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The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin, Volume 10: Published Essays, 1940-1952

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The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin, Volume 10: Published Essays, 1940-1952 The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin, Volume 10: Published Essays, 1940-1952 Ellis Sandoz, Editor University of Missouri Press the collected works of ERIC VOEGELIN VOLUME 10 PUBLISHED ESSAYS 1940–1952 This page intentionally left blank projected volumes in the collected works 1. On the Form of the American Mind 2. Race and State 3. The History of the Race Idea: From Ray to Carus 4. The Authoritarian State: An Essay on the Problem of the Austrian State 5. Modernity without Restraint: The Political Religions; The New Science of Politics; and Science, Politics, and Gnosticism 6. Anamnesis 7. Published Essays, 1922– 8. Published Essays 9. Published Essays 10. Published Essays, 1940–1952 11. Published Essays, 1953–1965 12. Published Essays, 1966–1985 13. Selected Book Reviews 14. Order and History, Volume I, Israel and Revelation 15. Order and History, Volume II, The World of the Polis 16. Order and History, Volume III, Plato and Aristotle 17. Order and History, Volume IV, The Ecumenic Age 18. Order and History, Volume V, In Search of Order 19. History of Political Ideas, Volume I, Hellenism, Rome, and Early Christianity 20. History of Political Ideas, Volume II, The Middle Ages to Aquinas 21. History of Political Ideas, Volume III, The Later Middle Ages 22. History of Political Ideas, Volume IV, Renaissance and Reformation 23. History of Political Ideas, Volume V, Religion and the Rise of Modernity 24. History of Political Ideas, Volume VI, Revolution and the New Science 25. History of Political Ideas, Volume VII, The New Order and Last Orientation 26. History of Political Ideas, Volume VIII, Crisis and the Apocalypse of Man 27. The Nature of the Law, and Related Legal Writings 28. What Is History? And Other Late Unpublished Writings 29. Selected Correspondence 30. Selected Correspondence 31. Hitler and the Germans 32. Miscellaneous Papers 33. Miscellaneous Papers 34. Autobiographical Reflections and Index editorial board Paul Caringella Jürgen Gebhardt Thomas A. Hollweck Ellis Sandoz The Editorial Board offers grateful acknowledgment to the Earhart Foundation, Liberty Fund, Inc., and Robert J. Cihak, M.D., for support provided at various stages in the preparation of this book for publication. A special thanks for support goes to the Charlotte and Walter Kohler Charitable Trust. The University of Missouri Press offers its grateful acknowledgment for a generous contribution from the Eric Voegelin Institute in support of the publication of this volume. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF ERIC VOEGELIN VOLUME 10 PUBLISHED ESSAYS 1940–1952 edited with an introduction by ELLIS SANDOZ university of missouri press columbia and london Copyright © 2000 by The Curators of the University of Missouri University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri 65201 Printed and bound in the United States of America All rights reserved 54321 0403020100 Cataloging-in-Publication data available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0–8262-1304–9 ⅜ϱ ™ This paper meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48, 1984. Designer: Albert Crochet Typesetter: BOOKCOMP, Inc. Printer and binder: Thomson-Shore, Inc. Typeface: Trump Mediaeval Contents Acknowledgments ix Editor’s Introduction 1 1. Extended Strategy: A New Technique of Dynamic Relations (1940) 15 2. The Growth of the Race Idea (1940) 27 3. Some Problems of German Hegemony (1941) 62 4. The Mongol Orders of Submission to European Powers, 1245–1255 (1941) 76 5. Nietzsche, the Crisis, and the War (1944) 126 6. Political Theory and the Pattern of General History (1944) 157 7. The Origins of Scientism (1948) 168 8. More’s Utopia (1951) 197 9. Goethe’s Utopia( 1952) 218 10. Gnostic Politics (1952) 223 Index 241 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments Acknowledgment for permission to quote previously published ma- terial and other specific acknowledgment, including the names of translators, is given on the first page of each of the items reprinted here, as appropriate. Thanks goes to the Eric Voegelin Literary Trust for general assistance and for permission to publish items that are held in copyright by the Trust. Thanks to principal contributors to the financial support of The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin is given on the reverse of the title page of the volume. It remains for me as editor to thank my graduate assistants for their general help and especially their diligence and care in prepar- ing the texts in typescript by scanning from the variety of places of original publication or from the translators’ typescripts, with special thanks to John Baites, Hans-Jorg¨ Sigwart, Lee Trepanier, and Edward Findlay, and to Joyanna Wilson for meticulous care in scanning essays included here from English sources and in preparing the typescript. The copy-editing for this volume is the fine work of Julie Schorfheide, the index that of Linda Webster, under the super- vision of Jane Lago, managing editor, and Beverly Jarrett, director, of the University of Missouri Press—with all of whom it is a distinct pleasure to be associated in this important publishing endeavor. ix This page intentionally left blank PUBLISHED ESSAYS, 1940–1952 This page intentionally left blank Editor’s Introduction This volume contains some of Eric Voegelin’s most interesting es- says. They include his first publications after arriving in the United States as a refugee from Adolf Hitler, and so contain eyewitness commentary on the character and significance of the rise of Na- tional Socialism from the last months before World War II onward. A major study entitled “The Growth of the Race Idea” provides a masterful summary of the two volumes on the subject Voegelin first published in 1933. It deepens the analysis given there in light of another decade of study and observation—including his own nar- row escape by train from the Gestapo following the Anschluss and dismissal as a professor from the Faculty of Law of the University of Vienna.1 A related essay of wide interest is entitled “Nietzsche, the Crisis, and the War,” perhaps the fullest consideration of Friedrich Nietzsche in Voegelin’s entire oeuvres.2 1. The “Race” books now have been translated into English and published in the present series: The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (hereinafter cited as CW), vol. 2, Race and State (1997)andCW, vol. 3, The History of the Race Idea (1998), both trans. Ruth Hein and edited with intros. by Klaus Vondung (available, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999). Suppressed shortly after their publication in Hitler’s Germany in 1933 and so “unavailable,” these books are for the most part now accessible for the first time in any language. For an account of the Voegelins’ flight from Viennasee Eric Voegelin, Autobiographical Reflections, ed. Ellis Sandoz (1989, 1996; available, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999), 38–56. Note: Since 1999 all of Voegelin’s books initially published by Louisiana State University Press, including all volumes of his Collected Works (CW), are available from and/or published by University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri. 2. While a number of references to Nietzsche are scattered here and there in Voegelin’s work, he deals with him in a sustained way only here, in the study entitled “Nietzsche and Pascal” that concludes the published version of Eric Voegelin, History of Political Ideas, vol. VII, The New Order and Last Orientation, ed. Jürgen Gebhardt and Thomas Hollweck, intro. Jürgen Gebhardt, CW, vol. 25 (1999), 251– 303; and in Eric Voegelin, Science, Politics, and Gnosticism (1958, English 1968; Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 1997), intro. by Ellis Sandoz, part 3: 1 published essays, 1940–1952 In another vein, Voegelin’s elaborate study of the “Mongol Orders of Submission to European Powers, 1245–1255,” fully presents for the first time and analytically sifts the meaning of the extensive diplomatic correspondence of the Western powers and the papacy with the invincible great khans. Conducted during the time of the breathtaking surge of the Mongol empire that for a time threat- ened to extinguish Western civilization itself, Voegelin shows the diplomatic documents attending this millennial clash to have per- manently formed our understanding of political reality; and, at the level of power politics, Mongol imperialism resulted after Lieg- nitz in the nearly two-and-a-half-century domination over Russia known as the Tatar Yoke.3 Yet another major study is “The Origins of Scientism,” a lumi- nous analysis of the grounds of much of modern thought, including all modern political ideologies. Among much else there is a survey of the state of political theory in the late 1940s, penetrating studies of utopian thought with essays on Thomas More4 and Goethe, and a concluding essay that explores the intricacies of “Gnostic “The Murder of God,” 35–50. This book is contained in CW, vol. 5, Modernity without Restraint: The Political Religions, The New Science of Politics, and Science, Politics, and Gnosticism, ed. with an intro. by Manfred Henningsen (2000). Recent studies of Voegelin’s treatments of Nietzsche include Peter J. Opitz, “Voegelin’s Nietzsche,” Nietzsche-Studien 25 (1996): 172–90; and Henning Ottmann, “Das Spiel der Masken—Nietzsche im Werk Eric Voegelins,” ibid., 26 (1996): 191–99. 3. A revised version of this essay was presented twenty-five years later in German translation in Eric Voegelin, Anamnesis: Zur Theorie der Geschichte und Politik (Munich: R. Piper & Co. Verlag, 1966), part 2: “Erfahrung und Geschichte,” titled “Der Befehl Gottes,” 179–222 (this is preceded by the related “Das Timurbild der Humanisten,” ibid., 153–78). This material and its significance is briefly noticed in The New Science of Politics (1952), chap. 2,§2. See the discussion in Barry Cooper, Eric Voegelin and the Foundations of Modern Political Science (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999), 247–85. On the Tatar or Mongol Yoke in Russia (1240–1480) see the account in George Vernadsky and Michael Karpovich, A History of Russia, 4 vols.
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