of Agora XII; amphoras from the Athenian Agora. While ment, but the most significant observation shape studies, which will proceed in the my focus was on Late Roman amphoras, I is that many of the conclusions reached by same order as the Agora XII chapter of the continued to pay attention to some Late Agora XII for pottery of the sixth and fifth same name and provide new information as Hellenistic and Early Roman amphoras, centuries B.C. continue to hold after 30- necessary; a visual guide to stamping tech- which will be included into my typologi- plus years of continued excavations. niques, to help associate stamped fragments cal seriation. This year a better picture of During my first visit, all profile drawings with their original forms on the basis of the the Athenian imports emerged, comple- from Agora XII were scanned and vectoriz- regularity of stamping patterns for various menting last year when I studied only the ing was begun by the staff of the architect’s shapes; chronological revisions, including Aegean and Pontic amphoras. office. The goal is to provide readers with a a chart and a discussion of fourth-century CD of all drawings, printable and scaleable revisions; and deposit summaries. continued on page 22 to their own needs. These drawings will also be available on the Agora Excavations web- site (www.agathe.gr), keyed to both the pub- lication volume and the individual object. Identification of Cutters Goes High-Tech In Spring 2006, I returned to Athens with the goal of sorting out the necessary In May, KERA (Center for Greek and Roman Antiquity) of the National Research revisions to fourth-century B.C. chronolo- Foundation in Athens sponsored a presentation entitled “Towards a digital approach gy. When Sparkes and Talcott discussed the to identifying hands on Greek inscriptions,” at which ASCSA Director Stephen V. fourth century, they frequently lamented Tracy and Constantine Papaodysseus of the National Technical University of Athens the absence of good closed contexts with presented a groundbreaking method for identifying the hands of cutters. external chronological markers in the first half of the fourth century B.C. Unfortunate- After Miltos Hatzopoulos, Director of KERA, gave an overview of the importance of ly, this situation still pertains, but we now inscriptions for archaeology and history, Mr. Tracy outlined his method, developed have many more deposits from this period, over the last thirty years, of isolating characteristic individual features of a cutter’s letter albeit floating and dependent on sequenc- shapes to identify the hands of individual inscribers. The method has been validated ing on the basis of assumed stylistic devel- by the numerous joins Mr. Tracy has made, and its reliability for dating inscriptions opment. One large deposit, U 13:1, provides has been demonstrated by the many scholars who use his data to establish the dates of an important view of the first quarter of the events and officials such as the Athenian archons. He has written four books that make fourth century. Abundant red-figure from use of the method to establish the careers of the cutters and to date the inscriptions. the deposit suggests a date to the middle of the first quarter, not much later than Mr. Papaodysseus, a renowned mathematician and computer scientist, outlined the 380 B.C. Only one piece of pottery shows process he and his team used to create the program that is able to determine whether rouletting, and there are no classical kan- inscriptions are by the same or a different hand. Computer analysis of images of a let- tharoi. This is significant for dating the in- ter from an inscription produce mathematical formulae that represent the variables of troduction of rouletting, and argues for a that letter shape in order to acquire a “Platonic” idea of that letter. The program can date of 380 as opposed to 390 B.C. Recent then “recognize” other instances of the letter. The math is complex and the technical publication of the fineware from the Mau- stuff difficult for the humanist, but the projected outcome is exciting for the field of soleum of Halikarnnassos (L. E. Vaag, et al. epigraphy and history in general. The Maussolleion at Halikarnassos: Reports of the Danish Archaeological Expedition to

19 A Productive Summer for Solow Fellows

Recent fellowships from the Solow Art and Architecture Foundation supported studies of the small finds of the Demeter and Kore Sanctuary at Ancient Corinth, the Minoan Ceremonial Building at Mochlos, and remains from Kenchreai, as detailed here.

A 2005–06 Solow Summer Research Fel- to mid-August of 2006 in Crete at the In- lowship enabled me to make progress on stitute for Aegean Prehistory Study Center the research and publication of the minor in Pachyammos. I stayed at Mochlos so I finds excavated in the Sanctuary of Deme- could visit the site daily before driving up ter and Kore in Ancient Corinth from 1961 to the Study Center, where I did most of to 1975. This fellowship provided the in- my writing and library research. valuable opportunity for me to understand In the field I was mainly occupied with the finds in their natural habitat. the drawing of architectural plans for the Gloria S. Merker wrote the provisional building, and the recording and measur- catalogue of the finds. Based on inventory ing of architectural details like the size of cards and photos, she described finds of individual rooms and the dimensions of gold, silver, bronze, iron, lead, stone, bone, fixed features. I decided that we should glass, blue frit, coral, and terracotta as well also focus our summer’s site conservation as the terracotta looms, altogether more efforts on the building. This work is being than 400 objects. I spent some of my three conducted by a local conservator and uses months at Corinth studying these finds and pozzolana imported from Thera to consoli- revising the catalogue, especially with re- date walls and other architectural features. gard to details that were unclear or miss- Our goal is to make the building accessible ing in the inventory cards. The catalogue to visitors and to preserve it for centuries to descriptions of ca. 300 of these objects are come, and I was pleased that we completed now complete and ready for publication. the conservation of the building’s southeast A good portion of my time at Corinth Photo courtesy Corinth Excavations wing where its ashlar facades, pillar crypts, was also devoted to the identification and Terracotta top (MF-14329 A-B), one kind of and lustral basin are located. description of ca. 100 additional objects toy that was offered as a dedication in the At the Study Center, where we keep cop- excavated in the Sanctuary and stored in Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth. ies of our excavation notebooks, I worked the Museum of Corinth, which had not mainly on creating locus lists for each of been included in Dr. Merker’s provisional in Athens viewing comparative published the building’s excavated rooms, writing an catalogue. These include terracotta, bronze, material from other sites, including recent account of the stratigraphy and architecture and bone objects. Additional finds of iron, publications relevant to the study that are of each room, and cataloguing small finds lead, stone, glass, blue frit, and coral, as unavailable at my home institution in Is- from the building. We excavate with a locus well as terracotta looms, are still awaiting rael. Because some of the publications often system that records layers of occupation study. included material better preserved than the and architectural features in a numerical Additionally, I examined the published very fragmentary material from the Corinth sequence tied to each trench. Building B.2 and unpublished minor finds from other sanctuary, this was also very valuable for was excavated in 32 trenches, each 5 meters areas in Corinth also stored at the Muse- the progress of my work. square, and each trench has multiple loci, um, which proved profitable for my un- The next stage of the project is a joint all of which must be located and identi- derstanding of the finds’ local manufacture study, by Dr. Merker and me, of the material fied. The first loci in each trench belonged and for the identification of some of the in detail; the discussion of selected groups to a Hellenistic building that lay on top of very fragmentary objects. For example, my of finds; and the presentation of a synthetic the Minoan building and the last loci to familiarization with the terracotta toys un- analysis of the finds with respect of the Prepalatial buildings that lay beneath it. covered in other areas at Corinth allowed sanctuary and its rituals, and their place The Ceremonial Center was sandwiched me to identify two cone-shaped, previously with respect to other sanctuaries dedicated between the two, but it also has multiple unidentified objects as the two perfectly to the same deities. loci, some of which belong to upper-story joined parts of a terracotta top. In turn, this collapse within a room, others to earlier detection allowed me to identify the func- — Sonia Klinger, University of Haifa and later floor deposits. The most interest- tion of additional, similar but even more ing discovery in making these lists was that fragmentary tops found in the Sanctuary.  the building preserved evidence for three This identification may be helpful not only Late Minoan IB floor levels in some rooms, in the detection of similar previously un- A 2006–07 Solow Summer Research Fel- suggesting that it stood nearly a century identified objects from Corinth and else- lowship helped me to study and prepare later and that the LM IB period was quite where but, above all, in the discussion of the publication of the Minoan Ceremonial lengthy. the character of the votives offered in the Building at Mochlos, where we excavated in Once the lists were compiled and the Sanctuary. 1989–94 and 2004–05 and where I was Co- architectural information collected from The fellowship also permitted me to Director of the Mochlos Excavations. the field, it was possible to begin writing spend useful hours at the Blegen Library I spent most of the time from late May continued on next page

20 Solow Fellows Mellon Fellowships continued from previous page Support Scholars up a description of each room. Proabably to Kenchreai were found in farm buildings from Central and the most intriguing part of the building in the modern village and through private Eastern Europe that I was able to describe is the “Theatral excavations. But most of the surviving texts Area.” This is a term that I have introduced were discovered by excavations under the Thanks to Mellon Research Fellow- partly as an homage to Sir Arthur Evans, auspices of the American School of Clas- ships offered by the School, scholars who identified such an area at Knossos, sical Studies in 1962–69, which extended from countries throughout Central perhaps incorrectly, but also because it de- beyond the harborfront into the broader and Eastern Europe continue to benefit scribes the use of the area rather nicely. It zone of ancient settlement. A few texts, in- from the opportunity to advance their served as a center for ritual performance cluding several important epitaphs, dipinti, areas of classical or post-classical study against the building’s south façade. Among and graffiti, have been recorded during the in Athens. The fellowships, available our most interesting discoveries here were investigations of the Kenchreai Cemetery to scholars who have had little or no supports for an awning or baldachino that Project in 2002–06 on the Koutsongila opportunity to study in the West, are extended out over an altar placed against Ridge immediately north of the harbor. funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foun- the south façade of the building. The earliest text is a tombstone written in dation through a grant to the Council of Finally, I was also able to catalogue some Corinthian script of the late sixth to early American Overseas Research Centers. of the objects from the building. The objects fifth centuries B.C.; the latest inscriptions During the 2005–06 academic year, included cooking and drinking equipment belong to the Byzantine era. Alexander Panayotov (New Bulgarian from feasting that occurred in the Theatral In addition to my progress in under- University, Sofia, Bulgaria) worked on a Area and a small seal stone that was carved standing the epigraphic corpus from Ken- comparative study of the social and re- with a two-handled vase with a flowering chreai, I began to compile evidence for two ligious status of Jews and other natives plant, which may be identified as rock rose, major structures located north of the Kout- from the Near East in the eastern Ro- a plant depicted in Theran frescos and songila Ridge that were excavated in the man Empire. During his three months used as an aromatic in the production of mid-1960s: a massive funerary monument in Athens, he was able to acquire first- perfume. and an Early Christian basilica. The location hand experience with archaeological and There is still much work to be done on and compilation of excavation notes and epigraphic material relating to his topic. the building before it yields all of its mys- saved artifacts, as well as numerous long His productive fellowship contributed teries, but we made significant headway visits to the overgrown site, has improved to articles on the circumcised Odoman- on the project. my understanding of the landscape in the tes in Aristophanes’ comedy Acharnians, — Jeffrey S. Soles, area and the topographic situation of the ancient Jewish tombs in the Balkans, and University of North Carolina, Greensboro buildings. It seems clear from the terrain and Jewish inscriptions from the Balkans. surface remains that a coastal road probably Also in Athens during 2005–06, Mait  approached the harbor southward on the Kõiv (University of Tartu, Estonia) ad- My project as a 2006–07 Solow Summer east side of these buildings. The proximity vanced his research on the formation Research Fellow focused on the identifica- of the Christian Church to the Early Ro- of social and political structures in the tion, description, photography, study, and man tomb is also noteworthy: an identical Early Iron Age and Archaic Greece. This interpretation of a collection of inscrip- topographical association exists at the site of work attempts to combine archaeological tions from Kenchreai, the eastern port of a marble-clad mausoleum and the adjacent and literary evidence with research on Corinth. I also began the study of records continued on page 26 the general lines of social development, and excavated evidence from an area ca. based on the reading of the Homeric ep- 1 kilometer north of the ancient harbor ics. Mr. Kõiv’s time in Athens combined that has produced a monumental tomb library research with extensive travel and and a Christian basilica. This work led to topographical observations in the field. important conclusions about society and During the current academic year, religion at Kenchreai during the Roman the School will be hosting three Mel- Empire. The study of the inscriptions will lon Research Fellows. Kyrill P. Pavliki- provide the core of a lengthy publication on anov (University of Sofia, Bulgaria) will the epigraphic corpus from the site, while study twenty-eight unpublished post- the study of the monument and basilica Byzantine documents from the archive will contribute significantly to my ongo- of the Athonite Monastery of Vatopedi; ing study of the landscape north of the Tomasz Markiewicz (University of War- ancient settlement, particularly its main saw, Poland) will research credit in the cemetery. Greek and Egyptian papyri from Egypt; Early travelers to and past and present Photo: Joseph L. Rife and Peter A. Dimitrov (New Bulgarian explorers of the site of Kenchreai have re- University, Sofia, Bulgaria) will inves- Epitaph for Tettia Eupraxia and her corded ca. 60 discrete texts there, including family, Early Roman, found in chamber tigate Thracian onomastics in Greek inscriptions on both stone and graffiti or e tomb north of harbor at Corinthian inscriptions from Greece. dipinti on the walls of subterranean struc- Kenchreai. tures. A few inscriptions noted by travelers

21 Kress continued from page 19

Impressive is the Italian wine presence second half of the second century B.C. This objects. For each type of vessel or object, on the Athenian market, as it seems to con- discovery shows that Peloponnesos was not this required restudy of the examples in tinue a trade with roots in the Late Helle- a terra deserta after 146 B.C.; in fact, the the museum in Ancient Corinth as well as nistic period. Cretan, Cilician, Lebanese, Peloponnesos seems to become, gradu- those (the majority) kept in store. Many of Palestinian, and Egyptian wines are also ally, one of the most important producers the general discussions of the pottery types present, the latter in modest quantities. of olive oil during Roman and Late Roman were rewritten, as additional comparative Quite a small proportion of this trade in times. I will try to demonstrate this through material was discovered and incorporated. wine is occupied by North African pro- a careful analysis of amphora morphology New profile drawings were made of vessels ducers. The olive oil amphoras are less and fabrics. Preliminary observation on in the catalogues that had not been drawn, frequent than the wine amphoras, as olive these Peloponnesian olive oil amphoras and of comparative material used in the oil probably would have been supplied by and Italian and Pontic wine amphoras will general discussions of types. The negative local producers. The fish products have be presented at three colloquia in Batumi numbers of objects chosen for illustration been imported mainly from the Aegean, (Georgia), Thessaloniki (Greece), and Pula in the final publication were obtained and but modest quantities arrived from Spain, (Croatia). given to the excavation photographers, I. North Africa, and the Black Sea, especially The second season proved to be a very Ioannidou and L. Bartzioti, who were re- during the third century A.D. fruitful period, as in total over 400 ampho- sponsible for making suitable prints. Some I emphasize that these are only prelim- ras have been analyzed, drawn, and photo- objects were also chosen for new photog- inary observations based on completely graphed. More work lies ahead, as I have to raphy. We also began a complete rewriting preserved jars. It is possible that the large enter these data into a database. of the Introduction that deals with the ex- number of complete amphoras of small cavation of the drain, its contents and their —Andrei Opait¸, University of Texas at Austin capacities stored in the Stoa has shaped date, and the relationship of the drain to the our perspective. Only a complete study of  neighboring buildings, and that places the the fragments stored in tins will provide drain in an historical perspective. us with a complete picture of the Athenian We were pleased to be awarded a Kress After our return to Melbourne we com- trade. Publications Fellowship for academic year pleted the revision of the Introduction. We Another priority will be to check ev- 2005–06, to assist us in revising a draft have also made mock-ups of the plates of ery amphora with dipinti and graffiti pub- text of a monograph on the pottery, stone, drawings and photographs. The typescript lished by M. Lang in Agora XXI. I believe and metal artifacts from Drain 1971-1 in of our monograph now includes over 600 there is much more information to add, as Ancient Corinth, representing a deposit of entries in the catalogues, and extends to the author limited her study only to the the late fourth century. some 157,000 words, with about 650 pro- epigraphic information. This epigraphic Most of the work of revision was under- file drawings and 246 photographs. After information must be correlated with the taken in Corinth during the period from the text has been approved, we will submit amphora type and origin. For example, I September to early December 2005, with the the monograph to the ASCSA Office of Pub- was surprised to discover that an amphora exception of a number of day trips to Athens lications in Princeton. e fragment, which I immediately recognized to consult the School’s Blegen Library. as being North Pontic, bears dipinti men- During our stay in Corinth we checked — Ian D. McPhee and Elizabeth Pemberton, tioning the name of Herakleia. This epi- and revised all the catalogues of pottery, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia graphic information is an important clue as well as the catalogue of stone and metal that helps us locate for the first time the production of this amphora type at Her- akleia Pontike. Broneer Fellow on the Move In spite of the limited time, I had some opportunities to explore the area. A visit to Jennifer Ledig Heuser (Har- Sikyon during the last week of my season vard University)—shown here was especially productive. Together with in a rare moment of repose at the local archaeologists Yiannis Lolos, who Ephesos, one of the stops on undertook extensive surveys at Sikyon, and the School’s Spring 2006 Turkey Aris Tsaravopoulos, I was able to visit the trip—reported a fast-paced itin- ancient city, to see the landscape and the erary as 2005–06 Oscar Broneer local museum. I am grateful to Dr. Lolos Traveling Fellow. Her travels for giving the permission to analyze, draw, during the Athens-based por- and take pictures of the amphora wasters tion of her fellowship took her discovered at the outskirts of the ancient to Turkey, Pompeii, Thessalon- city. It was excellent confirmation of an iki, and Cyprus, among other observation made based on completely destinations, and provided her Photo: Denise Demetriou preserved amphoras stored at the Stoa of with the opportunity to examine and document images relevant to her dissertation Attalos that these olive oil amphoras were on Roman images of the Trojan Cycle. made in the Peloponnesos starting with the

22 Conference Examines Health of Ancient Populations

The 16th European Meeting of the Paleopa- thology Association was held in Fira, San- torini, Greece at the Nomikos Conference Center from August 28 through September 1, 2006. One hundred eighty-four schol- ars involved in reconstructing patterns of health and disease in ancient populations came to the island from 31 countries in or- der to communicate their recent research. Approximately 90 papers and 70 posters were presented during three days of scien- tific sessions. Conference sponsors included the Institute for Bioarchaeology, the Hellenic Ministry of Culture, the Wiener Laboratory, the University of Athens, the U.S. Embassy, and the Municipality of Fira. All four of the conference organizers (Sotiris Manolis, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Chryssi Bourbou,

Photo courtesy ASCSA Archives: Charles H. Weller Papers and Sherry Fox) had been previously funded by the Wiener Laboratory, including three J. School Director Rufus Richardson and students in their sleeping bags, 1900. Lawrence Angel Fellowships. The conference began with a workshop on pathological skeletons from the Mod- ern Human Skeletal Reference Collection of Bugs and the Student Body the University of Athens, curated by Sotiris Manolis. This collection was begun by Uni- Ever since the School’s founding in 1881, regret their decision to “simply live off the versity of Chicago graduate student Anna student travel to visit archaeological sites country” when traveling in Arcadia in 1915. Lagia (another former Angel Fellow) as the and to learn about the land and its cul- Swift records in his diary: “the lady of the Wiener Laboratory Collection. Opening ture has been strongly encouraged. On house spread a bed for us on the floor…. comments were made by Anastasia Papa- early trips student enthusiasm for learn- But before we were even ready to blow the thansiou, which included a welcome address ing, however, was frequently dampened by lamp out we knew we were in for a night by Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika. The plenary the discovery that many accommodations of it….We simply had to spend the night address was presented by bioarchaeologist on the road were nothing like their more holding the fort; so Blegen and I sat on our Jane E. Buikstra (Arizona State Universi- comfortable quarters in Athens. The prob- blankets in the middle of our room with ty), former Wiener Laboratory Committee lem was the bugs. our feet drawn up, smoked cigarettes, and Chair, on J. Lawrence Angel’s contributions Karl Baedeker’s Greece. Handbook for slaughtered bedbugs as they came up over to eastern Mediterranean skeletal biology, Travellers (1894) described the conditions the edge to the assault!…we had kept ac- and another Wiener Laboratory Commit- on the Greek mainland that students had to curate count of all our kills, and the follow- tee member, volcanologist Floyd W. McCoy face: “The inns…are usually miserable cot- ing was the result: Dean, twenty bedbugs; (University of Hawaii), presented a lecture tages….The traveller must bring his own Blegen, forty-two; and myself, one hundred on the Late Bronze Age eruption of Thera. coverings with him, as the rugs presented and six!” (E. Swift, Youthful Rambles on the On the last day of the conference he also led him for bed-clothes are almost always full Trail of the Classics 1912–1915. Gilroy, CA: a tour of the volcano. of vermin. For a similar reason a sleeping- 1975, p. 86). The final dinner was held at the Kout- bag of linen or cotton cloth, tying tightly Today Baedeker’s Greece, like most soyanopoulos Winery, where the confer- round the neck, will add to his comfort.… guidebooks, doesn’t mention insects. We ence participants enjoyed the Wine Muse- The pests which render nights hideous all know they really should. Bed bugs may um, wine tasting, and a meal of traditional include not only the flea (psillous)…but no longer be common, but the modern stu- foods with Greek music and dance. All in also bed-bugs (koreous), lice (psiraes), and dent traveler soon learns of the ever-present all, it was a very productive conference other disgusting insects, winged and wing- possibility that mosquitoes will gain en- made so, in part, by a spectacular venue, less” (pp. xii–xiii). trance to one’s room and proceed with their my co-organizers’ efforts, the participants, The wise traveler had a bug bag. Some whines to “render night hideous.” e and the numerous volunteers that assisted daring souls chose not to use them, how- in countless ways. e ever. Three School members, Carl Blegen, — Priscilla Murray, Boston University Richard Dean, and Emerson Swift, came to — Sherry C. Fox, Wiener Laboratory Director

23 Ah, to be Young and in Athens!

Katherine Babbitt was 16 years old when her father, Frank Cole Babbitt, a professor of Greek at Trinity College, was appointed professor at the ASCSA in 1931–32. She recently shared some reminiscences about life in Athens. They are included here alongside reflections of current Athens residents Nicholas (age 14) and Jacob (age 9) Oakley, sons of Mellon Professor John H. Oakley, who provide a twenty-first-century perspective on what it’s like to be a kid at the School.

My mother and I were at the American Rhys Carpenter was the Director of the do because it was a small town. In fact, my School with my father for eight months, School that year and Richard Stillwell was favorite thing about living in Athens is prob- from September to May. We lived in West the Assistant Director. Mrs. Carpenter was ably the amazing variety of things to do. The House Gennadion and took our lunches the only person who could cope with the coolest thing I’ve done since arriving at the and dinners in Loring Hall. We had a very chef. He had done cooking in Paris and had American School was going to Thasos. nice maid, who supplied our breakfast and a high opinion of himself. He was reputed The first thing that struck me about Ath- did all the housework and was paid $30 to chase his assistants around the kitchen ens was that people are much more laid back a month. Another occupant of the house with a knife. In spite of this the food, which and relaxed here. I also noticed how olive oil was a friendly gray tiger cat, who spent was Greek, was awfully good. I gained 20 is used a lot more here in Athens. every day with me the week I was in bed pounds! The thing I miss most about home is with the flu. When my father was a student (he had not being able to ride my bike over to my It was an early season of the Agora exca- been the first Archaeological Fellow at the friend’s house. The worst thing about living vations, and I used to go down to the work- School in 1895–96 and did some excava- in Athens is that most of my friends live so room and wash potsherds or do anything tion at Corinth), Mme Schliemann lived in far away. But I stay in touch with friends else I was allowed to do. Homer Thompson Athens and entertained the Fellows from from home with e-mail and AOL instant and Dorothy Burr (later Thompson) each the various archaeological schools. Soon messenger. Since coming to Athens, I have had a section. Dorothy found a well in after we arrived in Athens, my father went made many new friends at school, and I’m hers and went down into it on a windlass. to call on her. She invited the three of us to sure I’ll keep in touch with them when I I immediately asked to do the same and come to tea. She told us the famous story leave to go home. was given permission. When I got down to of her husband’s dismissing the workmen, I think I will definitely want to live in 20 meters with 10 more to go, I decided I and the Schliemanns putting all the gold another country besides the United States wanted to be hauled back up. Both up and things in her apron and removing them again. Coming here to Greece has made down had looked a long way off! from the site where they were found. We traveling to Europe much faster and easier, There was space for my mother and me were very lucky to have met her because so I was able to visit many other countries to go on the school trips taken in the fall. she died later that year. and have decided that living in Germany We went in three large touring cars, which In the spring we went by ship to Myko- next would be fun! held six passengers each. The northern trip nos and Delos, spending the night at an —Nicholas Oakley went as far as Thermopylae, but we stop- overnight shelter on Delos. In the morn- ped (sometimes overnight) at Eleutherae, ing I got up early and walked up to Mt.  Thebes, and Delphi. We also stopped at Gla Cynthos to see where Apollo was born. and the Copaic Basin. I recall going into a Not long after that our family and that of I dreaded my family’s move to Greece be- cave and coming out covered with fleas. another professor, as well as two or three cause I did not want to leave my friends From Delphi we went by mule to Arachova students, took a ship to visit Crete. John and was afraid that I could not make new and to Hosios Loukas (wonderful Byzan- Pendlebury showed us around Knossos and ones. Now that we have been here for over tine mosaics), also up Parnassus, a fairly talked about the excavations. I have often a year I do not feel like a foreigner so much long, hot trip. The woman leading my mule wondered if he agreed with the restorations now, so I like it a little better. I still do not gave me a pomegranate because I was so done by Sir Arthur Evans. like it very much because we are in a city thirsty (it was the first I had ever seen). and it is very crowded. On the southern trip I remember vis- — Katherine Babbitt My favorite thing about Athens is that iting Mycenae, Tiryns, Kalamata, Mistra, the food is good and that there are so many Monemvasia, and Sparta. I rode a mule over  places to go, but basically I think the food the Langada Pass. is the main reason. The worst thing about We went on a separate trip to Corinth at My first reaction to learning that I was go- Athens is that my best friend Bobby has the time they were laying the cornerstone of ing to move to Greece was anger because moved to China and that, as I said before, the Museum. In a ceremony a priest blessed I didn’t want to leave my friends. After a I don’t like living in a city. it and sprinkled the blood of a black cock, month or so I realized that it was good for There are only three differences that I which I believe was intended to prevent me to move and see other places. I was notice about Athens from the United States: earthquake damage. happy about the move as soon as I stepped the food, the language, and that in some We later took a trip to Olympia by train into the house and learned that we were places we see traditional Greek houses. and stayed at an inn at Megaspilaion to going to get a new computer. I also liked I always e-mail my friend Aric and tell which we also went by mule. As I recall, the dryness of Athens’ climate. him what’s going on here. One cool thing there was a church above a kitchen in the After living in Athens for one year I really we’ve done is go to a gaming cafe called Great Cave and we attended a service in enjoy that there is so much to see and do Bits and Bytes. the church. here. In Williamsburg there was nothing to — Jacob Oakley

24 Investigating Color in Ancient Greek Painting

Wiener Laboratory Visiting Research Professor for 2005–06, Hariclia Brecoulaki (University of Paris I) presents a colorful report on her year of research and teaching at the School.

My Visiting Research Professorship at the Wiener Laboratory allowed me to advance significantly my investigation on color in ancient Greek painting, on both a theo- retical and an experimental level. During the first months of my professorship I gave three lectures to the new School Members, relevant to their trips in the Peloponnese and Macedonia, on the wall paintings of the “Palace of Nestor” in Pylos, on Macedonian funerary painting, and on the Great Tumu- lus Museum of Aigai. I also worked in the Blegen Library preparing a lecture on the use of green in ancient Greek painting, pre- sented together with Professor of Geology V. Perdikatsis, at the Second International Conference on Ancient Greek Technology at Athens (now published in the proceed- ings of the conference, “Το πράσινο χρώμα στην αρχαία Ελληνική ζωγραφική” Athens 2006, p. 179–188). The seminar I offered in January consist- ed of six lectures about color theories and Photo: Hariclia Brecoulaki color practices in Greek art, as well as on A demonstration of the painter’s materials from the permanent pigment collection of the written evidence provided by Greek and the Wiener Laboratory, part of Visiting Research Professor Hariclia Brecoulaki’s Roman sources, and the specific vocabulary January seminar. of color used in various contexts. Fruitful discussions took place among the students and the scholars from other academic in- dertook focused on the technology of the be weathering products of blue, encour- stitutions related to the study of ancient Mycenaean wall paintings from the Palace aged me to inquiry on their composition polychromy who were invited to attend the of Nestor in Pylos. My priority was the se- by means of gas chromatography/mass seminars. The participation of Professor of lection and collection of samples from the spectrometry, high-pressure liquid chro- Classical Archaeology A. Rouveret; Profes- Chora Museum. Successively, the samples matography, and FTIR. The above analysis sor of Philosophy K. Ierodiakonou; Dr. S. were prepared as cross sections and were would give information on the nature of Sotiropoulou; and painters A. Levidis and studied under the microscope. Analysis of both the pigments and binders used for K. Kostouros contributed to the stimulat- the pigments by means of scanning electron the application of the paint layer. Such a ing exchange of ideas. microscope, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray systematic analytical investigation for the Aside from the theoretical part of my diffraction allowed me to identify a number detection of possible organic materials had seminar, two sessions were devoted to more of mineral pigments already known from never previously been carried out for pre- technical matters. A demonstration of the other Aegean paintings, such as red and yel- historic Aegean wall paintings. painter’s materials from the permanent pig- low ochres, Egyptian blue, calcite, kaolin- The analytical data demonstrated that ment collection of the Wiener Laboratory ite, charcoal black, manganese-based black, all of the pigments examined are of or- took place at the laboratory, touching on and copper-based green, but also materials ganic origin. Particularly interesting is the their properties and various uses as well as that have never been documented before. detection of murex purple on twenty-five on analytical matters related to the methods The analysis of brown areas confirmed the samples taken from various rooms of the of their identification. Dr. A. Karydas from use of umbers, containing manganese di- palace, testifying for the first time such “DEMOKRITOS” was invited to perform in- oxide as well as hydrous ferric oxide, and an abundant use of this precious dye in a situ non-destructive analysis on ancient pig- a pale green hue was identified to the rare pictorial context. The results of the analy- ments with his portable X-ray fluorescence mineral Chrysocolla, a green-blue copper sis on the binders suggested that the term equipment. At last, with a group of students silicate (CuSiO3.2H2O) already identified “fresco” is inappropriate. The presence of more interested in artistic matters we visited among Egyptian painting materials, but not two organic binding materials has been at- the studio of a modern Greek painter, K. previously in Aegean painting. The mac- tested, confirming the practice of sophis- Papanikolaou, who kindly offered us a dem- roscopic detection of purple and pinkish ticated tempera techniques: egg and gum onstration of the true fresco technique. hues on numerous fragments, considered tragacanth. In my scholarly work, the research I un- by previous scholars either to be red or to continued on page 26

25 Wiener Lab Report Excavations at Mt. Lykaion continued from page 11

Archaeobotanical Pneumatiko Kentro, the Cultural Center of Remains from the Agora’s the village (and former school house), a Byzantine Contexts wonderful modern and bright two-floor building that we use for labs, museum, and EVI MARGARITIS apotheke, as well as for lodging. We live in 2005–06 WIENER LABORATORY RESEARCH rooms in village houses, and this summer ASSOCIATE we also made use of another former school house and modern xenona in the neighbor- ing village of Xastanochoroi to solve our As part of my exploration of evidence of an- growing housing needs. cient Greek agriculture at the Athenian Ag- During the summer of 2006 a team of ora and Corinth Excavations, I focused my 25 students and staff worked in the lower research associateship on some soil samples Photo: Evi Margaritis sanctuary, where excavation was begun. taken at the Agora Excavations during the Four trenches were opened in and around 2005 season. In total, 11 soil samples were Carbonized olive stones from the Agora. the area of the hippodrome. We were able collected for further analysis and the re- to complete our investigation of these trieval of archaeobotanical remains. Some trenches, which have already told us a samples were particularly rich in plant re- The samples from Room C are of particular great deal about where the ancient hip- mains, represented by charred olives, while interest. Apart from the olive stones, they podrome and stadium were located (and others did not reveal any archaeobotanical included pressed olive epidermis, a rare where they could not be!). We continued material. The numerous olive remains were element of Olea to be found in archaeobo- our topographical and architectural work preserved through carbonization, most tanical samples. at the site and also initiated some cleaning likely because they were burned as fuel. Samples deriving from the brown fill of work in the area of the seats and statue Taphonomical factors explain the absence an underground vessel and from the fill of bases. We are looking forward to at least of other plant species. For instance, the fill the drain in wall 3 contained large amounts two additional seasons of excavation in the of two amphorae did not contain preserved of charcoal and some original fragments of summers of 2007 and 2008. plant remains because the amphorae and olive stones. For the underground vessel, We recently made a proposal to create their immediate surroundings were unaf- however, the taphonomy of its specific con- a national park in the area of Mt. Lykaion, fected by fire or intense heat. text should be considered carefully before to include an area of approximately 300 The richest sample derives from the making associations between the archaeo- square kilometers. This park would unify ash layer beneath wall 6, which contains botanical remains and the vessel. and protect a number of significant ancient several hundred complete and fragmented Summarizing the taphonomic issues at cities and sanctuaries in the mountainous olive stones, as well as a few animal bones. the Byzantine layers of the site, it becomes area of southwestern Arcadia, including the Olive stones are the most common Olea clear that differential use of olive and its by- area of the ancient Parrhasia. This cultural element retrieved at archaeological excava- products led to differences in preservation. landscape proposal includes the creation of tions. Stone fragments have been connected The olive remains reflect residues of olive trails and signs to guide the visitor between with olive production since the crushing of oil production used as fuel and discarded at sites, as well as presentation of information olives is one of the basic procedures of oil various locations throughout the site. e about the flora, fauna, geology, history, and extraction. However, their fragmentation archaeology of the area. e can also be the result of post-depositional Solow Fellows damage or breaking during excavation and continued from page 21 processing of soil samples. Color in Greek Painting Following from the results of my experi- Kodratos basilica below the northern terrace continued from page 25 mental work on similar assemblages, the at Corinth. A preliminary study of context fragmented olive stones retrieved from the pottery from excavated deposits near the The range of colors selected for the dec- Athenian Agora sample fall in two catego- funerary monument and over the basilica oration of the palace was no doubt influ- ries: pits broken in antiquity (recorded as suggests that activity in this area reached a enced both by the availability of pigments “original” fragments) and pits fragmented high point in the sixth century. and by relative values attached to them. as a result of post-depositional mechanisms The next stage in my research will be Like most societies, Mycenaeans used color (recorded as “modern” fragments). The the completion of my commentary on the to represent things both as they were classi- vast majority of the fragments belong to inscriptions and their final publication; fied by social and individual cognition, and the original fragment category, suggesting I plan to continue work on the funerary more symbolically. In due course, following that they represent the by-products of ol- monument and basilica in summer 2007. full recording and study of all fragments ive oil production. Such by-products were These studies are not only elucidating the of wall paintings from the palace, we hope an important source of fuel, animal fodder religious and social history of Roman Ken- to be in an even better position to evalu- (especially for cattle), and fertilizer. chreai, but also providing important new ate the uses and functions of color in the The rest of the samples contained ol- insights into the topography of settlement Mycenaean Palace of Pylos. e ive stones in various quantities, mostly of at this thriving provincial port town. e the fragmented original fragment category. — Joseph L. Rife, Macalester College

26 In Memoriam

KEITH ROBERT DEVRIES 1937–2006

Keith DeVries, Associate Curator Emeritus of the Mediterranean Section of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeol- ogy and Anthropology, and Associate Pro- fessor Emeritus of Classical Studies at Penn, died in Philadelphia on July 16, 2006, at the age of 69. He was an internationally known scholar of ancient Greece and Anatolia. Professor DeVries was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and after graduating from the University of Michigan in 1958 with a degree in English, he worked in pub- lishing in New York and Rome for several Keith DeVries in a lighter moment, 1980s. years. In 1965, he began graduate study in Classical Archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania where he received his Ph.D. and its representation in Greek art. Profes- in 1970. At Penn, he worked with Rodney sor DeVries was a consultant for the Greek Generous Bequest Benefits School Young, the renowned discoverer of King Gallery at the University of Pennsylvania Keith DeVries has bequeathed the Midas’s Phrygian capital at Gordion in cen- Museum, and he also served as co-direc- School a generous portion of his estate, tral Turkey. His two years at the American tor of the Museum’s Corpus Vasorum An- and a fund has been established in his School from 1967 to 1969 established a tiquorum project. memory for Blegen Library acquisi- relationship with Greece, and especially But it was Gordion that became his life’s tions. The School would be pleased to with ancient Corinth, that would contin- work, even as his health deteriorated. A accept any additional contributions to ue throughout his life. In 1969, Professor staff member of the excavation for some this fund. Please contact the Princeton DeVries began teaching at Penn, where he 30 years, Professor DeVries also served as office for more information. remained for his entire career. He offered a its director between 1977 and 1987. He broad range of courses in Greek archaeol- wrote a series of significant articles that ogy from the Bronze Age through the Clas- clarified the historical sequence of the sical period, and generations of students site. Most recently, his highly perceptive RICHARD H. HOWLAND remember him as a devoted and generous analyses of the artifactual and architec- 1910–2006 teacher and mentor. tural developments and of the pertinent A longtime member of the Archaeologi- textual sources made a singular contribu- cal Institute of America, Professor DeVries tion to the radical revision of the Gordion Richard H. Howland, Trustee Emeritus of also served on the Managing Committee of chronology. The famous Iron Age destruc- the School, died peacefully in his home in the ASCSA. He represented the University tion level at Gordion, spectacularly rich Washington D.C. on October 24, at the age of Pennsylvania from 1976 to 2004, and in artifacts, was formerly attributed to a of 96. Mr. Howland was a student at the thereafter served as a non-voting mem- Kimmerian incursion of the early seventh School from 1933 to 1935 and an Agora ber of the Managing Committee. He was century B.C., but is now known to have Fellow from 1936 to 1938. He served as a Regular Member (John Williams White occurred a century earlier, with widespread Chairman of the Managing Committee Fellow) at the School in 1967–68, and a implications for the interpretation of Iron from 1965 to 1975, trustee from 1965 to Student Associate Member (Edward Capps Age Anatolia. This work will be published 1995, and trustee emeritus from 1995 to Fellow) in 1968–69. posthumously. 2006. Among Mr. Howland’s many contri- A specialist in Greek material culture, His many interests included astronomy, butions to the School, he secured the gift of his dissertation and several subsequent ornithology, the performing arts, and poli- Mayer House in New York, which for many articles were devoted to fibulae. His work tics. For over a decade, he made an annual years housed the School’s U.S. office and on Corinthian Geometric pottery led him pilgrimage to Mount Athos, where his love whose sale proceeds contributed signifi- to propose a chronological adjustment for of Greece and his Christianity came togeth- cantly to the School’s endowment. the initial Greek colonization in the cen- er. Professor DeVries was scholarly, courte- A fund is being established in memo- tral Mediterranean; this study appeared in ous, and gentle, possessed of an impressive ry of Richard Howland at the American the Corinth Centennial volume. Professor mind and a distinctive sense of humor. His School. Please send any contributions to DeVries also published several articles on company, humanity, and intellect will be the Princeton office. the important assemblage of Greek pottery greatly missed. from Phrygian Gordion. Other publications — Ann Blair Brownlee reflected his research on homosexuality Gareth Darbyshire

27 In collaboration with the Sofia University

 “St. Kliment Ohridski,” the American Re-

search Center in Sofia, directed by Man- aging Committee member Kevin Clinton (Cornell University), sponsored the first of a series of annual lectures in honor of humanist and friend of Bulgaria, Eugene Schuyler. The inaugural lecture, entitled “The East–West Conflict: some Greek lit- erary perspectives,” was given by ASCSA Director Stephen V. Tracy in October at    Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski.”  On November 8, Jack L. Davis (Univer- Photo: June Allison sity of Cincinnati), Managing Committee

News & Notes News ASCSA Trustee Mary R. Lefkowitz (Welles- Member and Chair of the Committee on ley College) received the 2006 National Excavation and Survey, visited the Finn- Humanities Medal from President Bush ish Institute in Athens to deliver a lecture New job? New address? Keep us in a November 8 ceremony at the White on the Palace of Nestor, launching a se- informed! We want to remind our House. She was at the School in October ries of lectures at the Finnish Institute in subscribers that we are always to present a lecture in Cotsen Hall on “The memory of the great Finnish archaeologist Black Athena controversy: final reflections” Johannes Sundwall. After the inaugural lec- trying to update contact infor- (see photo above). ture, Director of the Finnish Institute Björn mation for alumni/ae & friends Forsén presented Mr. Davis with a diploma,  of the School. Please ask your hand-lettered in ancient Greek, declaring ASCSA friends (fellow alums Former Blegen Assistant Librarian Phyllis his enrollment as a Friend of the Finnish Graham we might have lost track of) to has been appointed Head, Acqui- Institute. sitions Units at the University of California, send us their mailing address Davis’s Shields Library. During her tenure at and e-mail. Please send any the Blegen, from 1998 to 2004, Ms. Graham Plan for the future by making a contri- updates to the ASCSA Prince- was a major contributor to the implementa- bution to the ASCSA. Please consider ton office, 6-8 Charlton Street, tion of new technologies in the processes planned gifts, such as bequests, life of acquisition and cataloguing, and helped Princeton, NJ 08540-5232 (e-mail: insurance policies, or annuities. For keep the Blegen running smoothly during more information, please contact Irene [email protected]) or visit the the challenging periods following the de- Romano in the School’s Princeton office School’s website (www.ascsa. partures of Head Librarians Nancy Winter at 609-683-0800, ext 23. Thank you for edu.gr/) and update there by and Camilla MacKay. remembering the School! clicking on the “Contact” link. 

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PAID 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, NJ 08540-5232 Permit No. 185 Princeton, NJ Address Service Requested